Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Perfect, Tight

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'ぴったり (pittari)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'perfect', often used to describe something that fits or matches exactly, such as a perfect fit or a perfect match. For example: This shirt fits perfectly「このシャツはぴったりだ」(このシャツはぴったりだ). The second meaning is 'tight', used to describe something that fits snugly or closely. For example: The lid is on tight「蓋がぴったり合っている」(ふたがぴったりあっている). The word can also imply precision or exactness in timing or suitability, such as in: The timing was perfect「タイミングがぴったりだった」(タイミングがぴったりだった).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

6007

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appropriate, Fair

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '適正 (てきせい)' can mean 'appropriate' or 'fair', depending on the context. When used to mean 'appropriate', it refers to something being suitable or fitting for a particular situation or purpose. For example: The price is appropriate「価格は適正です」(かかくはてきせいです). When used to mean 'fair', it refers to something being just or equitable. For example: The decision was fair「その決定は適正だった」(そのけっていはてきせいだった). This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as in discussions about pricing, regulations, or decisions.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6037

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Square

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 四Four 角Corner, Angle

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '真四角 (ましかく)' means 'square'. It is used to describe something that has a perfectly square shape, with all sides equal and all angles at 90 degrees. This term is often used to describe objects, shapes, or even abstract concepts that resemble a square. For example: The table is square「そのテーブルは真四角だ」(そのテーブルはましかくだ). The room is square「この部屋は真四角です」(このへやはましかくです). The term emphasizes precision and exactness in shape, making it distinct from more general terms like '四角 (しかく)', which can refer to any rectangular shape.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6069

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Skillful

Reading

Kanji

巧Skill, Adept

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '巧み (たくみ)' means 'skillful'. It describes someone or something that is adept, clever, or masterful in performing a task or creating something. It often carries a nuance of artistry or finesse. For example: His skillful speech moved the audience「彼の巧みなスピーチは聴衆を感動させた」(かれのたくみなすぴーちはちょうしゅうをかんどうさせた). The artist's skillful brushwork is amazing「その画家の巧みな筆遣いは素晴らしい」(そのがかのたくみなふでづかいはすばらしい). This word is often used to describe craftsmanship, strategy, or performance.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6088

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pitiful

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 毒Poison

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '気の毒 (きのどく)' means 'pitiful' or 'feeling sorry for someone'. It is used to express sympathy or compassion for someone's unfortunate situation. This word often conveys a sense of regret or sadness about another person's hardship. For example: I feel sorry for him「彼が気の毒だ」(かれがきのどくだ). It's a pity that she lost her job「彼女が仕事を失ったのは気の毒だ」(かのじょがしごとをうしなったのはきのどくだ). Note that '気の毒' is often used in situations where the speaker empathizes with someone else's misfortune.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6133

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early

Reading

Kanji

早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '早め (はやめ)' means 'early' or 'ahead of time'. It is used to indicate that something is done earlier than the usual or expected time. This word is often used to suggest doing something in advance or preparing ahead. For example: Let's leave early「早めに出発しましょう」(はやめにしゅっぱつしましょう). I ate dinner early「早めに夕食を食べた」(はやめにゆうしょくをたべた). The nuance here is that the action is performed with a sense of being proactive or cautious, rather than waiting until the last moment.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6152

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Invalid

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 効Effective

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無効 (むこう)' means 'invalid' or 'null and void'. It is used to describe something that has no legal or binding force, or something that is not effective or recognized. This term is often used in legal, contractual, or technical contexts. For example: The contract is invalid「その契約は無効です」(そのけいやくはむこうです). The ticket is no longer valid「そのチケットは無効になりました」(そのチケットはむこうになりました). It can also be used in everyday situations to indicate that something is not functioning or recognized, such as a coupon or a password.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6172

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unnatural

Reading

Kanji

不Not 自Self 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不自然 (ふしぜん)' means 'unnatural'. It is used to describe something that does not seem natural, or that appears forced, artificial, or out of place. This word can be applied to a wide range of contexts, such as behavior, appearances, or phenomena. For example: His smile looked unnatural「彼の笑顔は不自然だった」(かれのえがおはふしぜんだった). The way the tree grew seemed unnatural「その木の生え方は不自然だった」(そのきのはえかたはふしぜんだった). Note that '不自然' can also imply a sense of discomfort or oddness, as in '不自然な静けさ (ふしぜんなしずけさ) (unnatural silence)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6174

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mysterious

Reading

Kanji

不Not 思Think 議Deliberation

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不思議 (ふしぎ)' means 'mysterious' or 'strange'. It is used to describe something that is difficult to understand or explain, often evoking a sense of wonder or curiosity. This word can be applied to phenomena, events, or even feelings. For example: The story was mysterious「その話は不思議だった」(そのはなしはふしぎだった). I find it strange that he didn't come「彼が来なかったのは不思議だ」(かれがこなかったのはふしぎだ). The word can also be used in a more positive sense to describe something fascinating or awe-inspiring, such as in '不思議な世界 (ふしぎなせかい) (a mysterious world)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6195

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vast

Reading

Kanji

広Wide 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '広大 (こうだい)' means 'vast' and is used to describe something of immense size or scale, such as landscapes, areas, or abstract concepts like influence. It conveys a sense of grandeur and expansiveness. For example: The desert is vast「砂漠は広大だ」(さばくはこうだいだ). His influence is vast「彼の影響力は広大だ」(かれのえいきょうりょくはこうだいだ). This word is often used in formal or descriptive contexts to emphasize the sheer size or scope of something.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6222

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complaint

Reading

Kanji

不Not 平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不平 (ふへい)' means 'complaint' or 'dissatisfaction'. It is used to express discontent or grievances about a situation, often implying that the speaker feels unfairly treated. This word can be used in various contexts, such as personal, social, or workplace situations. For example: he has a complaint about his salary「彼は給料について不平がある」(かれはきゅうりょうについてふへいがある). She always complains about everything「彼女はいつも何かについて不平を言っている」(かのじょはいつもなにかについてふへいをいっている). Note that '不平' often carries a slightly negative connotation, suggesting a persistent or unreasonable dissatisfaction.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6272

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smooth

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey 調Investigate, Tune

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '順調 (じゅんちょう)' means 'smooth' or 'favorable'. It is used to describe a situation, process, or condition that is progressing well without any problems. It often implies that things are going according to plan or as expected. For example: The project is going smoothly「プロジェクトは順調に進んでいます」(ぷろじぇくとはじゅんちょうにすすんでいます). Her recovery is going well「彼女の回復は順調です」(かのじょのかいふくはじゅんちょうです). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe positive progress.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6278

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equality

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '平等 (びょうどう)' means 'equality'. It refers to the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities. This term is often used in social, legal, and ethical contexts to describe fairness and impartiality. For example: All people should have equality「すべての人は平等であるべきだ」(すべてのひとはびょうどうであるべきだ). The law guarantees equality「法律は平等を保証する」(ほうりつはびょうどうをほしょうする). Note that '平等' can also be used to describe equal treatment or fairness in various situations, such as in education or employment.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6289

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equal

Reading

Kanji

対Against 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '対等 (たいとう)' means 'equal' or 'on equal terms'. It is used to describe a relationship or situation where two or more parties are of the same status, level, or importance. This term is often used in contexts involving relationships, negotiations, or comparisons. For example: We are equal partners「私たちは対等なパートナーです」(わたしたちはたいとうなパートナーです). They negotiated on equal terms「彼らは対等な条件で交渉した」(かれらはたいとうなじょうけんでこうしょうした). The concept of '対等' emphasizes fairness and balance, and it is commonly used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6291

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inequality

Reading

Kanji

不Not 平Flat 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不平等 (ふびょうどう)' means 'inequality'. It is used to describe a state of unfairness or lack of equality, often in social, economic, or legal contexts. For example: There is inequality in the distribution of wealth「富の分配に不平等がある」(とみのぶんぱいにとみのぶんぱいにふびょうどうがある). The law is unequal「その法律は不平等だ」(そのほうりつはふびょうどうだ). This term can also be used to describe unequal treatment or conditions in various situations, such as in relationships or opportunities.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6292

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Busy

Reading

Kanji

多Many 忙Busy

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '多忙 (たぼう)' means 'busy'. It is used to describe a state of being very occupied or having a lot of tasks to do. This term is often used in formal or written contexts to convey a high level of busyness. For example: He is busy with work「彼は仕事で多忙だ」(かれはしごとでたぼうだ). Due to the busy schedule, I couldn't attend the meeting「多忙なスケジュールのため、会議に出席できなかった」(たぼうなスケジュールのため、かいぎにしゅっせきできなかった). Note that '多忙' is more formal than the more commonly used '忙しい (いそがしい)', which also means 'busy' but is used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6310

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meaningless

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 意Idea 味Flavor

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無意味 (むいみ)' means 'meaningless'. It is used to describe something that lacks purpose, significance, or value. This word is often used in contexts where actions, words, or events are perceived as futile or without any meaningful outcome. For example: His efforts were meaningless「彼の努力は無意味だった」(かれのどりょくはむいみだった). This conversation is meaningless「この会話は無意味だ」(このかいわはむいみだ). The word can also be used to describe abstract concepts, such as life or existence, when they are perceived as lacking purpose. Note that '無意味' is often used in a negative or critical tone, so it should be used carefully depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6339

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carelessness

Reading

Kanji

不Not 注Pour 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不注意 (ふちゅうい)' means 'carelessness' or 'lack of attention'. It is used to describe a state of being inattentive or negligent, often leading to mistakes or accidents. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone fails to pay proper attention to details or safety. For example: His carelessness caused the accident「彼の不注意が事故を引き起こした」(かれのふちゅういがじこをひきおこした). She was scolded for her carelessness「彼女は不注意を叱られた」(かのじょはふちゅういをしかられた). The word can also be used to describe a general trait, as in '彼は不注意な人だ (かれはふちゅういなひとだ) (He is a careless person).'

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6340

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheeky

Reading

Kanji

生Life 意Idea 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '生意気 (なまいき)' means 'cheeky' or 'impertinent'. It is used to describe someone, often a younger person, who behaves in a way that is overly confident, arrogant, or disrespectful, especially when they lack the experience or status to justify such behavior. For example: That kid is so cheeky「あの子はとても生意気だ」(あのこはとてもなまいきだ). Don't be cheeky to your elders「年上に生意気なことを言うな」(としうえになまいきなことをいうな). The term carries a slightly negative connotation and is often used to scold or criticize someone for their attitude.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6341

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uncertain

Reading

Kanji

不Not 確Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不確か (ふたしか)' means 'uncertain'. It is used to describe something that is not definite, reliable, or clear. This word often conveys a sense of doubt or ambiguity. For example: The future is uncertain「未来は不確かだ」(みらいはふたしかだ). His story seems uncertain「彼の話は不確かだ」(かれのはなしはふたしかだ). It can also be used to describe vague or unclear information, as in 'The details are uncertain「詳細は不確かだ」(しょうさいはふたしかだ)'. Note that '不確か' is often followed by the copula 'だ' or 'です' to form a complete sentence.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6343

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clumsy

Reading

Kanji

不Not 器Vessel 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不器用 (ぶきよう)' means 'clumsy'. It describes someone who lacks skill or dexterity, often in physical tasks or social interactions. This term can also imply a lack of finesse or awkwardness in handling situations. For example: He is clumsy with his hands「彼は手先が不器用だ」(かれはてさきがぶきようだ). She is clumsy at expressing her feelings「彼女は感情を表現するのが不器用だ」(かのじょはかんじょうをひょうげんするのがぶきようだ). The word can carry a slightly endearing or sympathetic tone, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unfair

Reading

Kanji

不Not 公Public 平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不公平 (ふこうへい)' means 'unfair'. It describes situations, actions, or systems that lack fairness or equality. This term is often used in discussions about justice, treatment, or distribution of resources. For example: The decision was unfair「その決定は不公平だった」(そのけっていはふこうへいだった). The rules are unfair to beginners「そのルールは初心者には不公平だ」(そのルールはしょしんしゃにはふこうへいだ). It can also be used in broader contexts, such as societal issues or personal relationships, to highlight inequity or bias.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6360

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Optimal

Reading

Kanji

最Most 適Suitable

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '最適 (さいてき)' means 'optimal'. It is used to describe something that is the most suitable or best possible under given conditions. This term is often used in contexts where efficiency, effectiveness, or suitability is being evaluated. For example: This is the optimal solution「これが最適な解決策です」(これがさいてきなかいけつさくです). The optimal temperature for this experiment is 25 degrees「この実験に最適な温度は25度です」(このじっけんにさいてきなおんどは25どです). It can also be used to describe the best fit or match for a particular purpose, such as in '最適な人材 (さいてきなじんざい) (optimal personnel)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6362

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Illegal

Reading

Kanji

不Not 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不法 (ふほう)' means 'illegal'. It is used to describe actions, activities, or behaviors that are against the law or not permitted by legal standards. This term is often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: illegal parking「不法駐車」(ふほうちゅうしゃ). Illegal immigration「不法入国」(ふほうにゅうこく). It can also be used to describe something that is morally or ethically wrong, though its primary usage is in legal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6363

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Incomplete

Reading

Kanji

不Not 完Complete 全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不完全 (ふかんぜん)' means 'incomplete'. It is used to describe something that is not fully developed, finished, or perfect. This term can be applied to objects, ideas, systems, or processes. For example: The plan is incomplete「その計画は不完全だ」(そのけいかくはふかんぜんだ). His understanding of the topic is incomplete「彼のその話題の理解は不完全だ」(かれのそのわだいのりかいはふかんぜんだ). The word can also imply a sense of imperfection or deficiency, often used in contexts where something is lacking or not fully realized.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6379

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strict

Reading

Kanji

厳Severe, Strict 密Secret, Dense

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '厳密 (げんみつ)' means 'strict' or 'precise'. It is used to describe something that is exact, meticulous, or rigorously accurate. This term is often used in contexts where attention to detail and adherence to rules or standards are emphasized. For example: The professor is strict about the rules「教授は規則に厳密です」(きょうじゅはきそくにげんみつです). We need a precise analysis「厳密な分析が必要です」(げんみつなぶんせきがひつようです). The word can also imply a sense of severity or rigor in application, such as in legal or scientific contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6396

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wrongdoing

Reading

Kanji

不Not 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不正 (ふせい)' refers to 'wrongdoing' or 'unjust' behavior. It is often used to describe actions that are dishonest, illegal, or unethical. This term is commonly used in contexts such as fraud, corruption, or any form of misconduct. For example: He was involved in wrongdoing「彼は不正に関わっていた」(かれはふせいにかかわっていた). The company was accused of unjust practices「その会社は不正行為で告発された」(そのかいしゃはふせいこういでこくはつされた). The word can also be used to describe something that is incorrect or improper, such as '不正な方法 (ふせいなほうほう)' (improper method).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6406

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unreasonable

Reading

Kanji

非Mistake, Negative 常Usual, Normal 識Knowledge, Discernment

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '非常識 (ひじょうしき)' means 'unreasonable' or 'lacking common sense'. It is used to describe actions, behaviors, or ideas that are considered illogical, inappropriate, or contrary to societal norms. This term often carries a negative connotation and is used to criticize someone's behavior or judgment. For example: His behavior is unreasonable「彼の行動は非常識だ」(かれのこうどうはひじょうしきだ). It's very unreasonable to be late without notice「連絡なしに遅れるのは非常識だ」(れんらくなしにおくれるのはひじょうしきだ). The word can also be used in a more general sense to describe situations or systems that defy logic or common sense.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monotonous

Reading

Kanji

単Simple, Single 調Investigate, Tune

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '単調 (たんちょう)' means 'monotonous'. It is used to describe something that lacks variety, is repetitive, or is unchanging in tone, pattern, or style. This word is often used to describe routines, sounds, or tasks that become boring due to their repetitive nature. For example: The lecture was monotonous「その講義は単調だった」(そのこうぎはたんちょうだった). The sound of the machine is monotonous「その機械の音は単調だ」(そのきかいのおとはたんちょうだ). It can also describe a flat or unvarying tone in speech or music.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daring, Bold

Reading

Kanji

大Big 胆Gallbladder, Guts

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '大胆 (だいたん)' primarily means 'bold' or 'daring'. It is used to describe actions, plans, or personalities that are fearless, adventurous, or unconventional. This term often carries a positive connotation, suggesting courage and a willingness to take risks. For example: His bold plan succeeded「彼の大胆な計画は成功した」(かれのだいたんなけいかくはせいこうした). She is known for her daring fashion sense「彼女は大胆なファッションセンスで知られている」(かのじょはだいたんなファッションセンスでしられている). Note that '大胆' can also imply a certain level of audacity or recklessness, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6466

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Indifferent

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 関Barrier, Related 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無関心 (むかんしん)' means 'indifferent'. It describes a lack of interest, concern, or care about something. This term is often used to express apathy or disinterest in a particular subject, situation, or person. For example: he is indifferent to politics「彼は政治に無関心だ」(かれはせいじにむかんしんだ). She showed no interest in the matter「彼女はその問題に無関心だった」(かのじょはそのもんだいにむかんしんだった). The word can also imply a deliberate choice to ignore or not engage with something. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unrelated

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 関Barrier, Related 係Person in charge, Connection

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無関係 (むかんけい)' means 'unrelated'. It is used to describe something that has no connection or relevance to a particular matter or situation. This term is often used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate that a subject is not involved or pertinent. For example: That topic is unrelated to our discussion「その話題は私たちの議論と無関係です」(そのわだいはわたしたちのぎろんとむかんけいです). He is completely unrelated to the incident「彼はその事件と全く無関係です」(かれはそのじけんとまったくむかんけいです). The term can also be used to describe people, events, or objects that are not connected in any way.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Irresponsible

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 責Blame, Liability 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無責任 (むせきにん)' means 'irresponsible'. It is used to describe someone or something that lacks a sense of responsibility or fails to take accountability for their actions. This term can be applied to people, actions, or even systems. For example: His behavior was irresponsible「彼の行動は無責任だった」(かれのこうどうはむせきにんだった). The company's response was irresponsible「会社の対応は無責任だった」(かいしゃのたいおうはむせきにんだった). It is often used in contexts where someone neglects their duties or fails to consider the consequences of their actions.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6529

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange

Reading

Kanji

異Rare, Different 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '異様 (いよう)' means 'strange' or 'unusual'. It is used to describe something that is out of the ordinary, peculiar, or abnormal. This word often carries a nuance of something being unsettling or eerie. For example: The atmosphere was strange「その雰囲気は異様だった」(そのふんいきはいようだった). His behavior was unusual「彼の行動は異様だった」(かれのこうどうはいようだった). '異様' is typically used in situations where something deviates significantly from what is considered normal or expected, and it can be applied to a wide range of contexts, including environments, behaviors, or appearances.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6531

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sexual

Reading

Kanji

性Gender, Sex 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '性的 (せいてき)' refers to something related to sex or sexuality. It is often used in formal or academic contexts to describe matters pertaining to sexual behavior, characteristics, or orientation. For example: sexual harassment「性的嫌がらせ」(せいてきいやがらせ). sexual identity「性的アイデンティティ」(せいてきあいでんてぃてぃ). This term is neutral in tone and can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6540

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmful

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有害 (ゆうがい)' means 'harmful'. It is used to describe something that has a detrimental or damaging effect. This term is often used in contexts related to health, environment, or substances. For example: Smoking is harmful to health「喫煙は健康に有害です」(きつえんはけんこうにゆうがいです). This chemical is harmful to the environment「この化学物質は環境に有害です」(このかがくぶっしつはかんきょうにゆうがいです). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe anything that is detrimental, such as harmful information「有害な情報」(ゆうがいなじょうほう).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6598

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmless

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無害 (むがい)' means 'harmless'. It is used to describe something that does not cause harm or damage. This term can be applied to substances, actions, or even people. For example: This chemical is harmless「この化学物質は無害です」(このかがくぶっしつはむがいです). The joke was harmless「その冗談は無害だった」(そのじょうだんはむがいだった). It is often used in contexts where safety or lack of negative impact is emphasized, such as in environmental discussions or product descriptions.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6607

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Superficial, Sudden

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'にわか (niwaka)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'sudden', referring to something that happens quickly and unexpectedly. For example: a sudden rain「にわかの雨」(にわかのあめ). The second meaning is 'superficial', often used to describe someone who lacks depth or seriousness in their knowledge or behavior. For example: a superficial fan「にわかファン」(にわかふぁん). The word can carry a slightly negative connotation when used to describe people, implying a lack of commitment or depth.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

6639

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suitable, Random

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '適当 (てきとう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'suitable' or 'appropriate', referring to something that fits a particular purpose or situation. For example: This tool is suitable for the job「この道具は仕事に適当です」(このどうぐはしごとにてきとうです). The second meaning is 'random' or 'careless', often implying a lack of thought or effort. For example: He gave a random answer「彼は適当に答えた」(かれはてきとうにこたえた). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended, as the word can be ambiguous without additional information.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6716

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moderate

Reading

Kanji

適Suitable 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '適度 (てきど)' means 'moderate'. It is used to describe something that is neither too much nor too little, but just the right amount. This term is often used in contexts related to health, exercise, diet, and work-life balance. For example: moderate exercise is good for health「適度な運動は健康に良い」(てきどなうんどうはけんこうにいい). It's important to maintain a moderate pace「適度なペースを保つことが大切です」(てきどなぺーすをたもつことがたいせつです). The word can also be used to describe the intensity or degree of something, such as '適度な緊張 (てきどなきんちょう)' which means 'moderate tension'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6717

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recession

Reading

Kanji

不Not 景Scene 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不景気 (ふけいき)' refers to an economic recession or a state of economic downturn. It is commonly used to describe periods when the economy is performing poorly, with decreased business activity, high unemployment, and low consumer spending. For example: The country is in a recession「その国は不景気です」(そのくにはふけいきです). Many companies are struggling due to the recession「多くの会社が不景気で苦しんでいる」(おおくのかいしゃがふけいきでくるしんでいる). This term is often used in news reports, economic discussions, and everyday conversations about financial difficulties.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6727

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soaked

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'びしょびしょ (bishobisho)' describes something that is completely soaked or drenched, often with water. It is commonly used to describe clothes, hair, or other objects that have absorbed a lot of liquid. For example: My clothes are soaked from the rain「服がびしょびしょだ」(ふくがびしょびしょだ). The towel is drenched「タオルがびしょびしょだ」(タオルがびしょびしょだ). This word conveys a strong sense of wetness and is often used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

6787

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calm

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold 静Quiet

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '冷静 (れいせい)' means 'calm' or 'composed'. It is used to describe a state of being emotionally stable, rational, and unflustered, especially in stressful or difficult situations. This word is often used to describe a person's demeanor or attitude. For example: He remained calm during the crisis「彼は危機の中で冷静だった」(かれはききのなかでれいせいだった). It's important to stay calm in emergencies「緊急時には冷静でいることが大切だ」(きんきゅうじにはれいせいでいることがたいせつだ). The word can also be used to describe actions or decisions made with a clear and rational mind, such as '冷静な判断 (れいせいなはんだん)' (calm judgment).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6872

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Modern

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'モダン (modan)' means 'modern'. It is used to describe something that is contemporary, up-to-date, or in line with current trends. This term is often used in contexts related to design, architecture, fashion, and technology. For example: This building has a modern design「このビルはモダンなデザインです」(このビルはモダンなデザインです). She likes modern art「彼女はモダンアートが好きです」(かのじょはモダンアートがすきです). The word 'モダン' is borrowed from English and is commonly used in Japanese to convey a sense of modernity or sophistication.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

6877

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remarkable

Reading

Kanji

顕Appear, Manifest 著Renowned, Author

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '顕著 (けんちょ)' means 'remarkable' or 'notable'. It is used to describe something that is clearly visible, noticeable, or stands out due to its significance or impact. This word is often used in formal or academic contexts to highlight something that is particularly striking or evident. For example: The progress in technology is remarkable「技術の進歩は顕著だ」(ぎじゅつのしんぽはけんちょだ). The difference between the two groups was notable「二つのグループの違いは顕著だった」(ふたつのグループのちがいはけんちょだった). Note that '顕著' is typically used in written or formal speech rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6917

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accurate

Reading

Kanji

的Target 確Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '的確 (てきかく)' means 'accurate' or 'precise'. It is used to describe something that is correct, appropriate, or exactly right in a given context. This word is often used to describe judgments, decisions, or actions that are well-suited to the situation. For example: His analysis was accurate「彼の分析は的確だった」(かれのぶんせきはてきかくだった). She gave a precise answer「彼女は的確な答えを出した」(かのじょはてきかくなこたえをだした). The word can also be used to describe someone's ability to make accurate assessments or decisions, as in '彼は的確な判断をする (かれはてきかくなはんだんをする) (He makes accurate judgments).'

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6918

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Separate

Reading

Kanji

別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '別々 (べつべつ)' means 'separate'. It is used to describe things that are distinct, individual, or not together. This word often implies that things are divided or handled independently. For example: we went to the party separately「私たちは別々にパーティーに行った」(わたしたちはべつべつにパーティーにいった). They live in separate houses「彼らは別々の家に住んでいる」(かれらはべつべつのいえにすんでいる). Note that '別々' can also imply a sense of division or difference, such as in '別々の意見 (べつべつのいけん) (separate opinions)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6919

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extra

Reading

Kanji

余Excess 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '余分 (よぶん)' means 'extra' or 'surplus'. It is used to describe something that is in addition to what is necessary or expected. This word can be used in various contexts, such as referring to extra time, extra money, or extra ingredients. For example: I have extra time「余分な時間がある」(よぶんなじかんがある). Please take the extra money「余分なお金を持って行ってください」(よぶんなおかねをもっていってください). It's important to note that '余分' often carries a neutral or slightly negative connotation, implying that the extra amount might be unnecessary or excessive.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6960

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chaotic, Absurd

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 茶Tea 苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '目茶苦茶 (めちゃくちゃ)' is used to describe something that is extremely chaotic, disordered, or absurd. It can refer to physical states, situations, or even abstract concepts. For example: The room was in complete chaos「部屋は目茶苦茶だった」(へやはめちゃくちゃだった). His explanation was completely absurd「彼の説明は目茶苦茶だった」(かれのせつめいはめちゃくちゃだった). This word is often used in casual conversation and carries a strong emphasis on the extreme nature of the disorder or absurdity.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6981

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unhappy

Reading

Kanji

不Not 幸Happiness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不幸せ (ふしあわせ)' means 'unhappy'. It describes a state of not being happy or content, often due to unfavorable circumstances or emotional distress. This word is commonly used to express a lack of happiness in a general sense, whether it pertains to life, relationships, or specific situations. For example: She looks unhappy「彼女は不幸せそうだ」(かのじょはふしあわせそうだ). His life seems unhappy「彼の人生は不幸せだ」(かれのじんせいはふしあわせだ). Note that '不幸せ' is often used in contexts where the lack of happiness is noticeable or significant, and it carries a slightly more emotional weight compared to its antonym '幸せ (しあわせ)' (happy).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6996

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smooth

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'スムーズ (すむーず)' means 'smooth'. It is used to describe something that proceeds without difficulty, interruptions, or problems. This term is often used in contexts related to processes, movements, or transitions. For example: The meeting went smoothly「会議はスムーズに進んだ」(かいぎはすむーずにすすんだ). The transition was smooth「移行はスムーズだった」(いこうはすむーずだった). It can also describe physical smoothness, such as in 'smooth skin'「スムーズな肌」(すむーずなはだ). Note that 'スムーズ' is a loanword from English, and its usage is common in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

7002

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Promising

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有望 (ゆうぼう)' means 'promising'. It is used to describe something or someone that has a high potential for success or a bright future. This term is often used in contexts related to career prospects, business opportunities, or talent. For example: He is a promising young actor「彼は有望な若手俳優です」(かれはゆうぼうなわかてはいゆうです). This project seems promising「このプロジェクトは有望です」(このプロジェクトはゆうぼうです). The word can also be used to describe a promising future, as in '有望な未来 (ゆうぼうなみらい) (promising future)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7069

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strong, Durable

Reading

Kanji

丈Stout, Length 夫Man, Husband

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '丈夫 (じょうぶ)' primarily means 'strong' or 'durable'. It is used to describe objects, materials, or even people that are sturdy, robust, or resistant to damage. For example: This bag is durable「このカバンは丈夫です」(このかばんはじょうぶです). He is strong and healthy「彼は丈夫です」(かれはじょうぶです). The word can also imply reliability or resilience, such as in the phrase '丈夫な建物 (じょうぶなたてもの)' (a sturdy building). Note that while 'strong' and 'durable' are closely related, they are distinct enough to warrant separate meanings in this context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7091

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close

Reading

Kanji

密Secret, Dense 接Contact, Touch

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '密接 (みっせつ)' means 'close' in the sense of being closely connected or related. It is often used to describe relationships, connections, or ties between things, people, or concepts. For example: The two events are closely related「その二つの出来事は密接に関連している」(そのふたつのできごとはみっせつにかんれんしている). There is a close connection between health and diet「健康と食事は密接な関係がある」(けんこうとしょくじはみっせつなかんけいがある). This word emphasizes a strong, inseparable bond or link between entities.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7092

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quick

Reading

Kanji

迅Swift 速Quick

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '迅速 (じんそく)' means 'quick' or 'swift'. It is used to describe actions, processes, or responses that are done with speed and efficiency. This term often carries a positive connotation, implying not just speed but also effectiveness. For example: The response was quick「迅速な対応だった」(じんそくなたいおうだった). The delivery was swift「迅速な配達でした」(じんそくはいたつでした). It is commonly used in formal or professional contexts to praise efficiency.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7144

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Poor

Reading

Kanji

不Not 得Acquire 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不得意 (ふとくい)' means 'poor' or 'not good at'. It is used to describe a lack of skill or proficiency in a particular area. This term is often used in contexts where someone is expressing their weaknesses or areas where they struggle. For example: I am poor at math「私は数学が不得意です」(わたしはすうがくがふとくいです). He is not good at cooking「彼は料理が不得意だ」(かれはりょうりがふとくいだ). The term can be used in both formal and informal settings, and it is commonly paired with specific activities or subjects to indicate where one's lack of skill lies.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7168

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advantage, Gain

Reading

Kanji

得Acquire

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '得 (とく)' primarily means 'gain' or 'advantage'. It is used to describe something that is beneficial or profitable. This word often appears in contexts related to benefits, profits, or advantageous situations. For example: This plan has many advantages「この計画は得が多い」(このけいかくはとくがおおい). It is not profitable to do that「それは得にならない」(それはとくにならない). Note that '得' can also be used in compound words like '得する (とくする)' meaning 'to profit' or 'to benefit'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7170

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Poisonous

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 毒Poison

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有毒 (ゆうどく)' means 'poisonous' or 'toxic'. It is used to describe substances, plants, animals, or other entities that contain or produce poison. This term is often used in scientific, medical, or environmental contexts. For example: that mushroom is poisonous「そのキノコは有毒です」(そのきのこはゆうどくです). The chemical is toxic to humans「その化学物質は人間にとって有毒です」(そのかがくぶっしつはにんげんにとってゆうどくです). Note that '有毒' is often used in formal or technical contexts, and it can also imply danger or harm beyond just physical toxicity.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7200

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unclean, Filthy

Reading

Kanji

不Not 潔Immaculate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不潔 (ふけつ)' primarily means 'unclean' or 'filthy'. It is used to describe something that is physically dirty, contaminated, or morally impure. This word can be applied to objects, environments, or even behaviors. For example: This place is unclean「この場所は不潔だ」(このばしょはふけつだ). His behavior is filthy「彼の行動は不潔だ」(かれのこうどうはふけつだ). The word can also carry a connotation of disgust or disapproval, making it stronger than simply saying 'dirty'. It is often used in contexts where hygiene or moral cleanliness is being emphasized.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7202

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trouble, Bother

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface 倒Topple, Overthrow

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '面倒 (めんどう)' primarily means 'trouble' or 'bother'. It is used to describe situations, tasks, or interactions that are troublesome, inconvenient, or require effort. It can also imply a sense of annoyance or reluctance. For example: It's too much trouble to explain「説明するのは面倒だ」(せつめいするのはめんどうだ). I don't want to deal with this bothersome task「この面倒な仕事をやりたくない」(このめんどうなしごとをやりたくない). Additionally, '面倒を見る (めんどうをみる)' is a common phrase meaning 'to take care of someone' or 'to look after someone', which adds a nuance of responsibility or care to the word.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7237

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Diagonal

Reading

Kanji

斜Slanting, Diagonal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '斜め (ななめ)' means 'diagonal' or 'oblique'. It is used to describe something that is not straight or aligned horizontally/vertically, but rather at an angle. This word can be used to describe physical objects, directions, or even abstract concepts like relationships or perspectives. For example: the picture is hanging diagonally「その絵は斜めにかかっている」(そのえはななめにかかっている). They have a strained relationship「彼らの関係は斜めだ」(かれらのかんけいはななめだ). The word can also imply something being unconventional or not straightforward, as in '斜めな考え (ななめなかんがえ) (unconventional thinking)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7238

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Greedy

Reading

Kanji

欲Desire, Longing 張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '欲張り (よくばり)' refers to someone who is greedy or has an excessive desire for more than what is needed or deserved. It can describe a person who wants too much, whether it be material possessions, attention, or other desires. For example: He is greedy「彼は欲張りだ」(かれはよくばりだ). Don't be greedy「欲張りにならないで」(よくばりにならないで). The term often carries a negative connotation, implying selfishness or lack of contentment. It can also be used to describe actions or behaviors that reflect greed, such as taking more than one's fair share.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7241

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perfectly round

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 丸Round

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '真ん丸 (まんまる)' means 'perfectly round.' It is used to describe something that is completely circular or round in shape, often with a positive connotation of cuteness or perfection. This word is commonly used to describe objects like balls, faces, or other round items. Example: The moon is perfectly round tonight 「今夜の月は真ん丸だ」 (こんやのつきはまんまるだ). The baby's face is perfectly round 「赤ちゃんの顔は真ん丸だ」 (あかちゃんのかおはまんまるだ). Note that '真ん丸' is a colloquial term and is often used in conversational contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7251

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Displeased

Reading

Kanji

不Not 機Machine, Opportunity 嫌Dislike

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不機嫌 (ふきげん)' means 'displeased' or 'in a bad mood'. It is used to describe someone who is visibly unhappy, irritated, or sulking. This word often conveys a sense of emotional discomfort or dissatisfaction. For example: He seems displeased「彼は不機嫌そうだ」(かれはふきげんそうだ). She was in a bad mood all day「彼女は一日中不機嫌だった」(かのじょはいちにちじゅうふきげんだった). The term can also be used to describe a situation or atmosphere that feels tense or unpleasant due to someone's mood.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7263

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carefree

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'のんき (nonki)' means 'carefree'. It describes a state of being relaxed, easygoing, or free from worry. This word is often used to describe a person's personality or attitude, but it can also describe situations or lifestyles. For example: He is a carefree person「彼はのんきな人だ」(かれはのんきなひとだ). Living a carefree life is nice「のんきに暮らすのはいいね」(のんきにくらすのはいいね). Note that 'のんき' can sometimes carry a slightly negative nuance, implying a lack of seriousness or responsibility, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

7278

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Insensitive

Reading

Kanji

鈍Blunt, Dull 感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '鈍感 (どんかん)' means 'insensitive'. It describes a person who is not easily affected by or aware of subtle changes, emotions, or situations. It can be used to describe someone who is emotionally or physically unresponsive. For example: he is insensitive to criticism「彼は批判に鈍感だ」(かれはひはんにどんかんだ). She is insensitive to cold「彼女は寒さに鈍感だ」(かのじょはさむさにどんかんだ). This word can also imply a lack of awareness or consideration for others' feelings, but it is not inherently negative and can sometimes be used humorously or neutrally.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7281

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Indifferent

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold 淡Thin, Light

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '冷淡 (れいたん)' means 'indifferent' or 'cold-hearted'. It describes a lack of interest, concern, or emotional warmth toward someone or something. This word is often used to describe a person's attitude or behavior, particularly in situations where empathy or care is expected. For example: His attitude was indifferent「彼の態度は冷淡だった」(かれのたいどはれいたんだった). She gave me a cold-hearted response「彼女は冷淡な返事をした」(かのじょはれいたんなへんじをした). The word can also describe a situation or atmosphere that feels emotionally distant or unfeeling.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7286

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accurate, Faithful

Reading

Kanji

忠Loyalty 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '忠実 (ちゅうじつ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'faithful', which refers to being loyal, devoted, or true to someone or something. For example: He is faithful to his duties「彼は職務に忠実だ」(かれはしょくむにちゅうじつだ). The second meaning is 'accurate', which refers to being precise or true to the original. For example: This translation is accurate「この翻訳は忠実だ」(このほんやくはちゅうじつだ). The word is often used in contexts involving loyalty, precision, or adherence to principles or details.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7294

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Irony, Sarcasm

Reading

Kanji

皮Skin 肉Meat

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '皮肉 (ひにく)' can mean both 'sarcasm' and 'irony'. It is used to describe situations, remarks, or expressions that convey a meaning opposite to what is literally stated, often with a mocking or critical tone. For example: His sarcastic remark hurt her feelings「彼の皮肉な発言は彼女の気持ちを傷つけた」(かれのひにくなはつげんはかのじょのきもちをきずつけた). It's ironic that the firefighter's house burned down「消防士の家が燃えたのは皮肉だ」(しょうぼうしのいえがもえたのはひにくだ). The word can also be used to describe situations where the outcome is contrary to what was expected, highlighting a twist of fate or unexpected result.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7305

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ordinary

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 凡Common

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '平凡 (へいぼん)' means 'ordinary' or 'commonplace'. It is used to describe something that is not special, unique, or extraordinary, but rather typical or average. This word often carries a neutral or slightly negative connotation, implying a lack of distinction or excitement. For example: His life is ordinary「彼の人生は平凡だ」(かれのじんせいはへいぼんだ). This story is too commonplace「この物語は平凡すぎる」(このものがたりはへいぼんすぎる). Note that '平凡' is often used to describe situations, lifestyles, or characteristics that are unremarkable.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7343

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sensitive

Reading

Kanji

敏Agile, Alert 感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '敏感 (びんかん)' means 'sensitive'. It is used to describe someone or something that is highly responsive to stimuli, emotions, or changes. This word can be applied to physical sensitivity (e.g., skin, senses) or emotional sensitivity (e.g., reacting strongly to criticism or subtle changes). For example: She is sensitive to cold「彼女は寒さに敏感です」(かのじょはさむさにびんかんです). The device is sensitive to slight movements「その装置はわずかな動きに敏感です」(そのそうちはわずかなうごきにびんかんです). Note that '敏感' can also imply being perceptive or alert, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7367

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unpleasant

Reading

Kanji

不Not 愉Pleased, Pleasure 快Pleasant

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不愉快 (ふゆかい)' means 'unpleasant'. It is used to describe situations, feelings, or experiences that cause discomfort, displeasure, or annoyance. This word often conveys a sense of emotional or psychological discomfort rather than physical discomfort. For example: I felt very unpleasant「とても不愉快に感じた」(とてもふゆかいにかんじた). His attitude was unpleasant「彼の態度は不愉快だった」(かれのたいどはふゆかいだった). It can also be used to describe something that is disagreeable or offensive, such as an unpleasant smell「不愉快な匂い」(ふゆかいなにおい).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7379

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pleasant

Reading

Kanji

愉Pleased, Pleasure 快Pleasant

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '愉快 (ゆかい)' means 'pleasant' or 'delightful'. It is used to describe something that brings joy, amusement, or a sense of enjoyment. This word often conveys a lighthearted or cheerful feeling and is commonly used in contexts involving entertainment, social interactions, or experiences. For example: The party was very pleasant「パーティーはとても愉快だった」(ぱーてぃーはとてもゆかいだった). His jokes are always pleasant「彼のジョークはいつも愉快だ」(かれのじょーくはいつもゆかいだ). Note that '愉快' can also imply a sense of amusement or fun, but its core meaning remains tied to something that is enjoyable or pleasing.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7380

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Waste

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 駄Poor quality, Burdensome

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無駄 (むだ)' primarily means 'waste' or 'uselessness'. It is used to describe something that is futile, unnecessary, or without purpose. This word can refer to wasted time, effort, resources, or actions. For example: Don't waste your time「時間を無駄にしないで」(じかんをむだにしないで). This is a waste of money「これはお金の無駄だ」(これはおかねのむだだ). '無駄' can also imply inefficiency or something that does not contribute to a desired outcome. It is often used in contexts where there is a sense of regret or criticism about the lack of productivity or value in an action or object.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7397

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Brave

Reading

Kanji

勇Brave 敢Daring

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '勇敢 (ゆうかん)' means 'brave'. It is used to describe someone who shows courage and fearlessness in the face of danger or difficulty. This word is often used to praise someone's actions or character. For example: He is a brave soldier「彼は勇敢な兵士です」(かれはゆうかんなへいしです). She faced the challenge bravely「彼女は勇敢にその挑戦に立ち向かった」(かのじょはゆうかんにそのちょうせんにたちむかった). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as describing a brave decision「勇敢な決断」(ゆうかんなけつだん).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7408

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Innocent

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 邪Wicked 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無邪気 (むじゃき)' means 'innocent' and is used to describe someone who is pure, naive, or free from malice. It often conveys a sense of childlike simplicity or lack of guile. For example: She has an innocent smile「彼女は無邪気な笑顔をしている」(かのじょはむじゃきなえがおをしている). Children are naturally innocent「子供は無邪気だ」(こどもはむじゃきだ). This word is commonly used to describe behavior, expressions, or attitudes that are free from deceit or ulterior motives.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7421

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Selfish

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'わがまま (わがまま)' means 'selfish' or 'self-centered'. It describes someone who acts according to their own desires without considering others. This term is often used to describe behavior that is inconsiderate or demanding. For example: She is being selfish「彼女はわがままです」(かのじょはわがままです). Don't be so selfish「そんなにわがままを言わないで」(そんなにわがままをいわないで). The word can also be used to describe a child who is spoiled or demanding, as in 'わがままな子供 (わがままなこども) (spoiled child)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

7426

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clear

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 瞭Clear

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '明瞭 (めいりょう)' means 'clear' and is used to describe something that is easy to understand, distinct, or unambiguous. It is often used in contexts where clarity of speech, thought, or expression is emphasized. For example: His explanation was clear「彼の説明は明瞭だった」(かれのせつめいはめいりょうだった). The image on the screen is clear「画面の映像は明瞭だ」(がめんのえいぞうはめいりょうだ). This word is commonly used in formal or technical contexts to describe precision and clarity.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting