Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

School

Reading

Kanji

校School

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '校 (こう)' means 'school' and is commonly attached to the names or types of educational institutions. It is used to specify the type of school or to refer to a particular school. For example: elementary school「小学校」(しょうがっこう), high school「高校」(こうこう), or Tokyo University「東京大学校」(とうきょうだいがくこう). This suffix is neutral in tone and is widely used in formal and informal contexts. Note that '校' can also appear in compound words related to schools, such as '校舎 (こうしゃ)' (school building) or '校長 (こうちょう)' (school principal).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Asset

Reading

Kanji

財Wealth

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '財 (ざい)' means 'asset' or 'wealth'. It is commonly used in compound words to refer to financial or material resources. For example: national wealth「国財」(こくざい). This suffix is often found in formal or economic contexts. Another example: financial assets「金融財」(きんゆうざい). It is important to note that '財' is rarely used alone and is typically part of a larger word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3433

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warship

Reading

Kanji

艦Warship

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '艦 (かん)' refers to 'warship' or 'naval vessel'. It is commonly used in compound words to denote specific types of military ships. For example: battleship「戦艦」(せんかん), aircraft carrier「空母艦」(くうぼかん), and cruiser「巡洋艦」(じゅんようかん). This suffix is often seen in historical or military contexts and is not typically used in everyday conversation. Example sentences: The battleship is large「戦艦は大きい」(せんかんはおおきい). The aircraft carrier is powerful「空母艦は強い」(くうぼかんはつよい).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3653

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acid

Reading

Kanji

酸Bitter, Acid

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '酸 (さん)' means 'acid'. It is used in chemistry to denote substances that have acidic properties. This suffix is commonly attached to the names of specific acids, such as hydrochloric acid (塩酸, えんさん) or sulfuric acid (硫酸, りゅうさん). For example: This solution contains hydrochloric acid「この溶液には塩酸が含まれている」(このようえきにはえんさんがふくまれている). Sulfuric acid is highly corrosive「硫酸は非常に腐食性が高い」(りゅうさんはひじょうにふしょくせいがたかい). The suffix '酸' is essential in scientific and chemical contexts to identify and describe acidic compounds.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3665

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Child

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'っこ (kko)' is often used to refer to a child or someone younger in a casual or affectionate manner. It can also denote a sense of endearment or familiarity. This suffix is commonly attached to names or nouns to create a diminutive or affectionate form. For example: Taro's child「太郎っこ」(たろうっこ). A little girl「女の子っこ」(おんなのこっこ). It's important to note that this suffix is informal and typically used in spoken language or casual settings.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

3694

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Origin

Reading

Kanji

源Origin, Source

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '源 (げん)' means 'origin' or 'source'. It is often used in names, both personal and geographical, to denote the beginning or source of something. For example, it can be found in the name of the famous Japanese historical figure Minamoto no Yoshitsune (源義経, みなもとのよしつね), where '源' signifies the Minamoto clan, one of the most prominent clans in Japanese history. Another example is the word '水源 (すいげん)', which means 'water source'. This suffix is also used in compound words to indicate the origin or source of something, such as '情報源 (じょうほうげん)', meaning 'information source'. Example sentences: The origin of the river is in the mountains「川の源は山にある」(かわのみなもとはやまにある). This book is a good source of information「この本は良い情報源だ」(このほんはよいじょうほうげんだ).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3700

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Targeted

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '向け (むけ)' is used to indicate that something is targeted or intended for a specific group, audience, or purpose. It is often attached to nouns to specify the intended recipient or focus of an item, service, or content. For example: a book for children「子供向けの本」(こどもむけのほん). This product is aimed at beginners「この製品は初心者向けです」(このせいひんはしょしんしゃむけです). The suffix can also imply suitability or appropriateness for the target group. It is commonly used in marketing, product descriptions, and media to clarify the intended audience.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3944

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aspiration

Reading

Kanji

志Intention

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '志 (し)' is used to denote aspiration, ambition, or intention. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe a person's goals or desires. For example: a person with a strong aspiration to become a doctor「医者志の学生」(いしゃしのがくせい). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to career goals, personal ambitions, or specific intentions. It can also be seen in words like '学者志 (がくしゃし)', meaning 'aspiring scholar', or '作家志 (さっかし)', meaning 'aspiring writer'. Note that '志' can also be used as a standalone noun meaning 'will' or 'intention', but as a suffix, it specifically conveys the idea of aspiration or ambition.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3974

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Built

Reading

Kanji

建Build

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '建て (だて)' is used to indicate the way something is built or constructed. It is often attached to nouns to describe the type of construction or the material used in building something. For example: a wooden house「木造建ての家」(もくぞうだてのいえ). This building is steel-framed「この建物は鉄骨建てです」(このたてものはてっこつだてです). The suffix can also be used to specify the number of floors in a building, such as in 'three-story building'「三階建ての建物」(さんかいだてのたてもの). It is a versatile suffix that provides specific information about the construction or structure of an object or building.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4026

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Road

Reading

Kanji

路Path

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '路 (ろ)' means 'road' or 'path'. It is often used in compound words to denote a route, way, or passage. This suffix is commonly found in place names or terms related to travel and direction. For example: mountain road「山道」(やまみち). This suffix can also imply a metaphorical path or journey, as in the path of life「人生の路」(じんせいのみち). It is important to note that '路' is typically used in formal or literary contexts and is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4033

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order

Reading

Kanji

令Orders

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '令 (れい)' is used to denote an order, command, or decree. It is often found in formal or official contexts, such as in government or legal documents. For example: a government order「政府の命令」(せいふのめいれい). It can also be used in compound words to indicate something that is ordered or commanded, such as '法令 (ほうれい)' meaning 'laws and ordinances'. Note that '令' is not commonly used as a standalone word but rather as part of compound words or in specific formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4038

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addressed

Reading

Kanji

宛Address

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '宛て (あて)' is used to indicate that something is addressed or directed to someone or something. It is commonly attached to names, titles, or pronouns to specify the recipient. For example: a letter addressed to Tanaka「田中さん宛ての手紙」(たなかさんあてのてがみ). This suffix is often used in formal or written contexts, such as letters, emails, or packages. It can also imply a sense of direction or purpose, as in 'this gift is for you'「このプレゼントはあなた宛てです」(このプレゼントはあなたあてです). Note that '宛て' is typically written in hiragana in modern usage, though it can occasionally appear in kanji as '宛'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4055

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Book

Reading

Kanji

帳Notebook

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '帳 (ちょう)' is commonly used to denote a type of book or notebook, often used for recording or keeping track of information. It is attached to nouns to specify the kind of book, such as a notebook for notes, a ledger, or a registry. For example: a notebook「ノート帳」(ノートちょう), an address book「住所帳」(じゅうしょちょう). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to refer to different types of books or records, emphasizing its role in organization and documentation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4056

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stretch

Reading

Kanji

張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '張り (はり)' is often used to indicate a sense of stretch, tension, or extension. It can be attached to nouns to describe something that is stretched or taut, or to convey a feeling of tightness or firmness. For example: a tight rope「張りのあるロープ」(はりのあるロープ). This suffix can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional tension or enthusiasm. For example: full of enthusiasm「張り切っている」(はりきっている). It's important to note that '張り' is often used in compound words to modify the meaning of the base noun, adding a sense of tension or extension.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4194

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vegetable

Reading

Kanji

菜Vegetable

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '菜 (さい)' refers to 'vegetable' and is commonly used in the names of vegetables or dishes containing vegetables. It is often attached to the name of a specific vegetable to denote its type. For example: spinach is called 'ほうれん草 (ほうれんそう)' where '草 (そう)' also means 'grass' or 'herb', but '菜' is used in other contexts. Example sentences: I like vegetable dishes「野菜料理が好きです」(やさいりょうりがすきです). This soup has a lot of vegetables「このスープには野菜がたくさん入っています」(このスープにはやさいがたくさんはいっています). The suffix can also be used in compound words to specify a type of vegetable, such as '白菜 (はくさい)' which means 'Chinese cabbage'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4245

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Done

Reading

Kanji

済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '済み (ずみ)' is used to indicate that something has been completed or settled. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe the state of completion. For example: payment completed「支払い済み」(しはらいずみ). This suffix is commonly used in formal or business contexts to convey that a task or obligation has been fulfilled. Another example: reservation completed「予約済み」(よやくずみ). It is important to note that '済み' is often written in kanji but can also appear in hiragana in less formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4246

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

View

Reading

Kanji

視See, Look

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '視 (し)' means 'view' or 'perspective'. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe a particular way of looking at or considering something. For example: global view「グローバル視」(ぐろーばるし). This suffix is commonly used in formal or technical contexts, such as in academic writing or business discussions. Another example: a critical perspective「批判的視」(ひはんてきし). Note that '視' is rarely used as a standalone word and is almost always part of a compound.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4283

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extra

Reading

Kanji

余Excess

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '余 (よ)' is used to indicate an excess or surplus of something. It is often attached to numbers to signify 'more than' or 'over' a certain amount. For example: over 100 people「100人余」(ひゃくにんよ). This suffix can also be used in a more abstract sense to denote something beyond the expected or necessary, such as in '余裕 (よゆう)' which means 'leeway' or 'room to spare'. Another example: there is extra time「余った時間がある」(あまったじかんがある).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4393

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Full

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'だらけ (だらけ)' is used to indicate that something is 'full of' or 'covered with' a particular thing, often implying an excessive or undesirable amount. It is attached to nouns and can carry a negative connotation, though this depends on context. For example: The room is full of dust「部屋はほこりだらけだ」(へやはほこりだらけだ). His hands are covered with mud「彼の手は泥だらけだ」(かれのてはどろだらけだ). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various situations to emphasize abundance, but it often suggests clutter or messiness.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

4432

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Money, Coin

Reading

Kanji

銭Money, Coin

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '銭 (せん)' refers to 'coin' or 'money'. It is often used in compound words to denote currency or small amounts of money. Historically, '銭' was used to refer to small denominations of currency, such as the 'sen' in the pre-decimal Japanese monetary system. For example: one yen and fifty sen「一円五十銭」(いちえんごじっせん). This suffix is still used in modern Japanese, particularly in contexts involving small change or historical references. Another example: ten sen coin「十銭玉」(じっせんだま).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4488

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Festival

Reading

Kanji

祭Ritual

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '祭 (さい)' means 'festival'. It is commonly used to denote events, celebrations, or gatherings that are festive in nature. This suffix can be attached to various nouns to describe specific types of festivals or events. For example: summer festival「夏祭り」(なつまつり). cultural festival「文化祭」(ぶんかさい). It is important to note that '祭' can also be used metaphorically to describe a lively or chaotic situation, such as a 'shopping festival'「買い物祭り」(かいものまつり), which refers to a large sale event. The suffix is versatile and widely used in both traditional and modern contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proof

Reading

Kanji

証Evidence

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '証 (しょう)' means 'proof' or 'evidence'. It is often attached to nouns to indicate something that serves as proof or certification. For example, a '免許証 (めんきょしょう)' is a 'license' or 'certificate', and a '身分証明書 (みぶんしょうめいしょ)' is an 'identification document'. This suffix is commonly used in formal or legal contexts. Example sentences: This is proof of my identity「これは私の身分証です」(これはわたしのみぶんしょうです). Please show your license「免許証を見せてください」(めんきょしょうをみせてください).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4738

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grilled

Reading

Kanji

焼Burn, Bake

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '焼き (やき)' means 'grilled' and is commonly used in the names of dishes to indicate that the food has been grilled or broiled. This suffix is often attached to the name of the main ingredient to describe the cooking method. For example: grilled chicken「焼き鳥」(やきとり), grilled fish「焼き魚」(やきざかな). It can also be used in other contexts to describe something that has been baked or roasted, such as in '焼き芋 (やきいも)' which means 'roasted sweet potato'. The suffix is versatile and widely used in Japanese cuisine to specify the cooking technique.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4789

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheap

Reading

Kanji

安Cheap, Relax

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '安 (あん)' is often used to indicate something is cheap or inexpensive. It is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words that describe affordability. For example: cheap hotel「安ホテル」(やすいホテル). This suffix is widely used in everyday language to refer to budget-friendly options. Another example: cheap food「安い食べ物」(やすいたべもの). Note that '安' can also stand alone as an adjective meaning 'cheap' or 'inexpensive' when used in its full form '安い (やすい)'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4962

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crime

Reading

Kanji

犯Crime

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '犯 (はん)' means 'crime' and is used to denote someone who has committed a specific type of crime. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe the perpetrator of a crime. For example: a thief is a '窃盗犯 (せっとうはん)'. A murderer is a '殺人犯 (さつじんはん)'. This suffix is commonly used in legal and news contexts to specify the nature of the crime committed. Example sentences: The police arrested the thief「警察は窃盗犯を逮捕した」(けいさつはせっとうはんをたいほした). The murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment「殺人犯は終身刑を宣告された」(さつじんはんはしゅうしんけいをせんこくされた).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4975

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Left

Reading

Kanji

放Release

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '放し (はなす)' is used to indicate that something is left in a particular state or condition, often implying neglect or abandonment. It is commonly attached to verbs to form compound words. For example: the door was left open「ドアが開け放しだった」(ドアがあけはなしだった). The lights were left on「電気がつけ放しだった」(でんきがつけはなしだった). This suffix can also imply a sense of carelessness or lack of attention to the state of something.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5029

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tree

Reading

Kanji

樹Tree, Wood

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '樹 (じゅ)' means 'tree'. It is commonly used as a suffix in compound words to denote something related to trees or tree-like structures. For example: oak tree「樫の樹」(かしのじゅ). This suffix is often used in botanical or scientific contexts to specify types of trees. Another example: cherry tree「桜の樹」(さくらのじゅ). It is important to note that '樹 (じゅ)' is typically used in more formal or literary contexts, whereas '木 (き)' is more commonly used in everyday language to refer to trees.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5121

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kilogram

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'キログラム (きろぐらむ)' means 'kilogram', a unit of mass equal to 1,000 grams. It is commonly used in measurements of weight, especially in contexts like cooking, science, and everyday life. For example: this bag weighs 5 kilograms「このバッグは5キログラムです」(このバッグはごきろぐらむです). The package is 2 kilograms「その荷物は2キログラムです」(そのにもつはにきろぐらむです). Note that 'キログラム' is often abbreviated as 'キロ (きろ)' in casual conversation, but the full form is used in formal or precise contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

5171

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter for ships

Reading

Kanji

隻One of a pair, Ship counter

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '隻 (せき)' is a counter used specifically for counting ships or vessels. It is a specialized counter and is not used for other objects. For example: one ship「一隻の船」(いっせきのふね). two ships「二隻の船」(にせきのふね). This counter is often used in contexts related to maritime activities, shipping, or naval discussions. It is important to note that '隻' is not a standalone word but a suffix that must be attached to a number to indicate the count of ships.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5179

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Publication

Reading

Kanji

刊Publish, Edition

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '刊 (かん)' is used to indicate 'publication' or 'issue' of books, magazines, or other printed materials. It is often attached to nouns to specify the type or frequency of publication. For example: monthly publication「月刊」(げっかん). first issue「創刊」(そうかん). This suffix is commonly seen in the titles of magazines or series, such as '週刊 (しゅうかん)' meaning 'weekly publication'. It is important to note that '刊' is typically used in formal or written contexts and is not commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5241

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Millimeter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'ミリメートル (mirimeetoru)' is a unit of measurement meaning 'millimeter'. It is used to measure small lengths or distances, equivalent to one-thousandth of a meter. This term is commonly used in scientific, engineering, and everyday contexts. For example: the thickness is 5 millimeters「厚さは5ミリメートルです」(あつさはごミリメートルです). The gap is only 2 millimeters「隙間はたった2ミリメートルです」(すきまはたったにミリメートルです). Note that 'ミリメートル' is often abbreviated as 'mm' in written form, similar to English.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

5285

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Milli

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'ミリ (miri)' is derived from the metric prefix 'milli-', representing one-thousandth (1/1000) of a unit. It is commonly used in scientific, technical, and everyday contexts to denote measurements. For example: 1 millimeter「1ミリメートル」(いちミリメートル). 500 milligrams「500ミリグラム」(ごひゃくミリグラム). This suffix is often attached to units like meters (メートル), liters (リットル), or grams (グラム) to indicate smaller quantities. It is important to note that 'ミリ' is always written in katakana, as it is a borrowed term from the metric system.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

5300

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Material

Reading

Kanji

材Materials, Timber

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '材 (ざい)' means 'material' and is used to refer to the substance or raw material from which something is made. It is often attached to nouns to specify the type of material being discussed. For example: wood material「木材」(もくざい). building material「建材」(けんざい). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to construction, manufacturing, or crafting. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something as the 'material' or 'basis' for an idea or concept, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5309

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Length

Reading

Kanji

尺Foot

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '尺 (しゃく)' refers to a traditional unit of length, approximately equivalent to 30.3 centimeters. It is derived from the Chinese 'chi' and was historically used in Japan for measuring cloth, paper, and other materials. While it is less commonly used in modern times, it may still appear in traditional contexts or specific industries. For example: this cloth is two shaku long「この布は二尺です」(このぬのはにしゃくです). The room is ten shaku wide「この部屋は十尺の広さです」(このへやはじゅっしゃくのひろさです). Note that '尺' can also appear in compound words, such as '巻尺 (まきじゃく)' (measuring tape).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5357

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Record

Reading

Kanji

録Record

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '録 (ろく)' means 'record' and is commonly used in compound words to indicate a recording or documentation of something. It is often attached to nouns to form new words that denote a record or log of the original noun. For example: a voice recording「音声録」(おんせいろく). A meeting record「会議録」(かいぎろく). This suffix is widely used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in technology (e.g., '録画 (ろくが)' for video recording) or in administrative documents (e.g., '議事録 (ぎじろく)' for minutes of a meeting).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5367

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '切り (きり)' is used to indicate the end or limit of something. It often implies a definitive stopping point or a clear boundary. This suffix can be attached to nouns or verbs to convey the idea of completion or finality. For example: that was the last of it「それっきり」(それっきり). I haven't seen him since that day「あの日きり会っていない」(あのひきりあっていない). It can also be used to emphasize that something is done thoroughly or completely, as in 'しっかり (しっかり) (firmly/solidly)', though this is a different usage of the same kanji.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5420

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '連 (れん)' is used to denote a group or association of people, often with a shared interest, activity, or purpose. It is commonly seen in the names of clubs, organizations, or teams. For example: a group of friends「友達連」(ともだちれん). A group of musicians「音楽連」(おんがくれん). This suffix is typically attached to a noun to form a compound word that refers to a collective entity. It is important to note that '連' can also be used in other contexts, such as in the word '連続 (れんぞく)', which means 'continuation' or 'series', but in this case, we are focusing on its use as a suffix to indicate a group.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5455

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Use

Reading

Kanji

使Use

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '使 (し)' means 'use' and is often attached to nouns to form compound words that indicate the use or application of something. This suffix is commonly used in technical or formal contexts. For example: 電力使 (でんりょくし) means 'electricity use'. 水使 (みずし) means 'water use'. It's important to note that this suffix is not used independently and always follows a noun to create a new word with a specific meaning related to the use of that noun.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5549

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sect

Reading

Kanji

宗Religion

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '宗 (しゅう)' means 'sect' and is commonly used in the context of religious or philosophical schools. It refers to a specific branch or tradition within a larger religious or philosophical system. For example, in Buddhism, it is used to denote different sects such as Zen Buddhism (禅宗, ぜんしゅう) or Pure Land Buddhism (浄土宗, じょうどしゅう). The suffix can also be used more broadly to refer to any organized group or school of thought. Example sentences: He belongs to the Zen sect「彼は禅宗です」(かれはぜんしゅうです). This temple is affiliated with the Pure Land sect「この寺は浄土宗です」(このてらはじょうどしゅうです).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5680

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nights

Reading

Kanji

泊Overnight, Stay overnight

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '泊 (はく)' is used to indicate the number of nights spent somewhere, particularly in the context of lodging or staying overnight. It is commonly used in phrases related to travel, accommodations, or trips. For example: a two-night stay「二泊」(にはく). We stayed for three nights「三泊しました」(さんぱくしました). This suffix is often paired with numbers to specify the duration of a stay, such as in hotel bookings or travel itineraries. It is important to note that '泊' is a counter and is typically used in formal or written contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5724

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Countries

Reading

Kanji

箇Item, Counter for articles 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '箇国 (かこく)' is used to count or refer to multiple countries. It is often used in formal or written contexts, such as in legal documents, reports, or academic discussions. For example: three countries「三箇国」(さんかこく). This suffix is typically attached to numbers or quantifiers to specify the number of countries being discussed. It is important to note that '箇国' is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to '国 (くに)' when referring to countries. Example sentences: The treaty involves five countries「その条約は五箇国が関わっている」(そのじょうやくはごかこくがかかわっている). The survey covers ten countries「その調査は十箇国を対象としている」(そのちょうさはじゅっかこくをたいしょうとしている).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5750

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

District

Reading

Kanji

丁Street 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '丁目 (ちょうめ)' is used to denote a specific district or block within a city or town. It is commonly used in addresses to specify a particular area or neighborhood. For example: I live in the third district「私は3丁目に住んでいます」(わたしはさんちょうめにすんでいます). The restaurant is in the fifth district「そのレストランは5丁目にあります」(そのレストランはごちょうめにあります). This suffix is essential for navigating and understanding Japanese addresses, as it helps to pinpoint locations within larger areas.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5770

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Territory

Reading

Kanji

領Territory

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '領 (りょう)' refers to a territory or domain. It is often used in compound words to denote areas under control or jurisdiction, such as a country's territory or a feudal lord's domain. For example: the territory of Japan「日本の領土」(にほんのりょうど). The lord's domain「領主の領地」(りょうしゅのりょうち). This suffix is commonly seen in historical or political contexts, emphasizing control or ownership over a specific area.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5955

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Along

Reading

Kanji

沿Along

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '沿い (そい)' means 'along'. It is used to indicate that something is situated or moving alongside a particular path, route, or boundary. This suffix is often attached to nouns that represent linear features such as roads, rivers, or coastlines. For example: walking along the river「川沿いを歩く」(かわぞいをあるく). The hotel is along the coast「ホテルは海岸沿いにある」(ホテルはかいがんぞいにある). Note that '沿い' is typically used in combination with other nouns to form compound words that describe locations or directions relative to a linear feature.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6169

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honorific

Reading

Kanji

尊Respect, Revered

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '尊 (みこと)' is an honorific used to show deep respect, often attached to the names of deities, emperors, or other highly revered figures. It conveys a sense of sacredness or divinity. For example: the sun goddess Amaterasu is referred to as '天照大御神 (あまてらすおおみかみ)', where '大御神 (おおみかみ)' includes the honorific '御 (み)' and '神 (かみ)' meaning 'god'. Another example is the historical figure Prince Shōtoku, who is often called '聖徳太子 (しょうとくたいし)', but in more reverent contexts, '聖徳太子尊 (しょうとくたいしみこと)' might be used. This suffix is rarely used in modern everyday language and is mostly found in historical, religious, or literary contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6200

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calorie

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'カロリー (karorii)' refers to 'calorie', a unit of energy. It is commonly used in contexts related to food, nutrition, and diet to indicate the energy content of food items. For example: this cake has 300 calories「このケーキは300カロリーです」(このケーキはさんびゃくカロリーです). I check the calories of everything I eat「私は食べるもののカロリーをチェックします」(わたしはたべるもののカロリーをチェックします). This suffix is often attached to numbers to specify the calorie count, as in '100カロリー (ひゃくカロリー) (100 calories)'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

6210

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Milliliter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'ミリリットル (miririttoru)' is a unit of volume measurement, equivalent to one-thousandth of a liter. It is commonly used in contexts involving liquids, such as cooking, medicine, or science. For example: add 100 milliliters of water「水を100ミリリットル加えてください」(みずを100ミリリットルくわえてください). This medicine requires 5 milliliters per dose「この薬は1回5ミリリットル必要です」(このくすりはいっかい5ミリリットルひつようです). The term is often abbreviated as 'ml' in both Japanese and English contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

6421

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resemble

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'めく (meku)' is used to indicate that something resembles or takes on the characteristics of a certain quality or state. It is often attached to nouns or adjectives to create a verb-like expression. For example: it seems like spring「春めく」(はるめく). The sky looks like it's going to rain「雨めく空」(あめめくそら). This suffix is commonly used in literary or poetic contexts to evoke a sense of something transitioning or taking on a particular atmosphere.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

6442

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light

Reading

Kanji

灯Light, Lamp

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '灯 (とう)' means 'light' and is often used in compound words related to lighting or illumination. It is derived from the kanji 灯, which represents a lamp or light source. This suffix is commonly found in words like '街灯 (がいとう)' (streetlight) or '信号灯 (しんごうとう)' (traffic light). For example: The streetlight is bright「街灯が明るい」(がいとうがあかるい). The traffic light turned red「信号灯が赤になった」(しんごうとうがあかになった). Note that 灯 is rarely used as a standalone word and typically appears as part of compound nouns.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6456

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Peak

Reading

Kanji

峰Peak, Summit

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '峰 (ほう)' means 'peak' and is used to refer to the summit or highest point of a mountain. It is often attached to the names of mountains or used in compound words related to mountain peaks. For example: Mount Fuji's peak「富士山の峰」(ふじさんのほう). The peak of the mountain is covered in snow「山の峰は雪で覆われている」(やまのほうはゆきでおおわれている). This suffix is typically used in formal or literary contexts and is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6474

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Force, Group

Reading

Kanji

勢Power, Force

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '勢 (せい)' can mean 'force' or 'group', depending on the context. When used to mean 'force', it often refers to the strength, power, or momentum of something, such as in '水勢 (すいせい)' meaning 'water force' or 'current'. When used to mean 'group', it refers to a collective or a faction, such as in '学生勢 (がくせいせい)' meaning 'student group'. Example sentences: The force of the river is strong「川の勢いが強い」(かわのいきおいがつよい). The student group protested「学生勢が抗議した」(がくせいせいがこうぎした).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6496

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Including

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'ごと (koto)' is used to indicate that something is included or done together with something else. It can be attached to nouns to express the idea of 'including' or 'along with'. For example: eat the fish including the bones「魚を骨ごと食べる」(さかなをほねごとたべる). The house was destroyed including the furniture「家が家具ごと壊された」(いえがかぐごとこわされた). This suffix is often used to emphasize that nothing is left out or separated.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

6525

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sale

Reading

Kanji

売Sell

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '売り (うり)' means 'sale' and is used to indicate the act of selling or something being sold. It is often attached to nouns to describe the type of sale or the item being sold. For example: book sale「本売り」(ほんうり). This suffix is commonly used in commercial contexts and can be found in words like '魚売り (さかなうり)' (fish seller) or '野菜売り (やさいうり)' (vegetable seller). It is important to note that '売り' can also imply the act of selling as a profession or trade. For instance: He is a fruit seller「彼は果物売りです」(かれはくだものうりです). The store specializes in flower sales「その店は花売りを専門にしています」(そのみせははなうりをせんもんにしています).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6536

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Minutes

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '分間 (ぶんかん)' is used to indicate a duration of time in minutes. It is attached to a number to specify how many minutes something lasts or takes. For example: 10 minutes「10分間」(じゅっぷんかん). I waited for 30 minutes「30分間待った」(さんじゅっぷんかんまった). This suffix is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about time durations, such as in schedules, cooking times, or waiting periods.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6606

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Villa

Reading

Kanji

荘Solemn, Villa

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '荘 (しょう)' is used to denote a villa, mansion, or a type of residence, often implying a certain level of elegance or grandeur. It is commonly found in the names of residential buildings, hotels, or estates. For example: a luxurious villa「豪華な荘」(ごうかなしょう). This suffix can also be part of the name of a place, such as a hotel or a resort, indicating a place of lodging or retreat. For instance: staying at a mountain villa「山荘に泊まる」(さんしょうにとまる). The usage of '荘' often conveys a sense of traditional or upscale accommodation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6709

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residence

Reading

Kanji

邸Residence

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '邸 (てい)' is used to denote a residence or mansion, often implying a certain level of grandeur or formality. It is commonly attached to family names to refer to someone's home in a respectful manner. For example: Mr. Tanaka's residence「田中邸」(たなかてい). The mansion of the wealthy family「裕福な家族の邸」(ゆうふくなかぞくのてい). This suffix is typically used in formal contexts and can be found in addresses or when referring to the homes of notable individuals.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6726

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Limb

Reading

Kanji

肢Limb, Arms & legs

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '肢 (し)' refers to a 'limb' or 'appendage'. It is often used in compound words to denote parts of the body, particularly arms and legs. This suffix is commonly found in medical or anatomical terms. For example: upper limb「上肢」(じょうし). lower limb「下肢」(かし). It can also be used metaphorically to describe branches or extensions of something, such as in organizational structures. For example: the branch of a company「会社の肢」(かいしゃのし). Note that this suffix is rarely used alone and is typically part of a larger compound word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6737

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Etc

Reading

Kanji

等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '等々 (とうとう)' is used to indicate that there are additional items or examples that are not explicitly listed, similar to 'etc.' or 'and so on' in English. It is often used in both formal and informal contexts to imply a continuation of a list without specifying every item. For example: I bought apples, oranges, etc.「りんごやオレンジ等々を買いました」(りんごやオレンジとうとうをかいました). The meeting discussed budgets, schedules, etc.「会議では予算やスケジュール等々について話し合いました」(かいぎではよさんやスケジュールとうとうについてはなしあいました). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to avoid listing every single item or detail.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6738

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bay

Reading

Kanji

江Creek, Inlet

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '江 (こう)' means 'bay' and is often used in geographical names to denote a bay or inlet. It is commonly found in place names, such as 'Tokyo Bay (東京湾, とうきょうわん)' or 'Osaka Bay (大阪湾, おおさかわん)'. This suffix is typically used in formal or historical contexts and is not commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: Tokyo Bay is beautiful「東京湾は美しい」(とうきょうわんはうつくしい). The ships are anchored in Osaka Bay「船は大阪湾に停泊している」(ふねはおおさかわんにていはくしている).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6824

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mutual

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '合い (あい)' is used to indicate mutual or reciprocal action between two or more parties. It is often attached to verbs to form nouns that describe a shared or joint activity. For example: helping each other「助け合い」(たすけあい), or mutual understanding「分かり合い」(わかりあい). This suffix emphasizes the idea of interaction or cooperation between individuals. Another example: love between two people「愛し合い」(あいしあい). It is important to note that '合い' is not used independently but always as a suffix to modify verbs into nouns.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6853

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Included

Reading

Kanji

込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '込み (こみ)' is used to indicate that something is included or bundled together. It often implies that the item or service mentioned comes with additional features or components. For example: tax included「税込み」(ぜいこみ). This suffix is commonly used in contexts like pricing, services, or packages to clarify what is included. Another example: service charge included「サービス料込み」(サービスりょうこみ). It can also be used metaphorically, as in 'effort included'「努力込み」(どりょくこみ), implying that effort is part of the process.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6980

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exhibition

Reading

Kanji

展Unfold, Expand

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '展 (てん)' is commonly used to denote an exhibition or display. It is often attached to nouns to indicate that the event or place is related to showcasing something, such as art, products, or collections. For example: art exhibition「美術展」(びじゅつてん). This suffix is frequently used in formal contexts and is a key part of many event names. Another example: photography exhibition「写真展」(しゃしんてん). The suffix '展' is versatile and can be used in various contexts, but it always retains its core meaning of an exhibition or display.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7043

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Combine

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '合 (ごう)' is used to indicate combining, joining, or matching. It often appears in compound words to convey the idea of things coming together or working in unison. For example: teamwork「チームワークの合」(チームワークのごう). This suffix is commonly used in contexts where collaboration or synchronization is emphasized, such as in sports, business, or social activities. Another example: a good match「良い合」(よいごう). It's important to note that this suffix is typically attached to nouns or other suffixes to form new compound words.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7108

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Building

Reading

Kanji

棟Block, Ridgepole

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '棟 (とう)' is used to denote a building or a structure, often in the context of counting or identifying specific buildings within a complex. It is commonly used in addresses, building names, or when referring to multiple buildings. For example: building number 3「3棟」(さんとう). The main building「本棟」(ほんとう). This suffix is particularly useful in contexts like schools, hospitals, or office complexes where there are multiple buildings. Note that '棟' can also refer to a specific wing or section of a larger building.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7117

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pain

Reading

Kanji

痛Pain

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '痛 (つう)' is used to describe something related to pain or suffering. It is often attached to other words to form compound nouns that describe specific types of pain or painful conditions. For example: headache「頭痛」(ずつう), stomachache「腹痛」(ふくつう). This suffix is commonly used in medical contexts or when discussing physical discomfort. It can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional pain or distress, although this usage is less common. For example: heartache「心痛」(しんつう).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7136

Composition

kanji

Handwriting