word

Meaning

Whereabouts

Reading

Kanji

行Go 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行方 (ゆくえ)' means 'whereabouts'. It refers to the location or direction of a person or thing, often when their current location is unknown or uncertain. This word is commonly used in contexts involving missing persons, lost items, or uncertain futures. For example: His whereabouts are unknown「彼の行方はわからない」(かれのゆくえはわからない). The missing child's whereabouts are still a mystery「行方不明の子供の行方はまだ謎だ」(ゆくえふめいのこどものゆくえはまだなぞだ). Note that '行方' can also metaphorically refer to the future or direction of something, as in 'the future of the project is uncertain'「プロジェクトの行方は不透明だ」(ぷろじぇくとのゆくえはふとうめいだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Protest

Reading

Kanji

抗Resist, Confront 議Deliberation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '抗議 (こうぎ)' means 'protest'. It refers to an expression of objection, disapproval, or dissent, often in response to an action, decision, or policy. This term is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as political, social, or workplace situations. For example: The workers submitted a protest against the new policy「労働者たちは新しい政策に抗議を提出した」(ろうどうしゃたちはあたらしいせいさくにこうぎをていしゅつした). The citizens held a protest against the construction plan「市民たちは建設計画に抗議を行った」(しみんたちはけんせつけいかくにこうぎをおこなった). Note that '抗議' can also be used as a verb when combined with suru, as in '抗議する (こうぎする)', meaning 'to protest'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4543

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lovely

Reading

Kanji

素Element 敵Enemy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '素敵 (すてき)' means 'lovely' or 'wonderful'. It is used to describe something or someone that is charming, delightful, or attractive. This word is often used in casual conversations to express admiration or approval. For example: That dress is lovely「そのドレスは素敵」(そのドレスはすてき). Your idea is wonderful「あなたのアイデアは素敵」(あなたのアイデアはすてき). The word can also be used to describe situations or experiences that are enjoyable or impressive. It carries a positive and warm connotation, making it a common compliment in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flat

Reading

Kanji

平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '平 (たいら)' means 'flat'. It is used to describe something that is level, even, or without bumps or curves. This word can refer to physical surfaces, such as a flat table or a flat piece of land, as well as abstract concepts like a calm or even state of mind. For example: the ground is flat「地面は平だ」(じめんはたいらだ). She has a calm and even personality「彼女は平な性格だ」(かのじょはたいらなせいかくだ). Note that '平' can also be used in compound words, such as '平らな道 (たいらなみち)' (flat road).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4545

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acquaintance

Reading

Kanji

知Know 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '知人 (ちじん)' refers to someone you know, but not closely. It is used to describe a person you are familiar with, but who is not a close friend or family member. This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I met an acquaintance at the station「知人に駅で会いました」(ちじんにえきであいました). She is an acquaintance from work「彼女は仕事の知人です」(かのじょはしごとのちじんです). The word is often used to distinguish between close relationships and more casual ones.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4546

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Day

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '当日 (とうじつ)' refers to 'the day in question' or 'the very day' of an event or occasion. It is commonly used to specify the exact day something is happening, such as a meeting, event, or appointment. For example: Please come on the day of the event「当日に来てください」(とうじつにきてください). The payment is due on the day「支払いは当日です」(しはらいはとうじつです). This word emphasizes the immediacy or relevance of the specific day being discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4550

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

East and west

Reading

Kanji

東East 西West

Explanation

The Japanese noun '東西 (とうざい)' refers to the concept of 'east and west', often used to describe direction, orientation, or geographical location. It can also metaphorically represent contrasting ideas, cultures, or traditions from the East and West. For example: The train runs east-west「電車は東西に走る」(でんしゃはとうざいにはしる). The cultural exchange between East and West is important「東西の文化交流は重要だ」(とうざいのぶんかこうりゅうはじゅうようだ). This word is commonly used in contexts involving geography, travel, or cultural comparisons.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4552

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Logic, Reasoning

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 屈Crouch, Yield

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理屈 (りくつ)' refers to 'logic' or 'reasoning'. It is often used to describe a logical argument, theory, or explanation. This word can carry a slightly negative nuance when used to imply that someone is overly focused on logic at the expense of practicality or emotion. For example: He always insists on logic「彼はいつも理屈を言う」(かれはいつもりくつをいう). Your reasoning doesn't make sense「君の理屈は通じない」(きみのりくつはつうじない). It can also be used in a neutral or positive sense, such as: There's logic behind his argument「彼の主張には理屈がある」(かれのしゅちょうにはりくつがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Different

Reading

Kanji

異Rare, Different

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '異 (い)' means 'different' or 'unusual'. It is commonly used to form compound words that indicate something is different, unusual, or distinct from the norm. For example: different culture「異文化」(いぶんか). unusual phenomenon「異現象」(いげんしょう). This prefix is often used in formal or academic contexts to denote something that stands out or deviates from the standard. It can also imply a sense of otherness or foreignness, as in '異国 (いこく) (foreign country)'.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decision

Reading

Kanji

決Decide 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese noun '決断 (けつだん)' means 'decision'. It refers to the act of making a firm and resolute choice, often after careful consideration. This word is commonly used in contexts where a significant or impactful choice is made. For example: He made a quick decision「彼は早い決断をした」(かれははやいけつだんをした). Making a decision is important「決断を下すことは重要だ」(けつだんをくだすことはじゅうようだ). The word carries a nuance of determination and finality, often implying that the decision is not easily reversible.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4558

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

King

Reading

Kanji

国Country 王King

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国王 (こくおう)' means 'king'. It refers to the male sovereign ruler of a kingdom or a monarch. This term is often used in historical, political, or formal contexts. For example: The king ruled the country wisely「国王は国を賢く治めた」(こくおうはくにをかしこくおさめた). The king wore a golden crown「国王は金色の王冠をかぶっていた」(こくおうはきんいろのおうかんをかぶっていた). Note that '国王' is a formal term and is typically used in reference to historical or foreign kings, while the term '王 (おう)' is more commonly used in modern contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4559

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Orientation

Reading

Kanji

志Intention 向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '志向 (しこう)' refers to a person's orientation, inclination, or tendency towards a particular goal, direction, or way of thinking. It is often used in contexts related to psychology, education, or personal development to describe someone's focus or aspirations. For example: His orientation is towards art「彼の志向は芸術に向かっている」(かれのしこうはげいじゅつにむかっている). The company's orientation is innovation「その会社の志向は革新だ」(そのかいしゃのしこうはかくしんだ). This word can also imply a deliberate or conscious choice in pursuing a specific path or ideal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4560

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Management, Conclusion

Reading

Kanji

始Begin 末End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '始末 (しまつ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'management', referring to the handling or dealing with a situation, often implying careful or efficient handling. For example: He is good at managing household affairs「彼は家事の始末が上手だ」(かれはかじのしまつがじょうずだ). The second meaning is 'conclusion' or 'end result', often used to describe the outcome or resolution of a situation. For example: This is the result of his carelessness「これが彼の不注意の始末だ」(これがかれのふちゅういのしまつだ). The word can carry a nuance of finality or responsibility, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4561

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Registration

Reading

Kanji

登Ascend 記Record

Explanation

The Japanese noun '登記 (とうき)' refers to the legal registration of property, rights, or other official matters. It is commonly used in contexts involving real estate, land ownership, or legal documentation. For example: I completed the property registration「不動産の登記を済ませた」(ふどうさんのとうきをすませた). The land registration is required「土地の登記が必要です」(とちのとうきがひつようです). This term is often used in formal or legal settings and is essential for establishing legal ownership or rights.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4562

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Repayment

Reading

Kanji

返Return 済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '返済 (へんさい)' refers to the act of repaying or settling a debt, loan, or obligation. It is commonly used in financial contexts, such as repaying a loan or mortgage. For example: I will repay the loan next month「来月にローンを返済します」(らいげつにローンをへんさいします). The repayment period is five years「返済期間は5年です」(へんさいきかんはごねんです). This word emphasizes the completion of a financial obligation and is often used in formal or business settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reserve

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '予備 (よび)' means 'reserve' or 'preparation'. It refers to something kept in store or set aside for future use, such as resources, supplies, or backup plans. It can also imply preparation for potential situations. For example: We have a reserve of food「予備の食料がある」(よびのしょくりょうがある). He is preparing for the exam「彼は試験の予備をしている」(かれはしけんのよびをしている). This word is often used in contexts like '予備知識 (よびちしき)' (preliminary knowledge) or '予備校 (よびこう)' (cram school).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4564

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Festival

Reading

Kanji

祭Ritual

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '祭 (さい)' means 'festival'. It is commonly used to denote events, celebrations, or gatherings that are festive in nature. This suffix can be attached to various nouns to describe specific types of festivals or events. For example: summer festival「夏祭り」(なつまつり). cultural festival「文化祭」(ぶんかさい). It is important to note that '祭' can also be used metaphorically to describe a lively or chaotic situation, such as a 'shopping festival'「買い物祭り」(かいものまつり), which refers to a large sale event. The suffix is versatile and widely used in both traditional and modern contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refusal

Reading

Kanji

拒Repel, Refuse 否Negate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '拒否 (きょひ)' means 'refusal' or 'rejection'. It is used to describe the act of refusing or rejecting something, such as a request, proposal, or idea. This term is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as legal, political, or medical situations. For example: The government refused the proposal「政府はその提案を拒否した」(せいふはそのていあんをきょひした). The patient refused the treatment「患者は治療を拒否した」(かんじゃはちりょうをきょひした). It can also be used in everyday situations, such as refusing an invitation or offer. The nuance of '拒否' is often stronger than simply saying 'no', implying a firm or decisive rejection.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4567

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Silk

Reading

Kanji

絹Silk

Explanation

The Japanese noun '絹 (きぬ)' refers to 'silk', a natural fiber produced by silkworms and used to make fine fabrics. This word is often used in contexts related to clothing, textiles, or traditional crafts. For example: This kimono is made of silk「この着物は絹でできています」(このきものはきぬでできています). Silk is soft and smooth「絹は柔らかくて滑らかです」(きぬはやわらかくてなめらかです). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '絹糸 (きぬいと)' (silk thread) or '絹織物 (きぬおりもの)' (silk fabric).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4568

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Maintenance

Reading

Kanji

維Fiber, Maintain 持Hold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '維持 (いじ)' means 'maintenance'. It refers to the act of keeping something in its current state or condition, or preserving it. This word is often used in contexts related to maintaining systems, relationships, health, or order. For example: maintenance of peace「平和の維持」(へいわのいじ). Maintaining good health「健康を維持する」(けんこうをいじする). It can also be used in technical or mechanical contexts, such as maintaining equipment「設備の維持」(せつびのいじ).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Considerably

Reading

Kanji

大Big 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '大分 (だいぶ)' means 'considerably' or 'quite a bit'. It is used to indicate a significant degree or extent of something, often implying a noticeable change or difference. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: It has become considerably colder「大分寒くなった」(だいぶさむくなった). I feel considerably better now「大分良くなった」(だいぶよくなった). The word can also imply that the change or difference has been gradual over time, as in '大分慣れてきた (だいぶなれてきた) (I have gotten quite used to it)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4570

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

一One 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一行 (いっこう)' refers to a 'group' or 'party' of people traveling or moving together. It is often used to describe a group of individuals who are part of the same journey, delegation, or entourage. For example: The group arrived at the hotel「一行はホテルに到着した」(いっこうはホテルにとうちゃくした). The delegation visited the museum「一行は博物館を訪れた」(いっこうははくぶつかんをおとずれた). This word is commonly used in formal or travel-related contexts to refer to a cohesive group of people.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4571

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trader, Contractor

Reading

Kanji

業Business 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '業者 (ぎょうしゃ)' can refer to a 'trader' or 'contractor', depending on the context. As a 'trader', it typically refers to a person or company engaged in buying and selling goods or services. For example: The trader offered a good price「業者が良い値段を提示した」(ぎょうしゃがよいねだんをていしした). As a 'contractor', it refers to a person or company hired to perform specific tasks or services, often in construction or specialized fields. For example: The contractor completed the project on time「業者がプロジェクトを時間通りに完了した」(ぎょうしゃがぷろじぇくとをじかんどおりにかんりょうした). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4572

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Great

Reading

Kanji

偉Great, Admirable 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '偉大 (いだい)' means 'great' and is used to describe something or someone of extraordinary significance, importance, or magnitude. It often conveys a sense of awe or admiration. This word is typically used in formal or literary contexts to describe historical figures, achievements, or monumental events. For example: He is a great leader「彼は偉大なリーダーです」(かれはいだいなリーダーです). The discovery was a great achievement「その発見は偉大な業績でした」(そのはっけんはいだいなぎょうせきでした). Note that '偉大' carries a stronger and more formal tone compared to other words like 'すごい' or '大きい'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4573

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sword

Reading

Kanji

刀Sword

Explanation

The Japanese noun '刀 (かたな)' refers to a traditional Japanese sword, particularly the single-edged, curved blade used by samurai. It is a culturally significant weapon in Japan, often associated with the samurai class and martial arts. The term can also be used more broadly to refer to any type of sword, but it is most commonly associated with the katana. Example sentences: He owns a beautiful sword「彼は美しい刀を持っている」(かれはうつくしいかたなをもっている). The sword is sharp「その刀は鋭い」(そのかたなはするどい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Direction, Production

Reading

Kanji

演Perform 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '演出 (えんしゅつ)' primarily refers to the direction or staging of a performance, such as in theater, film, or television. It can also mean the overall production or arrangement of an event or show. This term is often used in creative contexts to describe the artistic decisions made to bring a performance to life. For example: The director's staging was impressive「演出家の演出が素晴らしかった」(えんしゅつかのえんしゅつがすばらしかった). The production of the play was outstanding「その劇の演出は素晴らしかった」(そのげきのえんしゅつはすばらしかった). Note that '演出' is distinct from '監督 (かんとく)', which refers more specifically to the role of a director in film or television.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4575

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Manager

Reading

Kanji

課Section, Lesson 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese noun '課長 (かちょう)' refers to a 'section manager' or 'department manager' in a company or organization. This is a mid-level managerial position, typically overseeing a specific section or department. The term is commonly used in business settings and reflects the hierarchical structure of Japanese workplaces. For example: The manager is busy「課長は忙しい」(かちょうはいそがしい). I reported to the manager「課長に報告した」(かちょうにほうこくした). The term '課長' is often preceded by the name of the department, such as '営業課長 (えいぎょうかちょう)' (sales manager).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4576

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pain

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 痛Pain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '苦痛 (くつう)' refers to 'pain', particularly in the context of physical or emotional suffering. It is often used to describe intense discomfort or distress. For example: He endured great pain「彼は大きな苦痛に耐えた」(かれはおおきなくつうにたえた). The pain was unbearable「その苦痛は耐えられなかった」(そのくつうはたえられなかった). This word can be used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, such as physical injuries or emotional hardships. It carries a strong connotation of suffering and is typically used in serious or grave situations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4577

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dozens

Reading

Kanji

数Number 十Ten

Explanation

The Japanese noun '数十 (すうじゅう)' means 'dozens' and is used to indicate an approximate quantity ranging from around 20 to 99. It is often used when the exact number is unknown or unimportant, but the speaker wants to convey a general sense of magnitude. For example: dozens of people attended the event「数十人がイベントに参加した」(すうじゅうにんがイベントにさんかした). There are dozens of books on the shelf「本棚には数十冊の本がある」(ほんだなにはすうじゅうさつのほんがある). Note that '数十' is a somewhat formal term and is commonly used in written or formal spoken contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4578

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gap

Reading

Kanji

隙Crevice 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '隙間 (すきま)' refers to a 'gap' or 'space' between objects. It is commonly used to describe physical spaces, such as gaps between walls, doors, or furniture, but can also be used metaphorically to describe gaps in time or relationships. For example: there is a gap between the wall and the desk「壁と机の間に隙間がある」(かべとつくえのあいだにすきまがある). I found a gap in my schedule「スケジュールに隙間を見つけた」(すけじゅーるにすきまをみつけた). The word can also imply a sense of something being overlooked or unnoticed, as in '隙間時間 (すきまじかん)', which refers to small pockets of free time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4579

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Respect

Reading

Kanji

尊Respect, Revered 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '尊重 (そんちょう)' means 'respect'. It refers to the act of valuing or holding someone or something in high regard. This term is often used in contexts where one acknowledges the importance, rights, or dignity of others. For example: We must respect the opinions of others「他人の意見を尊重しなければならない」(たにんのいけんをそんちょうしなければならない). Respect for nature is essential「自然を尊重することが大切だ」(しぜんをそんちょうすることがたいせつだ). The word can also be used in formal or professional settings to emphasize the importance of mutual respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4580

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loneliness

Reading

Kanji

孤Orphan, Solitary 独Alone

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '孤独 (こどく)' means 'loneliness'. It describes the state of being alone, isolated, or feeling disconnected from others. This word often carries an emotional weight, emphasizing the sadness or emptiness associated with being alone. For example: he felt deep loneliness「彼は深い孤独を感じた」(かれはふかいこどくをかんじた). Loneliness is a common theme in literature「孤独は文学のよくあるテーマだ」(こどくはぶんがくのよくあるテーマだ). It can also be used to describe a physical state of being alone, but it is more commonly associated with emotional isolation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Friend

Reading

Kanji

友Friend

Explanation

The Japanese noun '友 (とも)' means 'friend'. It is a somewhat literary or formal term for a friend, often used in written language or in formal speech. It can also be used in compound words, such as '友人 (ゆうじん)' (friend) or '親友 (しんゆう)' (close friend). Example sentences: He is my friend「彼は私の友です」(かれはわたしのともです). We have been friends since childhood「私たちは子供の頃からの友です」(わたしたちはこどものころからのともです). Note that '友 (とも)' is less commonly used in casual conversation compared to '友達 (ともだち)', which is the more everyday term for 'friend'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4585

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honest, Sincere

Reading

Kanji

誠Sincerity 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '誠実 (せいじつ)' conveys the qualities of sincerity and honesty. It is used to describe someone who is genuine, trustworthy, and acts with integrity. This word is often used to praise someone's character or behavior. For example: He is a sincere person「彼は誠実な人です」(かれはせいじつなひとです). She answered honestly「彼女は誠実に答えた」(かのじょはせいじつにこたえた). The term can also be applied to actions or attitudes, emphasizing a lack of deceit or ulterior motives. Note that while 'sincere' and 'honest' are closely related, they are distinct enough to warrant separate meanings in this context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4588

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enforcement

Reading

Kanji

施Alms, Carry out 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '施行 (しこう)' refers to the act of enforcing or putting into effect a law, rule, or system. It is commonly used in legal, governmental, and administrative contexts to describe when a new regulation or policy officially begins to be applied. For example: The new law will be enforced next month「新しい法律は来月施行されます」(あたらしいほうりつはらいげつしこうされます). The enforcement of the policy started yesterday「その政策の施行は昨日始まりました」(そのせいさくのしこうはきのうはじまりました). It is important to note that '施行' is often used in formal or official settings and may not be commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4591

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment, Fixation

Reading

Kanji

定Determine 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '定着 (ていちゃく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'fixation', which refers to the act of fixing something in place or making it stable. For example: the fixation of the dye on the fabric「染料の定着がしっかりしている」(せんりょうのていちゃくがしっかりしている). The second meaning is 'establishment', which refers to the process of something becoming widely accepted or recognized. For example: the establishment of new customs「新しい習慣の定着」(あたらしいしゅうかんのていちゃく). This word is often used in contexts related to technology, culture, or social norms, where something is being made permanent or widely adopted.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4592

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nature

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天然 (てんねん)' primarily means 'nature' or 'natural'. It refers to things that exist or occur in the natural world, without human intervention. This term can also be used to describe someone who is naturally talented or has an innate quality. For example: This park is full of natural beauty「この公園は天然の美しさに満ちている」(このこうえんはてんねんのうつくしさにみちている). She has a natural talent for singing「彼女は歌うことが天然の才能だ」(かのじょはうたうことがてんねんのさいのうだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4593

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Modesty

Reading

Kanji

謙Humble, Modesty 遜Humble

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '謙遜 (けんそん)' refers to the act of being modest or humble, often in the context of downplaying one's own abilities, achievements, or status. It is a valued trait in Japanese culture and is frequently used in social interactions to show politeness and respect. For example: He responded with modesty「彼は謙遜して答えた」(かれはけんそんしてこたえた). She always speaks with modesty「彼女はいつも謙遜して話す」(かのじょはいつもけんそんしてはなす). This term is often used in formal or professional settings to avoid appearing boastful.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4596

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chain

Reading

Kanji

鎖Chain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鎖 (くさり)' means 'chain'. It refers to a series of connected links, typically made of metal, used for fastening, securing, or pulling objects. This word can also metaphorically represent something that binds or restricts, such as in the context of emotional or societal constraints. Example sentences: The dog is tied with a chain「犬は鎖でつながれている」(いぬはくさりでつながれている). The chain of events led to the accident「一連の出来事が事故につながった」(いちれんのできごとがじこにつながった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4599

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seal

Reading

Kanji

印Mark, Seal 鑑Consider, Model

Explanation

The Japanese noun '印鑑 (いんかん)' refers to a personal seal or stamp used in place of a signature in Japan. It is an essential tool for formal agreements, contracts, and official documents. The seal is typically made of wood, stone, or plastic and is engraved with the owner's name or initials. Example sentences: Please stamp your seal here「ここに印鑑を押してください」(ここにいんかんをおしてください). I lost my seal「印鑑をなくしました」(いんかんをなくしました). In Japan, having a registered seal (実印, じついん) is often required for significant legal transactions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4600

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bible

Reading

Kanji

聖Saint, Holy 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '聖書 (せいしょ)' refers to the 'Bible', the sacred text of Christianity. It is used to denote the collection of religious writings considered authoritative in Christianity, including the Old and New Testaments. For example: I read the Bible every day「私は毎日聖書を読みます」(わたしはまいにちせいしょをよみます). The Bible is an important book「聖書は重要な本です」(せいしょはじゅうようなほんです). This word is specifically tied to the Christian context and is not used to refer to religious texts of other religions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4601

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legend

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit 説Theory, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '伝説 (でんせつ)' means 'legend'. It refers to a traditional story or myth that is often passed down through generations, typically involving extraordinary events or characters. This word is commonly used to describe historical or cultural tales that may or may not have a basis in fact. For example: This mountain is famous for its legend「この山は伝説で有名です」(このやまはでんせつでゆうめいです). The legend of the hero has been told for centuries「英雄の伝説は何世紀も語られてきた」(えいゆうのでんせつはなんせいきもかたられてきた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something or someone that has achieved an almost mythical status due to their extraordinary qualities or achievements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4602

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Verb

Reading

Kanji

動Move 詞Poetry, Words

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動詞 (どうし)' means 'verb'. It refers to a part of speech that describes an action, state, or occurrence. In Japanese grammar, verbs are essential for constructing sentences and are typically placed at the end of a sentence. For example: The verb 'to eat' is '食べる (たべる)'「動詞の例は食べるです」(どうしのれいはたべるです). Learning verbs is crucial for understanding and forming sentences in Japanese, as they often change form to indicate tense, politeness, or other grammatical aspects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4603

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hat

Reading

Kanji

帽Hat, Headgear 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '帽子 (ぼうし)' means 'hat'. This word refers to any type of head wear, such as caps, beanies, or formal hats. It is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing clothing or accessories. For example: I bought a new hat「新しい帽子を買いました」(あたらしいぼうしをかいました). She is wearing a red hat「彼女は赤い帽子をかぶっています」(かのじょはあかいぼうしをかぶっています). The word can also be used metaphorically in some contexts, but its primary meaning is literal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4604

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Preservation, Conservation

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保全 (ほぜん)' refers to the act of preserving or conserving something, often in the context of maintaining its original state or preventing damage. It is commonly used in fields such as environmental protection, cultural heritage, and infrastructure maintenance. For example: environmental preservation is important「環境保全は大切です」(かんきょうほぜんはたいせつです). The conservation of historical buildings「歴史的建造物の保全」(れきしてきけんぞうぶつのほぜん). This word emphasizes the proactive effort to protect and maintain something valuable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4605

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sea bathing

Reading

Kanji

海Sea 水Water 浴Bathe

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '海水浴 (かいすいよく)' refers to the activity of swimming or bathing in the sea, often for leisure or health purposes. It is commonly associated with summer activities and beach outings. For example: We went seabathing yesterday「昨日、海水浴に行きました」(きのう、かいすいよくにいきました). Seabathing is popular in summer「海水浴は夏に人気です」(かいすいよくはなつににんきです). The term is often used in contexts related to vacation, relaxation, and enjoying the beach environment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4607

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beach

Reading

Kanji

砂Sand 浜Beach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '砂浜 (すなはま)' refers to a sandy beach, specifically the area of the shore covered in sand. It is commonly used to describe coastal areas where sand is the primary feature, often associated with leisure activities like swimming, sunbathing, or playing. For example: The children are playing on the beach「子供たちは砂浜で遊んでいる」(こどもたちはすなはまであそんでいる). The sandy beach stretches far「砂浜が遠くまで続いている」(すなはまがとおくまでつづいている). This word emphasizes the sandy nature of the beach, distinguishing it from rocky or pebbly shores.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4608

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spring

Reading

Kanji

泉Spring, Fountain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '泉 (いずみ)' refers to a natural spring or fountain, typically a source of water that flows from the ground. It can also metaphorically represent a source of something valuable or abundant, such as knowledge or inspiration. For example: the spring is clear「泉は澄んでいる」(いずみはすんでいる). This place is like a spring of wisdom「この場所は知恵の泉のようだ」(このばしょはちえのいずみのようだ). The word is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, emphasizing purity, freshness, or abundance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4609

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Startup

Reading

Kanji

起Wake up 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese noun '起動 (きどう)' refers to the act of starting up or booting up a device, system, or machine. It is commonly used in the context of technology, such as computers, smartphones, or software. For example: the startup of the computer is slow「パソコンの起動が遅い」(ぱそこんのきどうがおそい). Please wait for the system to start up「システムの起動をお待ちください」(しすてむのきどうをまちください). This term is essential in technical discussions and everyday usage when referring to the initialization of electronic devices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4611

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secretary

Reading

Kanji

秘Secret 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '秘書 (ひしょ)' refers to a 'secretary', someone who assists in administrative tasks, manages schedules, and handles correspondence, often for executives or high-ranking officials. This term is commonly used in professional settings. Example sentences: She is the president's secretary「彼女は社長の秘書です」(かのじょはしゃちょうのひしょです). I need to hire a new secretary「新しい秘書を雇う必要があります」(あたらしいひしょをやとうひつようがあります). The role of a secretary often involves confidentiality and organizational skills.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4612

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smoking

Reading

Kanji

喫Ingest, Consume 煙Smoke

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '喫煙 (きつえん)' refers to the act of smoking, particularly tobacco. It is commonly used in contexts related to health, regulations, or habits. For example: Smoking is prohibited here「ここでは喫煙は禁止されています」(ここではきつえんはきんしされています). He quit smoking last year「彼は去年喫煙をやめました」(かれはきょねんきつえんをやめました). The word is often seen in signs or public notices, such as '喫煙所 (きつえんじょ)' (smoking area). It is important to note that this term is neutral in tone and does not carry any positive or negative connotations by itself.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4617

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expenses

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 費Expense

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経費 (けいひ)' refers to 'expenses' or 'costs', particularly those incurred in the course of business or work-related activities. It is commonly used in professional or financial contexts to describe expenditures necessary for operations, such as office supplies, travel costs, or other operational outlays. For example: The company covers all business expenses「会社はすべての経費を負担します」(かいしゃはすべてのけいひをふたんします). We need to reduce unnecessary expenses「不要な経費を削減する必要があります」(ふようなけいひをさくげんするひつようがあります). This term is often used in accounting or budgeting discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4619

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meeting, Gathering

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '集会 (しゅうかい)' refers to a formal or informal gathering of people, often for a specific purpose such as discussion, planning, or protest. It can be used in various contexts, from community meetings to political rallies. For example: There will be a meeting tomorrow「明日集会があります」(あしたしゅうかいがあります). The gathering was peaceful「その集会は平和でした」(そのしゅうかいへいわでした). The word can also imply a sense of organization or collective action, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4620

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bamboo

Reading

Kanji

竹Bamboo

Explanation

The Japanese noun '竹 (たけ)' refers to 'bamboo', a fast-growing plant that is widely used in Japan for construction, crafts, and as a food source. Bamboo holds cultural significance in Japan and is often associated with strength, flexibility, and resilience. Example sentences: Bamboo grows quickly「竹は早く成長する」(たけははやくせいちょうする). The fence is made of bamboo「その柵は竹でできている」(そのさくはたけでできている). Bamboo shoots are a popular ingredient in Japanese cuisine「竹の子は日本料理で人気の食材です」(たけのこはにほんりょうりでにんきのしょくざいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4621

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Favor

Reading

Kanji

恩Grace, Kindness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '恩 (おん)' means 'favor' or 'kindness', often implying a sense of gratitude or indebtedness for a good deed or help received. It is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, where reciprocating kindness is highly valued. Example sentences: I will never forget your favor「あなたの恩は決して忘れません」(あなたのおんはけっしてわすれません). He owes a debt of gratitude to his teacher「彼は先生に恩がある」(かれはせんせいにおんがある). The concept of '恩' is often associated with the idea of '恩返し (おんがえし)', which means repaying a favor.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4622

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wheat

Reading

Kanji

小Small 麦Wheat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小麦 (こむぎ)' refers to 'wheat', the grain used to make flour, bread, and other food products. It is a staple ingredient in many cuisines and is commonly used in Japan for making udon noodles, bread, and pastries. Example sentences: Wheat is grown in this region「この地域では小麦が栽培されている」(このちいきではこむぎがさいばいされている). Bread is made from wheat「パンは小麦から作られる」(パンはこむぎからつくられる). The word is often used in agricultural or culinary contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4623

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Engrossed

Reading

Kanji

夢Dream 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '夢中 (むちゅう)' means 'engrossed' or 'absorbed'. It describes a state of being completely focused or captivated by something, often to the point of losing awareness of one's surroundings. This word is commonly used to express deep involvement in activities, hobbies, or emotions. For example: I was engrossed in the game「ゲームに夢中だった」(ゲームにむちゅうだった). She is absorbed in her studies「彼女は勉強に夢中です」(かのじょはべんきょうにむちゅうです). The word can also imply a sense of obsession or infatuation, as in: He is infatuated with her「彼は彼女に夢中だ」(かれはかのじょにむちゅうだ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4624

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group, Squad

Reading

Kanji

班Group, Squad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '班 (はん)' refers to a small group or squad, often organized for a specific purpose or task. It is commonly used in contexts such as school activities, work projects, or military units. For example: The students formed a group for the project「学生たちはプロジェクトのための班を作った」(がくせいたちはぷろじぇくとのためのはんをつくった). The squad completed the mission successfully「班は任務を成功させた」(はんはにんむをせいこうさせた). The word emphasizes the organized and functional nature of the group, rather than just a casual gathering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4625

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flour

Reading

Kanji

小Small 麦Wheat 粉Flour, Powder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小麦粉 (こむぎこ)' specifically refers to 'wheat flour'. It is commonly used in cooking and baking contexts. For example: I bought wheat flour to make bread「パンを作るために小麦粉を買いました」(パンをつくるためにこむぎこをかいました). This cake is made with wheat flour「このケーキは小麦粉で作られています」(このケーキはこむぎこでつくられています). It is important to note that '小麦粉' is distinct from other types of flour, such as rice flour (米粉, こめこ) or potato starch (片栗粉, かたくりこ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4628

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Barley

Reading

Kanji

大Big 麦Wheat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大麦 (おおむぎ)' refers to 'barley', a type of cereal grain. It is commonly used in food products, beverages, and animal feed. Barley is a staple ingredient in Japanese cuisine, particularly in dishes like barley tea (麦茶, むぎちゃ) and barley rice (麦ご飯, むぎごはん). Example sentences: I drink barley tea every day「毎日大麦茶を飲みます」(まいにちおおむぎちゃをのみます). Barley is used to make beer「大麦はビールを作るのに使われます」(おおむぎはびーるをつくるのにつかわれます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4630

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooking

Reading

Kanji

炊Boil, Cook 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '炊事 (すいじ)' refers to the act of cooking or meal preparation, particularly in the context of daily household tasks. It often implies the process of preparing meals, including tasks like washing, cutting, and cooking ingredients. This term is commonly used in domestic settings and can also refer to the overall management of kitchen duties. Example sentences include: I do the cooking every day「毎日炊事をします」(まいにちすいじをします). She is good at cooking「彼女は炊事が上手です」(かのじょはすいじがじょうずです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4631

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calendar

Reading

Kanji

暦Calendar, Almanac

Explanation

The Japanese noun '暦 (こよみ)' refers to a 'calendar'. It is used to denote a system for organizing days, weeks, months, and years, often used for planning and scheduling. This word can refer to both physical calendars and digital ones. For example: I bought a new calendar「新しい暦を買いました」(あたらしいこよみをかいました). The calendar shows the holidays「その暦は祝日を示しています」(そのこよみはしゅくじつをしめしています). The term can also be used in a broader sense to refer to the passage of time or the cycle of seasons, as in 'the calendar of the seasons' (季節の暦, きせつのこよみ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4632

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Silver

Reading

Kanji

銀Silver

Explanation

The Japanese noun '銀 (ぎん)' means 'silver'. It refers to the precious metal silver, which is often used in jewelry, coins, and other valuable items. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something of high quality or value, similar to how 'silver' is used in English. Example sentences: This ring is made of silver「この指輪は銀でできている」(このゆびわはぎんでできている). Silver is a precious metal「銀は貴金属です」(ぎんはききんぞくです). The word can also appear in compound words, such as '銀色 (ぎんいろ)' meaning 'silver color'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4633

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fur

Reading

Kanji

毛Fur 皮Skin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毛皮 (けがわ)' refers to 'fur', specifically the skin and hair of an animal, often used for clothing or decoration. This word is commonly used in contexts related to fashion, animal products, or natural materials. For example: She wears a fur coat「彼女は毛皮のコートを着ている」(かのじょはけがわのコートをきている). This shop sells fur products「この店は毛皮製品を売っている」(このみせはけがわせいひんをうっている). The word can also evoke discussions about ethical concerns regarding the use of animal fur.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4634

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yarn

Reading

Kanji

毛Fur 糸Thread

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毛糸 (けいと)' refers to 'yarn', specifically woolen yarn used for knitting or crocheting. It is commonly used in contexts related to crafting, knitting, or making clothing. For example: I bought some yarn「毛糸を買いました」(けいとをかいました). She is knitting with red yarn「彼女は赤い毛糸で編み物をしています」(かのじょはあかいけいとであみものをしています). The word is often associated with handmade items and cozy, warm clothing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4635

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Independence

Reading

Kanji

自Self 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自主 (じしゅ)' refers to 'independence' or 'self-reliance'. It is often used to describe the ability or state of acting on one's own initiative, without external control or influence. This term is commonly used in contexts related to personal responsibility, self-governance, or autonomous decision-making. For example: She values her independence「彼女は自主を大切にする」(かのじょはじしゅをたいせつにする). The students organized the event on their own initiative「学生たちは自主的にイベントを企画した」(がくせいたちはじしゅてきにイベントをきかくした). The concept of '自主' is highly regarded in Japanese culture, particularly in educational and professional settings, where it is seen as a positive trait.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4636

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vehicle

Reading

Kanji

車Car 両Both

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車両 (しゃりょう)' refers to a 'vehicle'. This term is commonly used in contexts related to transportation, such as trains, cars, or any type of rolling stock. It is a formal term and is often used in technical or official settings. For example: The train has ten vehicles「その列車は車両が十両ある」(そのれっしゃはしゃりょうがじゅうりょうある). The damaged vehicle was removed from the track「損傷した車両が線路から撤去された」(そんしょうしたしゃりょうがせんろからてっきょされた). This word is also used in compound terms like '車両基地 (しゃりょうきち)' (vehicle depot) or '車両限界 (しゃりょうげんかい)' (vehicle clearance).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4637

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gray hair

Reading

Kanji

白White 髪Hair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '白髪 (しらが)' refers to 'gray hair' or 'white hair'. It is commonly used to describe hair that has lost its natural color due to aging or stress. This word is often used in contexts related to aging or appearance. For example: My father has gray hair「父は白髪だ」(ちちはしらがだ). She noticed a few gray hairs「彼女は白髪を数本見つけた」(かのじょはしらがをすうほんみつけた). The term can also carry a poetic or reflective nuance when discussing the passage of time or life changes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4640

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Female

Reading

Kanji

雌Female

Explanation

The Japanese noun '雌 (めす)' refers to the female of a species, particularly in animals. It is commonly used to distinguish the sex of animals, such as in '雌の猫 (めすのねこ)' meaning 'female cat'. This term is often used in biological contexts or when specifying the gender of animals. For example: That is a female bird「あれは雌の鳥です」(あれはめすのとりです). The female dog is gentle「雌の犬はおとなしい」(めすのいぬはおとなしい). Note that '雌' is less commonly used for humans; instead, '女性 (じょせい)' is preferred when referring to female humans.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4642

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Otolaryngology

Reading

Kanji

耳Ear 鼻Nose 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '耳鼻科 (じびか)' refers to the medical field of otolaryngology, which deals with conditions related to the ear, nose, and throat. This term is commonly used in medical contexts and is often seen on signs or in hospital departments. For example: I went to the otolaryngology department「耳鼻科に行きました」(じびかにいきました). The otolaryngology clinic is on the third floor「耳鼻科の診察室は3階です」(じびかのしんさつしつはさんかいです). This word is a combination of three kanji: 耳 (ear), 鼻 (nose), and 科 (department or field).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4645

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interpretation

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 釈Release, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '解釈 (かいしゃく)' means 'interpretation'. It refers to the act of explaining or understanding the meaning of something, such as a text, situation, or event. This word is often used in academic, legal, or philosophical contexts. For example: His interpretation of the law was unique「彼の法律の解釈は独特だった」(かれのほうりつのかいしゃくはどくとくだった). The teacher's interpretation of the poem was insightful「先生の詩の解釈は洞察に富んでいた」(せんせいのしのかいしゃくはどうさつにとんでいた). It can also imply a subjective understanding, as interpretations may vary depending on the individual.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4646

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

持Hold 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese noun '持続 (じぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'sustaining'. It refers to the act of maintaining or prolonging a state, condition, or activity over time. This word is often used in contexts related to sustainability, persistence, or ongoing processes. For example: The continuation of peace is important「平和の持続は重要です」(へいわのじぞくはじゅうようです). Sustaining economic growth is challenging「経済成長の持続は難しい」(けいざいせいちょうのじぞくはむずかしい). It can also be used in scientific or technical contexts to describe the duration or persistence of a phenomenon.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4647

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Amateur

Reading

Kanji

素Element 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '素人 (しろうと)' refers to someone who is an amateur or lacks professional experience in a particular field. It is often used to contrast with 'プロ (ぷろ)' (professional). The term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context, implying inexperience or lack of skill. For example: He is just an amateur「彼はただの素人だ」(かれはただのしろうとだ). I'm still an amateur at cooking「私はまだ料理の素人です」(わたしはまだりょうりのしろうとです). The word can also be used in contexts like hobbies or activities, such as '素人写真 (しろうとしゃしん)' (amateur photography).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4648

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Queen

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 王King

Explanation

The Japanese noun '女王 (じょおう)' means 'queen'. It refers to a female monarch or the wife of a king. This term is used in both historical and modern contexts to denote a woman who holds the highest position of power in a monarchy. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a woman who is preeminent in a particular field or domain. Example sentences: The queen is loved by her people「女王は国民に愛されている」(じょおうはこくみんにあいされている). She is the queen of the fashion world「彼女はファッション界の女王だ」(かのじょはファッションかいのじょおうだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4652

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Progress

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 展Unfold, Expand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '進展 (しんてん)' means 'progress' or 'advancement'. It is used to describe the development or forward movement of a situation, project, or event. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, research, or negotiations. For example: The project is making progress「プロジェクトは進展している」(ぷろじぇくとはしんてんしている). There has been significant progress in the negotiations「交渉に大きな進展があった」(こうしょうにおおきなしんてんがあった). Note that '進展' emphasizes measurable or noticeable progress, rather than gradual or subtle changes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4653

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aforementioned

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 掲Hoist, Display, Hold up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前掲 (ぜんけい)' means 'aforementioned' or 'previously mentioned'. It is often used in formal or written contexts to refer to something that has already been stated or listed earlier in a document, text, or discussion. For example: as mentioned in the aforementioned document「前掲の文書に記載されている通り」(ぜんけいのぶんしょにきさいされているとおり). The aforementioned points are crucial「前掲のポイントは重要です」(ぜんけいのポイントはじゅうようです). This term is typically used in academic, legal, or professional settings to avoid repetition and maintain clarity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4654

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fresh

Reading

Kanji

新New 鮮Fresh, Vivid

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '新鮮 (しんせん)' means 'fresh'. It is commonly used to describe food, produce, or ingredients that are recently harvested, prepared, or in good condition. It can also be used metaphorically to describe new or refreshing ideas, experiences, or perspectives. For example: This fish is fresh「この魚は新鮮だ」(このさかなはしんせんだ). I want to try fresh vegetables「新鮮な野菜を食べたい」(しんせんなやさいをたべたい). The presentation gave me a fresh perspective「そのプレゼンテーションは新鮮な視点を与えてくれた」(そのプレゼンテーションはしんせんしてんをあたえてくれた).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4657

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bereaved

Reading

Kanji

遺Leave behind 族Family

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺族 (いぞく)' refers to the family members or relatives left behind after someone's death. It is commonly used in contexts such as condolences, legal matters, or compensation for the deceased. For example: The bereaved family received condolences「遺族はお悔やみを受けました」(いぞくはおくやみをうけました). The government provided support to the bereaved「政府は遺族に支援を提供しました」(せいふはいぞくにしえんをていきょうしました). This term is often used in formal or official settings and carries a respectful tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4658

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tofu

Reading

Kanji

豆Beans 腐Rot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '豆腐 (とうふ)' refers to 'tofu', a food made from soybeans. It is a staple in Japanese cuisine and is known for its versatility and high protein content. Tofu can be prepared in various ways, such as fried, boiled, or eaten cold. For example: I ate tofu for dinner「夕食に豆腐を食べた」(ゆうしょくにとうふをたべた). This miso soup has tofu in it「この味噌汁には豆腐が入っている」(このみそしるにはとうふがはいっている). Tofu is often used in vegetarian and vegan diets as a meat substitute due to its texture and nutritional value.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4659

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Library, Paperback

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 庫Warehouse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文庫 (ぶんこ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a 'library', typically a collection of books or a place where books are stored. For example: I borrowed a book from the library「図書館から文庫を借りた」(としょかんからぶんこをかりた). The second meaning refers to a 'paperback', a type of book binding that is smaller and more affordable than hardcover books. For example: I bought a paperback novel「文庫の小説を買った」(ぶんこのしょうせつをかった). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended, so pay attention to the surrounding words.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4660

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

群Group, Flock 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '群集 (ぐんしゅう)' refers to a 'crowd' or a gathering of many people. It is often used to describe a large group of people gathered in one place, such as at an event, in a public space, or during an incident. The word carries a neutral tone and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: A crowd gathered at the scene of the accident「事故の現場に群集が集まった」(じこのげんばにぐんしゅうがあつまった). The crowd cheered loudly at the concert「コンサートで群集が大声で歓声を上げた」(コンサートでぐんしゅうがおおごえでかんせいをあげた). Note that '群集' is often used in written or formal contexts, while in casual speech, words like '人だかり (ひとだかり)' or '群衆 (ぐんしゅう)' might be more common.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4663

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fairness, Justice

Reading

Kanji

公Public 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公正 (こうせい)' refers to fairness or justice. It is often used in contexts related to impartiality, equity, or ethical correctness. For example: The judge ensured fairness in the trial「裁判官は裁判で公正を確保した」(さいばんかんはさいばんでこうせいをかくほした). Justice is important in society「社会において公正は重要だ」(しゃかいにおいてこうせいはじゅうようだ). This word is commonly used in legal, social, and ethical discussions to emphasize the importance of treating everyone equally and without bias.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4665

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bacteria

Reading

Kanji

細Slender 菌Fungus, Bacteria

Explanation

The Japanese noun '細菌 (さいきん)' refers to 'bacteria', which are microscopic single-celled organisms. This term is commonly used in scientific, medical, and everyday contexts when discussing microorganisms, infections, or hygiene. For example: Bacteria can cause diseases「細菌は病気を引き起こすことがある」(さいきんはびょうきをひきおこすことがある). This water contains harmful bacteria「この水には有害な細菌が含まれている」(このみずにはゆうがいなさいきんがふくまれている). The word is neutral and can refer to both harmful and beneficial bacteria, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4666

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Food

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食料 (しょくりょう)' refers to 'food' or 'food supplies'. It is commonly used to describe food items in a general sense, often in the context of provisions or sustenance. This term can be used in various contexts, such as discussing food supplies for a household, emergency food storage, or food resources in a broader sense. For example: We need to buy food for the trip「旅行のための食料を買う必要がある」(りょこうのためのしょくりょうをかうひつようがある). The government provided food to the disaster victims「政府は被災者に食料を提供した」(せいふはひさいしゃにしょくりょうをていきょうした). Note that '食料' is more formal and often used in written or official contexts, while '食べ物 (たべもの)' is more casual and commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4667

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Civil code

Reading

Kanji

民People, Nation 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '民法 (みんぽう)' refers to the 'civil code', which is a body of laws that govern private legal matters such as contracts, property, family law, and obligations between individuals. It is a crucial part of the legal system in Japan, regulating the legal relationships of citizens. For example: the civil code regulates marriage and divorce 「民法は結婚と離婚を規定している」 (みんぽうはけっこんとりこんをきていしている). He studies civil code at university 「彼は大学で民法を勉強している」 (かれはだいがくでみんぽうをべんきょうしている). The term is commonly used in legal contexts and is essential for understanding Japanese law.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4668

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stomach, Intestines

Reading

Kanji

胃Stomach 腸Intestine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '胃腸 (いちょう)' refers to the digestive system, specifically the stomach and intestines. It is often used in medical or health-related contexts to discuss issues or conditions affecting these organs. For example: My stomach and intestines are not feeling well「私の胃腸の調子が悪い」(わたしのいちょうのちょうしがわるい). He has a strong stomach and intestines「彼は胃腸が強い」(かれはいちょうがつよい). This term is commonly used in compound words related to digestion, such as '胃腸炎 (いちょうえん)' (gastroenteritis).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4670

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mountain range

Reading

Kanji

山Mountain 脈Vein, Pulse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '山脈 (さんみゃく)' refers to a 'mountain range', which is a series of connected mountains. This term is used in geographical contexts to describe large landforms. For example: The Himalayas are a famous mountain range「ヒマラヤ山脈は有名な山脈です」(ヒマラヤさんみゃくはゆうめいなさんみゃくです). We crossed the mountain range by train「私たちは山脈を電車で越えました」(わたしたちはさんみゃくをでんしゃでこえました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4671

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frequent

Reading

Kanji

頻Frequently, Frequent 繁Thrive, Overgrown

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '頻繁 (ひんぱん)' means 'frequent'. It is used to describe something that happens often or repeatedly. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate regularity or high occurrence. For example: He makes frequent trips to Japan「彼は頻繁に日本へ行く」(かれはひんぱんににほんへいく). The train delays are frequent「電車の遅延は頻繁だ」(でんしゃのちえんはひんぱんだ). Note that '頻繁' is often used with the particle 'に' when modifying a verb, as in '頻繁に会う (ひんぱんにあう) (to meet frequently)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4672

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Involvement

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related 与Give, Involvement

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関与 (かんよ)' means 'involvement'. It refers to the act of participating or being involved in a situation, event, or activity, often implying some level of responsibility or influence. This word is commonly used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, politics, or legal matters. For example: His involvement in the project was significant「彼のプロジェクトへの関与は大きかった」(かれのプロジェクトへのかんよはおおきかった). The company denied any involvement in the scandal「その会社はスキャンダルへの関与を否定した」(そのかいしゃはスキャンダルへのかんよをひていした). Note that '関与' often carries a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4673

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Point

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 点Point

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地点 (ちてん)' means 'point' in the sense of a specific location or spot. It is commonly used to refer to a particular place or position, often in geographical or spatial contexts. For example: the meeting point is here「集合地点はここです」(しゅうごうちてんはここです). The starting point of the race is over there「レースの出発地点はあそこです」(レースのしゅっぱつちてんはあそこです). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as in maps, directions, or scientific discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4674

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lawn

Reading

Kanji

芝Lawn, Turf 生Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芝生 (しばふ)' refers to a 'lawn' or an area of grass that is grown and maintained for decorative or recreational purposes. It is commonly used to describe grassy areas in parks, gardens, or around buildings. For example: The children are playing on the lawn「子供たちが芝生で遊んでいる」(こどもたちがしばふであそんでいる). The lawn in the park is very green「公園の芝生はとても青い」(こうえんのしばふはとてもあおい). This word is often associated with well-kept, manicured grass rather than wild or overgrown grass.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4680

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stem

Reading

Kanji

茎Stem

Explanation

The Japanese noun '茎 (くき)' refers to the 'stem' of a plant. It is the main structural part that supports leaves, flowers, and fruits, and transports nutrients and water. This word is commonly used in botanical contexts or when describing plants. For example: The stem of this flower is long「この花の茎は長い」(このはなのくきはながい). Please cut the stems of the vegetables「野菜の茎を切ってください」(やさいのくきをきってください). The term is straightforward and primarily used in contexts related to plants and gardening.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4682

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tiger

Reading

Kanji

虎Tiger

Explanation

The Japanese noun '虎 (とら)' refers to a 'tiger', the large carnivorous feline animal. This word is used to describe the animal itself, often in contexts related to wildlife, zoos, or symbolic representations. Tigers are also culturally significant in Japan, often symbolizing strength and courage. Example sentences: The tiger is strong「虎は強い」(とらはつよい). I saw a tiger at the zoo「動物園で虎を見た」(どうぶつえんでとらをみた). In Japanese folklore and art, tigers are frequently depicted as powerful and majestic creatures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4684

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recommendation

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 薦Recommend, Mat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '推薦 (すいせん)' means 'recommendation'. It is used to describe the act of recommending someone or something, often in formal contexts such as job applications, school admissions, or endorsements. For example: I received a recommendation from my teacher「先生から推薦をもらいました」(せんせいからすいせんをもらいました). The company gave him a strong recommendation「会社は彼に強い推薦をしました」(かいしゃはかれにつよいすいせんをしました). This term is commonly used in professional or academic settings where formal endorsements are required.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4686

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unnecessary

Reading

Kanji

不Not 要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不要 (ふよう)' means 'unnecessary'. It is used to describe something that is not needed or required. This word is often used in formal or practical contexts, such as in instructions, warnings, or when discussing items or actions that are superfluous. For example: This tool is unnecessary「この道具は不要です」(このどうぐはふようです). Unnecessary items should be removed「不要なものは取り除いてください」(ふようなものはとりのぞいてください). The word can also imply that something is redundant or excessive, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4689

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many years

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '長年 (ながねん)' means 'many years' or 'a long time'. It is used to describe a significant period of time, often emphasizing the duration or the experience accumulated over that time. This word is commonly used in contexts where the passage of time is important, such as in relationships, careers, or traditions. For example: We have been friends for many years「私たちは長年の友達です」(わたしたちはながねんのともだちです). He has worked at the company for many years「彼は長年その会社で働いています」(かれはながねんそのかいしゃではたらいています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4690

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cultivation, Development

Reading

Kanji

育Raise, Grow 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese noun '育成 (いくせい)' refers to the process of nurturing, developing, or cultivating something or someone. It is often used in contexts related to raising children, training employees, or growing plants. For example: the development of young athletes「若いアスリートの育成」(わかいアスリートのいくせい). The cultivation of new talent「新しい才能の育成」(あたらしいさいのうのいくせい). This word emphasizes a deliberate and systematic effort to foster growth or improvement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4695

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mainline

Reading

Kanji

幹Trunk, Main 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幹線 (かんせん)' refers to a mainline, such as a principal railway line, highway, or other major transportation route. It is often used in the context of transportation infrastructure to denote the primary routes that connect major cities or regions. For example: The mainline train is fast「幹線電車は速い」(かんせんでんしゃははやい). This highway is a mainline「この高速道路は幹線です」(このこうそくどうろはかんせんです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is central or principal in a system or network.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4696

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equipment

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 器Vessel

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機器 (きき)' refers to 'equipment' or 'devices'. It is commonly used to describe machinery, tools, or technical devices, often in industrial, scientific, or technological contexts. For example: The factory has new equipment「工場に新しい機器がある」(こうじょうにあたらしいききがある). This medical device is very advanced「この医療機器はとても進んでいる」(このいりょうききはとてもすすんでいる). The word can also be used in everyday contexts, such as household appliances or electronic devices, but it generally implies a level of technical sophistication.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4697

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chicken

Reading

Kanji

鶏Chicken, Hen, Cock

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鶏 (にわとり)' refers to a chicken, specifically the domesticated bird commonly raised for its meat and eggs. It is often used in everyday conversation and cooking contexts. For example: I bought a chicken at the market「市場で鶏を買いました」(いちばでにわとりをかいました). The chicken is delicious「その鶏は美味しいです」(そのにわとりはおいしいです). Note that '鶏' specifically refers to the bird itself, while '鶏肉 (とりにく)' refers to chicken meat.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4698

Composition

kanji

Handwriting