word

Meaning

Heavy

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '重たい (おもたい)' means 'heavy'. It is used to describe something that has a significant weight or feels burdensome. This word can be used for physical objects, as well as abstract concepts like emotions or responsibilities. For example: this box is heavy「この箱は重たい」(このはこはおもたい). My heart feels heavy「私の心が重たい」(わたしのこころがおもたい). Note that '重たい' is often used in casual speech, while '重い (おもい)' is more formal and can also mean 'serious' or 'important' in certain contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2737

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fast

Reading

Kanji

速Quick

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '速い (はやい)' means 'fast'. This adjective is used to describe something that moves, happens, or is done quickly. It can refer to physical speed, such as a fast car or runner, or to the speed of an action or process. For example: The train is fast「電車は速い」(でんしゃははやい). He runs fast「彼は速く走る」(かれははやくはしる). It's important to note that '速い' is often used to describe the speed of movement or action, while '早い (はやい)' is used to describe something happening early in time. However, both are pronounced the same way and can sometimes be confused.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2756

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sharp

Reading

Kanji

鋭Sharp

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '鋭い (するどい)' primarily means 'sharp'. This can refer to physical sharpness, such as a knife or blade, but it is also commonly used to describe mental sharpness, keen senses, or intense emotions. For example: a sharp knife「鋭いナイフ」(するどいナイフ). He has a sharp mind「彼は鋭い頭脳を持っている」(かれはするどいずのうをもっている). The word can also describe something piercing or intense, like a sharp pain or a sharp gaze. For instance: a sharp pain「鋭い痛み」(するどいいたみ). It is important to note that '鋭い' is often used metaphorically to describe abstract qualities, such as sharp wit or keen observation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2780

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blue

Reading

Kanji

青Blue

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '青い (あおい)' primarily means 'blue'. It is used to describe objects, colors, or even emotions that are associated with the color blue. For example: the sky is blue「空は青い」(そらはあおい). This adjective can also metaphorically describe something as being inexperienced or unripe, such as in the phrase '青い考え (あおいかんがえ)' meaning 'immature thoughts'. However, this secondary usage is less common and context-dependent. Another example: the sea looks blue today「今日の海は青い」(きょうのうみはあおい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2796

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reassuring

Reading

Kanji

心Heart 強Strong

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '心強い (こころづよい)' means 'reassuring' or 'heartening'. It is used to describe a feeling of confidence, support, or relief, often because someone or something provides a sense of security or encouragement. This word is commonly used in situations where one feels bolstered by the presence or actions of others. For example: It's reassuring to have you here「あなたがここにいてくれると心強い」(あなたがここにいてくれるとこころづよい). His words were very reassuring「彼の言葉はとても心強かった」(かれのことばはとてもこころづよかった). The nuance of this word often implies emotional support or a sense of being uplifted in challenging situations.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2836

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forceful

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '強引 (ごういん)' means 'forceful' or 'pushy'. It describes actions or behavior that are done in a way that disregards others' opinions or feelings, often implying a lack of consideration or subtlety. This word carries a slightly negative connotation, suggesting that the action is overly aggressive or coercive. For example: He made a forceful decision「彼は強引に決めた」(かれはごういんにきめた). The salesman was pushy「そのセールスマンは強引だった」(そのセールスマンはごういんだった). It is often used to criticize someone's behavior or approach.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2837

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Selfish

Reading

Kanji

勝Victory 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '勝手 (かって)' primarily means 'selfish' and is used to describe someone who acts without considering others, often prioritizing their own interests. It can also imply a sense of arbitrariness or doing things as one pleases. For example: He is so selfish「彼はとても勝手だ」(かれはとてもかってだ). Don't be so selfish!「そんなに勝手にするな！」(そんなにかってにするな！). Additionally, '勝手' can sometimes refer to the layout or convenience of a place, but this usage is less common and typically appears in specific contexts like '勝手が違う (かってがちがう)', meaning 'the situation is different' or 'things are not as expected.'

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2871

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Helpless

Reading

Kanji

仕Serve 方Direction 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '仕方無い (しかたない)' means 'helpless' or 'it can't be helped'. It is used to express resignation or acceptance of a situation that cannot be changed or controlled. This word often conveys a sense of inevitability or lack of alternatives. For example: It can't be helped, we have to wait「仕方ない、待つしかない」(しかたない、まつしかない). There's nothing we can do about it「仕方ないことだ」(しかたないことだ). It is commonly used in casual conversations to express frustration or acceptance of an unavoidable outcome.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2880

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thick, Kind

Reading

Kanji

厚Thick, Kind

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '厚い (あつい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'thick', referring to the physical thickness of an object, such as a book or a piece of clothing. For example: this book is thick「この本は厚い」(このほんはあつい). The second meaning is 'kind' or 'deep', often used to describe someone's kindness or the depth of a relationship. For example: he is very kind「彼はとても厚い人だ」(かれはとてもあついひとだ). It's important to note that the context in which '厚い' is used will determine whether it refers to physical thickness or emotional depth.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2881

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close

Reading

Kanji

親Parent

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '親しい (したしい)' means 'close' in the sense of having a close or intimate relationship with someone. It is used to describe a strong bond or familiarity between people, such as friends, family members, or colleagues. For example: She is my close friend「彼女は私の親しい友達です」(かのじょはわたしのしたしいともだちです). We have a close relationship「私たちは親しい関係です」(わたしたちはしたしいかんけいです). This word can also imply trust and emotional closeness, and it is often used in contexts where the relationship is personal rather than formal.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2923

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hot

Reading

Kanji

暑Hot

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '暑い (あつい)' means 'hot' and is specifically used to describe hot weather or a hot climate. It is not used for objects or food, which would instead use '熱い (あつい)'. For example: today is hot「今日は暑い」(きょうはあつい). This summer is very hot「この夏はとても暑い」(このなつはとてもあつい). Note that '暑い' is often used to express discomfort due to high temperatures, as in '暑いですね (あついですね) (It's hot, isn't it?)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3006

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Young

Reading

Kanji

幼Childhood, Infancy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '幼い (おさない)' means 'young'. It is used to describe someone or something that is in an early stage of life or development. This word often carries a nuance of immaturity or inexperience, and it can be used for both people and animals. For example: The child is still young「その子はまだ幼い」(そのこはまだおさない). Her dreams are still young and naive「彼女の夢はまだ幼い」(かのじょのゆめはまだおさない). Note that '幼い' can also imply a sense of innocence or lack of sophistication, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3010

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suitable

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '相応しい (ふさわしい)' means 'suitable' or 'appropriate'. It is used to describe something that is fitting or proper for a particular situation, person, or context. This word often carries a nuance of being well-matched or deserving. For example: He is suitable for the position「彼はその役職に相応しい」(かれはそのやくしょくにふさわしい). This gift is appropriate for the occasion「この贈り物はその場に相応しい」(このおくりものはそのばにふさわしい). The adjective is commonly used in formal or polite contexts and can describe people, actions, or objects.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3025

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rapid

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent 速Quick

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '急速 (きゅうそく)' means 'rapid'. It is used to describe something that happens or progresses at a fast pace. This word is often used in contexts related to growth, development, or change. For example: rapid economic growth「急速な経済成長」(きゅうそくなけいざいせいちょう). The situation is changing rapidly「状況が急速に変化している」(じょうきょうがきゅうそくにへんかしている). Note that '急速' is typically used in formal or written contexts rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3081

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Long

Reading

Kanji

久Long time

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '久しい (ひさしい)' means 'long' in the sense of a considerable amount of time having passed. It is often used to describe a period that feels lengthy or to express that something has not happened for a long time. For example: It has been a long time since we last met「私たちが最後に会ってから久しい」(わたしたちがさいごにあったからひさしい). It's been a long time since it rained「雨が降ってから久しい」(あめがふってからひさしい). This adjective conveys a sense of nostalgia or the passage of time and is typically used in written or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3128

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Main

Reading

Kanji

主Master

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '主 (おも)' means 'main' or 'principal'. It is used to describe something that is the most important, primary, or central in a given context. This word is often used to refer to the main part of something, the main reason, or the main focus. For example: the main reason「主な理由」(おもなりゆう). The main character in the story「物語の主な登場人物」(ものがたりのおもなとうじょうじんぶつ). Note that '主 (おも)' is often followed by the particle 'な' when used attributively to modify a noun, as in '主な理由 (おもなりゆう) (main reason)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3280

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rare, Grateful

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '有り難い (ありがたい)' has two primary meanings. The first and most common meaning is 'grateful' or 'thankful', expressing deep appreciation for something received or experienced. For example: I am grateful for your help「あなたの助けは有り難い」(あなたのたすけはありがたい). The second meaning is 'rare' or 'precious', referring to something that is uncommon or hard to come by. For example: Such kindness is rare「そのような親切は有り難い」(そのようなしんせつはありがたい). The word originates from the idea that something is so rare or precious that it feels like a blessing, hence the dual meanings. It is often used in formal or heartfelt contexts to express gratitude or acknowledge the rarity of a situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3303

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Economical

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 済Finish, Settle 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '経済的 (けいざいてき)' means 'economical'. It is used to describe something that is cost-effective, efficient, or financially prudent. This word is often used in contexts where saving money or resources is emphasized. For example: This car is economical「この車は経済的です」(このくるまはけいざいてきです). Using public transportation is economical「公共交通機関を使うのは経済的です」(こうきょうこうつうきかんをつかうのはけいざいてきです). The term can also imply a broader sense of efficiency, not just limited to financial savings.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3321

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voluntary

Reading

Kanji

自Self 主Master 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '自主的 (じしゅてき)' means 'voluntary' or 'self-directed'. It is used to describe actions, behaviors, or decisions that are undertaken by one's own initiative, without external compulsion. This word often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing independence and self-motivation. For example: She made a voluntary decision to help「彼女は自主的に助けることにした」(かのじょはじしゅてきにたすけることにした). The students organized the event voluntarily「学生たちは自主的にイベントを企画した」(がくせいたちはじしゅてきにイベントをきかくした). It is commonly used in contexts related to education, work, or personal responsibility.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3322

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rational

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 理Reason 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '合理的 (ごうりてき)' means 'rational' or 'logical'. It is used to describe something that is based on reason, logic, or efficiency. This word is often used in contexts where decisions, systems, or methods are being evaluated for their practicality or logical soundness. For example: His approach is very rational「彼のアプローチはとても合理的だ」(かれのアプローチはとてもごうりてきだ). This system is designed to be rational「このシステムは合理的に設計されている」(このシステムはごうりてきにせっけいされている). The term can also imply efficiency or being well-organized, as in '合理的な計画 (ごうりてきなけいかく) (rational plan)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3324

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formal

Reading

Kanji

形Shape 式Style, Ceremony 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '形式的 (けいしきてき)' means 'formal'. It is used to describe something that adheres strictly to established forms, rules, or conventions, often implying a lack of genuine substance or feeling. For example: The meeting was just a formality「会議は形式的なものだった」(かいぎはけいしきてきなものだった). Their apology seemed formal and insincere「彼らの謝罪は形式的で誠意が感じられなかった」(かれらのしゃざいはけいしきてきでせいいがかんじられなかった). This word is often used in contexts where actions or procedures are done out of obligation rather than genuine intent.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3329

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practical

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 用Use 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '実用的 (じつようてき)' means 'practical'. It is used to describe something that is useful, functional, or suitable for everyday use. This word often emphasizes the utility or effectiveness of an object, idea, or method. For example: This tool is very practical「この道具はとても実用的です」(このどうぐはとてもじつようてきです). Her approach to problem-solving is practical「彼女の問題解決の方法は実用的です」(かのじょのもんだいかいけつのほうほうはじつようてきです). The word can also be used to describe designs, plans, or systems that are efficient and not overly complicated.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3330

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feminine

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 性Gender, Sex 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '女性的 (じょせいてき)' means 'feminine'. It is used to describe qualities, characteristics, or behaviors that are traditionally associated with women or femininity. This word can be applied to people, objects, or even abstract concepts. For example: She has a feminine way of speaking「彼女は女性的な話し方をする」(かのじょはじょせいてきなはなしかたをする). This dress has a very feminine design「このドレスはとても女性的なデザインです」(このドレスはとてもじょせいてきなデザインです). The term often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing grace, elegance, or delicacy.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3333

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hard

Reading

Kanji

固Hard

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '固い (かたい)' primarily means 'hard'. It is used to describe something that is physically firm or rigid, such as a hard object or surface. For example: this bread is hard「このパンは固い」(このパンはかたい). Additionally, '固い' can also describe something that is strict, unyielding, or inflexible in a metaphorical sense, such as a strict rule or a firm belief. For example: his attitude is firm「彼の態度は固い」(かれのたいどはかたい). It is important to note that '固い' can also imply reliability or steadfastness in certain contexts, such as a strong friendship or a solid plan. For example: their friendship is strong「彼らの友情は固い」(かれらのゆうじょうはかたい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3376

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Steep

Reading

Kanji

険Dangerous, Steep

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '険しい (けわしい)' primarily means 'steep'. It is used to describe terrain or paths that are difficult to climb or traverse due to their steepness. For example: The mountain path is steep「山道は険しい」(やまみちはけわしい). Additionally, '険しい' can also describe a person's expression or situation as harsh or severe, though this usage is less common. For example: His expression was stern「彼の表情は険しかった」(かれのひょうじょうはけわしかった). The word is often used in contexts involving physical landscapes but can extend metaphorically to describe challenging situations or stern facial expressions.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3377

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Certain

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '確実 (かくじつ)' means 'certain' or 'reliable'. It is used to describe something that is definite, assured, or guaranteed to happen or be true. This word often conveys a sense of confidence or trustworthiness. For example: This method is certain to work「この方法は確実にうまくいく」(このほうほうはかくじつにうまくいく). He is a reliable person「彼は確実な人だ」(かれはかくじつなひとだ). The word can also be used in contexts where something is guaranteed, such as '確実な結果 (かくじつなけっか) (certain result)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3404

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rash

Reading

Kanji

軽Lightly 率Command, Proportion

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '軽率 (けいそつ)' means 'rash' or 'thoughtless'. It is used to describe actions or decisions that are made without careful consideration, often leading to negative consequences. This word carries a nuance of criticism or disapproval, implying that the person being described acted too quickly or carelessly. For example: His decision was rash「彼の決断は軽率だった」(かれのけつだんはけいそつだった). It's rash to make promises without thinking「考えずに約束するのは軽率だ」(かんがえずにやくそくするのはけいそつだ). The word is often used in formal or serious contexts to point out a lack of prudence or responsibility.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3409

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

International

Reading

Kanji

国Country 際Occasion 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '国際的 (こくさいてき)' means 'international'. It is used to describe something that involves or relates to multiple countries or has a global scope. This word is often used in contexts such as international relations, global business, or cultural exchanges. For example: This conference is international「この会議は国際的です」(このかいぎはこくさいてきです). She has an international perspective「彼女は国際的な視野を持っています」(かのじょはこくさいてきなしやをもっています). The adjective can also modify nouns, as in '国際的な問題 (こくさいてきなもんだい) (international issue)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3460

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tremendous, Terrifying

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 凄Nifty

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '物凄い (ものすごい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'tremendous' or 'incredible', often used to describe something that is extremely impressive or intense in a positive or overwhelming way. For example: The view from the mountain was tremendous「山からの眺めは物凄かった」(やまからのながめはものすごかった). The second meaning is 'terrifying' or 'frightening', used to describe something that is extremely scary or awe-inspiring in a negative sense. For example: The storm was terrifying「嵐は物凄かった」(あらしはものすごかった). The word can also be used colloquially to emphasize intensity, such as '物凄く暑い (ものすごくあつい)' meaning 'incredibly hot'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3582

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nostalgic

Reading

Kanji

懐Bosom, Pocket

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '懐かしい (なつかしい)' means 'nostalgic' or 'evoking fond memories'. It is used to describe something that brings back memories of the past, often with a sense of longing or warmth. This word is commonly used when encountering something familiar from one's past, such as a place, a song, or an object. For example: This song is nostalgic「この歌は懐かしい」(このうたはなつかしい). I feel nostalgic when I see this photo「この写真を見ると懐かしい気持ちになる」(このしゃしんをみるとなつかしいきもちになる). The word can also be used to express a sense of missing someone or something from the past, as in 'I miss my hometown'「故郷が懐かしい」(こきょうがなつかしい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3624

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Round

Reading

Kanji

丸Round

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '丸い (まるい)' means 'round'. This adjective is used to describe something that has a circular or spherical shape. It can be applied to physical objects, such as balls or plates, as well as abstract concepts like a round number. For example: the moon is round「月は丸い」(つきはまるい). She has a round face「彼女は丸い顔をしている」(かのじょはまるいかおをしている). The adjective can also be used metaphorically to describe something as harmonious or well-rounded, such as a person's personality. For instance: he has a well-rounded personality「彼は丸い性格だ」(かれはまるいせいかくだ).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3678

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Poor

Reading

Kanji

貧Poor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '貧しい (まずしい)' means 'poor'. This adjective is used to describe a lack of material wealth or resources. It can refer to individuals, families, or even regions that are economically disadvantaged. For example: he is poor「彼は貧しい」(かれはまずしい). The village is poor「その村は貧しい」(そのむらはまずしい). Additionally, '貧しい' can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is lacking in quality or richness, such as '貧しい想像力 (まずしいそうぞうりょく) (poor imagination)'. This adjective is often used in contexts discussing social issues, economic conditions, or personal circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3765

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hard

Reading

Kanji

硬Hard, Stiff

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '硬い (かたい)' means 'hard'. It describes something that is physically firm, rigid, or difficult to bend or break. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something strict, inflexible, or tense, such as a person's attitude or a situation. For example: this bread is hard「このパンは硬い」(このパンはかたい). His expression was hard「彼の表情は硬かった」(かれのひょうじょうはかたかった). When used metaphorically, it often conveys a sense of stiffness or lack of flexibility, as in '硬い態度 (かたいたいど) (stiff attitude)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3776

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Significant, Remarkable

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '著しい (いちじるしい)' primarily means 'remarkable' or 'significant'. It is used to describe something that stands out due to its noticeable or striking nature, often in terms of change, difference, or impact. This adjective can be applied to both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: There has been a remarkable improvement in his health「彼の健康状態は著しく改善した」(かれのけんこうじょうたいはいちじるしくかいぜんした). The damage caused by the earthquake was significant「地震による被害は著しかった」(じしんによるひがいはいちじるしかった). Note that '著しい' often conveys a sense of something being clearly evident or easily observable.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3782

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smart, Slim

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'スマート (すまーと)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'slim', referring to a person or object being thin or slender. For example: she has a slim figure「彼女はスマートな体型です」(かのじょはすまーとなたいけいです). The second meaning is 'smart', referring to something being stylish, clever, or well-designed. For example: this is a smart solution「これはスマートな解決策です」(これはすまーとなかいけつさくです). The context will usually clarify which meaning is intended, as the word is borrowed from English and retains both senses.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

3812

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tight, Tough

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'きつい' can mean 'tight' or 'tough', depending on the context. When used to describe something physically tight, it refers to something that fits snugly or is constricting, such as clothing or a lid. For example: These shoes are tight「この靴はきつい」(このくつはきつい). When used to describe a situation or task, it means 'tough' or 'difficult', indicating something that is demanding or strenuous. For example: This job is tough「この仕事はきつい」(このしごとはきつい). The word can also describe a person's personality as strict or harsh, as in 'きつい人 (きついひと) (strict person)'. It's important to consider the context to determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

3834

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suspicious

Reading

Kanji

怪Weird, Suspicious

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '怪しい (あやしい)' primarily means 'suspicious'. It is used to describe something or someone that seems dubious, questionable, or not entirely trustworthy. This can apply to situations, objects, or people. For example: That person looks suspicious「あの人は怪しい」(あのひとはあやしい). The story sounds suspicious「その話は怪しい」(そのはなしはあやしい). Additionally, '怪しい' can sometimes imply a sense of mystery or the supernatural, as in: The old house looks eerie「その古い家は怪しい」(そのふるいいえはあやしい). The nuance of the word can vary depending on context, but it generally conveys a sense of doubt or unease.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3840

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pleasant

Reading

Kanji

快Pleasant

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '快い (こころよい)' means 'pleasant'. It is used to describe something that is agreeable, enjoyable, or soothing to the mind or senses. This word often conveys a sense of comfort or satisfaction. For example: The breeze feels pleasant「風が快い」(かぜがこころよい). His words were pleasant to hear「彼の言葉は快かった」(かれのことばはこころよかった). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as describing a pleasant feeling or atmosphere. Note that this word is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to simpler adjectives like '楽しい (たのしい)' (fun) or '気持ちいい (きもちいい)' (feels good).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3846

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Damp

Reading

Kanji

湿Damp, Moist

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '湿っぽい (しめっぽい)' means 'damp'. This adjective is used to describe something that is slightly wet or moist, often in a way that feels uncomfortable or unpleasant. It can be used to describe physical objects, environments, or even metaphorical situations. For example: the towel feels damp「タオルが湿っぽい」(タオルがしめっぽい). The atmosphere in the room is damp「部屋の雰囲気が湿っぽい」(へやのふんいきがしめっぽい). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that feels emotionally heavy or melancholic, such as a damp mood「湿っぽい気分」(しめっぽいきぶん).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3852

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Objective

Reading

Kanji

客Guest, Customer 観View 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '客観的 (きゃっかんてき)' means 'objective'. It is used to describe something that is based on facts, evidence, or observations rather than personal feelings, opinions, or interpretations. This term is often used in academic, scientific, or analytical contexts to emphasize neutrality and impartiality. For example: He gave an objective analysis of the situation「彼は状況を客観的に分析した」(かれはじょうきょうをきゃっかんてきにぶんせきした). It's important to maintain an objective perspective「客観的な視点を保つことが重要だ」(きゃっかんてきなしてんをたもつことがじゅうようだ). The adjective is commonly used to modify nouns, such as '客観的な事実 (きゃっかんてきなじじつ) (objective fact)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3872

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subjective

Reading

Kanji

主Master 観View 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '主観的 (しゅかんてき)' means 'subjective'. It is used to describe something that is based on personal opinions, feelings, or perspectives rather than on objective facts. This term is often used in discussions about art, philosophy, or personal experiences. For example: His opinion is very subjective「彼の意見はとても主観的だ」(かれのいけんはとてもしゅかんてきだ). This painting is subjective「この絵は主観的だ」(このえはしゅかんてきだ). The adjective can also be used to describe a person's viewpoint or interpretation of events, emphasizing that it is influenced by their individual perspective.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sanitary

Reading

Kanji

衛Protect, Defense 生Life 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '衛生的 (えいせいてき)' means 'sanitary' or 'hygienic'. It is used to describe conditions, environments, or practices that are clean and promote health. This word is often used in contexts related to cleanliness, health standards, or public hygiene. For example: This restaurant is very sanitary「このレストランはとても衛生的です」(このレストランはとてもえいせいてきです). It's important to maintain a sanitary environment「衛生的な環境を保つことが大切です」(えいせいてきなかんきょうをたもつことがたいせつです). The adjective can also describe objects or practices, such as '衛生的なトイレ (えいせいてきなトイレ)' (sanitary toilet).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3888

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strict

Reading

Kanji

厳Severe, Strict 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '厳重 (げんじゅう)' means 'strict' or 'severe'. It is often used to describe something that is very carefully controlled, tightly secured, or strictly enforced. This word can be applied to security measures, rules, or even warnings. For example: strict security measures were taken「厳重な警備が取られた」(げんじゅうなけいびがとられた). The teacher gave a strict warning「先生は厳重に注意した」(せんせいはげんじゅうにちゅういした). It can also imply a sense of seriousness or gravity in a situation, such as in '厳重な処置 (げんじゅうなしょち) (strict measures)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3899

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noisy, Annoying

Reading

Kanji

煩Vexed, Anxiety

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '煩い (うるさい)' can mean both 'noisy' and 'annoying'. It is commonly used to describe loud sounds or situations that are bothersome or irritating. For example: The construction noise is annoying「工事の音が煩い」(こうじのおとがうるさい). My little brother is being noisy「弟が煩い」(おとうとがうるさい). This word can also be used to describe someone who is overly critical or nagging, as in 'My mom is always nagging me「母がうるさい」(ははがうるさい)'. The nuance of the word depends on the context, but it generally conveys a sense of irritation or disturbance.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3902

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quite, Fine

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '結構 (けっこう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'fine' or 'sufficient', often used to express that something is acceptable or satisfactory. For example: This is fine「これで結構です」(これでけっこうです). The second meaning is 'quite' or 'fairly', used to indicate a moderate degree of something. For example: It's quite interesting「結構面白い」(けっこうおもしろい). The word can also be used politely to decline offers, as in 'No, thank you, I'm fine'「結構です」(けっこうです). The nuance of '結構' can vary depending on the context, so it's important to pay attention to the tone and situation in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3929

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Passive

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 極Extreme, Pole 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '消極的 (しょうきょくてき)' means 'passive'. It describes a lack of active involvement or initiative, often implying reluctance or hesitation to take action. This word is commonly used to describe behavior, attitudes, or approaches. For example: he has a passive attitude「彼は消極的な態度だ」(かれはしょうきょくてきなたいどだ). Her response was passive「彼女の反応は消極的だった」(かのじょのはんのうはしょうきょくてきだった). The term can also be used in contexts like '消極的な性格 (しょうきょくてきなせいかく)' (passive personality) or '消極的な選択 (しょうきょくてきなせんたく)' (passive choice).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3952

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awkward, Unappetizing

Reading

Kanji

不Not 味Flavor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '不味い (まずい)' has two distinct meanings. The first and most common meaning is 'unappetizing' or 'bad-tasting', used to describe food or drink that does not taste good. For example: this soup is unappetizing「このスープはまずい」(このスープはまずい). The second meaning is 'awkward' or 'troublesome', often used to describe a situation that is difficult or uncomfortable. For example: this situation is awkward「この状況はまずい」(このじょうきょうはまずい). Note that the second meaning is more colloquial and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3954

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Astringent, Subdued

Reading

Kanji

渋Astringent, Not going smoothly

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '渋い (しぶい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'astringent', referring to a taste or sensation that is dry, bitter, or puckering, often used to describe foods like unripe persimmons or strong tea. For example: This persimmon is astringent「この柿は渋い」(このかきはしぶい). The second meaning is 'subdued', describing something that is understated, refined, or muted in appearance, taste, or style. This can refer to colors, designs, or even personalities. For example: His taste in fashion is subdued「彼のファッションセンスは渋い」(かれのファッションセンスはしぶい). The word can also imply a sense of sophistication or maturity, often used to describe someone who is reserved but has depth. For example: His humor is subtle and subdued「彼のユーモアは渋い」(かれのユーモアはしぶい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3966

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lonely

Reading

Kanji

心Heart 細Slender

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '心細い (こころぼそい)' conveys a sense of loneliness, unease, or feeling insecure, often due to being alone or lacking support. It is used to describe emotional states where one feels vulnerable or uncertain. For example: I felt lonely in the big city「大きな街で心細かった」(おおきなまちでこころぼそかった). She felt uneasy without her friends「友達がいなくて心細い」(ともだちがいなくてこころぼそい). This word is often used in situations where someone feels emotionally isolated or lacks confidence due to their circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4021

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proactive

Reading

Kanji

積Accumulate 極Extreme, Pole 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '積極的 (せっきょくてき)' means 'proactive'. It describes someone who takes initiative or acts with enthusiasm and assertiveness. This word is often used in contexts involving work, studies, or personal development to describe a positive and forward-thinking attitude. For example: He is proactive in his work「彼は仕事で積極的です」(かれはしごとでせっきょくてきです). She joined the project with a proactive attitude「彼女は積極的な態度でプロジェクトに参加しました」(かのじょはせっきょくてきなたいどでぷろじぇくとにさんかしました). The word can also imply a willingness to take risks or embrace challenges.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4027

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ずるい' (zurui) means 'sly' or 'cunning'. It is used to describe someone who is clever in a dishonest or deceitful way, often to gain an advantage. This word can also imply unfairness or trickery. For example: That person is sly「あの人はずるい」(あのひとはずるい). He played a sly trick on me「彼はずるい手を使った」(かれはずるいてをつかった). The adjective can also be used in a playful or teasing manner among friends, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4036

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Worthless

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'くだらない (kudaranai)' means 'worthless' or 'trivial'. It is used to describe something that lacks value, importance, or significance. This word often carries a dismissive or negative connotation, implying that the subject is not worth attention or effort. For example: That's a worthless story「それはくだらない話だ」(それはくだらないはなしだ). Don't waste time on trivial things「くだらないことに時間を無駄にするな」(くだらないことにじかんをむだにするな). The word can also be used to express frustration or annoyance with something perceived as pointless.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4083

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serious

Reading

Kanji

深Deep 刻Engrave

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '深刻 (しんこく)' means 'serious'. It is used to describe situations, problems, or emotions that are grave, severe, or deeply concerning. This word often conveys a sense of urgency or importance. For example: The situation is serious「状況は深刻だ」(じょうきょうはしんこくだ). He has a serious expression「彼は深刻な表情をしている」(かれはしんこくなひょうじょうをしている). The problem is becoming more serious「問題は深刻化している」(もんだいはしんこくかしている). Note that '深刻' is often used in contexts involving societal issues, personal dilemmas, or critical circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4088

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shameless

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ずうずうしい (ずうずうしい)' means 'shameless' or 'impudent'. It is used to describe someone who acts without regard for social norms, manners, or the feelings of others, often in a bold or brazen way. This word carries a negative connotation and is typically used to criticize someone's behavior. For example: He is shameless to ask for more money「彼はもっとお金を要求するなんてずうずうしい」(かれはもっとおかねをようきゅうするなんてずうずうしい). It's shameless to cut in line「列に割り込むなんてずうずうしい」(れつにわりこむなんてずうずうしい). The word can also imply a lack of self-awareness or tact.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4094

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dim

Reading

Kanji

薄Thin, Dilute 暗Darkness

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '薄暗い (うすぐらい)' means 'dim'. It is used to describe a place or environment that is not fully lit, often implying a faint or weak light. This word can evoke a sense of gloominess or mystery, depending on the context. For example: The room was dim「部屋は薄暗かった」(へやはうすぐらかった). The forest was dim in the evening「夕方の森は薄暗かった」(ゆうがたのもりはうすぐらかった). Note that '薄暗い' is often used to describe natural lighting conditions, such as twilight or the interior of a poorly lit space.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4137

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lewd

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'いやらしい (いやらしい)' primarily means 'lewd' or 'obscene'. It is used to describe something that is sexually suggestive or inappropriate in a way that makes people uncomfortable. This word can also carry a nuance of being distasteful or unpleasant beyond just sexual contexts. For example: His behavior was lewd「彼の態度はいやらしかった」(かれのたいどはいやらしかった). That joke was in poor taste「そのジョークはいやらしかった」(そのジョークはいやらしかった). The adjective is often used to criticize actions, comments, or situations that are deemed inappropriate or offensive.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4158

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rattling

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'がたがた (がたがた)' describes a rattling or clattering sound, often used to depict something shaking or vibrating noisily. It can also metaphorically describe a state of instability or nervousness. For example: The old train was rattling「古い電車ががたがたしていた」(ふるいでんしゃががたがたしていた). She was shaking with nervousness「彼女はがたがた震えていた」(かのじょはがたがたふるえていた). This word is onomatopoeic, capturing the sound or sensation of something loose or unsteady.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4181

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warm

Reading

Kanji

温Warm

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '温かい (あたたかい)' means 'warm'. It is used to describe something that has a moderate degree of heat, such as warm weather, warm food, or warm feelings. It can also describe a warm-hearted or kind attitude. For example: The soup is warm「スープは温かい」(スープはあたたかい). She has a warm heart「彼女は温かい心を持っている」(かのじょはあたたかいこころをもっている). This adjective is often used in contexts involving comfort, kindness, or physical warmth.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4184

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adorable

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 愛Love

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '可愛らしい (かわいらしい)' means 'adorable' or 'charming'. It is used to describe something or someone that evokes a sense of endearment or cuteness. This word often carries a nuance of being naturally or innocently cute, rather than intentionally so. For example: That puppy is adorable「あの子犬は可愛らしい」(あのこいぬはかわいらしい). Her smile is charming「彼女の笑顔は可愛らしい」(かのじょのえがおはかわいらしい). The adjective can also be used to describe small, delicate, or aesthetically pleasing things, such as '可愛らしい花 (かわいらしいはな) (adorable flower)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4210

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suspicious, Doubtful

Reading

Kanji

疑Doubt, Suspect

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '疑わしい (うたがわしい)' can mean either 'doubtful' or 'suspicious', depending on the context. It is used to describe something that is uncertain, questionable, or raises doubts. It can also imply suspicion about someone's actions or intentions. For example: His story sounds doubtful「彼の話は疑わしい」(かれのはなしはうたがわしい). Her behavior seems suspicious「彼女の行動は疑わしい」(かのじょのこうどうはうたがわしい). This word is often used in situations where there is a lack of trust or clarity.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4255

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honest

Reading

Kanji

素Element 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '素直 (すなお)' primarily means 'honest' or 'obedient'. It describes someone who is straightforward, sincere, and free from deceit or pretense. This word is often used to praise someone's character, especially when they are willing to accept advice or criticism without resistance. For example: She is an honest child「彼女は素直な子供です」(かのじょはすなおなこどもです). He honestly admitted his mistake「彼は素直に自分の過ちを認めた」(かれはすなおにじぶんのあやまちをみとめた). The term can also imply a sense of purity or simplicity in one's nature, making it a positive trait in Japanese culture.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4285

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sound, Healthy

Reading

Kanji

健Healthy 全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '健全 (けんぜん)' primarily means 'healthy' or 'sound'. It is used to describe something that is in good condition, functioning properly, or morally upright. This word can be applied to physical health, mental state, systems, organizations, or even ideas. For example: a healthy mind「健全な心」(けんぜんなこころ). The financial system is sound「金融システムは健全だ」(きんゆうシステムはけんぜんだ). It can also imply moral integrity, as in '健全な社会 (けんぜんなしゃかい) (a sound society)'. Note that while 'healthy' often refers to physical well-being, 'sound' can refer to logical or structural integrity.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4350

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ticklish

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'くすぐったい (くすぐったい)' primarily means 'ticklish'. It describes the sensation one feels when being tickled, often causing an involuntary reaction like laughter or squirming. Additionally, it can be used metaphorically to describe a situation that feels awkward or embarrassing, often causing a similar physical reaction. For example: I feel ticklish when someone touches my feet「足を触られるとくすぐったい」(あしをさわられるとくすぐったい). The compliment made her feel awkward「その褒め言葉は彼女をくすぐったくさせた」(そのほめことばはかのじょをくすぐったくさせた). This word is versatile and can be used both literally and figuratively.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4388

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dirty

Reading

Kanji

汚Dirty, Dishonor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '汚い (きたない)' means 'dirty'. It is used to describe something that is physically unclean, messy, or contaminated. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something morally impure or unfair. For example: The room is dirty「部屋が汚い」(へやがきたない). His hands are dirty「彼の手は汚い」(かれのてはきたない). In a metaphorical sense, it can describe unfair behavior, such as 'That was a dirty trick'「それは汚い手だった」(それはきたないてだった). Note that this word is often used to describe both literal and figurative uncleanliness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4424

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Faint

Reading

Kanji

微Slight, Delicate

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '微か (かすか)' means 'faint'. It is used to describe something that is barely perceptible, weak, or subtle. This can refer to sounds, smells, lights, or even emotions. For example: I heard a faint sound「微かな音が聞こえた」(かすかなおとがきこえた). There was a faint light in the distance「遠くに微かな光があった」(とおくにかすかなひかりがあった). The word can also describe something that is vague or indistinct, such as a faint memory「微かな記憶」(かすかなきおく).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4429

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quick

Reading

Kanji

素Element 早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '素早い (すばやい)' means 'quick' or 'swift'. It is used to describe actions, movements, or reactions that are done with speed and agility. This word often carries a nuance of efficiency and precision, not just raw speed. For example: He made a quick decision「彼は素早い決断をした」(かれはすばやいけつだんをした). The cat moved quickly「猫は素早く動いた」(ねこはすばやくうごいた). It can also describe someone who is quick-witted or sharp, as in '素早い返事 (すばやいへんじ) (a quick reply)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4452

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noisy

Reading

Kanji

騒Clamor, Boisterous

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '騒がしい (さわがしい)' means 'noisy'. It is used to describe situations, environments, or sounds that are loud, chaotic, or disruptive. This word often carries a negative connotation, implying that the noise is bothersome or overwhelming. For example: The classroom is noisy「教室が騒がしい」(きょうしつがさわがしい). The city streets are noisy at night「夜の街は騒がしい」(よるのまちはさわがしい). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a tumultuous or unsettled situation, such as 'a noisy political climate'「騒がしい政治状況」(さわがしいせいじじょうきょう).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4469

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flexible

Reading

Kanji

柔Soft, Gentle 軟Soft

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '柔軟 (じゅうなん)' means 'flexible'. It is used to describe something that can bend or adapt easily without breaking. This can refer to physical objects, such as materials, or abstract concepts, like thinking or attitudes. For example: She has a flexible mind「彼女は柔軟な考え方を持っている」(かのじょはじゅうなんなかんがえかたをもっている). This rubber is very flexible「このゴムはとても柔軟だ」(このゴムはとてもじゅうなんだ). The word can also imply adaptability or openness to change, as in '柔軟な対応 (じゅうなんなたいおう) (flexible response)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stiff

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'かちかち (kachikachi)' primarily means 'stiff' or 'hard'. It is often used to describe something that is physically rigid or inflexible, such as a stiff piece of bread or a tense muscle. Additionally, it can describe a person's personality as being rigid or uptight. For example: The bread became stiff「パンがかちかちになった」(パンがかちかちになった). He is very stiff and formal「彼はかちかちで堅苦しい」(かれはかちかちでかたくるしい). The term can also be used to describe something that is dry or lacking moisture, such as dry soil or hair.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4524

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Desirable

Reading

Kanji

望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '望ましい (のぞましい)' means 'desirable' or 'preferable'. It is used to describe something that is considered favorable, ideal, or worth aiming for. This word often carries a nuance of something being socially or morally appropriate, rather than just personally preferred. For example: It is desirable to arrive on time「時間通りに到着するのが望ましい」(じかんどおりにとうちゃくするのがのぞましい). A calm response is desirable in such situations「そのような状況では落ち着いた対応が望ましい」(そのようなじょうきょうではおちついたたいおうがのぞましい). The word is commonly used in formal or written contexts, such as guidelines, recommendations, or advice.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4525

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exhausted

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'くたくた (kutakuta)' is used to describe a state of extreme physical or mental exhaustion. It often conveys the feeling of being completely worn out, either from physical exertion or mental strain. This word can also describe objects that are worn out or overused, such as old clothes or machinery. For example: I'm exhausted from work「仕事でくたくただ」(しごとでくたくただ). These shoes are worn out「この靴はくたくただ」(このくつはくたくただ). The nuance of 'くたくた' often implies a sense of being drained or depleted, and it is commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4539

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lovely

Reading

Kanji

素Element 敵Enemy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '素敵 (すてき)' means 'lovely' or 'wonderful'. It is used to describe something or someone that is charming, delightful, or attractive. This word is often used in casual conversations to express admiration or approval. For example: That dress is lovely「そのドレスは素敵」(そのドレスはすてき). Your idea is wonderful「あなたのアイデアは素敵」(あなたのアイデアはすてき). The word can also be used to describe situations or experiences that are enjoyable or impressive. It carries a positive and warm connotation, making it a common compliment in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Great

Reading

Kanji

偉Great, Admirable 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '偉大 (いだい)' means 'great' and is used to describe something or someone of extraordinary significance, importance, or magnitude. It often conveys a sense of awe or admiration. This word is typically used in formal or literary contexts to describe historical figures, achievements, or monumental events. For example: He is a great leader「彼は偉大なリーダーです」(かれはいだいなリーダーです). The discovery was a great achievement「その発見は偉大な業績でした」(そのはっけんはいだいなぎょうせきでした). Note that '偉大' carries a stronger and more formal tone compared to other words like 'すごい' or '大きい'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4573

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Active, Prosperous

Reading

Kanji

盛Prosper

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '盛ん (さかん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'prosperous', which refers to something thriving or flourishing, such as a business or a region. For example: the town is prosperous「その町は盛んだ」(そのまちはさかんだ). The second meaning is 'active', which describes something lively or vigorous, often used for activities or events. For example: the discussion was active「議論が盛んだった」(ぎろんがさかんだった). The word can also describe enthusiasm or intensity in actions or phenomena, such as '盛んな拍手 (さかんなはくしゅ)' (vigorous applause).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4589

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fresh

Reading

Kanji

新New 鮮Fresh, Vivid

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '新鮮 (しんせん)' means 'fresh'. It is commonly used to describe food, produce, or ingredients that are recently harvested, prepared, or in good condition. It can also be used metaphorically to describe new or refreshing ideas, experiences, or perspectives. For example: This fish is fresh「この魚は新鮮だ」(このさかなはしんせんだ). I want to try fresh vegetables「新鮮な野菜を食べたい」(しんせんなやさいをたべたい). The presentation gave me a fresh perspective「そのプレゼンテーションは新鮮な視点を与えてくれた」(そのプレゼンテーションはしんせんしてんをあたえてくれた).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4657

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vivid

Reading

Kanji

鮮Fresh, Vivid

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '鮮やか (あざやか)' means 'vivid'. It is used to describe something that is strikingly bright, clear, or distinct in color, appearance, or impression. It can also describe actions or performances that are skillful and impressive. For example: The colors of the painting are vivid「その絵の色は鮮やかだ」(そのえのいろはあざやかだ). He made a vivid impression with his speech「彼のスピーチは鮮やかだった」(かれのスピーチはあざやかだった). This word is often used to emphasize clarity, brilliance, or precision in both visual and non-visual contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4662

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dangerous

Reading

Kanji

危Dangerous

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '危ない (あぶない)' primarily means 'dangerous'. It is used to describe situations, actions, or objects that pose a risk or threat. For example: that road is dangerous「その道は危ない」(そのみちはあぶない). It can also imply a sense of urgency or warning, such as 'be careful' or 'watch out'. For instance: watch out, it's dangerous!「危ない、気をつけて！」(あぶない、きをつけて！). Additionally, '危ない' can sometimes be used colloquially to describe something as 'risky' or 'precarious', like a risky bet「危ない賭け」(あぶないかけ).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4683

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rough

Reading

Kanji

荒Wild, Rough

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '荒い (あらい)' primarily means 'rough'. It is used to describe something that is not smooth or gentle, such as rough seas, rough handling, or rough behavior. For example: The sea is rough today「今日の海は荒い」(きょうのうみはあらい). He has a rough way of speaking「彼の話し方は荒い」(かれのはなしかたはあらい). This adjective can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is intense or extreme, such as rough breathing or rough emotions. For example: His breathing was rough after the run「走った後、彼の呼吸は荒かった」(はしったあと、かれのこきゅうはあらかった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4692

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frustrating

Reading

Kanji

悔Repent, Regret

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '悔しい (くやしい)' conveys a feeling of frustration, regret, or vexation, often arising from a sense of missed opportunity, failure, or unfairness. It is commonly used to express emotional distress when something does not go as planned or when one feels they could have done better. For example: It's frustrating to lose the game「試合に負けて悔しい」(しあいにまけてくやしい). I feel frustrated because I couldn't say what I wanted「言いたいことが言えなくて悔しい」(いいたいことがいえなくてくやしい). This word is deeply tied to personal emotions and is often used in contexts where one reflects on their own actions or circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4694

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hectic

Reading

Kanji

慌Flurried, Disconcerted

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '慌ただしい (あわただしい)' means 'hectic'. It describes a situation or period of time that is very busy, rushed, or chaotic. This word is often used to convey a sense of urgency or disorder, such as during a busy workday or a fast-paced event. For example: Today was hectic「今日は慌ただしかった」(きょうはあわただしかった). The morning was hectic with preparations「朝の準備は慌ただしかった」(あさのじゅんびはあわただしかった). Note that this adjective is commonly used to describe temporary states rather than permanent characteristics.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4702

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soft

Reading

Kanji

柔Soft, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '柔らかい (やわらかい)' means 'soft'. It is used to describe something that is physically soft to the touch, such as fabric, food, or materials. It can also describe something that is flexible, gentle, or not rigid in nature. For example: This bread is soft「このパンは柔らかい」(このパンはやわらかい). Her voice is soft「彼女の声は柔らかい」(かのじょのこえはやわらかい). Additionally, it can be used metaphorically to describe a gentle or lenient attitude, as in '柔らかい対応 (やわらかいたいおう) (soft handling/approach)'. Note that this word is often used to contrast with '硬い (かたい) (hard)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4743

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regrettable

Reading

Kanji

惜Regret, Frugal

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '惜しい (おしい)' primarily means 'regrettable' or 'a pity'. It is used to express a sense of regret or disappointment over something that is almost good enough, nearly successful, or just missed. It can also imply that something is valuable or precious and thus its loss or absence is felt deeply. For example: It's regrettable that you can't come「あなたが来られないのは惜しい」(あなたがこられないのはおしい). That was a close call, it's a pity you missed it「惜しい、もう少しで成功だった」(おしい、もうすこしでせいこうだった). The word can also be used to express reluctance to part with something due to its value, as in 'This book is too good to throw away, it's a pity to discard it'「この本は捨てるには惜しい」(このほんはすてるにはおしい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4801

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calm

Reading

Kanji

穏Calm, Moderate

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '穏やか (おだやか)' means 'calm'. It is used to describe a state of tranquility, peacefulness, or mildness. This word can be applied to various contexts, such as describing a person's demeanor, the weather, or a situation. For example: the sea is calm today「今日の海は穏やかだ」(きょうのうみはおだやかだ). She has a calm personality「彼女は穏やかな性格だ」(かのじょはおだやかなせいかくだ). It can also describe a gentle or mild manner, as in '穏やかな風 (おだやかなかぜ) (gentle breeze)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4831

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vulgar, Greedy

Reading

Kanji

卑Mean, Lowly

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '卑しい (いやしい)' can mean 'greedy' or 'vulgar'. When used to mean 'greedy', it describes someone who is excessively desirous of wealth or possessions. For example: He is greedy for money「彼は金に卑しい」(かれはかねにいやしい). When used to mean 'vulgar', it describes something or someone that is lacking in refinement or good taste. For example: Her manners are vulgar「彼女のマナーは卑しい」(かのじょのマナーはいやしい). The word carries a negative connotation and is often used to criticize someone's behavior or character.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4843

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wise

Reading

Kanji

賢Wise, Clever

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '賢い (かしこい)' means 'wise' or 'clever'. It is used to describe someone who has good judgment, intelligence, or practical wisdom. This word can be applied to people, animals, or even decisions and actions. For example: He is a wise man「彼は賢い人だ」(かれはかしこいひとだ). That was a clever idea「それは賢い考えだった」(それはかしこいかんがえだった). The nuance of '賢い' often implies not just intelligence, but also the ability to use that intelligence effectively in practical situations.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4848

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equal

Reading

Kanji

等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '等しい (ひとしい)' means 'equal'. It is used to describe things that are identical in quantity, value, or status. This word can be applied to mathematical contexts, comparisons, or abstract concepts. For example: their scores are equal「彼らのスコアは等しい」(かれらのスコアはひとしい). The two options are equal in value「その二つの選択肢は価値が等しい」(そのふたつのせんたくしはかちがひとしい). Note that '等しい' is often used in formal or written contexts, and it can also imply fairness or equivalence in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4851

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serious

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 剣Sword

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '真剣 (しんけん)' means 'serious'. It is used to describe a person's attitude, behavior, or approach when they are deeply focused, earnest, or sincere about something. It often implies a lack of frivolity or playfulness. For example: He is serious about his studies「彼は勉強に真剣です」(かれはべんきょうにしんけんです). She gave a serious answer「彼女は真剣な答えを出した」(かのじょはしんけんなこたえをだした). This word can also describe situations or actions that are carried out with full commitment or gravity, such as '真剣な話 (しんけんなはなし)' (a serious conversation).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4861

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intense

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 烈Intense, Violent

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '強烈 (きょうれつ)' means 'intense'. It is used to describe something that is extremely strong, powerful, or impactful, often in a way that leaves a deep impression. This word can be applied to physical sensations, emotions, or even abstract concepts. For example: The flavor was intense「その味は強烈だった」(そのあじはきょうれつだった). He has an intense personality「彼は強烈な性格だ」(かれはきょうれつなせいかくだ). The word can also imply a sense of overwhelming or striking nature, such as in '強烈な印象 (きょうれつないんしょう) (intense impression)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4863

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cunning, Sly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ずるがしこい (zurugashikoi)' describes someone who is sly or cunning, often in a clever or deceitful way. It carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that the person is crafty or manipulative. For example: he is sly「彼はずるがしこい」(かれはずるがしこい). The fox is cunning「その狐はずるがしこい」(そのきつねはずるがしこい). This word is often used to describe people or animals who use cleverness to achieve their goals, sometimes at the expense of others.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4979

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cramped, Restrictive

Reading

Kanji

窮Hard up, Be in extremity 屈Crouch, Yield

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '窮屈 (きゅうくつ)' primarily conveys a sense of physical or emotional tightness, restriction, or discomfort. It can describe something physically cramped, such as a small space, or something emotionally or socially restrictive, like rigid rules or expectations. For example: These shoes feel tight「この靴は窮屈だ」(このくつはきゅうくつだ). The rules here are too restrictive「ここのルールは窮屈すぎる」(ここのルールはきゅうくつすぎる). The nuance of '窮屈' often implies a feeling of being constrained or unable to move freely, whether physically or metaphorically.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4997

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vague

Reading

Kanji

曖Dark, Not clear 昧Dark, Foolish

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '曖昧 (あいまい)' means 'vague' or 'ambiguous'. It is used to describe something that is unclear, not well-defined, or open to interpretation. This word can be applied to statements, ideas, situations, or even feelings. For example: His explanation was vague「彼の説明は曖昧だった」(かれのせつめいはあいまいだった). The meaning of this sentence is ambiguous「この文の意味は曖昧だ」(このぶんのいみはあいまいだ). '曖昧' often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying a lack of clarity or precision. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5038

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refreshing

Reading

Kanji

爽Refreshing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '爽やか (さわやか)' means 'refreshing'. It is often used to describe something that feels fresh, clear, or invigorating, such as weather, a person's demeanor, or a taste. For example: The morning air is refreshing「朝の空気は爽やかです」(あさのくうきはさわやかです). He has a refreshing personality「彼は爽やかな性格です」(かれはさわやかなせいかくです). This word can also imply a sense of clarity or cleanliness, both physically and emotionally. It is commonly used in positive contexts to describe things that uplift or energize.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5046

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Most

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'もっとも' means 'most'. It is used to indicate the highest degree or extent of something. This word is often used in comparisons or to emphasize a particular quality. For example: This is the most important thing「これがもっとも大切なことです」(これがもっともたいせつなことです). She is the most beautiful person I know「彼女は私が知っている中でもっとも美しい人です」(かのじょはわたしがしっているなかでもっともうつくしいひとです). It's important to note that 'もっとも' can also function as an adverb, modifying verbs or other adjectives to indicate the highest degree.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

5075

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quiet

Reading

Kanji

大Big 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '大人しい (おとなしい)' primarily means 'quiet' or 'well-behaved'. It is often used to describe someone who is calm, reserved, or obedient. This word can also imply a sense of gentleness or docility. For example: The child is quiet「その子は大人しい」(そのこはおとなしい). She is a quiet person「彼女は大人しい人だ」(かのじょはおとなしいひとだ). Note that while '大人しい' can sometimes imply shyness, its core meaning revolves around being calm and unobtrusive.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5194

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheap

Reading

Kanji

安Cheap, Relax

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '安っぽい (やすっぽい)' means 'cheap' in the sense of something appearing low-quality or tacky. It is often used to describe objects, designs, or behaviors that seem inexpensive or lacking in sophistication. For example: That bag looks cheap「そのバッグは安っぽい」(そのバッグはやすっぽい). His jokes are cheap「彼のジョークは安っぽい」(かれのジョークはやすっぽい). The word carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that something is not just inexpensive but also of poor quality or taste.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5229

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warm

Reading

Kanji

暖Warm

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '暖かい (あたたかい)' means 'warm'. It is used to describe a moderate or comfortable level of heat, often in relation to weather, objects, or feelings. For example: The weather is warm today「今日は暖かい」(きょうはあたたかい). This blanket is warm「この毛布は暖かい」(このもうふはあたたかい). It can also describe a warm-hearted or kind feeling, as in: She has a warm heart「彼女は心が暖かい」(かのじょはこころがあたたかい). The adjective is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe physical warmth or emotional warmth.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5246

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hard

Reading

Kanji

堅Firm, Solid

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '堅い (かたい)' primarily means 'hard' in the sense of being firm or solid. It is used to describe objects that are physically hard, such as wood or metal. However, it can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is strict, rigid, or inflexible, such as rules or attitudes. For example: this bread is hard「このパンは堅い」(このパンはかたい). His attitude is rigid「彼の態度は堅い」(かれのたいどはかたい). Additionally, '堅い' can imply reliability or trustworthiness, as in a person who is dependable. For example: he is a reliable person「彼は堅い人だ」(かれはかたいひとだ).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5273

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remarkable

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 覚Remember, Awake

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '目覚ましい (めざましい)' means 'remarkable' or 'striking'. It is used to describe something that is notably impressive, outstanding, or rapid in progress. This word often conveys a sense of awe or admiration for the extent or speed of development or achievement. For example: The progress of technology is remarkable「技術の進歩は目覚ましい」(ぎじゅつのしんぽはめざましい). Her growth as an artist is striking「彼女の芸術家としての成長は目覚ましい」(かのじょのげいじゅつかとしてのせいちょうはめざましい). This adjective is typically used in formal or literary contexts to emphasize the extraordinary nature of something.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5287

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Auspicious, Congratulatory

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'めでたい (めでたい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'auspicious', referring to something that is fortunate, lucky, or brings good fortune. The second meaning is 'congratulatory', often used to describe events or occasions that are worthy of celebration. This word is commonly used in contexts such as weddings, New Year celebrations, or other joyous events. For example: This is an auspicious day「今日はめでたい日だ」(きょうはめでたいひだ). It's a congratulatory occasion「めでたいお祝いの場です」(めでたいおいわいのばです). Note that 'めでたい' can also carry a slightly humorous or ironic tone when used to describe someone who is overly optimistic or naive.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

5336

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soft

Reading

Kanji

軟Soft

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '軟らかい (やわらかい)' means 'soft'. It is used to describe something that is physically soft to the touch, such as a pillow, fabric, or food. It can also describe something that is gentle or flexible in nature, such as a person's attitude or a material's texture. For example: This bread is soft「このパンは軟らかい」(このパンはやわらかい). His response was soft「彼の返事は軟らかかった」(かれのへんじはやわらかかった). Note that this word is often used in contrast to '硬い (かたい)' (hard).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5362

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting