Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

System, Type

Reading

Kanji

系Lineage

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '系 (けい)' can mean 'system' or 'type', depending on the context. When used to mean 'system', it refers to a group of interconnected elements or a structured method. For example: the solar system「太陽系」(たいようけい). When used to mean 'type', it categorizes things based on shared characteristics. For example: blood type「血液型」(けつえきがた) is sometimes referred to as '血液系' in informal contexts. This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words, and its meaning can vary slightly depending on the word it is attached to.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

524

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self

Reading

Kanji

自Self 己Oneself

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自己 (じこ)' means 'self'. It refers to one's own identity, personality, or being. This term is often used in contexts related to psychology, philosophy, or self-reflection. For example: self-introduction「自己紹介」(じこしょうかい). He is reflecting on himself「彼は自己を反省している」(かれはじこをはんせいしている). The term can also be used in compound words to express concepts related to the self, such as 'self-control' (自己制御, じこせいぎょ) or 'self-esteem' (自己評価, じこひょうか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

525

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thing, Guy

Reading

Kanji

奴Servant, Dude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奴 (やつ)' is a colloquial term that can refer to a person or a thing, often with a slightly derogatory or informal tone. When referring to a person, it translates to 'guy' or 'fellow', and when referring to an object, it translates to 'thing'. It is commonly used in casual conversations and can carry a sense of familiarity or disdain depending on the context. For example: That guy is annoying「あの奴はうるさい」(あのやつはうるさい). What is that thing?「あの奴は何？」(あのやつはなに？). Note that while it can be used neutrally, it often implies a lack of respect or seriousness, so it should be used carefully in formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Army

Reading

Kanji

軍Army

Explanation

The Japanese noun '軍 (ぐん)' refers to an 'army' or 'military force'. It is commonly used to describe organized groups of soldiers or armed forces, often in the context of warfare or national defense. This term can also be used metaphorically to describe large groups or forces in non-military contexts. For example: The army is strong「その軍は強い」(そのぐんはつよい). He joined the army「彼は軍に入った」(かれはぐんにはいった). In historical or literary contexts, it may also refer to specific military units or factions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

527

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sea

Reading

Kanji

海Sea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '海 (うみ)' means 'sea'. It refers to the large body of salt water that covers most of the Earth's surface. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and literature to describe the ocean or a specific sea. For example: I went to the sea「海に行きました」(うみにいきました). The sea is beautiful today「今日の海はきれいです」(きょうのうみはきれいです). It can also be used in compound words, such as '海辺 (うみべ)' meaning 'seaside' or 'beach'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

532

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Three hundred

Reading

Kanji

三Three 百Hundred

Explanation

The Japanese noun '三百 (さんびゃく)' means 'three hundred'. It is a numerical term used to denote the quantity or number 300. This word is often used in contexts involving counting, measurements, or quantities. For example: there are three hundred people「三百人がいます」(さんびゃくにんがいます). The price is three hundred yen「値段は三百円です」(ねだんはさんびゃくえんです). Note that '三百' is a specific number and is not used metaphorically or abstractly.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

535

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year before last

Reading

Kanji

一One 昨Yesterday, Previous 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一昨年 (おととし)' refers to 'the year before last'. It is used to indicate the year that is two years prior to the current year. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts when referring to events or occurrences that happened two years ago. For example: I visited Japan the year before last「一昨年、日本を訪れました」(おととし、にほんをおとずれました). The year before last was very cold「一昨年はとても寒かった」(おととしはとてもさむかった). It's important to note that '一昨年' is a specific term and should not be confused with '去年 (きょねん)', which means 'last year'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

536

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Day before yesterday

Reading

Kanji

一One 昨Yesterday, Previous 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一昨日 (おととい)' refers to 'the day before yesterday'. It is used to specify a day two days prior to the current day. This word is commonly used in daily conversations to refer to past events. For example: I met him the day before yesterday「一昨日彼に会った」(おとといかれにあった). The day before yesterday was rainy「一昨日は雨だった」(おとといはあめだった). Note that this word is a single noun and does not require additional particles when used in a sentence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

537

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Product

Reading

Kanji

商Trade, Deal 品Product

Explanation

The Japanese noun '商品 (しょうひん)' refers to a 'product' or 'goods' that are manufactured or produced for sale. It is commonly used in contexts related to commerce, retail, and business. For example: This store sells high-quality products「この店は高品質の商品を売っています」(このみせはこうひんしつのしょうひんをうっています). The new product will be released next month「新しい商品は来月発売されます」(あたらしいしょうひんはらいげつはつばいされます). The term can also refer to items available for purchase in a store or online, emphasizing their commercial value.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

538

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dislike

Reading

Kanji

嫌Dislike

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '嫌 (いや)' means 'dislike' or 'unpleasant'. It is used to express a negative feeling towards something or someone, indicating that the subject is undesirable or disagreeable. This word can be used in various contexts, such as expressing personal preferences, discomfort, or refusal. For example: I dislike that person「あの人が嫌です」(あのひとがいやです). This food is unpleasant「この食べ物は嫌です」(このたべものはいやです). It can also be used to politely refuse an offer or request, as in 'No, thank you'「いや、結構です」(いや、けっこうです). Note that '嫌' can sometimes carry a stronger connotation of aversion or repulsion depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

539

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Husband

Reading

Kanji

夫Man, Husband

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夫 (おっと)' means 'husband'. It is used to refer to a married man in relation to his spouse. This term is neutral and commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: my husband is kind「私の夫は優しい」(わたしのおっとはやさしい). Her husband works at a bank「彼女の夫は銀行で働いています」(かのじょのおっとはぎんこうではたらいています). Note that '夫' is more formal than other terms like '主人 (しゅじん)' or '旦那 (だんな)', which can also mean 'husband' but carry different nuances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ceremony, Formula

Reading

Kanji

式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese noun '式 (しき)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'ceremony', referring to formal events such as weddings, funerals, or other rituals. For example: The wedding ceremony was beautiful「結婚式は美しかった」(けっこんしきはうつくしかった). The second meaning is 'formula', often used in mathematical, scientific, or technical contexts. For example: This formula is difficult to understand「この式は理解しにくい」(このしきはりかいしにくい). The word '式' is versatile and its meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flower

Reading

Kanji

花Flower

Explanation

The Japanese noun '花 (はな)' means 'flower'. It refers to the bloom or blossom of a plant, often associated with beauty, nature, and seasons. This word is commonly used in contexts related to gardens, festivals, or metaphors for life and transience. For example: The cherry blossoms are beautiful「桜の花がきれいです」(さくらのはながきれいです). I bought flowers for my mother「母に花を買いました」(ははにはなをかいました). '花' is also used in idiomatic expressions and compound words, such as '花見 (はなみ)' (flower viewing) or '花火 (はなび)' (fireworks).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

546

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Simultaneous

Reading

Kanji

同Same 時Time, Hour

Explanation

The Japanese noun '同時 (どうじ)' means 'simultaneous' or 'at the same time'. It is used to describe events or actions that occur concurrently. This word is often used in contexts where timing or synchronization is important, such as in technology, events, or daily activities. For example: The two events happened simultaneously「二つのイベントが同時に起こった」(ふたつのイベントがどうじにおこった). We started running at the same time「私たちは同時に走り始めた」(わたしたちはどうじにはしりはじめた). The word can also be used in phrases like '同時通訳 (どうじつうやく)' which means 'simultaneous interpretation'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

547

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year

Reading

Kanji

年Year 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年間 (ねんかん)' refers to a period of one year or an annual basis. It is commonly used to describe events, statistics, or activities that occur over the course of a year. For example: annual sales「年間売上」(ねんかんうりあげ). This word can also be used to specify a particular year, such as in 'last year'「昨年間」(さくねんかん). It is important to note that '年間' is often used in contexts involving time frames, schedules, or reports that span a full year.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

548

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Target, Subject

Reading

Kanji

対Against 象Elephant, Phenomenon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '対象 (たいしょう)' can mean 'target' or 'subject', depending on the context. When used as 'target', it refers to something or someone that is the focus of an action, such as in marketing or research. For example: the target of this campaign is young people「このキャンペーンの対象は若者です」(このキャンペーンのたいしょうはわかものです). When used as 'subject', it refers to the main topic or theme of discussion or study. For example: the subject of today's lecture is Japanese history「今日の講義の対象は日本の歴史です」(きょうのこうぎのたいしょうはにほんのれきしです). The word is versatile and can be used in various fields, including business, education, and research.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

551

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many

Reading

Kanji

沢Marsh, Swamp 山Mountain

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '沢山 (たくさん)' means 'many' or 'a lot'. It is used to indicate a large quantity of something, whether it be objects, people, or abstract concepts. It can be used in both positive and neutral contexts. For example: There are many books「本が沢山ある」(ほんがたくさんある). I ate a lot「沢山食べた」(たくさんたべた). Note that '沢山' is often used in casual conversation and can also imply 'enough' or 'plenty' in certain contexts, such as 'That's enough, thank you'「もう沢山です、ありがとう」(もうたくさんです、ありがとう).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ship

Reading

Kanji

船Ship

Explanation

The Japanese noun '船 (ふね)' means 'ship' or 'boat'. It refers to a watercraft used for transportation on water, ranging from small boats to large ships. This word is commonly used in contexts involving travel, fishing, or maritime activities. For example: The ship is big「船は大きい」(ふねはおおきい). I boarded the ship「船に乗った」(ふねにのった). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that carries or transports, such as a 'ship of dreams'「夢の船」(ゆめのふね).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Male

Reading

Kanji

男Man 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '男性 (だんせい)' means 'male'. It refers to the male gender and is commonly used to describe adult men. This term is neutral and can be used in formal and informal contexts. For example: He is a male teacher「彼は男性の先生です」(かれはだんせいのせんせいです). The male population is increasing「男性の人口が増えています」(だんせいのじんこうがふえています). It is often used in contrast to '女性 (じょせい)', which means 'female'. The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '男性用 (だんせいよう)', meaning 'for men'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

556

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Value

Reading

Kanji

価Price 値Value, Price

Explanation

The Japanese noun '価値 (かち)' means 'value'. It refers to the worth, importance, or usefulness of something, whether tangible or intangible. This word is often used in contexts discussing economic value, moral value, or the significance of an object, idea, or action. For example: This painting has great value「この絵は大きな価値がある」(このえはおおきなかちがある). The value of hard work is immeasurable「努力の価値は計り知れない」(どりょくのかちははかりしれない). It can also be used in phrases like '価値観 (かちかん)' meaning 'values' or 'sense of values'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

561

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficult, Serious

Reading

Kanji

大Big 変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '大変 (たいへん)' can mean 'difficult' or 'serious', depending on the context. When used to describe a situation or task, it conveys that something is challenging or troublesome. For example: This work is difficult「この仕事は大変だ」(このしごとはたいへんだ). When used to describe a situation or event, it can mean 'serious' or 'grave'. For example: This is a serious problem「これは大変な問題だ」(これはたいへんなもんだいだ). Additionally, '大変' can also be used as an adverb to mean 'very' or 'greatly', but this usage is separate from its adjectival noun form. For example: I am very tired「私は大変疲れた」(わたしはたいへんつかれた).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Day after tomorrow

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 後After, Behind 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '明後日 (あさって)' refers to 'the day after tomorrow'. It is used to specify a point in time two days after the current day. This word is commonly used in daily conversations and planning. For example: I will visit you the day after tomorrow「明後日、あなたを訪ねます」(あさって、あなたをたずねます). The meeting is scheduled for the day after tomorrow「会議は明後日に予定されています」(かいぎはあさってによていされています). Note that '明後日' is a specific temporal term and should not be confused with '明日 (あした)', which means 'tomorrow'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

564

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quantity

Reading

Kanji

量Measure, Quantity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '量 (りょう)' refers to 'quantity' or 'amount'. It is used to describe the volume, size, or extent of something, often in a measurable or observable way. This word is commonly used in contexts involving measurement, such as food, liquids, or abstract concepts like effort or time. For example: the quantity of water is large「水の量は多い」(みずのりょうはおおい). The amount of work is overwhelming「仕事の量がすごい」(しごとのりょうがすごい). It can also be used in compound words like '重量 (じゅうりょう)' (weight) or '熱量 (ねつりょう)' (heat quantity).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Half month

Reading

Kanji

半Half 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半月 (はんつき)' refers to a period of half a month, typically around 15 days. It is often used to describe a specific time frame or duration. For example: I will be on vacation for half a month「半月休みます」(はんつきやすみます). The project will take half a month to complete「そのプロジェクトは半月かかります」(そのプロジェクトははんつきかかります). This term is commonly used in scheduling, planning, and discussing time-related matters.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Half day

Reading

Kanji

半Half 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半日 (はんにち)' means 'half a day'. It refers to a period of time that is approximately 12 hours, typically used to describe the duration of an activity or event. For example: I took a half-day off from work「仕事を半日休みました」(しごとをはんにちやすみました). The tour lasts for half a day「ツアーは半日かかります」(ツアーははんにちかかります). This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate a shorter duration compared to a full day.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

571

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife

Reading

Kanji

妻Wife

Explanation

The Japanese noun '妻 (つま)' means 'wife'. It refers to a married woman in relation to her spouse. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: my wife is kind「私の妻は優しい」(わたしのつまはやさしい). He introduced his wife「彼は妻を紹介した」(かれはつまをしょうかいした). The word '妻' is neutral and does not carry any particular nuance, making it suitable for various situations. It is important to note that '妻' specifically refers to a wife and not to a girlfriend or fiancée.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

572

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every morning

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 朝Morning

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎朝 (まいあさ)' means 'every morning'. It is used to describe something that happens or is done each morning without exception. This word is often used in daily conversations to talk about routines or habits. For example: I drink coffee every morning「毎朝コーヒーを飲みます」(まいあさコーヒーをのみます). She goes jogging every morning「彼女は毎朝ジョギングをします」(かのじょはまいあさジョギングをします). The word '毎朝' is a combination of '毎' (every) and '朝' (morning), and it is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

573

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Before, Previously

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以前 (いぜん)' refers to a time or period before a specific point in the past. It is often used to indicate something that happened prior to a certain event or time. For example: I lived in Tokyo before「以前、東京に住んでいました」(いぜん、とうきょうにすんでいました). This situation was different previously「以前はこの状況は違いました」(いぜんはこのじょうきょうはちがいました). The word can also be used to compare past and present states, emphasizing a change over time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bank

Reading

Kanji

銀Silver 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '銀行 (ぎんこう)' refers to a financial institution where people deposit, withdraw, or borrow money. It is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing financial matters. For example: I went to the bank「銀行に行きました」(ぎんこうにいきました). The bank is closed today「銀行は今日休みです」(ぎんこうはきょうやすみです). This word is essential for discussing banking services, such as opening an account or applying for a loan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

575

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Before noon

Reading

Kanji

昼Daytime, Noon 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昼前 (ひるまえ)' refers to the time period before noon, typically indicating late morning. It is used to describe a specific time frame in the day, often in contexts where timing is important. For example: I will arrive before noon「昼前に到着します」(ひるまえにとうちゃくします). Let's meet before noon「昼前に会いましょう」(ひるまえにあいましょう). This term is useful for scheduling and planning activities that need to occur in the late morning hours.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

579

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every night

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 晩Evening, Nightfall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎晩 (まいばん)' means 'every night'. It is used to indicate that something happens or is done each night without exception. This word is often used in daily conversations to describe routines or habitual actions. For example: I read a book every night「毎晩本を読みます」(まいばんほんをよみます). She calls me every night「彼女は毎晩電話をくれます」(かのじょはまいばんでんわをくれます). The word '毎晩' is a combination of '毎' (every) and '晩' (night), and it is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Character, Letter

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 字Character

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文字 (もじ)' refers to a 'letter' or 'character' in a writing system. It can denote individual letters of the alphabet, kanji, hiragana, katakana, or any other written symbols used in language. This word is often used in contexts discussing writing, reading, or language learning. For example: I can read Japanese characters「私は日本語の文字が読めます」(わたしはにほんごのもじがよめます). This book has many difficult characters「この本は難しい文字が多い」(このほんはむずかしいもじがおおい). The word '文字' is essential when talking about written language and is commonly used in educational settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

582

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Easy

Reading

Kanji

簡Simplicity 単Simple, Single

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '簡単 (かんたん)' means 'easy'. It is used to describe tasks, problems, or situations that are not difficult to understand or accomplish. This word is often used in casual and formal contexts alike. For example: This problem is easy「この問題は簡単です」(このもんだいはかんたんです). Cooking rice is easy「ご飯を炊くのは簡単です」(ごはんをたくのはかんたんです). Note that '簡単' can also imply simplicity or straightforwardness, as in '簡単な説明 (かんたんなせつめい) (simple explanation)'. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and is a versatile term for describing ease or simplicity.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

583

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tree

Reading

Kanji

木Tree, Wood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '木 (き)' means 'tree'. This word is used to refer to a tree as a plant, or to wood as a material. It can be used in various contexts, such as describing nature, furniture, or construction. For example: There is a big tree in the park「公園に大きな木がある」(こうえんにおおきなきがある). This table is made of wood「このテーブルは木でできている」(このテーブルはきでできている). The word '木' can also be part of compound words, such as '木曜日 (もくようび)' (Thursday) or '木工 (もっこう)' (woodworking).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

584

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interior

Reading

Kanji

奥Core, Heart

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奥 (おく)' refers to the 'interior' or 'inner part' of something, often implying depth or a hidden area. It is commonly used to describe the back or deeper parts of a space, such as a room, house, or even a forest. For example: the interior of the house「家の奥」(いえのおく). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something profound or not easily understood, such as the depths of one's heart. For example: the depths of her heart「彼女の心の奥」(かのじょのこころのおく). This word carries a nuance of something being concealed or not immediately visible.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

585

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reality

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '現実 (げんじつ)' means 'reality'. It refers to the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them. This word is often used in philosophical discussions, everyday conversations, and literature to contrast with concepts like dreams, illusions, or expectations. For example: He faced reality「彼は現実に直面した」(かれはげんじつにちょくめんした). The reality is harsh「現実は厳しい」(げんじつはきびしい). It's important to note that '現実' can be used in various contexts, from personal experiences to broader societal observations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

586

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

City

Reading

Kanji

都Metropolis 市City, Market

Explanation

The Japanese noun '都市 (とし)' refers to a 'city', typically a large and densely populated urban area. It is used to describe major urban centers, often in contrast to rural areas or smaller towns. The term carries a sense of modernity, infrastructure, and economic activity. Example sentences: Tokyo is a big city「東京は大きな都市です」(とうきょうはおおきなとしです). Many people move to cities for work「多くの人が仕事のために都市に引っ越します」(おおくのひとがしごとのためにとしにひっこします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

587

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

River

Reading

Kanji

川River

Explanation

The Japanese noun '川 (かわ)' means 'river'. It refers to a natural flowing watercourse, typically freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake, or another river. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and place names. For example: The river is wide「川は広い」(かわはひろい). I crossed the river「川を渡った」(かわをわたった). The word '川' is often used in compound words, such as '川岸 (かわぎし)' meaning 'riverbank' or '川下り (かわくだり)' meaning 'river descent'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

588

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dinner

Reading

Kanji

夕Evening 飯Cooked rice, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夕飯 (ゆうはん)' refers to the evening meal, commonly known as 'dinner'. It is a compound of '夕 (ゆう)', meaning 'evening', and '飯 (はん)', meaning 'meal' or 'cooked rice'. This word is used in everyday conversation to refer to the main meal eaten in the evening. For example: Let's eat dinner「夕飯を食べましょう」(ゆうはんをたべましょう). What's for dinner tonight?「今夜の夕飯は何ですか？」(こんやのゆうはんはなんですか？). It is a neutral term and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

589

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face, Surface

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '面 (めん)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'face', referring to the front part of a person's head. For example: He has a kind face「彼は優しい面をしている」(かれはやさしいめんをしている). The second meaning is 'surface', referring to the outer or top layer of an object. For example: The surface of the water is calm「水面は穏やかだ」(すいめんはおだやかだ). This word can also be used in compound words to denote specific types of surfaces or faces, such as '水面 (すいめん)' (water surface) or '顔面 (がんめん)' (facial surface).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

590

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flower viewing

Reading

Kanji

花Flower 見See

Explanation

The Japanese noun '花見 (はなみ)' refers to the traditional custom of enjoying the beauty of flowers, particularly cherry blossoms (桜, さくら). This activity is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and typically involves gathering with friends or family under blooming cherry trees, often accompanied by food, drinks, and celebration. It is most commonly associated with spring, when cherry blossoms are in full bloom. Example sentences: Let's go flower viewing「花見に行きましょう」(はなみにいきましょう). The flower viewing party was fun「花見のパーティーは楽しかった」(はなみのパーティーはたのしかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

592

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Period

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時期 (じき)' refers to a specific period or time frame. It is often used to denote a particular season, era, or phase in time. This word can be applied in various contexts, such as historical periods, seasonal changes, or stages in a process. For example: the cherry blossom season is the best period to visit Japan「桜の時期は日本を訪れるのに最適な時期です」(さくらのじきはにほんをおとずれるのにさいてきなじきです). The period of economic growth was short「経済成長の時期は短かった」(けいざいせいちょうのじきはみじかかった). It's important to note that '時期' can also imply a sense of timing or appropriateness, as in 'the right time' or 'the right period' for something to occur.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

595

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Organization, Engine

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機関 (きかん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to an 'organization' or 'institution', often used in the context of public or official bodies. For example: The research institute is a government organization「その研究所は政府の機関です」(そのけんきゅうじょはせいふのきかんです). The second meaning refers to an 'engine' or 'mechanism', typically used in the context of machinery or vehicles. For example: The train's engine is very powerful「その電車の機関はとても強力です」(そのでんしゃのきかんはとてもきょうりょくです). The context in which '機関' is used will determine whether it refers to an organization or an engine.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

596

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Table

Reading

Kanji

表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese noun '表 (ひょう)' means 'table'. This word is used to refer to a structured arrangement of data, typically in rows and columns, often used for organizing information. It is commonly seen in contexts such as spreadsheets, charts, or schedules. For example: Please check the table「表を確認してください」(ひょうをかくにんしてください). The data is summarized in this table「データはこの表にまとめられています」(データはこのひょうにまとめられています). Note that '表' can also refer to a 'surface' or 'front' in other contexts, but this meaning is less common and unrelated to the primary meaning of 'table'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

597

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light

Reading

Kanji

光Light

Explanation

The Japanese noun '光 (ひかり)' means 'light'. It refers to the natural or artificial illumination that makes things visible. This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, such as describing sunlight, the light from a lamp, or even hope and enlightenment. For example: the light of the sun is bright「太陽の光は明るい」(たいようのひかりはあかるい). She is the light of my life「彼女は私の人生の光だ」(かのじょはわたしのじんせいのひかりだ). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '月光 (げっこう)' (moonlight) or '光線 (こうせん)' (light rays).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

600

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Condition

Reading

Kanji

条Clause 件Matter, Affair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '条件 (じょうけん)' means 'condition'. It refers to a requirement, stipulation, or prerequisite that must be met for something to happen or be valid. This word is commonly used in contexts such as contracts, agreements, or when setting rules. For example: The condition for approval is hard work「承認の条件は努力です」(しょうにんのじょうけんはどりょくです). We agreed on the terms and conditions「私たちは条件に合意しました」(わたしたちはじょうけんにごういしました). It can also be used in everyday situations, such as discussing conditions for a job or a relationship.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

601

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Role

Reading

Kanji

役Duty

Explanation

The Japanese noun '役 (やく)' primarily means 'role'. It is used to describe a part or function that someone or something has in a particular situation, such as in a play, job, or society. For example: He played the role of a villain「彼は悪役を演じた」(かれはあくやくをえんじた). This word can also refer to a duty or responsibility, as in: It's my role to take care of the children「子供の世話をするのは私の役です」(こどものせわをするのはわたしのやくです). Additionally, '役' can be used in compound words like '役割 (やくわり)' which also means 'role' or 'function'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

604

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ratio, Rate

Reading

Kanji

率Command, Proportion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '率 (りつ)' refers to a 'rate' or 'ratio'. It is commonly used in contexts involving statistics, mathematics, or comparisons. For example: the unemployment rate「失業率」(しつぎょうりつ). The success rate is high「成功率が高い」(せいこうりつがたかい). This word is often combined with other nouns to form compound terms, such as 'growth rate' (成長率, せいちょうりつ) or 'interest rate' (利率, りりつ). Note that while 'rate' and 'ratio' are closely related, they are distinct concepts: 'rate' often implies a measure over time, while 'ratio' is a comparative measure between two quantities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

606

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Head, Neck

Reading

Kanji

首Neck

Explanation

The Japanese noun '首 (くび)' primarily means 'neck', referring to the part of the body connecting the head to the rest of the body. It can also mean 'head' in certain contexts, such as when referring to the leader of an organization or group. For example: my neck hurts「首が痛い」(くびがいたい). The company's head resigned「会社の首が辞任した」(かいしゃのくびがじにんした). The word can also be used metaphorically, as in 'to save one's neck (to avoid trouble)'「首をすくめる」(くびをすくめる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

608

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

作Make 品Product

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作品 (さくひん)' refers to a 'work' or 'piece of art', typically created by an artist, writer, or creator. It is commonly used to describe creative outputs such as paintings, sculptures, literature, music, or films. For example: This is a famous work of art「これは有名な作品です」(これはゆうめいなさくひんです). I want to see his latest work「彼の最新の作品を見たいです」(かれのさいしんのさくひんをみたいです). The word emphasizes the creative or artistic nature of the output and is often used in contexts related to art, culture, and entertainment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

610

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Occasion

Reading

Kanji

際Occasion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '際 (さい)' refers to a specific moment, occasion, or juncture. It is often used to describe a critical or significant point in time when something happens or is about to happen. For example: at the time of departure「出発の際」(しゅっぱつのさい). On the occasion of the meeting「会議の際」(かいぎのさい). This word can also imply a sense of urgency or importance, as in 'in case of emergency'「緊急の際」(きんきゅうのさい). It is commonly used in formal or written contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

613

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Friend

Reading

Kanji

友Friend 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese noun '友達 (ともだち)' means 'friend'. It refers to a person whom one knows, likes, and trusts. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is neutral in terms of formality. It can be used to describe both close friends and casual acquaintances. For example: I have many friends「友達がたくさんいます」(ともだちがたくさんいます). She is my best friend「彼女は私の親友です」(かのじょはわたしのしんゆうです). Note that '友達' is often used in informal contexts, while '友人 (ゆうじん)' is a more formal alternative.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

614

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conversation

Reading

Kanji

会Meet 話Talk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '会話 (かいわ)' means 'conversation'. It refers to an exchange of ideas or thoughts between two or more people. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: We had a good conversation「いい会話をした」(いいかいわをした). Let's practice English conversation「英語の会話を練習しましょう」(えいごのかいわをれんしゅうしましょう). It's important to note that '会話' can also be used to describe the act of conversing, as in '会話する (かいわする) (to converse)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

615

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Market

Reading

Kanji

市City, Market 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '市場 (しじょう)' primarily means 'market'. This word refers to a physical place where goods are bought and sold, such as a farmer's market or a fish market. It can also refer to an economic market, such as the stock market or a specific industry market. For example: I went to the fish market「魚市場に行きました」(さかなしじょうにいきました). The stock market is unstable today「株式市場は今日不安定です」(かぶしきしじょうはきょうふあんていです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a competitive environment, such as in 'the job market'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

617

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still, Furthermore

Reading

Kanji

猶Waver, Delay

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '猶 (なお)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'still', which is used to indicate that a situation or condition continues unchanged. For example: He is still working「彼は猶働いている」(かれはなおはたらいている). The second meaning is 'furthermore', which is used to add information or emphasize a point. For example: Furthermore, we need to consider the budget「猶、予算を考慮する必要がある」(なお、よさんをこうりょするひつようがある). This word is often used in formal or written contexts and can carry a nuanced tone depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

619

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

How many

Reading

Kanji

幾Some, How many

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幾 (いく)' is an archaic or literary term meaning 'how many' or 'several'. It is often used in formal or poetic contexts to express an indefinite quantity or to ask about the number of something. For example: how many years have passed?「幾年の歳月が過ぎたか」(いくねんのさいげつがすぎたか). It can also be used in compound words like '幾何 (きか)' meaning 'geometry'. Note that this word is rarely used in modern conversational Japanese and is more common in written or classical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

622

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Below, Less

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以下 (いか)' is used to indicate something that is 'below' or 'less than' a certain threshold, limit, or reference point. It is often used in contexts involving rankings, quantities, or standards. For example: children aged 10 and below「10歳以下の子供」(じゅっさいいかのこども). The temperature is below freezing「温度は氷点以下です」(おんどはひょうてんいかです). Note that '以下' can also imply 'inferior' or 'not exceeding' in certain contexts, such as in quality or performance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

625

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meal

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '食事 (しょくじ)' refers to a 'meal'. It is used to describe the act of eating or the food consumed during a meal. This term is commonly used in daily conversations and can refer to any meal, such as breakfast, lunch, or dinner. For example: I had a meal with my family「家族と食事をしました」(かぞくとしょくじをしました). Let's have a meal together「一緒に食事をしましょう」(いっしょにしょくじをしましょう). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '朝食 (ちょうしょく)' for breakfast or '夕食 (ゆうしょく)' for dinner, but '食事' itself is a general term for any meal.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

626

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dream

Reading

Kanji

夢Dream

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夢 (ゆめ)' primarily means 'dream'. It can refer to the dreams one experiences while sleeping, as well as aspirations or hopes for the future. For example: I had a strange dream last night「昨夜、変な夢を見た」(さくや、へんなゆめをみた). Her dream is to become a doctor「彼女の夢は医者になることです」(かのじょのゆめはいしゃになることです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that feels unreal or fantastical, such as 'a dreamlike scenery' (夢のような景色 - ゆめのようなけしき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

627

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Room

Reading

Kanji

室Room

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '室 (しつ)' means 'room' and is commonly used to denote a specific type of room or space. It is often attached to other words to describe the purpose or function of the room. For example: a classroom is called '教室 (きょうしつ)' and a living room is called '居間 (いま)' or 'リビングルーム (りびんぐるーむ)'. Example sentences: The meeting room is on the second floor「会議室は二階にあります」(かいぎしつはにかいにあります). The music room is quiet「音楽室は静かです」(おんがくしつはしずかです). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to specify different types of rooms.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

628

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Construction

Reading

Kanji

工Construction 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '工事 (こうじ)' refers to 'construction' or 'construction work'. It is commonly used to describe the process of building or repairing structures, such as buildings, roads, or bridges. This term is often seen in signs or announcements related to ongoing construction projects. For example: The construction of the new bridge is underway「新しい橋の工事が進んでいます」(あたらしいはしのこうじがすすんでいます). Road construction is causing traffic delays「道路工事で渋滞が起きています」(どうろこうじでじゅうたいがおきています). The word can also be used in contexts like '工事中 (こうじちゅう)', which means 'under construction' and is often displayed at construction sites.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

630

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Official

Reading

Kanji

官Government, Bureaucrat

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '官 (かん)' refers to an official or a person holding a government position. It is commonly used in titles or roles related to public service or administration. For example: a government official「政府の官」(せいふのかん). This suffix is often attached to nouns to denote a specific type of official, such as '警察官 (けいさつかん)' (police officer) or '外交官 (がいこうかん)' (diplomat). It is important to note that '官' is typically used in formal contexts and is not used in everyday conversation unless referring to specific roles or titles.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

631

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alcohol, Sake

Reading

Kanji

酒Alcohol, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '酒 (さけ)' primarily refers to alcoholic beverages in general, but it can also specifically denote 'sake', the traditional Japanese rice wine. This word is commonly used in various contexts, from casual conversations to formal settings. For example: I like alcohol「私は酒が好きです」(わたしはさけがすきです). Let's drink sake tonight「今夜は酒を飲みましょう」(こんやはさけをのみましょう). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '日本酒 (にほんしゅ)' meaning 'Japanese sake'. It's important to note that while '酒' can refer to any alcoholic drink, in many contexts it specifically implies sake, especially when used in traditional or cultural settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

632

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Call

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 話Talk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '電話 (でんわ)' primarily means 'call' or 'telephone'. It is used to refer to the act of making a phone call or the telephone itself. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations and can be combined with verbs like する (suru) to form the phrase '電話する (でんわする)', meaning 'to make a phone call'. For example: I will call you later「後で電話します」(あとででんわします). Please call me tomorrow「明日電話してください」(あしたでんわしてください). The word can also refer to the device itself, as in 'This is my telephone「これは私の電話です」(これはわたしのでんわです)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

633

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chapter

Reading

Kanji

章Chapter, Badge

Explanation

The Japanese noun '章 (しょう)' primarily means 'chapter'. It is used to refer to a main division of a book, typically with a number or title. This term is commonly found in academic texts, novels, and other written works. For example: Please read chapter three「第三章を読んでください」(だいさんしょうをよんでください). The final chapter was very interesting「最終章はとても面白かった」(さいしゅうしょうはとてもおもしろかった). Additionally, '章' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe a phase or period in life or history, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

634

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emperor

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 皇Emperor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天皇 (てんのう)' refers to the 'emperor' of Japan, specifically the hereditary monarch who serves as the symbolic head of state. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese history and culture, and the emperor is considered a unifying figure for the nation. For example: The emperor visited the shrine「天皇が神社を訪れた」(てんのうがじんじゃをおとずれた). The emperor's role is largely ceremonial「天皇の役割は主に儀式的です」(てんのうのやくわりはおもにぎしきてきです). The term is also used in historical contexts to refer to past emperors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

637

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Station staff

Reading

Kanji

駅Station 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '駅員 (えきいん)' refers to 'station staff' or 'station employee'. This term is used to describe personnel who work at train or subway stations, assisting passengers, managing ticket sales, and ensuring the smooth operation of the station. For example: The station staff helped me find the right platform「駅員が正しいホームを教えてくれた」(えきいんがただしいホームをおしえてくれた). I asked the station staff for directions「駅員に道を聞いた」(えきいんにみちをきいた). This word is commonly used in daily conversations, especially when discussing travel or commuting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

638

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emergency

Reading

Kanji

非Mistake, Negative 常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '非常 (ひじょう)' primarily means 'emergency'. It is often used in contexts related to urgent or critical situations. For example: emergency exit「非常口」(ひじょうぐち). This word can also be used to describe something as 'extraordinary' or 'unusual', but this usage is less common. For example: extraordinary measures「非常手段」(ひじょうしゅだん). It's important to note that '非常' is often used in formal or official contexts, such as in signs or announcements.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

639

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

International

Reading

Kanji

国Country 際Occasion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国際 (こくさい)' means 'international'. It refers to matters or activities involving multiple countries or nations. This word is commonly used in contexts such as international relations, international trade, or international events. For example: international conference「国際会議」(こくさいかいぎ). international cooperation「国際協力」(こくさいきょうりょく). It is important to note that '国際' is often used as a prefix or modifier in compound nouns to indicate an international aspect, such as '国際社会 (こくさいしゃかい) (international community)' or '国際問題 (こくさいもんだい) (international issue)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

641

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accident

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 通Commute, Pass 事Thing 故Reason, Deceased

Explanation

The Japanese noun '交通事故 (こうつうじこ)' refers to a 'traffic accident'. It is commonly used to describe incidents involving vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, or bicycles, that result in damage, injury, or death. This term is often seen in news reports, legal contexts, or everyday conversations about road safety. For example: There was a traffic accident on the highway「高速道路で交通事故があった」(こうそくどうろでこうつうじこがあった). The traffic accident caused a major delay「その交通事故で大渋滞が起きた」(そのこうつうじこでだいじゅうたいがおきた). It is important to note that this term specifically refers to accidents involving vehicles and not other types of accidents.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

642

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Land

Reading

Kanji

土Soil 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '土地 (とち)' refers to 'land' or 'a plot of land'. It is commonly used to describe a piece of ground, often in the context of real estate, agriculture, or geography. For example: This land is fertile「この土地は肥沃だ」(このとちはひよくだ). They bought a piece of land「彼らは土地を買った」(かれらはとちをかった). The word can also imply a specific area or region, such as in '土地の歴史 (とちのれきし) (history of the land)'. It is important to note that '土地' is neutral and does not inherently imply ownership unless specified.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

643

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Roadway

Reading

Kanji

車Car 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車道 (しゃどう)' refers to the part of the road designated for vehicles, as opposed to sidewalks or pedestrian paths. It is commonly used in contexts related to traffic, driving, or road safety. For example: cars drive on the roadway「車は車道を走る」(くるまはしゃどうをはしる). Bicycles are not allowed on the roadway here「ここでは自転車は車道を走れません」(ここではじてんしゃはしゃどうをはしれません). The term emphasizes the distinction between areas for vehicles and those for pedestrians.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

645

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cause

Reading

Kanji

原Meadow, Original 因Cause

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原因 (げんいん)' means 'cause'. It refers to the reason or source behind an event, situation, or phenomenon. This word is often used in both formal and informal contexts to explain why something happened. For example: the cause of the accident is unknown「事故の原因は不明です」(じこのげんいんはふめいです). Stress is the cause of his illness「ストレスが彼の病気の原因です」(ストレスがかれのびょうきのげんいんです). It can also be used in compound phrases like '根本原因 (こんぽんげんいん)' (root cause) to emphasize the primary source of an issue.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

647

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Everyday

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎日 (まいにち)' means 'everyday' or 'daily'. It refers to something that occurs or is done every day, without exception. This word is commonly used to describe routines, habits, or recurring events. For example: I study Japanese every day「毎日日本語を勉強します」(まいにちにほんごをべんきょうします). She goes for a walk every day「彼女は毎日散歩します」(かのじょはまいにちさんぽします). Note that '毎日' is often used with verbs to indicate daily actions, as in '毎日食べる (まいにちたべる) (to eat every day)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

648

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Police

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 察Guess

Explanation

The Japanese noun '警察 (けいさつ)' refers to the police or law enforcement. It is used to describe the organization responsible for maintaining public order and safety, as well as enforcing laws. For example: The police arrived quickly「警察がすぐに来た」(けいさつがすぐにきた). I reported it to the police「警察に報告した」(けいさつにほうこくした). This term is commonly used in contexts involving crime, safety, and legal matters.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

649

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Life

Reading

Kanji

人Person 生Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人生 (じんせい)' refers to 'life' in the sense of a person's existence, experiences, and journey from birth to death. It is often used in philosophical or reflective contexts to discuss the course or quality of one's life. For example: Life is short「人生は短い」(じんせいはみじかい). He has lived a fulfilling life「彼は充実した人生を送った」(かれはじゅうじつしたじんせいをおくった). The word can also be used in expressions like '人生観 (じんせいかん)' (view of life) or '人生の目標 (じんせいのもくひょう)' (life goals).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

650

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expert

Reading

Kanji

士Samurai

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '士 (し)' is used to denote a person who is an expert or professional in a particular field. It is often attached to nouns to form words that describe someone's profession or status. For example: a lawyer「弁護士」(べんごし). A nurse「看護士」(かんごし). This suffix is commonly used in professional titles and can be found in various contexts, such as in job titles or certifications. It is important to note that '士' can also be used in other contexts, but its primary meaning as a suffix is to indicate expertise or professional status.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

652

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Patient

Reading

Kanji

患Ill, Afflicted 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '患者 (かんじゃ)' refers to a 'patient', specifically someone who is receiving medical treatment or care. This term is commonly used in medical contexts, such as hospitals, clinics, or when discussing health-related matters. For example: The patient is resting「患者は休んでいます」(かんじゃはやすんでいます). The doctor is examining the patient「医者は患者を診察しています」(いしゃはかんじゃをしんさつしています). It is important to note that '患者' is a neutral term and does not carry any specific connotation beyond its medical meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

653

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Death

Reading

Kanji

死Death

Explanation

The Japanese noun '死 (し)' means 'death'. It refers to the end of life, the cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. This word is often used in serious or somber contexts, such as discussions about mortality, loss, or existential topics. For example: the death of a loved one「愛する人の死」(あいするひとのし). He faced death bravely「彼は勇敢に死と向き合った」(かれはゆうかんにしとむきあった). The concept of death is universal, but in Japanese culture, it often carries additional layers of meaning, such as respect for ancestors and the impermanence of life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

654

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sidewalk

Reading

Kanji

歩Walk 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歩道 (ほどう)' refers to a 'sidewalk' or 'pedestrian walkway'. It is specifically used to describe a path designated for pedestrians, typically alongside a road. This word is commonly used in urban settings to distinguish pedestrian areas from vehicle traffic. For example: Please walk on the sidewalk「歩道を歩いてください」(ほどうであるいてください). The sidewalk is crowded「歩道が混んでいる」(ほどうがこんでいる). It is important to note that '歩道' is distinct from '車道 (しゃどう)', which refers to the part of the road designated for vehicles.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

655

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Period

Reading

Kanji

期Time, Period 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '期間 (きかん)' refers to a specific span or duration of time. It is commonly used to indicate the length of time during which something occurs or is valid. For example: the contract period「契約期間」(けいやくきかん). The festival period「祭りの期間」(まつりのきかん). This term is often used in formal contexts, such as business, legal, or academic settings, to specify time frames. It can also be used in everyday conversation to describe the duration of events or activities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

657

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next, This

Reading

Kanji

今Now 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '今度 (こんど)' can mean either 'next' or 'this', depending on the context. When referring to an upcoming event or time, it means 'next', as in 'next time' or 'next week'. When referring to the current or most recent event, it means 'this', as in 'this time' or 'this occasion'. For example: I'll do better next time「今度はもっと頑張ります」(こんどはもっとがんばります). This time was fun「今度は楽しかった」(こんどはたのしかった). The word is versatile and commonly used in both casual and formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

658

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Important

Reading

Kanji

大Big 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '大切 (たいせつ)' means 'important' or 'valuable'. It is used to describe something that holds significant value, whether emotionally, practically, or morally. This word often conveys a sense of care and respect. For example: Family is important「家族は大切です」(かぞくはたいせつです). Take care of this book, it's important「この本を大切にしてください、大切なものです」(このほんをたいせつにしてください、たいせつなものです). The nuance of '大切' often implies a deeper emotional connection or responsibility compared to other words like '重要 (じゅうよう)', which is more neutral and practical.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

659

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

How many times, What degree

Reading

Kanji

何What 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何度 (なんど)' can mean 'how many times' or 'what degree'. When used to ask 'how many times', it is often used in questions about frequency or repetition. For example: How many times have you been to Japan?「何度日本に行きましたか？」(なんどにほんにいきましたか？). When used to ask 'what degree', it refers to the extent or level of something, often in the context of temperature or angles. For example: What degree is the angle?「角度は何度ですか？」(かくどはなんどですか？). The meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

660

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Each

Reading

Kanji

各Each

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '各 (かく)' means 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual items within a group or category. This prefix is commonly attached to nouns to indicate that something applies to every member of a group. For example: each country「各国」(かっこく). Each person「各人」(かくじん). It is important to note that '各' is often used in formal or written contexts, and it can be combined with various nouns to specify that something pertains to each item in a set. For instance: each company「各会社」(かくかいしゃ). Each station「各駅」(かくえき).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

666

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eldest daughter

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 女Woman

Explanation

The Japanese noun '長女 (ちょうじょ)' means 'eldest daughter'. This word refers to the firstborn daughter in a family. It is used to specifically identify the oldest female sibling in relation to her younger siblings. For example: She is my eldest daughter 「彼女は私の長女です」 (かのじょはわたしのちょうじょです). The eldest daughter often has traditional responsibilities within the family 「長女は家族の中で伝統的な責任を持つことが多い」 (ちょうじょはかぞくのなかででんとうてきなせきにんをもつことがおおい). Note that this word is gender-specific and refers only to the eldest female child.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

670

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forehead

Reading

Kanji

額Amount, Forehead

Explanation

The Japanese noun '額 (ひたい)' refers to the 'forehead', the part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can also appear in idiomatic expressions or descriptive contexts. For example: She has a wide forehead「彼女は額が広い」(かのじょはひたいがひろい). He wiped the sweat from his forehead「彼は額の汗を拭いた」(かれはひたいのあせをぬぐった). The word is straightforward and primarily used in its literal sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

671

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opinion

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 見See

Explanation

The Japanese noun '意見 (いけん)' means 'opinion'. It refers to a person's thoughts, beliefs, or judgments about a particular topic or issue. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to express one's viewpoint or to discuss differing perspectives. For example: I want to hear your opinion「あなたの意見を聞きたいです」(あなたのいけんをききたいです). His opinion is different from mine「彼の意見は私のと違います」(かれのいけんはわたしのとちがいます). The word can also be used in phrases like '意見を述べる (いけんをのべる)' (to express an opinion) or '意見交換 (いけんこうかん)' (exchange of opinions).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

675

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Safe

Reading

Kanji

安Cheap, Relax 全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '安全 (あんぜん)' means 'safe'. It is used to describe a state or condition where there is no danger or risk. This word is commonly used in contexts related to safety, security, and well-being. For example: This area is safe「この地域は安全です」(このちいきはあんぜんです). Safety is important「安全は大切です」(あんぜんはたいせつです). It can also be used to describe objects or systems designed to ensure safety, such as '安全装置 (あんぜんそうち)' (safety device).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

677

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ability

Reading

Kanji

能Ability 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '能力 (のうりょく)' means 'ability'. It refers to the capacity or skill to do something, whether physical, mental, or technical. This word is often used in contexts related to personal skills, professional competencies, or innate talents. For example: He has the ability to solve problems quickly「彼は問題を素早く解決する能力がある」(かれはもんだいをすばやくかいけつするのうりょくがある). Improving your language ability is important「言語能力を向上させることは重要だ」(げんごのうりょくをこうじょうさせることはじゅうようだ). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as organizational or technological capabilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

678

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Family, Home

Reading

Kanji

家House 庭Garden

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家庭 (かてい)' refers to both 'home' and 'family', depending on the context. It emphasizes the domestic environment or household, often including the family unit living together. For example: My home is peaceful「私の家庭は平和です」(わたしのかていはへいわです). A happy family「幸せな家庭」(しあわせなかてい). It is commonly used in contexts discussing family life, household management, or domestic situations. The word carries a sense of warmth and togetherness, often implying a close-knit family unit.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

679

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Automatic

Reading

Kanji

自Self 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自動 (じどう)' means 'automatic'. It refers to something that operates or functions by itself without human intervention. This term is commonly used in contexts related to machinery, devices, or systems that perform tasks automatically. For example: automatic door「自動ドア」(じどうドア). This car has an automatic transmission「この車は自動変速機です」(このくるまはじどうへんそくきです). The word can also be part of compound nouns, such as '自動販売機 (じどうはんばいき)' (vending machine), where it emphasizes the self-operating nature of the device.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

680

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Committee

Reading

Kanji

委Committee 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '委員 (いいん)' refers to a 'committee' or a 'committee member'. It is used to describe a group of people appointed for a specific function or task, or an individual who is part of such a group. This term is commonly used in organizational, academic, and governmental contexts. For example: He is a member of the planning committee「彼は計画委員です」(かれはけいかくいいんです). The committee decided to postpone the event「委員はイベントを延期することに決めました」(いいんはイベントをえんきすることにきめました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

681

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Return

Reading

Kanji

帰Return 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '帰国 (きこく)' means 'return to one's home country'. It is used to describe the act of going back to one's native country after being abroad. This term is often used in contexts such as studying, working, or traveling overseas. For example: I will return to my country next month「来月帰国します」(らいげつきこくします). After studying abroad, she returned to her home country「留学後、彼女は帰国しました」(りゅうがくご、かのじょはきこくしました). Note that '帰国' specifically refers to returning to one's home country, not just any return.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

683

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Master, Husband

Reading

Kanji

主Master 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主人 (しゅじん)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'husband', used in a formal or traditional context to refer to one's spouse. For example: my husband is kind「主人は優しい」(しゅじんはやさしい). The second meaning is 'master', referring to someone who is in charge, such as the head of a household or the owner of a business. For example: the master of the house「家の主人」(いえのしゅじん). It's important to note that the usage of '主人' to mean 'husband' can sound old-fashioned or overly formal in modern contexts, where '夫 (おっと)' is more commonly used. The term '主人' to mean 'master' is often used in business settings or when referring to the head of a household.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

685

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreigner

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 国Country 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外国人 (がいこくじん)' means 'foreigner'. It refers to a person who is not a citizen of the country in question, typically Japan. This term is neutral and widely used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: There are many foreigners in Tokyo「東京には外国人がたくさんいます」(とうきょうにはがいこくじんがたくさんいます). He is a foreigner「彼は外国人です」(かれはがいこくじんです). The term can sometimes carry nuances depending on context, but it is generally straightforward and descriptive.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

686

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreign language

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 国Country 語Language, Word

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外国語 (がいこくご)' means 'foreign language'. This word refers to any language that is not one's native language. It is commonly used in contexts related to language learning, education, or communication with non-native speakers. For example: I am studying a foreign language 「私は外国語を勉強しています」 (わたしはがいこくごをべんきょうしています). He can speak several foreign languages 「彼はいくつかの外国語を話せます」 (かれはいくつかのがいこくごをはなせます). The word is often used in combination with other terms, such as '外国語学習 (がいこくごがくしゅう)' (foreign language study) or '外国語教育 (がいこくごきょういく)' (foreign language education).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

688

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

True

Reading

Kanji

真Truth

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '真 (しん)' means 'true' or 'genuine'. It is often used to emphasize the authenticity or seriousness of something. This prefix is commonly attached to nouns to create compound words that convey a sense of realness or purity. For example: true love「真の愛」(しんのあい). genuine pearl「真珠」(しんじゅ). It can also be used in contexts to indicate something is the 'real' or 'ultimate' version of a concept, such as in '真実 (しんじつ) (truth)' or '真剣 (しんけん) (seriousness, literally 'true sword')'. Note that '真' can also appear as a standalone kanji with different readings, but as a prefix, it is almost always read as 'しん'.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

690

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Structure

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care 造Make, Build

Explanation

The Japanese noun '構造 (こうぞう)' refers to the 'structure' of something, whether it be physical, organizational, or conceptual. It is used to describe the arrangement and interrelation of parts in a complex entity. For example: the structure of a building「建物の構造」(たてもののこうぞう). The structure of society「社会の構造」(しゃかいのこうぞう). This word is often used in technical, architectural, or sociological contexts to describe how components are organized and function together.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

691

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Policy

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 策Plan, Policy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政策 (せいさく)' refers to a 'policy', particularly in the context of government or organizational strategies and plans. It is used to describe a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an authority. For example: The government announced a new economic policy「政府は新しい経済政策を発表した」(せいふはあたらしいけいざいせいさくをはっぴょうした). This company has a strict environmental policy「この会社は厳しい環境政策を持っている」(このかいしゃはきびしいかんきょうせいさくをもっている). The term is often used in formal contexts and can apply to various fields such as economic, social, or foreign policy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

692

Composition

kanji

Handwriting