Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Failure, Flunking

Reading

Kanji

落Fall 第Ordinal number

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '落第 (らくだい)' refers to failing or flunking, particularly in an academic context. It is commonly used to describe failing an exam, a course, or not meeting the required standards to advance to the next level. For example: He failed the exam「彼は試験に落第した」(かれはしけんにらくだいした). If you don't study, you'll flunk「勉強しないと落第するよ」(べんきょうしないとらくだいするよ). This term carries a strong connotation of not meeting expectations and is often used in educational settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6671

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distribution

Reading

Kanji

流Flow 通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '流通 (りゅうつう)' refers to the process of distributing goods, products, or information. It is commonly used in contexts related to commerce, logistics, and economics. For example: The distribution of goods is efficient「商品の流通が効率的だ」(しょうひんのりゅうつうがこうりつてきだ). Information flows quickly in this network「このネットワークでは情報の流通が速い」(このネットワークではじょうほうのりゅうつうがはやい). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the circulation of ideas or trends.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6679

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Epidemic, Trend

Reading

Kanji

流Flow 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '流行 (りゅうこう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'trend', referring to something that is currently popular or fashionable. For example: This hairstyle is trending now「このヘアスタイルが今流行している」(このヘアスタイルがいまりゅうこうしている). The second meaning is 'epidemic', referring to the rapid spread of a disease. For example: The flu is spreading rapidly「インフルエンザが流行している」(インフルエンザがりゅうこうしている). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended, but both meanings are widely used in everyday conversation and media.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6693

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sinking

Reading

Kanji

沈Sink 没Sink, Drown

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '沈没 (ちんぼつ)' means 'sinking'. It is used to describe the act of a ship, boat, or other vessel going underwater and becoming submerged. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the failure or collapse of plans, projects, or organizations. For example: The ship sank in the storm「船は嵐で沈没した」(ふねはあらしでちんぼつした). The company's project sank due to lack of funding「会社のプロジェクトは資金不足で沈没した」(かいしゃのプロジェクトはしきんぶそくでちんぼつした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6697

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Freezing

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold 凍Freeze, Frozen

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '冷凍 (れいとう)' means 'freezing'. It refers to the process of preserving food or other items by lowering their temperature to below freezing point. This term is commonly used in contexts related to food storage, such as in supermarkets or home kitchens. For example: I froze the fish「魚を冷凍した」(さかなをれいとうした). This meat is frozen「この肉は冷凍されている」(このにくはれいとうされている). It's important to note that '冷凍' is often used in compound words, such as '冷凍庫 (れいとうこ) (freezer)' or '冷凍食品 (れいとうしょくひん) (frozen food)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6700

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '適用 (てきよう)' means 'application' in the sense of applying a rule, law, principle, or method to a specific situation or case. It is commonly used in formal, legal, or technical contexts. For example: The new law will be applied next month「新しい法律が来月適用されます」(あたらしいほうりつがらいげつてきようされます). This method is not applicable to all cases「この方法はすべてのケースに適用できません」(このほうほうはすべてのケースにてきようできません). The word often implies the act of putting something into practice or enforcing a rule.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6713

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adaptation

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '適応 (てきおう)' refers to the process of adapting or adjusting to new conditions, environments, or situations. It is commonly used in contexts where individuals, organisms, or systems change to better fit or survive in their surroundings. For example: The animal's adaptation to the cold climate was remarkable「その動物の寒い気候への適応は素晴らしかった」(そのどうぶつのさむいきこうへのてきおうはすばらしかった). He quickly adapted to the new work environment「彼は新しい職場環境にすぐに適応した」(かれはあたらしいしょくばかんきょうにすぐにてきおうした). This term is often used in both biological and social contexts, emphasizing the ability to adjust effectively.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6715

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abolition

Reading

Kanji

廃Waste, Abolish 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '廃止 (はいし)' means 'abolition' or 'discontinuation'. It refers to the act of officially ending or stopping something, such as a system, law, or practice. This term is often used in formal or official contexts. For example: The government decided on the abolition of the law「政府はその法律の廃止を決定した」(せいふはそのほうりつのはいしをけっていした). The company announced the discontinuation of the service「その会社はサービスの廃止を発表した」(そのかいしゃはサービスのはいしをはっぴょうした). Note that '廃止' is typically used in written or formal speech, and its usage implies a permanent termination.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6718

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Measurement

Reading

Kanji

測Measure, Conjecture 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '測定 (そくてい)' means 'measurement'. It refers to the act of measuring or determining the size, amount, or degree of something. This term is commonly used in scientific, technical, and everyday contexts. For example: The measurement of temperature is important「温度の測定は重要です」(おんどのそくていはじゅうようです). We conducted a measurement of the room's dimensions「部屋の寸法の測定を行いました」(へやのすんぽうのそくていをおこないました). The word can also be used in compound terms like '測定器 (そくていき)' (measuring instrument).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6729

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pursuit, Tracking

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 跡Trace, Traces

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '追跡 (ついせき)' refers to the act of pursuing or tracking someone or something. It is often used in contexts involving following a target, such as in investigations, sports, or even technology. For example: The police are in pursuit of the suspect「警察は容疑者を追跡している」(けいさつはようぎしゃをついせきしている). The software tracks user activity「そのソフトウェアはユーザーの行動を追跡する」(そのソフトウェアはユーザーのこうどうをついせきする). The word can also imply a continuous effort to follow or monitor something over time.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6747

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detour

Reading

Kanji

寄Draw near 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '寄り道 (よりみち)' refers to taking a detour or making a side trip. It is often used to describe stopping by a place on the way to a primary destination, either intentionally or spontaneously. For example: I made a detour to the bookstore「本屋に寄り道しました」(ほんやによりみちしました). She took a detour to buy some snacks「彼女はお菓子を買いに寄り道した」(かのじょはおかしをかいによりみちした). This word carries a casual and often positive connotation, implying a leisurely or enjoyable diversion rather than an inconvenient one.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6761

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Separation

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 離Detach, Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '分離 (ぶんり)' means 'separation'. It refers to the act or process of dividing or disconnecting something from a whole. This term is often used in both physical and abstract contexts, such as separating objects, ideas, or relationships. For example: the separation of church and state「教会と国家の分離」(きょうかいとこっかのぶんり). The separation of waste is important for recycling「廃棄物の分離はリサイクルに重要です」(はいきぶつのぶんりはりさいくるにじゅうようです). Note that '分離' can also imply a sense of detachment or isolation, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6783

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blackout

Reading

Kanji

停Halt 電Electricity

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '停電 (ていでん)' refers to a 'blackout' or 'power outage'. It describes a situation where the supply of electricity is interrupted, causing a loss of power. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation, news reports, and warnings. For example: There was a blackout last night「昨夜、停電があった」(さくや、ていでんがあった). The blackout lasted for three hours「停電は3時間続いた」(ていでんはさんじかんつづいた). It can also be used in compound phrases like '停電対策 (ていでんたいさく)' (blackout countermeasures).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6784

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stop

Reading

Kanji

停Halt 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '停止 (ていし)' means 'stop' or 'halt'. It is commonly used to describe the cessation of movement, activity, or operation. This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as machinery, vehicles, or systems. For example: The train came to a stop「電車が停止した」(でんしゃがていしした). The machine stopped due to an error「機械がエラーで停止した」(きかいがエラーでていしした). Additionally, '停止' can also refer to the suspension or discontinuation of services, processes, or functions, as in: The service has been temporarily stopped「サービスが一時停止している」(サービスがいちじていししている).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6785

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interruption

Reading

Kanji

中Center 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '中断 (ちゅうだん)' means 'interruption' or 'suspension'. It refers to the act of stopping something temporarily, often due to an external factor or a decision to pause. This term is commonly used in contexts such as work, events, or processes. For example: The meeting was interrupted「会議が中断した」(かいぎがちゅうだんした). Due to the rain, the game was suspended「雨のため、試合が中断した」(あめのため、しあいがちゅうだんした). It can also be used in compound verbs like '中断する (ちゅうだんする)' to mean 'to interrupt' or 'to suspend'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6790

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Water cut off

Reading

Kanji

断Decide, Cut off 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '断水 (だんすい)' refers to the act of cutting off the water supply, often due to maintenance, repairs, or emergencies. It is commonly used in contexts where water services are temporarily suspended. For example: There will be a water cutoff tomorrow「明日は断水です」(あしたはだんすいです). The water cutoff lasted for three hours「断水は三時間続きました」(だんすいさんじかんつづきました). This term is frequently seen in public announcements or notices about water service interruptions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6791

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carelessness

Reading

Kanji

油Oil 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '油断 (ゆだん)' means 'carelessness' or 'negligence'. It is often used to describe a lack of attention or caution, which can lead to mistakes or accidents. This word is commonly used in warnings or advice to remind someone to stay alert. For example: Don't let your guard down「油断しないで」(ゆだんしないで). His carelessness caused the accident「彼の油断が事故を引き起こした」(かれのゆだんがじこをひきおこした). The phrase '油断大敵 (ゆだんたいてき)' is a common saying meaning 'carelessness is your greatest enemy', emphasizing the importance of staying vigilant.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6792

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conclusion

Reading

Kanji

断Decide, Cut off 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '断定 (だんてい)' means 'conclusion' or 'definite decision'. It is used to express a firm or definitive judgment about something. This word often appears in formal or logical contexts, such as in discussions, debates, or written analyses. For example: He reached a conclusion「彼は断定した」(かれはだんていした). The evidence led to a definite conclusion「その証拠は断定を導いた」(そのしょうこはだんていをみちびいた). Note that '断定' is often used with verbs like 'する' to form the phrase '断定する', meaning 'to conclude' or 'to assert definitively'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6793

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Broadcast, Relay

Reading

Kanji

中Center 継Succeed, Inherit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '中継 (ちゅうけい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'relay', which refers to the act of passing something along from one place or person to another, such as in a relay race or a relay of information. The second meaning is 'broadcast', specifically referring to the live transmission of events, such as sports or news, over television, radio, or the internet. For example: The game was broadcast live「試合は生中継された」(しあいはなまちゅうけいされた). The news was relayed to the station「ニュースが中継局に中継された」(ニュースがちゅうけいきょくにちゅうけいされた). Note that the context often determines which meaning is intended, as both are commonly used in modern Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6807

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Landing

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear 陸Land

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '着陸 (ちゃくりく)' means 'landing'. It is specifically used to describe the act of an aircraft or spacecraft touching down on the ground or another surface. This term is commonly used in aviation and space contexts. For example: The airplane made a smooth landing「飛行機は着陸がスムーズだった」(ひこうきはちゃくりくがスムーズだった). The spacecraft will attempt a landing on Mars「宇宙船は火星に着陸を試みる」(うちゅうせんはかせいちゃくりくをこころみる). Note that '着陸' is distinct from '着地 (ちゃくち)', which can refer to landing in a broader sense, such as a person or object landing on the ground.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6810

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Takeoff

Reading

Kanji

離Detach, Separate 陸Land

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '離陸 (りりく)' means 'takeoff' and is primarily used in the context of aviation to describe the moment when an aircraft leaves the ground and begins to fly. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the start of a project or endeavor. For example: The plane is about to take off「飛行機が離陸しようとしている」(ひこうきがりりくしようとしている). The new business is ready for takeoff「新しいビジネスが離陸の準備ができている」(あたらしいビジネスがりりくのじゅんびができている). Note that '離陸' is often used in formal or technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6811

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Visit

Reading

Kanji

訪Visit 問Question, Problem

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '訪問 (ほうもん)' means 'visit'. It refers to the act of visiting someone or someplace, often with a formal or purposeful connotation. It is commonly used in contexts such as business visits, home visits, or official visits. For example: I will visit my friend tomorrow「明日、友達を訪問します」(あした、ともだちをほうもんします). The president visited the factory「社長は工場を訪問しました」(しゃちょうはこうじょうをほうもんしました). This word is often used in formal settings and can be combined with other words to specify the type of visit, such as '家庭訪問 (かていほうもん)' (home visit) or '公式訪問 (こうしきほうもん)' (official visit).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6820

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transport

Reading

Kanji

輸Transport 送Send

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '輸送 (ゆそう)' means 'transport'. It refers to the act of moving goods, people, or materials from one place to another, often over a distance. This term is commonly used in contexts related to logistics, shipping, and transportation industries. For example: The transport of goods was delayed「輸送が遅れた」(ゆそうがおくれた). Efficient transport is essential for the economy「効率的な輸送は経済に不可欠だ」(こうりつてきなゆそうはけいざいにふかけつだ). Note that '輸送' is often used in formal or technical contexts, and it can be combined with other words to specify the type of transport, such as '海上輸送 (かいじょうゆそう)' (maritime transport) or '航空輸送 (こうくうゆそう)' (air transport).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6832

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Revival

Reading

Kanji

復Restore 活Lively

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '復活 (ふっかつ)' means 'revival' or 'resurrection'. It is used to describe the act of bringing something back to life, restoring it to a previous state, or making it active again. This word is often used in contexts such as cultural events, religious contexts, or even in everyday situations where something is being restored. For example: The festival was revived「祭りが復活した」(まつりがふっかつした). The old tradition has been brought back「古い伝統が復活した」(ふるいでんとうがふっかつした). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in the revival of a business or a trend.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6833

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Operation

Reading

Kanji

操Handle, Chastity 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '操作 (そうさ)' primarily means 'operation' or 'manipulation'. It is used to describe the act of handling, controlling, or managing something, such as machinery, systems, or even abstract concepts. For example: operating a machine「機械を操作する」(きかいをそうさする). Manipulating data「データを操作する」(データをそうさする). This word is often used in technical or professional contexts, such as in computing, engineering, or business. It can also imply a sense of control or influence over a situation or person, as in 'manipulating public opinion'「世論を操作する」(よろんをそうさする).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6834

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Control

Reading

Kanji

操Handle, Chastity 縦Vertical

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '操縦 (そうじゅう)' means 'control' or 'operation', specifically in the context of operating machinery or vehicles. It is commonly used when referring to the act of steering, piloting, or managing something, such as a car, airplane, or ship. For example: He is skilled at controlling the airplane「彼は飛行機の操縦が上手だ」(かれはひこうきのそうじゅうがじょうずだ). The captain controls the ship「船長が船を操縦する」(せんちょうがふねをそうじゅうする). This word emphasizes the technical or skillful aspect of handling a machine or vehicle.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6837

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stay

Reading

Kanji

滞Stagnate 在Be, Exist

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '滞在 (たいざい)' means 'stay'. It refers to the act of staying or residing in a place temporarily, such as during a trip, vacation, or visit. It is commonly used in contexts related to travel, lodging, or temporary residence. For example: I will stay in Tokyo for three days「東京に三日間滞在します」(とうきょうにみっかかんたいざいします). His stay in Japan was very enjoyable「彼の日本での滞在はとても楽しかった」(かれのにほんでのたいざいはとてもたのしかった). The word is often paired with verbs like する (to do) or する予定 (plan to do) to indicate the act of staying.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6843

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Maintenance, Conservation

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 守Protect

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '保守 (ほしゅ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'conservation', which refers to the act of preserving or protecting something, such as the environment or cultural heritage. For example: conservation of nature「自然の保守」(しぜんのほしゅ). The second meaning is 'maintenance', which refers to the act of keeping something in good condition or ensuring its proper functioning. For example: maintenance of equipment「設備の保守」(せつびのほしゅ). These two meanings are distinct and should not be confused. The word is commonly used in technical, environmental, and political contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6845

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early sleep

Reading

Kanji

早Early, Fast 寝Lie down, Go to sleep

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '早寝 (はやね)' literally means 'early sleep' or 'going to bed early'. It is used to describe the act of going to sleep earlier than usual. This word is often associated with a healthy lifestyle or a disciplined routine. For example: I should go to bed early tonight「今夜は早寝しなければ」(こんやははやねしなければ). Going to bed early is good for your health「早寝は健康に良い」(はやねはけんこうにいい). The word can also be used in phrases like '早寝早起き (はやねはやおき)', which means 'early to bed and early to rise', emphasizing a healthy daily routine.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6860

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compatibility

Reading

Kanji

両Both 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '両立 (りょうりつ)' refers to the state of two or more things being compatible or able to coexist without conflict. It is often used in contexts where balancing or maintaining multiple responsibilities, goals, or conditions is necessary. For example: balancing work and family is difficult「仕事と家庭の両立は難しい」(しごとかていのりょうりつはむずかしい). It is also used in academic or professional settings to describe the compatibility of theories or systems. For instance: the compatibility of these two theories is questionable「これらの二つの理論の両立は疑問だ」(これらのふたつのりろんのりょうりつはぎもんだ).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Translation

Reading

Kanji

翻Flip, Render 訳Reason, Translation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '翻訳 (ほんやく)' means 'translation'. It refers to the act of translating text or speech from one language to another. This term is commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts. For example: I am doing a translation「翻訳をしています」(ほんやくをしています). This book is a translation of a French novel「この本はフランスの小説の翻訳です」(このほんはフランスのしょうせつのほんやくです). The word can also be used to describe the translated work itself, such as 'a translation of a poem' (詩の翻訳, しのほんやく).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6890

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Request

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'リクエスト (rikuesuto)' means 'request'. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in contexts where someone asks for something, such as a song, service, or favor. It is often used in casual and formal settings alike. For example: I made a song request「リクエストをしました」(りくえすとをしました). Could you take my request?「リクエストを受けてもらえますか？」(りくえすとをうけてもらえますか？). This term is widely understood in Japanese culture, especially in contexts like radio shows, events, or customer service.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

6891

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interpretation

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 訳Reason, Translation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '通訳 (つうやく)' refers to the act of interpreting, particularly spoken language, between two parties who do not share a common language. It is commonly used in contexts such as international conferences, business meetings, or any situation where real-time language translation is required. For example: She is good at interpretation「彼女は通訳が上手です」(かのじょはつうやくがじょうずです). We need an interpreter for the meeting「会議に通訳が必要です」(かいぎにつうやくがひつようです). The term is distinct from '翻訳 (ほんやく)', which refers to written translation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6892

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correction

Reading

Kanji

訂Correct, Revise 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '訂正 (ていせい)' means 'correction'. It refers to the act of revising or amending something to make it right or accurate. This term is commonly used in contexts such as correcting errors in documents, statements, or data. For example: Please make the necessary corrections「必要な訂正をしてください」(ひつようなていせいをしてください). The teacher made a correction to the student's answer「先生は学生の答えを訂正しました」(せんせいはがくせいのこたえをていせいしました). It is important to note that '訂正' is often used in formal or professional settings where accuracy is crucial.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6894

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Debate

Reading

Kanji

討Chastise 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '討論 (とうろん)' means 'debate'. It refers to a formal discussion or argument on a particular topic, often involving opposing viewpoints. This term is commonly used in academic, political, or professional settings where structured and reasoned arguments are exchanged. For example: We had a lively debate about the issue「その問題について活発な討論をした」(そのもんだいについてかっぱつなとうろんをした). The debate lasted for hours「討論は何時間も続いた」(とうろんはなんじかんもつづいた). It is important to note that '討論' implies a more formal and structured exchange of ideas compared to casual discussions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6902

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attachment

Reading

Kanji

付Attach 属Belong

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '付属 (ふぞく)' refers to something that is attached or appended to a main object or entity. It is often used in contexts where additional items or features come with a primary product, such as accessories or supplementary materials. For example: The manual is an attachment to the product「マニュアルは製品に付属しています」(マニュアルはせいひんにふぞくしています). This school has many affiliated facilities「この学校には多くの付属施設があります」(このがっこうにはおおくのふぞくしせつがあります). The term can also imply a sense of belonging or being part of a larger system or organization.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6916

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reflection

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 省Ministry, Conserve

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反省 (はんせい)' means 'reflection' or 'self-examination'. It refers to the act of looking back on one's actions, thoughts, or behavior to evaluate and learn from them. This term is often used in contexts where someone is considering their mistakes or shortcomings in order to improve. For example: I need to reflect on my actions「私は自分の行動を反省する必要がある」(わたしはじぶんのこうどうをはんせいするひつようがある). After the meeting, he reflected deeply「会議の後、彼は深く反省した」(かいぎのあと、かれはふかくはんせいした). It is commonly used in educational, professional, and personal growth settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6934

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proportion

Reading

Kanji

比Compare, Ratio 例Example

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '比例 (ひれい)' means 'proportion'. It refers to a relationship between two quantities where they increase or decrease at the same rate. This term is often used in mathematical, scientific, or economic contexts to describe a proportional relationship. For example: The price is in proportion to the quality「値段は品質に比例する」(ねだんはひんしつにひれいする). The speed increases in proportion to the force applied「速度は加えられた力に比例して増加する」(そくどはくわえられたちからにひれいしてぞうかする). Note that '比例' can also function as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '比例する (ひれいする)', meaning 'to be proportional'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6941

