Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Aunt, Middle aged woman

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'おばさん (おばさん)' has two primary meanings. First, it refers to 'aunt', specifically one's mother's sister or father's sister. For example: my aunt is kind「私のおばさんは優しい」(わたしのおばさんはやさしい). Second, it is a colloquial term used to refer to a middle-aged woman, often in a neutral or slightly informal way. For example: that middle-aged woman is my neighbor「あのおばさんは私の隣人です」(あのおばさんはわたしのりんじんです). The term can sometimes carry a slightly negative or dismissive connotation depending on the context, so it should be used carefully. It is important to note that 'おばさん' is distinct from 'おばあさん', which means 'grandmother' or 'elderly woman'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2101

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

AD

Reading

Kanji

西West 暦Calendar, Almanac

Explanation

The Japanese noun '西暦 (せいれき)' refers to the Gregorian calendar system, commonly used internationally. It is often used to denote years in the Western calendar, similar to 'Anno Domini' (AD) in English. For example: The year 2023 in the Gregorian calendar is 2023年 in 西暦「2023年は西暦2023年です」(にせんにじゅうさんねんはせいれきにせんにじゅうさんねんです). The event occurred in 1999 AD「その出来事は西暦1999年に起こりました」(そのできごとはせいれきせんきゅうひゃくきゅうじゅうきゅうねんにおこりました). This term is essential when discussing historical or international dates in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2102

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Takeout

Reading

Kanji

取Take 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り出す (とりだす)' means 'to take out' or 'to extract'. It is used when removing something from a container, pocket, or any enclosed space. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as taking out an item from a bag, extracting information, or retrieving something from storage. For example: I took out a book from my bag「私はバッグから本を取り出した」(わたしはバッグからほんをとりだした). He extracted the key from his pocket「彼はポケットから鍵を取り出した」(かれはポケットからかぎをとりだした). The verb is often used in everyday situations and is essential for describing actions involving retrieval or removal.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2103

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soviet Union

Reading

Kanji

連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ソ連 (それん)' is an abbreviation for 'ソビエト連邦 (ソビエトれんぽう)', which translates to 'Soviet Union'. It refers to the former socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991, encompassing much of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. This term is commonly used in historical or political contexts. For example: The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991「ソ連は1991年に崩壊した」(それんは1991ねんにほうかいした). During the Cold War, the Soviet Union was a superpower「冷戦中、ソ連は超大国だった」(れいせんちゅう、それんはちょうたいこくだった).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2104

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hurry

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent

Explanation

The Japanese verb '急ぐ (いそぐ)' means 'to hurry' or 'to rush'. It is used when someone is in a hurry to do something or needs to move quickly. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as rushing to catch a train, hurrying to finish a task, or moving quickly to a destination. For example: I have to hurry to the station「駅に急がないといけない」(えきにいそがないといけない). She hurried to finish her homework「彼女は宿題を急いで終わらせた」(かのじょはしゅくだいをいそいでおわらせた). The verb can also be used in its negative form to indicate not being in a hurry, such as '急がない (いそがない)' meaning 'not in a hurry'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2105

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comb

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'くし' refers to a 'comb', a tool used for arranging or cleaning hair. It is a common household item and can be made from various materials such as wood, plastic, or metal. Example sentences: I bought a new comb「新しいくしを買いました」(あたらしいくしをかいました). She lost her comb「彼女はくしをなくしました」(かのじょはくしをなくしました). The word 'くし' can also be used metaphorically to describe something that resembles the teeth of a comb, such as a comb-like structure in nature or machinery.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2106

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smelly

Reading

Kanji

臭Stinking, Bad smell

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '臭い (くさい)' means 'smelly' or 'having a bad odor'. It is used to describe something that emits an unpleasant smell. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something suspicious or fishy in a non-literal sense. For example: This cheese is smelly「このチーズは臭い」(このチーズはくさい). Something about this situation seems fishy「この状況は何か臭い」(このじょうきょうはなにかくさい). Note that '臭い' can sometimes carry a negative connotation, so it should be used carefully in conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2107

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agriculture

Reading

Kanji

農Agriculture 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '農業 (のうぎょう)' means 'agriculture'. It refers to the practice of cultivating crops, raising livestock, and producing food, fiber, and other goods through farming. This term is commonly used in discussions about farming practices, rural economies, and food production. For example: Agriculture is important for the economy「農業は経済にとって重要です」(のうぎょうはけいざいにとってじゅうようです). My family works in agriculture「私の家族は農業をしています」(わたしのかぞくはのうぎょうをしています). The word can also appear in compound terms like '農業技術 (のうぎょうぎじゅつ)' (agricultural technology).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2108

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Panic

Reading

Kanji

慌Flurried, Disconcerted

Explanation

The Japanese verb '慌てる (あわてる)' means 'to panic' or 'to be flustered'. It describes a state of confusion or agitation, often due to unexpected events or urgency. This verb can be used in various situations, such as when someone is in a hurry, surprised, or overwhelmed. For example: Don't panic「慌てないで」(あわてないで). She panicked when she lost her wallet「彼女は財布をなくして慌てた」(かのじょはさいふをなくしてあわてた). The nuance of this verb often implies a lack of composure or calmness in response to a situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2109

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sue, Appeal

Reading

Kanji

訴Sue, Appeal

Explanation

The Japanese verb '訴える (うったえる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to sue', which refers to taking legal action against someone in court. For example: he sued the company for damages「彼は損害賠償を求めて会社を訴えた」(かれはそんがいばいしょうをもとめてかいしゃをうったえた). The second meaning is 'to appeal', which refers to making a strong emotional or logical request or plea. For example: she appealed to the audience for support「彼女は観客に支援を訴えた」(かのじょはかんきゃくにしえんをうったえた). The verb can also be used in contexts where someone is expressing a strong feeling or complaint, such as pain or dissatisfaction. For example: he complained of severe pain「彼は激しい痛みを訴えた」(かれははげしいいたみをうったえた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2110

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Command

Reading

Kanji

命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '命ずる (めいずる)' means 'to command' or 'to order'. It is a formal and authoritative term used when someone in a position of authority issues a directive or instruction. This verb is often used in official, military, or hierarchical contexts. For example: The general commanded the soldiers to advance「将軍は兵士たちに進撃を命じた」(しょうぐんはへいしたちにしんげきをめいじた). The teacher ordered the students to be quiet「先生は生徒たちに静かにするよう命じた」(せんせいはせいとたちにしずかにするようめいじた). Note that '命ずる' is less commonly used in casual conversation and is typically replaced by simpler verbs like '言う (いう)' or '指示する (しじする)' in everyday speech.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2111

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cleaning

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'クリーニング (kuriiningu)' refers to the act of cleaning, particularly professional cleaning services such as dry cleaning. It is often used in contexts where clothes or other items are cleaned by a professional service. For example: I took my suit to the dry cleaners「スーツをクリーニングに出した」(スーツをクリーニングにだした). This shirt needs cleaning「このシャツはクリーニングが必要だ」(このシャツはクリーニングがひつようだ). The term is borrowed from English and is commonly used in everyday Japanese to refer to cleaning services.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2112

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Increasingly

Reading

Kanji

益Profit, Benefit

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '益々 (ますます)' means 'increasingly' or 'more and more'. It is used to indicate that something is growing or intensifying over time. This word is often used in formal or written contexts, such as business communications, speeches, or literature. For example: The company is increasingly successful「その会社は益々成功しています」(そのかいしゃはますますせいこうしています). The weather is getting colder and colder「天気は益々寒くなっています」(てんきはますますさむくなっています). Note that '益々' is typically used in positive contexts to describe growth or improvement, but it can also be used neutrally to describe any kind of increase.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2113

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fan

Reading

Kanji

扇Fan, Folding fan 風Wind, Style 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '扇風機 (せんぷうき)' refers to an electric fan, specifically a device used to circulate air and create a cooling effect. It is commonly used in homes, offices, and other indoor spaces, especially during hot weather. Example sentences: The fan is on「扇風機がついている」(せんぷうきがついている). Please turn on the fan「扇風機をつけてください」(せんぷうきをつけてください). This fan is quiet「この扇風機は静かです」(このせんぷうきはしずかです). Note that '扇風機' specifically refers to electric fans and not handheld fans, which are called '団扇 (うちわ)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2114

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Possess

Reading

Kanji

有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese verb '有する (ゆうする)' means 'to possess' or 'to have'. It is a formal or literary term often used in written language or formal speech. This verb is typically used to indicate ownership, possession, or the existence of something abstract, such as rights, qualities, or characteristics. For example: He possesses great talent「彼は才能を有する」(かれはさいのうをゆうする). This country has abundant natural resources「この国は豊かな天然資源を有する」(このくにはゆたかなてんねんしげんをゆうする). Note that '有する' is more formal than the common verb '持つ (もつ)', which also means 'to have' or 'to hold'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2115

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pork

Reading

Kanji

豚Pig, Pork 肉Meat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '豚肉 (ぶたにく)' means 'pork'. It refers to the meat of a pig and is commonly used in Japanese cuisine. This word is often seen in menus, recipes, and grocery stores. For example: I bought pork at the supermarket「スーパーで豚肉を買いました」(スーパーでぶたにくをかいました). This dish is made with pork「この料理は豚肉で作られています」(このりょうりはぶたにくでつくられています). Pork is a staple ingredient in many Japanese dishes, such as tonkatsu (pork cutlet) and buta no shogayaki (ginger pork).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2116

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Watch, Clock

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時計 (とけい)' refers to devices that measure and indicate time. It can mean both 'clock' (a device typically found on walls or desks) and 'watch' (a portable timepiece worn on the wrist). This word is commonly used in everyday contexts to refer to timekeeping devices. For example: The clock is on the wall「時計は壁にあります」(とけいはかべにあります). I bought a new watch「新しい時計を買いました」(あたらしいとけいをかいました). The context usually clarifies whether it refers to a clock or a watch, but both meanings are widely understood.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2117

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feast

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ごちそう' (ごちそう) refers to a 'feast' or a 'lavish meal'. It is often used to express gratitude for a meal, especially one that is particularly delicious or abundant. The term can also be used more broadly to describe any treat or indulgence, not just food. For example: Thank you for the feast「ごちそうさまでした」(ごちそうさまでした). This is a feast for the eyes「これは目のごちそうだ」(これはめのごちそうだ). The word 'ごちそう' is commonly heard in the phrase 'ごちそうさまでした', which is said after finishing a meal to express thanks to the host or cook.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2118

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Firstly

Reading

Kanji

取Take 敢Daring

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '取り敢えず (とりあえず)' is commonly used to indicate that something is being done as a first step or temporarily, often implying that further action or consideration will follow. It can be translated as 'for now,' 'firstly,' or 'to start with.' This word is often used in casual conversations to suggest that the speaker is taking an initial action without fully committing to a final decision. For example: Let's order a beer for now「取り敢えずビールを注文しよう」(とりあえずビールをちゅうもんしよう). I'll send the email for now「取り敢えずメールを送ります」(とりあえずメールをおくります). The nuance here is that the action is provisional, and more steps may follow.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2119

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unexpected

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '意外 (いがい)' means 'unexpected'. It is used to describe situations, events, or outcomes that are surprising or contrary to what one might anticipate. This word often carries a nuance of something being unexpectedly good, bad, or simply different from what was assumed. For example: The test was unexpectedly easy「テストは意外に簡単だった」(テストはいがいにかんたんだった). Her reaction was unexpected「彼女の反応は意外だった」(かのじょのはんのうはいがいだった). It can also be used in phrases like '意外と (いがいと)', which emphasizes the surprising nature of something, as in '意外と面白い (いがいとおもしろい) (unexpectedly interesting)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2120

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Both hands

Reading

Kanji

両Both 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '両手 (りょうて)' means 'both hands'. This term is used to refer to the use or involvement of both hands together, often in activities that require coordination or strength from both hands. It can be used in various contexts, such as physical activities, gestures, or when describing actions that involve both hands. For example: He caught the ball with both hands「彼は両手でボールをキャッチした」(かれはりょうてでぼーるをきゃっちした). Please wash both hands before eating「食べる前に両手を洗ってください」(たべるまえにりょうてをあらってください). The term emphasizes the use of both hands as opposed to just one, highlighting the involvement or necessity of both in the action described.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2121

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Watch

Reading

Kanji

腕Ability, Arm 時Time, Hour 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese noun '腕時計 (うでどけい)' refers to a 'watch', specifically a wristwatch. This term is used to describe a timepiece worn on the wrist, typically with a strap or bracelet. It is a common item in daily life and can be used in various contexts, such as fashion, functionality, or as a gift. For example: I bought a new watch「新しい腕時計を買いました」(あたらしいうでどけいをかいました). His watch is very expensive「彼の腕時計はとても高いです」(かれのうでどけいはとてもたかいです). The word is a combination of '腕 (うで)' meaning 'arm' and '時計 (とけい)' meaning 'clock' or 'watch', emphasizing the location where the watch is worn.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2122

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sweets, Snack

Reading

Kanji

菓Fruit, Cake 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お菓子 (おかし)' refers to snacks or sweets, typically enjoyed between meals or as a treat. It encompasses a wide variety of confectioneries, from traditional Japanese sweets like '和菓子 (わがし)' to Western-style candies and pastries. For example: I bought some snacks「お菓子を買いました」(おかしをかいました). Children love sweets「子供はお菓子が大好きです」(こどもはおかしがだいすきです). The term is often used in casual contexts and is a common item in Japanese households.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2123

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Admirable, Splendid

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 派Sect, Faction

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '立派 (りっぱ)' conveys a sense of excellence, grandeur, or something being commendable. It is often used to describe people, achievements, or objects that are impressive or praiseworthy. For example: He is a splendid person「彼は立派な人です」(かれはりっぱなひとです). This is an admirable achievement「これは立派な成果です」(これはりっぱなせいかです). The term can also imply a sense of dignity or being well-suited for a particular role or purpose, such as in the sentence: She has grown into a splendid adult「彼女は立派な大人になりました」(かのじょはりっぱなおとなになりました).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2124

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Part, Separate

Reading

Kanji

別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '別れる (わかれる)' primarily means 'to part' or 'to separate'. It is often used to describe the act of parting ways with someone, such as in a relationship, friendship, or even physically separating from a group. This verb can carry emotional weight, especially when used in the context of romantic relationships. For example: They decided to part ways「彼らは別れることに決めた」(かれらはわかれることにきめた). I had to separate from my friends at the station「駅で友達と別れなければならなかった」(えきでともだちとわかれなければならなかった). Note that this verb is distinct from '分かれる (わかれる)', which means 'to divide' or 'to split' in a more neutral or physical sense.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2125

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bow

Reading

Kanji

辞Word, Resign 儀Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お辞儀 (おじぎ)' refers to the act of bowing, which is a common gesture in Japanese culture used to show respect, gratitude, or apology. Bowing is deeply ingrained in Japanese etiquette and varies in depth and duration depending on the situation and the level of formality. For example: He bowed deeply to show his respect「彼は深くお辞儀をして敬意を示した」(かれはふかくおじぎをしてけいいをしめした). She gave a slight bow when greeting her teacher「彼女は先生に挨拶するとき軽くお辞儀をした」(かのじょはせんせいにあいさつするときかるくおじぎをした). The depth and duration of the bow can convey different levels of respect or formality, making it an important aspect of Japanese social interactions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2126

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Treat

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ごちそうする (ごちそうする)' means 'to treat' or 'to entertain someone with food or a meal'. It is often used when someone offers to pay for or prepare a meal for another person as a gesture of kindness or hospitality. For example: I will treat you to dinner「私がごちそうします」(わたしがごちそうします). He treated me to a delicious meal「彼は私においしい食事をごちそうしてくれた」(かれはわたしにおいしいしょくじをごちそうしてくれた). This verb is derived from the noun 'ごちそう (ごちそう)', which means 'feast' or 'treat', and is commonly used in social or celebratory contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

2127

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Play

Reading

Kanji

遊Play

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遊び (あそび)' means 'play' or 'playing'. It refers to the act of engaging in activities for enjoyment or recreation, often without a specific purpose. This word can be used to describe children playing, adults engaging in hobbies, or even playful interactions. For example: Children are playing in the park「子供たちは公園で遊んでいる」(こどもたちはこうえんであそんでいる). I enjoy playing games「私はゲームで遊ぶのが好きです」(わたしはゲームであそぶのがすきです). Additionally, '遊び' can sometimes imply a sense of leisure or free time, as in '遊びに行く (あそびにいく)' which means 'to go out for fun'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2128

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oversleeping

Reading

Kanji

寝Lie down, Go to sleep 坊Boy, Sonny

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '寝坊 (ねぼう)' refers to the act of oversleeping or waking up late. It is often used to describe someone who has slept longer than intended, causing them to be late for an appointment, work, or school. For example: I overslept this morning「今朝寝坊した」(けさねぼうした). Don't oversleep tomorrow「明日寝坊しないで」(あしたねぼうしないで). The term can also be used to describe a person who is habitually late due to oversleeping, as in '彼は寝坊だ (かれはねぼうだ) (He is a late riser).' It carries a slightly negative connotation, implying carelessness or lack of punctuality.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2129

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theme

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'テーマ (てーま)' means 'theme'. It is a loanword from the English 'theme' and is used in similar contexts, such as the main subject or topic of a discussion, work of art, or event. For example: the theme of the party is 'retro'「パーティーのテーマはレトロです」(ぱーてぃーのてーまはれとろです). This novel's theme is love「この小説のテーマは愛です」(このしょうせつのてーまはあいです). It is commonly used in both casual and formal settings, and can refer to a wide range of subjects, from artistic themes to themes in academic research.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2130

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

One after another

Reading

Kanji

次Next

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '次々 (つぎつぎ)' means 'one after another' or 'in succession'. It is used to describe events, actions, or things happening continuously or in rapid sequence. This word emphasizes the flow or progression of events without interruption. For example: new products are released one after another「新製品が次々と発表される」(しんせいひんがつぎつぎとはっぴょうされる). People entered the room one after another「人々が次々と部屋に入った」(ひとびとがつぎつぎとへやにはいった). The adverb often pairs with particles like 'と' to emphasize the continuous nature of the action.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2131

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pencil

Reading

Kanji

鉛Lead 筆Brush

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鉛筆 (えんぴつ)' means 'pencil'. It refers to a common writing instrument made of a thin cylindrical graphite core encased in wood. This word is widely used in everyday contexts, such as in schools, offices, or at home. For example: I bought a new pencil「新しい鉛筆を買いました」(あたらしいえんぴつをかいました). Please lend me a pencil「鉛筆を貸してください」(えんぴつをかしてください). The word is straightforward and does not carry additional nuanced meanings, making it easy to use in various situations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2132

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fountain pen

Reading

Kanji

万Ten thousand 年Year 筆Brush

Explanation

The Japanese noun '万年筆 (まんねんひつ)' refers to a 'fountain pen'. This term is used to describe a type of pen that uses liquid ink stored in a reservoir, which is fed to the nib through capillary action. Fountain pens are often associated with elegance and are commonly used for formal writing or calligraphy. Example sentences: I bought a new fountain pen「新しい万年筆を買いました」(あたらしいまんねんひつをかいました). This fountain pen writes smoothly「この万年筆は書きやすいです」(このまんねんひつはかきやすいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2133

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spread, Be conveyed

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '伝わる (つたわる)' primarily means 'to spread' or 'to be conveyed'. It is used to describe the transmission or dissemination of information, news, or cultural elements from one place or person to another. It can also refer to the way something is perceived or understood by others. For example: The news spread quickly「ニュースがすぐに伝わった」(ニュースがすぐにつたわった). The meaning of his words was conveyed clearly「彼の言葉の意味がはっきり伝わった」(かれのことばのいみがはっきりつたわった). This verb is often used in contexts involving communication, culture, or the flow of information.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2134

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spill

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'こぼれる' means 'to spill' or 'to overflow'. It is used to describe liquids or small particles (like grains or sand) falling out of a container unintentionally. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe emotions or light spilling out, such as tears or sunlight. For example: The milk spilled「牛乳がこぼれた」(ぎゅうにゅうがこぼれた). Her tears spilled over「彼女の涙がこぼれた」(かのじょのなみだがこぼれた). The sunlight spilled into the room「日光が部屋にこぼれた」(にっこうがへやにこぼれた). Note that 'こぼれる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

2135

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bookshelf

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 箱Box

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本箱 (ほんばこ)' refers to a 'bookshelf' or a 'bookcase'. It is a compound word formed from '本 (ほん)' meaning 'book' and '箱 (はこ)' meaning 'box' or 'case'. This word is commonly used to describe furniture designed to store and organize books. For example: I bought a new bookshelf「新しい本箱を買いました」(あたらしいほんばこをかいました). The bookshelf is full of books「本箱は本でいっぱいです」(ほんばこはほんでいっぱいです). It can also refer to smaller storage containers for books, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2136

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practice

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 践Tread, Implement

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実践 (じっせん)' means 'practice' in the sense of putting theory or knowledge into action. It is often used in contexts related to education, training, or personal development, where the focus is on applying what has been learned. For example: Practice is important for mastering a skill「実践はスキルを習得するために重要です」(じっせんはスキルをしゅうとくするためにじゅうようです). He put his ideas into practice「彼は自分の考えを実践した」(かれはじぶんのかんがえをじっせんした). The word emphasizes the active application of knowledge rather than just theoretical understanding.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2137

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gloves

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 袋Bag, Sack

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手袋 (てぶくろ)' means 'gloves'. This word refers to a covering for the hands, typically made of fabric, leather, or other materials, worn for protection or warmth. It is commonly used in everyday conversation, especially during colder seasons. For example: I bought new gloves「新しい手袋を買いました」(あたらいてぶくろをかいました). Please wear gloves when it's cold「寒い時は手袋をしてください」(さむいときはてぶくろをしてください). The word can also be used in specific contexts, such as sports or work gloves, but the primary meaning remains consistent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2138

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relevant

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 該Correspond to

Explanation

The Japanese noun '当該 (とうがい)' means 'relevant' or 'the said'. It is used to refer to something previously mentioned or currently under discussion. This term is often used in formal or legal contexts to specify a particular matter or subject. For example: Please refer to the relevant section「当該のセクションを参照してください」(とうがいのセクションをさんしょうしてください). The said person is not available「当該の人は利用できません」(とうがいのひとはりようできません). It is important to note that '当該' is typically used in written or formal speech rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2139

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Already, No longer

Reading

Kanji

最Most 早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '最早 (もはや)' is used to express that a situation has already reached a certain point or that something is no longer the case. It often carries a nuance of finality or inevitability. For example: It's already too late「最早手遅れだ」(もはやておくれだ). He is no longer the person he used to be「最早彼は昔の彼ではない」(もはやかれはむかしのかれではない). This word is commonly used in formal or literary contexts and can convey a sense of resignation or conclusion.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2140

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'こんなに (こんなに)' is used to indicate the degree or extent of something, often with a sense of surprise or emphasis. It translates to 'this' in English, but specifically in contexts where the degree or extent is being highlighted. For example: I didn't know it was this big「こんなに大きいとは知らなかった」(こんなにおおきいとはしらなかった). It can also be used to express emotions or states, such as: I didn't think it would be this difficult「こんなに難しいとは思わなかった」(こんなにむずかしいとはおもわなかった). The adverb is often used in conversational Japanese to emphasize the speaker's feelings or reactions to a situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2141

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number

Reading

Kanji

数Number 字Character

Explanation

The Japanese noun '数字 (すうじ)' refers to a 'number' or 'numerical figure'. It is commonly used in contexts involving mathematics, statistics, or any situation where numerical values are discussed. For example: Please write the number here「ここに数字を書いてください」(ここにすうじをかいてください). The numbers on the screen are hard to read「画面の数字が読みにくい」(がめんのすうじがよみにくい). This word can also refer to digits or numerals in a broader sense, such as in phone numbers or codes. It is important to note that '数字' specifically refers to the written or symbolic representation of numbers, not the concept of quantity itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Form

Reading

Kanji

形Shape 態Appearance, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '形態 (けいたい)' refers to the 'form' or 'shape' of something, often in a structural or abstract sense. It is commonly used in contexts related to biology, art, or systems to describe the arrangement or configuration of elements. For example: The form of this sculpture is unique「この彫刻の形態は独特だ」(このちょうこくのけいたいはどくとくだ). The company is changing its organizational structure「会社はその組織形態を変えている」(かいしゃはそのそしきけいたいをかえている). This word can also be used in philosophical or theoretical discussions to describe the nature or essence of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2143

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blanket

Reading

Kanji

毛Fur 布Cloth, Linen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毛布 (もうふ)' refers to a 'blanket'. It is commonly used to describe a thick, warm covering used on beds or for wrapping oneself in. This word is often used in everyday contexts, such as when discussing bedding or staying warm. Example sentences: I bought a new blanket「新しい毛布を買いました」(あたらしいもうふをかいました). This blanket is very warm「この毛布はとても暖かいです」(このもうふはとてもあたたかいです). The word '毛布' can also be used metaphorically to describe something that provides comfort or protection, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2144

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bath

Reading

Kanji

風Wind, Style 呂Bath

Explanation

The Japanese noun '風呂 (ふろ)' refers to a bath, specifically a traditional Japanese bath. This term is commonly used to describe the bathing area or the act of bathing itself. In Japanese culture, taking a bath is often a relaxing and cleansing ritual, and '風呂' can refer to both the bathtub and the entire bathroom area. For example: I will take a bath「風呂に入ります」(ふろにはいります). The bath is ready「風呂が沸きました」(ふろがわきました). It's important to note that '風呂' is often used in the context of a traditional Japanese bathhouse or '銭湯 (せんとう)', where people go to bathe communally.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2145

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parcel

Reading

Kanji

小Small 包Wrap

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小包 (こづつみ)' refers to a 'parcel' or 'package', typically used for items sent through the mail or delivered to someone. It is commonly used in contexts involving shipping, receiving, or sending items. For example: I received a parcel from my friend「友達から小包が届きました」(ともだちからこづつみがとどきました). Please send this parcel to the address「この小包をこの住所に送ってください」(このこづつみをこのじゅうしょにおくってください). The word is neutral and can refer to packages of any size, though it often implies something smaller or more personal than larger freight or cargo.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2146

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pouring

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ざあざあ' is an onomatopoeic word used to describe the sound or manner of something pouring heavily, such as rain or water. It conveys a sense of continuous, heavy flow. For example: The rain is pouring down「雨がざあざあ降っている」(あめがざあざあふっている). Water is pouring out of the faucet「蛇口から水がざあざあ出ている」(じゃぐちからみずがざあざあでている). This word is often used in casual contexts to vividly describe the intensity of the pouring action.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2147

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Status

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地位 (ちい)' refers to one's social or professional position, rank, or status. It is often used to describe someone's standing in society, an organization, or a hierarchy. For example: He has a high status in the company「彼は会社で高い地位を持っている」(かれはかいしゃでたかいちいをもっている). She lost her status after the scandal「彼女はスキャンダルの後、地位を失った」(かのじょはすきゃんだるのあと、ちいをうしなった). This word is commonly used in formal or professional contexts to discuss one's role or standing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2148

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Phone book

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 話Talk 帳Notebook

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電話帳 (でんわちょう)' refers to a 'phonebook', which is a directory containing telephone numbers and addresses. This term is commonly used in contexts where one needs to look up contact information. For example: I found his number in the phonebook「電話帳で彼の番号を見つけた」(でんわちょうでかれのばんごうをみつけた). The phonebook is on the table「電話帳はテーブルの上にある」(でんわちょうはテーブルのうえにある). While digital directories are becoming more common, '電話帳' remains a relevant term in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2149

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Potato

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ジャガイモ' refers to a 'potato'. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and cooking contexts. It is derived from the Dutch word 'jakarta imo', where 'imo' means 'potato' in Japanese. 'ジャガイモ' is often used in recipes, grocery shopping, and agricultural discussions. For example: I bought potatoes at the market「市場でジャガイモを買いました」(いちばでじゃがいもをかいました). Potatoes are a staple food in many countries「ジャガイモは多くの国で主食です」(じゃがいもはおおくのくにでしゅしょくです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2150

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hot water

Reading

Kanji

湯Hot water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '湯 (ゆ)' refers to 'hot water'. It is commonly used in contexts related to bathing, cooking, or any situation involving heated water. For example: I will pour hot water「湯を注ぎます」(ゆをそそぎます). The hot water is ready「湯が沸きました」(ゆがわきました). This word is distinct from '水 (みず)', which means 'water' in general, as '湯' specifically implies warmth or heat. It is often used in phrases like 'お湯 (おゆ)', which is a polite form of '湯', and is frequently heard in daily life, especially in relation to bathing or tea preparation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2151

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conversion, Shift

Reading

Kanji

転Revolve 換Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese noun '転換 (てんかん)' refers to a change or transformation from one state, condition, or direction to another. It is often used in contexts involving significant changes, such as in energy conversion, mindset shifts, or policy changes. For example: The company is undergoing a major shift in strategy「会社は戦略の転換をしている」(かいしゃはせんりゃくのてんかんをしている). The conversion of energy is essential for modern technology「エネルギーの転換は現代技術に不可欠だ」(えねるぎーのてんかんはげんだいぎじゅつにふかけつだ). This word can also imply a deliberate or planned change, often with a focus on improvement or adaptation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2152

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Come, Go

Reading

Kanji

参Participate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '参る (まいる)' is a humble form of '行く (いく)' (to go) or '来る (くる)' (to come). It is used to express the speaker's movement to or from a place in a respectful or humble manner, often when referring to oneself in relation to someone of higher status. For example: I will go to the temple「お寺に参ります」(おてらにまいります). He came to the meeting「彼は会議に参りました」(かれはかいぎにまいりました). Additionally, '参る' can also mean to be overwhelmed or defeated, as in: I am at my limit「参りました」(まいりました). This usage conveys a sense of surrender or being overcome by a situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2153

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sleepy

Reading

Kanji

眠Sleep, Sleepy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '眠い (ねむい)' means 'sleepy'. It is used to describe the feeling of wanting to sleep or being drowsy. This word is commonly used in casual conversations to express tiredness or the need for rest. For example: I'm so sleepy today「今日はとても眠い」(きょうはとてもねむい). Why are you so sleepy?「どうしてそんなに眠いの？」(どうしてそんなにねむいの？). It can also describe something that induces sleepiness, such as a boring lecture: This class makes me sleepy「この授業は眠い」(このじゅぎょうはねむい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2154

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cost

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'コスト (kosuto)' means 'cost'. This term is used to refer to the amount of money required to purchase, produce, or maintain something. It is commonly used in business, economics, and everyday conversations. For example: the cost of living is high「生活コストが高い」(せいかつコストがたかい). We need to reduce production costs「生産コストを削減する必要がある」(せいさんコストをさくげんするひつようがある). The word 'コスト' is often used in compound terms like 'コスト削減 (cost reduction)' or 'コストパフォーマンス (cost performance)', which refers to the balance between cost and quality.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2155

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Price

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 段Step, Stairs

Explanation

The Japanese noun '値段 (ねだん)' refers to the 'price' of an item or service. It is commonly used in everyday conversations, especially when discussing shopping, goods, or services. For example: What is the price of this shirt?「このシャツの値段はいくらですか？」(このシャツのねだんはいくらですか？). The price of this car is high「この車の値段は高い」(このくるまのねだんはたかい). It is important to note that '値段' specifically refers to the monetary value of something, and it is often used interchangeably with '価格 (かかく)', though '価格' tends to be more formal and used in business contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2156

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Train

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電車 (でんしゃ)' refers to an electric train, commonly used for public transportation in Japan. It specifically denotes trains powered by electricity, as opposed to other types of trains like steam or diesel. This word is widely used in daily conversations and is essential for navigating Japan's extensive rail network. Example sentences: I take the train to work「電車で仕事に行きます」(でんしゃでしごとにいきます). The train is crowded「電車は混んでいます」(でんしゃはこんでいます). Note that '電車' is often used interchangeably with '列車 (れっしゃ)' in casual contexts, but '列車' can refer to any type of train, not just electric ones.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2157

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exhaust

Reading

Kanji

尽Exhaust

Explanation

The Japanese verb '尽くす (つくす)' means 'to exhaust' or 'to use up completely'. It is often used to describe the act of depleting resources, energy, or effort entirely. For example: I exhausted all my savings「貯金を尽くした」(ちょきんをつくした). He gave his all to help his friend「彼は友達を助けるために力を尽くした」(かれはともだちをたすけるためにちからをつくした). Additionally, '尽くす' can also imply dedicating oneself fully to a cause or person, as in 'to devote oneself'. This nuance is often seen in contexts involving loyalty or service, such as: She devoted her life to her family「彼女は家族に尽くした」(かのじょはかぞくにつくした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2158

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Multiplication

Reading

Kanji

掛Set, Hang 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '掛け算 (かけざん)' refers to the mathematical operation of multiplication. It is used in contexts involving arithmetic or calculations. For example: I learned multiplication in school「学校で掛け算を習った」(がっこうでかけざんをならった). Can you solve this multiplication problem?「この掛け算の問題を解けますか？」(このかけざんのもんだいをとけますか？). The term is commonly used in educational settings or when discussing basic math operations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2159

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Anyway

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ともかく (ともかく)' is used to indicate that something should be done or considered regardless of other factors. It often implies setting aside other considerations or details to focus on the main point. For example: Anyway, let's eat first「ともかく、まず食べよう」(ともかく、まずたべよう). Regardless of the details, we should proceed「詳細はともかく、進めるべきだ」(しょうさいはともかく、すすめるべきだ). This adverb is commonly used in conversational Japanese to shift focus or to suggest moving forward without getting bogged down by minor issues.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2160

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clap

Reading

Kanji

拍Clap, Beat 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '拍手 (はくしゅ)' means 'clap' or 'applause'. It refers to the act of clapping one's hands together, often as a form of appreciation, approval, or celebration. This word is commonly used in contexts such as performances, speeches, or ceremonies. For example: let's give a round of applause「拍手をお願いします」(はくしゅをおねがいします). The audience clapped loudly「観客は大きな拍手を送りました」(かんきゃくはおおきなはくしゅをおくりました). It's important to note that '拍手' can also be used metaphorically to express approval or encouragement in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2161

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Or

Reading

Kanji

若Young

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '若しくは (もしくは)' means 'or'. It is used to present alternatives or choices, often in formal or legal contexts. This conjunction is typically used to connect two items or clauses, indicating that either one or the other is possible. For example: You can choose tea or coffee「お茶若しくはコーヒーを選べます」(おちゃもしくはコーヒーをえらべます). The meeting will be held on Monday or Tuesday「会議は月曜日若しくは火曜日に開催されます」(かいぎはげつようびもしくはかようびにかいさいされます). Note that '若しくは' is more formal than the more commonly used 'または' or 'か'.

Part Of Speech

conjunction

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2162

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not yet

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '未 (み)' means 'not yet' or 'still not'. It is often used to indicate that something has not yet happened or been completed. This word is commonly used in compound words or phrases to express the idea of something being incomplete or pending. For example: The project is not yet finished「プロジェクトは未完了です」(ぷろじぇくとはみかんりょうです). He has not yet arrived「彼は未到着です」(かれはみとうちゃくです). The word '未' can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as '未解決 (みかいけつ)' meaning 'unresolved' or '未確認 (みかくにん)' meaning 'unconfirmed'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2163

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Move, Transfer

Reading

Kanji

移Move, Transfer

Explanation

The Japanese verb '移る (うつる)' can mean 'to move' or 'to transfer', depending on the context. When used to mean 'to move', it often refers to physically relocating from one place to another, such as moving to a new house or city. For example: I will move to Tokyo next month「来月東京に移ります」(らいげつとうきょうにうつります). When used to mean 'to transfer', it can refer to the movement of something abstract, such as emotions, diseases, or responsibilities. For example: The cold transferred to my brother「風邪が弟に移った」(かぜがおとうとうにうつった). It's important to note that this verb is often used with the particle に (ni) to indicate the destination or target of the movement or transfer.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2164

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Announce, Tell

Reading

Kanji

告Announce

Explanation

The Japanese verb '告げる (つげる)' primarily means 'to tell' or 'to announce'. It is used to convey information, often in a formal or serious manner. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as announcing news, declaring something, or informing someone about an important matter. For example: He announced the results「彼は結果を告げた」(かれはけっかをつげた). The bell signaled the end of class「ベルが授業の終わりを告げた」(ベルがじゅぎょうのおわりをつげた). It is important to note that '告げる' often carries a sense of formality or gravity, making it suitable for serious or official announcements.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2165

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cleaning

Reading

Kanji

掃Sweep 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '掃除 (そうじ)' means 'cleaning'. It refers to the act of cleaning or tidying up a space, such as a room, house, or area. This word is commonly used in daily life and can be combined with other words to specify the type of cleaning, such as '部屋の掃除 (へやのそうじ)' (room cleaning). Example sentences: I do cleaning every morning「毎朝掃除をします」(まいあさそうじをします). Please clean your room「部屋を掃除してください」(へやをそうじしてください). The word can also imply a sense of maintaining order or hygiene.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2166

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vacuum

Reading

Kanji

掃Sweep 除Exclude, Remove 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '掃除機 (そうじき)' refers to a 'vacuum cleaner', a device used for cleaning floors and surfaces by suction. It is commonly used in households and workplaces. Example sentences: I bought a new vacuum「新しい掃除機を買いました」(あたらしいそうじきをかいました). Please use the vacuum to clean the room「部屋を掃除するために掃除機を使ってください」(へやをそうじするためにそうじきをつかってください). The word is a combination of '掃除 (そうじ)', meaning 'cleaning', and '機 (き)', meaning 'machine'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2167

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Say

Reading

Kanji

仰Look up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '仰る (おっしゃる)' is a honorific form of the verb '言う (いう)', meaning 'to say'. It is used to show respect towards the person who is speaking. This verb is commonly used in formal situations or when speaking to someone of higher status. For example: What did the teacher say?「先生は何と仰いましたか？」(せんせいはなんとおっしゃいましたか？). Please say it again「もう一度仰ってください」(もういちどおっしゃってください). It's important to note that '仰る' is only used to refer to the actions of others, not oneself.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2168

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Handshake

Reading

Kanji

握Grasp, Grip 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '握手 (あくしゅ)' means 'handshake'. It refers to the act of shaking hands, typically as a greeting, agreement, or sign of mutual respect. This term is commonly used in formal or business settings. For example: we exchanged handshakes「私たちは握手を交わしました」(わたしたちはあくしゅをかわしました). He offered a handshake as a sign of reconciliation「彼は和解の印として握手を申し出た」(かれはわかいのしるしとしてあくしゅをもうしでた). Note that while '握手' is a noun, it can function as a verbal noun (suru-verb) when combined with 'する', as in '握手する (あくしゅする)' meaning 'to shake hands'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2169

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Empire

Reading

Kanji

帝Emperor, Sovereign 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '帝国 (ていこく)' means 'empire'. It refers to a large and powerful group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, often an emperor or empress. This term is commonly used in historical contexts to describe vast territories ruled by a central power, such as the Roman Empire or the British Empire. In modern usage, it can also metaphorically describe large, dominant organizations or entities. Example sentences: The Roman Empire was vast「ローマ帝国は広大だった」(ろーまていこくはこうだいだった). The company is an empire in the tech industry「その会社はテック業界の帝国だ」(そのかいしゃはてっくぎょうかいのていこくだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2170

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scene

Reading

Kanji

場Place 面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '場面 (ばめん)' means 'scene'. It refers to a specific moment, situation, or setting, often in the context of a story, movie, play, or real-life event. This word is commonly used to describe a particular part of a narrative or a significant moment in time. For example: the scene was very emotional「その場面はとても感動的だった」(そのばめんはとてもかんどうてきだった). I remember that scene clearly「その場面をはっきり覚えている」(そのばめんをはっきりおぼえている). It can also be used in everyday conversations to describe a situation, such as 'the scene at the party was lively'「パーティーの場面は賑やかだった」(ぱーてぃーのばめんはにぎやかだった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2171

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Police

Reading

Kanji

巡Go around, Patrol

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お巡りさん (おまわりさん)' is a colloquial and polite term for a police officer. It is derived from the verb '巡る (めぐる)', meaning 'to go around', and refers to the patrol duties of police officers. This term is often used by children or in casual conversations to refer to police officers in a friendly and approachable manner. For example: The police officer helped me「お巡りさんが助けてくれた」(おまわりさんがたすけてくれた). I saw a police officer on the street「通りでお巡りさんを見た」(とおりでおまわりさんをみた). The term carries a warm and respectful tone, making it suitable for everyday use.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2172

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Home

Reading

Kanji

自Self 宅House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自宅 (じたく)' refers to one's own home or residence. It is commonly used to specify a personal living space, as opposed to someone else's home or a public place. For example: I stayed at home today「今日は自宅にいました」(きょうはじたくにいました). My home is near the station「私の自宅は駅の近くです」(わたしのじたくはえきのちかくです). The word emphasizes the personal and private nature of the location, often used in formal or polite contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2173

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

How many

Reading

Kanji

幾Some, How many

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幾つ (いくつ)' is used to ask about the number or quantity of something, typically when the exact number is unknown or unspecified. It is often translated as 'how many' in English. This word is commonly used in questions to inquire about age, quantity, or the number of items. For example: How many apples are there?「りんごは幾つありますか？」(りんごはいくつありますか？). How old is your child?「お子さんは幾つですか？」(おこさんはいくつですか？). Note that '幾つ' is more formal and less commonly used in casual conversation compared to '何個 (なんこ)' or '何歳 (なんさい)' for specific contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2174

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clog, Be stuck

Reading

Kanji

詰Stuff, Packed

Explanation

The Japanese verb '詰まる (つまる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to clog', referring to something becoming blocked or obstructed, such as a drain or a pipe. The second meaning is 'to be stuck', which can refer to a person being stuck in a situation or a physical object being stuck in place. For example: The drain is clogged「排水口が詰まっている」(はいすいぐちがつまっている). I'm stuck on this problem「この問題で詰まっている」(このもんだいでつまっている). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe being at a loss for words or ideas, as in '頭が詰まる (あたまがつまる)' (to be mentally stuck).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2175

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Price, How much

Reading

Kanji

幾Some, How many

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幾ら (いくら)' primarily means 'how much' and is used to inquire about the quantity, amount, or price of something. It is commonly used in questions like 'how much does this cost?' or 'how much is it?'. Additionally, '幾ら' can also mean 'price' in certain contexts, though this usage is less common. Example sentences: How much is this?「これは幾らですか？」(これはいくらですか？). I don't know the price「幾らかわかりません」(いくらかわかりません). Note that '幾ら' is often used in formal or polite contexts, and its usage can vary depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2176

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bond, Security

Reading

Kanji

証Evidence 券Ticket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '証券 (しょうけん)' primarily refers to financial securities, such as stocks, bonds, or other tradable financial instruments. It is commonly used in financial and legal contexts. For example: He bought a security「彼は証券を買った」(かれはしょうけんをかった). The company issued bonds「その会社は証券を発行した」(そのかいしゃはしょうけんをはっこうした). Note that while 'security' is the most common translation, in specific contexts, it can also refer to bonds or other financial documents.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2177

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Workplace

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職場 (しょくば)' refers to the place where someone works, commonly translated as 'workplace' or 'office'. It is used to describe the physical location or environment where work is conducted. This term is neutral and can be applied to various types of work environments, from corporate offices to factories. Example sentences: I like my workplace「私の職場が好きです」(わたしのしょくばがすきです). The workplace is quiet today「職場は今日静かです」(しょくばはきょうしずかです). It can also be used in a broader sense to refer to the professional environment or community, such as in '職場の人間関係 (しょくばのにんげんかんけい)' (workplace relationships).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2178

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Budget

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '予算 (よさん)' means 'budget'. It refers to a financial plan or estimate of income and expenses for a set period of time. This term is commonly used in both personal and organizational contexts, such as government budgets, company budgets, or household budgets. For example: The budget for this project is tight「このプロジェクトの予算は厳しい」(このプロジェクトのよさんはきびしい). We need to adjust the budget「予算を調整する必要がある」(よさんをちょうせいするひつようがある). The word can also be used in compound terms like '予算案 (よさんあん)' (budget proposal) or '予算編成 (よさんへんせい)' (budget formulation).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2179

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fan

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ファン' (ふぁん) is a loanword from English, meaning 'fan'. It can refer to a device that creates airflow, such as an electric fan, or to a person who is an enthusiastic admirer of something, such as a celebrity, sports team, or hobby. For example: I bought a new fan「新しいファンを買いました」(あたらしいふぁんをかいました). She is a big fan of that singer「彼女はその歌手の大ファンです」(かのじょはそのかしゅのだいふぁんです). The word is commonly used in both contexts, and its meaning is usually clear from the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2180

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tempura

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'てんぷら (tenpura)' refers to a popular Japanese dish consisting of seafood or vegetables that have been battered and deep-fried. The dish is known for its light and crispy texture, which is achieved by using a special batter and frying technique. Tempura is often served with a dipping sauce called 'tentsuyu' and is commonly accompanied by grated daikon radish. Example sentences: I love tempura「てんぷらが大好きです」(てんぷらがだいすきです). This restaurant serves delicious tempura「このレストランは美味しいてんぷらを出します」(このレストランはおいしいてんぷらをだします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2181

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Injury

Reading

Kanji

怪Weird, Suspicious 我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '怪我 (けが)' means 'injury'. It refers to physical harm or damage to the body, such as cuts, bruises, or sprains. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and medical contexts. For example: I got a minor injury「軽い怪我をした」(かるいけがをした). Be careful not to get injured「怪我をしないように気をつけて」(けがをしないようにきをつけて). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional or psychological harm, though this usage is less common. It is important to note that '怪我' specifically refers to injuries caused by accidents or external factors, not illnesses or diseases.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2182

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Italy

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'イタリア (itaria)' refers to the country of Italy. It is used in the same way as in English, to denote the nation, its culture, or anything related to it. For example: I want to visit Italy「イタリアに行きたいです」(イタリアにいきたいです). Italian food is delicious「イタリア料理は美味しいです」(イタリアりょうりはおいしいです). The word is written in katakana, as is common for foreign loanwords and proper nouns in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

2183

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Endure, Patience

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego 慢Ridicule, Arrogant

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '我慢 (がまん)' primarily means 'endure' or 'patience'. It refers to the act of enduring or tolerating something difficult, unpleasant, or painful without complaining. This word is often used in contexts where one must suppress their emotions, desires, or discomfort. For example: I endured the pain「痛みを我慢した」(いたみをがまんした). You need to have patience「我慢が必要だ」(がまんがひつようだ). It can also imply self-control, such as resisting the urge to do something, like in: I resisted eating sweets「甘いものを我慢した」(あまいものをがまんした). Note that '我慢' is commonly used in daily conversations and carries a sense of perseverance or holding back.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2184

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Evil

Reading

Kanji

悪Evil

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悪 (あく)' means 'evil'. It refers to something morally wrong, harmful, or malevolent. This word is often used in contexts involving morality, ethics, or negative actions. For example: He is the embodiment of evil「彼は悪の化身だ」(かれはあくのけしんだ). The evil in his heart was clear「彼の心の悪は明らかだった」(かれのこころのあくはあきらかだった). It can also be used in compounds like '悪意 (あくい)' (malice) or '悪魔 (あくま)' (devil). Note that '悪' can also be read as 'わる' in other contexts, but here it specifically refers to the concept of evil as a noun.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2185

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kindergarten

Reading

Kanji

幼Childhood, Infancy 稚Young, Immature 園Garden

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幼稚園 (ようちえん)' refers to a 'kindergarten', which is an educational institution for young children, typically between the ages of 3 and 6, before they enter elementary school. This term is commonly used in Japan to describe preschools that focus on early childhood education. For example: My child goes to kindergarten「私の子供は幼稚園に行きます」(わたしのこどもはようちえんにいきます). The kindergarten is near the park「その幼稚園は公園の近くです」(そのようちえんはこうえんのちかくです). It's important to note that '幼稚園' is distinct from '保育園 (ほいくえん)', which is more like a daycare center for younger children.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2186

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Buddhism

Reading

Kanji

仏Buddha 教Teach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仏教 (ぶっきょう)' refers to 'Buddhism', the religion and philosophy based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha. This term is used to describe the religion itself, its practices, and its teachings. For example: Buddhism originated in India「仏教はインドで始まった」(ぶっきょうはインドではじまった). Many Japanese people practice Buddhism「多くの日本人が仏教を信仰している」(おおくのにほんじんがぶっきょうをしんこうしている). The word is often used in contexts related to religion, culture, and history.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2187

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Evenly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'とんとん (tonton)' is used to describe something progressing or being done in a balanced, even, or smooth manner. It often implies a sense of fairness or equality, such as when dividing something equally or when things are going smoothly without issues. For example: The work is progressing evenly「仕事がとんとん進んでいる」(しごとがとんとんすすんでいる). They divided the money evenly「彼らはお金をとんとんに分けた」(かれらはおかねをとんとんにわけた). This adverb can also be used to describe the sound of light tapping or knocking, such as 'とんとんとドアを叩く (とんとんとドアをたたく)' (knocking on the door lightly).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2188

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second half

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 半Half

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後半 (こうはん)' refers to the 'second half' of something, such as a period of time, an event, or a game. It is often used in contexts like sports, movies, or academic terms. For example: The second half of the movie was exciting「映画の後半は興奮した」(えいがのこうはんはこうふんした). The second half of the year is busy「年の後半は忙しい」(としのこうはんはいそがしい). This term is commonly paired with '前半 (ぜんはん)' to denote the first half of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2189

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Charm

Reading

Kanji

魅Charm, Alluring 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '魅力 (みりょく)' refers to 'charm' or 'attractiveness'. It is used to describe the quality of being appealing or fascinating, whether in a person, object, or situation. For example: Her charm is irresistible「彼女の魅力はたまらない」(かのじょのみりょくはたまらない). This city has a unique charm「この街は独特の魅力がある」(このまちはどくとくのみりょくがある). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as the charm of a story or the attractiveness of a job offer. It is a versatile term often used in both casual and formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2190

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lower, Unload

Reading

Kanji

下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '下ろす (おろす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to lower,' which refers to physically moving something downward, such as lowering a flag or a window. For example: He lowered the flag「彼は旗を下ろした」(かれははたをおろした). The second meaning is 'to unload,' which refers to removing items from a vehicle or container. For example: They unloaded the boxes from the truck「彼らはトラックから箱を下ろした」(かれらはトラックからはこをおろした). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as in financial contexts to mean 'to withdraw' money from an account. For example: I withdrew money from the ATM「ATMからお金を下ろした」(ATMからおかねをおろした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2191

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shade

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 陰Shade

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日陰 (ひかげ)' refers to a place where sunlight is blocked, creating shade. It is commonly used to describe areas under trees, buildings, or other structures that block direct sunlight. For example: let's rest in the shade「日陰で休みましょう」(ひかげでやすみましょう). The flowers grow well in the shade「その花は日陰でよく育つ」(そのはなはひかげでよくそだつ). This word can also carry a metaphorical meaning, such as being in the shadow of someone or something, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2192

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spread, Expand

Reading

Kanji

広Wide

Explanation

The Japanese verb '広げる (ひろげる)' primarily means 'to spread' or 'to expand'. It is used to describe the action of making something wider, broader, or more extensive. This can refer to physical objects, such as spreading out a map or expanding a business. For example: She spread the map on the table「彼女はテーブルに地図を広げた」(かのじょはテーブルにちずをひろげた). The company is expanding its operations「その会社は事業を広げている」(そのかいしゃはじぎょうをひろげている). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as expanding one's horizons or spreading ideas. Note that '広げる' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to complete its meaning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2193

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Top

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'トップ (toppu)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'top'. It is commonly used to refer to the highest position, rank, or level of something. For example, in sports, it can refer to the top player or team. In business, it can refer to the top executive or the highest level of management. Example sentences: He is at the top of the company「彼は会社のトップです」(かれはかいしゃのとっぷです). This team is at the top of the league「このチームはリーグのトップです」(このチームはリーグのとっぷです). The word can also be used in fashion to refer to a top garment, such as a shirt or blouse, but this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2194

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Size

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'サイズ (saizu)' refers to the dimensions, magnitude, or extent of something, commonly used to describe the size of objects, clothing, or other measurable entities. It is a loanword from English, and its usage is straightforward, often appearing in contexts related to shopping, fashion, or measurements. For example: What size do you wear?「あなたはどのサイズを着ますか？」(あなたはどのサイズをきますか？). This shirt is the wrong size「このシャツはサイズが違う」(このシャツはサイズがちがう). The word is versatile and can be applied to both physical and abstract concepts, such as file sizes or portion sizes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2195

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rumor

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'うわさ (uwasa)' means 'rumor'. It refers to unverified information or stories that are spread among people, often about someone or something. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: There is a rumor about him「彼についてのうわさがある」(かれについてのうわさがある). I heard a strange rumor「変なうわさを聞いた」(へんなうわさをきいた). It is important to note that 'うわさ' often carries a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context, as rumors are not always based on facts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2196

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doctor

Reading

Kanji

医Doctor

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '医 (い)' means 'doctor' and is used to refer to medical professionals. It is commonly attached to other words to form terms related to medicine or medical practice. For example: a hospital doctor「病院の医者」(びょういんのいしゃ). A medical student「医学生」(いがくせい). This suffix is often seen in compound words and is a key component in many medical-related terms. It's important to note that '医' by itself is not typically used as a standalone word but rather as part of a larger term.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2197

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fire station

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 防Prevent, Defend 署Government office

Explanation

The Japanese noun '消防署 (しょうぼうしょ)' refers to a 'fire station', which is a facility where firefighters and firefighting equipment are stationed. This term is commonly used in contexts related to emergency services, fire safety, and public safety infrastructure. For example: The fire station is near the park「消防署は公園の近くです」(しょうぼうしょはこうえんのちかくです). I called the fire station to report the fire「火事を報告するために消防署に電話しました」(かじをほうこくするためにしょうぼうしょにでんわしました). The word is a compound of '消防 (しょうぼう)', meaning 'firefighting', and '署 (しょ)', meaning 'office' or 'station'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2198

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Green

Reading

Kanji

緑Green

Explanation

The Japanese noun '緑 (みどり)' means 'green'. It refers to the color green and is often used to describe natural elements like plants, trees, and grass. It can also symbolize nature or environmental themes. For example: The leaves are green「葉っぱは緑です」(はっぱはみどりです). I like the green of the forest「森の緑が好きです」(もりのみどりがすきです). The word can also be used metaphorically to represent freshness, growth, or vitality, as in '緑のエネルギー (みどりのえねるぎー) (green energy)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2199

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Centimeter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'センチ (せんち)' is derived from the English word 'centimeter' and is used as a unit of measurement for length. It is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as measuring height, length, or distance. For example: this table is 80 centimeters long「このテーブルは80センチです」(このテーブルははちじゅうせんちです). She is 160 centimeters tall「彼女は160センチです」(かのじょはひゃくろくじゅうせんちです). Note that 'センチ' is often used in combination with numbers to specify measurements.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

2200

Composition

katakana

Handwriting