Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Gather

Reading

Kanji

寄Draw near 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寄り集まる (よりあつまる)' means 'to gather' or 'to come together'. It is used to describe people or things coming together in one place, often implying a sense of unity or collective action. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as people gathering for a meeting, birds flocking together, or even abstract ideas converging. For example: The students gathered in the classroom「学生たちが教室に寄り集まった」(がくせいたちがきょうしつによりあつまった). The birds gathered on the tree「鳥たちが木に寄り集まった」(とりたちがきによりあつまった). The verb often carries a nuance of natural or spontaneous gathering rather than a forced or organized one.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6762

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tear

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ちぎる (chigiru)' means 'to tear' or 'to rip'. It is used when referring to the action of tearing something apart, such as paper, fabric, or food. For example: I tore the paper「紙をちぎった」(かみをちぎった). She tore the bread into pieces「彼女はパンをちぎった」(かのじょはパンをちぎった). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe breaking or severing relationships or connections. It's important to note that 'ちぎる' often implies a deliberate or forceful action.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

6765

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hug

Reading

Kanji

抱Hug, Embrace 締Tighten, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese verb '抱き締める (だきしめる)' means 'to hug tightly' or 'to embrace firmly'. It conveys a sense of holding someone or something closely, often with strong emotion such as love, comfort, or relief. This verb is commonly used in situations where the act of hugging is more intense or heartfelt than a casual hug. For example: She hugged her child tightly「彼女は子供を抱き締めた」(かのじょはこどもをだきしめた). He hugged his friend tightly after a long time「彼は久しぶりに友達を抱き締めた」(かれはひさしぶりにともだちをだきしめた). The verb emphasizes the physical and emotional closeness of the action.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6781

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cut, Sever

Reading

Kanji

断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verb '断つ (たつ)' primarily means 'to cut' or 'to sever'. It is used to describe the act of cutting something off or discontinuing it, often in a decisive or final manner. This verb can be applied to physical actions, such as cutting a rope, or abstract actions, such as breaking a habit or ending a relationship. For example: He decided to cut ties with his old friends「彼は古い友人との関係を断つことにした」(かれはふるいゆうじんとかんけいをたつことにした). She quit smoking「彼女はタバコを断った」(かのじょはタバコをたった). The nuance of '断つ' often implies a deliberate and sometimes difficult decision to end or stop something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6782

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adjacent

Reading

Kanji

隣Neighbor, Neighbouring 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '隣り合う (となりあう)' means 'to be adjacent' or 'to be next to each other'. It is used to describe things or people that are situated side by side or in close proximity. This verb often implies a sense of closeness or connection between the subjects. For example: The two houses are adjacent「その二つの家は隣り合っている」(そのふたつのいえはとなりあっている). The seats are next to each other「席が隣り合っている」(せきがとなりあっている). Note that this verb is commonly used in contexts where the relationship or positioning of two or more items is being described.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6786

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cross

Reading

Kanji

横Sideways 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '横切る (よこぎる)' means 'to cross' or 'to go across'. It is used to describe the action of moving from one side of something to the other, such as crossing a street, a room, or a field. This verb often implies a horizontal or lateral movement. For example: The cat crossed the street「猫が道を横切った」(ねこがみちをよこぎった). A bird flew across the sky「鳥が空を横切った」(とりがそらをよこぎった). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when something interrupts or cuts across a situation or conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6788

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Damage, Stir fry

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'いためる (itameru)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to stir-fry', which is used in cooking to describe the process of frying ingredients quickly in a small amount of oil over high heat. For example: I will stir-fry vegetables「野菜をいためます」(やさいをいためます). The second meaning is 'to damage' or 'to harm', which is used to describe causing physical or emotional harm to something or someone. For example: The storm damaged the house「嵐が家をいためた」(あらしがいえをいためた). It's important to note that the context in which the verb is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

6805

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inhale

Reading

Kanji

吸Inhale, Suck 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '吸い込む (すいこむ)' primarily means 'to inhale' or 'to suck in'. It is used to describe the action of drawing something in, such as air, smoke, or even abstract concepts like emotions. For example: She inhaled the fresh air deeply「彼女は新鮮な空気を深く吸い込んだ」(かのじょはしんせんなくうきをふかくすいこんだ). The vacuum cleaner sucked in all the dust「掃除機がすべてのほこりを吸い込んだ」(そうじきがすべてのほこりをすいこんだ). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when describing being absorbed or engrossed in something, like a story or a situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6806

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Catchup

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '追い付く (おいつく)' means 'to catch up'. This verb is used when someone or something reaches the same level, position, or status as another after being behind. It can be used in both physical and metaphorical contexts. For example: I finally caught up with my friend「やっと友達に追い付いた」(やっとともだちにおいついた). The company is trying to catch up with its competitors「その会社は競合他社に追い付こうとしている」(そのかいしゃはきょうごうたしゃにおいつこうとしている). Note that this verb often implies effort or time was required to reach the same point.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6825

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Insert, Pierce

Reading

Kanji

差Difference 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '差し込む (さしこむ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to insert,' which refers to placing something into a space or slot, such as inserting a key into a lock. For example: He inserted the key into the lock「彼は鍵を差し込んだ」(かれはかぎをさしこんだ). The second meaning is 'to pierce,' which describes something penetrating or passing through, often with force or intensity. For example: The sunlight pierced through the clouds「日光が雲を差し込んだ」(にっこうがくもをさしこんだ). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as describing pain or emotions piercing through someone. For example: A sharp pain pierced his chest「鋭い痛みが胸を差し込んだ」(するどいいたみがむねをさしこんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6826

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hesitate

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ためらう (tamerau)' means 'to hesitate'. It is used to describe a moment of uncertainty or reluctance before taking an action or making a decision. This verb often conveys a sense of internal conflict or doubt. For example: She hesitated before answering「彼女は答える前にためらった」(かのじょはこたえるまえにためらった). He hesitated to ask for help「彼は助けを求めるのをためらった」(かれはたすけをもとめるのをためらった). The verb can be used in various contexts, such as emotional, physical, or decision-making situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

6827

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collapse, Be ruined

Reading

Kanji

潰Defile

Explanation

The Japanese verb '潰れる (つぶれる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'collapse', which refers to something physically breaking down or losing its shape, such as a building or an object. For example: the box collapsed under the weight「箱が重みで潰れた」(はこがおもみでつぶれた). The second meaning is 'be ruined', which refers to plans, businesses, or opportunities being destroyed or failing. For example: the business was ruined due to poor management「経営が悪くて会社が潰れた」(けいえいがわるくてかいしゃがつぶれた). This verb is often used in contexts where something is destroyed or rendered useless, either physically or metaphorically.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6828

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tear

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ちぎれる' means 'to tear' or 'to be torn'. It describes the action of something being ripped or torn apart, often unintentionally. This verb is commonly used when referring to materials like paper, fabric, or other thin objects that can be easily torn. For example: The paper tore「紙がちぎれた」(かみがちぎれた). The sleeve of my shirt tore「シャツの袖がちぎれた」(シャツのそでがちぎれた). Note that 'ちぎれる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it focuses on the state of the object being torn rather than the action of tearing it.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

6829

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spit, Discharge

Reading

Kanji

吐Spit, Spew 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '吐き出す (はきだす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to spit out', which can refer to physically expelling something from the mouth, such as food or liquid. For example: he spit out the bitter medicine「彼は苦い薬を吐き出した」(かれはにがいくすりをはきだした). The second meaning is 'to discharge' or 'to emit', which can refer to releasing substances, gases, or even emotions. For example: the factory discharges waste into the river「工場は川に廃棄物を吐き出す」(こうじょうはかわにはいきぶつをはきだす). This verb is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday and technical language.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6841

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fit, Apply

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '当てはまる (あてはまる)' means 'to apply' or 'to fit'. It is used to describe a situation where something corresponds to or matches a certain condition, rule, or description. For example: This rule applies to everyone「このルールは全員に当てはまる」(このルールはぜんいんにあてはまる). The description fits him perfectly「その説明は彼にぴったり当てはまる」(そのせつめいはかれにぴったりあてはまる). The verb is often used in contexts where a general rule or condition is being applied to a specific case or individual.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6854

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bring close

Reading

Kanji

近Near 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '近付ける (ちかづける)' means 'to bring something or someone closer.' It is used when the action of moving an object or a person closer to another thing or person is performed by the subject. Example: He brought the chair closer to the table 「彼は椅子をテーブルに近付けた」 (かれはいすをテーブルにちかづけた). Please move the vase closer to the window 「花瓶を窓に近付けてください」 (かびんをまどにちかづけてください). This verb can also be used metaphorically, as in 'to bring people closer together,' for example: She brought the two teams closer together 「彼女は2つのチームを近付けた」 (かのじょはふたつのチームをちかづけた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6855

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refund

Reading

Kanji

払Pay, Drive away 戻Return

Explanation

The Japanese verb '払い戻す (はらいもどす)' means 'to refund' or 'to return money'. It is commonly used in situations where money is returned to a customer, such as after canceling a purchase or service. For example: The store refunded the money「店がお金を払い戻した」(みせがおかねをはらいもどした). I got a refund for the ticket「チケットの払い戻しを受けた」(チケットのはらいもどしをうけた). This verb is often used in formal or business contexts, and it implies a process of returning funds that were previously paid.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6857

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lay

Reading

Kanji

寝Lie down, Go to sleep

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寝かす (ねかす)' means 'to lay something/someone down' or 'to put something/someone to sleep'. It is often used when referring to laying a child or an object down, such as placing a baby in a crib or setting something flat. For example: I laid the baby down in the crib「赤ちゃんをベッドに寝かした」(あかちゃんをベッドにねかした). She laid the book on the table「彼女は本をテーブルに寝かした」(かのじょはほんをテーブルにねかした). Additionally, '寝かす' can also be used metaphorically, such as letting dough rest or allowing an idea to mature. For example: Let the dough rest for an hour「生地を1時間寝かす」(きじを1じかんねかす).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6858

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oversleep

Reading

Kanji

寝Lie down, Go to sleep 過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寝過ごす (ねすごす)' means 'to oversleep'. It is used when someone sleeps longer than intended, often resulting in missing an important event or being late. This verb is commonly used in daily conversations to describe situations where someone accidentally sleeps past their alarm or intended wake-up time. For example: I overslept and missed the train「寝過ごして電車に乗り遅れた」(ねすごしてでんしゃにのりおくれた). He overslept and was late for work「彼は寝過ごして仕事に遅れた」(かれはねすごしてしごとにおくれた). The verb is a combination of '寝る (ねる)' (to sleep) and '過ごす (すごす)' (to spend time), emphasizing the unintended extension of sleep.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6859

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lay

Reading

Kanji

寝Lie down, Go to sleep

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寝かせる (ねかせる)' means 'to lay something/someone down' or 'to put something/someone to sleep'. It is often used when referring to putting a child to bed or laying an object down carefully. For example: I laid the baby down to sleep「赤ちゃんを寝かせた」(あかちゃんをねかせた). She laid the book on the table「彼女は本をテーブルに寝かせた」(かのじょはほんをテーブルにねかせた). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as letting an idea or plan 'rest' or 'sit' for a while before acting on it.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6862

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lie

Reading

Kanji

寝Lie down, Go to sleep 転Revolve

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寝転ぶ (ねころぶ)' means 'to lie down' or 'to recline'. It specifically refers to the action of lying down in a relaxed or casual manner, often on a flat surface like the floor or a bed. This verb is commonly used in informal contexts to describe someone lying down comfortably. For example: I like to lie down on the grass「私は芝生に寝転ぶのが好きです」(わたしはしばふにねころぶのがすきです). He lay down on the sofa and fell asleep「彼はソファに寝転んで寝てしまった」(かれはソファにねころんでねてしまった). Note that this verb implies a sense of ease or relaxation, unlike more formal or specific terms for lying down.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6863

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tilt

Reading

Kanji

傾Incline, Lean

Explanation

The Japanese verb '傾く (かたむく)' means 'to tilt' or 'to lean'. It is used to describe something that is not upright or level, either physically or metaphorically. For example: the tower is tilting「塔が傾いている」(とうがかたむいている). His opinion leans towards the conservative side「彼の意見は保守側に傾いている」(かれのいけんはほしゅがわにかたむいている). This verb can also be used to describe a situation or trend that is shifting in a particular direction, such as 'the economy is tilting towards recession'「経済が不況に傾いている」(けいざいがふきょうにかたむいている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6869

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Block

Reading

Kanji

遮Obstruct, Intercept

Explanation

The Japanese verb '遮る (さえぎる)' means 'to block' or 'to interrupt'. It is used to describe the act of obstructing something physically, such as blocking a path, or metaphorically, such as interrupting a conversation. For example: The wall blocks the view「壁が視界を遮る」(かべがしかいをさえぎる). He interrupted my speech「彼は私のスピーチを遮った」(かれはわたしのスピーチをさえぎった). This verb can also imply cutting off or hindering progress, as in 'The trees block the sunlight「木々が日光を遮る」(きぎがにっこうをさえぎる)'. It is often used in contexts where something is being prevented from continuing or being seen.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6870

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heal, Fix

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese verb '直る (なおる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to be fixed' or 'to get repaired', referring to objects or situations. For example: The broken clock is fixed「壊れた時計が直った」(こわれたとけいがなおった). The second meaning is 'to heal' or 'to recover', referring to health or emotional states. For example: My cold has healed「風邪が直った」(かぜがなおった). The verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object. It is often used to describe something returning to its proper or original state.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6871

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Open

Reading

Kanji

明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese verb '明く (あく)' means 'to open'. This verb is used to describe the action of something becoming open, such as a door, window, or container. It is often used in contexts where something transitions from a closed state to an open state. For example: the door opened「ドアが明いた」(ドアがあいた). The store opens at 9 AM「店は午前9時に明く」(みせはごぜんくじにあく). Note that '明く' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. If you want to express the action of opening something, you would use the transitive verb '開ける (あける)' instead.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6887

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Profit

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'もうける (moukeru)' primarily means 'to profit' or 'to make a profit'. It is often used in business or financial contexts to describe earning money or gaining a financial advantage. For example: He profited from the deal「彼はその取引でもうけた」(かれはそのとりひきでもうけた). The company made a huge profit last year「その会社は去年大もうけした」(そのかいしゃはきょねんおおもうけした). Additionally, 'もうける' can also mean 'to prepare' or 'to arrange' in certain contexts, such as preparing a meal or setting up a situation, but this usage is less common. For example: She prepared a feast for the guests「彼女は客のためにごちそうをもうけた」(かのじょはきゃくのためにごちそうをもうけた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

6888

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transform

Reading

Kanji

化Change

Explanation

The Japanese verb '化する (かする)' means 'to transform' or 'to change into'. It is often used to describe a process where something undergoes a significant change in form, nature, or state. This verb is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: The caterpillar transformed into a butterfly「毛虫が蝶に化した」(けむしがちょうにかした). The situation has turned into a crisis「状況が危機に化した」(じょうきょうがききにかした). Note that '化する' is often used in formal or written contexts and can be combined with nouns to form compound verbs, such as '変化する (へんかする)' (to change) or '悪化する (あっかする)' (to worsen).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6900

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Break

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split

Explanation

The Japanese verb '割れる (われる)' means 'to break' or 'to split'. It is often used to describe something breaking into pieces, such as glass or a relationship. This verb can also imply a division or separation, either physically or metaphorically. For example: The glass broke「ガラスが割れた」(ガラスがわれた). Their relationship broke apart「彼らの関係が割れた」(かれらのかんけいがわれた). Note that '割れる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. The transitive counterpart is '割る (わる)', which means 'to break something'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6911

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Add

Reading

Kanji

付Attach 足Foot, Sufficient

Explanation

The Japanese verb '付け足す (つけたす)' means 'to add' or 'to append'. It is used when something is added to an existing thing, often to supplement or complete it. This verb implies that the addition is not the main part but rather an extra or supplementary part. For example: I added a few lines to the report「レポートに数行付け足した」(レポートにすうぎょうつけたした). She added some notes to the document「彼女はその書類にメモを付け足した」(かのじょはそのしょるいにメモをつけたした). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as adding details or information to a story or explanation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6913

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Twist

Reading

Kanji

捻Wrenching

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捻る (ひねる)' primarily means 'to twist'. It is used to describe the physical action of twisting something, such as turning a knob or wringing out a towel. It can also be used metaphorically to describe thinking hard or coming up with a clever idea. For example: He twisted the cap off the bottle「彼はボトルのキャップをひねった」(かれはボトルのキャップをひねった). She twisted her ankle while running「彼女は走っている間に足首をひねった」(かのじょははしっているあいだにあしくびをひねった). The writer twisted the plot to make it more interesting「作家はプロットをひねって面白くした」(さっかはプロットをひねっておもしろくした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6931

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hit, Vent

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ぶつける' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to hit' or 'to strike', often used when something is physically collided with or thrown against another object. For example: I hit the ball against the wall「ボールを壁にぶつけた」(ぼーるをかべにぶつけた). The second meaning is 'to vent', typically used when expressing emotions or frustrations, such as venting anger or feelings. For example: She vented her anger on him「彼女は彼に怒りをぶつけた」(かのじょはかれにいかりをぶつけた). The verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

6932

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disorder

Reading

Kanji

乱Disorder, Riot

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乱れる (みだれる)' means 'to be in disorder' or 'to be disheveled'. It is used to describe a state of chaos, confusion, or disarray, whether physical, emotional, or situational. For example: Her hair was disheveled「彼女の髪が乱れていた」(かのじょのかみがみだれていた). The meeting descended into chaos「会議が乱れた」(かいぎがみだれた). This verb can also describe emotional turmoil, such as '心が乱れる (こころがみだれる)' (to be emotionally disturbed). It is often used in contexts where something that should be orderly becomes disrupted or messy.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6933

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Omit

Reading

Kanji

省Ministry, Conserve

Explanation

The Japanese verb '省く (はぶく)' means 'to omit' or 'to leave out'. It is used when something is intentionally excluded or removed, often to make something more concise or efficient. For example: I omitted unnecessary details「不要な詳細を省いた」(ふようなしょうさいをはぶいた). The teacher skipped the difficult part「先生は難しい部分を省いた」(せんせいはむずかしいぶぶんをはぶいた). This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, and it can apply to actions, words, or steps in a process.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6935

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abbreviate

Reading

Kanji

略Abbreviation, Strategy

Explanation

The Japanese verb '略す (りゃくす)' means 'to abbreviate' or 'to omit'. It is used when shortening words, phrases, or names for convenience or brevity. For example: I abbreviated the name「名前を略した」(なまえをりゃくした). This term is often used in formal or written contexts, such as in academic papers, business documents, or when referring to abbreviations like 'USA' or 'UN'. Another example: He omitted unnecessary details「彼は不要な詳細を略した」(かれはふようなしさいをりゃくした). Note that this verb can also imply simplifying or condensing information.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6936

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Go, Proceed

Reading

Kanji

赴Proceed to

Explanation

The Japanese verb '赴く (おもむく)' primarily means 'to go' or 'to proceed' towards a specific destination or situation, often implying a sense of purpose or inevitability. It is commonly used in formal or literary contexts to describe moving towards a place, role, or state. For example: He went to the battlefield「彼は戦場に赴いた」(かれはせんじょうにおもむいた). She proceeded to her new job「彼女は新しい仕事に赴いた」(かのじょはあたらしいしごとにおもむいた). The verb can also carry a nuanced sense of moving towards a fate or outcome, as in '赴く運命 (おもむくうんめい) (destined fate)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6955

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compare

Reading

Kanji

例Example

Explanation

The Japanese verb '例える (たとえる)' means 'to compare' or 'to liken'. It is used when drawing a comparison between two things, often to explain or illustrate a concept by using a familiar example. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: He compared her smile to the sun「彼は彼女の笑顔を太陽に例えた」(かれはかのじょのえがおをたいようにたとえた). It's hard to compare this feeling to anything「この気持ちを何かに例えるのは難しい」(このきもちをなにかにたとえるのはむずかしい). The verb can also be used in its passive form, as in '例えられる (たとえられる)', meaning 'to be compared'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6956

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regulate, Enforce

Reading

Kanji

取Take 締Tighten, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り締まる (とりしまる)' primarily means 'to regulate' or 'to enforce'. It is often used in contexts where rules, laws, or policies are being strictly monitored or controlled. For example, it can refer to the enforcement of traffic laws or the regulation of corporate activities. Example sentences: The police enforce the law「警察は法律を取り締まる」(けいさつはほうりつをとりしまる). The company regulates its employees' behavior「会社は従業員の行動を取り締まる」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんのこうどうをとりしまる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6963

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loosen

Reading

Kanji

緩Easy, Loose

Explanation

The Japanese verb '緩める (ゆるめる)' means 'to loosen' or 'to relax'. It is used to describe the action of making something less tight, less strict, or less intense. This verb can be applied to physical objects, such as loosening a knot, or to abstract concepts, such as relaxing rules or tension. For example: Please loosen the rope「ロープを緩めてください」(ロープをゆるめてください). The government decided to relax the regulations「政府は規制を緩めることに決めた」(せいふはきせいをゆるめることにきめた). It can also be used metaphorically, such as easing one's mind or reducing pressure.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6964

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrust

Reading

Kanji

託Entrust, Consign

Explanation

The Japanese verb '託する (たくする)' means 'to entrust' or 'to leave something to someone'. It is often used when someone delegates a task, responsibility, or decision to another person. This verb carries a nuance of trust and reliance. For example: I entrusted the decision to my friend「私はその決定を友人に託した」(わたしはそのけっていをゆうじんにたくした). He entrusted his will to his lawyer「彼は遺言を弁護士に託した」(かれはいごんをべんごしにたくした). This verb is typically used in formal or serious contexts, such as legal, business, or personal matters.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6971

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loosen

Reading

Kanji

緩Easy, Loose

Explanation

The Japanese verb '緩む (ゆるむ)' means 'to loosen' or 'to slacken'. It describes something becoming less tight, less tense, or less strict. This verb can be used in both physical and abstract contexts. For example: The rope loosened「ロープが緩んだ」(ロープがゆるんだ). His expression softened「彼の表情が緩んだ」(かれのひょうじょうがゆるんだ). It can also describe a situation becoming less strict, such as rules or regulations: The rules have loosened「規則が緩んだ」(きそくがゆるんだ). Note that '緩む' often implies a gradual or natural process of becoming less tight or tense.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6973

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Treat, Behave

Reading

Kanji

振Shake, Swing 舞Dance

Explanation

The Japanese verb '振る舞う (ふるまう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to behave' or 'to conduct oneself', often referring to how a person acts in a particular situation. For example: He behaved like a child「彼は子供のように振る舞った」(かれはこどものようにふるまった). The second meaning is 'to treat' or 'to entertain', often used when someone provides food, drinks, or hospitality to others. For example: She treated us to dinner「彼女は私たちに夕食を振る舞った」(かのじょはわたしたちにゆうしょくをふるまった). The verb can also imply a sense of generosity or acting in a way that is fitting for a situation. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6995

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

See through

Reading

Kanji

見See 抜Pluck, Extract

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見抜く (みぬく)' means 'to see through' or 'to perceive the true nature of something'. It is often used to describe the ability to discern someone's true intentions, motives, or the reality of a situation that is not immediately obvious. For example: He saw through my lie「彼は私の嘘を見抜いた」(かれはわたしのうそをみぬいた). She can see through people's intentions「彼女は人の意図を見抜くことができる」(かのじょはひとのいとをみぬくことができる). This verb is commonly used in contexts where insight or perceptiveness is required to understand something hidden or not easily noticeable.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7013

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shrink, Shorten

Reading

Kanji

縮Shrink

Explanation

The Japanese verb '縮める (ちぢめる)' primarily means 'to shrink' or 'to shorten'. It is used to describe the action of making something smaller in size, length, or volume. This verb can be applied to physical objects, such as clothes shrinking in the wash, or abstract concepts, like shortening a speech. For example: I shrank the sweater「セーターを縮めた」(セーターをちぢめた). He shortened the meeting「彼は会議を縮めた」(かれはかいぎをちぢめた). The verb can also imply reducing something in a more general sense, such as reducing time or distance.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7014

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shrink

Reading

Kanji

縮Shrink

Explanation

The Japanese verb '縮む (ちぢむ)' means 'to shrink' or 'to contract'. It is used to describe something becoming smaller in size, length, or volume, often due to external factors like heat, cold, or pressure. For example: The sweater shrank in the wash「セーターが洗濯で縮んだ」(セーターがせんたくでちぢんだ). When scared, my body shrinks「怖いとき、体が縮む」(こわいとき、からだがちぢむ). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe someone becoming timid or withdrawn, as in 'He shrank back in fear'「彼は怖くて縮んだ」(かれはこわくてちぢんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7015

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shrink

Reading

Kanji

縮Shrink

Explanation

The Japanese verb '縮まる (ちぢまる)' means 'to shrink' or 'to contract'. It is used to describe something becoming smaller in size, length, or volume. This verb can be used for physical objects, such as clothes shrinking in the wash, or for abstract concepts, like time feeling shorter. For example: The sweater shrank in the wash「セーターが洗濯で縮まった」(セーターがせんたくでちぢまった). Time seems to shrink when you're having fun「楽しいときは時間が縮まる」(たのしいときはじかんがちぢまる). Note that '縮まる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7017

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stretch

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 伸Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き伸ばす (ひきのばす)' primarily means 'to stretch' or 'to extend'. It is often used in both literal and figurative contexts. Literally, it can refer to physically stretching something, such as pulling dough or extending a rubber band. Figuratively, it can mean prolonging or dragging out a situation, such as extending a conversation or delaying a decision. Example sentences: He stretched the dough「彼は生地を引き伸ばした」(かれはきじをひきのばした). They are prolonging the meeting「彼らは会議を引き伸ばしている」(かれらはかいぎをひきのばしている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7019

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take

Reading

Kanji

講Lecture

Explanation

The Japanese verb '講ずる (こうずる)' means 'to take' or 'to implement' measures, actions, or steps. It is often used in formal or official contexts to describe the act of taking specific actions or measures to address a situation or problem. For example: The government will take measures to prevent the spread of the disease「政府は病気の拡散を防ぐために講ずる」(せいふはびょうきのかくさんをふせぐためにこうずる). The company took steps to improve employee satisfaction「会社は従業員の満足度を向上させるために講じた」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんのまんぞくどをこうじょうさせるためにこうじた). This verb is typically used in written or formal speech and is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7027

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close, Shut

Reading

Kanji

閉Close, Shut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '閉ざす (とざす)' means 'to close' or 'to shut'. It is often used to describe closing something firmly or tightly, such as a door, window, or entrance. It can also be used metaphorically to describe closing off emotions, opportunities, or communication. For example: He closed the door firmly「彼はドアを閉ざした」(かれはドアをとざした). Her heart was closed to love「彼女の心は愛に閉ざされていた」(かのじょのこころはあいにとざされていた). The storm closed the roads「嵐が道路を閉ざした」(あらしがどうろをとざした). Note that '閉ざす' often implies a more permanent or deliberate action compared to other words like '閉める (しめる)', which is more general.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7028

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mix

Reading

Kanji

混Mix

Explanation

The Japanese verb '混じる (まじる)' means 'to mix' or 'to be mixed'. It is used to describe when two or more things are combined or blended together, often implying that the components are still distinguishable. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: oil and water do not mix「油と水は混じらない」(あぶらとみずはまじらない). There is a foreigner mixed in the crowd「外国人は群衆に混じっている」(がいこくじんはぐんしゅうにまじっている). Note that '混じる' often implies a sense of blending without losing individuality, unlike '混ぜる (まぜる)', which implies a more active mixing process.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7029

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overcome, Overshoot

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride 越Go across, Go beyond

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乗り越す (のりこす)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to overshoot', which refers to going past a destination or intended stopping point, often used in the context of transportation. For example: I overshot my station「駅を乗り越した」(えきをのりこした). The second meaning is 'to overcome', which refers to surpassing or getting through a difficult situation or challenge. For example: She overcame her fears「彼女は恐怖を乗り越えた」(かのじょはきょうふをのりこえた). The verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7031

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Swell

Reading

Kanji

膨Swell

Explanation

The Japanese verb '膨れる (ふくれる)' means 'to swell' or 'to puff up'. It is often used to describe something physically expanding, such as a balloon or a swollen body part. It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone puffing up with emotion, such as anger or pride. For example: The balloon swelled up「風船が膨れた」(ふうせんがふくれた). Her cheeks puffed up in anger「彼女は怒って頬を膨らませた」(かのじょはおこってほほをふくらませた). Note that this verb can also imply a temporary or exaggerated state, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7033

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entitle

Reading

Kanji

題Topic

Explanation

The Japanese verb '題する (だいする)' means 'to entitle' or 'to give a title to something'. It is often used in formal or literary contexts when referring to the act of naming or titling a work, such as a book, article, or piece of art. For example: He entitled his novel 'The Wind'「彼は小説に『風』と題した」(かれはしょうせつに『かぜ』とだいした). This painting is entitled 'Sunset'「この絵は『夕日』と題されている」(このえは『ゆうひ』とだいされている). Note that this verb is less commonly used in everyday conversation and is more typical in written or academic contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7044

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wipe

Reading

Kanji

拭Wipe

Explanation

The Japanese verb '拭う (ぬぐう)' means 'to wipe'. It is used to describe the action of removing something (like dirt, tears, or sweat) by wiping with a cloth, hand, or similar object. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe removing or erasing something intangible, such as suspicion or a bad reputation. For example: she wiped her tears「彼女は涙を拭った」(かのじょはなみだをぬぐった). He wiped the table clean「彼はテーブルをきれいに拭った」(かれはテーブルをきれいにぬぐった). The company tried to wipe away the scandal「会社はスキャンダルを拭い去ろうとした」(かいしゃはスキャンダルをぬぐいさろうとした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7045

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step in

Reading

Kanji

踏Step on, Step 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '踏み込む (ふみこむ)' means 'to step into' or 'to enter deeply'. This verb is often used to describe physically stepping into a space, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe delving deeply into a subject or situation. For example: He stepped into the room「彼は部屋に踏み込んだ」(かれはへやにふみこんだ). The detective delved deeply into the case「探偵は事件に踏み込んだ」(たんていはじけんにふみこんだ). It's important to note that this verb often carries a connotation of entering a space or situation with determination or force.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7046

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Corner

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '追い込む (おいこむ)' primarily means 'to corner' or 'to drive into a corner'. It is used to describe the act of forcing someone or something into a difficult or inescapable situation. This verb can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: The police cornered the thief「警察は泥棒を追い込んだ」(けいさつはどろぼうをおいこんだ). The pressure of the deadline is cornering him「締め切りのプレッシャーが彼を追い込んでいる」(しめきりのぷれっしゃーがかれをおいこんでいる). Note that this verb often implies a sense of pressure or urgency.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7065

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surround

Reading

Kanji

取Take 巻Scroll

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り巻く (とりまく)' means 'to surround' or 'to encircle'. It is often used to describe a situation where something or someone is surrounded by people, objects, or circumstances. This verb can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: The castle is surrounded by a moat「その城は堀に取り巻かれている」(そのしろはほりにとりまかれている). The celebrity was surrounded by fans「その有名人はファンに取り巻かれていた」(そのゆうめいじんはふぁんにとりまかれていた). In a figurative sense, it can describe being surrounded by problems or challenges, such as: He is surrounded by difficulties「彼は困難に取り巻かれている」(かれはこんなんにとりまかれている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7066

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eagerly await

Reading

Kanji

待Wait 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese verb '待ち望む (まちのぞむ)' means 'to eagerly await' or 'to look forward to with anticipation'. It conveys a sense of hopeful expectation, often for something positive or significant. This verb is commonly used in contexts where someone is waiting for an event, outcome, or person with great enthusiasm or longing. For example: I am eagerly awaiting the arrival of spring「春の到来を待ち望んでいる」(はるのとうらいをまちのぞんでいる). She eagerly awaited her friend's return「彼女は友達の帰りを待ち望んでいた」(かのじょはともだちのかえりをまちのぞんでいた). The verb combines '待つ (まつ)' (to wait) and '望む (のぞむ)' (to hope or desire), emphasizing both the waiting and the hopeful anticipation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7070

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Protrude, Thrust out

Reading

Kanji

突Stab, Dash 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '突き出す (つきだす)' can mean 'to thrust out' or 'to protrude'. It is used to describe the action of pushing something outward or extending something beyond its usual position. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: he thrust out his hand「彼は手を突き出した」(かれはてをつきだした). The rock protrudes from the wall「岩が壁から突き出している」(いわがかべからつきだしている). In a figurative sense, it can also mean to bring something to light or expose something, such as in 'to thrust out a problem (問題を突き出す) (もんだいをつきだす)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7083

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Threaten

Reading

Kanji

脅Threaten

Explanation

The Japanese verb '脅す (おどす)' means 'to threaten'. It is used when someone intimidates or coerces another person, often to make them comply with a demand or to instill fear. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physical threats, verbal intimidation, or even metaphorical threats. For example: He threatened me with a knife「彼はナイフで私を脅した」(かれはナイフでわたしをおどした). The boss threatened to fire him if he didn't work harder「上司はもっと働かないとクビにすると彼を脅した」(じょうしはもっとはたらかないとクビにするとかれをおどした). Note that this verb carries a strong negative connotation and is often associated with aggressive or harmful behavior.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7109

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lookup

Reading

Kanji

仰Look up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '仰ぐ (あおぐ)' primarily means 'to look up' or 'to raise one's head to look at something above'. It can also imply a sense of respect or admiration, as in looking up to someone. For example: He looked up at the stars「彼は星を仰いだ」(かれはほしをあおいだ). She looks up to her teacher「彼女は先生を仰ぐ」(かのじょはせんせいをあおぐ). Additionally, '仰ぐ' can be used in a more figurative sense to mean 'to seek' or 'to rely on', as in seeking advice or relying on someone's judgment. For example: They sought the leader's advice「彼らはリーダーの助言を仰いだ」(かれらはリーダーのじょげんをあおいだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7118

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Threaten

Reading

Kanji

脅Threaten

Explanation

The Japanese verb '脅かす (おびやかす)' means 'to threaten'. This verb is used to describe the act of posing a threat or danger to someone or something, often causing fear or anxiety. It can be used in various contexts, such as physical threats, emotional threats, or even abstract threats to stability or peace. For example: The storm threatened the village「嵐が村を脅かした」(あらしがむらをおびやかした). His actions threaten the company's future「彼の行動は会社の未来を脅かす」(かれのこうどうはかいしゃのみらいをおびやかす). It's important to note that this verb often implies a significant or serious threat, rather than a minor inconvenience.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7119

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dress

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '着せる (きせる)' means 'to dress' or 'to put clothes on someone'. It is typically used when someone is dressing another person, such as a parent dressing a child. For example: She dressed her child「彼女は子供に服を着せた」(かのじょはこどもにふくをきせた). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe imposing something on someone, such as blame or responsibility. For example: They blamed him for the mistake「彼らは彼に責任を着せた」(かれらはかれにせきにんをきせた). Note that this verb is transitive and requires an object, as it involves dressing someone else rather than oneself.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7120

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stick

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'くっ付く (くっつく)' means 'to stick' or 'to adhere'. It is used to describe objects or surfaces that are physically attached or clinging to each other. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe people who are closely attached or inseparable. For example: The sticker sticks to the wall「シールが壁にくっ付く」(シールがかべにくっつく). Those two are always together「あの二人はいつもくっ付いている」(あのふたりはいつもくっついている). The verb can also imply a sense of closeness or intimacy in relationships.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7121

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Swear

Reading

Kanji

誓Swear, Vow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '誓う (ちかう)' means 'to swear' or 'to vow'. It is used when someone makes a solemn promise or pledge, often with a strong sense of commitment or determination. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as personal promises, oaths, or formal declarations. For example: I swear to protect you「あなたを守ると誓います」(あなたをまもるとちかいます). He vowed to never give up「彼は決して諦めないと誓った」(かれはけっしてあきらめないとちかった). The verb often carries a serious tone, emphasizing the sincerity of the promise being made.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7122

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stretch, Prolong

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 延Prolong

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き延ばす (ひきのばす)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to prolong' or 'to extend' in terms of time or duration. For example: he prolonged the meeting「彼は会議を引き延ばした」(かれはかいぎをひきのばした). The second meaning is 'to stretch' or 'to elongate' in a physical sense. For example: she stretched the dough「彼女は生地を引き延ばした」(かのじょはきじをひきのばした). This verb is often used in contexts where something is being extended or stretched beyond its original state, whether in time or physical form.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7126

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delight

Reading

Kanji

喜Rejoice

Explanation

The Japanese verb '喜ばす (よろこばす)' means 'to delight' or 'to make someone happy'. It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object. This verb is often used to describe actions that bring joy or happiness to others. For example: She delighted her parents with her success「彼女は成功で両親を喜ばせた」(かのじょはせいこうでりょうしんをよろこばせた). The gift delighted the child「そのプレゼントは子供を喜ばせた」(そのプレゼントはこどもをよろこばせた). Note that this verb is less commonly used in casual conversation and is more formal or literary in tone.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7137

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correct

Reading

Kanji

正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese verb '正す (ただす)' means 'to correct' or 'to rectify'. It is used when addressing mistakes, errors, or improper behavior, and implies bringing something back to its proper or correct state. This verb can be applied to a wide range of contexts, from correcting someone's behavior to fixing an error in a document. For example: I corrected the mistake「間違いを正した」(まちがいをただした). He corrected his posture「彼は姿勢を正した」(かれはしせいをただした). It is also used in more abstract contexts, such as correcting one's attitude or mindset. Note that this verb often carries a formal or serious tone, and is commonly used in professional or educational settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7151

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Profit

Reading

Kanji

得Acquire

Explanation

The Japanese verb '得する (とくする)' means 'to profit' or 'to gain an advantage'. It is often used in contexts where someone benefits or gains something advantageous, such as in financial transactions, deals, or situations where one comes out ahead. For example: I profited from the sale「その売買で得した」(そのばいばいでとくした). She gained an advantage by negotiating「彼女は交渉して得した」(かのじょはこうしょうしてとくした). This verb is commonly used in everyday conversations to describe situations where someone benefits or gains something valuable.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7169

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose

Reading

Kanji

損Loss, Damage

Explanation

The Japanese verb '損する (そんする)' means 'to lose' in the sense of suffering a loss, disadvantage, or missing out on an opportunity. It is often used in financial or situational contexts where someone experiences a setback or disadvantage. For example: I lost money on that deal「その取引で損した」(そのとりひきでそんした). You'll lose out if you don't act now「今行動しないと損するよ」(いまこうどうしないとそんするよ). This verb can also imply missing out on a benefit or opportunity, as in '損しないように早く決めてください (そんしないようにはやくきめてください) (Please decide quickly so you don't miss out).'

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7173

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Burn

Reading

Kanji

燃Burn

Explanation

The Japanese verb '燃やす (もやす)' means 'to burn'. It is used to describe the action of setting something on fire or causing it to combust. This verb can be used for both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: He burned the old letters「彼は古い手紙を燃やした」(かれはふるいてがみをもやした). The athlete burned with determination「その選手は決意に燃えていた」(そのせんしゅはけついにもえていた). In metaphorical usage, it often conveys intense emotion or passion, such as burning with desire or ambition.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7174

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scatter

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '散らばる (ちらばる)' means 'to scatter' or 'to be scattered'. It describes things that are spread out or dispersed in various directions, often in a random or disorganized manner. This verb is commonly used for physical objects like leaves, papers, or people, but it can also describe abstract concepts like ideas or emotions. For example: The leaves scattered in the wind「風で葉っぱが散らばった」(かぜではっぱがちらばった). The children scattered across the park「子供たちが公園に散らばった」(こどもたちがこうえんにちらばった). Note that '散らばる' often implies a natural or unintentional scattering, as opposed to a deliberate action.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7181

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clutter

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '散らかる (ちらかる)' means 'to be cluttered' or 'to be scattered around'. It describes a state where things are messy, disorganized, or spread out in an untidy manner. This verb is often used to describe rooms, desks, or any space that is in disorder. For example: The room is cluttered「部屋が散らかっている」(へやがちらかっている). My desk is always messy「私の机はいつも散らかっている」(わたしのつくえはいつもちらかっている). Note that '散らかる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it describes a state rather than an action performed by someone.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7182

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scatter, Mess up

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '散らかす (ちらかす)' primarily means 'to scatter' or 'to mess up'. It is used to describe the action of spreading things around in a disorderly manner, often resulting in a messy or cluttered state. This verb is commonly used in contexts where items are left untidy or disorganized. For example: He scattered his toys all over the room「彼はおもちゃを部屋中に散らかした」(かれはおもちゃをへやじゅうにちらかした). Don't mess up the living room「リビングルームを散らかさないで」(リビングルームをちらかさないで). The verb can also imply negligence or carelessness in handling objects.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7183

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Melt

Reading

Kanji

溶Melt, Dissolve

Explanation

The Japanese verb '溶かす (とかす)' means 'to melt'. It is used when referring to the process of turning a solid into a liquid, typically by heating. This verb can be used for various substances like ice, chocolate, or metal. For example: I melted the chocolate「チョコレートを溶かした」(ちょこれーとをとかした). The ice melted in the sun「氷が太陽で溶かした」(こおりがたいようでとかした). It's important to note that '溶かす' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being melted.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7194

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rub, Massage

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'もむ (momu)' primarily means 'to rub' or 'to massage'. It is used to describe the action of applying pressure and moving one's hands or fingers over a surface, often to relieve tension, pain, or stiffness. For example: I rubbed my sore shoulders「肩が痛かったので、もみました」(かたがいたかったので、もみました). She massaged her temples to relieve a headache「頭痛を和らげるためにこめかみをもんだ」(ずつうをやわらげるためにこめかみをもんだ). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase 'もみ合う (もみあう)', which means 'to jostle' or 'to scramble' in a crowd. Note that 'もむ' is often used in contexts involving physical touch, such as massaging muscles or kneading dough.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

7197

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hold, Feel

Reading

Kanji

催Hold an event, Sponsor

Explanation

The Japanese verb '催す (もよおす)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to hold' or 'to organize' an event, such as a meeting, party, or ceremony. For example: The company will hold a party「会社がパーティーを催す」(かいしゃがパーティーをもよおす). The second meaning is 'to feel' a sensation, often used to describe physical or emotional states, such as nausea or drowsiness. For example: I feel nauseous「吐き気を催す」(はきけをもよおす). The verb is versatile and its meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7214

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Caught

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'つかまる' means 'to be caught' or 'to get caught'. It is often used in contexts where someone or something is captured, arrested, or held firmly. This verb is commonly used in situations involving law enforcement, accidents, or even metaphorical scenarios. For example: The thief was caught by the police「泥棒は警察につかまった」(どろぼうはけいさつにつかまった). I got caught in the rain「雨につかまった」(あめにつかまった). Note that 'つかまる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it describes a state or action that happens to the subject, rather than being performed by the subject.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

7217

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'つぶる (tsuburu)' means 'to close' and is specifically used to describe closing one's eyes. It is often used in contexts where someone is intentionally shutting their eyes, such as to avoid seeing something, to concentrate, or to rest. For example: She closed her eyes and prayed「彼女は目をつぶって祈った」(かのじょはめをつぶっていのった). He closed his eyes to avoid the bright light「彼はまぶしい光を避けるために目をつぶった」(かれはまぶしいひかりをさけるためにめをつぶった). This verb is less commonly used for closing objects other than eyes, and it carries a nuance of a deliberate or momentary action.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

7233

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enthusiastic

Reading

Kanji

張Spread, Stretch 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '張り切る (はりきる)' means to be enthusiastic, eager, or full of energy. It is often used to describe someone who is putting in extra effort or is highly motivated to achieve something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as work, sports, or personal projects. For example: He is very enthusiastic about his new job「彼は新しい仕事に張り切っている」(かれはあたらしいしごとにはりきっている). She was so eager to start the project「彼女はそのプロジェクトを始めるのに張り切っていた」(かのじょはそのプロジェクトをはじめるのにはりきっていた). The nuance of '張り切る' often implies a visible display of energy or effort, sometimes to the point of overdoing it.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7240

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stumble

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'つまずく (つまずく)' means 'to stumble' or 'to trip'. It is used to describe the physical act of losing one's balance, often due to an obstacle or uneven surface. It can also be used metaphorically to describe encountering difficulties or setbacks in life. For example: I stumbled on the stairs「階段でつまずいた」(かいだんでつまずいた). He stumbled in his career「彼はキャリアでつまずいた」(かれはキャリアでつまずいた). The verb is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

7242

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Criticize, Plunge

Reading

Kanji

突Stab, Dash 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '突っ込む (つっこむ)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to plunge' or 'to thrust into,' which can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: he plunged his hand into the water「彼は手を水に突っ込んだ」(かれはてをみずにつっこんだ). The second meaning is 'to criticize' or 'to point out flaws,' often used in a conversational context. For example: she criticized his careless remark「彼女は彼の不用意な発言に突っ込んだ」(かのじょはかれのふよういなはつげんにつっこんだ). The verb can also imply a sense of diving deeply into a topic or situation, whether physically or intellectually.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7243

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bounce, Be lively

Reading

Kanji

弾Bullet, Projectile

Explanation

The Japanese verb '弾む (はずむ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to bounce', referring to the physical action of something springing back after hitting a surface. For example: The ball bounced high「ボールが高く弾んだ」(ボールがたかくはずんだ). The second meaning is 'to be lively' or 'to be in high spirits', often used to describe a cheerful or energetic mood. For example: Her voice was lively「彼女の声が弾んでいた」(かのじょのこえがはずんでいた). This verb can also imply a sense of excitement or enthusiasm, as in: The conversation was lively「会話が弾んでいた」(かいわがはずんでいた). Note that the context usually clarifies which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7249

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perish

Reading

Kanji

滅Ruin, Destroy

Explanation

The Japanese verb '滅びる (ほろびる)' means 'to perish' or 'to be destroyed'. It is used to describe the complete destruction or downfall of something, such as a civilization, a kingdom, or even an idea. This verb carries a sense of finality and often implies a tragic or irreversible end. For example: The ancient civilization perished「古代文明は滅びた」(こだいぶんめいはほろびた). If we don't act, humanity will perish「行動しなければ、人類は滅びる」(こうどうしなければ、じんるいはほろびる). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when describing the end of a dream or hope.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7256

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boost

Reading

Kanji

盛Prosper 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '盛り上げる (もりあげる)' means 'to boost' or 'to liven up'. It is often used to describe the act of making something more exciting, lively, or energetic, such as a party, event, or atmosphere. For example: let's boost the party「パーティーを盛り上げよう」(パーティーをもりあげよう). He livened up the meeting「彼は会議を盛り上げた」(かれはかいぎをもりあげた). This verb can also be used in a more literal sense, such as piling up or heaping something, but this usage is less common. The focus is usually on creating a lively or enthusiastic atmosphere.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7276

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Balance

Reading

Kanji

釣Fish, Fishing 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '釣り合う (つりあう)' means 'to balance' or 'to be in proportion'. It is often used to describe a state where two or more things are in harmony or equilibrium, whether physically, emotionally, or in terms of value. For example: The colors of the painting balance well「その絵の色はよく釣り合っている」(そのえのいろはよくつりあっている). Their skills balance each other out「彼らのスキルは釣り合っている」(かれらのスキルはつりあっている). This verb can also imply a sense of fairness or appropriateness, as in 'The reward balances the effort「その報酬は努力と釣り合っている」(そのほうしゅうはどりょくとつりあっている).'

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7279

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Muddy, Become impure

Reading

Kanji

濁Voiced, Turbid

Explanation

The Japanese verb '濁る (にごる)' primarily means 'to become muddy' or 'to become impure'. It is used to describe liquids that become cloudy or unclear, such as water mixed with dirt. It can also metaphorically describe situations, thoughts, or emotions that become unclear or tainted. For example: the water became muddy「水が濁った」(みずがにごった). His intentions became unclear「彼の意図が濁った」(かれのいとがにごった). The verb can also describe sounds that are muffled or unclear, such as a voice affected by illness or emotion.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7287

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jump

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'はねる (haneru)' primarily means 'to jump'. It is used to describe the action of leaping or springing off the ground or another surface. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as describing physical actions or metaphorical leaps. For example: The rabbit jumps「うさぎがはねる」(うさぎがはねる). He jumped over the puddle「彼は水たまりをはねた」(かれはみずたまりをはねた). Additionally, 'はねる' can sometimes imply a sense of bouncing or rebounding, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

7304

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smell

Reading

Kanji

臭Stinking, Bad smell

Explanation

The Japanese verb '臭う (におう)' means 'to smell'. This verb is used to describe the act of perceiving an odor, whether pleasant or unpleasant. It can be used in various contexts, such as describing the smell of food, flowers, or something unpleasant like garbage. For example: The flowers smell good「花がいいにおいがする」(はながいいにおいがする). This room smells bad「この部屋は臭う」(このへやはにおう). It's important to note that '臭う' often carries a connotation of an unpleasant smell, whereas '匂う (におう)' can be used for pleasant smells. However, '臭う' can also be used neutrally depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7307

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smell, Suggest

Reading

Kanji

匂Fragrance, Scent

Explanation

The Japanese verb '匂う (におう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to smell', which refers to emitting an odor, either pleasant or unpleasant. For example: The flowers smell good「花がいい匂いがする」(はながいいにおいがする). The second meaning is 'to suggest' or 'to hint at', often used to imply something indirectly. For example: His words suggest a hidden meaning「彼の言葉には何か匂うものがある」(かれのことばにはなかににおうものがある). The verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7309

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Untie

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ほどく (hodoku)' means 'to untie' or 'to undo'. It is used when referring to the action of loosening or unfastening something that is tied, such as a knot, a rope, or a bundle. For example: I untied the rope「ロープをほどいた」(ロープをほどいた). She untied her hair「彼女は髪をほどいた」(かのじょはかみをほどいた). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe resolving a complicated situation or unraveling a mystery. For instance: He untangled the complex problem「彼は複雑な問題をほどいた」(かれはふくざつなもんだいをほどいた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

7341

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pass by

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '通り掛かる (とおりかかる)' means 'to pass by' or 'to happen to pass by'. It is used when someone is passing by a place, often unintentionally or coincidentally. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversations to describe situations where someone is walking or moving near a location. For example: I happened to pass by the park「公園を通り掛かった」(こうえんをとおりかかった). She passed by the store「彼女はその店を通り掛かった」(かのじょはそのみせをとおりかかった). The verb can also imply a sense of chance or coincidence, as in 'I happened to pass by when it started raining'「雨が降り始めた時に通り掛かった」(あめがふりはじめたときにとおりかかった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7354

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hook, Trick

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引っ掛ける (ひっかける)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to hook', which refers to physically catching or attaching something with a hook. For example: he hooked the fish「彼は魚を引っ掛けた」(かれはさかなをひっかけた). The second meaning is 'to trick', which involves deceiving someone. For example: she tricked him into buying the car「彼女は彼を引っ掛けて車を買わせた」(かのじょはかれをひっかけてくるまをかわせた). This verb can also imply a quick or casual action, such as hanging a coat on a hook or snagging something briefly. It's versatile and context-dependent, so the intended meaning is often clear from the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7355

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lean

Reading

Kanji

寄Draw near 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '寄り掛かる (よりかかる)' means 'to lean' or 'to rest against'. It is used when someone or something is leaning on or relying on another object or person for support. This verb can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: she leaned on the wall「彼女は壁に寄り掛かった」(かのじょはかべによりかかった). He relies too much on others「彼は他人に寄り掛かりすぎる」(かれはたにんによりかかりすぎる). The verb can also imply a sense of dependence or reliance in a figurative context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7357

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clench

Reading

Kanji

握Grasp, Grip 締Tighten, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese verb '握り締める (にぎりしめる)' means 'to clench' or 'to grasp tightly'. It is often used to describe the action of tightly holding something in one's hand, such as a fist, an object, or even abstract concepts like hope or determination. This verb conveys a sense of firmness and intensity in the act of holding. For example: He clenched his fists in anger「彼は怒りで拳を握り締めた」(かれはおこりでこぶしをにぎりしめた). She tightly grasped the letter「彼女は手紙を握り締めた」(かのじょはてがみをにぎりしめた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, as in 'to hold onto hope'「希望を握り締める」(きぼうをにぎりしめる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7361

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Imitate

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'まねる' means 'to imitate' or 'to mimic'. It is used when someone copies the actions, behavior, or style of another person or thing. This verb can be applied in various contexts, such as imitating someone's speech, gestures, or artistic style. For example: The child imitated his father「子供は父親をまねた」(こどもはちちおやをまねた). She imitated the famous singer's dance「彼女は有名な歌手のダンスをまねた」(かのじょはゆうめいなかしゅのダンスをまねた). The word can also imply learning by copying, often used in a positive sense when referring to mastering skills by observing and imitating others.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

7364

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Profit

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'もうかる (moukaru)' means 'to profit' or 'to make a gain'. It is commonly used in contexts related to business, finance, or any situation where a financial or material gain is achieved. For example: His business is profitable「彼のビジネスはもうかっている」(かれのビジネスはもうかっている). We made a profit this year「今年はもうかった」(ことしはもうかった). The verb can also imply a sense of luck or unexpected gain, such as in gambling or investments. It is often used in casual conversations to describe financial success.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

7388

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Punish

Reading

Kanji

罰Punishment, Penalty

Explanation

The Japanese verb '罰する (ばっする)' means 'to punish'. It is used to describe the act of imposing a penalty or consequence on someone for wrongdoing. This verb is often used in formal or legal contexts, such as in laws, rules, or moral discussions. For example: The law punishes theft「法律は盗みを罰する」(ほうりつはぬすみをばっする). He was punished for his actions「彼は自分の行動を罰された」(かれはじぶんのこうどうをばっされた). Note that this verb carries a formal tone and is less commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7391

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boil

Reading

Kanji

煮Boil

Explanation

The Japanese verb '煮える (にえる)' means 'to boil' or 'to be boiled'. It is used to describe the process of food or liquid reaching the boiling point, often in cooking. This verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object. For example: the water is boiling「お湯が煮えている」(おゆがにえている). The vegetables are boiling in the pot「野菜が鍋で煮えている」(やさいがなべでにえている). Note that '煮える (にえる)' is often used in contexts involving cooking or preparing food, and it implies that the boiling process is happening naturally or without external force.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7394

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Popular

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'もてる (もてる)' means 'to be popular' or 'to be well-liked', particularly in the context of romantic or social appeal. It is often used to describe someone who is attractive or charismatic and thus receives a lot of attention or admiration from others. For example: he is popular with girls「彼は女の子にもてる」(かれはおんなのこにもてる). She is very popular at school「彼女は学校でもてる」(かのじょはがっこうでもてる). This verb is commonly used in casual conversations and is associated with youth culture. It can also imply a sense of being in demand or having a high social status.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

7402

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Send, Cause

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'よこす (yokosu)' primarily means 'to send' something to someone, often implying the movement of an object or message from one place to another. It can also mean 'to cause' something, typically something negative or troublesome. For example: I will send you the documents「書類をよこします」(しょるいをよこします). His behavior caused a lot of trouble「彼の行動は多くの問題をよこした」(かれのこうどうはおおくのもんだいをよこした). The verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, and its meaning can slightly shift depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

7412

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting