Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Goodwill

Reading

Kanji

好Like, Fond 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '好意 (こうい)' means 'goodwill' or 'kindness'. It refers to a feeling of friendliness, benevolence, or positive regard towards someone. This word is often used to describe a person's warm or favorable feelings towards another, such as in a relationship or friendship. For example: She showed me goodwill「彼女は私に好意を示した」(かのじょはわたしにこういをしめした). I appreciate your kindness「あなたの好意に感謝します」(あなたのこういにかんしゃします). Note that '好意' can also imply romantic interest in certain contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5416

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author

Explanation

The Japanese noun '著 (ちょ)' refers to a written work, such as a book, essay, or publication. It is often used in formal contexts to denote the authorship or creation of a literary piece. For example: This is his latest work「これは彼の最新の著です」(これはかれのさいしんのちょです). The author's works are widely read「その作家の著は広く読まれている」(そのさっかのちょはひろくよまれている). Note that '著' is typically used in compound words or formal settings, such as '著作 (ちょさく)' meaning 'literary work' or '著者 (ちょしゃ)' meaning 'author'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Notebook

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 帳Notebook

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手帳 (てちょう)' refers to a small notebook or planner, often used for keeping track of schedules, notes, or personal information. It is a common item carried by many people in Japan for daily organization. Example sentences: I bought a new notebook「新しい手帳を買いました」(あたらいてちょうをかいました). Please write it in your notebook「手帳に書いてください」(てちょうにかいてください). The word can also imply a sense of personal organization and planning, as it is often used to manage daily tasks and appointments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5418

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bite, Sip

Reading

Kanji

一One 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一口 (ひとくち)' can mean either 'bite' or 'sip', depending on the context. When referring to food, it typically means a small bite or portion, such as in the sentence: take a bite of this cake「このケーキを一口食べて」(このケーキをひとくちたべて). When referring to drinks, it means a small sip, as in: take a sip of tea「お茶を一口飲んで」(おちゃをひとくちのんで). The word is often used to describe a small amount of food or drink, and it can also be used metaphorically to describe a small amount of information or effort, such as in the phrase '一口メモ (ひとくちめも)' which means a brief note or memo.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5419

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Understanding

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '理解 (りかい)' means 'understanding'. It refers to the act of comprehending or grasping something, whether it be a concept, situation, or another person's feelings. This word is often used in both formal and informal contexts to express the idea of gaining insight or knowledge. For example: I have a deep understanding of the problem「私はその問題を深く理解しています」(わたしはそのもんだいをふかくりかいしています). Mutual understanding is important in relationships「関係において相互理解は重要です」(かんけいにおいてそうごりかいはじゅうようです). It can also be used to describe the process of understanding, as in 'understanding the instructions' (理解する (りかいする)).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5423

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disassembly, Analysis

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '分解 (ぶんかい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'disassembly', referring to the act of taking something apart into its constituent pieces. For example: I disassembled the machine「機械を分解した」(きかいをぶんかいした). The second meaning is 'analysis', referring to the detailed examination of the elements or structure of something. For example: The scientist analyzed the data「科学者がデータを分解した」(かがくしゃがデータをぶんかいした). It's important to note that the context in which '分解' is used will determine whether it refers to physical disassembly or abstract analysis.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5424

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fee

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '有料 (ゆうりょう)' means 'fee' or 'charge'. It is used to indicate that something requires payment or is not free. This term is commonly seen in contexts such as parking lots, events, or services that require a fee. For example: Parking is not free, there is a fee「駐車場は無料ではなく、有料です」(ちゅうしゃじょうはむりょうではなく、ゆうりょうです). This museum has an admission fee「この博物館は入場が有料です」(このはくぶつかんはにゅうじょうがゆうりょうです). The word is often paired with '無料 (むりょう)' (free) to contrast paid and free services.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jealousy

Reading

Kanji

嫉Envy, Jealous 妬Envy, Jealous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '嫉妬 (しっと)' means 'jealousy'. It refers to the feeling of envy or resentment towards someone because of their advantages, achievements, or possessions. This word is often used in contexts involving relationships, competition, or personal insecurities. For example: She felt jealousy towards her friend「彼女は友達に嫉妬を感じた」(かのじょはともだちにしっとをかんじた). His success caused jealousy among his colleagues「彼の成功は同僚の間に嫉妬を引き起こした」(かれのせいこうはどうりょうのあいだにしっとをひきおこした). The word can also imply a sense of bitterness or ill will, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5427

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Measure

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese noun '処置 (しょち)' means 'measure' or 'action taken to deal with a situation'. It is often used in contexts where a problem or issue needs to be addressed, such as in medical, technical, or administrative settings. For example: The doctor took immediate measures「医師はすぐに処置をした」(いしはすぐにしょちをした). We need to take measures to prevent accidents「事故を防ぐための処置が必要だ」(じこをふせぐためのしょちがひつようだ). This word can also imply a sense of urgency or necessity in addressing the situation at hand.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5428

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

末End 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese noun '末期 (まっき)' refers to the 'end' or 'final stage' of something, often implying the last phase of a period, era, or condition. It is commonly used in contexts such as the end of an era, the final stage of a disease, or the closing phase of a historical period. For example: the final stage of the disease「病気の末期」(びょうきのまっき). The end of the Edo period「江戸時代の末期」(えどじだいのまっき). This word carries a nuance of inevitability and often suggests a critical or irreversible state.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5430

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty, Role

Reading

Kanji

役Duty 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese noun '役目 (やくめ)' refers to a specific role or duty that someone or something is expected to fulfill. It often implies a sense of responsibility or obligation. For example: his role is to protect the family「彼の役目は家族を守ることです」(かれのやくめはかぞくをまもることです). It is my duty to finish this task「この仕事を終わらせるのが私の役目です」(このしごとをおわらせるのがわたしのやくめです). The word can be used in both formal and informal contexts, and it often carries a connotation of importance or necessity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5431

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Safely

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '無事 (ぶじ)' means 'safely' or 'without incident'. It is often used to describe the successful completion of a task, journey, or event without any problems or harm. It can also be used to express relief that someone or something is safe. For example: He arrived safely「彼は無事に到着した」(かれはぶじにとうちゃくした). The package was delivered without any issues「荷物は無事に届いた」(にもつはぶじにとどいた). It's important to note that '無事' can also be used as a noun to mean 'safety' or 'well-being', but in this context, we are focusing on its adverbial usage.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5432

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quiet

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無口 (むくち)' refers to someone who is 'quiet' or 'taciturn', often describing a person who speaks little or is not talkative. It is used to characterize someone's personality or behavior. For example: He is a quiet person「彼は無口な人です」(かれはむくちなひとです). She became quiet after the incident「彼女はその出来事の後、無口になりました」(かのじょはそのできごとのあと、むくちになりました). This term is neutral and does not inherently carry a positive or negative connotation, though context can influence its interpretation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5433

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expert

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese noun '通 (つう)' refers to someone who is an expert or well-versed in a particular field or subject. It implies a deep understanding and familiarity, often gained through extensive experience or study. For example: He is an expert in Japanese history「彼は日本史の通だ」(かれはにほんしのつうだ). She is a wine connoisseur「彼女はワインの通だ」(かのじょはワインのつうだ). The term can also be used to describe someone who is a regular or frequent visitor to a place, such as a shop or restaurant, indicating a level of familiarity and recognition by the establishment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reckless

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 茶Tea

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無茶 (むちゃ)' primarily means 'reckless' or 'unreasonable'. It is often used to describe actions or behavior that are done without considering the consequences or that defy common sense. For example: He made a reckless decision「彼は無茶な決断をした」(かれはむちゃなけつだんをした). Don't do anything unreasonable「無茶をしないで」(むちゃをしないで). The word can also imply something being excessive or absurd, such as in the phrase '無茶苦茶 (むちゃくちゃ)', which means 'utterly chaotic' or 'completely messed up'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5438

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rebuilding

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 建Build

Explanation

The Japanese noun '再建 (さいけん)' means 'rebuilding'. It refers to the process of reconstructing or restoring something that has been damaged, destroyed, or fallen into disrepair. This term is often used in contexts such as rebuilding structures, organizations, or systems. For example: the rebuilding of the city after the earthquake「地震の後の街の再建」(じしんのあとのまちのさいけん). The company is undergoing rebuilding「会社は再建中です」(かいしゃはさいけんちゅうです). It can also be used metaphorically, such as rebuilding trust or relationships.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5439

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

創Create 設Set up, Establish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '創設 (そうせつ)' means 'establishment'. It refers to the act of founding or creating something, such as an organization, institution, or system. This word is often used in formal contexts to describe the inception of significant entities. For example: the establishment of a new university「新しい大学の創設」(あたらしいだいがくのそうせつ). The company celebrated its 50th anniversary since its establishment「会社は創設から50周年を祝った」(かいしゃはそうせつからごじゅっしゅうねんをいわった). Note that '創設' emphasizes the initial act of creation or founding, rather than the ongoing existence of the entity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5440

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vertical

Reading

Kanji

縦Vertical

Explanation

The Japanese noun '縦 (たて)' means 'vertical'. It is used to describe something that is oriented in an up-and-down direction, as opposed to horizontal. This word is commonly used in contexts involving directions, measurements, or orientations. For example: draw a vertical line「縦の線を描く」(たてのせんをかく). The vertical axis is important in this graph「このグラフでは縦軸が重要です」(このグラフではたてじくがじゅうようです). Additionally, '縦' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe hierarchical relationships or structures, such as in organizations or systems.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5441

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mobilization

Reading

Kanji

動Move 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動員 (どういん)' refers to the act of mobilizing or assembling resources, people, or forces for a specific purpose. It is commonly used in contexts such as military mobilization, workforce mobilization, or organizing people for an event. For example: The government ordered the mobilization of troops「政府は軍隊の動員を命じた」(せいふはぐんたいのどういんをめいじた). The company conducted a mobilization of employees for the project「会社はそのプロジェクトのために従業員の動員を行った」(かいしゃはそのプロジェクトのためにじゅうぎょういんのどういんをおこなった). This term can also imply a sense of urgency or large-scale coordination.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5442

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next year

Reading

Kanji

来Come 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '来年 (らいねん)' means 'next year'. It refers to the year immediately following the current one. This word is commonly used in contexts where discussing future plans, events, or projections. Example: I will study abroad next year 「来年は留学します」 (らいねんはりゅうがくします). Next year's budget has been approved 「来年の予算が承認されました」 (らいねんのよさんがしょうにんされました). '来年' is a standard term and does not have any particular nuances or variations in meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5443

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Use

Reading

Kanji

用Use

Explanation

The Japanese noun '用 (よう)' primarily means 'use' or 'purpose'. It refers to the function, utility, or reason for something. It is often used in compound words or phrases to indicate the intended use or necessity of an object, task, or action. For example: This tool has a specific use「この道具には特定の用がある」(このどうぐにはとくていのようがある). I have something important to do「用がある」(ようがある). Additionally, '用' can also imply a task or errand, as in 'I have an errand to run「用事がある」(ようじがある)'. It is a versatile word commonly used in both formal and casual contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Base

Reading

Kanji

拠Basis, Based on 点Point

Explanation

The Japanese noun '拠点 (きょてん)' refers to a 'base' or a central location from which activities, operations, or movements are conducted. It is commonly used in contexts such as business, military, or organizational operations. For example: The company established a new base in Tokyo「会社は東京に新しい拠点を設立した」(かいしゃはとうきょうにあたらしいきょてんをせつりつした). The military base is located in the north「その軍事拠点は北に位置している」(そのぐんじきょてんはきたにいちしている). This word emphasizes the idea of a central or strategic location.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5450

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temple

Reading

Kanji

寺Temple 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '寺院 (じいん)' refers to a 'temple', specifically a Buddhist temple. This term is used to describe a place of worship and practice for Buddhists, often characterized by its architecture, statues, and religious activities. For example: I visited a famous temple「有名な寺院を訪れました」(ゆうめいなじいんをおとずれました). The temple is very old「その寺院はとても古いです」(そのじいんはとてもふるいです). It's important to note that '寺院' is distinct from '神社 (じんじゃ)', which refers to Shinto shrines.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5451

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ancestor

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 祖Ancestor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先祖 (せんぞ)' refers to one's ancestors or forebears. It is commonly used to describe family lineage or those who came before in a family's history. This word carries a sense of respect and is often used in contexts related to family traditions, genealogy, or cultural practices honoring ancestors. For example: I respect my ancestors「私は先祖を尊敬する」(わたしはせんぞをそんけいする). Our ancestors lived here「私たちの先祖はここに住んでいた」(わたしたちのせんぞはここにすんでいた). The term is also used in phrases like '先祖代々 (せんぞだいだい)', meaning 'for generations'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5452

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Elsewhere

Reading

Kanji

余Excess 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '余所 (よそ)' primarily means 'elsewhere' or 'another place'. It is used to refer to a place that is not here, often implying a sense of distance or separation. This word can also carry a nuance of something being outside one's immediate concern or awareness. For example: I heard it from elsewhere「それを余所で聞きました」(それをよそでききました). He is always thinking about elsewhere「彼はいつも余所のことを考えている」(かれはいつもよそのことをかんがえている). Additionally, '余所' can sometimes imply a sense of detachment or indifference, as in '余所事 (よそごと)', meaning 'someone else's affair'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5454

