Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Hold, Consist

Reading

Kanji

成Become 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verb '成り立つ (なりたつ)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to consist of' or 'to be composed of', often used to describe the components or elements that make up something. For example: This theory consists of three parts「この理論は三つの部分で成り立つ」(このりろんはみっつのぶぶんでなりたつ). The second meaning is 'to hold true' or 'to be valid', used to describe whether a statement, argument, or condition remains valid or applicable. For example: His argument holds true「彼の主張は成り立つ」(かれのしゅちょうはなりたつ). The verb is commonly used in formal or academic contexts to discuss the structure or validity of ideas, theories, or systems.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3501

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plateau

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 原Meadow, Original

Explanation

The Japanese noun '高原 (こうげん)' refers to a 'plateau', which is a flat, elevated landform that rises sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side. This term is commonly used in geography and travel contexts to describe highland areas. For example: The plateau is beautiful「高原は美しい」(こうげんはうつくしい). We went hiking on the plateau「高原でハイキングをしました」(こうげんでハイキングをしました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a state of stability or a high level, such as in economic or emotional contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Capitalism

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 本Book, Origin 主Master 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '資本主義 (しほんしゅぎ)' refers to the economic system known as 'capitalism'. This system is characterized by private ownership of the means of production and the creation of goods or services for profit in a competitive market. It is a fundamental concept in economics and political science. Example sentences include: Capitalism drives innovation「資本主義は革新を促進する」(しほんしゅぎはかくしんをそくしんする). Many countries operate under capitalism「多くの国が資本主義の下で運営されている」(おおくのくにがしほんしゅぎのもとでうんえいされている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3503

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Free

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'フリー (ふりー)' means 'free'. This word is often used to describe something that is without cost, obligation, or restriction. It can be used in various contexts, such as free time, free services, or free software. For example: This Wi-Fi is free「このWi-Fiはフリーです」(このWi-Fiはふりーです). I have free time tomorrow「明日はフリーです」(あしたはふりーです). It's important to note that 'フリー' is a loanword from English, and it is commonly used in modern Japanese to convey the concept of freedom or lack of constraints.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3504

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drift

Reading

Kanji

漂Drift

Explanation

The Japanese verb '漂う (ただよう)' means 'to drift' or 'to float'. It is often used to describe something that moves gently through the air or water, such as a scent, a cloud, or a boat. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a feeling or atmosphere that is present but not clearly defined. For example: the scent of flowers drifts in the air「花の香りが漂う」(はなのかおりがただよう). A mysterious atmosphere drifts in the room「不思議な雰囲気が漂う」(ふしぎなふんいきがただよう). The boat drifts on the calm sea「船が静かな海に漂う」(ふねがしずかなうみにただよう).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3505

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wipe

Reading

Kanji

拭Wipe

Explanation

The Japanese verb '拭く (ふく)' means 'to wipe'. It is commonly used when cleaning or drying surfaces by removing dirt, dust, or moisture. For example: I wiped the table「テーブルを拭いた」(テーブルをふいた). She wiped her tears「彼女は涙を拭いた」(かのじょはなみだをふいた). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as wiping away worries or problems. It is important to note that '拭く' is often used with objects like cloths or tissues, as in '布で拭く (ぬのでふく) (wipe with a cloth)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3506

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

願Request, Wish 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '願書 (がんしょ)' refers to a formal written application or petition. It is commonly used in contexts such as applying for schools, jobs, or official permits. The term carries a formal tone and is often associated with official or bureaucratic processes. Example sentences: Please submit the application by tomorrow「願書を明日までに提出してください」(がんしょをあしたまでにていしゅつしてください). I filled out the application form「願書に記入しました」(がんしょにきにゅうしました). Note that '願書' is typically used in written or formal contexts, and it implies a request or desire for something to be granted.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3507

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jeans

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ジーパン (jiipan)' refers to 'jeans', a type of trousers made from denim. This term is a loanword derived from the English 'jeans' and is commonly used in everyday conversation. It is often associated with casual wear and is widely recognized in Japanese fashion. Example sentences: I bought new jeans「新しいジーパンを買った」(あたらしいジーパンをかった). She is wearing blue jeans「彼女は青いジーパンを履いている」(かのじょはあおいジーパンをはいている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3508

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Image, Video

Reading

Kanji

映Reflect 像Image, Statue

Explanation

The Japanese noun '映像 (えいぞう)' can mean either 'image' or 'video', depending on the context. It refers to visual content, whether static or moving. For example: The image on the screen is clear「画面の映像は鮮明です」(がめんのえいぞうはせんめいです). I watched a video of the event「そのイベントの映像を見ました」(そのイベントのえいぞうをみました). This word is often used in contexts involving media, technology, or visual arts, and it can describe anything from photographs to movies.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3509

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commit

Reading

Kanji

犯Crime

Explanation

The Japanese verb '犯す (おかす)' primarily means 'to commit' and is most often used in the context of committing a crime, sin, or wrongdoing. It carries a strong negative connotation and is typically associated with serious offenses. For example: he committed a crime「彼は罪を犯した」(かれはつみをおかした). It can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'to violate' or 'to transgress', such as violating a rule or moral boundary. For example: she violated the rules「彼女はルールを犯した」(かのじょはルールをおかした). This verb is not used in casual or positive contexts and should be handled with care due to its serious implications.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3510

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suffer

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese verb '苦しむ (くるしむ)' means 'to suffer'. It is used to describe physical, emotional, or mental suffering. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as enduring pain, struggling with a problem, or experiencing hardship. For example: he suffers from a chronic illness「彼は慢性の病気で苦しんでいる」(かれはまんせいのびょうきでくるしんでいる). Many people suffer from loneliness「多くの人が孤独に苦しんでいる」(おおくのひとがこどくにくるしんでいる). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as in '苦しむ心 (くるしむこころ)' (a suffering heart).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3511

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noon

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 午Noon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '正午 (しょうご)' means 'noon'. It refers specifically to 12:00 PM, the middle of the day when the sun is at its highest point. This word is commonly used in formal or precise contexts, such as schedules, announcements, or official documents. For example: The meeting is at noon「会議は正午です」(かいぎはしょうごです). The train departs at noon「電車は正午に出発します」(でんしゃはしょうごにしゅっぱつします). Note that '正午' is more formal than the casual term 'お昼 (おひる)', which can also mean 'noon' but is often used more broadly to refer to the daytime or lunchtime.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3512

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Really

Reading

Kanji

果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '果たして (はたして)' is used to express doubt, uncertainty, or to question whether something is truly the case. It often implies skepticism or curiosity about the outcome or truth of a situation. For example: I wonder if he will really come「果たして彼は来るだろうか」(はたしてかれはくるだろうか). Can it really be true?「果たしてそれは本当だろうか」(はたしてそれはほんとうだろうか). This adverb is commonly used in rhetorical questions or when the speaker is unsure about the result of something.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3513

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foundation

Reading

Kanji

基Base, Fundation 盤Tray, Disk

Explanation

The Japanese noun '基盤 (きばん)' refers to a 'foundation' or 'base' upon which something is built or established. It is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as the foundation of a building or the foundational principles of a system. For example: The foundation of this building is strong「この建物の基盤は強い」(このたてもののきばんはつよい). The company's success is built on a solid foundation「その会社の成功はしっかりした基盤の上に築かれている」(そのかいしゃのせいこうはしっかりしたきばんのうえにきずかれている). This word is commonly used in discussions about infrastructure, technology, or organizational structures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3514

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Build

Reading

Kanji

築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '築く (きずく)' primarily means 'to build' or 'to construct'. It is often used in the context of building physical structures, such as buildings or bridges, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe building relationships, trust, or a career. For example: He built a house「彼は家を築いた」(かれはいえをきずいた). They built a strong relationship「彼らは強い関係を築いた」(かれらはつよいかんけいをきずいた). The verb can also imply the gradual accumulation or establishment of something over time, such as wealth or a reputation. For instance: She built her career over many years「彼女は長年にわたってキャリアを築いた」(かのじょはながねんにわたってキャリアをきずいた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3515

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Main gate

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 門Gate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '正門 (せいもん)' refers to the 'main gate' of a building, institution, or property. It is typically the primary and most formal entrance, often used for ceremonial or official purposes. For example: The main gate of the university is impressive「大学の正門は立派だ」(だいがくのせいもんはりっぱだ). Please enter through the main gate「正門から入ってください」(せいもんからはいってください). This term is commonly used in contexts such as schools, temples, and government buildings to denote the principal entrance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3516

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correct

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '正解 (せいかい)' means 'correct' or 'correct answer'. It is commonly used in contexts such as quizzes, tests, or any situation where a correct response is expected. For example: The correct answer is A「正解はAです」(せいかいはAです). Did you get the correct answer?「正解は分かりましたか？」(せいかいはわかりましたか？). It can also be used to indicate that someone has made the right decision or choice, as in 'That was the correct choice'「それが正解だった」(それがせいかいだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3517

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Square

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 方Direction 形Shape

Explanation

The Japanese noun '正方形 (せいほうけい)' refers to a geometric shape with four equal sides and four right angles, commonly known as a 'square'. This term is used in both mathematical and everyday contexts to describe objects or shapes that fit this definition. For example: This is a square「これは正方形です」(これはせいほうけいです). The table is square「そのテーブルは正方形です」(そのテーブルはせいほうけいです). It's important to note that '正方形' specifically refers to the shape and not to the concept of being fair or equitable, which is a different meaning of the word 'square' in English.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Joke

Reading

Kanji

冗Redundant, Superfluous 談Discuss

Explanation

The Japanese noun '冗談 (じょうだん)' means 'joke'. It refers to something said or done to provoke laughter or amusement, often in a playful or lighthearted manner. This word is commonly used in casual conversations and can be part of phrases like '冗談を言う (じょうだんをいう)', which means 'to tell a joke'. For example: That was just a joke「それはただの冗談だった」(それはただのじょうだんだった). Don't take it seriously, it's a joke「真剣に受け取らないで、冗談だよ」(しんけんにうけとらないで、じょうだんだよ). The word can also imply teasing or sarcasm depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3519

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emperor

Reading

Kanji

帝Emperor, Sovereign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '帝 (みかど)' refers to an 'emperor', specifically the sovereign ruler of an empire. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese history and culture, often associated with the imperial family of Japan. It carries a formal and respectful tone, typically used in historical or ceremonial contexts. Example sentences: The emperor resides in the Imperial Palace「帝は皇居に住んでいます」(みかどはこうきょにすんでいます). The emperor's decree was announced「帝の勅令が発表された」(みかどのちょくれいがはっぴょうされた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3520

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Journalism

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ジャーナリズム (jaanarizumu)' refers to the profession or activity of reporting, writing, and editing news for newspapers, magazines, television, or other media. It is a loanword from English and carries the same meaning. This term is often used in discussions about media, ethics, and the role of the press in society. For example: Journalism is important for democracy「ジャーナリズムは民主主義にとって重要です」(じゃーなりずむはみんしゅしゅぎにとってじゅうようです). She works in journalism「彼女はジャーナリズムの仕事をしています」(かのじょはじゃーなりずむのしごとをしています). The word is typically used in formal or professional contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3521

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kneel

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 座Sit, Seat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '正座 (せいざ)' refers to the traditional Japanese way of sitting on the floor with one's legs folded underneath, knees bent, and feet tucked under the buttocks. This posture is commonly used in formal settings, such as during tea ceremonies, martial arts, or when sitting on tatami mats. It is considered a sign of respect and proper etiquette. For example: Please kneel properly「正座をしてください」(せいざをしてください). She sat in the formal kneeling position「彼女は正座をした」(かのじょはせいざをした). Note that '正座' is often used as a noun but can also function as a verbal noun (suru-verb) when combined with 'する' to indicate the action of kneeling in this manner.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Just, Legitimate

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '正当 (せいとう)' means 'just' or 'legitimate'. It is used to describe something that is morally or legally correct, fair, or justified. This term is often used in contexts involving rights, actions, or reasoning. For example: His actions were just「彼の行動は正当だった」(かれのこうどうはせいとうだった). The claim is legitimate「その主張は正当だ」(そのしゅちょうはせいとうだ). Note that '正当' can also be used in legal or formal contexts to describe something that is valid or rightful, such as '正当な理由 (せいとうなりゆう) (legitimate reason)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3523

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opposite sex

Reading

Kanji

異Rare, Different 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '異性 (いせい)' refers to the 'opposite sex'. It is commonly used in contexts discussing relationships, gender dynamics, or biological distinctions. For example: He is interested in the opposite sex「彼は異性に興味がある」(かれはいせいに関心がある). The event is for people of the opposite sex to meet「そのイベントは異性が出会うためのものです」(そのイベントはいせいがであうためのものです). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3524

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

As much as possible

Reading

Kanji

成Become 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '成る可く (なるべく)' means 'as much as possible' or 'to the best of one's ability'. It is used to express the idea of doing something to the greatest extent feasible or within reasonable limits. This adverb is often used in requests or suggestions to encourage someone to make an effort. For example: Please come as early as possible「成る可く早く来てください」(なるべくはやくきてください). I try to eat vegetables as much as possible「成る可く野菜を食べるようにしています」(なるべくやさいをたべるようにしています). The nuance of '成る可く' implies a sense of effort or intention to achieve something within given constraints.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3525

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Highway

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 速Quick

Explanation

The Japanese noun '高速 (こうそく)' refers to a 'highway' or 'expressway'. It is commonly used to describe major roads designed for high-speed traffic, often with multiple lanes and limited access points. This term is frequently seen in contexts related to transportation and travel. For example: Let's take the highway「高速を使いましょう」(こうそくをつかいましょう). The highway is crowded today「高速は今日混んでいます」(こうそくはきょうこんでいます). It's important to note that '高速' is often part of compound words, such as '高速道路 (こうそくどうろ)' which specifically means 'expressway'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number

Reading

Kanji

人Person 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人数 (にんずう)' refers to the 'number of people'. It is commonly used to indicate the count or quantity of individuals in a group, event, or situation. For example: The number of participants is increasing「人数が増えている」(にんずうがふえている). What is the number of people attending the meeting?「会議に参加する人数は何人ですか？」(かいぎにさんかするにんずうはなんにんですか？). This word is often used in contexts like events, gatherings, or any situation where counting people is relevant.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3527

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abnormal

Reading

Kanji

異Rare, Different 常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '異常 (いじょう)' means 'abnormal' or 'unusual'. It is used to describe something that deviates from the norm or is out of the ordinary. This word can be applied to various contexts, such as weather, behavior, or conditions. For example: The weather is abnormal today「今日の天気は異常だ」(きょうのてんきはいじょうだ). His behavior is unusual「彼の行動は異常だ」(かれのこうどうはいじょうだ). It can also be used in medical contexts to describe abnormal conditions or symptoms. For instance: The patient has abnormal symptoms「患者は異常な症状がある」(かんじゃはいじょうなしょうじょうがある).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Normal

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '正常 (せいじょう)' means 'normal'. It is used to describe a state or condition that is regular, standard, or functioning as expected. This term is often used in contexts related to health, machinery, or systems. For example: The machine is functioning normally「機械は正常に動いている」(きかいはせいじょうにうごいている). His health condition is normal「彼の健康状態は正常だ」(かれのけんこうじょうたいはせいじょうだ). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as describing a situation or behavior as normal. For instance: It's normal to feel nervous「緊張するのは正常だ」(きんちょうするのはせいじょうだ).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3529

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awareness, Consciousness

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 識Knowledge, Discernment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '意識 (いしき)' primarily refers to 'consciousness' or 'awareness'. It is used to describe the state of being conscious or aware of something, whether it be one's surroundings, thoughts, or feelings. This word is often used in both medical and everyday contexts. For example: He lost consciousness「彼は意識を失った」(かれはいしきをうしなった). She is aware of the problem「彼女はその問題を意識している」(かのじょはそのもんだいをいしきしている). Additionally, '意識' can also imply a sense of self-awareness or mindfulness, as in being conscious of one's actions or impact on others.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

No

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'いえ (いえ)' is a polite way to say 'no' or to negate something. It is often used in formal or polite conversations to gently disagree or correct someone. For example: No, that's not correct「いえ、違います」(いえ、ちがいます). No, I don't need help「いえ、大丈夫です」(いえ、だいじょうぶです). It is less direct than 'いいえ (いいえ)', which is also used to mean 'no', but 'いえ' carries a softer tone. This interjection is commonly used in situations where politeness is important, such as in customer service or when speaking to someone of higher status.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

3531

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transfer

Reading

Kanji

譲Hand over, Defer 渡Cross, Transit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '譲渡 (じょうと)' refers to the act of transferring ownership, rights, or property from one party to another. It is commonly used in legal, financial, or business contexts. For example: The transfer of shares was completed「株の譲渡が完了した」(かぶのじょうとがかんりょうした). The land was transferred to the new owner「土地が新しい所有者に譲渡された」(とちがあたらしいしょゆうしゃにじょうとされた). This term is often associated with formal agreements or contracts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3532

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Volunteer

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ボランティア (ぼらんてぃあ)' means 'volunteer'. It refers to a person who offers their time and services willingly and without payment to help others or contribute to a cause. This word is commonly used in contexts related to community service, disaster relief, or charitable activities. For example: I am a volunteer at the hospital「私は病院でボランティアをしています」(わたしはびょういんでぼらんてぃあをしています). Many volunteers helped after the earthquake「多くのボランティアが地震の後に助けました」(おおくのぼらんてぃあがじしんのあとにたすけました). The term is borrowed from English and is widely understood in Japanese society.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3533

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Connect

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '結び付く (むすびつく)' means 'to connect' or 'to be linked'. It is used to describe a relationship or connection between two or more things, whether physical, abstract, or conceptual. This verb often implies a strong or meaningful bond. For example: The two events are connected「二つの出来事が結び付いている」(ふたつのできごとがむすびついている). Their friendship is deeply connected「彼らの友情は深く結び付いている」(かれらのゆうじょうはふかくむすびついている). The verb can also be used in a more literal sense, such as tying or binding objects together, but it is more commonly used in abstract contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3534

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Speech

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'スピーチ' (すぴーち) refers to a formal or informal speech, typically given in front of an audience. It is often used in contexts such as public speaking, presentations, or ceremonial addresses. For example: He gave a great speech at the conference「彼は会議で素晴らしいスピーチをした」(かれはかいぎですばらしいすぴーちをした). I need to prepare a speech for the wedding「結婚式のスピーチを準備しなければならない」(けっこんしきのすぴーちをじゅんびしなければならない). The word is borrowed from English and retains a similar meaning, but it is written in katakana to indicate its foreign origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3535

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inside

Reading

Kanji

内Inside 側Side

Explanation

The Japanese noun '内側 (うちがわ)' means 'inside'. It refers to the inner part or interior of something, often used to describe the side that is not visible from the outside. This word is commonly used in both physical and abstract contexts. For example: the inside of the box「箱の内側」(はこのうちがわ). She keeps her feelings inside「彼女は感情を内側に秘めている」(かのじょはかんじょうをうちがわにひめている). It can also be used to describe the inner side of a structure or object, such as the inside of a room or a container.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3536

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Preparation

Reading

Kanji

下Down 調Investigate, Tune

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下調べ (したしらべ)' refers to the act of doing preliminary research or preparation before undertaking a task. It is often used in contexts where one needs to gather information or make arrangements in advance. For example: I did some preparation before the meeting「会議の前に下調べをした」(かいぎのまえにしたしらべをした). She always does thorough preparation before traveling「彼女は旅行の前にいつもしっかり下調べをする」(かのじょはりょこうのまえにいつもしっかりしたしらべをする). This term emphasizes the importance of being well-prepared and informed.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3537

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Maintenance

Reading

Kanji

整Organize 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '整備 (せいび)' refers to the act of maintaining, servicing, or preparing something to ensure it functions properly. It is commonly used in contexts like vehicle maintenance, equipment upkeep, or system preparation. For example: regular maintenance is important「定期的な整備は大切です」(ていきてきなせいびはたいせつです). The mechanic is servicing the car「整備士が車を整備しています」(せいびしがくるまをせいびしています). This word emphasizes the process of keeping things in good working order.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3538

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Organize, Sort

Reading

Kanji

整Organize 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '整理 (せいり)' primarily means 'organize' or 'sort'. It refers to the act of arranging things systematically, tidying up, or putting things in order. This word is often used in contexts like organizing physical items, sorting out information, or even resolving situations. For example: I need to organize my desk「机を整理しなければならない」(つくえをせいりしなければならない). Let's sort out the documents「書類を整理しましょう」(しょるいをせいりしましょう). It can also be used metaphorically, such as organizing thoughts or resolving conflicts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3539

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Army

Reading

Kanji

軍Army 隊Squad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '軍隊 (ぐんたい)' refers to an organized military force, typically a country's army. It is used to describe the collective body of soldiers and military personnel who are trained and equipped for war or defense. This term is often used in contexts related to national defense, military operations, or historical events. For example: The army is strong「軍隊は強い」(ぐんたいはつよい). He joined the army「彼は軍隊に入った」(かれはぐんたいにはいった). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a large, organized group, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3540

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Saving

Reading

Kanji

節Season, Node 約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '節約 (せつやく)' means 'saving' or 'economizing'. It refers to the act of reducing expenses, conserving resources, or using something sparingly to avoid waste. This word is commonly used in contexts related to money, energy, time, or resources. For example: We need to save electricity「電気を節約する必要がある」(でんきをせつやくするひつようがある). She is saving money for her trip「彼女は旅行のために節約している」(かのじょはりょこうのためにせつやくしている). The word can also imply a sense of frugality or careful management of resources.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3541

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inspection

Reading

Kanji

検Examine 査Investigate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '検査 (けんさ)' means 'inspection' or 'examination'. It is commonly used in contexts related to checking, testing, or scrutinizing something, such as medical examinations, quality checks, or technical inspections. For example: I had a medical inspection「私は検査を受けました」(わたしはけんさをうけました). The product passed the quality inspection「その製品は品質検査に合格しました」(そのせいひんはひんしつけんさにごうかくしました). This word is often used in formal or technical settings and can be combined with other words to specify the type of inspection, such as '健康検査 (けんこうけんさ)' (health checkup) or '車両検査 (しゃりょうけんさ)' (vehicle inspection).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sigh

Reading

Kanji

息Breath

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ため息 (ためいき)' means 'sigh'. It refers to the act of exhaling audibly, often as an expression of relief, frustration, exhaustion, or deep emotion. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to describe a physical or emotional reaction. For example: she let out a sigh of relief「彼女は安堵のため息をついた」(かのじょはあんどのためいきをついた). He sighed deeply after hearing the news「彼はその知らせを聞いて深いため息をついた」(かれはそのしらせをきいてふかいためいきをついた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a sense of resignation or weariness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3543

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tower

Reading

Kanji

塔Tower

Explanation

The Japanese noun '塔 (とう)' refers to a 'tower', a tall structure that is often used for observation, communication, or as a landmark. This word is commonly used to describe both historical and modern towers, such as the Tokyo Tower or ancient pagodas. For example: The tower is tall「その塔は高い」(そのとうはたかい). We visited the old tower「私たちは古い塔を訪れた」(わたしたちはふるいとうをおとずれた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that stands out prominently, like a 'tower of strength'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exchange

Reading

Kanji

交Mix

Explanation

The Japanese verb '交わす (かわす)' primarily means 'to exchange'. It is used when referring to the act of exchanging something, such as words, greetings, or promises. This verb often implies a mutual or reciprocal action between two or more parties. For example: they exchanged greetings「彼らは挨拶を交わした」(かれらはあいさつをかわした). We exchanged business cards「私たちは名刺を交わした」(わたしたちはめいしをかわした). Additionally, '交わす' can sometimes imply a brief or casual exchange, rather than a deep or prolonged interaction. It is important to note that this verb is often used in formal or polite contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3545

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oh

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ああ (aa)' is an interjection used to express realization, agreement, or emotional response. It can convey a range of emotions such as surprise, relief, or understanding. For example: Oh, I see!「ああ、わかった！」(ああ、わかった！). Oh, that's how it is「ああ、そういうことか」(ああ、そういうことか). It is often used in casual conversation and can be paired with other expressions to emphasize the speaker's feelings.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3546

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unexpectedly

Reading

Kanji

案Plan, Proposal 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '案外 (あんがい)' means 'unexpectedly' or 'surprisingly'. It is used to express that something turned out differently than one had anticipated, often in a way that is contrary to expectations. This word can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: The test was unexpectedly easy「テストは案外簡単だった」(てすとはあんがいかんたんだった). The weather was surprisingly cold「天気は案外寒かった」(てんきはあんがいさむかった). It is important to note that '案外' often carries a nuance of mild surprise or a deviation from what was assumed.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3547

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parties

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '当事 (とうじ)' refers to the 'parties' involved in a particular matter, event, or legal case. It is often used in formal or legal contexts to describe the individuals or groups directly concerned with a specific issue. For example: The parties involved in the dispute reached an agreement「当事者たちは合意に達した」(とうじしゃたちはごういにたっした). The parties to the contract must sign the document「契約の当事者は書類に署名しなければならない」(けいやくのとうじしゃはしょるいにしょめいしなければならない). This term is commonly used in legal, business, and diplomatic settings to specify those directly involved.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3548

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expectedly

Reading

Kanji

案Plan, Proposal 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '案の定 (あんのじょう)' means 'expectedly' or 'as expected'. It is used to indicate that something happened exactly as one anticipated or predicted. This word often carries a nuance of inevitability or lack of surprise. For example: As expected, it rained today「案の定、今日は雨が降った」(あんのじょう、きょうはあめがふった). As expected, he was late again「案の定、彼はまた遅れた」(あんのじょう、かれはまたおくれた). This adverb is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to express that the outcome was predictable.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3549

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Salary

Reading

Kanji

給Supply, Salary 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '給料 (きゅうりょう)' refers to the regular payment that an employee receives for their work, typically on a monthly basis. It is commonly used in the context of employment and is a key term when discussing jobs, income, and financial matters. For example: I received my salary「給料をもらった」(きゅうりょうをもらった). His salary is high「彼の給料は高い」(かれのきゅうりょうはたかい). The word is often used in formal or professional settings and is distinct from other terms like '賃金 (ちんぎん)' which can refer to wages or hourly pay.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3550

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

View, Opinion

Reading

Kanji

見See 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese noun '見解 (けんかい)' refers to a person's view or opinion on a particular matter. It is often used in formal or professional contexts to discuss perspectives, interpretations, or conclusions about a topic. For example: His view on the matter is clear「彼の見解は明確です」(かれのけんかいはめいかくです). We need to consider everyone's opinion「皆の見解を考慮する必要があります」(みんなのけんかいをこうりょするひつようがあります). The word is commonly used in discussions, debates, or written analyses to express a well-considered stance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3551

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exception

Reading

Kanji

例Example 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '例外 (れいがい)' means 'exception'. It refers to something that does not follow the general rule or pattern. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe situations, people, or things that are excluded from a standard or norm. For example: there are no exceptions to this rule「このルールには例外はありません」(このルールにはれいがいはありません). He is an exception to the usual trend「彼は通常の傾向の例外です」(かれはつうじょうのけいこうのれいがいです). The word can also be used in phrases like '例外なく (れいがいなく)', meaning 'without exception'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3552

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

UN

Reading

Kanji

国Country 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国連 (こくれん)' is an abbreviation for '国際連合 (こくさいれんごう)', which translates to 'United Nations' or 'UN'. This term is commonly used in news, politics, and international relations contexts. It refers to the international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among countries worldwide. Example sentences: The UN plays a crucial role in global peacekeeping「国連は世界の平和維持に重要な役割を果たしている」(こくれんはせかいのへいわいじにじゅうようなやくわりをはたしている). Japan is a member of the UN「日本は国連のメンバーです」(にほんはこくれんのメンバーです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Connection

Reading

Kanji

接Contact, Touch 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '接続 (せつぞく)' primarily means 'connection'. It is used to refer to the act of connecting or linking things together, whether physically, logically, or in terms of communication. For example: The connection between the two devices is stable「二つのデバイスの接続は安定している」(ふたつのデバイスのせつぞくはあんていしている). Please check the internet connection「インターネットの接続を確認してください」(インターネットのせつぞくをかくにんしてください). This term is commonly used in technical contexts, such as electronics, networking, and transportation, but can also be applied to abstract concepts like relationships or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreign minister

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 相Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外相 (がいしょう)' refers to the 'foreign minister', the government official responsible for a country's foreign affairs. This term is commonly used in political contexts to describe the person who oversees international relations, diplomacy, and foreign policy. For example: The foreign minister attended the summit「外相はサミットに出席した」(がいしょうはサミットにしゅっせきした). The foreign minister announced a new policy「外相は新しい政策を発表した」(がいしょうはあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした). This term is specific to political roles and is not used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3555

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Great, Not much

Reading

Kanji

大Big

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '大した (たいした)' has two distinct meanings depending on the context. The first meaning is 'great' or 'remarkable', often used to describe something impressive or significant. For example: That's a great achievement「それは大した成果だ」(それはたいしたせいかだ). The second meaning is 'not much' or 'nothing much', typically used in negative constructions to downplay something. For example: It's not a big deal「大したことじゃない」(たいしたことじゃない). The nuance of this word depends heavily on whether it is used in a positive or negative context.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3556

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Truth

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 相Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真相 (しんそう)' refers to the 'truth' or 'real facts' about a situation, event, or matter. It is often used in contexts where uncovering or revealing the actual state of affairs is important, such as in investigations, news reporting, or personal revelations. For example: The truth about the incident was revealed「事件の真相が明らかになった」(じけんのしんそうがあきらかになった). We must uncover the truth「真相を明らかにしなければならない」(しんそうをあきらかにしなければならない). This word carries a sense of depth and seriousness, often implying that the truth is not immediately apparent and requires effort to discover.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3557

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

As usual

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '相変わらず (あいかわらず)' means 'as usual' or 'still.' It is used to describe a situation or condition that remains unchanged over time, often implying continuity from the past to the present. This word can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: He is still late as usual 「彼は相変わらず遅刻している」 (かれはあいかわらずちこくしている). The weather is still hot as usual 「天気は相変わらず暑い」 (てんきはあいかわらずあつい). Note that '相変わらず' is often used to convey a sense of familiarity or unchanging nature, whether it's about a habit, a state, or a condition.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3558

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plenty

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'たっぷり (たっぷり)' means 'plenty' or 'abundantly'. It is used to describe a large or sufficient quantity of something, often implying that there is more than enough. This word can be used in various contexts, such as time, quantity, or even emotions. For example: I slept plenty「たっぷり寝た」(たっぷりねた). There is plenty of time「たっぷり時間がある」(たっぷりじかんがある). The soup has plenty of vegetables「スープにはたっぷり野菜が入っている」(スープにはたっぷりやさいがはいっている). The word 'たっぷり' often conveys a sense of satisfaction or generosity in the amount provided.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3559

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hey

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'ねえ (ねえ)' is commonly used to get someone's attention or to start a conversation. It is similar to saying 'hey' or 'excuse me' in English. This interjection is informal and is often used among friends or people of the same age group. For example: Hey, look at this!「ねえ、これ見て！」(ねえ、これみて！). Hey, can I ask you something?「ねえ、ちょっと聞いてもいい？」(ねえ、ちょっときいてもいい？). It can also be used to express surprise or to emphasize a point, depending on the tone of voice.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

3560

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accent

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'アクセント (akusento)' refers to an 'accent'. This can mean the emphasis placed on a particular syllable or word in speech, or it can refer to a distinctive way of pronouncing a language associated with a particular country, area, or social group. For example: She has a British accent「彼女はイギリスのアクセントがある」(かのじょはイギリスのアクセントがある). The accent in this word is on the second syllable「この単語のアクセントは二番目の音節にある」(このたんごのアクセントはにばんめのおんせつにある). The word is borrowed from English and is used in a similar context in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3561

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chat

Reading

Kanji

雑Miscellaneous 談Discuss

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '雑談 (ざつだん)' refers to casual conversation or small talk. It is used to describe informal, light-hearted discussions that are not focused on any specific topic. This word is often used in social settings, such as during breaks at work or when catching up with friends. For example: Let's have a chat「雑談しましょう」(ざつだんしましょう). We had a nice chat yesterday「昨日はいい雑談をしました」(きのうはいいざつだんをしました). The term emphasizes the relaxed and unstructured nature of the conversation, contrasting with more formal or serious discussions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3562

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Note

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'メモ (めも)' means 'note'. It refers to a brief written record of something, often used to help remember information or tasks. This word is borrowed from English and is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: I wrote a note「メモを書いた」(めもをかいた). Please take a note of this「これをメモしてください」(これをめもしてください). The word is often used in office or study settings to refer to quick reminders or important points.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3563

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oppose

Reading

Kanji

反Anti

Explanation

The Japanese verb '反する (はんする)' means 'to oppose' or 'to go against'. It is used to describe actions, opinions, or situations that are in direct contradiction or opposition to something else. For example: his actions oppose the rules「彼の行動は規則に反する」(かれのこうどうはきそくにはんする). The result was contrary to expectations「結果は予想に反していた」(けっかはよそうにはんしていた). This verb is often used in formal or written contexts to express contradiction or opposition.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3564

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entry

Reading

Kanji

記Record 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記入 (きにゅう)' means 'entry' and refers to the act of writing or filling in information, typically in a form, document, or record. It is commonly used in formal or administrative contexts. For example: Please fill in your name「名前を記入してください」(なまえをきにゅうしてください). He entered the details in the form「彼はフォームに詳細を記入した」(かれはフォームにしょうさいをきにゅうした). Note that '記入' is often used with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of filling something in, as in '記入する (きにゅうする) (to fill in).'

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Memorization

Reading

Kanji

暗Darkness 記Record

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '暗記 (あんき)' refers to the act of memorizing or committing something to memory. It is often used in academic or educational contexts, such as memorizing vocabulary, formulas, or historical facts. For example: I memorized the poem「詩を暗記した」(しをあんきした). He is good at memorization「彼は暗記が得意だ」(かれはあんきがとくいだ). The word can also be used to describe the process of rote learning, where information is repeated until it is firmly retained in memory.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3566

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bear

Reading

Kanji

担Bear, Carry

Explanation

The Japanese verb '担う (になう)' means 'to bear' or 'to shoulder' in the sense of taking on responsibility, duty, or a burden. It is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as discussing roles, responsibilities, or tasks that require significant effort or commitment. For example: He bears the responsibility of the project「彼はそのプロジェクトの責任を担う」(かれはそのプロジェクトのせきにんをになう). The company shoulders the mission of innovation「その会社は革新の使命を担う」(そのかいしゃはかくしんのしめいをになう). This verb can also imply a sense of pride or importance in the role being undertaken.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3567

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discuss

Reading

Kanji

話Talk 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '話し合う (はなしあう)' means 'to discuss' or 'to talk something over'. It is used when two or more people exchange opinions or ideas to reach a mutual understanding or decision. This verb emphasizes the collaborative nature of the conversation. For example: Let's discuss the plan「計画を話し合いましょう」(けいかくをはなしあいましょう). They discussed the problem for hours「彼らは何時間もその問題を話し合った」(かれらはなんじかんもそのもんだいをはなしあった). Note that '話し合う' often implies a deeper or more formal discussion compared to casual conversations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3568

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Memory

Reading

Kanji

記Record 憶Remember, Speculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記憶 (きおく)' means 'memory'. It refers to the mental capacity to store, retain, and recall information or experiences. This word is often used in contexts related to remembering or forgetting something. For example: I have a clear memory of that day「その日の記憶がはっきりしている」(そのひのきおくがはっきりしている). He lost his memory after the accident「彼は事故の後、記憶を失った」(かれはじこのあと、きおくをうしなった). '記憶' can also be used in compound words like '記憶力 (きおくりょく)' (memory power) or '記憶喪失 (きおくそうしつ)' (memory loss).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sutra

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '経 (きょう)' refers to 'sutra', which are sacred texts or scriptures in Buddhism. These texts often contain teachings, doctrines, or discourses attributed to the Buddha. The term is commonly used in religious contexts and is an essential part of Buddhist practice. For example: I read a sutra「経を読みました」(きょうをよみました). The monk chanted the sutra「僧侶が経を唱えました」(そうりょがきょうをとなえました). Note that '経' can also refer to the passage of time or longitude in other contexts, but its primary and most common meaning is 'sutra' in religious contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3570

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Command

Reading

Kanji

司Director 令Orders

Explanation

The Japanese noun '司令 (しれい)' refers to 'command' or 'orders' in a military or organizational context. It is often used to describe the authority or instructions given by a commanding officer. For example: The general issued a command「将軍が司令を出した」(しょうぐんがしれいをだした). The headquarters is in charge of command「司令部が司令を担当している」(しれいぶがしれいをたんとうしている). This term is typically used in formal or hierarchical settings, emphasizing authority and control.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3571

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Just before

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '直前 (ちょくぜん)' means 'just before.' It refers to the immediate period before an event or action takes place. This word is often used to describe the timeframe immediately prior to a specific event, such as departure, start time, or occurrence. For example: just before the departure of the train 「電車の出発の直前」 (でんしゃのしゅっぱつのちょくぜん). I realized it just before the deadline 「締め切りの直前に気づいた」 (しめきりのちょくぜんにきづいた). It can also be used to describe physical proximity, such as being right in front of something, but that usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3572

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commercial

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'コマーシャル (komaasharu)' refers to a 'commercial' or 'advertisement', typically seen on television or radio. It is a loanword derived from English and is widely used in Japanese media. Example sentences: I saw a funny commercial on TV「テレビで面白いコマーシャルを見た」(テレビでおもしろいコマーシャルをみた). This commercial is very creative「このコマーシャルはとてもクリエイティブだ」(このコマーシャルはとてもクリエイティブだ). The term is often used in everyday conversation when discussing advertisements or media content.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3573

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Customs

Reading

Kanji

税Tax 関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '税関 (ぜいかん)' refers to 'customs', specifically the government agency responsible for regulating the flow of goods into and out of a country, as well as collecting duties and taxes on imports and exports. This term is commonly used in contexts related to international travel, shipping, and trade. For example: I went through customs「税関を通りました」(ぜいかんをとおりました). The customs officer checked my luggage「税関の職員が私の荷物をチェックしました」(ぜいかんのしょくいんがわたしのにもつをチェックしました). It is important to note that '税関' is often associated with airports, seaports, and border crossings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Physics

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '物理 (ぶつり)' refers to the field of 'physics', the natural science that studies matter, energy, and their interactions. It is commonly used in academic and scientific contexts. For example: I study physics at university「私は大学で物理を勉強しています」(わたしはだいがくでぶつりをべんきょうしています). Physics is a difficult subject「物理は難しい科目です」(ぶつりはむずかしいかもくです). The word can also appear in compound terms, such as '物理学者 (ぶつりがくしゃ)' (physicist) or '物理現象 (ぶつりげんしょう)' (physical phenomenon).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3575

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Director

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理事 (りじ)' refers to a 'director' or 'executive' in an organization, company, or institution. This term is commonly used in the context of corporate or organizational governance, where a '理事' is a member of a board or a managing body responsible for decision-making and oversight. For example: He is a director of the company「彼は会社の理事です」(かれはかいしゃのりじです). The board of directors held a meeting「理事会が会議を開きました」(りじかいがかいぎをひらきました). The term can also be used in non-profit organizations, schools, or other institutions where a governing body exists.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3576

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acquaintance

Reading

Kanji

知Know 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese noun '知り合い (しりあい)' refers to someone you know, but not closely. It is used to describe a person with whom you have a casual or superficial relationship, rather than a close friend or family member. For example: He is just an acquaintance「彼はただの知り合いです」(かれはただのしりあいです). I met an acquaintance at the station「駅で知り合いに会いました」(えきでしりあいにはいました). The term emphasizes a level of familiarity without implying deep personal connection.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3577

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exclusive

Reading

Kanji

専Exclusive, Specialty 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese noun '専用 (せんよう)' means 'exclusive' or 'dedicated'. It refers to something that is reserved or designed for a specific purpose, person, or group. For example: This is an exclusive parking area「ここは専用の駐車場です」(ここはせんようのちゅうしゃじょうです). This is a dedicated line for customer service「これはお客様専用の電話回線です」(これはおきゃくさませんようのでんわかいせんです). The term is often used in contexts where something is restricted or specialized, such as '専用席 (せんようせき) (reserved seat)' or '専用アプリ (せんようアプリ) (dedicated app)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3578

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Others

Reading

Kanji

他Other (亻)者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '他者 (たしゃ)' means 'others' or 'other people'. It refers to individuals who are distinct from oneself, often emphasizing their separateness or different perspectives. This term is commonly used in philosophical, psychological, and social contexts to discuss relationships, empathy, or the distinction between self and others. For example: understanding others is important「他者を理解することは大切です」(たしゃをりかいすることはたいせつです). Respecting others' opinions is essential「他者の意見を尊重することが必要です」(たしゃのいけんをそんちょうすることがひつようです). The word carries a nuanced sense of recognizing the individuality and autonomy of others.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3579

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guide

Reading

Kanji

導Lead, Guide

Explanation

The Japanese verb '導く (みちびく)' means 'to guide' or 'to lead'. It is used to describe the act of showing someone the way, either physically or metaphorically. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as guiding someone through a process, leading a group, or even guiding someone to a conclusion. For example: The teacher guided the students to the correct answer「先生は生徒を正しい答えに導いた」(せんせいはせいとをただしいこたえにみちびいた). He guided the team to victory「彼はチームを勝利に導いた」(かれはチームをしょうりにみちびいた). The verb can also imply a sense of influence or direction, as in guiding someone's thoughts or actions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3580

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Politician

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 治Cure, Reign 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政治家 (せいじか)' refers to a 'politician', someone who is professionally involved in politics, especially as a holder of an elected office. This term is used to describe individuals who are engaged in the activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power. For example: That politician is very popular「あの政治家はとても人気がある」(あのせいじかはとてもにんきがある). He became a politician after retiring from the military「彼は軍隊を引退した後、政治家になった」(かれはぐんたいをいんたいしたあと、せいじかになった). The term can be used in both formal and informal contexts, and it carries a neutral connotation unless specified otherwise by the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tremendous, Terrifying

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 凄Nifty

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '物凄い (ものすごい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'tremendous' or 'incredible', often used to describe something that is extremely impressive or intense in a positive or overwhelming way. For example: The view from the mountain was tremendous「山からの眺めは物凄かった」(やまからのながめはものすごかった). The second meaning is 'terrifying' or 'frightening', used to describe something that is extremely scary or awe-inspiring in a negative sense. For example: The storm was terrifying「嵐は物凄かった」(あらしはものすごかった). The word can also be used colloquially to emphasize intensity, such as '物凄く暑い (ものすごくあつい)' meaning 'incredibly hot'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3582

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beginner

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初心 (しょしん)' refers to the state of being a beginner or having a beginner's mindset. It is often used to describe someone who is new to a skill, activity, or field, emphasizing their lack of experience. This term can also carry a positive connotation, highlighting the enthusiasm and openness that beginners often have. For example: He has the heart of a beginner「彼は初心を持っている」(かれはしょしんをもっている). I want to keep a beginner's mindset「初心を忘れたくない」(しょしんをわすれたくない). The term is commonly used in contexts like martial arts, arts, or learning new skills, where maintaining a beginner's mindset is valued.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3583

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recently

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'このごろ (このごろ)' means 'recently' or 'these days'. It is used to refer to a period of time close to the present, often to describe changes, trends, or personal experiences. For example: Recently, I've been busy「このごろ、忙しいです」(このごろ、いそがしいです). The weather has been nice recently「このごろ、天気がいいです」(このごろ、てんきがいいです). This word is commonly used in casual conversations and can also imply a sense of continuity or ongoing state.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3584

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bottle

Reading

Kanji

瓶Bottle, Jar

Explanation

The Japanese noun '瓶 (びん)' refers to a 'bottle', typically made of glass or plastic, used for storing liquids such as water, juice, or alcohol. It is a common word in everyday Japanese and can be used in various contexts. For example: Please bring a bottle of water「水の瓶を持ってきてください」(みずのびんをもってきてください). The milk is in the bottle「牛乳は瓶の中です」(ぎゅうにゅうはびんのなかです). The word can also be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, but its primary meaning remains 'bottle'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3585

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Squat

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'しゃがむ' means 'to squat'. It describes the action of bending one's knees and lowering the body, often to rest or to reach something low. This verb is commonly used in everyday situations, such as when picking something up from the ground or sitting in a relaxed position. For example: He squatted to tie his shoelaces「彼は靴ひもを結ぶためにしゃがんだ」(かれはくつひもをむすぶためにしゃがんだ). The child squatted to look at the flowers「子供は花を見るためにしゃがんだ」(こどもははなをみるためにしゃがんだ). Note that 'しゃがむ' is often used in casual contexts and can imply a temporary or informal posture.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3586

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Various

Reading

Kanji

各Each 種Kind, Variety

Explanation

The Japanese noun '各種 (かくしゅ)' means 'various' or 'different kinds'. It is used to refer to a variety of types or categories of something. This word is often used in formal or business contexts to describe a range of options or items. For example: We offer various services「私たちは各種サービスを提供しています」(わたしたちはかくしゅサービスをていきょうしています). The store sells various types of fruits「その店は各種の果物を売っています」(そのみせはかくしゅのくだものをうっています). Note that '各種' is typically followed by the particle 'の' when modifying a noun, as in '各種の商品 (かくしゅのしょうひん) (various products)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3587

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ankle

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient 首Neck

Explanation

The Japanese noun '足首 (あしくび)' refers to the 'ankle', the joint connecting the foot to the leg. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and medical contexts. For example: I twisted my ankle「足首を捻った」(あしくびをねじった). Her ankle is swollen「彼女の足首が腫れている」(かのじょのあしくびがはれている). The word is often used in contexts related to injuries, sports, or describing physical characteristics.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3588

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese verb '無くす (なくす)' means 'to lose' something. It is used when someone no longer has possession of an item or when something disappears. This verb is often used in everyday situations, such as losing a personal item or misplacing something. For example: I lost my wallet「財布を無くした」(さいふをなくした). She lost her keys「彼女は鍵を無くした」(かのじょはかぎをなくした). It can also be used metaphorically, such as losing hope or losing one's way. Note that this verb is transitive and requires an object to indicate what is being lost.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3589

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leader

Reading

Kanji

首Neck 脳Brain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '首脳 (しゅのう)' refers to a leader or a head, particularly in the context of government or high-ranking officials. It is often used to describe the top decision-makers in a country or organization, such as the president, prime minister, or other key figures. For example: The leaders of the two countries met「両国の首脳が会談した」(りょうこくのしゅのうがかいだんした). The summit was attended by world leaders「世界の首脳がサミットに出席した」(せかいのしゅのうがサミットにしゅっせきした). This term is formal and is typically used in political or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3590

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moreover

Reading

Kanji

況Situation, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '況して (まして)' means 'moreover' or 'even more so'. It is used to emphasize a point, often in situations where something is already true or expected, and another related point is even more so. It is commonly used in comparisons or to strengthen an argument. For example: He can't even run, moreover, he can't jump「彼は走れない、況して跳べない」(かれははしれない、ましてとべない). If adults struggle, moreover, children will find it even harder「大人でも難しい、況して子供にはもっと難しい」(おとなでもむずかしい、ましてこどもにはもっとむずかしい). This word is often used in formal or written contexts to add emphasis.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3591

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accept, Undertake

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 受Accept

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き受ける (ひきうける)' primarily means 'to undertake' or 'to accept' a responsibility, task, or role. It implies taking on something that requires effort or commitment. For example: I will undertake this project「このプロジェクトを引き受けます」(このプロジェクトをひきうけます). He accepted the role of team leader「彼はチームリーダーの役割を引き受けた」(かれはチームリーダーのやくわりをひきうけた). The verb can also be used in contexts where someone takes responsibility for a situation or outcome, such as in 'She accepted the blame for the mistake「彼女はそのミスの責任を引き受けた」(かのじょはそのミスのせきにんをひきうけた).' The nuance of '引き受ける' often conveys a sense of willingness or readiness to handle something challenging.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3592

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Prior

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事前 (じぜん)' refers to something that is done or prepared beforehand, in advance, or prior to an event. It is often used in contexts where preparation or planning is emphasized. For example: Please inform us in advance「事前に知らせてください」(じぜんにしらせてください). We need prior approval「事前の承認が必要です」(じぜんのしょうにんがひつようです). The word can also be used to describe actions or arrangements made before a specific event or deadline. It is commonly used in formal or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3593

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Show

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ショー (しょー)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'show'. It is commonly used to refer to various types of performances or entertainment events, such as concerts, theater performances, or television programs. For example: I watched a great show last night「昨夜、素晴らしいショーを見た」(さくや、すばらしいしょーをみた). The fashion show was amazing「そのファッションショーは素晴らしかった」(そのふぁっしょんしょーはすばらしかった). This word is often used in contexts related to entertainment and media.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3594

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ethics

Reading

Kanji

倫Principles, Ethics 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '倫理 (りんり)' means 'ethics'. It refers to the moral principles or values that govern a person's behavior or the conduct of a group. This word is often used in discussions about philosophy, morality, or professional conduct. For example: business ethics「ビジネスの倫理」(びじねすのりんり). The ethics of this decision are questionable「この決定の倫理は疑問だ」(このけっていのりんりはぎもんだ). It is important to note that '倫理' is a formal term and is commonly used in academic, professional, or serious contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3595

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Manchuria

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'マンシュウ (manshuu)' refers to 'Manchuria', a historical region in Northeast Asia. This term is used to denote the geographical and historical area that includes parts of modern-day northeastern China and the Russian Far East. It is often associated with the period of Japanese influence and control in the early 20th century. Example sentences: Manchuria is rich in resources「マンシュウは資源が豊かだ」(まんしゅうはしげんがゆたかだ). The history of Manchuria is complex「マンシュウの歴史は複雑だ」(まんしゅうのれきしはふくざつだ).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

3596

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Follow

Reading

Kanji

次Next

Explanation

The Japanese verb '次ぐ (つぐ)' means 'to follow' or 'to come next'. It is often used to describe something that follows in sequence, rank, or time. For example: The second place team follows the first「2位のチームは1位に次ぐ」(にいのチームはいちいにつぐ). This event follows the previous one「このイベントは前のものに次ぐ」(このイベントはまえのものにつぐ). The verb can also imply succession or ranking, such as in '次ぐ地位 (つぐちい) (next in rank)'. Note that '次ぐ' is often used in formal or written contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3597

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Morning glory

Reading

Kanji

朝Morning 顔Face

Explanation

The Japanese noun '朝顔 (あさがお)' refers to the 'morning glory' flower, known for its trumpet-shaped blooms that typically open in the morning and close by afternoon. This flower is often associated with summer in Japan and is a popular subject in traditional Japanese art and poetry. Example sentences: The morning glory is blooming「朝顔が咲いている」(あさがおがさいている). I planted morning glories in my garden「庭に朝顔を植えた」(にわにあさがおをうえた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3598

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contest

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'コンテスト (kontesuto)' refers to a 'contest' or 'competition'. It is a loanword derived from the English word 'contest' and is commonly used in contexts involving competitions, such as talent shows, beauty pageants, or academic challenges. For example: She won the singing contest「彼女は歌のコンテストで優勝した」(かのじょはうたのコンテストでゆうしょうした). We are participating in a cooking contest「私たちは料理のコンテストに参加しています」(わたしたちはりょうりのコンテストにさんかしています). The word is often used in both formal and informal settings and is widely understood in Japanese culture.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3599

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Revision

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改正 (かいせい)' means 'revision' or 'amendment'. It is commonly used in contexts where laws, regulations, or systems are being modified or updated. For example: The law underwent a revision「法律が改正された」(ほうりつがかいせいされた). The government is planning to amend the policy「政府は政策を改正する予定です」(せいふはせいさくをかいせいするよていです). This term is often used in formal or official settings, such as legal documents, government announcements, or academic discussions. It implies a deliberate and systematic change to improve or update something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3600

Composition

kanji

Handwriting