Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Advancement

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 進Advance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先進 (せんしん)' refers to 'advancement' or being 'advanced'. It is often used to describe progress, development, or the state of being ahead in a particular field, such as technology, science, or society. For example: Japan is known for its technological advancement「日本は技術の先進で知られている」(にほんはぎじゅつのせんしんでしられている). The country is at the forefront of medical advancement「その国は医療の先進に立っている」(そのくにはいりょうのせんしんにたっている). This term is commonly used in formal or technical contexts to highlight progress or leadership in a specific area.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4401

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tohoku

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'トウホク' refers to the Tohoku region, which is located in the northeastern part of Honshu, Japan's main island. This region is known for its scenic beauty, rich cultural heritage, and historical significance. It comprises six prefectures: Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata, and Fukushima. The Tohoku region is also famous for its festivals, hot springs, and delicious local cuisine. Example sentences: I want to visit Tohoku「トウホクに行きたい」(とうほくにいきたい). Tohoku is famous for its beautiful nature「トウホクは美しい自然で有名です」(とうほくはうつくしいしぜんでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

4402

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tired

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'くたびれる' means 'to be tired' or 'to be exhausted'. It is often used to describe physical fatigue after exertion or mental exhaustion from stress or overwork. This verb carries a nuance of being worn out or drained, and it can be used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: I'm tired from walking all day「一日中歩いてくたびれた」(いちにちじゅうあるいてくたびれた). He was exhausted after the long meeting「長い会議の後で彼はくたびれていた」(ながいかいぎのあとでかれはくたびれていた). Note that 'くたびれる' can also imply a sense of being worn out over time, such as clothes or objects becoming worn or shabby, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

4403

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slightly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'いささか (isasaka)' means 'slightly' or 'a little'. It is often used to express a small degree or amount of something, and can carry a nuance of modesty or understatement. It is commonly used in formal or written contexts. For example: I am slightly tired「いささか疲れています」(いささかつかれています). The situation is slightly complicated「状況はいささか複雑です」(じょうきょうはいささかふくざつです). Note that 'いささか' is more formal than similar adverbs like '少し (すこし)' or 'ちょっと', and is often used to soften statements or express politeness.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4404

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Celebration

Reading

Kanji

祝Celebrate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祝い (いわい)' means 'celebration'. It refers to an event or occasion where people gather to commemorate or honor something, such as a birthday, wedding, or achievement. This word is often used in formal or festive contexts. For example: We held a celebration for his promotion「彼の昇進の祝いをしました」(かれのしょうしんのいわいをしました). The wedding celebration was beautiful「結婚の祝いは美しかった」(けっこんのいわいはうつくしかった). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '誕生日祝い (たんじょうびいわい)' (birthday celebration).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4405

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shanghai

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'シャンハイ (shanhai)' refers to the city of Shanghai in China. It is written in katakana as it is a foreign place name. This word is used in contexts discussing geography, travel, or culture related to Shanghai. For example: I visited Shanghai last year「去年シャンハイを訪れました」(きょねんシャンハイをおとずれました). Shanghai is a bustling city「シャンハイは賑やかな都市です」(シャンハイはにぎやかなとしです). Note that 'シャンハイ' is the Japanese pronunciation of the city's name, and it is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

4406

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theater

Reading

Kanji

演Perform 劇Drama

Explanation

The Japanese noun '演劇 (えんげき)' refers to 'theater' or 'drama' as a performing art. It encompasses plays, stage performances, and theatrical productions. This term is used to describe both the art form itself and the performances. For example: I enjoy watching theater「私は演劇を見るのが好きです」(わたしはえんげきをみるのがすきです). She is studying theater at university「彼女は大学で演劇を勉強しています」(かのじょはだいがくでえんげきをべんきょうしています). The word can also refer to the broader concept of dramatic arts, including acting, directing, and stagecraft.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4407

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comedy

Reading

Kanji

喜Rejoice 劇Drama

Explanation

The Japanese noun '喜劇 (きげき)' means 'comedy'. It refers to a genre of entertainment, such as plays, movies, or performances, that is intended to make people laugh. It is often used in contrast to '悲劇 (ひげき)' (tragedy). For example: I enjoy watching comedies「私は喜劇を見るのが好きです」(わたしはきげきをみるのがすきです). This play is a comedy「この劇は喜劇です」(このげきはきげきです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that are amusing or absurd.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4408

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Anyway

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'どうせ (どうせ)' conveys a sense of resignation or inevitability, often implying that the outcome is already determined or that effort is futile. It can be used to express a dismissive or cynical attitude. For example: It's going to rain anyway, so let's stay home「どうせ雨が降るから、家にいよう」(どうせあめがふるから、いえにいよう). He won't listen to me anyway「どうせ彼は私の話を聞かない」(どうせかれはわたしのはなしをきかない). This adverb is commonly used in casual conversation and can sometimes carry a negative connotation, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4409

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Small size

Reading

Kanji

小Small 型Model, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小型 (こがた)' refers to something being of a small size or compact form. It is commonly used to describe objects, devices, or machinery that are designed to be smaller than the standard size. For example: This is a small-sized car「これは小型の車です」(これはこがたのくるまです). The company produces small-sized appliances「その会社は小型の家電を製造しています」(そのかいしゃはこがたのかでんをせいぞうしています). The term emphasizes the compactness or portability of the item in question.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4410

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pursuit

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 求Request, Seek

Explanation

The Japanese noun '追求 (ついきゅう)' means 'pursuit'. It refers to the act of striving to achieve or obtain something, often with great effort or determination. This word is commonly used in contexts related to goals, ideals, or objectives. For example: the pursuit of happiness「幸福の追求」(こうふくのついきゅう). He is in pursuit of his dreams「彼は夢の追求をしている」(かれはゆめのついきゅうをしている). The word can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as the pursuit of knowledge「知識の追求」(ちしきのついきゅう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4411

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Swim

Reading

Kanji

泳Swim

Explanation

The Japanese verb '泳ぐ (およぐ)' means 'to swim'. It is used to describe the action of moving through water by using one's body, typically arms and legs. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as swimming in a pool, ocean, or river. For example: I swim every morning「私は毎朝泳ぎます」(わたしはまいあさおよぎます). The children are swimming in the pool「子供たちはプールで泳いでいます」(こどもたちはプールでおよいでいます). It's important to note that '泳ぐ' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. When specifying the location where someone is swimming, the particle 'で' is used, as in 'プールで泳ぐ (プールでおよぐ) (to swim in the pool)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4412

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fixation

Reading

Kanji

固Hard 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '固定 (こてい)' refers to the act of fixing, securing, or making something immovable. It is often used in contexts where something is being anchored, stabilized, or set in place, such as in physical objects, ideas, or systems. For example: The shelf is fixed to the wall「棚は壁に固定されている」(たなはかべにこていされている). The company has a fixed policy「会社は固定された方針を持っている」(かいしゃはこていされたほうしんをもっている). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is unchanging or rigid, such as a fixed idea or belief.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4413

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Principal

Reading

Kanji

校School 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese noun '校長 (こうちょう)' refers to the 'principal' of a school. This term is specifically used to denote the head or chief administrator of an educational institution, such as an elementary, middle, or high school. For example: The principal gave a speech「校長がスピーチをした」(こうちょうがすぴーちをした). Our school's principal is very kind「私たちの学校の校長はとても親切です」(わたしたちのがっこうのこうちょうはとてもしんせつです). The word is commonly used in formal contexts and is a key role in the Japanese education system.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dead

Reading

Kanji

死Death 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '死者 (ししゃ)' refers to a deceased person or the dead. It is used to describe someone who has passed away. This term is often used in formal or serious contexts, such as in news reports, legal documents, or discussions about tragedies. For example: The number of dead increased「死者の数が増えた」(ししゃのかずがふえた). The dead were mourned by their families「死者は家族に悼まれた」(ししゃはかぞくにいたまれた). It is important to note that '死者' is a neutral term and does not carry any particular emotional connotation, but it is generally used in respectful contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4415

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Performance

Reading

Kanji

性Gender, Sex 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese noun '性能 (せいのう)' refers to the performance, capability, or efficiency of a machine, device, or system. It is commonly used in technical or mechanical contexts to describe how well something functions. For example: This car has excellent performance「この車は性能が優れている」(このくるまはせいのうがすぐれている). The performance of this computer is impressive「このコンピュータの性能は素晴らしい」(このコンピュータのせいのうはすばらしい). It can also be used in broader contexts, such as evaluating the performance of a product or system.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4416

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rule

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 治Cure, Reign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '統治 (とうち)' refers to the act or process of governing or ruling over a country, region, or group of people. It is often used in political or historical contexts to describe the administration or control exercised by a government or ruler. For example: The king's rule was just「王の統治は公正だった」(おうのとうちはこうせいだった). The new government aims for stable rule「新しい政府は安定した統治を目指す」(あたらしいせいふはあんていしたとうちをめざす). This term can also imply a sense of authority and control over a population or territory.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collide, Encounter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ぶつかる (butsukaru)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to collide', which refers to physically hitting or crashing into something. For example: The car collided with a tree「車が木にぶつかった」(くるまがきにぶつかった). The second meaning is 'to encounter', which refers to facing or running into a problem or difficulty. For example: I encountered a problem at work「仕事で問題にぶつかった」(しごとでもんだいにぶつかった). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe encountering challenges or obstacles in life. Note that the context will usually clarify whether the meaning is physical collision or encountering a situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

4418

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mistake

Reading

Kanji

間Interval, Space 違Differ, Different

Explanation

The Japanese verb '間違える (まちがえる)' means 'to mistake' or 'to make an error'. It is used when someone does something incorrectly or confuses one thing for another. This verb is often used in situations where a person takes the wrong action, chooses the wrong item, or misunderstands something. For example: I mistook the salt for sugar「塩を砂糖と間違えた」(しおをさとうとまちがえた). He mistook the date of the meeting「彼は会議の日付を間違えた」(かれはかいぎのひづけをまちがえた). The verb can also be used in the potential form to express the possibility of making a mistake, as in '間違えやすい (まちがえやすい)' (easy to make a mistake).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4419

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inherent

Reading

Kanji

固Hard 有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '固有 (こゆう)' means 'inherent' or 'intrinsic'. It refers to something that is innate, natural, or unique to a particular thing or situation. This word is often used to describe characteristics, properties, or qualities that are specific and essential to something. For example: This species has an inherent ability to adapt「この種は固有の適応能力を持っている」(このしゅはこゆうのてきおうのうりょくをもっている). The culture has its own inherent traditions「その文化には固有の伝統がある」(そのぶんかにはこゆうのでんとうがある). It can also be used in contexts like '固有の価値 (こゆうのかち)' (inherent value) or '固有の性質 (こゆうのせいしつ)' (intrinsic nature).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4420

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sponsor

Reading

Kanji

主Master 催Hold an event, Sponsor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '主催 (しゅさい)' means 'sponsor' or 'organize'. It refers to the act of hosting, organizing, or sponsoring an event, meeting, or activity. This word is often used in formal contexts, such as business or public events. For example: The company sponsored the event「その会社がイベントを主催した」(そのかいしゃがイベントをしゅさいした). The local government organized the festival「地方政府が祭りを主催した」(ちほうせいふがまつりをしゅさいした). Note that '主催' is typically used for events or activities that require planning and coordination.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4421

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Demand, Urging

Reading

Kanji

催Hold an event, Sponsor 促Urge, Press

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '催促 (さいそく)' refers to the act of urging or pressing someone to do something, often in the context of requesting payment, action, or a response. It can also imply a demand or insistence. For example: I received a demand for payment「支払いの催促を受けました」(しはらいのさいそくをうけました). He urged me to reply quickly「彼は早く返事をするように催促した」(かれははやくへんじをするようにさいそくした). This term is commonly used in formal or business settings, where timely responses or actions are required.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4422

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Etiquette

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'エチケット (echiketto)' is a loanword derived from the French word 'étiquette', meaning 'etiquette'. It refers to the customary code of polite behavior in society or among members of a particular profession or group. This term is often used in contexts related to manners, social norms, and proper conduct. For example: Good etiquette is important in business meetings「ビジネスミーティングではエチケットが大切です」(ビジネスミーティングではエチケットがたいせつです). She always follows proper etiquette「彼女はいつも正しいエチケットを守ります」(かのじょはいつもただしいエチケットをまもります). The word is commonly used in formal or semi-formal settings to emphasize the importance of behaving appropriately.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4423

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dirty

Reading

Kanji

汚Dirty, Dishonor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '汚い (きたない)' means 'dirty'. It is used to describe something that is physically unclean, messy, or contaminated. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something morally impure or unfair. For example: The room is dirty「部屋が汚い」(へやがきたない). His hands are dirty「彼の手は汚い」(かれのてはきたない). In a metaphorical sense, it can describe unfair behavior, such as 'That was a dirty trick'「それは汚い手だった」(それはきたないてだった). Note that this word is often used to describe both literal and figurative uncleanliness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4424

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Phrase

Reading

Kanji

句Phrase, Paragraph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '句 (く)' refers to a 'phrase' or a short group of words. It is commonly used in contexts related to poetry, literature, or grammar. For example, in haiku, a '句' is one of the three lines that make up the poem. It can also refer to idiomatic expressions or fixed phrases. Example sentences: This phrase is beautiful「この句は美しい」(このくはうつくしい). He wrote a haiku with three phrases「彼は三つの句で俳句を書いた」(かれはみっつのくではいくをかいた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Digital

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'デジタル (でじたる)' means 'digital'. It refers to technology, devices, or systems that operate using binary data or electronic signals, as opposed to analog. This term is commonly used in contexts related to electronics, media, and modern technology. For example: This is a digital camera「これはデジタルカメラです」(これはでじたるかめらです). Digital technology is advancing rapidly「デジタル技術は急速に進歩している」(でじたるぎじゅつはきゅうそくにしんぽしている). The word is often used as a prefix or modifier, such as in 'デジタル時計 (でじたるとけい)' (digital clock).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4426

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Especially

Reading

Kanji

殊Special, Especially

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '殊に (ことに)' means 'especially' or 'particularly'. It is used to emphasize a specific point or to single out something as being more important or notable than others. This adverb is often used in formal or written contexts to highlight a particular aspect of a situation. For example: I especially like autumn「殊に秋が好きです」(ことにあきがすきです). This area is particularly quiet「この地域は殊に静かです」(このちいきはことにしずかです). The word '殊に' can also be used to indicate a contrast or exception, such as in the sentence: He is usually calm, but today he is especially nervous「彼は普段は落ち着いているが、今日は殊に緊張している」(かれはふだんはおちついているが、きょうはことにきんちょうしている).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4427

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Symbol

Reading

Kanji

象Elephant, Phenomenon 徴Levy, Symptom

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '象徴 (しょうちょう)' means 'symbol'. It refers to something that represents or stands for an idea, quality, or concept. This word is often used in contexts where an object, person, or event embodies a larger meaning or represents a significant idea. For example: The dove is a symbol of peace「鳩は平和の象徴です」(はとはへいわのしょうちょうです). This building symbolizes the city's history「この建物は街の歴史を象徴しています」(このたてものはまちのれきしをしょうちょうしています). The term is commonly used in discussions about culture, art, and philosophy.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4428

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Faint

Reading

Kanji

微Slight, Delicate

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '微か (かすか)' means 'faint'. It is used to describe something that is barely perceptible, weak, or subtle. This can refer to sounds, smells, lights, or even emotions. For example: I heard a faint sound「微かな音が聞こえた」(かすかなおとがきこえた). There was a faint light in the distance「遠くに微かな光があった」(とおくにかすかなひかりがあった). The word can also describe something that is vague or indistinct, such as a faint memory「微かな記憶」(かすかなきおく).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4429

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ability

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実力 (じつりょく)' refers to one's true ability, skill, or capability. It emphasizes actual competence rather than superficial or theoretical knowledge. This word is often used in contexts like education, work, or sports to describe someone's genuine talent or performance. For example: He has the ability to succeed「彼は実力がある」(かれはじつりょくがある). Her ability is recognized by everyone「彼女の実力は皆に認められている」(かのじょのじつりょくはみんなにみとめられている). It can also refer to the actual power or strength of a person, group, or entity, such as in '実力行使 (じつりょくこうし) (use of force)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4430

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tag

Reading

Kanji

札Tag, Bill

Explanation

The Japanese noun '札 (ふだ)' primarily refers to a 'tag' or 'label'. It is commonly used to describe small pieces of paper, wood, or other materials that are attached to objects to provide information, such as price tags, name tags, or labels. For example: The price tag is on the shirt「シャツに札がついている」(シャツにふだがついている). Please write your name on the name tag「名札に名前を書いてください」(なふだになまえをかいてください). Additionally, '札' can also refer to paper money or bills, but this usage is less common in everyday conversation and more specific to contexts involving currency.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4431

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Full

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'だらけ (だらけ)' is used to indicate that something is 'full of' or 'covered with' a particular thing, often implying an excessive or undesirable amount. It is attached to nouns and can carry a negative connotation, though this depends on context. For example: The room is full of dust「部屋はほこりだらけだ」(へやはほこりだらけだ). His hands are covered with mud「彼の手は泥だらけだ」(かれのてはどろだらけだ). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various situations to emphasize abundance, but it often suggests clutter or messiness.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

4432

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Float

Reading

Kanji

浮Float

Explanation

The Japanese verb '浮く (うく)' means 'to float'. It is used to describe something that is buoyant and remains on the surface of a liquid or in the air. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe feelings of detachment or being out of place. For example: the boat floats on the water「ボートが水に浮く」(ボートがみずにうく). I feel like I'm floating in the air「空に浮いているような気がする」(そらにういているようなきがする). In a social context, it can describe someone who feels out of place: he feels like he doesn't belong here「彼はここで浮いている感じがする」(かれはここでういているかんじがする).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4433

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Permission

Reading

Kanji

許Permit, Allow 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '許可 (きょか)' means 'permission'. It refers to the act of allowing someone to do something or granting approval for an action. This word is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as requesting permission from authorities or superiors. For example: I need permission to enter「入る許可が必要です」(はいるきょかがひつようです). Did you get permission to leave early?「早退の許可をもらいましたか？」(そうたいのきょかをもらいましたか？). It can also be used in everyday situations, such as asking for permission to borrow something: Can I have permission to use your pen?「あなたのペンを使う許可をもらえますか？」(あなたのペンをつかうきょかをもらえますか？).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4434

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Training

Reading

Kanji

訓Instruction 練Practice

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '訓練 (くんれん)' refers to 'training' or 'drill'. It is commonly used to describe the process of teaching or learning a particular skill or behavior through practice and instruction. This term is often used in contexts such as military training, sports training, or professional skill development. For example: He underwent rigorous training「彼は厳しい訓練を受けた」(かれはきびしいくんれんをうけた). The soldiers are in training「兵士たちは訓練中です」(へいしたちはくんれんちゅうです). It can also be used metaphorically to describe mental or emotional preparation, such as 'training one's mind'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pervert

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'エッチ (etchi)' is a colloquial term that refers to 'sex' or sexual activities. It is derived from the English letter 'H', which stands for 'hentai' (pervert) in this context. The term is often used in a casual or playful manner among friends, but it can be considered vulgar or inappropriate in formal settings. Example sentences: Let's talk about sex「エッチの話をしよう」(えっちのはなしをしよう). He is always making dirty jokes「彼はいつもエッチな冗談を言う」(かれはいつもえっちなじょうだんをいう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4436

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kunyomi

Reading

Kanji

訓Instruction 読Read

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '訓読み (くんよみ)' refers to the Japanese reading of a kanji character, as opposed to the Chinese-derived '音読み (おんよみ)'. This reading is typically used when the kanji stands alone or is part of native Japanese words. For example: the kunyomi of 山 is 'やま'「山の訓読みは「やま」です」(やまのくんよみは「やま」です). Another example: I learned the kunyomi of this kanji「この漢字の訓読みを覚えました」(このかんじのくんよみをおぼえました). Understanding kunyomi is essential for reading and comprehending native Japanese vocabulary.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4437

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

At least

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'せめて' means 'at least' and is used to express a minimum expectation, hope, or requirement. It often conveys a sense of resignation or a desire for something better, even if it's not ideal. For example: I hope to at least pass the exam「せめて試験に合格したい」(せめてしけんにごうかくしたい). Can you at least call me?「せめて電話してくれない？」(せめてでんわしてくれない？). This word is commonly used in situations where the speaker is asking for the bare minimum or expressing a modest hope.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4438

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Play, Act

Reading

Kanji

芝Lawn, Turf 居Reside, Be

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芝居 (しばい)' primarily refers to a theatrical play or drama performed on stage. It can also mean 'acting' or 'pretending' in a broader sense, often used to describe someone's behavior when they are putting on an act or being insincere. For example: I watched a play at the theater「劇場で芝居を見た」(げきじょうでしばいをみた). He's just putting on an act「彼はただ芝居をしている」(かれはただしばいをしている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations where someone is being dramatic or exaggerating their emotions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4439

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Apologize

Reading

Kanji

謝Apologize

Explanation

The Japanese verb '謝る (あやまる)' means 'to apologize'. It is used when someone expresses regret or admits fault for something they have done wrong. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal situations. For example: I apologized to my friend「友達に謝った」(ともだちにあやまった). He apologized for being late「彼は遅れたことを謝った」(かれはおくれたことをあやまった). The verb can also be used in the form '謝ります (あやまります)' for polite speech, such as in a business setting. It is important to note that apologizing is a significant part of Japanese culture, and this verb is frequently used in daily interactions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4440

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Think of

Reading

Kanji

思Think 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '思い付く (おもいつく)' means 'to think of' or suddenly come up with an idea. It is used when someone has a sudden realization or idea, often unexpectedly. For example: I just thought of a good idea 「いいアイデアを思い付いた」 (いいアイデアをおもいついた). He suddenly thought of a solution 「彼は解決策を思い付いた」 (かれはかいけつさくをおもいついた). This verb is commonly used in contexts where creativity or problem-solving is involved, and it implies a sense of spontaneity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4441

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adjective

Reading

Kanji

形Shape 容Contain, Looks 詞Poetry, Words

Explanation

The Japanese noun '形容詞 (けいようし)' refers to 'adjective' in English. It is a part of speech that describes or modifies a noun, providing additional information about its qualities or states. In Japanese grammar, 形容詞 specifically refers to i-adjectives, which are a distinct category of adjectives that end in 'い' in their dictionary form. For example: This is a beautiful flower「これは美しい花です」(これはうつくしいはなです). The weather is cold today「今日は寒いです」(きょうはさむいです). Understanding 形容詞 is crucial for constructing descriptive sentences in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4442

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finally

Reading

Kanji

到Reach, Arrival 頭Head

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '到頭 (とうとう)' means 'finally' or 'at last'. It is used to indicate that something has happened after a long period of time or after much anticipation. This word often carries a nuance of relief, completion, or inevitability. For example: He finally arrived「彼は到頭到着した」(かれはとうとうとうちゃくした). The project is finally finished「そのプロジェクトは到頭終わった」(そのプロジェクトはとうとうおわった). Note that '到頭' is typically used in situations where the outcome was expected or inevitable, and it often implies a sense of closure.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4443

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recognition, Cognition

Reading

Kanji

認Recognize, Admit 知Know

Explanation

The Japanese noun '認知 (にんち)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'recognition', which refers to the acknowledgment or acceptance of something as true or valid. For example: The government's recognition of the new policy was swift「政府の新しい政策に対する認知は迅速だった」(せいふのあたらしいせいさくにたいするにんちはじんそくだった). The second meaning is 'cognition', which refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and understanding. For example: Cognitive abilities decline with age「認知能力は年齢とともに低下する」(にんちのうりょくはねんれいとともにていかする). It's important to note that '認知' is often used in formal or academic contexts, and the specific meaning can usually be inferred from the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4444

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Concentration

Reading

Kanji

濃Thick 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '濃度 (のうど)' refers to the 'concentration' of a substance, such as the density or strength of a solution, mixture, or chemical. It is commonly used in scientific, technical, or everyday contexts to describe how much of a particular substance is present in a given volume or area. For example: the concentration of salt in the water is high「水の中の塩の濃度が高い」(みずのなかのしおののうどがたかい). This juice has a low sugar concentration「このジュースは糖分の濃度が低い」(このジュースはとうぶんののうどがひくい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the intensity or density of abstract concepts, such as emotions or ideas.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4445

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sink

Reading

Kanji

沈Sink

Explanation

The Japanese verb '沈む (しずむ)' primarily means 'to sink'. It is used to describe something descending or submerging into a liquid, such as water. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a person's emotional state, such as feeling down or depressed. For example: The ship sank「船が沈んだ」(ふねがしずんだ). He sank into despair「彼は絶望に沈んだ」(かれはぜつぼうにしずんだ). The sun is setting「太陽が沈む」(たいようがしずむ). Note that '沈む' can also imply a gradual or inevitable decline, whether physical or emotional.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4446

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hosting

Reading

Kanji

司Director 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '司会 (しかい)' refers to the act of hosting or presiding over an event, such as a meeting, ceremony, or TV show. It is commonly used to describe the role of a person who guides the flow of an event, introduces speakers, and ensures the event runs smoothly. For example: She is hosting the event「彼女は司会をしています」(かのじょはしかいをしています). He was the host of the conference「彼は会議の司会を務めました」(かれはかいぎのしかいをつとめました). The term emphasizes the responsibility and leadership involved in managing an event.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Purchase

Reading

Kanji

購Purchase, Subscription 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '購入 (こうにゅう)' means 'purchase'. It refers to the act of buying or acquiring something, typically in a formal or commercial context. This term is often used in business settings, online shopping, or when discussing transactions. For example: I purchased a new car「新しい車を購入しました」(あたらしいくるまをこうにゅうしました). The company purchased new equipment「会社は新しい設備を購入しました」(かいしゃはあたらしいせつびをこうにゅうしました). It is important to note that '購入' is more formal than the verb '買う (かう)', which also means 'to buy' but is used in more casual contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4448

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lecture

Reading

Kanji

講Lecture 演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '講演 (こうえん)' refers to a formal talk or lecture given on a specific topic, often by an expert or a guest speaker. It is commonly used in academic, professional, or public settings. For example: I attended a lecture on Japanese history「日本の歴史についての講演に参加しました」(にほんのれきしについてのこうえんにさんかしました). The professor gave a lecture on climate change「教授が気候変動について講演しました」(きょうじゅがきこうへんどうについてこうえんしました). This term is often associated with structured, informative presentations rather than casual talks.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lecture

Reading

Kanji

講Lecture 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '講義 (こうぎ)' refers to a formal lecture or academic instruction, typically given by a teacher or professor in an educational setting. It is commonly used in universities and schools to describe a structured presentation of knowledge on a specific subject. For example: I attended a lecture on Japanese history「日本の歴史の講義に出席した」(にほんのれきしのこうぎにしゅっせきした). The professor gave a lecture on economics「教授が経済学の講義をした」(きょうじゅがけいざいがくのこうぎをした). This term is often associated with formal education and is distinct from casual or informal discussions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4450

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cancellation

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 講Lecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休講 (きゅうこう)' refers to the cancellation of a lecture or class. It is commonly used in academic settings to indicate that a scheduled lecture or class will not take place, often due to the teacher's absence or other unforeseen circumstances. For example: The lecture was canceled「休講になりました」(きゅうこうになりました). Tomorrow's class is canceled「明日の授業は休講です」(あしたのじゅぎょうはきゅうこうです). This term is specific to educational contexts and should not be confused with general cancellations of events or appointments.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4451

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quick

Reading

Kanji

素Element 早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '素早い (すばやい)' means 'quick' or 'swift'. It is used to describe actions, movements, or reactions that are done with speed and agility. This word often carries a nuance of efficiency and precision, not just raw speed. For example: He made a quick decision「彼は素早い決断をした」(かれはすばやいけつだんをした). The cat moved quickly「猫は素早く動いた」(ねこはすばやくうごいた). It can also describe someone who is quick-witted or sharp, as in '素早い返事 (すばやいへんじ) (a quick reply)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4452

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'カウンター (kauntaa)' refers to a 'counter', which can mean either a physical counter (like in a store or kitchen) or a counter in the sense of a device or mechanism that counts something. In a store or bar, it refers to the flat surface where transactions or services are conducted. For example: Please sit at the counter「カウンターに座ってください」(かうんたーにすわってください). The counter shows the number of visitors「カウンターは訪問者数を表示しています」(かうんたーはほうもんしゃすうをひょうじしています). The word is borrowed from English and is widely used in Japanese with the same meanings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4453

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Text

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'テキスト (tekisuto)' refers to 'text'. It is commonly used to describe written or printed material, such as books, articles, or digital content. This word is often used in educational contexts to refer to textbooks or study materials. For example: Please read the text「テキストを読んでください」(てきすとをよんでください). The text is very interesting「そのテキストはとても面白いです」(そのてきすとはとてもおもしろいです). It can also refer to text messages or digital text in modern contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4454

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Healthcare

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 健Healthy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保健 (ほけん)' refers to 'healthcare' or 'health preservation'. It is commonly used in contexts related to public health, medical care, and health maintenance. For example, '保健所 (ほけんじょ)' refers to a public health center, and '保健体育 (ほけんたいいく)' refers to health and physical education. Example sentences: The government provides healthcare services「政府は保健サービスを提供する」(せいふはほけんサービスをていきょうする). Health education is important「保健教育は大切です」(ほけんきょういくはたいせつです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4455

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Engineer

Reading

Kanji

技Skill 師Master, Expert

Explanation

The Japanese noun '技師 (ぎし)' refers to an 'engineer', a professional who applies scientific and mathematical principles to design, develop, and maintain structures, machines, or systems. This term is often used in professional contexts and can refer to various types of engineers, such as civil engineers, mechanical engineers, or electrical engineers. For example: He is a civil engineer「彼は土木技師です」(かれはどぼくぎしです). The company hired a new engineer「会社は新しい技師を雇いました」(かいしゃはあたらしいぎしをやといました). Note that '技師' is a formal term and is typically used in professional or official settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4456

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

December

Reading

Kanji

師Master, Expert 走Run

Explanation

The Japanese noun '師走 (しわす)' refers to the month of December, the twelfth and final month of the year. The term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and tradition, often associated with the busy end-of-year activities, such as preparing for the New Year. The word itself has an interesting etymology, with one theory suggesting that it comes from the idea of even Buddhist monks (師) running around (走る) busily during this month. Example sentences: December is a busy month「師走は忙しい月です」(しわすはいそがしいつきです). I will visit my family in December「師走に家族を訪ねます」(しわすにかぞくをたずねます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4457

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scorching, Furious

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'かんかん' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'furious', used to describe someone who is extremely angry or enraged. For example: He was furious「彼はかんかんに怒っていた」(かれはかんかんにおこっていた). The second meaning is 'scorching', used to describe intense heat, such as from the sun. For example: The sun is scorching today「今日の太陽はかんかんに照りつけている」(きょうのたいようはかんかんにてりつけている). These meanings are context-dependent, so pay attention to the situation in which the word is used.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4458

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Help

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 伝Transmit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お手伝い (おてつだい)' means 'help' or 'assistance'. It is a polite form often used to refer to helping someone with a task or chore. This term is commonly used in domestic or work settings, and it carries a respectful tone due to the honorific prefix 'お'. For example: I will help with the housework「家事のお手伝いをします」(かじのおてつだいをします). She is helping her mother「彼女はお母さんのお手伝いをしています」(かのじょはおかあさんのおてつだいをしています). The term can also refer to a person who provides help, such as a domestic helper or assistant.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4459

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bird

Reading

Kanji

小Small 鳥Bird

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小鳥 (ことり)' refers to a small bird, often a songbird or a bird kept as a pet. It is a compound of '小 (こ)', meaning 'small', and '鳥 (とり)', meaning 'bird'. This word is commonly used to describe small, delicate birds, and it carries a gentle, endearing connotation. Example sentences: I saw a small bird in the garden「庭で小鳥を見た」(にわでことりをみた). The small bird is singing「小鳥が鳴いている」(ことりがないている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4460

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Black person

Reading

Kanji

黒Black 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '黒人 (こくじん)' refers to a person of African descent or someone with dark skin. It is a neutral term used to describe race or ethnicity. However, it is important to use this term with sensitivity, as discussions about race can be culturally nuanced. For example: He is a black person「彼は黒人です」(かれはこくじんです). Many black people live in that city「その都市には多くの黒人が住んでいます」(そのとしにはおおくのこくじんがすんでいます). Note that while the term itself is not inherently offensive, context and tone matter greatly in its usage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leak

Reading

Kanji

漏Leak

Explanation

The Japanese verb '漏れる (もれる)' primarily means 'to leak'. It is used to describe the escape of a substance (like water, gas, or light) through a hole or crack. It can also be used metaphorically to describe information or secrets being unintentionally revealed. For example: water is leaking from the pipe「パイプから水が漏れている」(パイプからみずがもれている). The secret leaked out「秘密が漏れた」(ひみつがもれた). Additionally, '漏れる' can imply being excluded or left out, as in 'I was left out of the plan'「私はその計画から漏れた」(わたしはそのけいかくからもれた). This verb is versatile and context-dependent, so its usage can vary widely.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4462

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Singing

Reading

Kanji

歌Song 声Voice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歌声 (うたごえ)' refers to the sound or voice of someone singing. It is often used to describe the act of singing or the quality of a person's singing voice. This word can be used in various contexts, such as appreciating someone's singing or describing the atmosphere created by singing. For example: Her singing is beautiful「彼女の歌声は美しい」(かのじょのうたごえはうつくしい). The sound of singing echoed through the hall「歌声がホールに響いた」(うたごえがホールにひびいた). Note that '歌声' specifically refers to the sound or voice of singing, not the act of singing itself, which would be '歌う (うたう)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fleet

Reading

Kanji

艦Warship 隊Squad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '艦隊 (かんたい)' refers to a 'fleet', specifically a group of ships, particularly warships, operating together under one command. This term is often used in military or naval contexts. For example: the fleet is approaching「艦隊が接近している」(かんたいがせっきんしている). The admiral commands the fleet「提督が艦隊を指揮する」(ていとくがかんたいをしきする). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a large group of vehicles or objects moving together, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4464

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drama

Reading

Kanji

劇Drama

Explanation

The Japanese noun '劇 (げき)' refers to 'drama' or 'theater'. It is commonly used to describe theatrical performances, plays, or dramatic works. This term can be applied to both traditional Japanese theater (like Kabuki or Noh) and modern theater. For example: I watched a drama「劇を見た」(げきをみた). This theater is famous for its dramas「この劇場は劇で有名だ」(このげきじょうはげきでゆうめいだ). The word can also be part of compound nouns, such as '演劇 (えんげき)' (theatrical performance) or '悲劇 (ひげき)' (tragedy).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4465

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Field

Reading

Kanji

野Field

Explanation

The Japanese noun '野 (の)' means 'field'. It refers to an open area of land, often used for agriculture or as a natural landscape. This word is commonly used in contexts related to nature, farming, or rural areas. For example: a field of flowers「花の野」(はなのの). The cows are grazing in the field「牛が野で草を食べている」(うしがのでくさをたべている). Note that '野' can also appear in compound words, such as '野原 (のはら)' (field or plain) or '野生 (やせい)' (wild).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4466

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slide, Slip

Reading

Kanji

滑Slide, Smooth

Explanation

The Japanese verb '滑る (すべる)' primarily means 'to slide' or 'to slip'. It is used to describe the action of moving smoothly over a surface, often due to a lack of friction. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physical movement (e.g., sliding on ice) or metaphorical situations (e.g., slipping in a conversation). For example: The child slid down the hill「子供が丘を滑った」(こどもがおかをすべった). Be careful not to slip on the wet floor「濡れた床で滑らないように気をつけて」(ぬれたゆかですべらないようにきをつけて). Additionally, '滑る' can also be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '滑るように話す' (すべるようにはなす), meaning 'to speak smoothly or fluently'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4467

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Break

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split

Explanation

The Japanese verb '割る (わる)' primarily means 'to break' or 'to divide'. It is used when something is physically broken into pieces or when dividing something into parts. For example: I broke the glass「グラスを割った」(グラスをわった). Let's divide the cake「ケーキを割ろう」(ケーキをわろう). Additionally, '割る' can be used in contexts like splitting costs or breaking a record. For instance: We split the bill「割り勘にした」(わりかんにした). He broke the world record「彼は世界記録を割った」(かれはせかいきろくをわった). Note that '割る' often implies a deliberate or forceful action.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4468

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noisy

Reading

Kanji

騒Clamor, Boisterous

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '騒がしい (さわがしい)' means 'noisy'. It is used to describe situations, environments, or sounds that are loud, chaotic, or disruptive. This word often carries a negative connotation, implying that the noise is bothersome or overwhelming. For example: The classroom is noisy「教室が騒がしい」(きょうしつがさわがしい). The city streets are noisy at night「夜の街は騒がしい」(よるのまちはさわがしい). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a tumultuous or unsettled situation, such as 'a noisy political climate'「騒がしい政治状況」(さわがしいせいじじょうきょう).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4469

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Until now

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'これまで (koremade)' means 'until now' or 'up to this point'. It is used to refer to the period of time leading up to the present moment. This term can be used in various contexts to indicate the duration or extent of something that has been ongoing. For example: I have never seen such a thing until now「これまでこんなものを見たことがない」(これまでこんなものをみたことがない). Everything up to now has been a lie「これまで全てが嘘だった」(これまですべてがうそだった). It's important to note that 'これまで' often carries a nuance of finality or conclusion, suggesting that a change or new phase is about to begin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4470

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pierce

Reading

Kanji

刺Stab

Explanation

The Japanese verb '刺さる (ささる)' means 'to pierce' or 'to be stuck into something'. It describes the action of something sharp penetrating or embedding itself into another object or surface. This verb is often used in contexts where an object, such as a needle, thorn, or splinter, becomes embedded in something else. For example: A thorn pierced my finger「とげが指に刺さった」(とげがゆびにささった). The arrow pierced the target「矢が的に刺さった」(やがまとにささった). Note that '刺さる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it focuses on the state of being pierced rather than the action of piercing itself. The transitive counterpart is '刺す (さす)', which means 'to pierce' or 'to stab'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4471

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stimulation

Reading

Kanji

刺Stab 激Violent, Fierce

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '刺激 (しげき)' means 'stimulation'. It refers to the act of stimulating or provoking a response, whether physical, mental, or emotional. This word is often used in contexts involving excitement, provocation, or sensory input. For example: This movie provides strong stimulation「この映画は強い刺激を与える」(このえいがはつよいしげきをあたえる). Spicy food is a good stimulation for the appetite「辛い食べ物は食欲の良い刺激になる」(からいたべものはしょくよくのよいしげきになる). The word can also imply a sense of challenge or provocation, as in '彼の言葉は私に強い刺激を与えた (かれのことばはわたしにつよいしげきをあたえた) (His words gave me strong stimulation).'

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4472

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soup

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'スープ (すーぷ)' means 'soup'. It refers to a liquid dish, typically made by boiling meat, fish, or vegetables in stock or water. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is often associated with meals. For example: I like tomato soup「トマトスープが好きです」(とまとすーぷがすきです). This soup is hot「このスープは熱いです」(このすーぷはあついです). The word 'スープ' is borrowed from English and is widely understood in Japan, often used in both casual and formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4473

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enter

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '入り込む (はいりこむ)' means 'to enter' or 'to go into', often implying a deeper or more thorough penetration into a space or situation. It can be used to describe physically entering a place, such as a room or building, or metaphorically entering a state or condition. For example: The cat entered the box「猫が箱に入り込んだ」(ねこがはこにはいりこんだ). He got deeply involved in the project「彼はそのプロジェクトに入り込んだ」(かれはそのプロジェクトにはいりこんだ). This verb often carries a nuance of entering something that is not easily accessible or requires effort to enter.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4474

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deeply moved

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 激Violent, Fierce

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '感激 (かんげき)' refers to a state of being deeply moved or emotionally stirred, often due to something profoundly touching or inspiring. It conveys a strong emotional response, such as gratitude, admiration, or awe. For example: I was deeply moved by the movie「その映画に感激しました」(そのえいがにかんげきしました). His speech left me deeply moved「彼のスピーチに感激した」(かれのスピーチにかんげきした). This word is often used in contexts where an experience or event evokes a powerful emotional reaction.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4475

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sapporo

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'サッポロ' refers to the city of Sapporo, which is the capital of Hokkaido, Japan's northernmost prefecture. Sapporo is known for its beer, snow festival, and as a major cultural and economic hub in Hokkaido. Example sentences: I visited Sapporo last winter「去年の冬、サッポロを訪れました」(きょねんのふゆ、サッポロをおとずれました). Sapporo is famous for its ramen「サッポロはラーメンで有名です」(サッポロはラーメンでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

4476

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distribute

Reading

Kanji

配Distribute

Explanation

The Japanese verb '配る (くばる)' means 'to distribute' or 'to hand out'. It is commonly used when referring to the act of giving out items, such as flyers, food, or assignments, to multiple people. For example: The teacher distributed the handouts「先生はプリントを配った」(せんせいはプリントをくばった). Volunteers are handing out food to the homeless「ボランティアがホームレスに食べ物を配っている」(ボランティアがホームレスにたべものをくばっている). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as distributing attention or effort across multiple tasks. Note that the verb often implies an organized or systematic distribution.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4477

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excitement

Reading

Kanji

興Interest, Entertain 奮Invigorated

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '興奮 (こうふん)' refers to a state of excitement, agitation, or arousal. It is often used to describe emotional or physical excitement, such as the thrill of an event or the agitation caused by a situation. For example: I felt excitement at the concert「コンサートで興奮を感じた」(コンサートでこうふんをかんじた). The crowd was in a state of excitement「群衆は興奮状態だった」(ぐんしゅうはこうふんじょうたいだった). This word can also be used in contexts like sports, debates, or even scientific discussions to describe heightened energy or tension.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4478

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Signboard

Reading

Kanji

看Watch 板Board

Explanation

The Japanese noun '看板 (かんばん)' refers to a 'signboard' or 'sign', typically used to display information such as the name of a business, advertisements, or directions. It is commonly seen outside shops, restaurants, and other establishments. For example: The signboard is bright「看板が明るい」(かんばんがあかるい). The restaurant's signboard is easy to see「レストランの看板が見やすい」(レストランのかんばんがみやすい). Additionally, '看板' can metaphorically refer to something that represents or symbolizes a business or organization, such as a flagship product or service.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4479

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cry

Reading

Kanji

鳴Chirp

Explanation

The Japanese verb '鳴く (なく)' means 'to cry' or 'to make a sound', specifically referring to the sounds made by animals, such as birds chirping or dogs barking. It is not used for human crying, which would be '泣く (なく)' (same pronunciation but different kanji). For example: The bird is chirping「鳥が鳴いている」(とりがないている). The dog barked at night「犬が夜に鳴いた」(いぬがよるにないた). This verb is commonly used to describe animal sounds in nature or in everyday situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4480

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surprise

Reading

Kanji

驚Surprise, Surprised

Explanation

The Japanese verb '驚かす (おどろかす)' means 'to surprise' or 'to astonish'. It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object. This verb is used when someone causes another person to feel surprised or shocked, often intentionally. For example: He surprised his friend with a gift「彼は友達をプレゼントで驚かした」(かれはともだちをぷれぜんとでおどろかした). The loud noise surprised everyone「大きな音がみんなを驚かした」(おおきなおとがみんなをおどろかした). The verb can also imply a sense of startling someone, as in: She startled me by suddenly appearing「彼女が突然現れて私を驚かした」(かのじょがとつぜんあらわれてわたしをおどろかした). Note that the verb '驚く (おどろく)' is the intransitive form, meaning 'to be surprised'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4481

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Damp

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'じめじめ' describes a damp, humid, or sticky condition, often used to express discomfort due to moisture in the air or environment. It can also metaphorically describe a gloomy or oppressive atmosphere. For example: The room feels damp「部屋がじめじめしている」(へやがじめじめしている). The weather is humid and uncomfortable「天気がじめじめしていて不快だ」(てんきがじめじめしていてふかいだ). This word is often used to describe both physical and emotional states, such as a damp towel or a gloomy mood.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4482

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Publication

Reading

Kanji

刊Publish, Edition 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '刊行 (かんこう)' refers to the act of publishing or releasing a written work, such as a book, magazine, or journal. It is often used in formal contexts to describe the process of making a work available to the public. For example: The publication of the new book is scheduled for next month「新しい本の刊行は来月に予定されています」(あたらしいほんのかんこうはらいげつによていされています). This magazine has been in publication for over 50 years「この雑誌は50年以上刊行されています」(このざっしはごじゅうねんいじょうかんこうされています). The word can also be used in compound terms like '刊行物 (かんこうぶつ)', which means 'publication' or 'printed matter'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Industry

Reading

Kanji

業Business 界World

Explanation

The Japanese noun '業界 (ぎょうかい)' refers to a specific industry or business sector. It is commonly used to describe a particular field of work or commerce, such as the entertainment industry, technology industry, or financial industry. For example: He works in the film industry「彼は映画業界で働いています」(かれはえいがぎょうかいではたらいています). The gaming industry is growing rapidly「ゲーム業界は急速に成長しています」(ゲームぎょうかいはきゅうそくにせいちょうしています). This term is often used in professional or business contexts to discuss trends, developments, or challenges within a specific sector.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4484

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drive

Reading

Kanji

駆Spur on, Gallop

Explanation

The Japanese verb '駆る (かる)' primarily means 'to drive' or 'to compel'. It is often used to describe the act of driving animals, such as horses or cattle, or metaphorically to describe being driven by emotions or circumstances. For example: He drove the horses across the field「彼は馬を野原に駆った」(かれはうまをのはらにかった). Fear drove her to act quickly「恐怖が彼女を素早く行動させた」(きょうふがかのじをすばやくこうどうさせた). This verb can also imply urgency or being propelled by an external force, making it versatile in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4485

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Everywhere

Reading

Kanji

至Arrive, Climax 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '至る所 (いたるところ)' means 'everywhere'. It is used to describe a situation or condition that is present in all places or locations. This word is often used to emphasize the widespread nature of something. For example: There are flowers everywhere「至る所に花がある」(いたるところにはながある). Problems are everywhere「至る所に問題がある」(いたるところにもんだいがある). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as 'everywhere in the world'「世界の至る所」(せかいのいたるところ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4486

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Match

Reading

Kanji

一One 致Doth, Do humbly

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '一致 (いっち)' means 'match' or 'agreement'. It refers to a state where two or more things are in harmony, correspond, or are in alignment with each other. This word is often used in contexts where there is a need to express that opinions, data, or conditions are in agreement. For example: The data matches「データが一致する」(データがいっちする). Our opinions agree「私たちの意見は一致している」(わたしたちのいけんはいっちしている). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as when describing a match in characteristics or features.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4487

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Money, Coin

Reading

Kanji

銭Money, Coin

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '銭 (せん)' refers to 'coin' or 'money'. It is often used in compound words to denote currency or small amounts of money. Historically, '銭' was used to refer to small denominations of currency, such as the 'sen' in the pre-decimal Japanese monetary system. For example: one yen and fifty sen「一円五十銭」(いちえんごじっせん). This suffix is still used in modern Japanese, particularly in contexts involving small change or historical references. Another example: ten sen coin「十銭玉」(じっせんだま).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4488

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finance

Reading

Kanji

財Wealth 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '財務 (ざいむ)' refers to 'finance' or 'financial affairs'. It is commonly used in contexts related to the management of money, especially in corporate or governmental settings. For example: The company's finance department is very efficient「会社の財務部門は非常に効率的です」(かいしゃのざいむぶもんはひじょうにこうりつてきです). He is in charge of the financial affairs of the organization「彼は組織の財務を担当しています」(かれはそしきのざいむをたんとうしています). This term is often used in formal or business contexts to discuss financial management, budgeting, or accounting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4489

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meeting

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '総会 (そうかい)' refers to a 'general meeting' or 'assembly', typically held by organizations, companies, or groups to discuss important matters, make decisions, or report on activities. It is often used in formal contexts, such as shareholder meetings or annual gatherings. For example: The annual meeting will be held next week「総会は来週開催されます」(そうかいはらいしゅうかいさいされます). We attended the general assembly「私たちは総会に出席しました」(わたしたちはそうかいにしゅっせきしました). This term emphasizes the collective and formal nature of the gathering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clerk

Reading

Kanji

店Shop 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '店員 (てんいん)' refers to a 'clerk' or 'shop assistant'. This term is used to describe someone who works in a store, assisting customers, handling transactions, and managing inventory. It is a common term in retail and service industries. For example: The clerk is friendly「店員は親切です」(てんいんはしんせつです). I asked the clerk for help「店員に助けを求めました」(てんいんにたすけをもとめました). The word is neutral and can be used in various contexts, such as in department stores, convenience stores, or specialty shops.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4491

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continue, Inherit

Reading

Kanji

継Succeed, Inherit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '継ぐ (つぐ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to inherit,' which refers to receiving something, such as a title, property, or tradition, from a predecessor. For example: he inherited the family business「彼は家業を継いだ」(かれはかぎょうをついだ). The second meaning is 'to continue,' which refers to carrying on or resuming an activity or process. For example: she continued the story「彼女は話を継いだ」(かのじょははなしをついだ). This verb is often used in contexts involving succession, tradition, or the continuation of tasks or narratives.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4492

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stare

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'じろじろ' describes the act of staring at someone or something intently, often in a way that can be considered rude or uncomfortable. It implies a direct and prolonged gaze, usually without trying to hide it. For example: He stared at me「彼は私をじろじろ見た」(かれはわたしをじろじろみた). Don't stare at people like that「人をじろじろ見ないで」(ひとをじろじろみないで). This word carries a slightly negative connotation, as it often makes the person being stared at feel uneasy or self-conscious.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4493

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Narrow

Reading

Kanji

狭Narrow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '狭まる (せばまる)' means 'to narrow' or 'to become narrow'. It describes the process of something becoming physically or metaphorically narrower. This verb is often used to describe spaces, gaps, or even abstract concepts like differences or options. For example: the gap between the two teams narrowed「二つのチームの差が狭まった」(ふたつのチームのさがせばまった). The road narrows ahead「この先、道が狭まります」(このさき、みちがせばまります). It is important to note that '狭まる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object and focuses on the subject undergoing the change.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4494

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Narrow

Reading

Kanji

狭Narrow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '狭める (せばめる)' means 'to narrow' or 'to make something narrower'. It is used to describe the action of reducing the width, scope, or extent of something. This verb can be applied to physical spaces, such as narrowing a road, or abstract concepts, such as narrowing down options. For example: He narrowed the gap between the two cars「彼は車の間の距離を狭めた」(かれはくるまのあいだのきょりをせばめた). We need to narrow down the list of candidates「候補者のリストを狭める必要がある」(こうほしゃのリストをせばめるひつようがある). The verb is often used in contexts where precision or focus is required.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4495

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slow driving

Reading

Kanji

徐Slowly, Gradually 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '徐行 (じょこう)' refers to the act of driving slowly or proceeding at a reduced speed. It is commonly used in contexts related to traffic regulations, such as when drivers are required to slow down in specific areas like school zones or residential neighborhoods. For example: Drive slowly in the school zone「学校の近くで徐行してください」(がっこうのちかくでじょこうしてください). The car is moving slowly「車が徐行している」(くるまがじょこうしている). This term emphasizes the deliberate reduction of speed for safety or compliance purposes.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4496

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intentionally

Reading

Kanji

態Appearance, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '態と (わざと)' means 'intentionally' or 'on purpose'. It is used to describe actions that are done deliberately, often with a specific intention or motive. This word can carry a slightly negative nuance, implying that the action was done with some ulterior motive or to cause a reaction. For example: He intentionally broke the vase「彼は態と花瓶を壊した」(かれはわざとかびんをこわした). She pretended not to know, even though she did「彼女は知っているのに態と知らないふりをした」(かのじょはしっているのにわざとしらないふりをした). The adverb is often used in contexts where the speaker wants to emphasize that the action was not accidental.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4497

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consideration

Reading

Kanji

考Think, Consider 察Guess

Explanation

The Japanese noun '考察 (こうさつ)' means 'consideration' or 'examination'. It refers to the act of carefully thinking about or analyzing something, often in a formal or academic context. This word is commonly used in discussions, research, or when evaluating ideas. For example: careful consideration of the problem「問題の考察」(もんだいのこうさつ). The professor's examination of the theory was thorough「教授の理論の考察は徹底的だった」(きょうじゅのりろんのこうさつはてっていてきだった). Note that '考察' is often used in written or formal contexts rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Space

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'スペース (supeesu)' means 'space'. It is a loanword from English and is used in various contexts to refer to physical space, outer space, or even blank space in writing or design. For example: there is no space in this room「このルームにはスペースがない」(このルームにはすぺーすがない). I need more space to write「もっと書くためのスペースが必要だ」(もっとかくためのすぺーすがひつようだ). It can also refer to outer space, as in 'space exploration'「スペース探査」(すぺーすたんさ). The word is versatile and widely understood in modern Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4499

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seclude

Reading

Kanji

籠Cage, Basket

Explanation

The Japanese verb '籠もる (こもる)' means 'to seclude oneself' or 'to stay indoors'. It is often used to describe someone staying inside a place, such as a room or house, for an extended period of time, either by choice or due to external circumstances. For example: he secluded himself in his room「彼は部屋に籠もった」(かれはへやにこもった). During the storm, we stayed indoors「嵐の間、私たちは家に籠もっていた」(あらしのあいだ、わたしたちはいえにこもっていた). This verb can also imply a sense of isolation or withdrawal from the outside world.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4500

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting