Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Inside body

Reading

Kanji

体Body 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体内 (たいない)' refers to the 'inside of the body'. It is commonly used in medical, biological, or health-related contexts to describe something occurring within the body. For example: The medicine works inside the body「薬は体内で効く」(くすりはたいないできく). Toxins accumulate inside the body「毒素が体内に蓄積する」(どくそがたいないにちくせきする). This term is often used in scientific or formal discussions about bodily functions, health, or medical treatments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5401

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Owner

Reading

Kanji

持Hold 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese noun '持ち主 (もちぬし)' refers to the 'owner' of something, typically an object or possession. It is used to indicate who has rightful possession or control over an item. For example: The owner of this bag is kind「このバッグの持ち主は優しい」(このバッグのもちぬしはやさしい). I found the owner of the lost wallet「落とした財布の持ち主を見つけた」(おとしたさいふのもちぬしをみつけた). The word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. It is important to note that '持ち主' specifically refers to the person who owns or possesses something, rather than the act of owning itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5402

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

No matter what, By all means

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'どうしても (どうしても)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'no matter what,' which is used to express that something cannot be achieved or avoided regardless of effort or circumstances. For example: I can't understand it no matter what「どうしても理解できない」(どうしてもりかいできない). The second meaning is 'by all means,' which is used to express a strong determination or necessity to achieve something. For example: I must pass the exam by all means「どうしても試験に合格しなければならない」(どうしてもしけんにごうかくしなければならない). The nuance of this word often conveys a sense of urgency or strong will.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

5403

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clear, Obvious

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 白White

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '明白 (めいはく)' means 'clear' or 'obvious'. It is used to describe something that is evident, unambiguous, or easily understood. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize clarity or certainty. For example: The evidence is clear「証拠は明白だ」(しょうこはめいはくだ). It's obvious that he is lying「彼が嘘をついているのは明白だ」(かれがうそをついているのはめいはくだ). Note that '明白' is often followed by the copula 'だ' or 'です' to form a complete statement.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5404

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bright red

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 赤Red

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '真っ赤 (まっか)' means 'bright red'. It is used to describe something that is vividly or intensely red in color. This term can be used to describe objects, emotions, or even situations. For example: her face turned bright red「彼女の顔は真っ赤になった」(かのじょのかおはまっかになった). The sky was bright red at sunset「夕焼けで空が真っ赤だった」(ゆうやけでそらがまっかだった). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is blatantly obvious or completely false, as in '真っ赤な嘘 (まっかなうそ) (a blatant lie)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5405

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suburbs

Reading

Kanji

郊Suburbs 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '郊外 (こうがい)' refers to the 'suburbs' or the outlying areas of a city. It is used to describe residential areas located on the outskirts of urban centers, often characterized by quieter environments, more spacious housing, and a slower pace of life compared to the city center. For example: I live in the suburbs「私は郊外に住んでいます」(わたしはこうがいにすんでいます). The suburbs are peaceful「郊外は静かです」(こうがいはしずかです). This term is commonly used in discussions about urban planning, commuting, and lifestyle preferences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5406

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Straight line

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '直線 (ちょくせん)' refers to a 'straight line'. It is commonly used in contexts related to geometry, design, and everyday descriptions of shapes or paths. For example: Draw a straight line「直線を描いてください」(ちょくせんをえがいてください). The road is a straight line「その道は直線です」(そのみちはちょくせんです). This word emphasizes the absence of curves or bends, and it can be used both literally and metaphorically.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5407

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tie, Connect

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '結び付ける (むすびつける)' primarily means 'to connect' or 'to tie'. It is used to describe the action of linking or binding things together, either physically or abstractly. For example, it can be used to describe tying a knot or connecting ideas. Example sentences: He connected the two ideas「彼は二つの考えを結び付けた」(かれはふたつのかんがえをむすびつけた). She tied the rope to the tree「彼女はロープを木に結び付けた」(かのじょはロープをきにむすびつけた). This verb is often used in contexts where a strong or meaningful connection is being made, whether it's between objects, concepts, or people.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5408

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Please

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'どうか (どうか)' is used to make a polite request or plea, often conveying a sense of urgency or desperation. It can be translated as 'please' but carries a stronger emotional tone, implying that the speaker is earnestly asking for something. For example: please help me「どうか助けてください」(どうかたすけてください). please consider my request「どうか私の願いを聞いてください」(どうかわたしのねがいをきいてください). This word is often used in formal or serious situations, such as when asking for a favor or making a heartfelt appeal.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

5409

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Napa cabbage

Reading

Kanji

白White 菜Vegetable

Explanation

The Japanese noun '白菜 (はくさい)' refers to 'napa cabbage', a type of Chinese cabbage commonly used in East Asian cuisine. It is characterized by its long, light green leaves and white stems. This vegetable is a staple in dishes such as hot pot, stir-fries, and pickles. For example: I bought napa cabbage at the market「市場で白菜を買いました」(いちばではくさいをかいました). Napa cabbage is delicious in hot pot「白菜は鍋料理で美味しい」(はくさいはなべりょうりでおいしい). The word is often used in culinary contexts and is a key ingredient in many traditional Japanese dishes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5410

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clothing

Reading

Kanji

衣Clothes

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衣 (い)' refers to 'clothing' or 'garments'. It is often used in a formal or literary context to describe attire or apparel. This word can be found in compound words or phrases related to clothing, such as '衣装 (いしょう)' meaning 'costume' or 'outfit'. Example sentences include: She wore beautiful clothing「彼女は美しい衣を着ていた」(かのじょはうつくしいいをきていた). The clothing was made of silk「その衣は絹でできていた」(そのいはきぬでできていた). Note that '衣' is less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to '服 (ふく)', which is a more general term for clothing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5411

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Development, Pioneering

Reading

Kanji

開Open 拓Reclaim, Cultivation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '開拓 (かいたく)' refers to the act of pioneering or developing new land, ideas, or fields. It is often used in contexts related to exploring uncharted territories, creating new opportunities, or advancing in a particular area. For example: Pioneering new markets is essential for growth「新しい市場の開拓は成長に不可欠だ」(あたらしいしじょうのかいたくはせいちょうにふかけつだ). They are developing unused land「彼らは未使用の土地を開拓している」(かれらはみしようのとちをかいたくしている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe innovation or breaking new ground in various fields.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5412

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cell

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'セル (seru)' refers to a 'cell'. This term is commonly used in various contexts, such as biology to describe the basic structural and functional unit of organisms, or in technology to refer to a unit in a battery or a cell in a spreadsheet. For example: The human body is made up of cells「人体はセルでできている」(じんたいはセルでできている). This battery has four cells「このバッテリーは4つのセルがある」(このバッテリーはよんつのセルがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5413

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Miyazaki

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ミヤザキ' refers to a common Japanese surname or the name of a place, such as Miyazaki Prefecture located in the southeastern part of Kyushu, Japan. It is also famously associated with Hayao Miyazaki, the renowned Japanese animator and co-founder of Studio Ghibli. Example sentences: I visited Miyazaki Prefecture「ミヤザキ県を訪れました」(みやざきけんをおとずれました). Hayao Miyazaki is a famous director「宮崎駿は有名な監督です」(みやざきはやおはゆうめいなかんとくです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

5414

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year end

Reading

Kanji

年Year 末End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年末 (ねんまつ)' refers to the end of the year, typically encompassing the period from late December to New Year's Eve. It is a time associated with various traditions, preparations for the New Year, and reflection on the past year. For example: I will return home at yearend「年末に実家に帰ります」(ねんまつにじっかにかえります). Many people clean their houses at yearend「年末に大掃除をする人が多いです」(ねんまつにおおそうじをするひとがおおいです). This term is often used in contexts related to holidays, work, and seasonal activities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5415

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Goodwill

Reading

Kanji

好Like, Fond 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '好意 (こうい)' means 'goodwill' or 'kindness'. It refers to a feeling of friendliness, benevolence, or positive regard towards someone. This word is often used to describe a person's warm or favorable feelings towards another, such as in a relationship or friendship. For example: She showed me goodwill「彼女は私に好意を示した」(かのじょはわたしにこういをしめした). I appreciate your kindness「あなたの好意に感謝します」(あなたのこういにかんしゃします). Note that '好意' can also imply romantic interest in certain contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5416

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author

Explanation

The Japanese noun '著 (ちょ)' refers to a written work, such as a book, essay, or publication. It is often used in formal contexts to denote the authorship or creation of a literary piece. For example: This is his latest work「これは彼の最新の著です」(これはかれのさいしんのちょです). The author's works are widely read「その作家の著は広く読まれている」(そのさっかのちょはひろくよまれている). Note that '著' is typically used in compound words or formal settings, such as '著作 (ちょさく)' meaning 'literary work' or '著者 (ちょしゃ)' meaning 'author'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Notebook

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 帳Notebook

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手帳 (てちょう)' refers to a small notebook or planner, often used for keeping track of schedules, notes, or personal information. It is a common item carried by many people in Japan for daily organization. Example sentences: I bought a new notebook「新しい手帳を買いました」(あたらいてちょうをかいました). Please write it in your notebook「手帳に書いてください」(てちょうにかいてください). The word can also imply a sense of personal organization and planning, as it is often used to manage daily tasks and appointments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5418

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bite, Sip

Reading

Kanji

一One 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一口 (ひとくち)' can mean either 'bite' or 'sip', depending on the context. When referring to food, it typically means a small bite or portion, such as in the sentence: take a bite of this cake「このケーキを一口食べて」(このケーキをひとくちたべて). When referring to drinks, it means a small sip, as in: take a sip of tea「お茶を一口飲んで」(おちゃをひとくちのんで). The word is often used to describe a small amount of food or drink, and it can also be used metaphorically to describe a small amount of information or effort, such as in the phrase '一口メモ (ひとくちめも)' which means a brief note or memo.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5419

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '切り (きり)' is used to indicate the end or limit of something. It often implies a definitive stopping point or a clear boundary. This suffix can be attached to nouns or verbs to convey the idea of completion or finality. For example: that was the last of it「それっきり」(それっきり). I haven't seen him since that day「あの日きり会っていない」(あのひきりあっていない). It can also be used to emphasize that something is done thoroughly or completely, as in 'しっかり (しっかり) (firmly/solidly)', though this is a different usage of the same kanji.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5420

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Offer, Dedicate

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ささげる' (sasageru) primarily means 'to dedicate' or 'to offer'. It is often used in contexts where someone is dedicating something, such as time, effort, or an object, to a cause, person, or deity. For example: He dedicated his life to science「彼は科学に人生をささげた」(かれはかがくにじんせいをささげた). She offered flowers to the shrine「彼女は神社に花をささげた」(かのじょはじんじゃにはなをささげた). The verb can also be used metaphorically to express devotion or commitment, such as dedicating a song to someone「彼にこの歌をささげます」(かれにこのうたをささげます).

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

5421

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boast

Reading

Kanji

誇Boast

Explanation

The Japanese verb '誇る (ほこる)' means 'to boast' or 'to take pride in'. It is used when someone feels a sense of pride or satisfaction about something they or someone else has achieved or possesses. This verb can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the tone and situation. For example: He boasts about his achievements「彼は自分の業績を誇る」(かれはじぶんのぎょうせきをほこる). This town boasts a beautiful park「この町は美しい公園を誇る」(このまちはうつくしいこうえんをほこる). Note that while '誇る' often implies pride, it can sometimes carry a nuance of arrogance if used inappropriately.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5422

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Understanding

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '理解 (りかい)' means 'understanding'. It refers to the act of comprehending or grasping something, whether it be a concept, situation, or another person's feelings. This word is often used in both formal and informal contexts to express the idea of gaining insight or knowledge. For example: I have a deep understanding of the problem「私はその問題を深く理解しています」(わたしはそのもんだいをふかくりかいしています). Mutual understanding is important in relationships「関係において相互理解は重要です」(かんけいにおいてそうごりかいはじゅうようです). It can also be used to describe the process of understanding, as in 'understanding the instructions' (理解する (りかいする)).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5423

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disassembly, Analysis

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '分解 (ぶんかい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'disassembly', referring to the act of taking something apart into its constituent pieces. For example: I disassembled the machine「機械を分解した」(きかいをぶんかいした). The second meaning is 'analysis', referring to the detailed examination of the elements or structure of something. For example: The scientist analyzed the data「科学者がデータを分解した」(かがくしゃがデータをぶんかいした). It's important to note that the context in which '分解' is used will determine whether it refers to physical disassembly or abstract analysis.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5424

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fee

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '有料 (ゆうりょう)' means 'fee' or 'charge'. It is used to indicate that something requires payment or is not free. This term is commonly seen in contexts such as parking lots, events, or services that require a fee. For example: Parking is not free, there is a fee「駐車場は無料ではなく、有料です」(ちゅうしゃじょうはむりょうではなく、ゆうりょうです). This museum has an admission fee「この博物館は入場が有料です」(このはくぶつかんはにゅうじょうがゆうりょうです). The word is often paired with '無料 (むりょう)' (free) to contrast paid and free services.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thanks, Somehow

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'どうも' is a versatile word with two primary meanings. First, it is often used as a casual way to say 'thanks' or express gratitude, similar to 'thanks a lot' or 'thank you'. For example: Thanks a lot「どうもありがとう」(どうもありがとう). Second, it can mean 'somehow' or 'in some way', often used when the speaker is unsure or vague about something. For example: I somehow feel uneasy「どうも不安だ」(どうもふあんだ). The word is highly context-dependent, so its meaning can vary based on the situation. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and is considered informal.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

5426

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jealousy

Reading

Kanji

嫉Envy, Jealous 妬Envy, Jealous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '嫉妬 (しっと)' means 'jealousy'. It refers to the feeling of envy or resentment towards someone because of their advantages, achievements, or possessions. This word is often used in contexts involving relationships, competition, or personal insecurities. For example: She felt jealousy towards her friend「彼女は友達に嫉妬を感じた」(かのじょはともだちにしっとをかんじた). His success caused jealousy among his colleagues「彼の成功は同僚の間に嫉妬を引き起こした」(かれのせいこうはどうりょうのあいだにしっとをひきおこした). The word can also imply a sense of bitterness or ill will, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5427

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Measure

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese noun '処置 (しょち)' means 'measure' or 'action taken to deal with a situation'. It is often used in contexts where a problem or issue needs to be addressed, such as in medical, technical, or administrative settings. For example: The doctor took immediate measures「医師はすぐに処置をした」(いしはすぐにしょちをした). We need to take measures to prevent accidents「事故を防ぐための処置が必要だ」(じこをふせぐためのしょちがひつようだ). This word can also imply a sense of urgency or necessity in addressing the situation at hand.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5428

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Skiing

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'スキー (すきー)' refers to the sport or activity of skiing. It can also refer to the equipment used in skiing, such as skis. This word is a loanword from English and is commonly used in Japan, especially in regions with snowy winters. For example: I like skiing「スキーが好きです」(すきーがすきです). We went skiing in Hokkaido「北海道でスキーをしました」(ほっかいどうですきーをしました). It's important to note that 'スキー' is often used in compound words, such as 'スキー場 (すきーじょう)' (ski resort) or 'スキー板 (すきーいた)' (ski board).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5429

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

末End 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese noun '末期 (まっき)' refers to the 'end' or 'final stage' of something, often implying the last phase of a period, era, or condition. It is commonly used in contexts such as the end of an era, the final stage of a disease, or the closing phase of a historical period. For example: the final stage of the disease「病気の末期」(びょうきのまっき). The end of the Edo period「江戸時代の末期」(えどじだいのまっき). This word carries a nuance of inevitability and often suggests a critical or irreversible state.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5430

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty, Role

Reading

Kanji

役Duty 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese noun '役目 (やくめ)' refers to a specific role or duty that someone or something is expected to fulfill. It often implies a sense of responsibility or obligation. For example: his role is to protect the family「彼の役目は家族を守ることです」(かれのやくめはかぞくをまもることです). It is my duty to finish this task「この仕事を終わらせるのが私の役目です」(このしごとをおわらせるのがわたしのやくめです). The word can be used in both formal and informal contexts, and it often carries a connotation of importance or necessity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5431

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Safely

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '無事 (ぶじ)' means 'safely' or 'without incident'. It is often used to describe the successful completion of a task, journey, or event without any problems or harm. It can also be used to express relief that someone or something is safe. For example: He arrived safely「彼は無事に到着した」(かれはぶじにとうちゃくした). The package was delivered without any issues「荷物は無事に届いた」(にもつはぶじにとどいた). It's important to note that '無事' can also be used as a noun to mean 'safety' or 'well-being', but in this context, we are focusing on its adverbial usage.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5432

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quiet

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無口 (むくち)' refers to someone who is 'quiet' or 'taciturn', often describing a person who speaks little or is not talkative. It is used to characterize someone's personality or behavior. For example: He is a quiet person「彼は無口な人です」(かれはむくちなひとです). She became quiet after the incident「彼女はその出来事の後、無口になりました」(かのじょはそのできごとのあと、むくちになりました). This term is neutral and does not inherently carry a positive or negative connotation, though context can influence its interpretation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5433

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soon

Reading

Kanji

間Interval, Space 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '間も無く (まもなく)' means 'soon' and is used to indicate that something will happen in the near future. It is often used in formal or written contexts, such as announcements or schedules. For example: The train will arrive soon「電車は間も無く到着します」(でんしゃはまもなくとうちゃくします). The meeting will start soon「会議は間も無く始まります」(かいぎはまもなくはじまります). This adverb conveys a sense of immediacy and is typically used when the event is expected to occur within a short period of time.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5434

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expert

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese noun '通 (つう)' refers to someone who is an expert or well-versed in a particular field or subject. It implies a deep understanding and familiarity, often gained through extensive experience or study. For example: He is an expert in Japanese history「彼は日本史の通だ」(かれはにほんしのつうだ). She is a wine connoisseur「彼女はワインの通だ」(かのじょはワインのつうだ). The term can also be used to describe someone who is a regular or frequent visitor to a place, such as a shop or restaurant, indicating a level of familiarity and recognition by the establishment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mode

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'モード (moudo)' refers to a 'mode' or 'state' of something, often used in contexts like fashion, technology, or behavior. It can describe a particular setting, style, or condition. For example: the phone is in silent mode「携帯はサイレントモードです」(けいたいはさいれんともーどです). She is in a cheerful mode today「彼女は今日は明るいモードです」(かのじょはきょうはあかるいもーどです). This word is borrowed from English and is commonly used in modern Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5436

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hard

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ハード (はーど)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'hard'. It is often used to describe something that is physically hard or difficult. This term is commonly used in contexts related to physical objects, tasks, or challenges. For example: This bread is hard「このパンはハードだ」(このぱんははーどだ). The exam was hard「その試験はハードだった」(そのしけんははーどだった). Additionally, 'ハード' can be used in compound words like 'ハードワーク (はーどうぉーく)' meaning 'hard work'. It's important to note that while 'ハード' can describe physical hardness, it is also frequently used metaphorically to describe challenging situations or tasks.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

5437

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reckless

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 茶Tea

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無茶 (むちゃ)' primarily means 'reckless' or 'unreasonable'. It is often used to describe actions or behavior that are done without considering the consequences or that defy common sense. For example: He made a reckless decision「彼は無茶な決断をした」(かれはむちゃなけつだんをした). Don't do anything unreasonable「無茶をしないで」(むちゃをしないで). The word can also imply something being excessive or absurd, such as in the phrase '無茶苦茶 (むちゃくちゃ)', which means 'utterly chaotic' or 'completely messed up'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5438

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rebuilding

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 建Build

Explanation

The Japanese noun '再建 (さいけん)' means 'rebuilding'. It refers to the process of reconstructing or restoring something that has been damaged, destroyed, or fallen into disrepair. This term is often used in contexts such as rebuilding structures, organizations, or systems. For example: the rebuilding of the city after the earthquake「地震の後の街の再建」(じしんのあとのまちのさいけん). The company is undergoing rebuilding「会社は再建中です」(かいしゃはさいけんちゅうです). It can also be used metaphorically, such as rebuilding trust or relationships.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5439

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

創Create 設Set up, Establish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '創設 (そうせつ)' means 'establishment'. It refers to the act of founding or creating something, such as an organization, institution, or system. This word is often used in formal contexts to describe the inception of significant entities. For example: the establishment of a new university「新しい大学の創設」(あたらしいだいがくのそうせつ). The company celebrated its 50th anniversary since its establishment「会社は創設から50周年を祝った」(かいしゃはそうせつからごじゅっしゅうねんをいわった). Note that '創設' emphasizes the initial act of creation or founding, rather than the ongoing existence of the entity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5440

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vertical

Reading

Kanji

縦Vertical

Explanation

The Japanese noun '縦 (たて)' means 'vertical'. It is used to describe something that is oriented in an up-and-down direction, as opposed to horizontal. This word is commonly used in contexts involving directions, measurements, or orientations. For example: draw a vertical line「縦の線を描く」(たてのせんをかく). The vertical axis is important in this graph「このグラフでは縦軸が重要です」(このグラフではたてじくがじゅうようです). Additionally, '縦' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe hierarchical relationships or structures, such as in organizations or systems.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5441

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mobilization

Reading

Kanji

動Move 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動員 (どういん)' refers to the act of mobilizing or assembling resources, people, or forces for a specific purpose. It is commonly used in contexts such as military mobilization, workforce mobilization, or organizing people for an event. For example: The government ordered the mobilization of troops「政府は軍隊の動員を命じた」(せいふはぐんたいのどういんをめいじた). The company conducted a mobilization of employees for the project「会社はそのプロジェクトのために従業員の動員を行った」(かいしゃはそのプロジェクトのためにじゅうぎょういんのどういんをおこなった). This term can also imply a sense of urgency or large-scale coordination.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5442

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next year

Reading

Kanji

来Come 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '来年 (らいねん)' means 'next year'. It refers to the year immediately following the current one. This word is commonly used in contexts where discussing future plans, events, or projections. Example: I will study abroad next year 「来年は留学します」 (らいねんはりゅうがくします). Next year's budget has been approved 「来年の予算が承認されました」 (らいねんのよさんがしょうにんされました). '来年' is a standard term and does not have any particular nuances or variations in meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5443

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dig

Reading

Kanji

掘Dig

Explanation

The Japanese verb '掘る (ほる)' means 'to dig'. It is used to describe the action of removing earth, sand, or other materials from the ground to create a hole or uncover something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as gardening, construction, or archaeology. For example: He dug a hole in the garden「彼は庭に穴を掘った」(かれはにわにあなをほった). They are digging for treasure「彼らは宝を探して掘っている」(かれらはたからをさがしてほっている). The nuance of '掘る' implies a deliberate and often labor-intensive action, and it is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5444

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enshrine

Reading

Kanji

祭Ritual

Explanation

The Japanese verb '祭る (まつる)' means 'to enshrine' or 'to worship'. It is used to describe the act of enshrining a deity or spirit, often in a shrine or sacred place. This verb is commonly used in religious or spiritual contexts. For example: they enshrined the god in the temple「彼らはその神を寺に祭った」(かれらはそのかみをてらにまつった). The villagers worship the mountain spirit「村人たちは山の精霊を祭る」(むらびとたちはやまのせいれいをまつる). It's important to note that this verb is often used in the context of traditional Japanese religious practices.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5445

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fabrication

Reading

Kanji

作Make 話Talk

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作り話 (つくりばなし)' refers to a fabricated or made-up story, often implying that it is not true or is intentionally deceptive. It is commonly used to describe tales or narratives that are invented, either for entertainment, deception, or exaggeration. For example: He told a fabrication to avoid trouble「彼はトラブルを避けるために作り話をした」(かれはトラブルをさけるためにつくりばなしをした). Her story sounded like a fabrication「彼女の話は作り話のように聞こえた」(かのじょのはなしはつくりばなしのようにきこえた). This word carries a nuance of something being intentionally false or misleading.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5446

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Minus, Disadvantage

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'マイナス (mainasu)' primarily means 'minus' in the context of mathematics or subtraction, such as in '5 minus 3 equals 2'「5マイナス3は2」(ごまいなすさんはに). However, it can also mean 'disadvantage' or 'negative aspect' when used in a broader context, such as in 'This plan has more disadvantages than advantages'「このプランはメリットよりマイナスの方が多い」(このぷらんはめりっとよりまいなすのほうがおおい). The word is often used in both technical and everyday conversations to indicate a reduction, loss, or unfavorable condition.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

5447

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Use

Reading

Kanji

使Use 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese noun '使い道 (つかいみち)' refers to the way something is used or its purpose. It is often used to describe the practical application or utility of an object, resource, or idea. For example: I found a use for this old box「この古い箱の使い道を見つけた」(このふるいはこのつかいみちをみつけた). He explained the use of the tool「彼はその道具の使い道を説明した」(かれはそのどうぐのつかいみちをせつめいした). This word is commonly used in contexts where the focus is on finding or explaining the practical application of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5448

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Use

Reading

Kanji

用Use

Explanation

The Japanese noun '用 (よう)' primarily means 'use' or 'purpose'. It refers to the function, utility, or reason for something. It is often used in compound words or phrases to indicate the intended use or necessity of an object, task, or action. For example: This tool has a specific use「この道具には特定の用がある」(このどうぐにはとくていのようがある). I have something important to do「用がある」(ようがある). Additionally, '用' can also imply a task or errand, as in 'I have an errand to run「用事がある」(ようじがある)'. It is a versatile word commonly used in both formal and casual contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Base

Reading

Kanji

拠Basis, Based on 点Point

Explanation

The Japanese noun '拠点 (きょてん)' refers to a 'base' or a central location from which activities, operations, or movements are conducted. It is commonly used in contexts such as business, military, or organizational operations. For example: The company established a new base in Tokyo「会社は東京に新しい拠点を設立した」(かいしゃはとうきょうにあたらしいきょてんをせつりつした). The military base is located in the north「その軍事拠点は北に位置している」(そのぐんじきょてんはきたにいちしている). This word emphasizes the idea of a central or strategic location.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5450

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temple

Reading

Kanji

寺Temple 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '寺院 (じいん)' refers to a 'temple', specifically a Buddhist temple. This term is used to describe a place of worship and practice for Buddhists, often characterized by its architecture, statues, and religious activities. For example: I visited a famous temple「有名な寺院を訪れました」(ゆうめいなじいんをおとずれました). The temple is very old「その寺院はとても古いです」(そのじいんはとてもふるいです). It's important to note that '寺院' is distinct from '神社 (じんじゃ)', which refers to Shinto shrines.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5451

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ancestor

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 祖Ancestor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先祖 (せんぞ)' refers to one's ancestors or forebears. It is commonly used to describe family lineage or those who came before in a family's history. This word carries a sense of respect and is often used in contexts related to family traditions, genealogy, or cultural practices honoring ancestors. For example: I respect my ancestors「私は先祖を尊敬する」(わたしはせんぞをそんけいする). Our ancestors lived here「私たちの先祖はここに住んでいた」(わたしたちのせんぞはここにすんでいた). The term is also used in phrases like '先祖代々 (せんぞだいだい)', meaning 'for generations'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5452

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tunnel

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'トンネル (tonneru)' means 'tunnel'. This word is used to describe a passage that has been dug under the ground, through a hill, or under a body of water, allowing people or vehicles to travel through it. It is commonly used in contexts related to transportation, such as trains, cars, or even pedestrian tunnels. For example: The train is passing through the tunnel「電車がトンネルを通っています」(でんしゃがトンネルをとおっています). The tunnel is very long「そのトンネルはとても長いです」(そのトンネルはとてもながいです). The word 'トンネル' is a loanword from the English 'tunnel', and it is written in katakana to reflect its foreign origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5453

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Elsewhere

Reading

Kanji

余Excess 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '余所 (よそ)' primarily means 'elsewhere' or 'another place'. It is used to refer to a place that is not here, often implying a sense of distance or separation. This word can also carry a nuance of something being outside one's immediate concern or awareness. For example: I heard it from elsewhere「それを余所で聞きました」(それをよそでききました). He is always thinking about elsewhere「彼はいつも余所のことを考えている」(かれはいつもよそのことをかんがえている). Additionally, '余所' can sometimes imply a sense of detachment or indifference, as in '余所事 (よそごと)', meaning 'someone else's affair'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5454

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '連 (れん)' is used to denote a group or association of people, often with a shared interest, activity, or purpose. It is commonly seen in the names of clubs, organizations, or teams. For example: a group of friends「友達連」(ともだちれん). A group of musicians「音楽連」(おんがくれん). This suffix is typically attached to a noun to form a compound word that refers to a collective entity. It is important to note that '連' can also be used in other contexts, such as in the word '連続 (れんぞく)', which means 'continuation' or 'series', but in this case, we are focusing on its use as a suffix to indicate a group.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5455

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Betray

Reading

Kanji

裏Inside, Rear 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '裏切る (うらぎる)' means 'to betray'. It is used to describe the act of breaking trust or loyalty, often in a significant or hurtful way. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as personal relationships, organizations, or even ideals. For example: he betrayed his friend「彼は友達を裏切った」(かれはともだちをうらぎった). She felt betrayed by her colleague「彼女は同僚に裏切られたと感じた」(かのじょはどうりょうにうらぎられたとかんじた). The word carries a strong emotional weight and is often used in serious or dramatic situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5456

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close, Tighten

Reading

Kanji

締Tighten, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese verb '締める (しめる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to tighten', which refers to making something more secure or firm, such as a screw or a knot. For example: tighten the screw「ネジを締める」(ねじをしめる). The second meaning is 'to close', which refers to shutting something, like a door or a business. For example: close the door「ドアを締める」(ドアをしめる). This verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as closing a deal or tightening a budget. It is important to note that the context of the sentence will usually clarify which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5457

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attach, Install

Reading

Kanji

取Take 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り付ける (とりつける)' primarily means 'to install' or 'to attach'. It is used when referring to fixing or setting up something in place, such as equipment, devices, or fixtures. For example: I installed a new air conditioner「新しいエアコンを取り付けた」(あたらしいエアコンをとりつけた). They attached a sign to the wall「壁に看板を取り付けた」(かべにかんばんをとりつけた). The verb can also imply securing or fastening something firmly. Note that the nuance of '取り付ける' often involves a deliberate action to make something functional or visible in a specific location.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5458

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Useless, Unnecessary

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無用 (むよう)' can mean 'useless' or 'unnecessary'. It is used to describe something that has no practical value or is not needed. For example: this tool is useless「この道具は無用だ」(このどうぐはむようだ). It is unnecessary to worry「心配は無用です」(しんぱいはむようです). The word can also imply that something is not required or should be avoided, as in '無用な争い (むようなあらそい) (unnecessary conflict)'. Note that '無用' can carry a slightly formal tone and is often used in written or formal spoken contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5459

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consume, Spend

Reading

Kanji

費Expense

Explanation

The Japanese verb '費やす (ついやす)' primarily means 'to spend' or 'to consume', often referring to the expenditure of time, money, or resources. It can also imply using something in a way that might be considered wasteful or excessive. For example: He spent a lot of time on that project「彼はそのプロジェクトに多くの時間を費やした」(かれはそのプロジェクトにおおくのじかんをついやした). They consumed all their savings on the trip「彼らは旅行に貯金をすべて費やした」(かれらはりょこうにちょきんをすべてついやした). This verb is commonly used in contexts where the expenditure is significant or noteworthy.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5460

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discount, Bargain

Reading

Kanji

安Cheap, Relax 売Sell

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '安売り (やすうり)' refers to the act of selling goods at a reduced price, often to attract customers or clear stock. It can also imply a bargain or a deal. This term is commonly used in retail and shopping contexts. For example: The store is having a discount sale「その店は安売りをしています」(そのみせはやすうりをしています). I bought this at a bargain「これを安売りで買いました」(これをやすうりでかいました). Note that '安売り' can sometimes carry a nuance of selling something cheaply or at a loss, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5461

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trade

Reading

Kanji

売Sell 買Buy

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '売買 (ばいばい)' refers to the act of buying and selling, commonly translated as 'trade' or 'transaction'. It is used in contexts involving commercial activities, such as the exchange of goods, services, or properties. For example: The trade of goods is increasing「商品の売買が増えている」(しょうひんのばいばいがふえている). They are involved in real estate transactions「彼らは不動産の売買に関わっている」(かれらはふどうさんのばいばいにかかわっている). This term is neutral and can be applied to both legal and illegal transactions, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5462

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Closing

Reading

Kanji

閉Close, Shut 店Shop

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '閉店 (へいてん)' refers to the act of closing a store or business for the day. It is commonly used in contexts related to retail, restaurants, or any establishment that operates on a daily schedule. For example: The store is closing now「店はもう閉店です」(みせはもうへいてんです). What time does the shop close?「お店は何時に閉店しますか？」(おみせはなんじにへいてんしますか？). It can also be used to indicate permanent closure, as in 'The shop closed permanently last month'「その店は先月閉店しました」(そのみせはせんげつへいてんしました). Note that '閉店' is often paired with '開店 (かいてん)', which means 'opening'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Main store

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 店Shop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本店 (ほんてん)' refers to the 'main store' or 'headquarters' of a business. It is used to denote the primary location of a company or establishment, as opposed to its branches or subsidiaries. For example: The main store is in Tokyo「本店は東京にあります」(ほんてんはとうきょうにあります). I visited the headquarters yesterday「昨日、本店を訪れました」(きのう、ほんてんをおとずれました). This term is commonly used in business contexts to distinguish the central office or main location from other branches.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5464

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pipe

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'パイプ (paipu)' refers to a 'pipe'. This word is commonly used to describe a tube or hollow cylinder used to convey liquids, gases, or other substances. It can also refer to smoking pipes. For example: the water flows through the pipe「水がパイプを通る」(みずがパイプをとおる). He is smoking a pipe「彼はパイプを吸っている」(かれはパイプをすっている). Additionally, 'パイプ' can metaphorically describe a connection or channel, such as in business or communication contexts, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5465

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Glance, First move

Reading

Kanji

一One 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一目 (いちもく)' has two distinct meanings depending on the context. The first meaning is 'glance,' referring to a quick look or brief view of something. For example: I took a glance at the report「報告書に一目をやった」(ほうこくしょにいちもくをやった). The second meaning is 'first move,' often used in the context of games like Go or Shogi, where it refers to the first move or initial advantage. For example: He took the first move in the game「彼はゲームで一目を取った」(かれはゲームでいちもくをとった). The word can also imply a sense of importance or significance in certain contexts, such as '一目置く (いちもくおく),' which means to acknowledge someone's superiority or to show respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5466

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fox

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'キツネ' refers to a 'fox'. In Japanese culture, foxes are often associated with folklore and mythology, particularly as messengers of the Shinto deity Inari or as shapeshifters with magical abilities. The word is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: I saw a fox in the forest「森でキツネを見た」(もりでキツネをみた). In Japanese folklore, foxes are mysterious creatures「日本の民話では、キツネは不思議な生き物です」(にほんのみんわでは、キツネはふしぎないきものです). The term can also appear in idiomatic expressions or names of dishes, such as 'kitsune udon' (a type of udon noodle dish topped with fried tofu).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5467

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

区District 域Area, Limits

Explanation

The Japanese noun '区域 (くいき)' refers to a specific area or zone, often with defined boundaries. It is commonly used in contexts such as administrative districts, restricted zones, or designated areas. For example: This is a no-parking area「ここは駐車禁止区域です」(ここはちゅうしゃきんしくいきです). The evacuation area is marked on the map「避難区域は地図に記されています」(ひなんくいきはちずにしるされています). The word emphasizes the idea of a clearly demarcated space, whether physical or conceptual.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5468

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effectiveness

Reading

Kanji

効Effective 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '効力 (こうりょく)' refers to the effectiveness, efficacy, or power of something to produce a desired result. It is often used in legal, medical, or technical contexts to describe the force or validity of a rule, law, medicine, or method. For example: This medicine has lost its effectiveness「この薬は効力を失った」(このくすりはこうりょくをうしなった). The new law will take effect next month「新しい法律は来月効力を持つ」(あたらしいほうりつはらいげつこうりょくをもつ). Note that '効力' emphasizes the practical impact or result of something, rather than its theoretical potential.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5469

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Despair

Reading

Kanji

絶Break off, Extinction 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '絶望 (ぜつぼう)' means 'despair'. It refers to a state of complete loss of hope or a feeling of utter hopelessness. This word is often used in serious or dramatic contexts, such as in literature, personal struggles, or emotional situations. For example: He fell into despair「彼は絶望に陥った」(かれはぜつぼうにおちいった). The news filled her with despair「その知らせは彼女を絶望で満たした」(そのしらせはかのじょをぜつぼうでみたした). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or outcomes that seem beyond repair or improvement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5470

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daily necessities

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 用Use 品Product

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日用品 (にちようひん)' means 'daily necessities'. This word refers to everyday items that are commonly used in daily life, such as toothbrushes, soap, kitchen utensils, and other household goods. These items are essential for routine activities and are typically purchased frequently. Example: I need to buy daily necessities 「日用品を買う必要がある」 (にちようひんをかうひつようがある). This store has a wide range of daily necessities 「この店は日用品の品揃えが豊富だ」 (このみせはにちようひんのしなぞろえがほうふだ). The term is commonly used in shopping contexts and when referring to household management.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5471

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step

Reading

Kanji

段Step, Stairs

Explanation

The Japanese noun '段 (だん)' primarily means 'step' or 'stair'. It refers to a single level in a staircase or a stage in a process. This word is commonly used in contexts involving physical steps or metaphorical stages. For example: Please be careful on the steps「段に気をつけてください」(だんにきをつけてください). We are now at the final stage of the project「プロジェクトの最終段階です」(プロジェクトのさいしゅうだんかいです). Additionally, '段' can also refer to a rank or level in a hierarchy, though this usage is less common. For example: He has reached a high rank in the company「彼は会社で高い段に達しました」(かれはかいしゃでたかいだんにたっしました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5472

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Price increase

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '値上がり (ねあがり)' refers to an increase in price or a rise in cost. It is commonly used in economic, financial, or everyday contexts to describe situations where the price of goods, services, or commodities goes up. For example: The price of gasoline has increased「ガソリンの値上がりが続いている」(ガソリンのねあがりがつづいている). Due to the shortage, prices are rising「不足のため値上がりが起こっている」(ふそくのためねあがりがおこっている). This term is neutral and does not imply whether the increase is good or bad, but it often carries a connotation of concern or impact on consumers.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5473

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Price hike

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '値上げ (ねあげ)' refers to an increase in price or a price hike. It is commonly used in contexts related to economics, business, and everyday shopping. For example: The company announced a price hike「会社は値上げを発表した」(かいしゃはねあげをはっぴょうした). Due to inflation, prices have gone up「インフレのため、値上げが行われた」(インフレのため、ねあげがおこなわれた). This term is often used in news reports, business discussions, and consumer complaints about rising costs.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5474

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decrease

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '値下がり (ねさがり)' refers to a decrease or drop in value, price, or worth. It is commonly used in economic, financial, or market contexts to describe a decline in the price of goods, stocks, or other assets. For example: The price of the stock decreased「株価が値下がりした」(かぶかがねさがりした). The value of the yen decreased「円が値下がりした」(えんがねさがりした). This term is often used in news reports or discussions about market trends.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5475

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stubbornness, Disposition

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '意地 (いじ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'stubbornness', referring to a person's obstinate or unyielding nature. For example: He showed his stubbornness「彼は意地を見せた」(かれはいじをみせた). The second meaning is 'disposition', referring to a person's inherent qualities of mind and character. For example: She has a kind disposition「彼女は優しい意地を持っている」(かのじょはやさしいいじをもっている). The word can carry a slightly negative connotation when used to describe stubbornness, but it is neutral when referring to one's disposition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5476

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Green

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'グリーン (guriin)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'green'. It refers to the color green, but it is also commonly used in contexts related to nature, golf (e.g., the green on a golf course), or environmentally friendly practices. For example: the green of the trees「木々のグリーン」(きぎのグリーン). This product is environmentally friendly「この製品はグリーンです」(このせいひんはグリーンです). Note that while '緑 (みどり)' is the native Japanese word for green, 'グリーン' is often used in modern contexts, especially in branding or when referring to specific shades of green.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5477

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Concrete

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'コンクリート (konkuriito)' refers to the building material 'concrete'. It is commonly used in construction contexts to describe the hard, durable material made from cement, water, and aggregates like sand or gravel. For example: The building is made of concrete「その建物はコンクリートでできている」(そのたてものはコンクリートでできている). They poured concrete for the foundation「彼らは基礎にコンクリートを流し込んだ」(かれらはきそにコンクリートをながしこんだ). This word is a loanword from English and is written in katakana to reflect its foreign origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5478

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vinegar

Reading

Kanji

酢Vinegar

Explanation

The Japanese noun '酢 (す)' means 'vinegar'. It refers to the sour liquid made through fermentation, commonly used in cooking, seasoning, or preserving food. In Japanese cuisine, vinegar is a key ingredient in dishes like sushi rice, salads, and pickles. Example sentences: I added vinegar to the salad「サラダに酢を入れました」(サラダにすをいれました). This vinegar is very sour「この酢はとても酸っぱいです」(このすはとてもすっぱいです). Vinegar is also used in traditional Japanese remedies and cleaning due to its antibacterial properties.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5479

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cedar

Reading

Kanji

杉Cedar, Cryptomeria

Explanation

The Japanese noun '杉 (すぎ)' refers to the cedar tree, specifically the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). This tree is native to Japan and is commonly found in forests, temples, and shrines. It is known for its tall, straight trunk and aromatic wood, which is often used in construction and for making furniture. Example sentences: The cedar tree is tall「杉の木は高い」(すぎのきはたかい). The temple is surrounded by cedar trees「その寺は杉に囲まれている」(そのてらはすぎにかこまれている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5480

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Price reduction

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '値下げ (ねさげ)' refers to the act of reducing the price of something. It is commonly used in retail, business, and economic contexts to describe discounts, markdowns, or price cuts. For example: The store announced a price reduction「店が値下げを発表した」(みせがねさげをはっぴょうした). We need to reduce the price of this product「この商品の値下げが必要だ」(このしょうひんのねさげがひつようだ). The term is often used in advertisements or discussions about pricing strategies.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5481

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Physique

Reading

Kanji

体Body 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体格 (たいかく)' refers to a person's physical build or body structure. It is commonly used to describe someone's overall body size, shape, or constitution. For example: He has a strong physique「彼は体格がいい」(かれはたいかくがいい). Her physique is delicate「彼女の体格は華奢だ」(かのじょのたいかくはきゃしゃだ). This word is often used in contexts related to health, fitness, or physical appearance. It can also be used in medical or sports-related discussions to describe someone's physical condition or capabilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5482

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heat

Reading

Kanji

熱Heat, Temperature

Explanation

The Japanese verb '熱する (ねっする)' means 'to heat' or 'to make something hot'. It is used when referring to the action of applying heat to an object or substance. This verb is often used in scientific, technical, or everyday contexts. For example: heat the water「水を熱する」(みずをねっする). The metal was heated「金属が熱された」(きんぞくがねっされた). Note that '熱する' can also imply a metaphorical sense of 'getting excited' or 'being passionate', but this usage is less common and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5483

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mood, Complexion

Reading

Kanji

顔Face 色Color

Explanation

The Japanese noun '顔色 (かおいろ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a person's complexion or the color of their face, often used to describe someone's health or physical state. For example: Her complexion looks pale「彼女の顔色が青い」(かのじょのかおいろがあおい). The second meaning refers to a person's mood or emotional state, often inferred from their facial expression. For example: I could tell his mood from his expression「彼の顔色で気持ちがわかった」(かれのかおいろできもちがわかった). This word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5484

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Used, Secondhand

Reading

Kanji

中Center 古Old

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中古 (ちゅうこ)' refers to items that are used or secondhand. It is commonly used to describe products like cars, electronics, or furniture that have been previously owned. For example: I bought a used car「中古の車を買いました」(ちゅうこのくるまをかいました). This store sells secondhand books「この店は中古の本を売っています」(このみせはちゅうこのほんをうっています). The term emphasizes that the item is not new but still functional and often available at a lower price.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5485

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Return, Reinstatement

Reading

Kanji

復Restore 帰Return

Explanation

The Japanese noun '復帰 (ふっき)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'return', which refers to the act of going back to a previous state, position, or place. For example: He returned to his hometown「彼は故郷に復帰した」(かれはふるさとにふっきした). The second meaning is 'reinstatement', which refers to the restoration of a previous status, position, or condition. For example: The employee was reinstated after the investigation「その従業員は調査後に復帰した」(そのじゅうぎょういんはちょうさごにふっきした). This word is often used in contexts involving recovery, restoration, or resumption of a previous state.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compensation

Reading

Kanji

補Supplement 償Recompense, Reparation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '補償 (ほしょう)' means 'compensation'. It refers to something given to make up for a loss, damage, or inconvenience. This term is often used in legal, financial, or workplace contexts. For example: The company provided compensation for the damages「会社は損害の補償をした」(かいしゃはそんがいのほしょうをした). Compensation for the accident was paid「事故の補償が支払われた」(じこのほしょうがしはらわれた). The word can also imply reparation or restitution in broader contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5487

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Waste

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'もったい (mottai)' means 'waste' and is often used to express regret or concern over something being wasted or not utilized properly. It carries a sense of value or preciousness being lost. For example: It's a waste to throw away food「食べ物を捨てるのはもったいない」(たべものをすてるのはもったいない). It's a waste of talent「才能がもったいない」(さいのうがもったいない). The word is commonly used in the phrase 'もったいない (mottai nai)', which emphasizes the feeling of something being too good to waste.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5488

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stop, Pause

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese verb '立ち止まる (たちどまる)' means 'to stop' or 'to pause'. It is used to describe the action of stopping one's movement, often to think, observe, or reconsider. This verb is commonly used in both physical and metaphorical contexts. For example: he stopped to look at the scenery「彼は景色を見るために立ち止まった」(かれはけしきをみるためにたちどまった). She paused to think about her decision「彼女は決断について考えるために立ち止まった」(かのじょはけつだんについてかんがえるためにたちどまった). The verb emphasizes a deliberate halt, often implying a moment of reflection or hesitation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5489

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plus

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'プラス (purasu)' means 'plus' and is commonly used in contexts involving addition, positivity, or advantage. It can refer to mathematical addition, as in '2 plus 2 equals 4'「2プラス2は4です」(にプラスに は よん です). It can also describe a positive aspect or benefit, such as 'This experience is a plus for my career'「この経験は私のキャリアにプラスです」(このけいけんは わたしのキャリアに プラス です). Additionally, it is used in everyday language to indicate something beneficial or advantageous, like 'This feature is a plus'「この機能はプラスです」(このきのうは プラス です).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

5490

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Low temperature

Reading

Kanji

低Low 温Warm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '低温 (ていおん)' means 'low temperature'. It refers to a state or condition where the temperature is significantly lower than normal or average. This term is commonly used in scientific, meteorological, and everyday contexts to describe cold environments or conditions. For example: The low temperature today is 5 degrees Celsius「今日の低温は5度です」(きょうのていおんはごどです). This food should be stored at low temperature「この食品は低温で保存するべきです」(このしょくひんはていおんでほぞんするべきです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5491

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Friendship

Reading

Kanji

友Friend 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '友情 (ゆうじょう)' means 'friendship'. It refers to the close bond or relationship between friends, characterized by mutual affection, trust, and support. This word is often used in contexts emphasizing deep, enduring connections between people. For example: Their friendship is strong「彼らの友情は強い」(かれらのゆうじょうはつよい). I value our friendship「私は私たちの友情を大切にする」(わたしはわたしたちのゆうじょうをたいせつにする). The word can also appear in phrases like '友情を築く (ゆうじょうをきずく)' (to build a friendship) or '友情の証 (ゆうじょうのあかし)' (proof of friendship).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Humanity

Reading

Kanji

人Person 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人情 (にんじょう)' refers to 'humanity' or 'human kindness', often emphasizing the emotional and compassionate aspects of human nature. It is commonly used to describe the warmth, empathy, and emotional bonds between people. For example: he is a person full of humanity「彼は人情に厚い人だ」(かれはにんじょうにあついひとだ). This town is known for its humanity「この町は人情が厚いことで知られている」(このまちはにんじょうがあついことでしられている). The term is often used in contexts where human relationships and emotional connections are highlighted, such as in literature or everyday conversations about kindness and empathy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5493

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forest

Reading

Kanji

森Forest 林Grove

Explanation

The Japanese noun '森林 (しんりん)' means 'forest'. It refers to a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth. This word is often used in contexts related to nature, ecology, and geography. For example: the forest is dense「森林は密です」(しんりんはみつです). We went hiking in the forest「私たちは森林でハイキングをしました」(わたしたちはしんりんでハイキングをしました). The term can also be used in more formal or scientific contexts, such as discussing forest conservation or biodiversity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5494

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Waterfall

Reading

Kanji

滝Waterfall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '滝 (たき)' means 'waterfall'. It refers to a natural feature where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops in the course of a stream or river. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and formal contexts when discussing nature or geographical features. For example: The waterfall is beautiful「滝が美しい」(たきがうつくしい). Let's go see the waterfall「滝を見に行こう」(たきをみにいこう). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that flows or cascades, such as a 'waterfall of light'「光の滝」(ひかりのたき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5495

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bankruptcy

Reading

Kanji

破Break, Tear 産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '破産 (はさん)' means 'bankruptcy'. This term is used in legal and financial contexts to describe the state of being unable to pay outstanding debts. It can refer to both individuals and businesses. For example: he declared bankruptcy「彼は破産を宣告した」(かれははさんをせんこくした). The company went bankrupt「その会社は破産した」(そのかいしゃははさんした). In Japanese law, bankruptcy is a formal legal process that involves the liquidation of assets to pay off creditors. The term can also be used metaphorically to describe a complete failure or collapse, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5496

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Achieve, Accomplish

Reading

Kanji

遂Consummate, Accomplish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '遂げる (とげる)' means 'to achieve' or 'to accomplish'. It is used to describe the successful completion of a goal, task, or significant event. This verb often carries a sense of finality or fulfillment, and it is commonly used in formal or serious contexts. For example: He achieved his dream「彼は夢を遂げた」(かれはゆめをとげた). The project was accomplished successfully「そのプロジェクトは無事に遂げられた」(そのプロジェクトはぶじにとげられた). Note that '遂げる' is often used with abstract or significant goals, such as dreams, missions, or historical events.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5497

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lead

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'リード (りーど)' is derived from the English word 'lead' and is used in contexts such as sports, games, or situations where one is ahead or in control. It can also refer to guiding or directing someone or something. For example: Our team has a strong lead「私たちのチームはリードしている」(わたしたちのチームはりーどしている). He led the discussion「彼は議論をリードした」(かれはぎろんをりーどした). Note that this word is often used in competitive or organizational contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

5498

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reporting

Reading

Kanji

報Report, News 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '報道 (ほうどう)' means 'reporting' or 'news coverage'. It refers to the act of gathering and disseminating information, particularly through media outlets like newspapers, television, or online platforms. This term is often used in contexts related to journalism and mass communication. For example: The media is reporting on the incident「メディアはその事件を報道している」(メディアはそのじけんをほうどうしている). Accurate reporting is important「正確な報道が重要だ」(せいかくなほうどうがじゅうようだ). The word can also be used in compound terms like '報道機関 (ほうどうきかん)' (news organization) or '報道陣 (ほうどうじん)' (press corps).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5499

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Telegram

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 報Report, News

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電報 (でんぽう)' refers to a 'telegram', which is a message sent by telegraph and then delivered in written or printed form. This term is somewhat outdated in modern times due to the prevalence of digital communication, but it is still understood and occasionally used in formal or historical contexts. Example sentences: I received a telegram「電報を受け取った」(でんぽうをうけとった). Send a telegram to inform them「彼らに知らせるために電報を送る」(かれらにしらせるためにでんぽうをおくる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5500

Composition

kanji

Handwriting