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

労Labor 働Work

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '労働 (ろうどう)' refers to 'work' or 'labor', specifically in the context of physical or mental effort exerted to achieve a purpose, often in a professional or industrial setting. It is commonly used in discussions about employment, labor rights, or economic activities. For example: He works hard every day「彼は毎日労働する」(かれはまいにちろうどうする). Labor conditions are improving「労働条件が改善されている」(ろうどうじょうけんがいぜんされている). The word can also appear in compounds like '労働者 (ろうどうしゃ)' (worker) or '労働時間 (ろうどうじかん)' (working hours).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6984

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fatigue

Reading

Kanji

疲Tire, Exhausted 労Labor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '疲労 (ひろう)' means 'fatigue'. It refers to a state of physical or mental exhaustion, often resulting from prolonged stress, overwork, or lack of rest. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe tiredness or weariness. For example: I feel fatigue after working all day「一日中働いて疲労を感じる」(いちにちじゅうはたらいてひろうをかんじる). Prolonged fatigue can affect your health「長期間の疲労は健康に影響する」(ちょうきかんのひろうはけんこうにえいきょうする). The word can also be used in medical or technical contexts to describe material fatigue, such as in '金属疲労 (きんぞくひろう) (metal fatigue)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6985

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shortening

Reading

Kanji

短Short 縮Shrink

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '短縮 (たんしゅく)' means 'shortening'. It refers to the act of making something shorter in length, duration, or size. This term is often used in contexts such as time management, physical objects, or processes. For example: The meeting time was shortened「会議の時間が短縮された」(かいぎのじかんがたんしゅくされた). They shortened the document「彼らは文書を短縮した」(かれらはぶんしょをたんしゅくした). It can also be used in technical or formal contexts, such as 'shortening a URL'「URLを短縮する」(ゆーあーるえるをたんしゅくする).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7001

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excess

Reading

Kanji

超Surpass, Transcend 過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '超過 (ちょうか)' means 'excess' or 'going beyond a limit'. It is commonly used to describe situations where something exceeds a set standard, limit, or capacity. For example: The train was overcrowded due to excess passengers「乗客の超過で電車が混雑した」(じょうきゃくのちょうかででんしゃがこんざつした). The project exceeded the budget「プロジェクトが予算を超過した」(ぷろじぇくとがよさんをちょうかした). This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as in business, transportation, or regulations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7022

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overriding

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride 越Go across, Go beyond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乗り越し (のりこし)' refers to the act of traveling beyond one's intended station or stop, often used in the context of public transportation. It can also imply surpassing or overcoming something in a broader sense. For example: I accidentally rode past my station「うっかり乗り越してしまった」(うっかりのりこしてしまった). He overcame many difficulties「彼は多くの困難を乗り越した」(かれはおおくのこんなんをのりこした). This term is commonly encountered in situations involving train or bus travel, where passengers might go further than their planned destination.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7030

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reflection, Reaction

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 射Shoot

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反射 (はんしゃ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'reflection', which refers to the bouncing back of light, sound, or heat from a surface. For example: The light reflects off the mirror「光が鏡に反射する」(ひかりがかがみにはんしゃする). The second meaning is 'reaction', which refers to an automatic or involuntary response to a stimulus. For example: He reacted quickly to the sound「彼はその音に素早く反射した」(かれはそのおとにすばやくはんしゃした). It's important to note that the context in which '反射' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7048

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Victory, Championship

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle 勝Victory

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '優勝 (ゆうしょう)' refers to winning a competition or tournament, often implying a championship or first-place finish. It is commonly used in sports, games, or contests. For example: Our team won the championship「私たちのチームが優勝した」(わたしたちのチームがゆうしょうした). He achieved victory in the tournament「彼はトーナメントで優勝した」(かれはトーナメントでゆうしょうした). The word carries a sense of achievement and is often associated with formal or competitive settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7051

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Request

Reading

Kanji

要Important, Need 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '要望 (ようぼう)' means 'request' or 'demand'. It is used to express a formal or strong desire for something, often in a professional or official context. This term is commonly used in business, customer service, or when making appeals to authorities. For example: we received a request from the client「クライアントから要望がありました」(クライアントからようぼうがありました). The residents submitted a request to the city「住民が市に要望を提出しました」(じゅうみんがしにようぼうをていしゅつしました). Note that '要望' carries a nuance of being a formal or significant request, rather than a casual one.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7068

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Independence

Reading

Kanji

独Alone 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '独立 (どくりつ)' means 'independence'. It refers to the state or condition of being free from external control or influence, often used in contexts such as political independence, economic independence, or personal independence. For example: The country gained independence「その国は独立を勝ち取った」(そのくにはどくりつをかちとった). He lives in independence「彼は独立して生活している」(かれはどくりつしてせいかつしている). This term can also be used in business contexts to describe a company or entity operating independently, as in '独立した会社 (どくりつしたかいしゃ) (independent company)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7072

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monopoly

Reading

Kanji

独Alone 占Fortune telling

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '独占 (どくせん)' means 'monopoly'. It refers to the exclusive control or possession of something, often in a business or economic context. This term is commonly used to describe a situation where a single entity has complete control over a market, product, or service, preventing competition. For example: The company has a monopoly on the market「その会社は市場を独占している」(そのかいしゃはしじょうをどくせんしている). He monopolized the conversation「彼は会話を独占した」(かれはかいわをどくせんした). The word can also be used in a more general sense to describe exclusive possession or control over something, not necessarily in a business context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7087

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reconciliation

Reading

Kanji

仲Relationship 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '仲直り (なかなおり)' refers to the act of reconciling or making up after a disagreement or quarrel. It is commonly used to describe the restoration of friendly relations between people, such as friends, family members, or colleagues. For example: They made up after the fight「彼らは喧嘩の後で仲直りした」(かれらはけんかのあとでなかなおりした). Let's make up and be friends again「仲直りしてまた友達になろう」(なかなおりしてまたともだちになろう). This term emphasizes the resolution of conflict and the return to harmony.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7090

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Love, Romance

Reading

Kanji

恋Love, Romance 愛Love

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '恋愛 (れんあい)' refers to the concept of romantic love or romance. It is often used to describe the emotional and affectionate relationship between two people. This term is commonly used in contexts discussing relationships, dating, or romantic feelings. For example: I want to experience romance「恋愛を経験したい」(れんあいをけいけんしたい). Love is complicated「恋愛は複雑だ」(れんあいはふくざつだ). It is important to note that '恋愛' specifically refers to romantic love, as opposed to other forms of love such as familial or platonic love.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7123

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Birth

Reading

Kanji

誕Birth 生Life

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '誕生 (たんじょう)' primarily means 'birth'. It is used to refer to the act of being born, whether literally (e.g., the birth of a person or animal) or metaphorically (e.g., the birth of an idea or organization). This word is often used in formal or celebratory contexts, such as birthdays or the founding of institutions. Example sentences: The birth of a new era「新しい時代の誕生」(あたらしいじだいのたんじょう). Today is my birthday「今日は私の誕生日です」(きょうはわたしのたんじょうびです). The company celebrated its 100th anniversary since its birth「その会社は誕生から100周年を祝った」(そのかいしゃはたんじょうから100しゅうねんをいわった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7125

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Debate

Reading

Kanji

弁Valve, Dialect 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '弁論 (べんろん)' refers to a formal debate or argument, often in a structured setting such as a court, parliament, or academic environment. It emphasizes the act of presenting and defending a position logically and persuasively. For example: The lawyer's debate was impressive「弁護士の弁論は印象的だった」(べんごしのべんろんはいんしょうてきだった). The students participated in a debate competition「学生たちは弁論大会に参加した」(がくせいたちはべんろんたいかいにさんかした). This term is commonly used in legal, political, and educational contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7138

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Protection

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 護Protect, Defend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '保護 (ほご)' means 'protection'. It refers to the act of protecting or safeguarding someone or something from harm, danger, or damage. This term is often used in contexts such as environmental protection, legal protection, or the protection of rights. For example: environmental protection is important「環境保護は大切です」(かんきょうほごはたいせつです). The law provides protection for workers「法律は労働者を保護します」(ほうりつはろうどうしゃをほごします). Note that '保護' is commonly used in formal or official contexts and can be paired with verbs like 'する' to form phrases like '保護する' (to protect).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7140

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defense

Reading

Kanji

弁Valve, Dialect 護Protect, Defend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '弁護 (べんご)' means 'defense' and is primarily used in legal contexts. It refers to the act of defending someone, particularly in a court of law, or advocating for their rights. This term is often associated with lawyers or legal professionals who provide defense in legal cases. For example: The lawyer provided a strong defense「弁護士は強力な弁護をした」(べんごしはきょうりょくなべんごをした). He is known for his defense of human rights「彼は人権の弁護で知られている」(かれはじんけんのべんごでしられている). Note that '弁護' is often used in compound words like '弁護士 (べんごし)' (lawyer) or '自己弁護 (じこべんご)' (self-defense).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7141

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Denial

Reading

Kanji

否Negate 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '否定 (ひてい)' means 'denial' or 'negation'. It is used to express the act of denying or negating something, such as a statement, fact, or claim. This word is often used in formal or logical contexts. For example: he denied the accusation「彼はその非難を否定した」(かれはそのひなんをひていした). The theory was negated by new evidence「その理論は新しい証拠によって否定された」(そのりろんはあたらしいしょうこによってひていされた). It can also be used in phrases like '自己否定 (じこひてい)' (self-denial) or '否定形 (ひていけい)' (negative form in grammar).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7154

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deposit

Reading

Kanji

預Deposit 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '預金 (よきん)' refers to the act of depositing money into a bank or financial institution, or the money that has been deposited. It is commonly used in contexts related to banking and finance. For example: I made a deposit at the bank「銀行に預金をした」(ぎんこうによきんをした). The deposit earns interest「その預金は利息がつく」(そのよきんはりそくがつく). This term is often used in formal or financial contexts, and it can refer to both the action of depositing and the deposited funds themselves.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7166

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Understanding, Acceptance

Reading

Kanji

納Settlement 得Acquire

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '納得 (なっとく)' refers to the act of accepting or understanding something, often after being convinced or persuaded. It implies a sense of agreement or satisfaction with an explanation or situation. For example: I finally understood his explanation「彼の説明に納得した」(かれのせつめいになっとくした). She couldn't accept the decision「彼女はその決定に納得できなかった」(かのじょはそのけっていになっとくできなかった). This word is often used in contexts where logical reasoning or emotional persuasion leads to a resolution or agreement.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7167

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loss

Reading

Kanji

損Loss, Damage

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '損 (そん)' means 'loss'. It refers to a disadvantage, harm, or negative outcome resulting from an action or situation. It is often used in contexts involving financial loss, missed opportunities, or general detriment. For example: I suffered a loss「損をした」(そんをした). It's a loss to miss this opportunity「この機会を逃すのは損だ」(このきかいをのがすのはそんだ). The word can also appear in compound terms like '損害 (そんがい)' (damage) or '損得 (そんとく)' (loss and gain).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7172

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sunburn

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 焼Burn, Bake

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '日焼け (ひやけ)' refers to the condition of the skin becoming red or darkened due to exposure to the sun. It is commonly used to describe the result of spending time under strong sunlight, such as at the beach or during outdoor activities. For example: I got a sunburn at the beach「海で日焼けした」(うみでひやけした). Her face is red from sunburn「彼女の顔は日焼けで赤い」(かのじょのかおはひやけであかい). The term can also imply a tan, depending on the context, but it primarily emphasizes the effect of sun exposure on the skin.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7175

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distribution, Dispersion

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 散Scatter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '分散 (ぶんさん)' primarily means 'dispersion' or 'distribution'. It is used to describe the act of spreading something out over a wide area or among many people. In statistics, it refers to the spread of data points. For example: The dispersion of light creates a rainbow「光の分散が虹を作る」(ひかりのぶんさんがにじをつくる). The company distributed the profits among its employees「会社は利益を従業員に分散した」(かいしゃはりえきをじゅうぎょういんにぶんさんした). Note that '分散' can also imply a sense of scattering or decentralization, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7179

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rice planting

Reading

Kanji

田Rice field 植Plant

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '田植え (たうえ)' refers to the act of planting rice seedlings in a paddy field. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese agriculture and culture, as rice has been a staple food in Japan for centuries. The process of '田植え' is typically carried out during the rainy season in early summer. For example: Rice planting is hard work「田植えは大変な仕事です」(たうえはたいへんなしごとです). They started rice planting early in the morning「彼らは朝早く田植えを始めました」(かれらはあさはやくたうえをはじめました). This term is often used in contexts related to farming, rural life, and traditional Japanese practices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7184

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Analysis

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 析Chop, Analyze

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '分析 (ぶんせき)' means 'analysis'. It refers to the process of examining something in detail to understand its nature or structure. This word is commonly used in academic, scientific, and business contexts. For example: The data analysis is complete「データの分析が完了した」(データのぶんせきがかんりょうした). We need to analyze the market trends「市場の動向を分析する必要がある」(しじょうのどうこうをぶんせきするひつようがある). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as analyzing a situation or problem.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7196

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Treatment

Reading

Kanji

治Cure, Reign 療Cure, Heal

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '治療 (ちりょう)' means 'treatment' and is commonly used in medical or therapeutic contexts. It refers to the act of treating an illness, injury, or condition to improve or cure it. This word is often used in phrases like '治療を受ける (ちりょうをうける)' (to receive treatment) or '治療が必要 (ちりょうがひつよう)' (treatment is necessary). Example sentences: The doctor recommended treatment「医者は治療を勧めた」(いしゃはちりょうをすすめた). This disease requires immediate treatment「この病気はすぐに治療が必要だ」(このびょうきはすぐにちりょうがひつようだ).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7198

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addiction

Reading

Kanji

中Center 毒Poison

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '中毒 (ちゅうどく)' refers to 'addiction' or 'poisoning'. It is used to describe a state of being addicted to something, such as a substance, activity, or behavior. It can also refer to poisoning, though this usage is less common in everyday conversation. For example: He has a smartphone addiction「彼はスマホ中毒です」(かれはスマホちゅうどくです). Food poisoning is dangerous「食中毒は危険です」(しょくちゅうどくはきけんです). The word is often combined with other nouns to specify the type of addiction or poisoning, such as 'アルコール中毒 (あるこーるちゅうどく)' (alcohol addiction) or '薬物中毒 (やくぶつちゅうどく)' (drug addiction).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7199

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Editing

Reading

Kanji

編Edit, Knit 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '編集 (へんしゅう)' means 'editing'. It refers to the process of revising, correcting, or preparing written, visual, or audio material for publication or presentation. This term is commonly used in contexts such as book editing, video editing, or magazine editing. For example: I am editing a book「本を編集しています」(ほんをへんしゅうしています). She is good at video editing「彼女は動画編集が得意です」(かのじょはどうがへんしゅうがとくいです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '編集者 (へんしゅうしゃ)' (editor) or '編集作業 (へんしゅうさぎょう)' (editing work).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7203

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expulsion, Banishment

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 放Release

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '追放 (ついほう)' refers to the act of expelling or banishing someone or something. It is often used in contexts where a person is forced to leave a place, group, or organization, or when something is removed or eliminated. For example: The dictator was banished from the country「独裁者は国から追放された」(どくさいしゃはくにからついほうされた). The company expelled the corrupt employee「会社は不正な従業員を追放した」(かいしゃはふせいなじゅうぎょういんをついほうした). This term can also be used metaphorically, such as expelling harmful ideas or practices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7204

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ignore

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 視See, Look

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '無視 (むし)' means 'ignore'. It refers to the act of deliberately paying no attention to someone or something. This word is often used in contexts where someone is disregarding rules, signals, or even people. For example: he ignored the red light「彼は赤信号を無視した」(かれはあかしんごうをむしした). She ignored my advice「彼女は私のアドバイスを無視した」(かのじょはわたしのアドバイスをむしした). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as ignoring a problem or issue. Note that '無視' is a noun but can function similarly to a verb when combined with suru (する), as in '無視する' (to ignore).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7207

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'チェンジ (chenji)' means 'change'. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in contexts involving switching, altering, or replacing something. This word is often used in sports, technology, and everyday situations. For example: Let's change the plan「プランをチェンジしましょう」(ぷらんをちぇんじしましょう). The player was changed during the game「試合中に選手がチェンジされた」(しあいちゅうにせんしゅがちぇんじされた). It can also refer to changing clothes or shifting gears in a car. Note that 'チェンジ' is typically used in casual or modern contexts, and more formal situations might use native Japanese words like '変更 (へんこう)' instead.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

7211

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Development

Reading

Kanji

展Unfold, Expand 開Open

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '展開 (てんかい)' primarily means 'development' or 'unfolding'. It is used to describe the progression or evolution of events, situations, or ideas. This word is often used in contexts such as storylines, plans, or discussions. For example: The story's development was unexpected「物語の展開は予想外だった」(ものがみのてんかいはよそうがいだった). The plan's development is proceeding smoothly「計画の展開は順調に進んでいる」(けいかくのてんかいはじゅんちょうにすすんでいる). It can also refer to the deployment or spreading out of something, such as troops or resources, though this usage is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7212

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Development

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 展Unfold, Expand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発展 (はってん)' primarily means 'development'. It refers to the process of growth, progress, or expansion in various contexts, such as economic, social, or technological development. For example: The city's development is remarkable「その都市の発展は目覚ましい」(そのとしのはってんはめざましい). The company aims for global development「その会社は世界的な発展を目指している」(そのかいしゃはせかいてきなはってんをめざしている). This word is often used in formal or professional contexts to describe advancements or improvements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7213

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tax free

Reading

Kanji

免Excuse, Exempt 税Tax

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '免税 (めんぜい)' refers to the exemption from taxes, particularly in the context of shopping or transactions. It is commonly used in situations where goods are sold without the addition of tax, often to tourists or in duty-free shops. For example: This shop offers tax-free shopping「この店は免税です」(このみせはめんぜいです). I bought this bag tax-free「このバッグは免税で買いました」(このバッグはめんぜいでかいました). The term is also used in official contexts to describe tax exemptions on certain goods or services.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7220

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Message

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '伝言 (でんごん)' means 'message'. It refers to a piece of information or communication that is passed from one person to another, often when direct communication is not possible. This word is commonly used in situations where someone leaves a message for another person, such as through a phone call, email, or a note. For example: Please leave a message「伝言をお願いします」(でんごんをおねがいします). I received a message from him「彼から伝言をもらいました」(かれからでんごんをもらいました). The word can also be used in the form '伝言する (でんごんする)', which means 'to leave a message' or 'to pass on a message'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7222

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Infection

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit 染Dye

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '伝染 (でんせん)' means 'infection' or 'contagion'. It refers to the process by which a disease or condition spreads from one person, animal, or thing to another. This word is often used in medical or biological contexts but can also be applied metaphorically to describe the spread of ideas, emotions, or behaviors. For example: The flu is highly contagious「インフルエンザは伝染しやすい」(インフルエンザはでんせんしやすい). Fear can spread like an infection「恐怖は伝染する」(きょうふはでんせんする). Note that '伝染' is often used with verbs like 'する' (to do) to indicate the act of spreading or becoming infected.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7223

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parking

Reading

Kanji

駐Parking, Stationed 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '駐車 (ちゅうしゃ)' means 'parking'. It refers to the act of parking a vehicle, such as a car, in a designated area. This term is commonly used in contexts related to traffic regulations, parking lots, and vehicle management. For example: Parking is prohibited here「ここは駐車禁止です」(ここはちゅうしゃきんしです). I am looking for a parking space「駐車場を探しています」(ちゅうしゃじょうをさがしています). Note that '駐車' is often combined with other words to form compound terms, such as '駐車場 (ちゅうしゃじょう)' (parking lot) or '駐車禁止 (ちゅうしゃきんし)' (no parking).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7229

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrival

Reading

Kanji

到Reach, Arrival 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '到着 (とうちゃく)' means 'arrival'. It refers to the act of reaching a destination or the state of having arrived somewhere. This word is commonly used in contexts related to travel, transportation, or events. For example: The train's arrival is delayed「電車の到着が遅れています」(でんしゃのとうちゃくがおくれています). I will inform you upon my arrival「到着したらお知らせします」(とうちゃくしたらおしらせします). It is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of arriving, as in '到着する (とうちゃくする)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7234

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrival, Attainment

Reading

Kanji

到Reach, Arrival 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '到達 (とうたつ)' refers to the act of reaching or arriving at a destination, goal, or conclusion. It can be used in both physical and abstract contexts. For example: The climbers reached the summit「登山者たちは山頂に到達した」(とざんしゃたちはさんちょうにとうたつした). The research has reached a conclusion「研究は結論に到達した」(けんきゅうはけつろんにとうたつした). This term emphasizes the completion of a journey or process, highlighting the effort or time taken to achieve the result.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7235

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bankruptcy

Reading

Kanji

倒Topple, Overthrow 産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '倒産 (とうさん)' refers to the state or event of a business going bankrupt or insolvent. It is commonly used in economic and business contexts to describe a company's failure to continue operations due to financial difficulties. For example: The company went bankrupt「その会社は倒産した」(そのかいしゃはとうさんした). Many small businesses face bankruptcy「多くの小企業が倒産に直面している」(おおくのしょうきぎょうがとうさんにちょくめんしている). The term is often used in news reports or discussions about economic trends.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7236

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rear end

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 突Stab, Dash

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '追突 (ついとつ)' refers to a rear-end collision, typically involving vehicles. It is used to describe the act of one vehicle hitting the back of another vehicle. This term is commonly used in traffic accident reports and discussions about road safety. For example: There was a rear-end collision on the highway「高速道路で追突事故があった」(こうそくどうろでついとつじこがあった). The car behind me rear-ended my car「後ろの車が私の車に追突した」(うしろのくるまがわたしのくるまについとつした). It's important to note that '追突' specifically refers to the action of hitting from behind, distinguishing it from other types of collisions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7244

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Evacuation

Reading

Kanji

避Avoid, Dodge 難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '避難 (ひなん)' means 'evacuation'. It refers to the act of leaving a place of danger or moving to a safer location, often used in contexts like natural disasters, emergencies, or hazardous situations. For example: The evacuation was completed quickly「避難は迅速に行われた」(ひなんはじんそくにおこなわれた). Please evacuate to the designated area「指定された場所に避難してください」(していされたばしょにひなんしてください). This word is commonly used in public announcements, safety instructions, and disaster preparedness contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7245

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crash

Reading

Kanji

墜Fall, Crash 落Fall

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '墜落 (ついらく)' means 'crash', specifically referring to a fall or crash from a height, such as an airplane or object falling to the ground. It is often used in contexts involving accidents or disasters. For example: the airplane crashed「飛行機が墜落した」(ひこうきがついらくした). The satellite crashed into the ocean「衛星が海に墜落した」(えいせいがうみについらくした). This word carries a serious and dramatic connotation, often implying significant damage or loss.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7246

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uneven

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'でこぼこ (でこぼこ)' means 'uneven' or 'rough'. It is used to describe surfaces or textures that are not smooth, such as bumpy roads or uneven ground. This word can also metaphorically describe situations or conditions that are irregular or inconsistent. For example: The road is uneven「道がでこぼこだ」(みちがでこぼこだ). The surface of the table is rough「テーブルの表面はでこぼこしている」(テーブルのひょうめんはでこぼこしている). Note that 'でこぼこ' can also function as an adjective when combined with 'する' to describe the state of being uneven or rough.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

7248

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Explosion

Reading

Kanji

爆Burst, Explode 発Departure

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '爆発 (ばくはつ)' means 'explosion'. It refers to a sudden and violent release of energy, often accompanied by a loud noise and destruction. This word can be used literally, such as in the context of a bomb exploding, or figuratively, to describe a sudden outburst of emotions or events. For example: The explosion was heard far away「爆発が遠くまで聞こえた」(ばくはつがとおくまできこえた). His anger exploded「彼の怒りが爆発した」(かれのいかりがばくはつした). The word can also be used in compound forms, such as '爆発物 (ばくはつぶつ)' (explosive material) or '爆発力 (ばくはつりょく)' (explosive power).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7252

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crash

Reading

Kanji

暴Violent, Outburst 落Fall

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '暴落 (ぼうらく)' refers to a sudden and drastic drop or crash, particularly in financial contexts such as stock prices or market values. It conveys a sense of rapid and uncontrollable decline. For example: The stock market crashed「株価が暴落した」(かぶかがぼうらくした). The price of oil crashed「石油の価格が暴落した」(せきゆのかかくがぼうらくした). This term is often used in economic or financial discussions to describe significant and unexpected downturns.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7253

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Violence, Roughness

Reading

Kanji

乱Disorder, Riot 暴Violent, Outburst

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乱暴 (らんぼう)' can mean 'violence' or 'roughness'. It refers to aggressive or unruly behavior, often implying a lack of control or consideration for others. It can describe physical actions, such as hitting or pushing, or more abstract behaviors, like speaking harshly or acting recklessly. For example: He was scolded for his violent behavior「彼は乱暴な行為を叱られた」(かれはらんぼうなこういをしかられた). Don't handle the equipment roughly「その装置を乱暴に扱わないで」(そのそうちをらんぼうにあつかわないで). The word can also be used as an adjective, as in '乱暴な人 (らんぼうなひと)' (violent/rough person).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7254

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defense

Reading

Kanji

防Prevent, Defend 衛Protect, Defense

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '防衛 (ぼうえい)' means 'defense'. It refers to the act of protecting or safeguarding something, often used in contexts like national defense, self-defense, or protecting against threats. For example: national defense is important「防衛は重要だ」(ぼうえいはじゅうようだ). They are strengthening their defense「彼らは防衛を強化している」(かれらはぼうえいをきょうかしている). This term is commonly used in military, legal, and personal safety contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7257

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prevention

Reading

Kanji

防Prevent, Defend 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '防止 (ぼうし)' means 'prevention'. It is used to describe the act of stopping something from happening or avoiding a negative outcome. This word is often used in contexts related to safety, security, and health. For example: crime prevention「犯罪防止」(はんざいぼうし). Accident prevention「事故防止」(じこぼうし). It is commonly paired with other nouns to form compound words that specify what is being prevented, such as '火災防止 (かさいぼうし) (fire prevention)' or '感染防止 (かんせんぼうし) (infection prevention)'. The word carries a formal tone and is frequently used in official or technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7258

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prevention

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 防Prevent, Defend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予防 (よぼう)' means 'prevention'. It refers to actions or measures taken to avoid or reduce the risk of something undesirable, such as diseases, accidents, or problems. It is commonly used in contexts related to health, safety, and maintenance. For example: disease prevention「病気の予防」(びょうきのよぼう). Accident prevention is important「事故の予防は大切です」(じこのよぼうはたいせつです). This word is often paired with verbs like 'する' to form phrases like '予防する' (to prevent).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7259

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Obstruction

Reading

Kanji

妨Hinder, Disturb 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '妨害 (ぼうがい)' means 'obstruction' or 'interference'. It refers to the act of hindering or preventing something from happening, often intentionally. This word is commonly used in contexts such as communication, progress, or activities being disrupted. For example: The noise was an obstruction to our conversation「騒音が会話の妨害になった」(そうおんがかいわのぼうがいになった). The protest caused an obstruction to traffic「デモが交通の妨害になった」(デモがこうつうのぼうがいになった). It can also be used in legal or technical contexts, such as 'signal interference'「信号の妨害」(しんごうのぼうがい).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7262

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resistance

Reading

Kanji

抵Resist, Match 抗Resist, Confront

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '抵抗 (ていこう)' primarily means 'resistance'. It can refer to physical resistance, such as opposing a force or pressure, or metaphorical resistance, such as opposing an idea, authority, or change. For example: He showed resistance to the new policy「彼は新しい方針に抵抗した」(かれはあたらしいほうしんにていこうした). The material has high resistance to heat「その材料は熱に強い抵抗がある」(そのざいりょうはねつにつよいていこうがある). In some contexts, it can also imply reluctance or hesitation, as in 'I felt resistance to the idea'「その考えに抵抗を感じた」(そのかんがえにていこうをかんじた).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7267

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prosperity

Reading

Kanji

繁Thrive, Overgrown 栄Prosper, Flourish

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '繁栄 (はんえい)' means 'prosperity'. It refers to the state of flourishing, thriving, or being successful, often in the context of economic, social, or cultural growth. This word is commonly used in formal or written contexts to describe the prosperity of a nation, business, or community. For example: The prosperity of the country depends on innovation「国の繁栄は革新にかかっている」(くにのはんえいかくしんにかかっている). We wish for the continued prosperity of our company「我々は会社の継続的な繁栄を願っています」(われわれはかいしゃのけいぞくてきなはんえいをねがっています). Note that '繁栄' is often used in a positive and aspirational sense, emphasizing growth and success.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7270

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bathing

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 浴Bathe

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '入浴 (にゅうよく)' refers to the act of bathing, particularly entering a bath. It is commonly used in contexts related to personal hygiene, relaxation, or traditional Japanese bathing culture. For example: I enjoy bathing「私は入浴を楽しむ」(わたしはにゅうよくをたのしむ). After work, I always take a bath「仕事の後、いつも入浴する」(しごとのあと、いつもにゅうよくする). This word is often associated with soaking in a bathtub, especially in a Japanese-style bath (ofuro).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7282

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advice

Reading

Kanji

忠Loyalty 告Announce

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '忠告 (ちゅうこく)' means 'advice'. It refers to counsel or recommendations given to someone, often with the intention of helping them avoid mistakes or improve their situation. This word carries a formal tone and is typically used in serious or important contexts. For example: I gave him advice「彼に忠告をした」(かれにちゅうこくをした). She ignored my advice「彼女は私の忠告を無視した」(かのじょはわたしのちゅうこくをむしした). It is important to note that '忠告' often implies a sense of sincerity or earnestness in the advice being given.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7295

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cohabitation

Reading

Kanji

同Same 居Reside, Be

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '同居 (どうきょ)' refers to the act of living together, typically in the same household. It is often used to describe situations where multiple people, such as family members, roommates, or partners, share a living space. This term can also imply a sense of coexistence or shared living arrangements. For example: My grandparents live with us「祖父母が同居している」(そふぼがどうきょしている). They decided to cohabitate after getting married「結婚後に同居することにした」(けっこんごにどうきょすることにした). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as describing the coexistence of different species or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7310

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grave visiting

Reading

Kanji

墓Grave 参Participate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '墓参り (はかまいり)' refers to the act of visiting a grave, typically to pay respects to deceased family members or ancestors. This practice is common during specific times of the year, such as Obon (a Buddhist festival honoring the spirits of ancestors) or on anniversaries of a loved one's death. For example: I went gravevisiting yesterday「昨日、墓参りに行きました」(きのう、はかまいりにいきました). We will visit the grave during Obon「お盆に墓参りをします」(おぼんにはかまいりをします). The term emphasizes the cultural and familial significance of honoring the deceased.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7322

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Split, Division

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 裂Split, Tear

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '分裂 (ぶんれつ)' refers to the act of splitting or dividing, often used in both physical and abstract contexts. It can describe the division of cells, groups, opinions, or even countries. For example: The cell split into two「細胞が分裂した」(さいぼうがぶんれつした). The political party experienced a division「政党が分裂した」(せいとうがぶんれつした). This word is commonly used in scientific, political, and social contexts to describe a clear separation or fragmentation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7335

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bandage

Reading

Kanji

包Wrap 帯Belt, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '包帯 (ほうたい)' refers to a 'bandage', which is a strip of material used to cover and protect wounds. It is commonly used in medical contexts or when discussing injuries. For example: I wrapped a bandage around the wound「傷に包帯を巻いた」(きずにほうたいをまいた). The nurse changed the bandage「看護師が包帯を替えた」(かんごしがほうたいをかえた). This word is often used in both casual and formal settings when discussing medical care or first aid.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7338

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pregnancy

Reading

Kanji

妊Pregnant, Swollen 娠Pregnant, Pregnancy

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '妊娠 (にんしん)' refers to the state of being pregnant. It is used to describe the condition of a woman carrying a developing embryo or fetus within her body. This term is commonly used in medical, personal, and formal contexts. For example: She is happy about her pregnancy「彼女は妊娠を喜んでいる」(かのじょはにんしんをよろこんでいる). The doctor confirmed the pregnancy「医者が妊娠を確認した」(いしゃがにんしんをかくにんした). It is important to note that '妊娠' is a noun and is often used with verbs like 'する' to indicate the act of becoming pregnant, as in '妊娠する (にんしんする)' (to become pregnant).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7345

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enclosure

Reading

Kanji

同Same 封Seal

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '同封 (どうふう)' refers to the act of enclosing something within a letter, package, or document. It is commonly used in formal or business contexts when sending additional materials along with the main content. For example: I enclosed a brochure with the letter「手紙にパンフレットを同封しました」(てがみにぱんふれっとをどうふうしました). Please find the document enclosed in the envelope「封筒に書類を同封しております」(ふうとうにしょるいをどうふうしております). The term emphasizes the inclusion of supplementary items and is often used in written communication.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7352

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Measure

Reading

Kanji

措Dispose, Set aside 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '措置 (そち)' refers to a 'measure' or 'step' taken to address a situation or problem. It is often used in formal or official contexts to describe actions or policies implemented to resolve issues. For example: The government took measures to prevent the spread of the disease「政府は病気の拡散を防ぐための措置を取った」(せいふはびょうきのかくさんをふせぐためのそちをとった). The company implemented safety measures「会社は安全措置を実施した」(かいしゃはあんぜんそちをじっしした). This term is commonly used in discussions about policies, regulations, or administrative actions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

See

Reading

Kanji

拝Worship 見See

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '拝見 (はいけん)' is a humble expression meaning 'to see' or 'to look at'. It is used to show respect or humility when referring to the act of seeing something, especially when the subject is something belonging to someone of higher status or when the speaker wants to be polite. For example: I will take a look at the document「書類を拝見します」(しょるいをはいけんします). May I see your work?「あなたの作品を拝見してもいいですか？」(あなたのさくひんをはいけんしてもいいですか？). This term is often used in formal or business settings to convey politeness and respect.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7359

Composition

kanji

Handwriting