word

Meaning

Horizontal, Level

Reading

Kanji

水Water 平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '水平 (すいへい)' primarily means 'horizontal' or 'level'. It is used to describe something that is flat, even, or parallel to the horizon. This term is often used in contexts related to physical orientation, such as construction, design, or nature. For example: The table is perfectly level「テーブルは完全に水平です」(テーブルはかんぜんにすいへいです). The horizon looks so wide and horizontal「水平線がとても広く水平に見える」(すいへいせんがとてもひろくすいへいにみえる). Note that '水平' can also imply balance or equilibrium in certain contexts, such as in '水平な関係 (すいへいなかんけい) (a balanced relationship)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3334

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Superior

Reading

Kanji

上Up 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '上等 (じょうとう)' means 'superior' or 'first-class'. It is used to describe something of high quality, excellence, or top-grade. This term can be applied to objects, services, or even situations. For example: This is a superior product「これは上等な製品です」(これはじょうとうなせいひんです). He received a first-class education「彼は上等な教育を受けた」(かれはじょうとうなきょういくをうけた). Additionally, '上等' can sometimes carry a slightly sarcastic or confrontational tone in casual speech, implying readiness to face a challenge, as in 'Bring it on! (上等だ！) (じょうとうだ！)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3340

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Skillful

Reading

Kanji

器Vessel 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '器用 (きよう)' means 'skillful' or 'dexterous'. It is used to describe someone who is adept at handling tasks, especially those requiring manual dexterity or cleverness. This word can also imply versatility and the ability to adapt to various situations. For example: He is skillful with his hands「彼は手先が器用だ」(かれはてさきがきようだ). She is skillful at solving problems「彼女は問題を解決するのが器用だ」(かのじょはもんだいをかいけつするのがきようだ). Note that '器用' often carries a positive connotation, highlighting someone's ability to perform tasks efficiently and with ease.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3418

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Classical

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'クラシック (kurashikku)' refers to something that is classical, particularly in the context of music, art, or culture. It is often used to describe things that are traditional, timeless, or of historical significance. For example: I like classical music「私はクラシック音楽が好きです」(わたしはクラシックおんがくがすきです). This is a classical painting「これはクラシックな絵画です」(これはクラシックなかいがです). The term can also be used more broadly to describe anything that is classic or traditional in style, not limited to just music or art.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

3419

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Official

Reading

Kanji

公Public 式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '公式 (こうしき)' means 'official'. It is used to describe something that is formally recognized, authorized, or endorsed by an organization, institution, or authority. This term is often used in contexts such as official statements, announcements, or events. For example: This is the official announcement「これは公式の発表です」(これはこうしきのはっぴょうです). The official website is easy to use「公式ウェブサイトは使いやすい」(こうしきウェブサイトはつかいやすい). It can also refer to mathematical formulas, but in everyday usage, it predominantly refers to official matters.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3453

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fair

Reading

Kanji

公Public 平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '公平 (こうへい)' means 'fair' or 'impartial'. It is used to describe situations, decisions, or actions that are just, unbiased, and equitable. This term is often used in contexts involving judgment, treatment, or distribution of resources. For example: The teacher was fair to all students「先生は全ての生徒に公平だった」(せんせいはすべてのせいとにこうへいだった). A fair distribution of resources is important「資源の公平な分配が重要だ」(しげんのこうへいなぶんぱいがじゅうようだ). The word can also be used to describe a person's character, as in '彼は公平な人だ (かれはこうへいなひとだ) (He is a fair person).'

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3455

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formal

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '正式 (せいしき)' means 'formal'. It is used to describe something that is official, proper, or done according to established rules or standards. This term is often used in contexts such as ceremonies, documents, or procedures. For example: This is the formal procedure「これは正式な手続きです」(これはせいしきなてつづきです). He wore a formal suit to the meeting「彼は会議に正式なスーツを着た」(かれはかいぎにせいしきなスーツをきた). Note that '正式' can also imply legitimacy or authenticity in certain contexts, such as '正式な文書 (せいしきなぶんしょ)' meaning 'official document'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3456

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange, Curious

Reading

Kanji

奇Strange, Unusual 妙Exquisite, Marvelous

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '奇妙 (きみょう)' means 'strange' or 'curious'. It is used to describe something that is unusual, peculiar, or intriguing in a way that stands out from the ordinary. This word often carries a neutral or slightly positive nuance, depending on the context. For example: That story is strange「その話は奇妙だ」(そのはなしはきみょうだ). The machine has a curious mechanism「その機械は奇妙な仕組みを持っている」(そのきかいときみょうなしくみをもっている). Note that '奇妙' is often used to describe situations, objects, or phenomena that evoke a sense of wonder or mystery.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3487

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Just, Legitimate

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '正当 (せいとう)' means 'just' or 'legitimate'. It is used to describe something that is morally or legally correct, fair, or justified. This term is often used in contexts involving rights, actions, or reasoning. For example: His actions were just「彼の行動は正当だった」(かれのこうどうはせいとうだった). The claim is legitimate「その主張は正当だ」(そのしゅちょうはせいとうだ). Note that '正当' can also be used in legal or formal contexts to describe something that is valid or rightful, such as '正当な理由 (せいとうなりゆう) (legitimate reason)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3523

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abnormal

Reading

Kanji

異Rare, Different 常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '異常 (いじょう)' means 'abnormal' or 'unusual'. It is used to describe something that deviates from the norm or is out of the ordinary. This word can be applied to various contexts, such as weather, behavior, or conditions. For example: The weather is abnormal today「今日の天気は異常だ」(きょうのてんきはいじょうだ). His behavior is unusual「彼の行動は異常だ」(かれのこうどうはいじょうだ). It can also be used in medical contexts to describe abnormal conditions or symptoms. For instance: The patient has abnormal symptoms「患者は異常な症状がある」(かんじゃはいじょうなしょうじょうがある).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Normal

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '正常 (せいじょう)' means 'normal'. It is used to describe a state or condition that is regular, standard, or functioning as expected. This term is often used in contexts related to health, machinery, or systems. For example: The machine is functioning normally「機械は正常に動いている」(きかいはせいじょうにうごいている). His health condition is normal「彼の健康状態は正常だ」(かれのけんこうじょうたいはせいじょうだ). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as describing a situation or behavior as normal. For instance: It's normal to feel nervous「緊張するのは正常だ」(きんちょうするのはせいじょうだ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3529

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Precious

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '貴重 (きちょう)' means 'precious' or 'valuable'. It is used to describe something that is highly valued, rare, or of great importance. This term is often used in contexts where something is considered irreplaceable or of significant worth, such as time, resources, or experiences. For example: This is a precious opportunity「これは貴重な機会です」(これはきちょうなきかいです). The museum has many precious artifacts「その博物館には貴重な遺物がたくさんある」(そのはくぶつかんにはきちょうないぶつがたくさんある). It can also be used to describe abstract concepts like memories or advice, emphasizing their importance and rarity.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3637

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Diligent

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence 勉Exertion

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '勤勉 (きんべん)' means 'diligent'. It describes someone who is hardworking, industrious, and consistently puts effort into their tasks or studies. This word is often used to praise someone's work ethic or dedication. For example: He is a diligent student「彼は勤勉な学生です」(かれはきんべんながくせいです). Her diligence is admirable「彼女の勤勉さは素晴らしい」(かのじょのきんべんさはすばらしい). Note that '勤勉' is often followed by the particle 'な' when modifying a noun, as in '勤勉な人 (きんべんなひと) (diligent person)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3650

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subtle, Doubtful

Reading

Kanji

微Slight, Delicate 妙Exquisite, Marvelous

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '微妙 (びみょう)' can mean 'subtle' or 'doubtful', depending on the context. When used to mean 'subtle', it refers to something that is delicate, nuanced, or not easily noticeable. For example: The difference is subtle「その違いは微妙だ」(そのちがいはびみょうだ). When used to mean 'doubtful', it expresses uncertainty or skepticism about something. For example: I'm doubtful about his plan「彼の計画は微妙だ」(かれのけいかくはびみょうだ). This word is often used in casual conversation to express that something is 'questionable' or 'not quite right' without being overly negative. It can also be used to describe a situation that is hard to judge or evaluate clearly.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3691

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moderate, Irresponsible

Reading

Kanji

加Join, Add 減Decrease

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'いい加減 (いいかげん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'irresponsible' or 'careless', often used to describe someone who does not take their responsibilities seriously. For example: he is so irresponsible「彼はいい加減だ」(かれはいいかげんだ). The second meaning is 'moderate' or 'appropriate', used to describe something that is neither too much nor too little. For example: this temperature is just right「この温度はいい加減だ」(このおんどはいいかげんだ). The word can also imply a sense of being 'half-hearted' or 'not thorough' depending on the context. For instance: stop being so half-hearted「いい加減にしなさい」(いいかげんにしなさい).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3703

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Influential

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有力 (ゆうりょく)' means 'influential' or 'powerful'. It is used to describe someone or something that has significant influence, power, or authority in a particular context. This term is often used in discussions about politics, business, or social matters. For example: He is an influential politician「彼は有力な政治家だ」(かれはゆうりょくなせいじかだ). This is a powerful theory「これは有力な理論だ」(これはゆうりょくなりろんだ). The word can also imply that something is a strong candidate or a leading possibility, as in '有力な候補 (ゆうりょくなこうほ) (strong candidate)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3723

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pitiful

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 哀Pity, Sorrow 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '可哀想 (かわいそう)' means 'pitiful' or 'deserving of sympathy'. It is used to express a feeling of pity or compassion towards someone or something in an unfortunate situation. This word is often used when observing someone's suffering, misfortune, or hardship. For example: That stray dog looks pitiful「その野良犬は可哀想だ」(そののらいぬはかわいそうだ). I feel sorry for her「彼女が可哀想だ」(かのじょがかわいそうだ). It can also be used to describe situations or objects that evoke a sense of sadness or sympathy, such as a broken toy or a neglected plant. The nuance is empathetic and often carries a sense of wanting to help or comfort the subject.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3764

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pure

Reading

Kanji

純Pure 粋Refined, Stylish

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '純粋 (じゅんすい)' means 'pure'. It is used to describe something that is free from impurities, contamination, or anything that might dilute its essence. This term can be applied to physical substances, such as pure water「純粋な水」(じゅんすいなみず), as well as abstract concepts, like pure intentions「純粋な意図」(じゅんすいないと). It can also describe a person's character, indicating innocence or sincerity, as in 'a pure heart'「純粋な心」(じゅんすいなこころ). The word carries a positive connotation, often implying something is untainted or genuine.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3828

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eternity

Reading

Kanji

永Eternity 遠Far

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '永遠 (えいえん)' means 'eternity' or 'perpetual'. It is used to describe something that lasts forever, without end. This word is often used in poetic or philosophical contexts to express timelessness or unending continuity. For example: Their love is eternal「彼らの愛は永遠だ」(かれらのあいはえいえんだ). The beauty of nature is eternal「自然の美しさは永遠だ」(しぜんのうつくしさはえいえんだ). It can also be used to describe abstract concepts like time, life, or emotions that are perceived as infinite.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3832

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eternal

Reading

Kanji

永Eternity 久Long time

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '永久 (えいきゅう)' means 'eternal' or 'permanent'. It is used to describe something that lasts forever or has no end. This word is often used in contexts related to time, nature, or abstract concepts. For example: eternal love「永久の愛」(えいきゅうのあい). The beauty of this place is eternal「この場所の美しさは永久だ」(このばしょのうつくしさはえいきゅうだ). Note that '永久' is often used in formal or poetic contexts to emphasize the timeless nature of something.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3833

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New

Reading

Kanji

新New 規Standard, Regulation

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '新規 (しんき)' means 'new' and is often used to describe something that is newly established, introduced, or started. It is commonly used in business contexts to refer to new customers, projects, or accounts. For example: We are looking for new customers「新規の顧客を探しています」(しんきのこきゃくをさがしています). This is a new project「これは新規のプロジェクトです」(これはしんきのぷろじぇくとです). The term emphasizes the freshness or novelty of the subject and is frequently used in formal or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3839

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heart

Reading

Kanji

心Heart 臓Entrails, Viscera

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '心臓 (しんぞう)' refers to the 'heart', the organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It is used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: His heart is strong「彼の心臓は強い」(かれのしんぞうはつよい). This can also be used metaphorically to describe courage or emotional strength, as in: She has the heart of a lion「彼女は心臓が強い」(かのじょはしんぞうがつよい). Note that '心臓' is often used in medical or biological contexts, but can also appear in everyday language to describe emotional states or characteristics.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3845

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Public, Official

Reading

Kanji

公Public 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '公的 (こうてき)' refers to something related to the public or official matters. It is often used to describe actions, organizations, or systems that are connected to the government, public institutions, or formal procedures. For example: public funding「公的な資金」(こうてきなしきん). This is an official document「これは公的な書類です」(これはこうてきなしょるいです). The word can also imply a sense of formality or legitimacy, as in '公的な立場 (こうてきなたちば) (official position)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3854

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enthusiastic

Reading

Kanji

熱Heat, Temperature 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '熱心 (ねっしん)' means 'enthusiastic' or 'zealous'. It describes someone who is deeply committed, passionate, or earnest about something. This word is often used to describe a person's attitude or approach toward a task, hobby, or goal. For example: He is enthusiastic about studying「彼は勉強に熱心だ」(かれはべんきょうにねっしんだ). She is passionate about her work「彼女は仕事に熱心です」(かのじょはしごとにねっしんです). The word can also be used to describe a group or organization that is dedicated to a cause, such as '熱心なボランティア (ねっしんなぼらんてぃあ)' (enthusiastic volunteers).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3891

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strong, Powerful

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '強力 (きょうりょく)' means 'powerful' or 'strong'. It is used to describe something or someone that possesses great strength, force, or effectiveness. This term can be applied to physical strength, as well as to abstract concepts like influence or efficacy. For example: This medicine is powerful「この薬は強力だ」(このくすりはきょうりょくだ). He is a strong leader「彼は強力なリーダーだ」(かれはきょうりょくなリーダーだ). Note that '強力' is often used in contexts where the strength or power is notable or exceptional.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3901

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legal

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '法的 (ほうてき)' means 'legal' or 'related to law'. It is used to describe something that pertains to the law or has a legal basis. This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as legal documents, discussions about regulations, or when referring to legal procedures. For example: legal measures「法的措置」(ほうてきそち). This is a legal requirement「これは法的な要件です」(これはほうてきなようけんです). The term can also be used to describe actions or decisions that are made in accordance with the law, such as '法的に正しい (ほうてきにただしい) (legally correct)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3922

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extreme

Reading

Kanji

極Extreme, Pole 端End, Edge

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '極端 (きょくたん)' means 'extreme'. It is used to describe something that is far beyond the norm or is at the furthest end of a spectrum. This word can be applied to actions, opinions, or situations that are notably excessive or radical. For example: His opinion is extreme「彼の意見は極端だ」(かれのいけんはきょくたんだ). She has an extreme way of thinking「彼女の考え方は極端だ」(かのじょのかんがえかたはきょくたんだ). It can also describe physical extremes, such as extreme weather「極端な天気」(きょくたんなてんき). Note that '極端' is often used in a negative context to imply something is overly excessive or unreasonable.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3953

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detailed

Reading

Kanji

詳Detailed 細Slender

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '詳細 (しょうさい)' means 'detailed'. It is used to describe something that is thorough, comprehensive, or contains a lot of information. This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as reports, explanations, or descriptions. For example: Please provide a detailed explanation「詳細な説明をしてください」(しょうさいなせつめいをしてください). The details of the plan are unclear「計画の詳細は不明です」(けいかくのしょうさいはふめいです). Note that '詳細' can also function as a noun, meaning 'details', but the primary meaning as an adjectival noun is 'detailed'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4020

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impatient

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'せっかち' describes someone who is impatient or always in a hurry. It is often used to characterize a person who acts hastily or cannot wait calmly. For example: He is so impatient「彼はとてもせっかちだ」(かれはとてもせっかちだ). Being impatient won't help「せっかちになっても仕方がない」(せっかちになってもしかたがない). This word carries a slightly negative nuance, implying that the person's impatience might lead to mistakes or poor decisions.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

4041

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reverse, Opposite

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '逆 (ぎゃく)' primarily means 'reverse' or 'opposite'. It is used to describe something that is contrary to the expected or usual direction, order, or condition. This word can be applied in various contexts, such as physical directions, logical sequences, or even abstract concepts. For example: the reverse side of the paper「紙の逆」(かみのぎゃく). He did the opposite of what I told him「彼は私が言ったことの逆をした」(かれはわたしがいったことのぎゃくをした). It's important to note that '逆' can also be used in compound words to express reversal or opposition, such as '逆転 (ぎゃくてん)' meaning 'reversal' or 'turnaround'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4072

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Upside down

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '逆さ (さかさ)' means 'upside down'. It is used to describe something that is inverted or in a reversed position. This term can be applied to physical objects, situations, or even abstract concepts. For example: the picture is upside down「その絵は逆さだ」(そのえはさかさだ). He hung the flag upside down「彼は旗を逆さに掛けた」(かれははたをさかさにかけた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that are contrary to what is expected or normal.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4074

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Upside down

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '逆さま (さかさま)' means 'upside down'. It describes something that is in a position where the top is at the bottom and the bottom is at the top. This word is often used to describe physical objects, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or states of being. For example: The picture is upside down「その絵は逆さまです」(そのえはさかさまです). He hung the map upside down「彼は地図を逆さまに掛けた」(かれはちずをさかさまにかけた). It's important to note that '逆さま' can also imply a sense of disorder or confusion, as in 'Everything is upside down in this house'「この家の中はすべて逆さまです」(このいえのなかはすべてさかさまです).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4075

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transparent

Reading

Kanji

透Pass through, Transparent 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '透明 (とうめい)' means 'transparent'. It is used to describe something that allows light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is clear or easily understood. For example: The glass is transparent「ガラスは透明だ」(ガラスはとうめいだ). Her intentions were transparent「彼女の意図は透明だった」(かのじょのいとはとうめいだった). This word is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in describing clarity and visibility.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4076

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

High level

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '高等 (こうとう)' means 'high-level' or 'advanced'. It is often used to describe something of a higher grade, rank, or complexity. For example, it is commonly used in educational contexts to refer to advanced studies or institutions, such as high schools or higher education. Example sentences: This is a high-level course「これは高等なコースです」(これはこうとうなコースです). He attends a high-level school「彼は高等な学校に通っています」(かれはこうとうながっこうにかよっています). The term can also be used in other contexts to describe advanced or sophisticated things, such as technology or skills.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4087

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fortunate

Reading

Kanji

幸Happiness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '幸い (さいわい)' means 'fortunate' or 'luckily'. It is used to describe a situation or outcome that is favorable or beneficial. This word can also function as an adverb, meaning 'fortunately' or 'luckily'. For example: Fortunately, it didn't rain「幸い、雨は降らなかった」(さいわい、あめはふらなかった). It was fortunate that he arrived on time「彼が時間通りに到着して幸いだった」(かれがじかんどおりにとうちゃくしてさいわいだった). The word often carries a sense of gratitude or relief about the positive outcome.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4131

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Luck

Reading

Kanji

幸Happiness 運Fortune

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '幸運 (こううん)' means 'luck' or 'good fortune'. It is used to describe a fortunate or lucky situation, event, or outcome. This term often carries a positive connotation and is used in contexts where someone experiences or wishes for good luck. For example: I had good luck today「今日は幸運だった」(きょうはこううんだった). Wishing you good luck「幸運を祈ります」(こううんをいのります). It can also be used to describe someone as lucky, as in '彼は幸運な人だ (かれはこううんなひとだ) (He is a lucky person).'

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4132

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Happiness

Reading

Kanji

幸Happiness 福Blessing

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '幸福 (こうふく)' means 'happiness'. It refers to a state of well-being, contentment, or joy. This word is often used in formal or literary contexts to describe a deep or lasting sense of happiness. For example: I wish you happiness「あなたに幸福を願います」(あなたにこうふくをねがいます). True happiness is hard to find「真の幸福を見つけるのは難しい」(しんのこうふくをみつけるのはむずかしい). Note that '幸福' is more profound and less casual than other words for happiness like '幸せ (しあわせ)', which is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4133

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Essential

Reading

Kanji

不Not 可Possible 欠Lack

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不可欠 (ふかけつ)' means 'essential' or 'indispensable'. It is used to describe something that is absolutely necessary or cannot be done without. This term is often used in formal or academic contexts to emphasize the importance of a particular element. For example: Sleep is essential for health「睡眠は健康に不可欠です」(すいみんはけんこうにふかけつです). Teamwork is indispensable for success「チームワークは成功に不可欠だ」(チームワークはせいこうにふかけつだ). Note that '不可欠' is often followed by particles like 'に' or 'な' to modify nouns, as in '不可欠な要素 (ふかけつなようそ) (essential element)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4163

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Careful

Reading

Kanji

慎Prudent, Humility 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '慎重 (しんちょう)' means 'careful' or 'cautious'. It describes a state of being deliberate, thoughtful, and avoiding unnecessary risks. This word is often used to describe someone's behavior, approach, or decision-making process. For example: He is very careful when making decisions「彼は決定を下す時に非常に慎重です」(かれはけっていをくだすときにひじょうにしんちょうです). Please handle this matter carefully「この件を慎重に扱ってください」(このけんをしんちょうにあつかってください). The word can also be used to describe actions, such as '慎重な計画 (しんちょうなけいかく)' (careful planning).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4232

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close

Reading

Kanji

身Body, Self 近Near

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '身近 (みぢか)' means 'close' in the sense of being near or familiar. It is used to describe something that is physically close, emotionally close, or easily accessible. For example: The park is close to my house「その公園は私の家に身近です」(そのこうえんはわたしのいえにみぢかです). This topic is close to my heart「この話題は私にとって身近です」(このわだいはわたしにとってみぢかです). It can also describe something that is part of one's daily life or experience, such as '身近な問題 (みぢかなもんだい) (a familiar problem)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4243

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abundant

Reading

Kanji

豊Plentiful 富Wealth, Rich

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '豊富 (ほうふ)' means 'abundant' or 'plentiful'. It is used to describe a large quantity or variety of something, often in a positive context. For example: This region has abundant resources「この地域は資源が豊富だ」(このちいきはしげんがほうふだ). The library has a plentiful collection of books「図書館には本が豊富にある」(としょかんにはほんがほうふにある). '豊富' is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to emphasize the richness or sufficiency of something.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4271

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stingy

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'けち (kechi)' primarily means 'stingy' or 'cheap'. It is used to describe someone who is unwilling to spend money or use resources, often to an excessive degree. This term can carry a negative connotation, implying a lack of generosity. For example: he is stingy「彼はけちだ」(かれはけちだ). Don't be so stingy with the sauce「ソースをけちらないで」(ソースをけちらないで). In some contexts, 'けち' can also imply something is of poor quality or shabby, but this usage is less common and typically tied to the idea of being cheap or miserly.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

4277

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advantageous

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 利Profit, Advantage

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有利 (ゆうり)' means 'advantageous' or 'favorable'. It is used to describe situations, conditions, or positions that provide a benefit or advantage. For example: This deal is advantageous for us「この取引は私たちにとって有利だ」(このとりひきはわたしたちにとってゆうりだ). The team is in a favorable position「そのチームは有利な立場にある」(そのチームはゆうりなたちばにある). It is often used in contexts related to business, competition, or strategic decisions.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excellent

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle 秀Excel, Excellent

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '優秀 (ゆうしゅう)' means 'excellent' and is used to describe someone or something that is outstanding, superior, or of high quality. It is often used to praise people, such as students, employees, or professionals, for their exceptional abilities or achievements. For example: He is an excellent student「彼は優秀な学生です」(かれはゆうしゅうながくせいです). This is an excellent product「これは優秀な製品です」(これはゆうしゅうなせいひんです). The term carries a formal tone and is commonly used in academic, professional, or evaluative contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4313

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Luxury

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 級Grade, Rank

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '高級 (こうきゅう)' refers to something of high quality, luxury, or premium status. It is often used to describe items, services, or establishments that are considered upscale or exclusive. For example: This is a luxury hotel「これは高級ホテルです」(これはこうきゅうホテルです). She bought a luxury bag「彼女は高級バッグを買った」(かのじょはこうきゅうバッグをかった). The term can also imply sophistication or refinement, and it is commonly used in contexts like '高級レストラン (こうきゅうレストラン)' (luxury restaurant) or '高級車 (こうきゅうしゃ)' (luxury car).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4327

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clean, Hygienic

Reading

Kanji

清Clear, Pure 潔Immaculate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '清潔 (せいけつ)' primarily means 'clean' or 'hygienic'. It is used to describe something that is free from dirt, germs, or impurities, and can refer to both physical cleanliness and moral purity. For example: This hospital is very clean「この病院はとても清潔です」(このびょういんはとてもせいけつです). She always keeps her room clean「彼女はいつも部屋を清潔にしている」(かのじょはいつもへやをせいけつにしている). The word can also imply a sense of neatness or orderliness, and is often used in contexts related to health, hygiene, and personal care.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4359

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inherent

Reading

Kanji

固Hard 有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '固有 (こゆう)' means 'inherent' or 'intrinsic'. It refers to something that is innate, natural, or unique to a particular thing or situation. This word is often used to describe characteristics, properties, or qualities that are specific and essential to something. For example: This species has an inherent ability to adapt「この種は固有の適応能力を持っている」(このしゅはこゆうのてきおうのうりょくをもっている). The culture has its own inherent traditions「その文化には固有の伝統がある」(そのぶんかにはこゆうのでんとうがある). It can also be used in contexts like '固有の価値 (こゆうのかち)' (inherent value) or '固有の性質 (こゆうのせいしつ)' (intrinsic nature).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4420

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Urgent

Reading

Kanji

緊Tense, Tighten 急Urgent

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '緊急 (きんきゅう)' means 'urgent' and is used to describe situations, matters, or actions that require immediate attention or action. It often conveys a sense of importance and immediacy. For example: This is an urgent matter「これは緊急の事です」(これはきんきゅうのことです). An urgent meeting was held「緊急の会議が開かれました」(きんきゅうのかいぎがひらかれました). The word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as emergencies, official announcements, or critical situations.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4503

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lively

Reading

Kanji

活Lively 発Departure

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '活発 (かっぱつ)' means 'lively' or 'active'. It is used to describe someone or something that is full of energy, enthusiasm, or vigor. This word is often used to describe people, animals, or activities that are dynamic and spirited. For example: She is a lively child「彼女は活発な子供です」(かのじょはかっぱつなこどもです). The discussion became lively「議論が活発になった」(ぎろんがかっぱつになった). Note that '活発' is often used in contexts where there is a sense of movement, energy, or engagement.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4536

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loneliness

Reading

Kanji

孤Orphan, Solitary 独Alone

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '孤独 (こどく)' means 'loneliness'. It describes the state of being alone, isolated, or feeling disconnected from others. This word often carries an emotional weight, emphasizing the sadness or emptiness associated with being alone. For example: he felt deep loneliness「彼は深い孤独を感じた」(かれはふかいこどくをかんじた). Loneliness is a common theme in literature「孤独は文学のよくあるテーマだ」(こどくはぶんがくのよくあるテーマだ). It can also be used to describe a physical state of being alone, but it is more commonly associated with emotional isolation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honest, Sincere

Reading

Kanji

誠Sincerity 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '誠実 (せいじつ)' conveys the qualities of sincerity and honesty. It is used to describe someone who is genuine, trustworthy, and acts with integrity. This word is often used to praise someone's character or behavior. For example: He is a sincere person「彼は誠実な人です」(かれはせいじつなひとです). She answered honestly「彼女は誠実に答えた」(かのじょはせいじつにこたえた). The term can also be applied to actions or attitudes, emphasizing a lack of deceit or ulterior motives. Note that while 'sincere' and 'honest' are closely related, they are distinct enough to warrant separate meanings in this context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4588

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Engrossed

Reading

Kanji

夢Dream 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '夢中 (むちゅう)' means 'engrossed' or 'absorbed'. It describes a state of being completely focused or captivated by something, often to the point of losing awareness of one's surroundings. This word is commonly used to express deep involvement in activities, hobbies, or emotions. For example: I was engrossed in the game「ゲームに夢中だった」(ゲームにむちゅうだった). She is absorbed in her studies「彼女は勉強に夢中です」(かのじょはべんきょうにむちゅうです). The word can also imply a sense of obsession or infatuation, as in: He is infatuated with her「彼は彼女に夢中だ」(かれはかのじょにむちゅうだ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4624

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frequent

Reading

Kanji

頻Frequently, Frequent 繁Thrive, Overgrown

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '頻繁 (ひんぱん)' means 'frequent'. It is used to describe something that happens often or repeatedly. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate regularity or high occurrence. For example: He makes frequent trips to Japan「彼は頻繁に日本へ行く」(かれはひんぱんににほんへいく). The train delays are frequent「電車の遅延は頻繁だ」(でんしゃのちえんはひんぱんだ). Note that '頻繁' is often used with the particle 'に' when modifying a verb, as in '頻繁に会う (ひんぱんにあう) (to meet frequently)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4672

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unnecessary

Reading

Kanji

不Not 要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不要 (ふよう)' means 'unnecessary'. It is used to describe something that is not needed or required. This word is often used in formal or practical contexts, such as in instructions, warnings, or when discussing items or actions that are superfluous. For example: This tool is unnecessary「この道具は不要です」(このどうぐはふようです). Unnecessary items should be removed「不要なものは取り除いてください」(ふようなものはとりのぞいてください). The word can also imply that something is redundant or excessive, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4689

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vertical

Reading

Kanji

垂Hang down 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '垂直 (すいちょく)' means 'vertical'. It is used to describe something that is perpendicular to the horizon or at a right angle to a horizontal plane. This term is commonly used in contexts such as geometry, architecture, and everyday descriptions. For example: the wall is vertical「壁は垂直です」(かべはすいちょくです). The tower stands vertically「塔は垂直に立っている」(とうはすいちょくにたっている). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is straightforward or direct, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4748

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Coincidence

Reading

Kanji

偶Couple, By chance 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '偶然 (ぐうぜん)' means 'coincidence'. It refers to something happening by chance, without any deliberate intention or planning. This word is often used to describe unexpected events or encounters that seem to happen by luck or fate. For example: It was a coincidence that we met「偶然会った」(ぐうぜんあった). By coincidence, I found the book I was looking for「偶然、探していた本を見つけた」(ぐうぜん、さがしていたほんをみつけた). The word can also be used to express surprise or wonder at how things align unexpectedly.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4769

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stubborn

Reading

Kanji

頑Stubborn 固Hard

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '頑固 (がんこ)' means 'stubborn'. It is used to describe someone who is unyielding or inflexible in their opinions, attitudes, or behavior. This word often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that the person is unreasonably resistant to change or compromise. For example: my grandfather is stubborn「私の祖父は頑固だ」(わたしのそふはがんこだ). He is too stubborn to admit his mistake「彼は間違いを認めるには頑固すぎる」(かれはまちがいをみとめるにはがんこすぎる). The term can also be used to describe objects or situations that are difficult to change or fix, such as a 'stubborn stain' (頑固な汚れ, がんこなよごれ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4859

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rare

Reading

Kanji

滅Ruin, Destroy 多Many

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '滅多 (めった)' means 'rare' and is often used in negative constructions to indicate that something seldom happens. It is commonly paired with the negative form of verbs to express infrequency. For example: I rarely go there「滅多に行かない」(めったにいかない). He rarely gets angry「彼は滅多に怒らない」(かれはめったにおこらない). The word is typically used in formal or written contexts and carries a nuance of something being unusual or exceptional.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4889

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sturdy

Reading

Kanji

頑Stubborn 丈Stout, Length

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '頑丈 (がんじょう)' means 'sturdy' or 'robust'. It is used to describe something that is strongly built, durable, or tough, often referring to physical objects or structures. For example: This table is sturdy「このテーブルは頑丈だ」(このテーブルはがんじょうだ). The bridge is robust「その橋は頑丈だ」(そのはしはがんじょうだ). It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's health or resolve, as in 'He has a sturdy constitution'「彼は頑丈な体を持っている」(かれはがんじょうなからだをもっている).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4931

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cowardly

Reading

Kanji

臆Cowardice 病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '臆病 (おくびょう)' means 'cowardly'. It is used to describe someone who lacks courage or is easily frightened. This term often carries a negative connotation, implying timidity or fearfulness in situations where bravery is expected. For example: he is too cowardly to face the challenge「彼は臆病でその挑戦に立ち向かえない」(かれはおくびょうでそのちょうせんにたちむかえない). Don't be so cowardly!「そんなに臆病にならないで！」(そんなにおくびょうにならないで！). The word can also describe a cautious or overly timid approach to something, such as 'a cowardly attitude' (臆病な態度, おくびょうなたいど).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5039

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Full

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'フル (furu)' means 'full'. It is often used to describe something that is complete, at maximum capacity, or fully utilized. This term is commonly borrowed from English and used in contexts like 'full power' or 'full capacity'. For example: I used full power「フルパワーを使った」(ふるぱわーをつかった). The hotel is fully booked「ホテルはフルです」(ほてるはふるです). Note that 'フル' is typically used in casual or modern contexts and is often paired with other loanwords or phrases.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

5117

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serious

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '本気 (ほんき)' means 'serious'. It is used to describe a genuine, earnest, or sincere attitude or state of mind. It often implies a lack of joking or superficiality. For example: He is serious about his studies「彼は勉強に本気です」(かれはべんきょうにほんきです). Are you serious?「本気ですか？」(ほんきですか？). It can also describe actions or situations that are done with full effort or commitment, such as '本気で頑張る (ほんきでがんばる) (to seriously try hard)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5193

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Positive

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '前向き (まえむき)' means 'positive' or 'forward-looking'. It is used to describe an attitude or approach that is optimistic, constructive, and focused on progress or improvement. This term is often used in contexts related to personal growth, problem-solving, or decision-making. For example: She has a positive attitude「彼女は前向きです」(かのじょはまえむきです). We need to take a forward-looking approach「前向きなアプローチが必要です」(まえむきなあぷろーちがひつようです). The word can also imply a willingness to face challenges and move forward, rather than dwelling on the past or being pessimistic.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5237

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Better

Reading

Kanji

増Increase

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '増し (まし)' means 'better' or 'preferable' in a comparative sense. It is often used to express that one situation or option is better than another, especially when both options are not ideal. For example: Being alone is better than being with someone annoying「一人でいる方がましだ」(ひとりでいるほうがましだ). This word is commonly used in contexts where the speaker is choosing the lesser of two evils or expressing a slight improvement. It can also imply a sense of resignation or compromise, as in 'It's not great, but it's better than nothing.'

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5307

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Near

Reading

Kanji

間Interval, Space 近Near

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '間近 (まぢか)' means 'near' or 'close at hand'. It is used to describe something that is physically close in proximity or something that is about to happen soon. This word often conveys a sense of immediacy or closeness in time or space. For example: The exam is near「試験が間近だ」(しけんがまぢかだ). The station is near「駅は間近です」(えきはまぢかです). It can also be used to describe events that are imminent, such as 'The deadline is near'「締め切りが間近だ」(しめきりがまぢかだ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5370

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Older

Reading

Kanji

年Year 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '年長 (ねんちょう)' means 'older' and is used to describe someone who is older in age, particularly in comparison to others. It is often used in contexts involving seniority, such as in schools, workplaces, or social groups. For example: She is older than me「彼女は私より年長です」(かのじょはわたしよりねんちょうです). The older students helped the younger ones「年長の生徒が年少の生徒を助けました」(ねんちょうのせいとがねんしょうのせいとをたすけました). Note that '年長' is often used in formal or respectful contexts to acknowledge age differences.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5372

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clear, Obvious

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 白White

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '明白 (めいはく)' means 'clear' or 'obvious'. It is used to describe something that is evident, unambiguous, or easily understood. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize clarity or certainty. For example: The evidence is clear「証拠は明白だ」(しょうこはめいはくだ). It's obvious that he is lying「彼が嘘をついているのは明白だ」(かれがうそをついているのはめいはくだ). Note that '明白' is often followed by the copula 'だ' or 'です' to form a complete statement.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5404

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bright red

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 赤Red

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '真っ赤 (まっか)' means 'bright red'. It is used to describe something that is vividly or intensely red in color. This term can be used to describe objects, emotions, or even situations. For example: her face turned bright red「彼女の顔は真っ赤になった」(かのじょのかおはまっかになった). The sky was bright red at sunset「夕焼けで空が真っ赤だった」(ゆうやけでそらがまっかだった). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is blatantly obvious or completely false, as in '真っ赤な嘘 (まっかなうそ) (a blatant lie)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5405

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quiet

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無口 (むくち)' refers to someone who is 'quiet' or 'taciturn', often describing a person who speaks little or is not talkative. It is used to characterize someone's personality or behavior. For example: He is a quiet person「彼は無口な人です」(かれはむくちなひとです). She became quiet after the incident「彼女はその出来事の後、無口になりました」(かのじょはそのできごとのあと、むくちになりました). This term is neutral and does not inherently carry a positive or negative connotation, though context can influence its interpretation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5433

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reckless

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 茶Tea

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無茶 (むちゃ)' primarily means 'reckless' or 'unreasonable'. It is often used to describe actions or behavior that are done without considering the consequences or that defy common sense. For example: He made a reckless decision「彼は無茶な決断をした」(かれはむちゃなけつだんをした). Don't do anything unreasonable「無茶をしないで」(むちゃをしないで). The word can also imply something being excessive or absurd, such as in the phrase '無茶苦茶 (むちゃくちゃ)', which means 'utterly chaotic' or 'completely messed up'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5438

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Useless, Unnecessary

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無用 (むよう)' can mean 'useless' or 'unnecessary'. It is used to describe something that has no practical value or is not needed. For example: this tool is useless「この道具は無用だ」(このどうぐはむようだ). It is unnecessary to worry「心配は無用です」(しんぱいはむようです). The word can also imply that something is not required or should be avoided, as in '無用な争い (むようなあらそい) (unnecessary conflict)'. Note that '無用' can carry a slightly formal tone and is often used in written or formal spoken contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5459

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ignorance

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 知Know

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無知 (むち)' means 'ignorance'. It refers to a lack of knowledge, awareness, or understanding about something. This term is often used to describe a state of being uninformed or unaware, and it can carry a slightly negative connotation depending on the context. For example: His ignorance is astonishing「彼の無知には驚かされる」(かれのむちにはおどろかされる). Ignorance is not always bliss「無知は必ずしも幸福ではない」(むちはかならずしもこうふくではない). The word can also be used in a more neutral or descriptive sense, such as in the phrase '無知な人 (むちなひと)', which means 'an ignorant person'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5523

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Capable

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有能 (ゆうのう)' means 'capable' or 'competent'. It is used to describe someone who has the ability, skill, or talent to perform tasks effectively. This word is often used in professional or formal contexts to praise someone's abilities. For example: He is a capable employee「彼は有能な社員です」(かれはゆうのうなしゃいんです). She is competent at her job「彼女は仕事に有能です」(かのじょはしごとにゆうのうです). Note that '有能' is often followed by the particle 'な' when modifying a noun, as in '有能な人 (ゆうのうなひと) (capable person)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Incompetent

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無能 (むのう)' means 'incompetent'. It is used to describe someone who lacks the necessary skills, ability, or capacity to perform a task or fulfill a role effectively. This term carries a strong negative connotation and is often used in critical or evaluative contexts. For example: He is incompetent at his job「彼は仕事で無能だ」(かれはしごとでむのうだ). The manager was deemed incompetent「そのマネージャーは無能だと見なされた」(そのマネージャーはむのうだとみなされた). Note that '無能' is typically used to describe people rather than objects or situations.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Anxiety

Reading

Kanji

不Not 安Cheap, Relax

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不安 (ふあん)' primarily means 'anxiety' or 'unease'. It describes a feeling of worry, nervousness, or fear about something uncertain or potentially negative. It is often used to express emotional states related to uncertainty or insecurity. For example: I feel anxiety about the future「将来に不安を感じる」(しょうらいにふあんをかんじる). Her voice was filled with unease「彼女の声には不安が溢れていた」(かのじょのこえにはふあんがあふれていた). This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to describe emotional distress or concern.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5538

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dissatisfaction

Reading

Kanji

不Not 満Full

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不満 (ふまん)' means 'dissatisfaction'. It is used to express a feeling of discontent or unhappiness with a situation, condition, or outcome. This word is often used in contexts where someone feels that something is lacking or not meeting their expectations. For example: He expressed dissatisfaction with the results「彼は結果に不満を述べた」(かれはけっかにふまんをのべた). There is dissatisfaction among the employees「従業員の間に不満がある」(じゅうぎょういんのあいだにふまんがある). It can also be used to describe a general state of dissatisfaction, as in '不満な気持ち (ふまんなきもち) (a feeling of dissatisfaction)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5539

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impossible

Reading

Kanji

不Not 可Possible 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不可能 (ふかのう)' means 'impossible'. It is used to describe situations, tasks, or events that cannot be achieved or realized. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts to emphasize the unfeasibility of something. For example: It is impossible to finish this task today「このタスクを今日中に終わらせるのは不可能だ」(このタスクをきょうじゅうにおわらせるのはふかのうだ). Climbing that mountain without equipment is impossible「その山を装備なしで登るのは不可能だ」(そのやまをそうびなしでのぼるのはふかのうだ). Note that '不可能' is often used in conjunction with verbs or nouns to express the impossibility of an action or state.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5541

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Insufficient

Reading

Kanji

不Not 十Ten 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不十分 (ふじゅうぶん)' means 'insufficient'. It is used to describe something that lacks the necessary quantity, quality, or completeness. This term is often used in formal or critical contexts to indicate that more is needed or that something is not adequate. For example: The explanation was insufficient「説明が不十分だった」(せつめいがふじゅうぶんだった). The preparation was insufficient「準備が不十分だった」(じゅんびがふじゅうぶんだった). It can also be used to describe abstract concepts, such as efforts or measures, indicating they are not enough to achieve a desired outcome.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unknown

Reading

Kanji

不Not 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不明 (ふめい)' means 'unknown' or 'unclear'. It is used to describe something that is not known, not understood, or not clear. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as news reports, investigations, or official statements. For example: the cause of death is unknown「死因は不明です」(しいんはふめいです). The whereabouts of the suspect are unclear「容疑者の行方は不明です」(ようぎしゃのゆくえはふめいです). It can also be used to describe something that is uncertain or ambiguous, as in 'the details are unclear'「詳細は不明です」(しょうさいはふめいです).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5552

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bad, Delinquent

Reading

Kanji

不Not 良Good

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不良 (ふりょう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'bad', often referring to something of poor quality or condition. For example: This product is bad「この製品は不良だ」(このせいひんはふりょうだ). The second meaning is 'delinquent', referring to a person, typically a youth, who behaves in a way that is against societal norms or laws. For example: He is a delinquent「彼は不良だ」(かれはふりょうだ). It's important to note that the context in which '不良' is used will determine which meaning is intended. When referring to objects or conditions, it generally means 'bad', while when referring to people, it usually means 'delinquent'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unjust

Reading

Kanji

不Not 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不当 (ふとう)' means 'unjust' or 'unfair'. It is used to describe actions, decisions, or situations that are not morally right or reasonable. This word often carries a strong negative connotation and is commonly used in legal, ethical, or social contexts. For example: That decision was unjust「その決定は不当だった」(そのけっていはふとうだった). It is unjust to treat people differently「人を差別するのは不当だ」(ひとをさべつするのはふとうだ). Note that '不当' is often used in formal or serious discussions, and it can also imply a violation of rules or principles.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Raw

Reading

Kanji

生Life

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '生 (なま)' primarily means 'raw' or 'uncooked'. It is commonly used to describe food that is not cooked, such as raw fish or raw vegetables. Additionally, it can also imply something being 'live' or 'unprocessed', such as in the context of live broadcasts or unedited recordings. Example sentences: I ate raw fish「生の魚を食べた」(なまのさかなをたべた). This is a live broadcast「これは生放送です」(これはなまほうそうです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something in its natural or unaltered state.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5647

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confident, Bullish

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '強気 (つよき)' primarily means 'confident' or 'bullish'. It is often used to describe a person's attitude or demeanor, indicating that they are assertive, bold, or optimistic. In financial contexts, it can describe a market trend that is expected to rise, hence the meaning 'bullish'. For example: He is very confident about the future「彼は将来について強気だ」(かれはしょうらいについてつよきだ). The market is bullish「市場は強気だ」(しじょうはつよきだ). This term is commonly used in both personal and professional settings to convey a strong, positive outlook.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5669

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Timid

Reading

Kanji

弱Weak 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '弱気 (よわき)' primarily means 'timid' or 'lacking confidence'. It is used to describe a person's attitude or behavior when they are hesitant, fearful, or unsure about taking action. This word often carries a nuance of being overly cautious or lacking assertiveness. For example: He is timid about making decisions「彼は決断に弱気だ」(かれはけつだんによわきだ). Don't be timid when negotiating「交渉に弱気になるな」(こうしょうによわきになるな). In some contexts, it can also refer to a pessimistic or bearish attitude in financial markets, but this usage is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5677

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rapid, Sudden

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent 激Violent, Fierce

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '急激 (きゅうげき)' describes something that happens suddenly or changes rapidly. It is often used to describe abrupt changes in situations, conditions, or trends. For example: a sudden increase in temperature「気温の急激な上昇」(きおんのきゅうげきなじょうしょう). The rapid growth of technology「技術の急激な進歩」(ぎじゅつのきゅうげきなしんぽ). This word emphasizes the speed and intensity of the change, making it suitable for both positive and negative contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5684

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Personal

Reading

Kanji

私Private, Me 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '私的 (してき)' means 'personal'. It is used to describe something that is related to an individual's private life, opinions, or interests, rather than being public or official. This term often carries a nuance of being subjective or not related to formal or professional matters. For example: This is my personal opinion「これは私的な意見です」(これはしてきないけんです). He has a personal connection to the case「彼はその事件に私的なつながりがある」(かれはそのじけんにしてきなつながりがある). Note that '私的' is often used in contrast to '公的 (こうてき)', which means 'public' or 'official'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5692

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crucial

Reading

Kanji

肝Liver 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '肝心 (かんじん)' means 'crucial' or 'essential'. It is used to describe something that is of utmost importance or critical to a situation. This word often emphasizes the significance of a particular element or action. For example: The most crucial part is to stay calm「肝心なのは落ち着くことだ」(かんじんなのはおちつくことだ). It's crucial to follow the instructions「肝心なのは指示に従うことだ」(かんじんなのはしじにしたがうことだ). The word can also be used in contexts where something is vital or indispensable, such as in planning or decision-making processes.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5721

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Irregular

Reading

Kanji

不Not 規Standard, Regulation 則Rule

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不規則 (ふきそく)' means 'irregular'. It is used to describe something that does not follow a set pattern, rule, or schedule. This term can be applied to various contexts, such as irregular schedules, irregular shapes, or irregular behavior. For example: His work hours are irregular「彼の仕事時間は不規則だ」(かれのしごとじかんはふきそくだ). The heartbeat was irregular「心拍が不規則だった」(しんぱくがふきそくだった). Note that '不規則' is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe deviations from the norm.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5765

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Global

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'グローバル (guroubaru)' means 'global'. It is used to describe something that relates to the entire world or has a worldwide scope. This term is often used in contexts such as business, economics, and culture. For example: global economy「グローバル経済」(ぐろーばるけいざい). global perspective「グローバルな視点」(ぐろーばるなしてん). It is important to note that 'グローバル' is often used as a loanword from English and retains its original meaning.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

5767

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disadvantage

Reading

Kanji

不Not 利Profit, Advantage

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不利 (ふり)' means 'disadvantage' or 'unfavorable'. It is used to describe a situation, condition, or position that puts someone at a disadvantage or is unfavorable. This word is often used in contexts such as negotiations, competitions, or strategic planning. For example: The new policy is unfavorable to small businesses「新しい政策は中小企業に不利だ」(あたらしいせいさくはちゅうしょうきぎょうにふりだ). Being late put him at a disadvantage「遅刻したことが彼に不利になった」(ちこくしたことがかれにふりになった). Note that '不利' is often used in formal or strategic contexts and can describe both tangible and intangible disadvantages.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5775

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beneficial

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 益Profit, Benefit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有益 (ゆうえき)' means 'beneficial'. It is used to describe something that provides a significant advantage, profit, or positive outcome. This term is often used in contexts related to education, health, and business to indicate that something is useful or advantageous. For example: This book is beneficial for students「この本は学生にとって有益です」(このほんはがくせいにとってゆうえきです). The meeting was beneficial for the company「その会議は会社にとって有益でした」(そのかいぎはかいしゃにとってゆうえきでした). It can also be used to describe actions or information that are helpful or valuable.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5777

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alone, Independent

Reading

Kanji

単Simple, Single 独Alone

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '単独 (たんどく)' means 'alone' or 'independent'. It is used to describe something or someone that is acting or existing without assistance or accompaniment. This word can be applied to various contexts, such as actions, decisions, or states of being. For example: He went on a solo trip「彼は単独で旅行に行った」(かれはたんどくでりょこうにいった). The company operates independently「その会社は単独で運営されている」(そのかいしゃはたんどくでうんえいされている). Note that '単独' often carries a nuance of self-sufficiency or lack of external support.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5780

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unnecessary

Reading

Kanji

不Not 必Inevitable, Certain 要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不必要 (ふひつよう)' means 'unnecessary'. It is used to describe something that is not needed or required. This term can be applied to objects, actions, or situations. For example: That step is unnecessary「そのステップは不必要です」(そのステップはふひつようです). Buying more is unnecessary「もっと買うのは不必要だ」(もっとかうのはふひつようだ). The word is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize that something can be omitted or avoided without consequence.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5792

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Limited

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有限 (ゆうげん)' means 'limited' or 'finite'. It is used to describe something that has boundaries, constraints, or a definite end. This term is often used in contexts such as time, resources, or capabilities. For example: The resources are limited「資源は有限です」(しげんはゆうげんです). Our time on Earth is finite「地球での時間は有限です」(ちきゅうでのじかんはゆうげんです). It can also be used in business contexts, such as '有限会社 (ゆうげんがいしゃ)', which refers to a limited liability company.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5852

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Infinite

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無限 (むげん)' means 'infinite'. It is used to describe something that has no limits, boundaries, or end. This word can be applied to abstract concepts like time, space, or possibilities, as well as physical entities. For example: the universe is infinite「宇宙は無限だ」(うちゅうはむげんだ). His patience seems infinite「彼の忍耐は無限のようだ」(かれのにんたいはむげんのようだ). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '無限ループ (むげんループ)' (infinite loop) or '無限大 (むげんだい)' (infinity).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5854

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unlimited

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 制System, Control 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無制限 (むせいげん)' means 'unlimited'. It is used to describe something that has no restrictions, limits, or boundaries. This term is often used in contexts related to time, resources, or access. For example: unlimited data plan「無制限のデータプラン」(むせいげんのでーたぷらん). The buffet offers unlimited refills「そのビュッフェは無制限にリフィルできます」(そのびゅっふぇはむせいげんにりふぃるできます). Note that '無制限' is typically used in formal or technical contexts and is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5855

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unstable

Reading

Kanji

不Not 安Cheap, Relax 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不安定 (ふあんてい)' means 'unstable'. It is used to describe something that lacks stability, whether physically, emotionally, or situationally. For example: the economy is unstable「経済は不安定だ」(けいざいはふあんていだ). Her mood is unstable「彼女の気分は不安定だ」(かのじょのきぶんはふあんていだ). This word can also describe something that is precarious or uncertain, such as an unstable relationship「不安定な関係」(ふあんていなかんけい).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5871

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Countless

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無数 (むすう)' means 'countless' or 'innumerable'. It is used to describe something that is so numerous that it cannot be counted or is difficult to count. This term often conveys a sense of overwhelming quantity or abundance. For example: There are countless stars in the sky「空には無数の星がある」(そらにはむすうのほしがある). The museum has countless artifacts「その博物館には無数の遺物がある」(そのはくぶつかんにはむすうのいぶつがある). The word can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, emphasizing the vastness or multitude of something.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5906

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Misfortune

Reading

Kanji

不Not 運Fortune

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不運 (ふうん)' means 'misfortune'. It is used to describe a state of bad luck or unfortunate circumstances. This word can be used to describe events, situations, or even a person's fate. For example: it was a misfortune「不運だった」(ふうんだった). He had a streak of misfortune「彼は不運が続いた」(かれはふうんがつづいた). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as 'the misfortune of war'「戦争の不運」(せんそうのふうん). Note that '不運' is often used in formal or literary contexts, and it carries a slightly more serious tone than other words for bad luck, such as '運が悪い (うんがわるい)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5939

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Easy, Comfort

Reading

Kanji

楽Music, Pleasure

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '楽 (らく)' can mean 'easy' or 'comfort', depending on the context. When used to mean 'easy', it describes something that requires little effort or is not difficult. For example: This work is easy「この仕事は楽だ」(このしごとはらくだ). When used to mean 'comfort', it refers to a state of physical or mental ease. For example: I feel comfortable here「ここは楽だ」(ここはらくだ). It is important to note that '楽' is often used in combination with other words to form compound expressions, such as '楽勝 (らくしょう)' (easy victory) or '楽観 (らっかん)' (optimism).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5997

Composition

kanji

Handwriting