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '連 (れん)' is used to denote a group or association of people, often with a shared interest, activity, or purpose. It is commonly seen in the names of clubs, organizations, or teams. For example: a group of friends「友達連」(ともだちれん). A group of musicians「音楽連」(おんがくれん). This suffix is typically attached to a noun to form a compound word that refers to a collective entity. It is important to note that '連' can also be used in other contexts, such as in the word '連続 (れんぞく)', which means 'continuation' or 'series', but in this case, we are focusing on its use as a suffix to indicate a group.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5455

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Useless, Unnecessary

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無用 (むよう)' can mean 'useless' or 'unnecessary'. It is used to describe something that has no practical value or is not needed. For example: this tool is useless「この道具は無用だ」(このどうぐはむようだ). It is unnecessary to worry「心配は無用です」(しんぱいはむようです). The word can also imply that something is not required or should be avoided, as in '無用な争い (むようなあらそい) (unnecessary conflict)'. Note that '無用' can carry a slightly formal tone and is often used in written or formal spoken contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5459

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trade

Reading

Kanji

売Sell 買Buy

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '売買 (ばいばい)' refers to the act of buying and selling, commonly translated as 'trade' or 'transaction'. It is used in contexts involving commercial activities, such as the exchange of goods, services, or properties. For example: The trade of goods is increasing「商品の売買が増えている」(しょうひんのばいばいがふえている). They are involved in real estate transactions「彼らは不動産の売買に関わっている」(かれらはふどうさんのばいばいにかかわっている). This term is neutral and can be applied to both legal and illegal transactions, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5462

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Closing

Reading

Kanji

閉Close, Shut 店Shop

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '閉店 (へいてん)' refers to the act of closing a store or business for the day. It is commonly used in contexts related to retail, restaurants, or any establishment that operates on a daily schedule. For example: The store is closing now「店はもう閉店です」(みせはもうへいてんです). What time does the shop close?「お店は何時に閉店しますか？」(おみせはなんじにへいてんしますか？). It can also be used to indicate permanent closure, as in 'The shop closed permanently last month'「その店は先月閉店しました」(そのみせはせんげつへいてんしました). Note that '閉店' is often paired with '開店 (かいてん)', which means 'opening'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Main store

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 店Shop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本店 (ほんてん)' refers to the 'main store' or 'headquarters' of a business. It is used to denote the primary location of a company or establishment, as opposed to its branches or subsidiaries. For example: The main store is in Tokyo「本店は東京にあります」(ほんてんはとうきょうにあります). I visited the headquarters yesterday「昨日、本店を訪れました」(きのう、ほんてんをおとずれました). This term is commonly used in business contexts to distinguish the central office or main location from other branches.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5464

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Glance, First move

Reading

Kanji

一One 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一目 (いちもく)' has two distinct meanings depending on the context. The first meaning is 'glance,' referring to a quick look or brief view of something. For example: I took a glance at the report「報告書に一目をやった」(ほうこくしょにいちもくをやった). The second meaning is 'first move,' often used in the context of games like Go or Shogi, where it refers to the first move or initial advantage. For example: He took the first move in the game「彼はゲームで一目を取った」(かれはゲームでいちもくをとった). The word can also imply a sense of importance or significance in certain contexts, such as '一目置く (いちもくおく),' which means to acknowledge someone's superiority or to show respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5466

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

区District 域Area, Limits

Explanation

The Japanese noun '区域 (くいき)' refers to a specific area or zone, often with defined boundaries. It is commonly used in contexts such as administrative districts, restricted zones, or designated areas. For example: This is a no-parking area「ここは駐車禁止区域です」(ここはちゅうしゃきんしくいきです). The evacuation area is marked on the map「避難区域は地図に記されています」(ひなんくいきはちずにしるされています). The word emphasizes the idea of a clearly demarcated space, whether physical or conceptual.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5468

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effectiveness

Reading

Kanji

効Effective 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '効力 (こうりょく)' refers to the effectiveness, efficacy, or power of something to produce a desired result. It is often used in legal, medical, or technical contexts to describe the force or validity of a rule, law, medicine, or method. For example: This medicine has lost its effectiveness「この薬は効力を失った」(このくすりはこうりょくをうしなった). The new law will take effect next month「新しい法律は来月効力を持つ」(あたらしいほうりつはらいげつこうりょくをもつ). Note that '効力' emphasizes the practical impact or result of something, rather than its theoretical potential.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5469

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Despair

Reading

Kanji

絶Break off, Extinction 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '絶望 (ぜつぼう)' means 'despair'. It refers to a state of complete loss of hope or a feeling of utter hopelessness. This word is often used in serious or dramatic contexts, such as in literature, personal struggles, or emotional situations. For example: He fell into despair「彼は絶望に陥った」(かれはぜつぼうにおちいった). The news filled her with despair「その知らせは彼女を絶望で満たした」(そのしらせはかのじょをぜつぼうでみたした). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or outcomes that seem beyond repair or improvement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5470

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daily necessities

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 用Use 品Product

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日用品 (にちようひん)' means 'daily necessities'. This word refers to everyday items that are commonly used in daily life, such as toothbrushes, soap, kitchen utensils, and other household goods. These items are essential for routine activities and are typically purchased frequently. Example: I need to buy daily necessities 「日用品を買う必要がある」 (にちようひんをかうひつようがある). This store has a wide range of daily necessities 「この店は日用品の品揃えが豊富だ」 (このみせはにちようひんのしなぞろえがほうふだ). The term is commonly used in shopping contexts and when referring to household management.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5471

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step

Reading

Kanji

段Step, Stairs

Explanation

The Japanese noun '段 (だん)' primarily means 'step' or 'stair'. It refers to a single level in a staircase or a stage in a process. This word is commonly used in contexts involving physical steps or metaphorical stages. For example: Please be careful on the steps「段に気をつけてください」(だんにきをつけてください). We are now at the final stage of the project「プロジェクトの最終段階です」(プロジェクトのさいしゅうだんかいです). Additionally, '段' can also refer to a rank or level in a hierarchy, though this usage is less common. For example: He has reached a high rank in the company「彼は会社で高い段に達しました」(かれはかいしゃでたかいだんにたっしました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5472

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stubbornness, Disposition

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '意地 (いじ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'stubbornness', referring to a person's obstinate or unyielding nature. For example: He showed his stubbornness「彼は意地を見せた」(かれはいじをみせた). The second meaning is 'disposition', referring to a person's inherent qualities of mind and character. For example: She has a kind disposition「彼女は優しい意地を持っている」(かのじょはやさしいいじをもっている). The word can carry a slightly negative connotation when used to describe stubbornness, but it is neutral when referring to one's disposition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5476

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vinegar

Reading

Kanji

酢Vinegar

Explanation

The Japanese noun '酢 (す)' means 'vinegar'. It refers to the sour liquid made through fermentation, commonly used in cooking, seasoning, or preserving food. In Japanese cuisine, vinegar is a key ingredient in dishes like sushi rice, salads, and pickles. Example sentences: I added vinegar to the salad「サラダに酢を入れました」(サラダにすをいれました). This vinegar is very sour「この酢はとても酸っぱいです」(このすはとてもすっぱいです). Vinegar is also used in traditional Japanese remedies and cleaning due to its antibacterial properties.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5479

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cedar

Reading

Kanji

杉Cedar, Cryptomeria

Explanation

The Japanese noun '杉 (すぎ)' refers to the cedar tree, specifically the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). This tree is native to Japan and is commonly found in forests, temples, and shrines. It is known for its tall, straight trunk and aromatic wood, which is often used in construction and for making furniture. Example sentences: The cedar tree is tall「杉の木は高い」(すぎのきはたかい). The temple is surrounded by cedar trees「その寺は杉に囲まれている」(そのてらはすぎにかこまれている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5480

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Physique

Reading

Kanji

体Body 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体格 (たいかく)' refers to a person's physical build or body structure. It is commonly used to describe someone's overall body size, shape, or constitution. For example: He has a strong physique「彼は体格がいい」(かれはたいかくがいい). Her physique is delicate「彼女の体格は華奢だ」(かのじょのたいかくはきゃしゃだ). This word is often used in contexts related to health, fitness, or physical appearance. It can also be used in medical or sports-related discussions to describe someone's physical condition or capabilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5482

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mood, Complexion

Reading

Kanji

顔Face 色Color

Explanation

The Japanese noun '顔色 (かおいろ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a person's complexion or the color of their face, often used to describe someone's health or physical state. For example: Her complexion looks pale「彼女の顔色が青い」(かのじょのかおいろがあおい). The second meaning refers to a person's mood or emotional state, often inferred from their facial expression. For example: I could tell his mood from his expression「彼の顔色で気持ちがわかった」(かれのかおいろできもちがわかった). This word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5484

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Used, Secondhand

Reading

Kanji

中Center 古Old

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中古 (ちゅうこ)' refers to items that are used or secondhand. It is commonly used to describe products like cars, electronics, or furniture that have been previously owned. For example: I bought a used car「中古の車を買いました」(ちゅうこのくるまをかいました). This store sells secondhand books「この店は中古の本を売っています」(このみせはちゅうこのほんをうっています). The term emphasizes that the item is not new but still functional and often available at a lower price.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5485

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Return, Reinstatement

Reading

Kanji

復Restore 帰Return

Explanation

The Japanese noun '復帰 (ふっき)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'return', which refers to the act of going back to a previous state, position, or place. For example: He returned to his hometown「彼は故郷に復帰した」(かれはふるさとにふっきした). The second meaning is 'reinstatement', which refers to the restoration of a previous status, position, or condition. For example: The employee was reinstated after the investigation「その従業員は調査後に復帰した」(そのじゅうぎょういんはちょうさごにふっきした). This word is often used in contexts involving recovery, restoration, or resumption of a previous state.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compensation

Reading

Kanji

補Supplement 償Recompense, Reparation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '補償 (ほしょう)' means 'compensation'. It refers to something given to make up for a loss, damage, or inconvenience. This term is often used in legal, financial, or workplace contexts. For example: The company provided compensation for the damages「会社は損害の補償をした」(かいしゃはそんがいのほしょうをした). Compensation for the accident was paid「事故の補償が支払われた」(じこのほしょうがしはらわれた). The word can also imply reparation or restitution in broader contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5487

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Low temperature

Reading

Kanji

低Low 温Warm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '低温 (ていおん)' means 'low temperature'. It refers to a state or condition where the temperature is significantly lower than normal or average. This term is commonly used in scientific, meteorological, and everyday contexts to describe cold environments or conditions. For example: The low temperature today is 5 degrees Celsius「今日の低温は5度です」(きょうのていおんはごどです). This food should be stored at low temperature「この食品は低温で保存するべきです」(このしょくひんはていおんでほぞんするべきです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5491

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Friendship

Reading

Kanji

友Friend 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '友情 (ゆうじょう)' means 'friendship'. It refers to the close bond or relationship between friends, characterized by mutual affection, trust, and support. This word is often used in contexts emphasizing deep, enduring connections between people. For example: Their friendship is strong「彼らの友情は強い」(かれらのゆうじょうはつよい). I value our friendship「私は私たちの友情を大切にする」(わたしはわたしたちのゆうじょうをたいせつにする). The word can also appear in phrases like '友情を築く (ゆうじょうをきずく)' (to build a friendship) or '友情の証 (ゆうじょうのあかし)' (proof of friendship).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Humanity

Reading

Kanji

人Person 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人情 (にんじょう)' refers to 'humanity' or 'human kindness', often emphasizing the emotional and compassionate aspects of human nature. It is commonly used to describe the warmth, empathy, and emotional bonds between people. For example: he is a person full of humanity「彼は人情に厚い人だ」(かれはにんじょうにあついひとだ). This town is known for its humanity「この町は人情が厚いことで知られている」(このまちはにんじょうがあついことでしられている). The term is often used in contexts where human relationships and emotional connections are highlighted, such as in literature or everyday conversations about kindness and empathy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5493

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forest

Reading

Kanji

森Forest 林Grove

Explanation

The Japanese noun '森林 (しんりん)' means 'forest'. It refers to a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth. This word is often used in contexts related to nature, ecology, and geography. For example: the forest is dense「森林は密です」(しんりんはみつです). We went hiking in the forest「私たちは森林でハイキングをしました」(わたしたちはしんりんでハイキングをしました). The term can also be used in more formal or scientific contexts, such as discussing forest conservation or biodiversity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5494

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Waterfall

Reading

Kanji

滝Waterfall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '滝 (たき)' means 'waterfall'. It refers to a natural feature where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops in the course of a stream or river. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and formal contexts when discussing nature or geographical features. For example: The waterfall is beautiful「滝が美しい」(たきがうつくしい). Let's go see the waterfall「滝を見に行こう」(たきをみにいこう). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that flows or cascades, such as a 'waterfall of light'「光の滝」(ひかりのたき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5495

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bankruptcy

Reading

Kanji

破Break, Tear 産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '破産 (はさん)' means 'bankruptcy'. This term is used in legal and financial contexts to describe the state of being unable to pay outstanding debts. It can refer to both individuals and businesses. For example: he declared bankruptcy「彼は破産を宣告した」(かれははさんをせんこくした). The company went bankrupt「その会社は破産した」(そのかいしゃははさんした). In Japanese law, bankruptcy is a formal legal process that involves the liquidation of assets to pay off creditors. The term can also be used metaphorically to describe a complete failure or collapse, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5496

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reporting

Reading

Kanji

報Report, News 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '報道 (ほうどう)' means 'reporting' or 'news coverage'. It refers to the act of gathering and disseminating information, particularly through media outlets like newspapers, television, or online platforms. This term is often used in contexts related to journalism and mass communication. For example: The media is reporting on the incident「メディアはその事件を報道している」(メディアはそのじけんをほうどうしている). Accurate reporting is important「正確な報道が重要だ」(せいかくなほうどうがじゅうようだ). The word can also be used in compound terms like '報道機関 (ほうどうきかん)' (news organization) or '報道陣 (ほうどうじん)' (press corps).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5499

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Telegram

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 報Report, News

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電報 (でんぽう)' refers to a 'telegram', which is a message sent by telegraph and then delivered in written or printed form. This term is somewhat outdated in modern times due to the prevalence of digital communication, but it is still understood and occasionally used in formal or historical contexts. Example sentences: I received a telegram「電報を受け取った」(でんぽうをうけとった). Send a telegram to inform them「彼らに知らせるために電報を送る」(かれらにしらせるためにでんぽうをおくる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5500

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Used book

Reading

Kanji

古Old 本Book, Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '古本 (ふるほん)' refers to a 'used book' or 'second-hand book'. This term is commonly used in contexts such as bookstores or markets where pre-owned books are sold. It emphasizes that the book is not new and has been previously owned or read. For example: I bought a used book「古本を買いました」(ふるほんをかいました). This bookstore sells used books「この本屋は古本を売っています」(このほんやはふるほんをうっています). The term can also imply a sense of nostalgia or history associated with the book.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lyrics

Reading

Kanji

歌Song 詞Poetry, Words

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歌詞 (かし)' refers to the 'lyrics' of a song. It specifically denotes the words or text that make up a song, as opposed to the melody or music. This word is commonly used in contexts related to music, singing, or songwriting. For example: I wrote the lyrics for this song「この歌の歌詞を書きました」(このうたのかしをかきました). The lyrics of this song are beautiful「この歌の歌詞は美しい」(このうたのかしはうつくしい). It is important to note that '歌詞' is always used in the context of songs and not for other types of written or spoken words.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loss

Reading

Kanji

喪Loss, Mourn, Mourning 失Lose, Fault

Explanation

The Japanese noun '喪失 (そうしつ)' means 'loss'. It refers to the state of losing something important, such as a person, object, or abstract concept like hope or identity. This word is often used in emotional or serious contexts, such as grief or significant life changes. For example: the loss of a loved one「愛する人を喪失する」(あいするひとをそうしつする). A sense of loss「喪失感」(そうしつかん). It can also be used in broader contexts, such as the loss of trust「信頼の喪失」(しんらいのそうしつ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5504

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dividend

Reading

Kanji

配Distribute 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '配当 (はいとう)' primarily refers to a 'dividend', which is a sum of money paid regularly by a company to its shareholders out of its profits. This term is commonly used in financial and business contexts. For example: The company announced a high dividend「その会社は高い配当を発表した」(そのかいしゃはたかいはいとうをはっぴょうした). Investors are happy with the dividend「投資家は配当に満足している」(とうしかはいとうにまんぞくしている). Additionally, '配当' can sometimes refer to the distribution or allocation of resources, but this usage is less common and typically context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Insult

Reading

Kanji

悪Evil 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悪口 (わるくち)' refers to 'insult' or 'bad-mouthing'. It is used to describe negative or harmful words spoken about someone, often behind their back. This term carries a strong connotation of being hurtful or disrespectful. For example: She was hurt by the insults「彼女は悪口に傷ついた」(かのじょはわるくちにきずついた). Don't speak ill of others「他人の悪口を言わないで」(たにんのわるくちをいわないで). The word is commonly used in contexts where gossip or slander is involved, and it is generally considered inappropriate behavior in Japanese culture.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5506

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lightness

Reading

Kanji

軽Lightly

Explanation

The Japanese noun '軽 (けい)' primarily refers to 'lightness' in terms of weight or seriousness. It can describe physical objects that are not heavy, as well as abstract concepts like a light mood or a minor issue. For example: This bag is light「このバッグは軽だ」(このバッグはけいだ). He has a light personality「彼は軽な性格だ」(かれはけいなせいかくだ). Note that '軽' is often used in compound words to convey the idea of lightness or ease, such as '軽食 (けいしょく)' meaning 'light meal'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5508

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Poison

Reading

Kanji

毒Poison

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毒 (どく)' means 'poison'. It refers to a substance that can cause illness, injury, or death when introduced into or absorbed by a living organism. This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: this mushroom is poisonous「このキノコは毒です」(このきのこはどくです). His words were like poison「彼の言葉は毒のようだった」(かれのことばはどくのようだった). In some contexts, '毒' can also imply something harmful or detrimental, even if not literally poisonous.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5509

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Affair

Reading

Kanji

不Not 倫Principles, Ethics

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不倫 (ふりん)' refers to an extramarital affair or infidelity. It is used to describe a romantic or sexual relationship that occurs outside of marriage, often implying betrayal or moral wrongdoing. This term carries a strong negative connotation in Japanese society. Example sentences: She had an affair with her coworker「彼女は同僚と不倫をしていた」(かのじょはどうりょうとふりんをしていた). The scandal exposed his affair「そのスキャンダルで彼の不倫が明るみに出た」(そのスキャンダルでかれのふりんがあかるみにでた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5510

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Caution

Reading

Kanji

用Use 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '用心 (ようじん)' means 'caution' or 'carefulness'. It is used to describe the act of being careful or taking precautions to avoid danger or mistakes. This word is often used in contexts where one needs to be vigilant or alert. For example: Please be cautious when crossing the street「道を渡るときは用心してください」(みちをわたるときはようじんしてください). He is always cautious about his health「彼はいつも健康に用心している」(かれはいつもけんこうにようじんしている). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '用心深い (ようじんぶかい)', meaning 'cautious' or 'prudent'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5514

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year end party

Reading

Kanji

忘Forget 年Year 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '忘年会 (ぼうねんかい)' refers to a 'year-end party'. This is a traditional event held in Japan at the end of the year, typically in December, where colleagues, friends, or groups gather to celebrate the passing year and forget the hardships or troubles of the past year. The word itself combines '忘年' (forgetting the year) and '会' (gathering/party). These parties often involve food, drinks, and sometimes karaoke. Example sentences: Let's have a year-end party「忘年会をしましょう」(ぼうねんかいをしましょう). The company's year-end party was fun「会社の忘年会は楽しかった」(かいしゃのぼうねんかいはたのしかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5515

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Well

Reading

Kanji

井Well 戸Door

Explanation

The Japanese noun '井戸 (いど)' refers to a 'well', specifically a water well dug into the ground to access groundwater. This term is commonly used in both rural and historical contexts, as wells were a primary source of water in traditional Japanese households. For example: There is a well in the garden「庭に井戸がある」(にわにいどがある). The water from the well is cold「井戸の水は冷たい」(いどのみずはつめたい). In modern times, wells are less common due to the prevalence of tap water, but the term remains relevant in discussions about traditional architecture or rural life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5517

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vacation

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 暇Free time, Spare time

Explanation

The Japanese noun '休暇 (きゅうか)' means 'vacation' or 'holiday'. It refers to a period of time when someone takes a break from work, school, or other regular duties. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as requesting time off from work. For example: I will take a vacation next week「来週休暇を取ります」(らいしゅうきゅうかをとります). The company granted me a week of vacation「会社は私に1週間の休暇を与えました」(かいしゃはわたしにいっしゅうかんのきゅうかをあたえました). Note that '休暇' is more formal than '休み (やすみ)', which is a more casual term for a break or day off.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Substance

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実体 (じったい)' refers to the 'substance' or 'true nature' of something. It is often used in philosophical or abstract contexts to describe the essence or reality behind appearances. For example: the substance of the problem「問題の実体」(もんだいのじったい). The true nature of the phenomenon「現象の実体」(げんしょうのじったい). This word can also be used in legal or business contexts to refer to the actual entity or organization behind a name or title, such as 'the entity behind the company name'「会社名の実体」(かいしゃめいのじったい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5519

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Notice

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 知Know

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '通知 (つうち)' means 'notice' or 'notification'. It refers to the act of informing someone about something, often in an official or formal manner. This word is commonly used in contexts such as official announcements, legal notices, or updates from organizations. For example: I received a notice from the school「学校から通知を受けました」(がっこうからつうちをうけました). Please send a notification to all members「全員に通知を送ってください」(ぜんいんにつうちをおくってください). The word can also imply a sense of obligation or importance, as in 'notification of changes' (変更の通知, へんこうのつうち).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ignorance

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 知Know

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無知 (むち)' means 'ignorance'. It refers to a lack of knowledge, awareness, or understanding about something. This term is often used to describe a state of being uninformed or unaware, and it can carry a slightly negative connotation depending on the context. For example: His ignorance is astonishing「彼の無知には驚かされる」(かれのむちにはおどろかされる). Ignorance is not always bliss「無知は必ずしも幸福ではない」(むちはかならずしもこうふくではない). The word can also be used in a more neutral or descriptive sense, such as in the phrase '無知な人 (むちなひと)', which means 'an ignorant person'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5523

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hypothesis

Reading

Kanji

仮Temporary 説Theory, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仮説 (かせつ)' means 'hypothesis'. It refers to a proposed explanation or assumption made on the basis of limited evidence, used as a starting point for further investigation. This term is commonly used in scientific, academic, or analytical contexts. For example: The scientist proposed a new hypothesis「科学者は新しい仮説を提案した」(かがくしゃはあたらしいかせつをていあんした). Testing the hypothesis is the next step「仮説を検証することが次のステップだ」(かせつをけんしょうすることがつぎのステップだ). The word can also be used in everyday contexts to describe a tentative idea or theory.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5524

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Battlefield

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戦場 (せんじょう)' means 'battlefield'. This term refers to the physical location where a battle or war takes place. It can be used both literally and metaphorically. For example: The soldiers fought bravely on the battlefield「兵士たちは戦場で勇敢に戦った」(へいしたちはせんじょうでゆうかんにたたかった). Life can sometimes feel like a battlefield「人生は時々戦場のように感じることがある」(じんせいはときどきせんじょうのようにかんじることがある). The word can also be used in historical contexts or in discussions about war and conflict.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5525

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Capable

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有能 (ゆうのう)' means 'capable' or 'competent'. It is used to describe someone who has the ability, skill, or talent to perform tasks effectively. This word is often used in professional or formal contexts to praise someone's abilities. For example: He is a capable employee「彼は有能な社員です」(かれはゆうのうなしゃいんです). She is competent at her job「彼女は仕事に有能です」(かのじょはしごとにゆうのうです). Note that '有能' is often followed by the particle 'な' when modifying a noun, as in '有能な人 (ゆうのうなひと) (capable person)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intelligence

Reading

Kanji

知Know 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese noun '知能 (ちのう)' refers to 'intelligence' or 'mental capacity'. It is used to describe the cognitive abilities of a person or, in some cases, artificial systems. This term is often used in contexts related to psychology, education, and technology. For example: artificial intelligence「人工知能」(じんこうちのう). His intelligence is remarkable「彼の知能は素晴らしい」(かれのちのうはすばらしい). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '知能指数 (ちのうしすう)' (intelligence quotient or IQ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5529

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Incompetent

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無能 (むのう)' means 'incompetent'. It is used to describe someone who lacks the necessary skills, ability, or capacity to perform a task or fulfill a role effectively. This term carries a strong negative connotation and is often used in critical or evaluative contexts. For example: He is incompetent at his job「彼は仕事で無能だ」(かれはしごとでむのうだ). The manager was deemed incompetent「そのマネージャーは無能だと見なされた」(そのマネージャーはむのうだとみなされた). Note that '無能' is typically used to describe people rather than objects or situations.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Avoidance

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times 避Avoid, Dodge

Explanation

The Japanese noun '回避 (かいひ)' means 'avoidance'. It refers to the act of avoiding or evading something, such as a problem, responsibility, or danger. This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as legal, psychological, or strategic discussions. For example: avoidance of responsibility「責任の回避」(せきにんのかいひ). The company avoided the issue「会社は問題を回避した」(かいしゃはもんだいをかいひした). In some contexts, it can also imply a deliberate or strategic evasion, such as in 'risk avoidance' (リスク回避, りすくかいひ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5532

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Latest

Reading

Kanji

最Most 新New

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最新 (さいしん)' means 'latest' or 'most recent'. It is used to describe something that is the newest or most up-to-date in its category. This word is often used in contexts related to technology, news, fashion, and other fields where staying current is important. For example: the latest information「最新の情報」(さいしんのじょうほう). The latest model of the car「最新の車のモデル」(さいしんのくるまのモデル). It can also be used to describe trends or developments, as in 'the latest trend'「最新のトレンド」(さいしんのトレンド). Note that '最新' is often used as a noun modifier, such as in '最新技術 (さいしんぎじゅつ)' (latest technology).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5533

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loan, Borrowing

Reading

Kanji

貸Lend, Loan 借Borrow, Rent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '貸借 (たいしゃく)' refers to the act of lending or borrowing, often used in financial or legal contexts. It can describe both the action of lending something (貸す) and borrowing something (借りる). For example: The loan agreement was signed「貸借契約が結ばれた」(たいしゃくけいやくがむすばれた). He is responsible for the borrowing「彼は貸借の責任者です」(かれはたいしゃくのせきにんしゃです). This term is commonly used in accounting to describe liabilities and assets, such as in '貸借対照表 (たいしゃくたいしょうひょう)' (balance sheet).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5534

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Anxiety

Reading

Kanji

不Not 安Cheap, Relax

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不安 (ふあん)' primarily means 'anxiety' or 'unease'. It describes a feeling of worry, nervousness, or fear about something uncertain or potentially negative. It is often used to express emotional states related to uncertainty or insecurity. For example: I feel anxiety about the future「将来に不安を感じる」(しょうらいにふあんをかんじる). Her voice was filled with unease「彼女の声には不安が溢れていた」(かのじょのこえにはふあんがあふれていた). This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to describe emotional distress or concern.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5538

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dissatisfaction

Reading

Kanji

不Not 満Full

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不満 (ふまん)' means 'dissatisfaction'. It is used to express a feeling of discontent or unhappiness with a situation, condition, or outcome. This word is often used in contexts where someone feels that something is lacking or not meeting their expectations. For example: He expressed dissatisfaction with the results「彼は結果に不満を述べた」(かれはけっかにふまんをのべた). There is dissatisfaction among the employees「従業員の間に不満がある」(じゅうぎょういんのあいだにふまんがある). It can also be used to describe a general state of dissatisfaction, as in '不満な気持ち (ふまんなきもち) (a feeling of dissatisfaction)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5539

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lack, Shortage

Reading

Kanji

不Not 足Foot, Sufficient

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '不足 (ふそく)' primarily means 'shortage' or 'lack'. It is used to describe a situation where there is not enough of something, whether it be physical items, resources, or abstract concepts like time or effort. For example: There is a shortage of water「水が不足している」(みずがふそくしている). I lack sleep「睡眠が不足している」(すいみんがふそくしている). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as a lack of effort「努力が不足している」(どりょくがふそくしている). The word is often used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate insufficiency.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5540

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impossible

Reading

Kanji

不Not 可Possible 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不可能 (ふかのう)' means 'impossible'. It is used to describe situations, tasks, or events that cannot be achieved or realized. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts to emphasize the unfeasibility of something. For example: It is impossible to finish this task today「このタスクを今日中に終わらせるのは不可能だ」(このタスクをきょうじゅうにおわらせるのはふかのうだ). Climbing that mountain without equipment is impossible「その山を装備なしで登るのは不可能だ」(そのやまをそうびなしでのぼるのはふかのうだ). Note that '不可能' is often used in conjunction with verbs or nouns to express the impossibility of an action or state.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5541

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Insufficient

Reading

Kanji

不Not 十Ten 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不十分 (ふじゅうぶん)' means 'insufficient'. It is used to describe something that lacks the necessary quantity, quality, or completeness. This term is often used in formal or critical contexts to indicate that more is needed or that something is not adequate. For example: The explanation was insufficient「説明が不十分だった」(せつめいがふじゅうぶんだった). The preparation was insufficient「準備が不十分だった」(じゅんびがふじゅうぶんだった). It can also be used to describe abstract concepts, such as efforts or measures, indicating they are not enough to achieve a desired outcome.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appropriate

Reading

Kanji

妥Gentle, Come to terms 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '妥当 (だとう)' means 'appropriate' or 'reasonable'. It is used to describe something that is suitable, fitting, or justifiable in a given context. This word is often used in formal or logical discussions to evaluate whether an action, decision, or idea is reasonable or valid. For example: His opinion is appropriate「彼の意見は妥当だ」(かれのいけんはだとうだ). This plan seems reasonable「このプランは妥当だ」(このプランはだとうだ). The word can also be used in the form '妥当性 (だとうせい)', which means 'validity' or 'reasonableness', often in academic or professional contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feather

Reading

Kanji

羽Feather 根Root

Explanation

The Japanese noun '羽根 (はね)' primarily means 'feather'. It refers to the natural growth on birds that helps them fly. This word can also be used metaphorically or in various contexts, such as in traditional Japanese games or decorations. Example sentences: The bird has beautiful feathers「その鳥は美しい羽根を持っている」(そのとりはうつくしいはねをもっている). I found a feather on the ground「地面に羽根を見つけた」(じめんにはねをみつけた). Note that '羽根' can sometimes refer to the vanes of a shuttlecock in games like badminton, but the primary meaning remains 'feather'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5545

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Majesty

Reading

Kanji

陛Majesty 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '陛下 (へいか)' is a term of respect used to refer to a reigning emperor or empress. It is a formal and honorific title, often used in official or ceremonial contexts. For example: His Majesty the Emperor「天皇陛下」(てんのうへいか). Her Majesty the Empress「皇后陛下」(こうごうへいか). The term is always used with the utmost respect and is not used in casual conversation. It is important to note that '陛下' is not used to refer to oneself or to address someone directly; it is used when speaking about the emperor or empress in the third person.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5546

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Silence

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '無言 (むごん)' means 'silence' or 'wordlessness'. It refers to the state of not speaking or communicating verbally. This word is often used to describe situations where people choose not to speak, either due to discomfort, tension, or as a form of non-verbal communication. For example: the room was filled with silence「部屋は無言に包まれた」(へやはむごんにつつまれた). They exchanged a silent glance「彼らは無言で視線を交わした」(かれらはむごんでしせんをかわした). It can also imply a deliberate choice to remain silent, such as in a protest or to avoid conflict.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5547

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temporary

Reading

Kanji

臨Face, Confront 時Time, Hour

Explanation

The Japanese noun '臨時 (りんじ)' means 'temporary' and is often used to describe something that is not permanent or is arranged for a specific, short-term purpose. It is commonly used in contexts like temporary jobs, events, or measures. For example: They hired temporary staff「彼らは臨時のスタッフを雇った」(かれらはりんじのスタッフをやとう). A temporary meeting was held「臨時の会議が開かれた」(りんじのかいぎがひらかれた). This word is frequently used in formal or business settings to indicate something that is not part of the regular schedule or routine.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5548

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Use

Reading

Kanji

使Use

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '使 (し)' means 'use' and is often attached to nouns to form compound words that indicate the use or application of something. This suffix is commonly used in technical or formal contexts. For example: 電力使 (でんりょくし) means 'electricity use'. 水使 (みずし) means 'water use'. It's important to note that this suffix is not used independently and always follows a noun to create a new word with a specific meaning related to the use of that noun.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5549

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unknown

Reading

Kanji

不Not 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不明 (ふめい)' means 'unknown' or 'unclear'. It is used to describe something that is not known, not understood, or not clear. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as news reports, investigations, or official statements. For example: the cause of death is unknown「死因は不明です」(しいんはふめいです). The whereabouts of the suspect are unclear「容疑者の行方は不明です」(ようぎしゃのゆくえはふめいです). It can also be used to describe something that is uncertain or ambiguous, as in 'the details are unclear'「詳細は不明です」(しょうさいはふめいです).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5552

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bad, Delinquent

Reading

Kanji

不Not 良Good

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不良 (ふりょう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'bad', often referring to something of poor quality or condition. For example: This product is bad「この製品は不良だ」(このせいひんはふりょうだ). The second meaning is 'delinquent', referring to a person, typically a youth, who behaves in a way that is against societal norms or laws. For example: He is a delinquent「彼は不良だ」(かれはふりょうだ). It's important to note that the context in which '不良' is used will determine which meaning is intended. When referring to objects or conditions, it generally means 'bad', while when referring to people, it usually means 'delinquent'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Failure

Reading

Kanji

不Not 合Fit, Match 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不合格 (ふごうかく)' means 'failure' in the context of not meeting a certain standard or requirement, particularly in exams, tests, or qualifications. It is often used to describe the result of not passing an examination or not being accepted into a program. For example: He got a failure on the exam「彼は試験に不合格だった」(かれはしけんにふごうかくだった). The application was rejected due to failure to meet the criteria「その申請は基準を満たさなかったため不合格だった」(そのしんせいはきじゅんをみたさなかったためふごうかくだった). This term carries a formal tone and is commonly used in academic or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feces

Reading

Kanji

大Big 便Convenience

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '大便 (だいべん)' refers to 'feces' or 'excrement'. It is a formal or medical term used to describe bodily waste. This word is often used in clinical or polite contexts, and it is less commonly used in everyday conversation, where more casual terms like 'うんこ' or 'うんち' might be preferred. For example: The doctor asked about his feces「医者は彼の大便について尋ねた」(いしゃはかれのだいべんについてたずねた). Please dispose of the feces properly「大便を適切に処理してください」(だいべんをてきせつにしょりしてください). Note that this term is neutral in tone but may sound overly formal in casual settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5556

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number

Reading

Kanji

番Turn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '番 (ばん)' primarily means 'number' and is often used to indicate order, sequence, or ranking. It can also refer to one's turn or shift in a rotation. For example: What is your number?「あなたの番号は何番ですか？」(あなたのばんごうはなんばんですか？). It's my turn「私の番です」(わたしのばんです). Additionally, '番' can be used in contexts like sports to denote a match or game, such as in 'soccer match'『サッカーの試合の番』(サッカーのしあいのばん). This word is versatile and context-dependent, so its exact meaning can shift slightly based on usage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5557

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strength

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '長所 (ちょうしょ)' means 'strength' or 'strong point'. It refers to a positive quality or advantage that someone or something possesses. This word is often used in contexts where discussing personal traits, skills, or characteristics of objects. For example: His strength is his kindness「彼の長所は優しさです」(かれのちょうしょはやさしさです). One of the strengths of this product is its durability「この製品の長所の一つは耐久性です」(このせいひんのちょうしょのひとつはたいきゅうせいです). It is commonly used in self-introductions, evaluations, or when giving compliments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5558

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Current, Existing

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '現行 (げんこう)' refers to something that is currently in effect, in operation, or existing. It is often used in contexts such as laws, systems, or practices that are presently active or being used. For example: the current law「現行の法律」(げんこうのほうりつ). The existing system「現行のシステム」(げんこうのシステム). It can also be used to describe something that is currently happening or being implemented, as in 'the current plan'「現行の計画」(げんこうのけいかく).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5561

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practical

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実用 (じつよう)' refers to something being practical or having practical use. It is often used to describe objects, ideas, or methods that are functional and useful in real-life situations. For example: This tool is very practical「この道具は実用的です」(このどうぐはじつようてきです). The book focuses on practical applications「その本は実用に焦点を当てています」(そのほんはじつようにしょうてんをあてています). The term emphasizes utility and functionality over theoretical or abstract qualities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5562

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Generation

Reading

Kanji

生Life 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生成 (せいせい)' primarily means 'generation' or 'creation'. It refers to the process of producing or bringing something into existence. This term is often used in contexts related to technology, biology, or abstract concepts. For example: the generation of electricity「電気の生成」(でんきのせいせい). The creation of new ideas「新しいアイデアの生成」(あたらしいアイデアのせいせい). In some contexts, it can also imply the natural formation or development of something, such as the formation of clouds「雲の生成」(くものせいせい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agricultural cooperative

Reading

Kanji

農Agriculture 協Cooperate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '農協 (のうきょう)' refers to an 'agricultural cooperative', which is an organization formed by farmers to collectively manage the production, distribution, and sale of agricultural products. These cooperatives play a significant role in Japan's agricultural sector, providing services such as purchasing supplies, marketing produce, and offering financial services to their members. Example sentences: The agricultural cooperative supports local farmers「農協は地元の農家を支援しています」(のうきょうはじもとののうかをしえんしています). I bought rice from the agricultural cooperative「農協から米を買いました」(のうきょうからこめをかいました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5564

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weakness

Reading

Kanji

短Short 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '短所 (たんしょ)' means 'weakness' or 'shortcoming'. It refers to a negative aspect or flaw in a person, object, or situation. This term is often used in self-reflection, evaluations, or discussions about improvement. For example: Everyone has weaknesses「誰にでも短所がある」(だれにでもたんしょがある). His weakness is impatience「彼の短所はせっかちなことだ」(かれのたんしょはせっかちなことだ). It is commonly paired with its opposite, '長所 (ちょうしょ)', meaning 'strength' or 'merit', to provide a balanced perspective.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parts, Spots

Reading

Kanji

所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '所々 (ところどころ)' refers to various spots or parts of something, often implying that these spots or parts are scattered or not continuous. It can be used to describe physical locations, as well as abstract concepts like ideas or stories. For example: There are spots of snow on the ground「地面に所々雪がある」(じめんにところどころゆきがある). The story has parts that are hard to understand「その話は所々わかりにくい」(そのはなしはところどころわかりにくい). This word is often used to indicate that something is not uniform or consistent throughout.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5566

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Master

Reading

Kanji

名Name 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名人 (めいじん)' refers to a person who has achieved a high level of skill or expertise in a particular field, often to the point of being considered a master. This term is commonly used in contexts such as arts, crafts, games, and other specialized areas. For example: He is a master of calligraphy「彼は書道の名人です」(かれはしょどうのめいじんです). She is a master chef「彼女は料理の名人です」(かのじょはりょうりのめいじんです). The term carries a sense of respect and admiration for the individual's skill and dedication.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5567

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Famous place

Reading

Kanji

名Name 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名所 (めいしょ)' refers to a 'famous place' or 'notable spot', typically one that is well-known for its scenic beauty, historical significance, or cultural importance. It is often used in the context of tourism or travel. For example: Kyoto is full of famous places「京都には名所がたくさんある」(きょうとにはめいしょがたくさんある). We visited a famous place in Nara「奈良の名所を訪れました」(ならのめいしょをおとずれました). The term can also be used to describe landmarks or attractions within a city or region.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5568

Composition

kanji

Handwriting