Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Year end

Reading

Kanji

歳Year, Years old 末End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歳末 (さいまつ)' refers to the end of the year, particularly the period leading up to the New Year. This term is often used in contexts related to year-end activities, such as cleaning, shopping, or preparing for celebrations. It carries a sense of closure and preparation for the upcoming year. Example sentences: The year-end sales are starting「歳末セールが始まります」(さいまつセールがはじまります). We are busy with year-end preparations「歳末の準備で忙しい」(さいまつのじゅんびでいそがしい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3229

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intellectual

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'インテリ (いんてり)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'intellectual'. It refers to a person who is highly educated, knowledgeable, or engaged in intellectual pursuits. This term is often used to describe individuals who are well-read, cultured, or involved in academic or artistic fields. For example: He is a true intellectual「彼は本当のインテリだ」(かれはほんとうのいんてりだ). The party was full of intellectuals「そのパーティーはインテリでいっぱいだった」(そのぱーてぃーはいんてりでいっぱいだった). Note that this term can sometimes carry a slightly sarcastic or critical tone, depending on the context, implying someone who is overly intellectual or pretentious.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3230

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sunday

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 曜Weekday

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日曜 (にちよう)' refers to 'Sunday', the first day of the week in the Japanese calendar. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and writing to denote the day of the week. For example: I will go to the park on Sunday「日曜に公園に行きます」(にちようにこうえんにいきます). Sunday is a holiday「日曜は休日です」(にちようはきゅうじつです). The word is often combined with other terms to specify events or activities occurring on Sunday, such as '日曜日 (にちようび)' which also means 'Sunday' but is slightly more formal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3231

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Best

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ベスト (besuto)' means 'best'. It is a loanword from English, commonly used in contexts related to performance, quality, or effort. For example: This is my best work「これは私のベストです」(これはわたしのベストです). He did his best in the competition「彼は競技でベストを尽くした」(かれはきょうぎでベストをつくした). The word can also refer to a 'vest' (as in clothing), but this usage is less common and typically clarified by context. For example: He wore a vest「彼はベストを着ていた」(かれはベストをきていた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3232

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pot

Reading

Kanji

鍋Pot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鍋 (なべ)' refers to a 'pot', typically used for cooking. It can describe various types of pots, such as those used for boiling, stewing, or frying. In Japanese cuisine, '鍋' is also associated with hot pot dishes, where ingredients are cooked together in a communal pot. Example sentences: I bought a new pot「新しい鍋を買いました」(あたらしいなべをかいました). Let's make hot pot tonight「今夜は鍋を作りましょう」(こんやはなべをつくりましょう). The pot is on the stove「鍋がコンロの上にあります」(なべがコンロのうえにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3235

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consumer

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 費Expense 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '消費者 (しょうひしゃ)' means 'consumer'. This term refers to an individual or entity that purchases goods or services for personal use rather than for resale or commercial purposes. It is commonly used in economic, business, and marketing contexts. For example: Consumers are becoming more environmentally conscious「消費者は環境意識が高まっている」(しょうひしゃはかんきょういしきがたかまっている). The company focuses on consumer needs「その会社は消費者のニーズに焦点を当てている」(そのかいしゃはしょうひしゃのニーズにしょうてんをあてている). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3236

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Patent

Reading

Kanji

特Special 許Permit, Allow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '特許 (とっきょ)' refers to a 'patent', which is an exclusive right granted for an invention. This term is commonly used in legal, business, and technological contexts. A patent allows the holder to prevent others from making, using, or selling the invention without permission. For example: He applied for a patent「彼は特許を申請した」(かれはとっきょをしんせいした). This technology is protected by a patent「この技術は特許で保護されている」(このぎじゅつはとっきょでほごされている). The word can also appear in compound terms like '特許権 (とっきょけん)' (patent rights) or '特許庁 (とっきょちょう)' (patent office).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3237

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Artificial

Reading

Kanji

人Person 工Construction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人工 (じんこう)' means 'artificial'. It refers to something that is made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally. This term is often used in contexts related to technology, science, and nature. For example: artificial intelligence「人工知能」(じんこうちのう). artificial lake「人工湖」(じんこうこ). It can also be used to describe something that is man-made or synthetic, such as artificial flowers「人工の花」(じんこうのはな). The term emphasizes the contrast between natural and human-created elements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3238

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Army

Reading

Kanji

陸Land 軍Army

Explanation

The Japanese noun '陸軍 (りくぐん)' refers specifically to the 'army' or 'land forces' of a military. It is used to describe the branch of a nation's armed forces that conducts land-based military operations. This term is distinct from other branches like the navy (海軍, かいぐん) or air force (空軍, くうぐん). For example: The army is conducting exercises「陸軍が演習を行っている」(りくぐんがえんしゅうをおこなっている). He joined the army「彼は陸軍に入った」(かれはりくぐんにはいった). The term is often used in historical or formal contexts, particularly when discussing military organizations or strategies.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3239

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sharing, Joint ownership

Reading

Kanji

共Together 有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese noun '共有 (きょうゆう)' refers to the act of sharing something or the state of joint ownership. It is commonly used in contexts where resources, information, or responsibilities are shared among multiple people or entities. For example: We share the same goals「私たちは同じ目標を共有しています」(わたしたちはおなじもくひょうをきょうゆうしています). This house is under joint ownership「この家は共有されています」(このいえはきょうゆうされています). The term can also be used in technology, such as 'file sharing' (ファイル共有, ファイルきょうゆう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3242

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Newlywed

Reading

Kanji

新New 婚Marriage

Explanation

The Japanese noun '新婚 (しんこん)' refers to the state of being newly married, specifically describing a couple who have recently entered into marriage. It is often used to describe the period shortly after marriage, typically characterized by happiness and adjustment to married life. For example: They are newlyweds「彼らは新婚です」(かれらはしんこんです). The newlywed couple went on a honeymoon「新婚夫婦はハネムーンに行きました」(しんこんふうふはハネムーンにいきました). This term is commonly used in contexts related to marriage, relationships, and celebrations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3245

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sugar

Reading

Kanji

砂Sand 糖Sugar

Explanation

The Japanese noun '砂糖 (さとう)' means 'sugar'. It refers to the sweet crystalline substance used to flavor food and drinks. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as cooking or discussing food. For example: I put sugar in my coffee「コーヒーに砂糖を入れました」(コーヒーにさとうをいれました). This cake has a lot of sugar「このケーキは砂糖が多い」(このケーキはさとうがおおい). The word '砂糖' is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3247

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Morality

Reading

Kanji

道Way 徳Virtue

Explanation

The Japanese noun '道徳 (どうとく)' refers to 'morality' or 'ethical principles'. It is used to describe the system of values and principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong behavior. This term is often used in discussions about societal norms, personal ethics, and philosophical teachings. For example: Morality is important in society「道徳は社会で重要です」(どうとくはしゃかいでじゅうようです). Teaching morality to children is essential「子供に道徳を教えることは大切です」(こどもにどうとくをおしえることはたいせつです). The word is commonly used in educational and philosophical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mathematics

Reading

Kanji

数Number 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '数学 (すうがく)' means 'mathematics'. It refers to the academic discipline that involves the study of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns. This word is commonly used in educational contexts, such as in schools or universities, to refer to the subject of math. For example: I like mathematics「私は数学が好きです」(わたしはすうがくがすきです). Mathematics is difficult「数学は難しい」(すうがくはむずかしい). The word can also be used in broader contexts to discuss mathematical concepts or problems.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3249

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strike

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ストライキ (sutoraiki)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'strike'. It refers to a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work, typically as a form of protest. This term is commonly used in the context of labor disputes and can be applied to various industries. For example: The workers went on strike「労働者がストライキをした」(ろうどうしゃがストライキをした). The strike lasted for three days「そのストライキは三日間続いた」(そのストライキはみっかかんつづいた). It's important to note that 'ストライキ' is often used in formal or news contexts, and it carries the same connotations as its English counterpart.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3251

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effect

Reading

Kanji

効Effective 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese noun '効き目 (ききめ)' refers to the 'effect' or 'efficacy' of something, often used in the context of medicine, remedies, or actions. It implies a noticeable or measurable result. For example: The medicine had a strong effect「薬の効き目が強かった」(くすりのききめがつよかった). This method has no effect「この方法には効き目がない」(このほうほうにはききめがない). The word is commonly used when discussing the effectiveness of treatments, strategies, or efforts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3252

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance, Pattern

Reading

Kanji

模Imitation 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese noun '模様 (もよう)' primarily means 'pattern', referring to designs or arrangements, such as on fabric or in nature. It can also mean 'appearance' or 'state', indicating how something looks or the condition it is in. For example: The kimono has a beautiful pattern「その着物は美しい模様がある」(そのきものはうつくしいもようがある). The weather seems to be taking a turn for the worse「天気が悪くなる模様だ」(てんきがわるくなるもようだ). The dual meanings are context-dependent, with 'pattern' being more common in physical descriptions and 'appearance' used in more abstract or situational contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3253

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dragon

Reading

Kanji

竜Dragon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '竜 (りゅう)' refers to a 'dragon', a mythical creature often depicted as a large, serpentine or reptilian being with magical or spiritual qualities. In Japanese culture, dragons are typically seen as benevolent and associated with water, rain, and protection. They are a common motif in folklore, art, and festivals. Example sentences: The dragon flew across the sky「竜が空を飛んだ」(りゅうがそらをとんだ). The shrine is guarded by a dragon「その神社は竜に守られている」(そのじんじゃはりゅうにまもられている). Note that '竜' is often used in names, stories, and symbolic contexts, and it carries a more traditional or mythical connotation compared to the word 'ドラゴン' (doragon), which is used for Western-style dragons.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3254

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Each

Reading

Kanji

各Each 自Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '各自 (かくじ)' means 'each' or 'each person'. It is used to refer to individuals within a group, emphasizing that each person is responsible for themselves or has their own role. This term is often used in contexts where individual responsibility or action is highlighted. For example: Each person should bring their own lunch「各自、お弁当を持参してください」(かくじ、おべんとうをじさんしてください). Each student must complete their homework「各自、宿題を終わらせなければなりません」(かくじ、しゅくだいをおわらせなければなりません). The word is commonly used in formal or instructional settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3256

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '順 (じゅん)' means 'order' or 'sequence'. It refers to the arrangement or progression of things in a particular sequence. This word is often used in contexts where the sequence or arrangement is important, such as in instructions, rankings, or processes. For example: Please line up in order「順に並んでください」(じゅんにならんでください). The order of events is important「順番が大切です」(じゅんばんがたいせつです). It can also be used in compound words like '順番 (じゅんばん)' meaning 'turn' or 'order of turns'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3258

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Name

Reading

Kanji

名Name 称Appellation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名称 (めいしょう)' refers to the 'name' or 'title' of something, such as an object, place, or organization. It is often used in formal or official contexts to denote the designated name of an entity. For example: the name of this product is...「この製品の名称は...」(このせいひんのめいしょうは...). The official name of the company is...「会社の正式名称は...」(かいしゃのせいしきめいしょうは...). This word is commonly used in legal, administrative, or technical settings to specify the exact designation of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3259

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Taxation

Reading

Kanji

課Section, Lesson 税Tax

Explanation

The Japanese noun '課税 (かぜい)' refers to the act or system of imposing taxes. It is commonly used in legal, financial, and administrative contexts to describe the process of levying taxes on income, property, goods, or services. For example: The government imposes taxation on luxury goods「政府は贅沢品に課税する」(せいふはぜいたくひんにかぜいする). This income is subject to taxation「この所得は課税対象です」(このしょとくはかぜいたいしょうです). The term can also refer to the tax itself in certain contexts, but its primary meaning is the act of taxing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3262

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Childcare

Reading

Kanji

育Raise, Grow 児Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '育児 (いくじ)' refers to the act of raising or caring for children. It encompasses all activities related to the upbringing of a child, including feeding, education, and emotional support. This term is often used in contexts discussing parenting, family life, and social services. For example: She is busy with childcare「彼女は育児で忙しい」(かのじょはいくじでいそがしい). Childcare is challenging but rewarding「育児は大変だがやりがいがある」(いくじはたいへんだがやりがいがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3266

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Car

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'カー (かー)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'car'. It is used to refer to automobiles or vehicles in general. This term is commonly used in casual conversation and is easily understood by Japanese speakers. For example: I bought a new car「新しいカーを買った」(あたらしいかーをかった). The car is fast「そのカーは速い」(そのかーははやい). It's important to note that while 'カー' is widely understood, the more traditional Japanese term for car is '車 (くるま)', which is also commonly used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3269

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Question

Reading

Kanji

問Question, Problem

Explanation

The Japanese noun '問い (とい)' means 'question'. It refers to an inquiry or a query posed to seek information or clarification. This word is often used in formal or written contexts, such as in academic discussions, surveys, or philosophical debates. For example: Please answer this question「この問いに答えてください」(このといにこたえてください). The question is difficult「その問いは難しい」(そのといはむずかしい). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a deeper or existential inquiry, such as in '人生の問い (じんせいのとい) (a question of life)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3270

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entertainment

Reading

Kanji

芸Art, Performance 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芸能 (げいのう)' refers to the world of entertainment, including performing arts, music, acting, and other forms of public performance. It is often used to describe the industry or profession related to entertainment. For example: She works in the entertainment industry「彼女は芸能界で働いています」(かのじょはげいのうかいではたらいています). Traditional Japanese entertainment is fascinating「伝統的な日本の芸能は魅力的です」(でんとうてきなにほんのげいのうはみりょくてきです). The term can also refer to the skills or talents associated with performing arts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3271

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Independence

Reading

Kanji

自Self 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自立 (じりつ)' means 'independence'. It refers to the state of being self-reliant or self-sufficient, often in the context of personal, financial, or emotional independence. This word is commonly used to describe someone who can take care of themselves without relying on others. For example: She achieved financial independence「彼女は経済的に自立した」(かのじょはけいざいてきにじりつした). Young people strive for independence「若者は自立を目指す」(わかものはじりつをめざす). The concept of '自立' is highly valued in Japanese society, emphasizing personal responsibility and autonomy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3272

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compensation

Reading

Kanji

賠Compensate, Compensation 償Recompense, Reparation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '賠償 (ばいしょう)' refers to 'compensation', particularly in the context of legal or financial reparation for damages, losses, or injuries. It is commonly used in legal settings, such as lawsuits or insurance claims, where one party is required to compensate another for harm caused. For example: The company paid compensation for the damages「会社は損害の賠償を支払った」(かいしゃはそんがいのばいしょうをしはらった). He demanded compensation for the accident「彼は事故の賠償を要求した」(かれはじこのばいしょうをようきゅうした). This term is often associated with formal or serious situations where restitution is necessary.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3273

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lead

Reading

Kanji

主Master 役Duty

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主役 (しゅやく)' refers to the 'lead' or 'main role' in a performance, such as in a play, movie, or any event. It can also metaphorically describe someone who plays a central role in a situation. For example: She is the lead in the play「彼女はその劇の主役です」(かのじょはそのげきのしゅやくです). He always wants to be the main character「彼はいつも主役になりたがる」(かれはいつもしゅやくになりたがる). This term is often used in both literal and figurative contexts to denote prominence or centrality.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3274

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Metal

Reading

Kanji

金Gold 属Belong

Explanation

The Japanese noun '金属 (きんぞく)' means 'metal'. It refers to any of the elements or alloys that are typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity. This word is commonly used in scientific, industrial, and everyday contexts. For example: this tool is made of metal「この道具は金属でできている」(このどうぐはきんぞくでできている). Gold is a precious metal「金は貴金属です」(きんはききんぞくです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something strong or unyielding, as in '彼の意志は金属のように強い' (かれのいしはきんぞくのようにつよい) (His will is as strong as metal).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3275

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Movement, Operation

Reading

Kanji

動Move 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動作 (どうさ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'movement', referring to the physical motion of a person, animal, or object. For example: the robot's movements are smooth「ロボットの動作は滑らかです」(ロボットのどうさはなめらかです). The second meaning is 'operation', referring to the functioning or performance of a machine, system, or software. For example: the software's operation is stable「ソフトウェアの動作は安定しています」(ソフトウェアのどうさはあんていしています). The word is commonly used in both technical and everyday contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3276

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Menu

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'メニュー (menyuu)' refers to a 'menu', typically in the context of food and drink options available at a restaurant or café. It can also refer to a list of options or choices in other contexts, such as a digital menu on a website or app. For example: Please show me the menu「メニューを見せてください」(メニューをみせてください). This restaurant has a wide variety of dishes on the menu「このレストランのメニューは料理の種類が多いです」(このレストランのメニューはりょうりのしゅるいがおおいです). The word is borrowed from English and is commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3277

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Staple food

Reading

Kanji

主Master 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主食 (しゅしょく)' refers to the staple food of a meal, typically the main source of carbohydrates. In Japan, this is often rice, but it can also include bread, noodles, or other grains depending on the meal. For example: Rice is the staple food in Japan「日本では米が主食です」(にほんではこめがしゅしょくです). For breakfast, bread is my staple food「朝食にはパンが主食です」(ちょうしょくにはパンがしゅしょくです). The concept of '主食' is central to Japanese meals, where it is usually accompanied by side dishes known as 'おかず (おかず)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3278

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nobility

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious 族Family

Explanation

The Japanese noun '貴族 (きぞく)' refers to 'nobility' or 'aristocracy'. It describes a social class of people who hold hereditary titles or ranks, often associated with wealth, power, and privilege. This term is commonly used in historical or formal contexts to refer to the elite class in feudal or monarchical societies. For example: The nobility lived in grand castles「貴族は大きな城に住んでいた」(きぞくはおおきなしろにすんでいた). She comes from a family of nobility「彼女は貴族の家系です」(かのじょはきぞくのかけいです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone with refined or elegant qualities, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3279

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Communism

Reading

Kanji

共Together 産Give birth 主Master 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '共産主義 (きょうさんしゅぎ)' refers to the political and economic ideology of 'communism'. It is a system where property and resources are owned collectively, and labor is organized for the common good. This term is often used in political discussions, historical contexts, or when describing economic systems. Example sentences: Communism aims for a classless society「共産主義は階級のない社会を目指す」(きょうさんしゅぎはかいきゅうのないしゃかいをめざす). He studies the history of communism「彼は共産主義の歴史を研究している」(かれはきょうさんしゅぎのれきしをけんきゅうしている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3281

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Genuine

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本格 (ほんかく)' refers to something that is genuine, authentic, or full-fledged. It is often used to describe things that are serious, thorough, or of high quality, such as a genuine method, a full-scale effort, or an authentic style. For example: This is a genuine Italian restaurant「これは本格的なイタリアンレストランです」(これはほんかくてきなイタリアンレストランです). The company is making a full-scale effort to improve its services「その会社はサービス改善に本格的に取り組んでいます」(そのかいしゃはサービスかいぜんにほんかくてきにとりくんでいます). The word can also imply a sense of seriousness or commitment, as in '本格的な調査 (ほんかくてきなちょうさ) (a thorough investigation)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3283

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty, Obligation

Reading

Kanji

義Righteousness 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '義理 (ぎり)' refers to a sense of social obligation or duty, often tied to relationships or societal expectations. It is a deeply rooted concept in Japanese culture, emphasizing the importance of fulfilling one's responsibilities to maintain harmony. For example: I feel a sense of duty to help my friend「友達を助ける義理を感じる」(ともだちをたすけるぎりをかんじる). He attended the wedding out of obligation「彼は義理で結婚式に出席した」(かれはぎりでけっこんしきにしゅっせきした). This word is often used in contexts involving social expectations, such as gift-giving or attending events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3286

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parent child

Reading

Kanji

親Parent 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親子 (おやこ)' refers to the relationship or pair of a parent and child. It is commonly used to describe the bond or connection between a parent and their offspring, and can also refer to things that are related in a parent-child manner, such as a dish that includes both chicken and egg (親子丼 - おやこどん). For example: The parent and child went to the park「親子は公園に行った」(おやこはこうえんにいった). This restaurant is famous for its parent-child bowl「このレストランは親子丼で有名です」(このレストランはおやこどんでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3287

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mail, Flight

Reading

Kanji

便Convenience

Explanation

The Japanese noun '便 (びん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a 'flight' or 'airplane service', often used in the context of scheduled transportation. For example: The next flight to Tokyo is at 3 PM「次の東京行きの便は午後3時です」(つぎのとうきょうゆきのびんはごごさんじです). The second meaning refers to 'mail' or 'postal service', particularly in the context of sending letters or packages. For example: I sent the package by airmail「その小包を航空便で送りました」(そのこづつみをこうくうびんでおくりました). It's important to note that the context in which '便' is used will determine whether it refers to a flight or mail.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chairperson

Reading

Kanji

議Deliberation 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese noun '議長 (ぎちょう)' refers to a 'chairperson' or 'presiding officer', typically in the context of a meeting, assembly, or committee. This person is responsible for leading discussions, maintaining order, and ensuring that procedures are followed. For example: The chairperson opened the meeting「議長が会議を開きました」(ぎちょうがかいぎをひらきました). The chairperson made an important decision「議長は重要な決定をしました」(ぎちょうはじゅうようなけっていをしました). The term is commonly used in formal settings, such as government, corporate, or organizational meetings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3290

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Profit, Revenue

Reading

Kanji

収Obtain 益Profit, Benefit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '収益 (しゅうえき)' refers to financial gain or income generated from business activities, investments, or other sources. It can mean both 'profit' (net gain after expenses) and 'revenue' (total income before expenses), depending on the context. For example: The company's profit increased「会社の収益が増えた」(かいしゃのしゅうえきがふえた). This quarter's revenue exceeded expectations「今期の収益は予想を上回った」(こんきのしゅうえきはよそうをうわまわった). The word is commonly used in business and financial contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3291

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agenda

Reading

Kanji

議Deliberation 題Topic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '議題 (ぎだい)' refers to the topic or subject of discussion, particularly in formal meetings or assemblies. It is commonly used in contexts such as business meetings, conferences, or political discussions. For example: The agenda for today's meeting is set「今日の会議の議題は決まっている」(きょうのかいぎのぎだいはきまっている). Let's add this issue to the agenda「この問題を議題に加えましょう」(このもんだいをぎだにくわえましょう). The word emphasizes the formal nature of the topic being discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3293

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discussion, Speech

Reading

Kanji

言Say 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese noun '言論 (げんろん)' refers to 'speech' or 'discussion', particularly in the context of public expression or debate. It is often used in formal or political contexts to describe the act of expressing opinions or ideas openly. For example: Freedom of speech is important「言論の自由は大切だ」(げんろんのじゆうはたいせつだ). The discussion about the policy was heated「その政策についての言論は白熱した」(そのせいさくについてのげんろんははくねつした). This word is commonly associated with the concept of free speech and intellectual discourse.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3297

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hair

Reading

Kanji

毛Fur

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毛 (け)' refers to 'hair'. This word is used to describe the fine, thread-like strands that grow on the skin of humans and animals. It can refer to hair on the head, body hair, or even the fur of animals. For example: my hair is long「私の毛は長い」(わたしのけはながい). The cat's fur is soft「猫の毛は柔らかい」(ねこのけはやわらかい). It's important to note that '毛 (け)' is often used in compound words to specify different types of hair or fur, such as '頭の毛 (あたまのけ)' (head hair) or '動物の毛 (どうぶつのけ)' (animal fur).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3298

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effort

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手数 (てすう)' refers to the amount of effort, steps, or procedures required to accomplish something. It often implies the complexity or the number of actions needed to achieve a task. For example: This recipe requires a lot of effort「このレシピは手数がかかる」(このレシピはてすうがかかる). Reducing the number of steps in the process「手数を減らす」(てすうをへらす). The word can also be used in contexts where someone goes out of their way to help, implying extra effort or trouble taken on their part.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3299

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thread

Reading

Kanji

糸Thread

Explanation

The Japanese noun '糸 (いと)' primarily means 'thread'. It refers to a thin, flexible strand or filament of material, often used in sewing or weaving. This word can also metaphorically represent something delicate or fine, like a thread of thought or connection. Example sentences: She bought red thread「彼女は赤い糸を買った」(かのじょはあかいいとをかった). The thread broke「糸が切れた」(いとがきれた). In some contexts, '糸' can also refer to strings in musical instruments, but this usage is less common and typically specified further.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3304

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Building, Construction

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care 築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '構築 (こうちく)' refers to the act of constructing or building something, often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. Literally, it can describe the construction of physical structures, such as buildings or systems. Metaphorically, it can refer to the building of abstract concepts, such as relationships, theories, or frameworks. For example: The construction of the new bridge is progressing smoothly「新しい橋の構築が順調に進んでいます」(あたらしいはしのこうちくがじゅんちょうにすすんでいます). Building a strong relationship requires effort「強い関係の構築には努力が必要です」(つよいかんけいのこうちくにはどりょくがひつようです). The word emphasizes the process and effort involved in creating something substantial.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3305

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weight

Reading

Kanji

体Body 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体重 (たいじゅう)' refers to a person's body weight. It is commonly used in contexts related to health, fitness, and medical discussions. For example: I check my weight every morning「毎朝体重を測ります」(まいあさたいじゅうをはかります). Her weight has decreased recently「最近彼女の体重が減りました」(さいきんかのじょのたいじゅうがへりました). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings. It is important to note that '体重' specifically refers to the physical measurement of weight, not metaphorical or abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3306

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Masses

Reading

Kanji

民People, Nation 衆Multitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '民衆 (みんしゅう)' refers to 'the masses' or 'the general public'. It is used to describe a large group of ordinary people, often in the context of society, politics, or history. This term carries a neutral to slightly formal tone and is commonly used in discussions about collective action, public opinion, or societal movements. Example sentences: The masses supported the movement「民衆はその運動を支持した」(みんしゅうはそのうんどうをしじした). The voice of the masses cannot be ignored「民衆の声は無視できない」(みんしゅうのこえはむしできない).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3307

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frog

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'かえる (kaeru)' means 'frog'. This word refers to the amphibian animal known for its jumping ability and croaking sound. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can also appear in children's stories or nature-related contexts. For example: there is a frog in the pond「池にかえるがいる」(いけにかえるがいる). The frog is jumping「かえるが跳んでいる」(かえるがとんでいる). Additionally, 'かえる' can sometimes be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, but its primary meaning remains the animal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3311

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continent

Reading

Kanji

大Big 陸Land

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大陸 (たいりく)' means 'continent'. It refers to a large, continuous landmass on Earth, such as Asia, Africa, or North America. This term is often used in geographical or scientific contexts. For example: Asia is the largest continent「アジアは一番大きい大陸です」(アジアはいちばんおおきいたいりくです). The continent of Africa is rich in resources「アフリカ大陸は資源が豊かです」(アフリカたいりくはしげんがゆたかです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something vast or expansive, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3313

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 房Tassel, Chamber

Explanation

The Japanese noun '女房 (にょうぼう)' refers to one's wife. It is an old-fashioned and somewhat formal term, often used in historical or literary contexts. In modern Japanese, it is less commonly used in everyday conversation, where '妻 (つま)' or '奥さん (おくさん)' are more typical. However, it can still be found in traditional settings or when referring to someone else's wife in a respectful manner. Example sentences: His wife is very kind「彼の女房はとても優しい」(かれのにょうぼうはとてもやさしい). The lord's wife lived in the castle「殿様の女房は城に住んでいた」(とのさまのにょうぼうはしろにすんでいた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3314

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gender

Reading

Kanji

性Gender, Sex 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '性別 (せいべつ)' refers to 'gender', specifically the classification of individuals as male, female, or other. It is commonly used in contexts discussing identity, demographics, or social issues. For example: What is your gender?「あなたの性別は何ですか？」(あなたのせいべつはなんですか？). Gender equality is important「性別の平等は大切です」(せいべつのびょうどうはたいせつです). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3317

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Two

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ツー (つー)' is a loanword derived from English, meaning 'two'. It is often used in contexts related to sports, games, or casual conversations to refer to the number two. For example: the score is two to one「スコアはツー対ワンです」(すこあはつーたいわんです). In golf, it can refer to a 'two-putt': he made a two-putt「彼はツーパットを決めた」(かれはつーぱっとをきめた). This term is typically used in informal or specific contexts, such as sports commentary or casual counting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3319

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soy sauce

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'しょうゆ' (shouyu) refers to 'soy sauce', a common condiment in Japanese cuisine made from fermented soybeans, wheat, salt, and water. It is used to flavor a wide variety of dishes, including sushi, noodles, and grilled meats. Example sentences: Please pass the soy sauce「しょうゆを取ってください」(しょうゆをとってください). This dish needs more soy sauce「この料理はもっとしょうゆが必要です」(このりょうりはもっとしょうゆがひつようです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3325

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boy

Reading

Kanji

坊Boy, Sonny

Explanation

The Japanese noun '坊 (ぼう)' is a colloquial term that typically refers to a young boy or a son. It is often used affectionately or informally, and can sometimes carry a slightly playful or teasing tone. For example: my son is a good boy「うちの坊はいい子だ」(うちのぼうはいいこだ). That boy is very energetic「あの坊はとても元気だ」(あのぼうはとてもげんきだ). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '坊ちゃん (ぼっちゃん)', which means 'young master' or 'son of a wealthy family'. It's important to note that while '坊' can be used to refer to boys, it is not as formal as '少年 (しょうねん)' or '男の子 (おとこのこ)', and is more commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3326

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandchild

Reading

Kanji

孫Grandchildren

Explanation

The Japanese noun '孫 (まご)' means 'grandchild'. It refers to the child of one's son or daughter. This term is used in family contexts to denote the generational relationship. For example: my grandchild is cute「私の孫はかわいい」(わたしのまごはかわいい). I love spending time with my grandchildren「孫と過ごす時間が大好きです」(まごとすごすじかんがだいすきです). The term can be used for both male and female grandchildren and is a common word in family-related conversations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3331

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Benefit, Payment

Reading

Kanji

給Supply, Salary 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '給付 (きゅうふ)' refers to a benefit or payment provided, often in the context of social welfare, insurance, or compensation. It is commonly used in formal or official settings to describe financial support or services provided to individuals. For example: The company provides health insurance benefits「会社は健康保険の給付を提供します」(かいしゃはけんこうほけんのきゅうふをていきょうします). The government increased unemployment benefits「政府は失業給付を増やしました」(せいふはしつぎょうきゅうふをふやしました). Note that '給付' is often paired with specific types of benefits, such as '医療給付 (いりょうきゅうふ)' (medical benefits) or '失業給付 (しつぎょうきゅうふ)' (unemployment benefits).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3335

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plate

Reading

Kanji

皿Plate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '皿 (さら)' refers to a 'plate', which is a flat dish used for serving food. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as dining or cooking. For example: Please wash the plate「皿を洗ってください」(さらをあらってください). The plate is broken「皿が割れている」(さらがわれている). It can also be used in compound words, such as 'お皿 (おさら)' which is a more polite or formal way to refer to a plate. The word is straightforward and primarily used to describe the physical object.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3336

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New year

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '正月 (しょうがつ)' refers to the 'New Year' period, specifically the first few days of January. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is associated with various traditions, celebrations, and customs. During this time, people often visit shrines, eat special foods like 'おせち料理 (おせちりょうり)', and spend time with family. Example sentences include: We celebrate New Year in Japan「日本では正月を祝います」(にほんではしょうがつをいわいます). I will visit my grandparents during New Year「正月に祖父母を訪ねます」(しょうがつにそふぼをたずねます). The atmosphere during New Year is very festive「正月の雰囲気はとてもお祭り気分です」(しょうがつのふんいきはとてもおまつりきぶんです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3337

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Style, Format

Reading

Kanji

様Way, Form 式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese noun '様式 (ようしき)' can mean 'style' or 'format', depending on the context. When referring to 'style', it often describes a particular manner, method, or artistic approach. For example: This painting has a unique style「この絵は独特の様式を持っている」(このえはどくとくのようしきをもっている). When referring to 'format', it is used to describe the structure or arrangement of something, such as documents or systems. For example: Please follow the specified format「指定された様式に従ってください」(していされたようしきにしたがってください). The word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts, including art, design, and administrative procedures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3338

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Horizon

Reading

Kanji

水Water 平Flat 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水平線 (すいへいせん)' refers to the 'horizon', the line where the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet. It is commonly used in contexts related to nature, travel, and scenery. For example: The sun is setting on the horizon「水平線に太陽が沈んでいる」(すいへいせんにたいようがしずんでいる). The ship disappeared beyond the horizon「船が水平線の向こうに消えた」(ふねがすいへいせんのむこうにきえた). This word is often used in poetic or descriptive language to evoke a sense of vastness or distance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3339

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sudden illness

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent 病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '急病 (きゅうびょう)' means 'sudden illness.' It refers to an illness that occurs abruptly and requires immediate attention. This word is often used in contexts where someone falls sick unexpectedly and needs prompt medical care. For example: He had a sudden illness and was taken to the hospital 「彼は急病で病院に運ばれた」 (かれはきゅうびょうでびょういんにはこばれた). Due to a sudden illness, the meeting was canceled 「急病のため、会議は中止された」 (きゅうびょうのため、かいぎはちゅうしされた). This term is commonly used in medical or formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3344

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scientist

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department 学Learn 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '科学者 (かがくしゃ)' means 'scientist'. It refers to a person who is engaged in and has expert knowledge of a science, such as physics, chemistry, biology, or any other field of scientific study. This term is commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts. For example: He is a famous scientist「彼は有名な科学者です」(かれはゆうめいなかがくしゃです). Many scientists are researching climate change「多くの科学者が気候変動を研究しています」(おおくのかがくしゃがきこうへんどうをけんきゅうしています). The word is neutral and can refer to scientists of any gender or specialization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3345

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Atom

Reading

Kanji

原Meadow, Original 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原子 (げんし)' refers to an 'atom', the basic unit of matter in chemistry and physics. This term is used in scientific contexts to describe the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains its properties. For example: Atoms are the building blocks of matter「原子は物質の基本単位です」(げんしはぶっしつのきほんたんいです). The nucleus is at the center of the atom「原子核は原子の中心にあります」(げんしかくはげんしのちゅうしんにあります). The word is commonly used in fields like physics, chemistry, and engineering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3346

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Author

Reading

Kanji

筆Brush 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '筆者 (ひっしゃ)' refers to the 'author' or 'writer' of a written work, such as a book, article, or essay. It is a formal term often used in academic or literary contexts to denote the person who has written a particular text. For example: The author of this book is famous「この本の筆者は有名です」(このほんのひっしゃはゆうめいです). The author expressed their opinion clearly「筆者は自分の意見をはっきりと述べた」(ひっしゃはじぶんのいけんをはっきりのべた). This term is typically used in third-person references and is not used to refer to oneself as the author.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3347

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Department, Subject

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学科 (がっか)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'subject', referring to a specific field of study or academic discipline, such as mathematics or history. The second meaning is 'department', referring to an academic division within a school or university, such as the Department of Engineering. For example: My favorite subject is science「私の好きな学科は科学です」(わたしのすきながっかはかがくです). She works in the English department「彼女は英語学科で働いています」(かのじょはえいごがっかではたらいています). The word is commonly used in educational contexts to describe both the field of study and the organizational unit within an institution.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3348

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self defense

Reading

Kanji

自Self 衛Protect, Defense

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自衛 (じえい)' means 'self-defense'. It refers to the act of protecting oneself from harm or danger, often used in contexts related to personal safety, military defense, or legal rights. For example: self-defense is a basic human right「自衛は基本的な人権です」(じえいはきほんてきなじんけんです). The country strengthened its self-defense capabilities「その国は自衛能力を強化した」(そのくにはじえいのうりょくをきょうかした). This term is commonly used in discussions about national security, martial arts, or personal safety measures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3349

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dentistry

Reading

Kanji

歯Tooth 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歯科 (しか)' refers to the field of dentistry. It is commonly used in contexts related to dental care, dental clinics, or dental professionals. For example: I went to the dentistry「歯科に行きました」(しかにいきました). She works in dentistry「彼女は歯科で働いています」(かのじょはしかではたらいています). The term is often seen in compound words like '歯科医 (しかい)' (dentist) or '歯科医院 (しかいいん)' (dental clinic).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3350

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cup

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'カップ (kappu)' refers to a 'cup', typically a drinking vessel. It is often used to describe cups used for beverages, such as coffee cups or tea cups. The word is borrowed from English and is written in katakana to reflect its foreign origin. Example sentences: Please give me a cup of coffee「コーヒーのカップをください」(コーヒーのカップをください). She bought a new cup「彼女は新しいカップを買った」(かのじょはあたらしいカップをかった). Note that 'カップ' can also refer to a cup as a unit of measurement in cooking, but this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3351

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monkey

Reading

Kanji

猿Monkey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '猿 (さる)' refers to a monkey. This word is commonly used to describe primates, particularly those found in Japan, such as the Japanese macaque. It can be used in various contexts, from literal descriptions of animals to metaphorical expressions. For example: The monkey is eating a banana「猿がバナナを食べている」(さるがバナナをたべている). There are many monkeys in the mountains「山には猿が多い」(やまにはさるがおおい). In Japanese culture, monkeys are sometimes associated with mischief or cleverness, and they appear in folklore and proverbs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3352

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ordinary, Average

Reading

Kanji

並Line, Row

Explanation

The Japanese noun '並み (なみ)' can mean 'average' or 'ordinary'. It is often used to describe something that is standard, typical, or not exceptional. For example: This is an average salary「これは並みの給料です」(これはなみのきゅうりょうです). Her skills are ordinary「彼女のスキルは並みです」(かのじょのスキルはなみです). The word can also be used to describe things that are lined up or arranged in a row, such as '並みの木 (なみのき) (a row of trees)'. However, the primary usage is to indicate something that is neither outstanding nor inferior, but rather in the middle range.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3353

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line

Reading

Kanji

列File

Explanation

The Japanese noun '列 (れつ)' primarily means 'line' or 'queue'. It refers to a sequence of people, objects, or things arranged in a straight or orderly manner. This word is commonly used in contexts such as waiting in line, forming a queue, or describing a row of items. For example: Please stand in line「列に並んでください」(れつにならんでください). There is a long line at the store「お店に長い列があります」(おみせにながいれつがあります). Additionally, '列' can also refer to a column or row in a table or chart, as in 'the first column of the table'「表の最初の列」(ひょうのさいしょのれつ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3354

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Air conditioner

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'エアコン (eakon)' is a shortened form of 'エアコンディショナー (eakondishonā)', which means 'air conditioner'. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation to refer to both cooling and heating systems. It is a loanword from English, reflecting the widespread use of air conditioning in Japan. For example: The aircon is broken「エアコンが壊れた」(えあこんがこわれた). Please turn on the aircon「エアコンをつけてください」(えあこんをつけてください). The word is often used in both residential and commercial contexts, and it is a crucial term to know for discussing comfort and climate control in Japanese settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3355

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Natural science

Reading

Kanji

自Self 然Sort of thing, In that case 科Section, Department 学Learn

Explanation

TheJapanese noun'自然科学(しぜんかがく)'means'naturalscience'.Thistermreferstothebranchofsciencethatdealswiththephysicalworld,includingphysics,chemistry,biology,andearthsciences.Itisusedtodescribethestudyofnaturalphenomenaandthelawsthatgovernthem.Forexample:Heisstudyingnaturalscienceatuniversity「彼は大学で自然科学を勉強しています」(かれはだいがくでしぜんかがくをべんきょうしています).Naturalsciencehelpsusunderstandtheenvironment「自然科学は環境を理解するのに役立ちます」(しぜんかがくはかんきょうをりかいするのにやくだちます).Thiswordisoftenusedinacademicorformalsettings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3356

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Humanities

Reading

Kanji

人Person 文Sentence 科Section, Department 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人文科学 (じんぶんかがく)' refers to the academic discipline of the humanities, which includes the study of human culture, history, literature, philosophy, and art. It is often contrasted with the natural sciences (自然科学, しぜんかがく). For example: I study humanities at university「私は大学で人文科学を勉強しています」(わたしはだいがくでじんぶんかがくをべんきょうしています). The humanities are important for understanding human culture「人文科学は人間の文化を理解するために重要です」(じんぶんかがくはにんげんのぶんかをりかいするためにじゅうようです). This term is commonly used in academic and educational contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3357

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Social science

Reading

Kanji

社Company 会Meet 科Section, Department 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '社会科学 (しゃかいかがく)' refers to 'social science', which is the academic study of human society and social relationships. This term encompasses disciplines such as sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, and psychology. It is used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts to discuss the systematic study of human behavior and societal structures. For example: Social science is important for understanding society「社会科学は社会を理解するために重要です」(しゃかいかがくはしゃかいをりかいするためにじゅうようです). She is studying social science at university「彼女は大学で社会科学を勉強しています」(かのじょはだいがくでしゃかいかがくをべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Branch

Reading

Kanji

枝Branch

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枝 (えだ)' refers to a 'branch' of a tree or plant. It is used to describe the part of a tree that grows out from the trunk or another branch, often bearing leaves, flowers, or fruit. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe branches of a family, organization, or other structures. For example: The bird is sitting on the branch「鳥が枝に止まっている」(とりがえだにとまっている). The tree has many branches「その木にはたくさんの枝がある」(そのきにはたくさんのえだがある). In a metaphorical sense, it can be used as in 'the branch of a company'「会社の枝」(かいしゃのえだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3360

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shirt

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'シャツ (shatsu)' refers to a 'shirt'. This word is commonly used to describe a piece of clothing worn on the upper body, typically with sleeves, a collar, and buttons down the front. It is often used in casual and formal contexts. For example: I bought a new shirt「新しいシャツを買いました」(あたらしいシャツをかいました). He is wearing a white shirt「彼は白いシャツを着ています」(かれはしろいシャツをきています). Note that 'シャツ' is a loanword from English, and its usage is similar to the English word 'shirt'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3361

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Life and death

Reading

Kanji

生Life 死Death

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生死 (せいし)' refers to the concepts of 'life and death' as a combined idea. It is often used in philosophical, medical, or dramatic contexts to discuss the boundary or transition between life and death. For example: The doctor fought for the patient's life and death「医者は患者の生死をかけて戦った」(いしゃはかんじゃのせいしをかけてたたかった). The samurai faced life and death in battle「侍は戦いで生死をかけた」(さむらいはたたかいでせいしをかけた). This word is commonly used in serious or profound discussions, emphasizing the gravity of the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3362

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temperature

Reading

Kanji

温Warm 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '温度 (おんど)' refers to the degree of heat or coldness of an object or environment. It is commonly used in scientific, everyday, and weather-related contexts. For example: the temperature is high today「今日は温度が高い」(きょうはおんどがたかい). Please measure the temperature of the water「水の温度を測ってください」(みずのおんどをはかってください). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the 'temperature' of a situation, such as the mood or atmosphere, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3363

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Latter

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後者 (こうしゃ)' means 'the latter'. It is used to refer to the second of two things or options that have been mentioned. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to compare or contrast two items. For example: Between tea and coffee, I prefer the latter「紅茶とコーヒーのうち、後者が好きです」(こうちゃとコーヒーのうち、こうしゃがすきです). When discussing two options, the latter is usually the second one mentioned. Another example: Between studying and working, the latter is more important to me now「勉強と仕事のうち、後者の方が今は重要です」(べんきょうとしごとのうち、こうしゃのほうがいまはじゅうようです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3364

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trouble

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'トラブル (とらぶる)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'trouble'. It refers to problems, difficulties, or conflicts that arise in various situations. This word is commonly used in contexts such as technical issues, interpersonal conflicts, or unexpected complications. For example: I had trouble with my computer「パソコンでトラブルがあった」(ぱそこんでとらぶるがあった). They are having relationship troubles「彼らは恋愛トラブルを抱えている」(かれらはれんあいとらぶるをかかえている). Note that 'トラブル' is often used in formal and informal settings alike, and it carries a neutral to slightly negative connotation depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3368

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Media

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'マスコミ (ますこみ)' is an abbreviation of 'マスコミュニケーション (ますこみゅにけーしょん)', which refers to 'mass communication'. It is commonly used to describe the mass media, including television, newspapers, radio, and other forms of communication that reach a large audience. The term often carries a neutral or slightly critical connotation, depending on the context, as it can imply the influence or manipulation by media. Example sentences: The media influences public opinion「マスコミは世論に影響を与える」(ますこみはよろんにえいきょうをあたえる). I don't trust the media「私はマスコミを信用しない」(わたしはますこみをしんようしない).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3369

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Liquor store

Reading

Kanji

酒Alcohol, Sake 屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese noun '酒屋 (さかや)' refers to a store that sells alcoholic beverages, particularly sake, but also other types of alcohol like beer, wine, and spirits. It is a common type of shop in Japan, often found in residential neighborhoods. For example: I bought sake at the liquor store「酒屋で日本酒を買いました」(さかやでにほんしゅをかいました). The liquor store is closed today「酒屋は今日休みです」(さかやはきょうやすみです). This word is specific to the retail establishment and does not refer to bars or drinking establishments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3374

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exclusion, Elimination

Reading

Kanji

排Exclude, Repudiate 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese noun '排除 (はいじょ)' refers to the act of excluding or eliminating something or someone. It is often used in contexts where something is removed or kept out, whether physically, socially, or conceptually. For example: the exclusion of harmful substances「有害物質の排除」(ゆうがいぶっしつのはいじょ). The elimination of outdated rules「古い規則の排除」(ふるいきそくのはいじょ). This word can be used in various contexts, such as social exclusion, elimination of waste, or removal of obstacles.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3379

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knowledge

Reading

Kanji

存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ご存じ (ごぞんじ)' is a polite form of '知っている (しっている)', meaning 'knowledge' or 'awareness'. It is often used in formal or respectful contexts to refer to someone's knowledge or awareness of something. For example: Do you know Mr. Tanaka?「田中さんをご存じですか？」(たなかさんをごぞんじですか？). I am aware of that matter「その件はご存じです」(そのけんはごぞんじです). This term is commonly used in business or formal conversations to show respect to the listener or the person being discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3384

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sheet

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'シート (shiito)' refers to a 'sheet', which can be a flat piece of material such as paper, fabric, or plastic. It is commonly used in various contexts, such as a bed sheet, a sheet of paper, or a seat cover. For example: Please hand me a sheet of paper「紙のシートをください」(かみのシートをください). The seat has a new sheet「シートに新しいカバーがついています」(シートにあたらしいカバーがついています). The word is borrowed from English and is widely understood in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3386

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overwhelm

Reading

Kanji

圧Pressure 倒Topple, Overthrow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '圧倒 (あっとう)' means 'overwhelm'. It refers to a state or action of being overwhelmingly superior or dominant in a particular situation. This word is often used to describe situations where one side has a significant advantage over the other, such as in sports, competitions, or even in emotional contexts. For example: The team's performance was overwhelming「チームのパフォーマンスは圧倒的だった」(チームのパフォーマンスはあっとうてきだった). She was overwhelmed by the beauty of the scenery「彼女は景色の美しさに圧倒された」(かのじょはけしきのうつくしさにあっとうされた). The word can also be used to describe a feeling of being overwhelmed by emotions or circumstances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3387

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Authority

Reading

Kanji

権Rights, Authority 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '権限 (けんげん)' refers to 'authority' or 'power' granted to someone to perform specific actions or make decisions. It is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as in organizations, governments, or legal settings. For example: He has the authority to make decisions「彼は決定する権限を持っている」(かれはけっていするけんげんをもっている). The manager's authority was limited「マネージャーの権限は限られていた」(マネージャーのけんげんはかぎられていた). This word emphasizes the official or legal capacity to act, rather than personal influence or power.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3390

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unit

Reading

Kanji

部Section, Department 隊Squad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部隊 (ぶたい)' refers to a military or organizational unit, typically used in the context of armed forces or groups with a specific purpose. It can describe a division, squad, or team within a larger organization. For example: The special forces unit was deployed「特殊部隊が展開された」(とくしゅぶたいがてんかいされた). The rescue unit arrived quickly「救助部隊がすぐに到着した」(きゅうじょぶたいがすぐにとうちゃくした). This word is often used in formal or military contexts and carries a sense of structure and organization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3393

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pocket

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ポケット (poketto)' means 'pocket'. It refers to a small bag sewn into or on clothing, used for carrying small items. This word is a loanword from English and is commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: I put my keys in my pocket「鍵をポケットに入れた」(かぎをポケットにいれた). His pocket is full of coins「彼のポケットはコインでいっぱいだ」(かれのポケットはコインでいっぱいだ). The word is often used in contexts related to clothing, storage, or carrying small items.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3394

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soldier

Reading

Kanji

兵Soldier 士Samurai

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兵士 (へいし)' means 'soldier'. It refers to a person who serves in an army or military force. This term is neutral and can be used to describe soldiers in any context, whether historical, modern, or fictional. For example: The soldier fought bravely「兵士は勇敢に戦った」(へいしはゆうかんにたたかった). Many soldiers were injured in the battle「多くの兵士が戦闘で負傷した」(おおくのへいしがせんとうでふしょうした). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3401

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Courage

Reading

Kanji

勇Brave 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勇気 (ゆうき)' means 'courage'. It refers to the mental or moral strength to face danger, fear, or difficulty. This word is often used in contexts where someone overcomes fear or takes a bold step despite challenges. For example: He showed great courage「彼は大きな勇気を見せた」(かれはおおきなゆうきをみせた). It takes courage to speak the truth「真実を話すには勇気がいる」(しんじつをはなすにはゆうきがいる). The word can also be used in phrases like '勇気を出す (ゆうきをだす)', which means 'to muster courage'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3403

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Front, Major

Reading

Kanji

大Big 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大手 (おおて)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to something that is major or large-scale, often used in the context of companies or organizations. For example: a major company「大手の会社」(おおてのかいしゃ). The second meaning refers to the front or main entrance of a castle or large building. For example: the front gate of the castle「城の大手門」(しろのおおてもん). It's important to note that the context in which '大手' is used will determine which meaning is intended. In business contexts, it almost always refers to something major or large-scale, while in historical or architectural contexts, it refers to the front or main entrance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3406

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Individuality

Reading

Kanji

個Individual 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '個性 (こせい)' refers to 'individuality' or the unique characteristics that distinguish one person or thing from others. It is often used in contexts discussing personal traits, creativity, or the distinct qualities of a person or object. For example: She has a strong individuality「彼女は強い個性を持っている」(かのじょはつよいこせいをもっている). This artist's work reflects his individuality「このアーティストの作品は彼の個性を反映している」(このアーティストのさくひんはかれのこせいをはんえいしている). The word is commonly used in educational, artistic, and professional settings to emphasize the importance of uniqueness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3407

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Village

Reading

Kanji

農Agriculture 村Village

Explanation

The Japanese noun '農村 (のうそん)' refers to a 'village' or 'rural area', specifically one that is primarily focused on agriculture. This term is often used to describe small, countryside communities where farming is the main occupation. It carries a connotation of simplicity and traditional lifestyle, contrasting with urban areas. For example: I grew up in a rural village「私は農村で育ちました」(わたしはのうそんでそだちました). The rural village is surrounded by fields「その農村は畑に囲まれている」(そののうそんははたけにかこまれている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3408

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Memory

Reading

Kanji

思Think 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '思い出 (おもいで)' means 'memory' or 'recollection'. It refers to something remembered from the past, often with a sense of nostalgia or emotional significance. This word is commonly used to describe cherished or meaningful memories. For example: This photo brings back memories「この写真は思い出を呼び起こす」(このしゃしんはおもいでをよびおこす). I have many fond memories of my childhood「私は子供時代の思い出がたくさんある」(わたしはこどもじだいのおもいでがたくさんある). The word can also be used in phrases like '思い出話 (おもいでばなし)' (a story about memories) or '思い出の場所 (おもいでのばしょ)' (a place full of memories).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3410

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chief

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 官Government, Bureaucrat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '長官 (ちょうかん)' refers to a high-ranking official or chief, typically in a government or organizational context. It is often used to denote someone in a leadership or administrative position, such as the head of a ministry or department. For example: The chief of the police department「警察庁の長官」(けいさつちょうのちょうかん). The minister is the chief of the ministry「大臣は省の長官です」(だいじんはしょうのちょうかんです). This term carries a formal tone and is commonly used in official or bureaucratic settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3412

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Government, Office

Reading

Kanji

役Duty 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '役所 (やくしょ)' refers to a government office or administrative building where official business is conducted. It is commonly used to describe local government offices, such as city halls or municipal offices, where services like issuing documents, handling taxes, or providing public information are carried out. For example: I went to the city office to submit documents「役所に書類を提出しに行きました」(やくしょにしょるいをていしゅつにいきました). The government office is closed on weekends「役所は週末に閉まっています」(やくしょはしゅうまつにしまっています). Note that while '役所' often refers to local government offices, it can also broadly refer to any government administrative body.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3413

Composition

kanji

Handwriting