Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Yes

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'ええ (ええ)' is a casual way to say 'yes' or to express agreement. It is often used in informal conversations and can convey a sense of affirmation or acknowledgment. For example: Yes, that's right「ええ、そうです」(ええ、そうです). Yes, I understand「ええ、わかります」(ええ、わかります). It is important to note that 'ええ' is less formal than 'はい (はい)' and is typically used among friends, family, or in casual settings. It can also be used to show that you are listening or to encourage the speaker to continue, similar to saying 'uh-huh' in English.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

1501

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prefecture

Reading

Kanji

府Government office, Urban prefecture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '府 (ふ)' refers to a type of administrative division in Japan, specifically a 'prefecture'. Historically, it was used to denote important urban areas or governmental centers. In modern Japan, it is part of the names of certain prefectures, such as '京都府 (きょうとふ)' (Kyoto Prefecture) and '大阪府 (おおさかふ)' (Osaka Prefecture). Example sentences: Kyoto is a prefecture in Japan「京都は日本の府です」(きょうとはにほんのふです). Osaka Prefecture is known for its vibrant culture「大阪府はその活気ある文化で知られています」(おおさかふはそのかっきあるぶんかでしられています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Handbag

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ハンドバッグ (handobaggu)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'handbag'. It refers to a small bag used by women to carry personal items, typically held in the hand or worn over the shoulder. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and fashion contexts. For example: She bought a new handbag「彼女は新しいハンドバッグを買った」(かのじょはあたらしいハンドバッグをかった). This handbag is expensive「このハンドバッグは高いです」(このハンドバッグはたかいです). The word is often used in contexts related to fashion, shopping, or describing personal accessories.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1503

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Angry

Reading

Kanji

怒Anger, Angry

Explanation

The Japanese verb '怒る (おこる)' means 'to be angry' or 'to get angry'. It is used to describe the emotional state of anger or irritation. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as when someone is upset with another person's actions or behavior. For example: he got angry at me「彼は私に怒った」(かれはわたしにおこった). Don't get angry「怒らないで」(おこらないで). It's important to note that '怒る' can also imply a sense of scolding or reprimanding someone, as in '彼は子供に怒った (かれはこどもにおこった) (he scolded the child)'. The nuance can vary depending on the context, but the core meaning revolves around anger or irritation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1504

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Task, Issue

Reading

Kanji

課Section, Lesson 題Topic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '課題 (かだい)' can mean 'task' or 'issue'. When referring to a 'task', it often implies a specific assignment or piece of work that needs to be completed, such as homework or a project. For example: I have a lot of tasks to do「たくさんの課題があります」(たくさんのかだいがあります). When referring to an 'issue', it can denote a problem or challenge that needs to be addressed. For example: We need to discuss this issue「この課題について話し合う必要があります」(このかだいについてはなしあうひつようがあります). The word is commonly used in both academic and professional settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Art

Reading

Kanji

芸Art, Performance 術Art, Technique

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芸術 (げいじゅつ)' refers to 'art' in a broad sense, encompassing various forms of creative expression such as painting, sculpture, music, literature, and theater. It is often used to describe works that are considered to have aesthetic or cultural value. For example: modern art is fascinating「現代芸術は魅力的だ」(げんだいげいじゅつはみりょくてきだ). She studies art at university「彼女は大学で芸術を勉強している」(かのじょはだいがくでげいじゅつをべんきょうしている). The term can also be used in a more abstract sense to describe the concept of art itself, as in 'the essence of art'「芸術の本質」(げいじゅつのほんしつ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1506

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Center

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'センター (せんたー)' means 'center'. This word is used to refer to a central point, place, or facility. It is often used in the context of organizations, buildings, or locations that serve as a hub for specific activities. For example: the shopping center is nearby「ショッピングセンターは近いです」(しょっぴんぐせんたーはちかいです). She works at the community center「彼女はコミュニティセンターで働いています」(かのじょはこみゅにてぃせんたーではたらいています). The word is also commonly used in compound nouns, such as 'ショッピングセンター (shopping center)' or 'スポーツセンター (sports center)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1507

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hiring, Adoption

Reading

Kanji

採Gather, Pick 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '採用 (さいよう)' has two distinct meanings. The first is 'hiring', which refers to the act of employing someone for a job. For example: The company is hiring new employees「会社は新しい従業員を採用している」(かいしゃはあたらしいじゅうぎょういんをさいようしている). The second meaning is 'adoption', which refers to the act of taking up or implementing something, such as a method, policy, or idea. For example: The school adopted a new teaching method「学校は新しい教育方法を採用した」(がっこうはあたらしいきょういくほうほうをさいようした). The context in which '採用' is used will determine whether it refers to hiring or adoption.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1508

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year, Fiscal

Reading

Kanji

年Year 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年度 (ねんど)' refers to a specific period of one year, often used in the context of fiscal or academic years. It is commonly used in business, education, and government settings to denote a year that starts and ends at specific times, rather than the calendar year. For example: The fiscal year starts in April「年度は4月に始まります」(ねんどはしがつにはじまります). This academic year ends in March「この年度は3月に終わります」(このねんどはさんがつにおわります). The term is essential for understanding schedules, budgets, and planning in Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1509

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number

Reading

Kanji

番Turn 号Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '番号 (ばんごう)' means 'number'. It refers to a numerical identifier used for various purposes, such as phone numbers, identification numbers, or serial numbers. For example: What is your phone number?「あなたの電話番号は何ですか？」(あなたのでんわばんごうはなんですか？). Please write your student number here「ここに学生番号を書いてください」(ここにがくせいばんごうをかいてください). This word is commonly used in formal and informal contexts to refer to any kind of numerical identifier.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1510

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Graduation

Reading

Kanji

卒Graduate 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '卒業 (そつぎょう)' means 'graduation'. It refers to the act of completing a course of study, typically from a school or university. This word is commonly used in contexts related to education, such as graduating from high school or university. For example: I graduated from university last year「私は去年大学を卒業しました」(わたしはきょねんだいがくをそつぎょうしました). She will graduate from high school next spring「彼女は来春高校を卒業します」(かのじょはらいしゅんこうこうをそつぎょうします). Additionally, '卒業' can sometimes be used metaphorically to indicate moving on from a phase or stage in life, such as '卒業する' meaning 'to graduate from' a particular habit or mindset.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1511

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doctor

Reading

Kanji

医Doctor 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '医者 (いしゃ)' means 'doctor'. It refers to a medical professional who diagnoses and treats illnesses. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and is neutral in tone. For example: I went to the doctor「医者に行きました」(いしゃにいきました). The doctor is kind「その医者は優しいです」(そのいしゃはやさしいです). Note that '医者' is often used interchangeably with '医師 (いし)', though '医師' is more formal and typically used in professional or legal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1512

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Revolution

Reading

Kanji

革Reform, Leather 命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '革命 (かくめい)' means 'revolution'. It refers to a fundamental and often sudden change in political power or organizational structures, typically brought about by the governed population. It can also refer to a dramatic and wide-reaching change in conditions, attitudes, or operations. For example: The industrial revolution changed society「産業革命は社会を変えた」(さんぎょうかくめいわしゃかいをかえた). The revolution brought freedom to the people「革命は人々に自由をもたらした」(かくめいわひとびとにじゆうをもたらした). This term is often used in historical, political, and technological contexts to denote significant transformations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1513

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Employment

Reading

Kanji

就Settle, Concerning 職Employment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '就職 (しゅうしょく)' refers to the act of obtaining employment or starting a job, typically after completing education or training. It is commonly used in contexts related to job hunting, career beginnings, or transitioning into the workforce. For example: I found employment at a big company「大きな会社に就職しました」(おおきなかいしゃにしゅうしょくしました). She is looking for employment「彼女は就職を探しています」(かのじょはしゅうしょくをさがしています). The term is often associated with formal or full-time positions and is a significant milestone in Japanese society.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1514

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discharge

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退院 (たいいん)' refers to the act of being discharged from a hospital or medical facility after receiving treatment. It is commonly used in medical contexts to indicate that a patient has recovered sufficiently to leave the hospital. For example: The patient was discharged from the hospital「患者は退院しました」(かんじゃはたいいんしました). She will be discharged tomorrow「彼女は明日退院します」(かのじょはあしたたいいんします). Note that '退院' is often used in formal or medical settings and implies a sense of recovery or completion of treatment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1515

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Require, Summarize

Reading

Kanji

要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese verb '要する (ようする)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to require' or 'to need', often used to indicate necessity. For example: This task requires patience「この仕事は忍耐を要する」(このしごとはにんたいをようする). The second meaning is 'to summarize' or 'to conclude', used when condensing information into a concise form. For example: To summarize, we need more time「要するにもっと時間が必要だ」(ようするにもっとじかんがひつようだ). The verb is formal and often used in written or professional contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1516

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ink

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'インク (inku)' refers to 'ink', a liquid or paste used for writing, printing, or drawing. It is a loanword from English, commonly used in contexts involving pens, printers, or art supplies. For example: The ink in my pen ran out「ペンのインクがなくなった」(ペンのインクがなくなった). Please refill the printer ink「プリンターのインクを補充してください」(プリンターのインクをほじゅうしてください). This word is widely understood in modern Japanese and is often associated with writing instruments or printing technology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1517

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Husband

Reading

Kanji

旦Dawn 那What

Explanation

The Japanese noun '旦那 (だんな)' primarily means 'husband'. It is a somewhat formal or traditional term used to refer to one's husband, often implying respect or a certain level of formality. It can also be used to address or refer to a master or boss, particularly in historical or service contexts. For example: my husband is kind「私の旦那は優しい」(わたしのだんなはやさしい). The master of the house is strict「旦那様は厳しい」(だんなさまはきびしい). Note that in modern usage, '旦那' is less common in casual speech, with '夫 (おっと)' or '主人 (しゅじん)' being more frequently used to refer to a husband.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contract

Reading

Kanji

契Pledge 約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '契約 (けいやく)' refers to a formal agreement or contract between parties. It is commonly used in legal, business, and personal contexts to describe binding agreements. For example: We signed a contract「契約を結びました」(けいやくをむすびました). The contract has been terminated「契約は解除されました」(けいやくはかいじょされました). This term is often paired with verbs like '結ぶ (むすぶ)' (to conclude) or '解除する (かいじょする)' (to cancel) to describe the act of making or ending a contract.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1519

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tie, Connect

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese verb '結ぶ (むすぶ)' has two primary meanings: 'to tie' and 'to connect'. When used in the sense of 'to tie', it refers to physically binding or fastening something, such as tying a knot or a ribbon. For example: I tied my shoelaces「靴ひもを結んだ」(くつひもをむすんだ). In the sense of 'to connect', it can refer to forming a relationship, linking ideas, or establishing a bond. For example: The bridge connects the two cities「その橋は二つの都市を結ぶ」(そのはしはふたつのとしをむすぶ). The verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and metaphorical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1520

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Negotiation

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 渉Have relations with, Ford

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '交渉 (こうしょう)' means 'negotiation'. It refers to the process of discussing and reaching an agreement between two or more parties. This term is commonly used in business, politics, and personal relationships. For example: The negotiation was successful「交渉は成功した」(こうしょうはせいこうした). We need to start negotiations「交渉を始める必要がある」(こうしょうをはじめるひつようがある). It can also imply a back-and-forth discussion to resolve a conflict or reach a compromise. For instance: The union is in negotiations with the company「組合は会社と交渉中だ」(くみあいはかいしゃとこうしょうちゅうだ).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1521

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crime

Reading

Kanji

犯Crime 罪Sin, Guilt

Explanation

The Japanese noun '犯罪 (はんざい)' means 'crime'. It refers to an act that is against the law and punishable by the legal system. This word is commonly used in legal, social, and everyday contexts to describe illegal activities. For example: The police are investigating the crime「警察は犯罪を調査しています」(けいさつははんざいをちょうさしています). He was arrested for committing a crime「彼は犯罪を犯して逮捕された」(かれははんざいをおかしてたいほされた). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as discussing crime rates or societal issues related to crime.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hole

Reading

Kanji

穴Hole

Explanation

The Japanese noun '穴 (あな)' means 'hole'. It refers to an opening or hollow space in a surface or object. This word can be used in various contexts, such as describing a hole in the ground, a hole in clothing, or even metaphorical holes like gaps in knowledge. For example: There is a hole in the wall「壁に穴がある」(かべにあながある). I found a hole in my sock「靴下に穴を見つけた」(くつしたにあなをみつけた). The word can also be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '穴があったら入りたい (あながあったらはいりたい)', which means 'I want to crawl into a hole' and expresses extreme embarrassment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1523

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Five thousand

Reading

Kanji

五Five 千Thousand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '五千 (ごせん)' means 'five thousand'. This word is used to denote the number 5000 in Japanese. It is a combination of the kanji for 'five' (五) and 'thousand' (千). This term is commonly used in contexts involving counting, pricing, or any situation where large numbers are discussed. For example: the price is five thousand yen「値段は五千円です」(ねだんはごせんえんです). There are five thousand people in the stadium「スタジアムには五千人がいます」(スタジアムにはごせんにんがいます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1524

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Air conditioner

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'クーラー (kuuraa)' refers to an 'air conditioner', a device used to cool and dehumidify the air in a room or building. It is commonly used in homes, offices, and public spaces, especially during the hot and humid Japanese summers. For example: The air conditioner is broken「クーラーが壊れている」(くーらーがこわれている). Please turn on the air conditioner「クーラーをつけてください」(くーらーをつけてください). In some contexts, 'クーラー' can also refer to a cooler or chiller for food and drinks, but this usage is less common and typically specified with additional context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1525

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Participation

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '参加 (さんか)' means 'participation'. It refers to the act of joining or taking part in an event, activity, or group. It is commonly used in formal and informal contexts to describe involvement in meetings, events, or organizations. For example: I will participate in the meeting「会議に参加します」(かいぎにさんかします). She enjoys participating in volunteer activities「彼女はボランティア活動に参加するのが好きです」(かのじょはボランティアかつどうにさんかするのがすきです). Note that '参加' is often paired with verbs like 'する' (to do) or 'する予定です' (plan to do) to indicate participation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tears

Reading

Kanji

涙Tear, Teardrop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '涙 (なみだ)' means 'tears'. This word refers to the drops of liquid that come from the eyes when someone cries, whether due to sadness, joy, or other strong emotions. It is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: Tears fell from her eyes「彼女の目から涙が落ちた」(かのじょのめからなみだがおちた). He wiped away his tears「彼は涙を拭いた」(かれはなみだをぬぐった). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions, such as '涙を流す (なみだをながす)', which means 'to shed tears'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1527

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Increase

Reading

Kanji

増Increase 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '増加 (ぞうか)' means 'increase'. It refers to the act of becoming greater in size, amount, or number. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe growth or expansion in various areas such as population, prices, or data. For example: The population is increasing「人口が増加している」(じんこうがぞうかしている). There was an increase in prices「価格の増加があった」(かかくのぞうかがあった). It's important to note that '増加' is often used in reports, statistics, and discussions about trends.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Popularity

Reading

Kanji

人Person 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人気 (にんき)' means 'popularity'. It refers to the state of being liked, admired, or supported by many people. This word is often used to describe the popularity of people, places, products, or trends. For example: This restaurant is very popular「このレストランはとても人気です」(このレストランはとてもにんきです). That actor has gained a lot of popularity「あの俳優は人気が出ました」(あのはいゆうはにんきがでました). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '人気者 (にんきもの)' (popular person) or '人気商品 (にんきしょうひん)' (popular product).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1529

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Corporation

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '法人 (ほうじん)' refers to a 'corporation' or 'legal entity'. It is used to describe an organization that is recognized by law as a single entity, separate from its members, and has legal rights and responsibilities. This term is commonly used in business and legal contexts. For example: The corporation was established last year「その法人は去年設立されました」(そのほうじんはきょねんせつりつされました). Non-profit organizations are also considered legal entities「非営利団体も法人とみなされます」(ひえいりだんたいもほうじんとみなされます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Processing

Reading

Kanji

加Join, Add 工Construction

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '加工 (かこう)' means 'processing'. It refers to the act of altering, modifying, or treating raw materials or data to create a finished product or result. This term is commonly used in contexts such as manufacturing, food production, and data handling. For example: The factory processes raw materials「工場は原料を加工する」(こうじょうはげんりょうをかこうする). This data needs further processing「このデータはさらに加工が必要だ」(このデータはさらにかこうがひつようだ). The word can also imply refinement or improvement, as in '加工食品 (かこうしょくひん) (processed food)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1531

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dark, Gloomy

Reading

Kanji

暗Darkness

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '暗い (くらい)' primarily means 'dark', referring to a lack of light. It can also mean 'gloomy', describing a somber or depressing atmosphere. For example: The room is dark「部屋が暗い」(へやがくらい). His mood is gloomy「彼の気分は暗い」(かれのきぶんはくらい). This word is often used to describe physical darkness, such as a dark room or night, as well as emotional states or situations that feel heavy or depressing. Note that the second meaning is distinct and unrelated to the first, as it refers to an emotional or atmospheric quality rather than a physical one.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1532

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Answer

Reading

Kanji

答Answer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '答え (こたえ)' means 'answer'. It is used to refer to a response to a question, problem, or situation. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: What is the answer?「答えは何ですか？」(こたえはなんですか？). I know the answer「答えを知っています」(こたえをしっています). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a solution or resolution to a problem. For instance: The answer to this problem is simple「この問題の答えは簡単です」(このもんだいのこたえはかんたんです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1533

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Criticism

Reading

Kanji

批Criticize 判Judge, Stamp

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '批判 (ひはん)' means 'criticism'. It refers to the act of analyzing and evaluating something, often pointing out its faults or shortcomings. This word is commonly used in contexts such as social commentary, reviews, or discussions where judgment or evaluation is involved. For example: His criticism was harsh「彼の批判は厳しかった」(かれのひはんはきびしかった). The media criticized the government「メディアは政府を批判した」(メディアはせいふをひはんした). Note that '批判' can carry a negative connotation, implying disapproval or fault-finding, but it can also be used neutrally in analytical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1534

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Evaluation, Appraisal

Reading

Kanji

評Evaluate 価Price

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '評価 (ひょうか)' refers to the act of assessing or judging the value, quality, or performance of something or someone. It is commonly used in contexts such as performance reviews, product reviews, or academic assessments. For example: The teacher gave a high evaluation to the student「先生はその生徒に高い評価を与えた」(せんせいはそのせいとにたかいひょうかをあたえた). This product received a good appraisal from customers「この商品は顧客から良い評価を受けた」(このしょうひんはこきゃくからよいひょうかをうけた). Note that '評価' can also imply a formal or systematic judgment, often used in professional or academic settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1535

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Power, Authority

Reading

Kanji

権Rights, Authority 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '権力 (けんりょく)' refers to 'power' or 'authority', particularly in a political, social, or organizational context. It often implies the ability to control or influence others, institutions, or systems. For example: The government holds great power「政府は大きな権力を持っている」(せいふはおおきなけんりょくをもっている). He used his authority to make decisions「彼は権力を使って決定を下した」(かれはけんりょくをつかってけっていをくだした). Note that '権力' is often associated with formal or institutional power, as opposed to personal influence or strength.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1536

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

What, How

Reading

Kanji

如As, Likeness 何What

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '如何 (いかが)' is used to inquire about the state, condition, or quality of something. It can mean 'how' or 'what' depending on the context. It is often used in polite or formal situations to ask for opinions or to make suggestions. For example: How is the weather?「天気は如何ですか？」(てんきはいかがですか). What do you think?「ご意見は如何ですか？」(ごいけんはいかがですか). It can also be used to make polite offers, such as: Would you like some tea?「お茶はいかがですか？」(おちゃはいかがですか). The word carries a nuance of politeness and is commonly used in formal conversations or customer service settings.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1537

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Breakdown, Malfunction

Reading

Kanji

故Reason, Deceased 障Hinder, Hurt

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '故障 (こしょう)' refers to a breakdown or malfunction, typically of machinery, equipment, or systems. It is commonly used to describe when something stops working properly due to a defect or failure. For example: The car broke down「車が故障した」(くるまがこしょうした). The computer is malfunctioning「コンピューターが故障している」(コンピューターがこしょうしている). This term is often used in technical or mechanical contexts but can also apply to abstract systems or plans that fail to function as intended.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1538

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Material, Ingredient

Reading

Kanji

材Materials, Timber 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '材料 (ざいりょう)' can mean either 'ingredient' or 'material', depending on the context. When referring to cooking or recipes, it typically means 'ingredient'. For example: the ingredients for this dish are fresh「この料理の材料は新鮮です」(このりょうりのざいりょうはしんせんです). In a broader sense, it can also refer to 'material' used in construction, manufacturing, or other processes. For example: we need more materials to build the house「家を建てるためにもっと材料が必要です」(いえをたてるためにもっとざいりょうがひつようです). The word is versatile and context-dependent, so pay attention to how it is used in sentences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1539

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Repair

Reading

Kanji

修Discipline 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '修理 (しゅうり)' means 'repair'. It refers to the act of fixing or restoring something that is broken or damaged. This word is commonly used in contexts involving mechanical, electronic, or structural repairs. For example: I will repair the car「車を修理します」(くるまをしゅうりします). The watch is under repair「時計は修理中です」(とけいはしゅうりちゅうです). It can also be used in a broader sense, such as repairing relationships or systems, though it is most frequently associated with physical objects.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1540

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Income

Reading

Kanji

所Place 得Acquire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '所得 (しょとく)' refers to 'income' or 'earnings'. It is commonly used in contexts related to finance, economics, and personal earnings. This term can refer to various types of income, such as salary, wages, or profits. For example: His income is high「彼の所得は高い」(かれのしょとくはたかい). The government taxes income「政府は所得に課税する」(せいふはしょとくにかぜいする). It is important to note that '所得' is often used in formal or official contexts, such as tax-related discussions or financial reports.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1541

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change, Transfer

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride 換Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乗り換える (のりかえる)' primarily means 'to transfer' or 'to change' in the context of transportation. It is commonly used when switching from one mode of transportation to another, such as changing trains, buses, or planes. For example: I will transfer to the next train「次の電車に乗り換えます」(つぎのでんしゃにのりかえます). She changed buses at the station「彼女は駅でバスを乗り換えた」(かのじょはえきでバスをのりかえた). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe changing something, such as switching jobs or changing one's approach to a situation. For instance: He changed his career path「彼はキャリアを乗り換えた」(かれはキャリアをのりかえた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1542

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slow, Late

Reading

Kanji

遅Slow, Late

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '遅い (おそい)' has two distinct meanings: 'slow' and 'late'. When used to mean 'slow', it describes something that takes a long time to move, happen, or be completed. For example: This train is slow「この電車は遅い」(このでんしゃはおそい). When used to mean 'late', it refers to something occurring after the expected or usual time. For example: I am late for the meeting「会議に遅い」(かいぎにおそい). The context in which '遅い' is used will determine whether it means 'slow' or 'late'. It is important to note that this adjective can describe both physical speed and timing, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1543

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transfer

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride 換Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乗り換え (のりかえ)' means 'transfer'. It is commonly used in the context of transportation, such as changing trains, buses, or other modes of transport. For example: I need to transfer at Shinjuku Station「新宿駅で乗り換えが必要です」(しんじゅくえきでのりかえがひつようです). The transfer point is on the third floor「乗り換えの場所は三階です」(のりかえのばしょはさんかいです). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe switching from one thing to another, such as changing jobs or switching topics in a conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1544

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uncle, Middle aged man

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'おじさん (おじさん)' primarily means 'uncle', referring to one's father or mother's brother. However, it is also commonly used to refer to any middle-aged man, often in a casual or familiar context. This term can carry nuances of respect or affection, depending on the situation. For example: That man is my uncle「あの男性は私のおじさんです」(あのだんせいはわたしのおじさんです). The middle-aged man helped me「おじさんが助けてくれました」(おじさんがたすけてくれました). It's important to note that the term can sometimes be used humorously or sarcastically, depending on the tone and context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1545

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seems

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'ぽい (ぽい)' is used to indicate that something seems or appears to be a certain way, often implying a resemblance or likelihood. It is commonly attached to nouns or adjectives to create a new adjective. For example: childlike or childish「子供っぽい」(こどもっぽい). This suffix can also carry a nuance of exaggeration or overemphasis, depending on the context. Another example: it seems like rain「雨っぽい」(あめっぽい). Note that 'ぽい' is informal and often used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

1546

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change clothes

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear 替Replace, Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verb '着替える (きがえる)' means 'to change clothes'. It is used when someone changes their outfit, typically from one set of clothes to another. This verb is commonly used in daily life, such as when getting dressed in the morning, changing into work clothes, or switching to pajamas. For example: I will change clothes before going out「出かける前に着替えます」(でかけるまえにきがえます). She changed into a beautiful dress「彼女はきれいなドレスに着替えた」(かのじょはきれいなどれすにきがえた). Note that '着替える' is often used in contexts where the act of changing clothes is intentional and complete.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1547

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Floor

Reading

Kanji

床Bed, Floor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '床 (ゆか)' refers to the 'floor' of a building or room. It is commonly used to describe the surface that people walk on indoors. This word is often used in contexts related to architecture, interior design, and daily life. For example: The floor is clean「床がきれいです」(ゆかがきれいです). I sat on the floor「床に座りました」(ゆかにすわりました). It can also refer to the floor of a stage or platform in specific contexts. Note that '床' is distinct from '地面 (じめん)', which refers to the ground or earth outdoors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1548

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Psychology

Reading

Kanji

心Heart 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '心理 (しんり)' refers to 'psychology' or the mental and emotional state of a person. It is often used in contexts related to understanding human behavior, thoughts, and feelings. For example: understanding the psychology of fear「恐怖の心理を理解する」(きょうふのしんりをりかいする). The psychology behind decision-making「意思決定の心理」(いしけっていのしんり). This term is commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts to discuss mental processes and behaviors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1549

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Minister

Reading

Kanji

大Big 臣Servant, Retainer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大臣 (だいじん)' refers to a 'minister', specifically a high-ranking government official who is in charge of a specific ministry or department. This term is commonly used in political contexts to denote individuals who hold significant authority within the government. For example: The Minister of Finance spoke at the conference「財務大臣が会議で話しました」(ざいむだいじんがかいぎではなしました). The Prime Minister appointed a new Minister of Education「首相が新しい文部科学大臣を任命しました」(しゅしょうがあたらしいもんぶかがくだいじんをにんめいしました). It's important to note that '大臣' is often used in combination with the specific ministry they oversee, such as '外務大臣 (がいむだいじん)' for 'Minister of Foreign Affairs'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1550

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Measure, Plan

Reading

Kanji

図Map

Explanation

The Japanese verb '図る (はかる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to plan' or 'to attempt', often used when someone is trying to achieve a specific goal or outcome. For example: He planned to improve the company's performance「彼は会社の業績を改善しようと図った」(かれはかいしゃのぎょうせきをかいぜんしようとはかった). The second meaning is 'to measure', typically used in contexts involving physical measurement or calculation. For example: She measured the length of the table「彼女はテーブルの長さを図った」(かのじょはテーブルのながさをはかった). These two meanings are unrelated, so they are listed separately. The verb is versatile and its meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1551

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Break, Tear

Reading

Kanji

破Break, Tear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '破れる (やぶれる)' primarily means 'to tear' or 'to break'. It is used to describe something that has been physically torn, such as paper or fabric, or something that has broken, such as a relationship or a plan. For example: the paper tore「紙が破れた」(かみがやぶれた). Their relationship broke「彼らの関係が破れた」(かれらのかんけいがやぶれた). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe the failure or collapse of something, such as a plan or a dream. For example: the plan fell apart「計画が破れた」(けいかくがやぶれた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1552

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finally

Reading

Kanji

遂Consummate, Accomplish

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '遂に (ついに)' means 'finally' and is used to indicate that something has happened after a long wait or effort. It often carries a sense of culmination or achievement. For example: He finally arrived「彼は遂に到着した」(かれはついにとうちゃくした). The project is finally complete「そのプロジェクトは遂に完了した」(そのプロジェクトはついにかんりょうした). This word is typically used in contexts where there is a sense of relief or accomplishment after a long period of time or effort.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1553

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Property

Reading

Kanji

財Wealth 産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '財産 (ざいさん)' refers to 'property' or 'assets'. It encompasses anything of value that is owned by an individual or entity, including real estate, money, investments, and personal belongings. This term is often used in legal and financial contexts to discuss ownership, inheritance, or wealth. For example: He inherited a large property「彼は大きな財産を相続した」(かれはおおきなざいさんをそうぞくした). Protecting intellectual property is important「知的財産を守ることは重要だ」(ちてきざいさんをまもることはじゅうようだ). The word can also metaphorically refer to non-material assets, such as skills or experiences, considered valuable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ambulance

Reading

Kanji

救Rescue 急Urgent 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese noun '救急車 (きゅうきゅうしゃ)' refers to an 'ambulance', a vehicle equipped to transport sick or injured people to a hospital. It is commonly used in emergency situations. For example: Call an ambulance!「救急車を呼んで！」(きゅうきゅうしゃをよんで！). The ambulance arrived quickly「救急車がすぐに到着した」(きゅうきゅうしゃがすぐにとうちゃくした). The word is a compound of '救急 (きゅうきゅう)', meaning 'emergency', and '車 (しゃ)', meaning 'vehicle'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1555

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clothes

Reading

Kanji

服Obey, Clothing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '服 (ふく)' means 'clothes'. It refers to garments or clothing items worn on the body. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing attire, fashion, or dressing up. For example: I bought new clothes「新しい服を買いました」(あたらしいふくをかいました). She is wearing beautiful clothes「彼女はきれいな服を着ています」(かのじょはきれいなふくをきています). The word can also be used in compound words like '制服 (せいふく)' (uniform) or '洋服 (ようふく)' (Western-style clothing).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1556

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tune, Joint

Reading

Kanji

節Season, Node

Explanation

The Japanese noun '節 (ふし)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a 'joint' or 'node', such as the joints in bamboo or the nodes in a plant stem. For example: the bamboo has many joints「竹には節が多い」(たけにはふしがおおい). The second meaning refers to a 'tune' or 'melody', often used in the context of traditional Japanese music or songs. For example: she sang a beautiful tune「彼女は美しい節を歌った」(かのじょはうつくしいふしをうたった). These two meanings are unrelated and should be considered separately.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1557

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Management

Reading

Kanji

管Pipe 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '管理 (かんり)' means 'management'. It refers to the act of controlling, overseeing, or administering something, such as a business, property, or system. This word is commonly used in professional and organizational contexts. For example: He is in charge of the management of the company「彼は会社の管理を担当しています」(かれはかいしゃのかんりをたんとうしています). Proper management of resources is essential「資源の適切な管理が不可欠です」(しげんのてきせつなかんりがふかけつです). The word can also be used in contexts like 'time management' (時間管理, じかんかんり) or 'stress management' (ストレス管理, ストレスかんり).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1558

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Brain

Reading

Kanji

脳Brain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '脳 (のう)' refers to the 'brain', the organ in the head that controls thought, memory, and bodily functions. It is commonly used in both scientific and everyday contexts. For example: The brain is an important organ「脳は重要な器官です」(のうはじゅうようなきかんです). He has a sharp brain「彼は鋭い脳を持っている」(かれはするどいのうをもっている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe intelligence or mental capacity, as in '彼は脳がいい (かれはのうがいい) (He is smart).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1559

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lighter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ライター (raitaa)' refers to a 'lighter', a device used to produce a flame, typically for lighting cigarettes, candles, or other items. It is a loanword from English, and its usage is straightforward. For example: Do you have a lighter?「ライターを持っていますか？」(らいたーをもっていますか？). He bought a new lighter「彼は新しいライターを買った」(かれはあたらしいらいたーをかった). The word is commonly used in everyday conversations, especially in contexts involving smoking or lighting something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1560

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Black

Reading

Kanji

黒Black

Explanation

The Japanese noun '黒 (くろ)' means 'black'. It refers to the color black and is commonly used to describe objects, clothing, or anything that is black in color. For example: the cat is black「その猫は黒です」(そのねこはくろです). I like black clothes「私は黒い服が好きです」(わたしはくろいふくがすきです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something as being 'dark' or 'sinister' in a figurative sense, such as in '黒い噂 (くろいうわさ)' (dark rumors).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1561

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sing

Reading

Kanji

歌Song

Explanation

The Japanese verb '歌う (うたう)' means 'to sing'. It is used to describe the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, often in a structured and rhythmic manner. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as singing a song, performing in a concert, or even singing casually. For example: She sings beautifully「彼女は美しく歌う」(かのじょはうつくしくうたう). I will sing at the party「パーティーで歌う」(パーティーでうたう). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe something that resembles singing, such as the sound of a bird. For example: The birds are singing in the morning「鳥が朝に歌っている」(とりがあさにうたっている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1562

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrest

Reading

Kanji

逮Catch up with, Apprehend 捕Catch

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '逮捕 (たいほ)' means 'arrest'. It refers to the act of taking someone into custody by legal authority, typically in the context of law enforcement. This term is commonly used in legal, news, and everyday contexts when discussing criminal activities or police actions. For example: The police made an arrest「警察が逮捕した」(けいさつがたいほした). He was arrested for theft「彼は窃盗で逮捕された」(かれはせっとうでたいほされた). Note that '逮捕' is often used in formal or serious contexts and is not typically used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Posture

Reading

Kanji

姿Shape, Figure 勢Power, Force

Explanation

The Japanese noun '姿勢 (しせい)' primarily means 'posture'. It refers to the way in which someone holds their body, especially when standing or sitting. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's attitude or stance towards a particular issue. For example: good posture is important「良い姿勢は大切です」(よいしせいはたいせつです). His posture towards work is very serious「彼の仕事に対する姿勢はとても真剣です」(かれのしごとにたいするしせいはとてもしんけんです). In both literal and metaphorical contexts, '姿勢' emphasizes the physical or mental alignment of a person.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1564

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Load, Trick

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乗せる (のせる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to load' or 'to place something on top of something else', such as loading items onto a vehicle or placing food on a plate. For example: I loaded the boxes onto the truck「箱をトラックに乗せた」(はこをトラックにのせた). The second meaning is 'to trick' or 'to deceive someone', often used in contexts where someone is misled or taken advantage of. For example: He tricked me into buying it「彼は私を乗せてそれを買わせた」(かれはわたしをのせてそれをかわせた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as 'to include someone in a plan' or 'to let someone join in'. For example: Let's include him in the project「彼をプロジェクトに乗せよう」(かれをプロジェクトにのせよう).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1565

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shirt

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ワイシャツ (waishatsu)' refers to a dress shirt, typically worn in formal or business settings. It is derived from the English word 'white shirt' and is commonly used in Japan to describe a button-up shirt with a collar, often worn with a suit. Example sentences: He bought a new shirt「彼は新しいワイシャツを買った」(かれはあたらしいワイシャツをかった). I ironed my shirt「私はワイシャツにアイロンをかけた」(わたしはワイシャツにアイロンをかけた). Note that while 'ワイシャツ' specifically refers to formal shirts, it is sometimes used more broadly to describe any button-up shirt.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1566

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Article

Reading

Kanji

記Record 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '記事 (きじ)' refers to an 'article', typically in the context of written content found in newspapers, magazines, or online publications. It is used to describe a piece of writing that provides information, news, or commentary on a specific topic. For example: I read an interesting article「面白い記事を読みました」(おもしろいきじをよみました). This article is about technology「この記事はテクノロジーについてです」(このきじはてくのろじーについてです). The word can also be used more broadly to refer to any written record or report, but it is most commonly associated with journalistic or informational content.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1567

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

War

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 争Dispute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '戦争 (せんそう)' means 'war'. It refers to a state of armed conflict between different nations, states, or groups. This term is often used in historical, political, or social contexts to describe large-scale conflicts. For example: The war ended in 1945「戦争は1945年に終わった」(せんそうは1945ねんにおわった). Many people suffered during the war「多くの人が戦争中に苦しんだ」(おおくのひとがせんそうちゅうにくるしんだ). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe intense competition or conflict in non-military contexts, such as 'price wars' or 'trade wars'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1568

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chair

Reading

Kanji

椅Chair 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '椅子 (いす)' means 'chair'. This word refers to a piece of furniture designed for sitting, typically having a back and four legs. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to various types of chairs, such as office chairs, dining chairs, or armchairs. For example: Please sit on the chair「椅子に座ってください」(いすにすわってください). This chair is comfortable「この椅子は快適です」(このいすはかいてきです). The word '椅子' is straightforward and does not carry additional nuanced meanings, making it easy to use in various contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Claim, Credit

Reading

Kanji

債Debt 権Rights, Authority

Explanation

The Japanese noun '債権 (さいけん)' refers to a legal right to demand payment or performance from another party. It is commonly used in financial and legal contexts. The first meaning, 'claim,' refers to the right to demand something owed, such as money or services. The second meaning, 'credit,' refers to the financial aspect where one party lends money or goods to another with the expectation of repayment. Example sentences: The company has a claim against the debtor「その会社は債務者に対して債権を持っている」(そのかいしゃはさいむしゃにたいしてさいけんをもっている). The bank extended credit to the small business「銀行はその小企業に債権を提供した」(ぎんこうはそのしょうきぎょうにさいけんをていきょうした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1570

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strategy

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 略Abbreviation, Strategy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戦略 (せんりゃく)' means 'strategy'. It refers to a carefully devised plan or method to achieve a specific goal, often used in contexts like business, military, or personal planning. For example: The company's strategy was successful「会社の戦略は成功した」(かいしゃのせんりゃくはせいこうした). He is good at creating strategies「彼は戦略を立てるのが上手だ」(かれはせんりゃくをたてるのがじょうずだ). This word is commonly used in formal or professional settings and emphasizes a long-term, well-thought-out approach.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1571

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shogunate

Reading

Kanji

幕Curtain 府Government office, Urban prefecture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幕府 (ばくふ)' refers to the 'shogunate', which was the military government of Japan during the feudal period. The shogunate was headed by the shogun, the supreme military commander, and it was the de facto government of Japan from the 12th to the 19th century, while the emperor remained a symbolic figurehead. The term is often used in historical contexts to describe the political and military structure of feudal Japan. For example: The Tokugawa shogunate ruled Japan for over 250 years「徳川幕府は250年以上日本を支配した」(とくがわばくふはにひゃくごじゅうねんいじょうにほんをしはいした). The shogunate was abolished during the Meiji Restoration「幕府は明治維新の際に廃止された」(ばくふはめいじいしんのさいにはいしされた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1572

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soldier

Reading

Kanji

兵Soldier

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兵 (へい)' primarily means 'soldier'. It refers to a person who serves in an army or military force. This term is often used in formal or historical contexts. For example: The soldier fought bravely「兵は勇敢に戦った」(へいはゆうかんにたたかった). Many soldiers were injured「多くの兵が負傷した」(おおくのへいがふしょうした). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '兵士 (へいし)' which also means 'soldier', but '兵' alone is more concise and often used in literary or formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1573

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Competition

Reading

Kanji

競Compete 争Dispute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '競争 (きょうそう)' means 'competition'. It refers to a situation in which individuals or groups strive to outperform each other, often in a specific activity or field. This word is commonly used in contexts such as sports, business, academics, or any scenario where rivalry or striving for superiority is involved. For example: The competition was fierce「競争は激しかった」(きょうそうははげしかった). They are in competition for the top position「彼らはトップの座を競争している」(かれらはトップのざをきょうそうしている). Note that '競争' can also imply a sense of striving or effort, not just direct rivalry.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mix, Crowded

Reading

Kanji

混Mix 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '混む・込む (こむ・こむ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'crowded', referring to a place being full of people or things. For example: The train is crowded「電車が混んでいる」(でんしゃがこんでいる). The second meaning is 'mix', referring to combining or blending different elements together. For example: Mix the ingredients well「材料をよく混む」(ざいりょうをよくこむ). It's important to note that the verb can be used in both transitive and intransitive forms, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1575

Composition

kanji-hiragana-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shower

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'シャワー (shawaa)' refers to a shower, specifically the act of taking a shower or the shower itself as a bathroom fixture. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: I took a shower「シャワーを浴びた」(しゃわーをあびた). The shower is broken「シャワーが壊れている」(しゃわーがこわれている). This word is typically used in contexts related to personal hygiene or bathroom facilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1576

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

County

Reading

Kanji

郡County, District

Explanation

The Japanese noun '郡 (ぐん)' refers to a 'county', which is an administrative division in Japan, smaller than a prefecture but larger than a city, town, or village. This term is used in geographical and administrative contexts to denote a specific area within a prefecture. For example: This county is known for its beautiful landscapes「この郡は美しい景色で知られています」(このぐんはうつくしいけしきでしられています). The county office is located in the center of the town「郡役所は町の中心にあります」(ぐんやくしょはまちのちゅうしんにあります). It's important to note that '郡' is a formal term and is less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to more specific terms like '市 (し)' (city) or '町 (まち)' (town).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1577

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Say

Reading

Kanji

申Report

Explanation

The Japanese verb '申す (もうす)' is a humble form of the verb '言う (いう)', meaning 'to say'. It is used when the speaker is referring to their own actions in a humble or polite manner, often in formal or respectful contexts. This verb is commonly used in business settings, formal introductions, or when speaking to someone of higher status. For example: I am called Tanaka「田中と申します」(たなかともうします). I would like to say something「一言申したいことがあります」(ひとこともうしたいことがあります). Note that '申す' is part of keigo (敬語), the Japanese honorific language system, and is used to show respect to the listener or the subject of the conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1578

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weak

Reading

Kanji

弱Weak

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '弱い (よわい)' means 'weak'. It is used to describe a lack of physical strength, emotional resilience, or even the intensity of something like light or flavor. For example: he is weak「彼は弱い」(かれはよわい). This tea is weak「このお茶は弱い」(このおちゃはよわい). It can also describe vulnerability or susceptibility, as in 'weak to colds'「風邪に弱い」(かぜによわい). The adjective is versatile and can be applied to both tangible and intangible concepts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1579

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese determiner 'あらゆる (arayuru)' means 'every' or 'all possible'. It is used to refer to every possible instance or type of something, often implying a sense of comprehensiveness or inclusivity. This word is typically used before a noun to emphasize that no exceptions are being made. For example: every possible means「あらゆる手段」(あらゆるしゅだん). Every kind of flower「あらゆる種類の花」(あらゆるしゅるいのはな). It is important to note that 'あらゆる' carries a nuance of thoroughness, suggesting that nothing is left out.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Frequency

1580

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Depth

Reading

Kanji

深Deep

Explanation

The Japanese noun '深さ (ふかさ)' means 'depth'. It refers to the measurement of how deep something is, whether it's a physical object like a pool or an abstract concept like emotions. For example: the depth of the ocean「海の深さ」(うみのふかさ). The depth of his feelings「彼の感情の深さ」(かれのかんじょうのふかさ). This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts to describe the extent or intensity of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1581

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Support

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support

Explanation

The Japanese verb '支える (ささえる)' means 'to support'. It is used to describe the act of providing physical, emotional, or financial support to someone or something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as supporting a family, holding up a structure, or backing up an idea. For example: I support my family「私は家族を支える」(わたしはかぞくをささえる). The pillars support the building「柱が建物を支えている」(はしらがたてものをささえている). It can also imply sustaining or maintaining something, as in '支える力 (ささえるちから) (supporting force)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1582

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Old

Reading

Kanji

旧Old, Past

Explanation

The Japanese noun '旧 (きゅう)' primarily means 'old' or 'former'. It is often used to refer to something that is outdated, previous, or no longer in use. This word is commonly seen in contexts such as '旧制度 (きゅうせいど)' meaning 'old system' or '旧友 (きゅうゆう)' meaning 'old friend'. It can also be used in historical contexts to refer to past eras or systems. For example: the old calendar「旧暦」(きゅうれき). This is the former president「これは旧大統領です」(これはきゅうだいとうりょうです). The word '旧' is often used in formal or written contexts and carries a nuance of something being replaced or outdated.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1583

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bed

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ベッド (beddo)' refers to a 'bed', specifically the piece of furniture used for sleeping. This word is a loanword from English, and it is commonly used in modern Japanese to refer to Western-style beds. For example: I bought a new bed「新しいベッドを買いました」(あたらしいベッドをかいました). The bed is comfortable「そのベッドは快適です」(そのベッドはかいてきです). It is important to note that traditional Japanese futons are not referred to as 'ベッド', but rather as '布団 (ふとん)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1584

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doubt

Reading

Kanji

疑Doubt, Suspect 問Question, Problem

Explanation

The Japanese noun '疑問 (ぎもん)' means 'doubt' or 'question'. It refers to a feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction about something. This word is often used when someone is unsure about a fact, statement, or situation. For example: I have doubts about his story「彼の話に疑問を持っています」(かれのはなしにぎもんをもっています). There is no doubt that she is talented「彼女が才能があることに疑問はありません」(かのじょがさいのうがあることにぎもんはありません). The word can also be used in a more philosophical sense to express skepticism or inquiry, as in '疑問を抱く (ぎもんをいだく)' (to harbor doubts).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1585

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Silent

Reading

Kanji

黙Silent, Shut up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '黙る (だまる)' means 'to be silent' or 'to stop talking'. It is used when someone chooses not to speak or stops speaking, often in response to a situation or request. This verb can imply a deliberate choice to remain quiet, sometimes out of defiance, contemplation, or simply because there is nothing to say. For example: He remained silent during the meeting「彼は会議中黙っていた」(かれはかいぎちゅうだまっていた). Please be quiet for a moment「ちょっと黙ってください」(ちょっとだまってください). The verb can also carry a nuance of stubbornness or refusal to engage in conversation, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1586

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Swimming

Reading

Kanji

水Water 泳Swim

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '水泳 (すいえい)' means 'swimming'. It refers to the activity or sport of moving through water by using one's arms and legs. This word is commonly used in contexts related to sports, exercise, or recreational activities. For example: I like swimming「水泳が好きです」(すいえいがすきです). Swimming is good for health「水泳は健康に良い」(すいえいけんこうにいい). It can also be used in compound words, such as '水泳大会 (すいえいたいかい)' (swimming competition).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1587

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Air

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '空気 (くうき)' primarily means 'air', referring to the invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth. It is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about the atmosphere or the air in a specific place. Additionally, '空気' can also metaphorically refer to the mood or atmosphere of a situation or environment. For example: The air is fresh here「ここは空気が新鮮だ」(ここはくうきがしんせんだ). The atmosphere in the room was tense「部屋の空気が緊張していた」(へやのくうきがきんちょうしていた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1588

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Supermarket

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'スーパーマーケット (suupaamaaketto)' means 'supermarket'. It refers to a large self-service retail store offering a wide variety of food and household products. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation when referring to places where people go to buy groceries and other daily necessities. For example: I went to the supermarket「スーパーマーケットに行きました」(すーぱーまーけっとにいきました). The supermarket is crowded today「スーパーマーケットは今日混んでいます」(すーぱーまーけっとはきょうこんでいます). Note that 'スーパーマーケット' is often shortened to 'スーパー (suupaa)' in casual speech.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1589

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last

Reading

Kanji

最Most 終End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最終 (さいしゅう)' means 'last' or 'final'. It is commonly used to refer to the last or final instance of something, such as the last train, the final episode of a series, or the ultimate conclusion of an event. For example: the last train「最終電車」(さいしゅうでんしゃ). This is the final episode「これは最終回です」(これはさいしゅうかいです). The final decision will be made tomorrow「最終的な決定は明日行われます」(さいしゅうてきなけっていはあしたおこなわれます). Note that '最終' often carries a sense of definitiveness or conclusion, and it is frequently used in formal or structured contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1590

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Specification

Reading

Kanji

仕Serve 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仕様 (しよう)' refers to a 'specification' or 'design'. It is commonly used in technical, engineering, or product development contexts to describe the detailed requirements, features, or parameters of a system, product, or process. For example: the specification of this machine is complex「この機械の仕様は複雑です」(このきかいのしようはふくざつです). We need to check the product specifications「製品の仕様を確認する必要があります」(せいひんのしようをかくにんするひつようがあります). The word can also imply the way something is designed or intended to function, as in '仕様書 (しようしょ)' (specification document).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1591

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Washroom

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 面Face, Surface 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洗面所 (せんめんじょ)' refers to a 'washroom' or 'bathroom sink area'. It is specifically used to describe the area where one washes their face, brushes their teeth, or performs other personal hygiene tasks. This term is commonly used in homes, hotels, and public facilities. For example: The washroom is on the first floor「洗面所は一階にあります」(せんめんじょはいっかいにあります). I left my toothbrush in the washroom「洗面所に歯ブラシを忘れました」(せんめんじょにはブラシをわすれました). Note that this term is distinct from 'トイレ (といれ)', which specifically refers to the toilet area.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1592

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Younger brother

Reading

Kanji

弟Younger brother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弟 (おとうと)' means 'younger brother'. It specifically refers to a male sibling who is younger than the speaker. This term is commonly used in family contexts and is neutral in tone. For example: my younger brother is kind「私の弟は優しい」(わたしのおとうとはやさしい). I have a younger brother「私は弟がいます」(わたしはおとうとがいます). Note that '弟' is used only for younger brothers; older brothers are referred to as '兄 (あに)'. The term does not change based on the speaker's gender.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1593

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Garden

Reading

Kanji

庭Garden

Explanation

The Japanese noun '庭 (にわ)' means 'garden'. It refers to an outdoor area, typically adjacent to a house or building, that is cultivated with plants, flowers, or trees. This word is commonly used to describe both traditional Japanese gardens and more general garden spaces. For example: The garden is beautiful「庭がきれいです」(にわがきれいです). I play in the garden「庭で遊びます」(にわであそびます). It can also be used in compound words like '庭園 (ていえん)' (garden or park) or '家庭 (かてい)' (home or household), though the latter is unrelated to the meaning of 'garden'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1594

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Handkerchief

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ハンカチ (hankachi)' refers to a 'handkerchief', a small piece of cloth used for personal hygiene purposes such as wiping one's hands or face. It is a loanword from the English 'handkerchief', adapted into Japanese katakana. Example sentences: She gave me a handkerchief「彼女は私にハンカチをくれた」(かのじょはわたしにはんかちをくれた). I always carry a handkerchief「私はいつもハンカチを持っています」(わたしはいつもはんかちをもっています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1595

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Internet

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'インターネット (intaanetto)' refers to the 'internet', the global system of interconnected computer networks. It is a loanword from English, written in katakana to reflect its foreign origin. This term is widely used in both formal and informal contexts to discuss anything related to online activities, connectivity, or digital communication. For example: I use the internet every day「私は毎日インターネットを使います」(わたしはまいにちインターネットをつかいます). The internet is fast here「ここはインターネットが速いです」(ここはインターネットがはやいです). Note that 'インターネット' is often used interchangeably with 'ネット (netto)', a more casual abbreviation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

1596

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Longtime

Reading

Kanji

久Long time

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '久しぶり (ひさしぶり)' is used to express that something is happening after a long time or that it has been a while since something last occurred. It often conveys a sense of nostalgia or excitement about re-engaging with something familiar. For example: It's been a long time since I saw you「久しぶりに会いました」(ひさしぶりにあいました). It's been a while since I ate sushi「久しぶりに寿司を食べました」(ひさしぶりにすしをたべました). This word is commonly used in casual conversations and can also stand alone as an exclamation, such as '久しぶり！' to mean 'Long time no see!' or 'It's been a while!'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1597

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Element, Factor

Reading

Kanji

要Important, Need 素Element

Explanation

The Japanese noun '要素 (ようそ)' can mean both 'element' and 'factor'. As 'element', it refers to a fundamental or essential part of something, often used in scientific or technical contexts. For example: Hydrogen is an important element「水素は重要な要素です」(すいそはじゅうようなようそです). As 'factor', it refers to something that contributes to a result or situation. For example: Hard work is a key factor for success「努力は成功の重要な要素です」(どりょくはせいこうのじゅうようなようそです). The word is versatile and can be used in various contexts, from chemistry to social sciences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1598

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receive

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 取Take

Explanation

The Japanese verb '受け取る (うけとる)' primarily means 'to receive'. It is used when someone accepts or takes something that is given, handed, or sent to them. This verb can be used for both physical objects and abstract concepts like messages or feelings. For example: I received a letter「手紙を受け取った」(てがみをうけとった). She received his feelings「彼女は彼の気持ちを受け取った」(かのじょはかれのきもちをうけとった). It is important to note that '受け取る' often implies an active acceptance or understanding of what is being received, rather than just passively getting something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1599

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cool

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷える (ひえる)' means 'to cool' or 'to become cold'. It is often used to describe a decrease in temperature, either literally or metaphorically. For example: the beer has cooled「ビールが冷えた」(びーるがひえた). My body feels cold「体が冷える」(からだがひえる). This verb can also be used to describe a cooling of emotions or relationships, such as 'their relationship has cooled down'「彼らの関係は冷えた」(かれらのかんけいはひえた). Note that '冷える' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. To express the action of cooling something else, the transitive verb '冷やす (ひやす)' is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1600

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting