Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Period

Reading

Kanji

期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '期 (き)' is used to denote a specific period, phase, or stage. It is often attached to nouns to indicate a time frame or a particular stage in a process. For example: the rainy season「梅雨期」(つゆき). The growth period「成長期」(せいちょうき). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to seasons, development, or historical periods. It is important to note that '期' is not used alone but always as a suffix attached to another noun to specify the period or phase being referred to.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Always, Without fail

Reading

Kanji

必Inevitable, Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '必ず (かならず)' conveys a sense of certainty or inevitability. It is used to express that something will definitely happen or is guaranteed to occur. This word is often used in promises, instructions, or when emphasizing the certainty of an outcome. For example: I will always help you「必ずあなたを助けます」(かならずあなたをたすけます). The train will arrive on time without fail「電車は必ず時間通りに来ます」(でんしゃはかならずじかんどおりにきます). Note that '必ず' is stronger than 'いつも (always)' and implies a guarantee rather than a general tendency.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

502

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moreover

Reading

Kanji

然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '然も (しかも)' is used to add information that emphasizes or strengthens the previous statement, similar to 'moreover', 'furthermore', or 'what's more'. It often introduces an additional point that is surprising or unexpected in relation to the preceding context. For example: He is smart, and moreover, he is kind「彼は頭がいい、しかも優しい」(かれはあたまがいい、しかもやさしい). The food was delicious, and what's more, it was cheap「その料理は美味しかった、しかも安かった」(そのりょうりはおいしかった、しかもやすかった). This conjunction is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to build on a point or highlight something noteworthy.

Part Of Speech

conjunction

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

503

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rice field

Reading

Kanji

田Rice field

Explanation

The Japanese noun '田んぼ (たんぼ)' refers to a 'rice field' or 'paddy field', which is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice. This term is commonly used in rural areas and is essential in Japanese agriculture. Example sentences: The rice field is vast「田んぼが広い」(たんぼがひろい). We planted rice in the rice field「田んぼに稲を植えた」(たんぼにいねをうえた). The term is often associated with traditional Japanese landscapes and farming practices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

504

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

About

Reading

Kanji

約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '約 (やく)' means 'about' or 'approximately'. It is commonly used to indicate an approximate quantity, time, or degree. This prefix is often attached to numbers or time expressions to convey that the value is not exact but close to it. For example: about 100 people「約100人」(やくひゃくにん). It will take about 2 hours「約2時間かかります」(やくにじかんかかります). Note that '約' is typically used in formal or written contexts, and in casual speech, alternatives like 'だいたい' or 'くらい' might be more common.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Almost

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ほぼ (hobo)' means 'almost' or 'nearly'. It is used to indicate that something is very close to being complete, accurate, or true, but not entirely. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I almost finished my homework「ほぼ宿題を終えた」(ほぼしゅくだいをおえた). The project is almost complete「プロジェクトはほぼ完了した」(プロジェクトはほぼかんりょうした). Note that 'ほぼ' can also imply a high degree of approximation, as in 'ほぼ正確 (ほぼせいかく) (almost accurate)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

506

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theory

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese noun '論 (ろん)' primarily means 'theory' or 'argument'. It refers to a systematic explanation or reasoning about a subject, often used in academic, philosophical, or logical contexts. It can also imply a discussion or debate about a topic. For example: His theory is interesting「彼の論は面白い」(かれのろんはおもしろい). We had a debate about politics「私たちは政治についての論をした」(わたしたちはせいじについてのろんをした). The word is often used in compound nouns, such as '理論 (りろん)' (theory) or '議論 (ぎろん)' (discussion/debate).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

507

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Woods

Reading

Kanji

林Grove

Explanation

The Japanese noun '林 (はやし)' refers to a small or medium-sized wooded area, often smaller than a forest. It is used to describe a grove or a cluster of trees. For example: there is a woods near my house「私の家の近くに林があります」(わたしのいえのちかくにはやしがあります). We took a walk in the woods「私たちは林の中を散歩しました」(わたしたちははやしのなかをさんぽしました). The word is distinct from '森 (もり)', which refers to a larger forest.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

508

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effect

Reading

Kanji

効Effective 果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '効果 (こうか)' means 'effect'. It refers to the result or impact of an action, event, or condition. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as medicine, science, and everyday situations, to describe the outcome or influence of something. For example: The medicine had a good effect「薬は良い効果があった」(くすりはよいこうかがあった). The sound effects in the movie were impressive「映画の音響効果は印象的だった」(えいがのおんきょうこうかはいんしょうてきだった). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the effect of a policy or strategy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

509

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Answer

Reading

Kanji

答Answer

Explanation

The Japanese verb '答える (こたえる)' means 'to answer'. It is used when responding to a question, request, or situation. This verb is commonly paired with the particle 'に' to indicate what is being answered. For example: I answered the question「質問に答えた」(しつもんにこたえた). He answered politely「彼は丁寧に答えた」(かれはていねいにこたえた). Note that '答える' can also imply a response to a challenge or expectation, such as in '期待に答える (きたいにこたえる)' (to live up to expectations).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

510

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New

Reading

Kanji

新New

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '新 (しん)' means 'new' and is commonly used to indicate something that is fresh, recent, or innovative. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words, emphasizing the novelty or updated nature of the subject. For example: new product「新製品」(しんせいひん). new employee「新入社員」(しんにゅうしゃいん). This prefix is widely used in various contexts, such as business, technology, and everyday life, to highlight something that is newly introduced or created.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

511

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Service

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'サービス (サービス)' means 'service'. It is used to refer to the act of providing assistance or help, often in a business or commercial context. It can also refer to a free or extra item given to customers as a gesture of goodwill. For example: The restaurant provided excellent service「レストランは素晴らしいサービスを提供した」(レストランはすばらしいサービスをていきょうした). They gave us a free dessert as a service「サービスでデザートを無料でくれた」(サービスでデザートをむりょうでくれた). The word is often used in phrases like 'サービス業 (サービスぎょう)' (service industry) or 'サービス料 (サービスりょう)' (service charge).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

512

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

働Work

Explanation

The Japanese verb '働く (はたらく)' means 'to work'. It is commonly used to describe the act of performing a job or labor, whether in a professional, physical, or general sense. This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as working at a company, working hard, or even functioning (e.g., a machine). For example: I work at a company「私は会社で働く」(わたしはかいしゃではたらく). The machine works well「その機械はよく働く」(そのきかいよくはたらく). Note that '働く' is often used in formal and informal settings alike, making it a fundamental verb in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

513

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

We

Reading

Kanji

私Private, Me

Explanation

The Japanese noun '私たち (わたしたち)' means 'we'. It is a first-person plural pronoun used to refer to a group that includes the speaker. This word is gender-neutral and is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: we are friends「私たちは友達です」(わたしたちはともだちです). We went to the park「私たちは公園に行きました」(わたしたちはこうえんにいきました). It is important to note that '私たち' is often used to emphasize inclusivity, as it explicitly includes the speaker in the group being referred to.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

514

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Act

Reading

Kanji

行Go 為Do, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行為 (こうい)' means 'act' or 'action'. It refers to a deed or something done by someone, often implying intention or purpose. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as legal, moral, or philosophical discussions. For example: His act was unforgivable「彼の行為は許せない」(かれのこういはゆるせない). The act of kindness saved her life「その親切な行為が彼女の命を救った」(そのしんせつなこういがかのじょのいのちをすくった). Note that '行為' is neutral in tone and can refer to both positive and negative actions, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

515

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Email

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'メール (めーる)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'mail' and specifically refers to 'email' in modern usage. It is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to refer to electronic messages sent via email or messaging services. For example: I received an email「メールを受け取りました」(めーるをうけとりました). Please send me an email「メールを送ってください」(めーるをおくってください). Note that while 'メール' can sometimes refer to text messages in casual conversation, its primary meaning is 'email'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

516

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Send

Reading

Kanji

送Send

Explanation

The Japanese verb '送る (おくる)' primarily means 'to send'. It is used when referring to sending physical items, such as letters or packages, as well as abstract things like messages or emails. For example: I will send a letter「手紙を送ります」(てがみをおくります). He sent me an email「彼は私にメールを送りました」(かれはわたしにメールをおくりました). Additionally, '送る' can also be used in the context of spending time or seeing someone off, but these uses are less common and context-dependent. For example: We spent a peaceful evening「平和な夜を送りました」(へいわなよるをおくりました). I saw my friend off at the station「友達を駅で送りました」(ともだちをえきでおくりました).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

517

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife

Reading

Kanji

家House 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家内 (かない)' is a polite and somewhat old-fashioned term used to refer to one's own wife. It is often used in formal or traditional contexts. The word literally translates to 'inside the house,' reflecting the historical context where women were primarily associated with domestic roles. However, its usage has declined in modern times, with '妻 (つま)' or '奥さん (おくさん)' being more common. Example sentences: My wife is kind「家内は優しいです」(かないはやさしいです). I will discuss this with my wife「家内と相談します」(かないとそうだんします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Begin

Reading

Kanji

始Begin

Explanation

The Japanese verb '始まる (はじまる)' means 'to begin' or 'to start'. It is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. This verb is commonly used to indicate the start of events, activities, or processes. For example: The meeting will begin soon「会議はすぐに始まります」(かいぎはすぐにはじまります). The festival starts tomorrow「祭りは明日始まります」(まつりはあしたはじまります). Note that '始まる' is often used in contrast to '始める (はじめる)', which is the transitive form of the verb and requires a direct object. For instance, '始める' would be used when someone starts something, like 'I will start the project'「プロジェクトを始めます」(ぷろじぇくとをはじめます).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

519

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Five hundred

Reading

Kanji

五Five 百Hundred

Explanation

The Japanese noun '五百 (ごひゃく)' means 'five hundred'. It is a specific number used to denote the quantity of 500. This term is often used in contexts involving counting, measurements, or quantities. For example: there are five hundred yen in this wallet「この財布には五百円があります」(このさいふにはごひゃくえんがあります). The library has five hundred books「図書館には五百冊の本があります」(としょかんにはごひゃくさつのほんがあります). It's important to note that '五百' is typically used in formal or written contexts, while in casual conversation, people might simply say '500' or use the more colloquial term '五百 (ごひゃく)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

520

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nation

Reading

Kanji

国Country 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国家 (こっか)' refers to a 'nation' or 'state', encompassing the idea of a country as a political and geographical entity. It is often used in formal contexts to discuss matters related to national governance, sovereignty, or international relations. For example: The nation's security is important「国家の安全は重要です」(こっかのあんぜんはじゅうようです). The prosperity of the nation depends on its citizens「国家の繁栄は国民にかかっている」(こっかのはんえいはこくみんにかかっている). This term is commonly used in political, legal, and academic discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

521

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Responsibility

Reading

Kanji

責Blame, Liability 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese noun '責任 (せきにん)' means 'responsibility'. It refers to the state or fact of being accountable for something, often involving duties or obligations. This word is commonly used in both personal and professional contexts. For example: He took responsibility for the mistake「彼はそのミスの責任を取った」(かれはそのミスのせきにんをとった). It is your responsibility to finish the task「その仕事を終わらせるのはあなたの責任です」(そのしごとをおわらせるのはあなたのせきにんです). The word can also imply moral or legal accountability, as in 'criminal responsibility' (刑事責任, けいじせきにん).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Like

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '気に入る (きにいる)' means 'to like' or 'to be fond of'. It is used to express that someone finds something pleasing or to their taste. This phrase is often used when talking about preferences for objects, places, or even people. For example: I really like this bag「このバッグがとても気に入る」(このバッグがとてもきにいる). She likes the new cafe「彼女は新しいカフェを気に入る」(かのじょはあたらしいカフェをきにいる). Note that '気に入る' is often used in its past tense form '気に入った (きにいった)' to indicate that something has been liked or found pleasing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

523

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

System, Type

Reading

Kanji

系Lineage

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '系 (けい)' can mean 'system' or 'type', depending on the context. When used to mean 'system', it refers to a group of interconnected elements or a structured method. For example: the solar system「太陽系」(たいようけい). When used to mean 'type', it categorizes things based on shared characteristics. For example: blood type「血液型」(けつえきがた) is sometimes referred to as '血液系' in informal contexts. This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words, and its meaning can vary slightly depending on the word it is attached to.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

524

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self

Reading

Kanji

自Self 己Oneself

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自己 (じこ)' means 'self'. It refers to one's own identity, personality, or being. This term is often used in contexts related to psychology, philosophy, or self-reflection. For example: self-introduction「自己紹介」(じこしょうかい). He is reflecting on himself「彼は自己を反省している」(かれはじこをはんせいしている). The term can also be used in compound words to express concepts related to the self, such as 'self-control' (自己制御, じこせいぎょ) or 'self-esteem' (自己評価, じこひょうか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

525

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thing, Guy

Reading

Kanji

奴Servant, Dude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奴 (やつ)' is a colloquial term that can refer to a person or a thing, often with a slightly derogatory or informal tone. When referring to a person, it translates to 'guy' or 'fellow', and when referring to an object, it translates to 'thing'. It is commonly used in casual conversations and can carry a sense of familiarity or disdain depending on the context. For example: That guy is annoying「あの奴はうるさい」(あのやつはうるさい). What is that thing?「あの奴は何？」(あのやつはなに？). Note that while it can be used neutrally, it often implies a lack of respect or seriousness, so it should be used carefully in formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Army

Reading

Kanji

軍Army

Explanation

The Japanese noun '軍 (ぐん)' refers to an 'army' or 'military force'. It is commonly used to describe organized groups of soldiers or armed forces, often in the context of warfare or national defense. This term can also be used metaphorically to describe large groups or forces in non-military contexts. For example: The army is strong「その軍は強い」(そのぐんはつよい). He joined the army「彼は軍に入った」(かれはぐんにはいった). In historical or literary contexts, it may also refer to specific military units or factions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

527

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contain, Include

Reading

Kanji

含Contain, Include

Explanation

The Japanese verb '含む (ふくむ)' primarily means 'to include' or 'to contain'. It is used to indicate that something is part of a larger whole or that something holds something else within it. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as in discussions about ingredients, components, or abstract concepts. For example: This drink contains alcohol「この飲み物はアルコールを含む」(こののみものはアルコールをふくむ). The price includes tax「その価格は税を含む」(そのかかくはぜいをふくむ). It can also be used metaphorically, as in 'Her words contained a hidden meaning'「彼女の言葉には隠された意味が含まれていた」(かのじょのことばにはかくされたいみがふくまれていた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

528

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clear, Sunny

Reading

Kanji

晴Clear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '晴れ (はれ)' primarily refers to clear or sunny weather. It is used to describe a state of the sky when there are no clouds, and the sun is shining brightly. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe a person's mood or a situation that is bright and cheerful. For example: Today is clear「今日は晴れです」(きょうははれです). The weather forecast says it will be sunny tomorrow「天気予報では明日は晴れだそうです」(てんきよほうではあしたははれだそうです). It's important to note that '晴れ' is often used in weather forecasts and everyday conversations about the weather.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

529

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clear

Reading

Kanji

明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '明らか (あきらか)' means 'clear' or 'obvious'. It is used to describe something that is evident, apparent, or easily understood. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize clarity or certainty. For example: The truth is clear「真実は明らかだ」(しんじつはあきらかだ). It is obvious that he is lying「彼が嘘をついているのは明らかだ」(かれがうそをついているのはあきらかだ). The results are clear「結果は明らかだ」(けっかはあきらかだ). Note that '明らか' is often followed by the copula 'だ' or 'です' to form a complete statement.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

530

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Happen

Reading

Kanji

起Wake up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '起こる (おこる)' means 'to happen' or 'to occur'. It is used to describe events or incidents that take place, often unexpectedly or naturally. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: An accident happened「事故が起こった」(じこがおこった). A big earthquake occurred「大きな地震が起こった」(おおきなじしんがおこった). The verb '起こる' is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object. It is often used with natural phenomena, accidents, or significant events. Note that '起こる' is different from '起きる (おきる)', which can mean 'to wake up' or 'to occur' but is more commonly used for waking up.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

531

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sea

Reading

Kanji

海Sea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '海 (うみ)' means 'sea'. It refers to the large body of salt water that covers most of the Earth's surface. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and literature to describe the ocean or a specific sea. For example: I went to the sea「海に行きました」(うみにいきました). The sea is beautiful today「今日の海はきれいです」(きょうのうみはきれいです). It can also be used in compound words, such as '海辺 (うみべ)' meaning 'seaside' or 'beach'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

532

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Involve

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese verb '関わる (かかわる)' means 'to be involved in' or 'to relate to'. It is used to describe a connection, involvement, or relevance to a particular matter, situation, or person. This verb often implies a significant or meaningful connection rather than a superficial one. For example: This decision involves everyone「この決定は全員に関わる」(このけっていはぜんいんにかかわる). His work is related to environmental issues「彼の仕事は環境問題に関わる」(かれのしごとはかんきょうもんだいにかかわる). The verb can also be used in negative contexts, such as 'I don't want to be involved in this matter'「この件には関わりたくない」(このけんにはかかわりたくない).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

533

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forget

Reading

Kanji

忘Forget

Explanation

The Japanese verb '忘れる (わすれる)' means 'to forget'. It is used when someone fails to remember something, whether it be information, an event, or an object. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as forgetting a task, a person, or even one's own belongings. For example: I forgot my wallet「財布を忘れました」(さいふをわすれました). Don't forget to call me「電話するのを忘れないで」(でんわするのをわすれないで). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as forgetting a feeling or a past experience. It is important to note that '忘れる' is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the object that is forgotten.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

534

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Three hundred

Reading

Kanji

三Three 百Hundred

Explanation

The Japanese noun '三百 (さんびゃく)' means 'three hundred'. It is a numerical term used to denote the quantity or number 300. This word is often used in contexts involving counting, measurements, or quantities. For example: there are three hundred people「三百人がいます」(さんびゃくにんがいます). The price is three hundred yen「値段は三百円です」(ねだんはさんびゃくえんです). Note that '三百' is a specific number and is not used metaphorically or abstractly.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

535

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year before last

Reading

Kanji

一One 昨Yesterday, Previous 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一昨年 (おととし)' refers to 'the year before last'. It is used to indicate the year that is two years prior to the current year. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts when referring to events or occurrences that happened two years ago. For example: I visited Japan the year before last「一昨年、日本を訪れました」(おととし、にほんをおとずれました). The year before last was very cold「一昨年はとても寒かった」(おととしはとてもさむかった). It's important to note that '一昨年' is a specific term and should not be confused with '去年 (きょねん)', which means 'last year'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

536

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Day before yesterday

Reading

Kanji

一One 昨Yesterday, Previous 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一昨日 (おととい)' refers to 'the day before yesterday'. It is used to specify a day two days prior to the current day. This word is commonly used in daily conversations to refer to past events. For example: I met him the day before yesterday「一昨日彼に会った」(おとといかれにあった). The day before yesterday was rainy「一昨日は雨だった」(おとといはあめだった). Note that this word is a single noun and does not require additional particles when used in a sentence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

537

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Product

Reading

Kanji

商Trade, Deal 品Product

Explanation

The Japanese noun '商品 (しょうひん)' refers to a 'product' or 'goods' that are manufactured or produced for sale. It is commonly used in contexts related to commerce, retail, and business. For example: This store sells high-quality products「この店は高品質の商品を売っています」(このみせはこうひんしつのしょうひんをうっています). The new product will be released next month「新しい商品は来月発売されます」(あたらしいしょうひんはらいげつはつばいされます). The term can also refer to items available for purchase in a store or online, emphasizing their commercial value.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

538

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dislike

Reading

Kanji

嫌Dislike

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '嫌 (いや)' means 'dislike' or 'unpleasant'. It is used to express a negative feeling towards something or someone, indicating that the subject is undesirable or disagreeable. This word can be used in various contexts, such as expressing personal preferences, discomfort, or refusal. For example: I dislike that person「あの人が嫌です」(あのひとがいやです). This food is unpleasant「この食べ物は嫌です」(このたべものはいやです). It can also be used to politely refuse an offer or request, as in 'No, thank you'「いや、結構です」(いや、けっこうです). Note that '嫌' can sometimes carry a stronger connotation of aversion or repulsion depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

539

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese verb '済む (すむ)' primarily means 'to end' or 'to be finished'. It is used to indicate the completion of an action, task, or event. This verb can also imply that something has been resolved or taken care of, often with a sense of relief or finality. For example: The meeting ended「会議が済んだ」(かいぎがすんだ). I finished my homework「宿題が済んだ」(しゅくだいがすんだ). Additionally, '済む' can be used in expressions like '済まない (すまない)', which conveys a sense of apology or regret, meaning 'I'm sorry' or 'I owe you one'. For example: I'm sorry for the trouble「ご迷惑をおかけして済みません」(ごめいわくをおかけしてすみません).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

540

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Laugh

Reading

Kanji

笑Laugh

Explanation

The Japanese verb '笑う (わらう)' means 'to laugh'. It is used to describe the action of laughing, whether it's due to humor, joy, or even nervousness. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be conjugated to fit various tenses and forms. For example: he laughed「彼は笑った」(かれはわらった). She always laughs at my jokes「彼女はいつも私の冗談に笑う」(かのじょはいつもわたしのじょうだんにわらう). The verb can also be used in a figurative sense to describe something that is amusing or laughable, as in 'that idea is laughable'「その考えは笑える」(そのかんがえはわらえる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

541

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Husband

Reading

Kanji

夫Man, Husband

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夫 (おっと)' means 'husband'. It is used to refer to a married man in relation to his spouse. This term is neutral and commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: my husband is kind「私の夫は優しい」(わたしのおっとはやさしい). Her husband works at a bank「彼女の夫は銀行で働いています」(かのじょのおっとはぎんこうではたらいています). Note that '夫' is more formal than other terms like '主人 (しゅじん)' or '旦那 (だんな)', which can also mean 'husband' but carry different nuances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Do

Reading

Kanji

為Do, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '為さる (なさる)' is a highly respectful and honorific form of the verb 'する (to do)'. It is used to show deep respect towards the person performing the action, often when referring to someone of higher status or authority. This verb is commonly used in formal or polite contexts. For example: What will the teacher do?「先生は何をなさいますか？」(せんせいはなにをなさいますか？). Please do as you like「どうぞご自由になさってください」(どうぞごじゆうになさってください). Note that '為さる' is often used in combination with honorific prefixes like 'ご' or 'お' to further elevate the politeness level, as in 'ご覧になる (ごらんになる)' or 'お召しになる (おめしになる)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

543

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ceremony, Formula

Reading

Kanji

式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese noun '式 (しき)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'ceremony', referring to formal events such as weddings, funerals, or other rituals. For example: The wedding ceremony was beautiful「結婚式は美しかった」(けっこんしきはうつくしかった). The second meaning is 'formula', often used in mathematical, scientific, or technical contexts. For example: This formula is difficult to understand「この式は理解しにくい」(このしきはりかいしにくい). The word '式' is versatile and its meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese verb '変える (かえる)' means 'to change'. This verb is used to indicate the action of altering or transforming something. It can be applied to a wide range of contexts, such as changing plans, changing one's appearance, or changing the state of an object. For example: I will change my plans「予定を変えます」(よていをかえます). She changed her hairstyle「彼女は髪型を変えた」(かのじょはかみがたをかえた). It's important to note that '変える' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being changed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

545

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flower

Reading

Kanji

花Flower

Explanation

The Japanese noun '花 (はな)' means 'flower'. It refers to the bloom or blossom of a plant, often associated with beauty, nature, and seasons. This word is commonly used in contexts related to gardens, festivals, or metaphors for life and transience. For example: The cherry blossoms are beautiful「桜の花がきれいです」(さくらのはながきれいです). I bought flowers for my mother「母に花を買いました」(ははにはなをかいました). '花' is also used in idiomatic expressions and compound words, such as '花見 (はなみ)' (flower viewing) or '花火 (はなび)' (fireworks).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

546

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Simultaneous

Reading

Kanji

同Same 時Time, Hour

Explanation

The Japanese noun '同時 (どうじ)' means 'simultaneous' or 'at the same time'. It is used to describe events or actions that occur concurrently. This word is often used in contexts where timing or synchronization is important, such as in technology, events, or daily activities. For example: The two events happened simultaneously「二つのイベントが同時に起こった」(ふたつのイベントがどうじにおこった). We started running at the same time「私たちは同時に走り始めた」(わたしたちはどうじにはしりはじめた). The word can also be used in phrases like '同時通訳 (どうじつうやく)' which means 'simultaneous interpretation'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

547

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year

Reading

Kanji

年Year 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年間 (ねんかん)' refers to a period of one year or an annual basis. It is commonly used to describe events, statistics, or activities that occur over the course of a year. For example: annual sales「年間売上」(ねんかんうりあげ). This word can also be used to specify a particular year, such as in 'last year'「昨年間」(さくねんかん). It is important to note that '年間' is often used in contexts involving time frames, schedules, or reports that span a full year.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

548

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pull, Catch

Reading

Kanji

引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引く (ひく)' has multiple meanings depending on the context. The primary meaning is 'to pull,' which refers to the action of drawing something towards oneself or in a particular direction. For example: He pulled the door open「彼はドアを引いて開けた」(かれはドアをひいてあけた). Another common meaning is 'to catch' (as in catching a cold or illness). For example: I caught a cold「風邪を引いた」(かぜをひいた). The verb can also be used in various idiomatic expressions, such as 'to subtract' (引き算, ひきざん) or 'to consult a dictionary' (辞書を引く, じしょをひく). The specific meaning is often determined by the context in which the verb is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

549

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recently

Reading

Kanji

間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'この間 (このあいだ)' refers to a recent but unspecified time in the past, often translated as 'recently' or 'the other day'. It is used to talk about events or situations that happened not long ago, but without specifying the exact date or time. For example: I met him recently「この間彼に会った」(このあいだかれにあった). We went to that restaurant recently「この間あのレストランに行った」(このあいだあのレストランにいった). This word is commonly used in casual conversations and implies a sense of closeness in time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

550

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Target, Subject

Reading

Kanji

対Against 象Elephant, Phenomenon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '対象 (たいしょう)' can mean 'target' or 'subject', depending on the context. When used as 'target', it refers to something or someone that is the focus of an action, such as in marketing or research. For example: the target of this campaign is young people「このキャンペーンの対象は若者です」(このキャンペーンのたいしょうはわかものです). When used as 'subject', it refers to the main topic or theme of discussion or study. For example: the subject of today's lecture is Japanese history「今日の講義の対象は日本の歴史です」(きょうのこうぎのたいしょうはにほんのれきしです). The word is versatile and can be used in various fields, including business, education, and research.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

551

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

辺Boundary, Vicinity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '辺り (あたり)' refers to a general area or vicinity. It is often used to describe the surrounding area of a specific location. This word can be used in various contexts, such as indicating the area around a place, or the general vicinity of an event. For example: The area around the station is lively「駅の辺りは賑やかです」(えきのあたりはにぎやかです). I think I left my bag somewhere around here「カバンをこの辺りに置いたと思います」(かばんをこのあたりにおいたとおもいます). Note that '辺り' can also imply a sense of approximation or vagueness when referring to a location.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

552

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many

Reading

Kanji

沢Marsh, Swamp 山Mountain

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '沢山 (たくさん)' means 'many' or 'a lot'. It is used to indicate a large quantity of something, whether it be objects, people, or abstract concepts. It can be used in both positive and neutral contexts. For example: There are many books「本が沢山ある」(ほんがたくさんある). I ate a lot「沢山食べた」(たくさんたべた). Note that '沢山' is often used in casual conversation and can also imply 'enough' or 'plenty' in certain contexts, such as 'That's enough, thank you'「もう沢山です、ありがとう」(もうたくさんです、ありがとう).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ship

Reading

Kanji

船Ship

Explanation

The Japanese noun '船 (ふね)' means 'ship' or 'boat'. It refers to a watercraft used for transportation on water, ranging from small boats to large ships. This word is commonly used in contexts involving travel, fishing, or maritime activities. For example: The ship is big「船は大きい」(ふねはおおきい). I boarded the ship「船に乗った」(ふねにのった). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that carries or transports, such as a 'ship of dreams'「夢の船」(ゆめのふね).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Height

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive

Explanation

The Japanese noun '高さ (たかさ)' refers to the measurement of how tall or high something is. It is commonly used to describe the vertical extent of objects, structures, or natural features. For example: the height of the mountain「山の高さ」(やまのたかさ). The height of the building is impressive「その建物の高さは印象的です」(そのたてもののたかさはいんしょうてきです). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the level or degree of something, such as 'the height of success'「成功の高さ」(せいこうのたかさ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

555

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Male

Reading

Kanji

男Man 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '男性 (だんせい)' means 'male'. It refers to the male gender and is commonly used to describe adult men. This term is neutral and can be used in formal and informal contexts. For example: He is a male teacher「彼は男性の先生です」(かれはだんせいのせんせいです). The male population is increasing「男性の人口が増えています」(だんせいのじんこうがふえています). It is often used in contrast to '女性 (じょせい)', which means 'female'. The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '男性用 (だんせいよう)', meaning 'for men'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

556

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sell

Reading

Kanji

売Sell

Explanation

The Japanese verb '売る (うる)' means 'to sell'. It is used when referring to the act of exchanging goods or services for money. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as selling items in a store, selling a car, or even selling an idea. For example: I will sell this book「この本を売ります」(このほんをうります). He sells vegetables at the market「彼は市場で野菜を売る」(かれはいちばでやさいをうる). The verb can also be used in its negative form to indicate not selling something, as in '売らない (うらない) (not sell)'. Additionally, it can be combined with other verbs to form compound verbs, such as '売り切れる (うりきれる) (to sell out)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

557

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Progress

Reading

Kanji

進Advance

Explanation

The Japanese verb '進む (すすむ)' primarily means 'to advance' or 'to progress'. It is used to describe forward movement, whether physical, such as moving ahead in space, or metaphorical, such as making progress in a project or situation. For example: The car advanced slowly「車はゆっくり進んだ」(くるまはゆっくりすすんだ). The project is progressing well「プロジェクトは順調に進んでいる」(プロジェクトはじゅんちょうにすすんでいる). Additionally, '進む' can also imply moving forward in time or making a decision, as in: Time advances quickly「時間は早く進む」(じかんははやくすすむ). He decided to proceed with the plan「彼はその計画を進めることにした」(かれはそのけいかくをすすめることにした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

558

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cross

Reading

Kanji

渡Cross, Transit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '渡る (わたる)' means 'to cross'. It is used when referring to physically crossing something, such as a street, river, or bridge. It can also be used metaphorically to describe crossing over into a different state or condition. For example: I crossed the street「道を渡った」(みちをわたった). The bird crossed the river「鳥は川を渡った」(とりはかわをわたった). In a metaphorical sense, it can be used as in 'to cross over to the other side'「向こう側に渡る」(むこうがわにわたる). The verb is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the thing being crossed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

559

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Choose

Reading

Kanji

選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verb '選ぶ (えらぶ)' means 'to choose'. It is used when selecting or picking something from a set of options. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as choosing items, people, or decisions. For example: I chose the red one「赤いのを選びました」(あかいのをえらびました). She chose her career path carefully「彼女はキャリアパスを慎重に選びました」(かのじょはキャリアパスをしんちょうにえらびました). The verb can also imply a thoughtful or deliberate selection process, often carrying a nuance of careful consideration.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

560

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Value

Reading

Kanji

価Price 値Value, Price

Explanation

The Japanese noun '価値 (かち)' means 'value'. It refers to the worth, importance, or usefulness of something, whether tangible or intangible. This word is often used in contexts discussing economic value, moral value, or the significance of an object, idea, or action. For example: This painting has great value「この絵は大きな価値がある」(このえはおおきなかちがある). The value of hard work is immeasurable「努力の価値は計り知れない」(どりょくのかちははかりしれない). It can also be used in phrases like '価値観 (かちかん)' meaning 'values' or 'sense of values'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

561

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thought

Reading

Kanji

思Think

Explanation

The Japanese noun '思い (おもい)' primarily means 'thought' or 'feeling'. It refers to the mental process of thinking, as well as the emotions or sentiments that arise from those thoughts. This word is often used to express deep or heartfelt emotions, such as love, longing, or concern. For example: I have strong feelings for you「あなたへの思いが強い」(あなたへのおもいがつよい). My thoughts are with you「あなたへの思いを寄せています」(あなたへのおもいをよせています). It can also be used in a more general sense to describe thoughts or ideas, as in 'I have a thought「思いがある」(おもいがある)'. The word '思い' is versatile and can be used in various contexts to convey both cognitive and emotional aspects of the human experience.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

562

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficult, Serious

Reading

Kanji

大Big 変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '大変 (たいへん)' can mean 'difficult' or 'serious', depending on the context. When used to describe a situation or task, it conveys that something is challenging or troublesome. For example: This work is difficult「この仕事は大変だ」(このしごとはたいへんだ). When used to describe a situation or event, it can mean 'serious' or 'grave'. For example: This is a serious problem「これは大変な問題だ」(これはたいへんなもんだいだ). Additionally, '大変' can also be used as an adverb to mean 'very' or 'greatly', but this usage is separate from its adjectival noun form. For example: I am very tired「私は大変疲れた」(わたしはたいへんつかれた).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Day after tomorrow

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 後After, Behind 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '明後日 (あさって)' refers to 'the day after tomorrow'. It is used to specify a point in time two days after the current day. This word is commonly used in daily conversations and planning. For example: I will visit you the day after tomorrow「明後日、あなたを訪ねます」(あさって、あなたをたずねます). The meeting is scheduled for the day after tomorrow「会議は明後日に予定されています」(かいぎはあさってによていされています). Note that '明後日' is a specific temporal term and should not be confused with '明日 (あした)', which means 'tomorrow'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

564

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quantity

Reading

Kanji

量Measure, Quantity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '量 (りょう)' refers to 'quantity' or 'amount'. It is used to describe the volume, size, or extent of something, often in a measurable or observable way. This word is commonly used in contexts involving measurement, such as food, liquids, or abstract concepts like effort or time. For example: the quantity of water is large「水の量は多い」(みずのりょうはおおい). The amount of work is overwhelming「仕事の量がすごい」(しごとのりょうがすごい). It can also be used in compound words like '重量 (じゅうりょう)' (weight) or '熱量 (ねつりょう)' (heat quantity).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Small

Reading

Kanji

小Small

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '小さな (ちいさな)' is used to describe something as 'small'. It is similar in meaning to the adjective '小さい (ちいさい)', but '小さな' is specifically used before nouns to modify them directly, often carrying a slightly more poetic or emotional nuance. For example: a small bird「小さな鳥」(ちいさなとり). a small dream「小さな夢」(ちいさなゆめ). Unlike '小さい', which can stand alone as a predicate, '小さな' must always be followed by a noun. This determiner is often used in literature or storytelling to evoke a sense of intimacy or delicacy.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

566

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

TV

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'テレビ (てれび)' means 'TV' or 'television'. It refers to the electronic device used for watching broadcast programs, shows, or movies. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is a loanword from English. Example sentences: I watch TV every day「毎日テレビを見ます」(まいにちてれびをみます). The TV is broken「テレビが壊れている」(てれびがこわれている). It can also refer to the content being broadcast, as in 'What's on TV?'「テレビで何やってる？」(てれびでなにやってる？).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

567

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

As it is

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'そのまま (そのまま)' means 'as it is' or 'just as it is'. It is used to indicate that something is left unchanged, unaltered, or in the same state as before. This adverb can be used in various contexts, such as leaving things untouched, maintaining the status quo, or continuing an action without modification. For example: Leave it as it is 「そのままにしておいて」 (そのままにしておいて). He went to bed without changing his clothes 「彼はそのまま服を着たまま寝た」 (かれはそのままふくをきたままねた). It can also be used to express continuation, as in 'そのまま続けてください' (そのままつづけてください) (Please continue as it is). Note that 'そのまま' often carries a notion of preservation or lack of interference.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

568

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Half month

Reading

Kanji

半Half 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半月 (はんつき)' refers to a period of half a month, typically around 15 days. It is often used to describe a specific time frame or duration. For example: I will be on vacation for half a month「半月休みます」(はんつきやすみます). The project will take half a month to complete「そのプロジェクトは半月かかります」(そのプロジェクトははんつきかかります). This term is commonly used in scheduling, planning, and discussing time-related matters.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Run

Reading

Kanji

走Run

Explanation

The Japanese verb '走る (はしる)' means 'to run'. It is used to describe the action of moving quickly on foot, typically faster than walking. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as running in a race, running away from something, or even metaphorically, like a river running through a valley. For example: I run every morning「私は毎朝走る」(わたしはまいあさはしる). The river runs through the valley「川が谷間を走る」(かわがたにまをはしる). It's important to note that '走る' can also be used in compound verbs, such as '駆け走る (かけはしる)' which means 'to dash' or 'to sprint'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

570

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Half day

Reading

Kanji

半Half 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半日 (はんにち)' means 'half a day'. It refers to a period of time that is approximately 12 hours, typically used to describe the duration of an activity or event. For example: I took a half-day off from work「仕事を半日休みました」(しごとをはんにちやすみました). The tour lasts for half a day「ツアーは半日かかります」(ツアーははんにちかかります). This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate a shorter duration compared to a full day.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

571

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife

Reading

Kanji

妻Wife

Explanation

The Japanese noun '妻 (つま)' means 'wife'. It refers to a married woman in relation to her spouse. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: my wife is kind「私の妻は優しい」(わたしのつまはやさしい). He introduced his wife「彼は妻を紹介した」(かれはつまをしょうかいした). The word '妻' is neutral and does not carry any particular nuance, making it suitable for various situations. It is important to note that '妻' specifically refers to a wife and not to a girlfriend or fiancée.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

572

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every morning

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 朝Morning

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎朝 (まいあさ)' means 'every morning'. It is used to describe something that happens or is done each morning without exception. This word is often used in daily conversations to talk about routines or habits. For example: I drink coffee every morning「毎朝コーヒーを飲みます」(まいあさコーヒーをのみます). She goes jogging every morning「彼女は毎朝ジョギングをします」(かのじょはまいあさジョギングをします). The word '毎朝' is a combination of '毎' (every) and '朝' (morning), and it is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

573

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Before, Previously

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以前 (いぜん)' refers to a time or period before a specific point in the past. It is often used to indicate something that happened prior to a certain event or time. For example: I lived in Tokyo before「以前、東京に住んでいました」(いぜん、とうきょうにすんでいました). This situation was different previously「以前はこの状況は違いました」(いぜんはこのじょうきょうはちがいました). The word can also be used to compare past and present states, emphasizing a change over time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bank

Reading

Kanji

銀Silver 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '銀行 (ぎんこう)' refers to a financial institution where people deposit, withdraw, or borrow money. It is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing financial matters. For example: I went to the bank「銀行に行きました」(ぎんこうにいきました). The bank is closed today「銀行は今日休みです」(ぎんこうはきょうやすみです). This word is essential for discussing banking services, such as opening an account or applying for a loan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

575

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

My

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '我が (わが)' is an archaic or formal way to say 'my' or 'our'. It is often used in literary, formal, or poetic contexts to convey a sense of pride, possession, or belonging. For example: my country「我が国」(わがくに). our school「我が校」(わがこう). It is less commonly used in everyday conversation, where '私の (わたしの)' or '私たちの (わたしたちの)' are more typical. Note that '我が' is often followed by a noun, as in '我が家 (わがいえ) (my home)'.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

576

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appear

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese verb '現われる (あらわれる)' means 'to appear' or 'to emerge'. It is used to describe something or someone becoming visible or coming into existence. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physical appearance, the emergence of phenomena, or the manifestation of abstract concepts. For example: The sun appeared from behind the clouds「太陽が雲の後ろから現われた」(たいようがくものうしろからあらわれた). A new problem has emerged「新しい問題が現われた」(あたらしいもんだいがあらわれた). The verb is often used in situations where something becomes noticeable or comes into view after not being seen or known before.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

577

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lunch break

Reading

Kanji

昼Daytime, Noon 休Rest

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昼休み (ひるやすみ)' refers to a 'lunch break' or 'midday break'. It is commonly used to describe the break time during the day, typically around noon, when people take a pause from work or school to eat lunch and rest. This term is widely used in both professional and educational settings. For example: I will go to the park during lunch break「昼休みに公園に行きます」(ひるやすみにこうえんにいきます). Let's meet at the cafeteria during the lunch break「昼休みにカフェテリアで会いましょう」(ひるやすみにカフェテリアであいましょう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

578

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Before noon

Reading

Kanji

昼Daytime, Noon 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昼前 (ひるまえ)' refers to the time period before noon, typically indicating late morning. It is used to describe a specific time frame in the day, often in contexts where timing is important. For example: I will arrive before noon「昼前に到着します」(ひるまえにとうちゃくします). Let's meet before noon「昼前に会いましょう」(ひるまえにあいましょう). This term is useful for scheduling and planning activities that need to occur in the late morning hours.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

579

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Live

Reading

Kanji

住Live

Explanation

The Japanese verb '住む (すむ)' means 'to live' or 'to reside'. It is used to describe where someone lives or resides, whether it's a city, country, or specific type of dwelling. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about one's place of residence. For example: I live in Tokyo「私は東京に住んでいます」(わたしはとうきょうにすんでいます). They live in a big house「彼らは大きな家に住んでいる」(かれらはおおきないえにすんでいる). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as 'living in peace'「平和に住む」(へいわにすむ). Note that this verb is often paired with location particles like に (ni) to indicate the place of residence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

580

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every night

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 晩Evening, Nightfall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎晩 (まいばん)' means 'every night'. It is used to indicate that something happens or is done each night without exception. This word is often used in daily conversations to describe routines or habitual actions. For example: I read a book every night「毎晩本を読みます」(まいばんほんをよみます). She calls me every night「彼女は毎晩電話をくれます」(かのじょはまいばんでんわをくれます). The word '毎晩' is a combination of '毎' (every) and '晩' (night), and it is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Character, Letter

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 字Character

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文字 (もじ)' refers to a 'letter' or 'character' in a writing system. It can denote individual letters of the alphabet, kanji, hiragana, katakana, or any other written symbols used in language. This word is often used in contexts discussing writing, reading, or language learning. For example: I can read Japanese characters「私は日本語の文字が読めます」(わたしはにほんごのもじがよめます). This book has many difficult characters「この本は難しい文字が多い」(このほんはむずかしいもじがおおい). The word '文字' is essential when talking about written language and is commonly used in educational settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

582

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Easy

Reading

Kanji

簡Simplicity 単Simple, Single

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '簡単 (かんたん)' means 'easy'. It is used to describe tasks, problems, or situations that are not difficult to understand or accomplish. This word is often used in casual and formal contexts alike. For example: This problem is easy「この問題は簡単です」(このもんだいはかんたんです). Cooking rice is easy「ご飯を炊くのは簡単です」(ごはんをたくのはかんたんです). Note that '簡単' can also imply simplicity or straightforwardness, as in '簡単な説明 (かんたんなせつめい) (simple explanation)'. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and is a versatile term for describing ease or simplicity.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

583

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tree

Reading

Kanji

木Tree, Wood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '木 (き)' means 'tree'. This word is used to refer to a tree as a plant, or to wood as a material. It can be used in various contexts, such as describing nature, furniture, or construction. For example: There is a big tree in the park「公園に大きな木がある」(こうえんにおおきなきがある). This table is made of wood「このテーブルは木でできている」(このテーブルはきでできている). The word '木' can also be part of compound words, such as '木曜日 (もくようび)' (Thursday) or '木工 (もっこう)' (woodworking).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

584

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interior

Reading

Kanji

奥Core, Heart

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奥 (おく)' refers to the 'interior' or 'inner part' of something, often implying depth or a hidden area. It is commonly used to describe the back or deeper parts of a space, such as a room, house, or even a forest. For example: the interior of the house「家の奥」(いえのおく). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something profound or not easily understood, such as the depths of one's heart. For example: the depths of her heart「彼女の心の奥」(かのじょのこころのおく). This word carries a nuance of something being concealed or not immediately visible.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

585

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reality

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '現実 (げんじつ)' means 'reality'. It refers to the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them. This word is often used in philosophical discussions, everyday conversations, and literature to contrast with concepts like dreams, illusions, or expectations. For example: He faced reality「彼は現実に直面した」(かれはげんじつにちょくめんした). The reality is harsh「現実は厳しい」(げんじつはきびしい). It's important to note that '現実' can be used in various contexts, from personal experiences to broader societal observations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

586

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

City

Reading

Kanji

都Metropolis 市City, Market

Explanation

The Japanese noun '都市 (とし)' refers to a 'city', typically a large and densely populated urban area. It is used to describe major urban centers, often in contrast to rural areas or smaller towns. The term carries a sense of modernity, infrastructure, and economic activity. Example sentences: Tokyo is a big city「東京は大きな都市です」(とうきょうはおおきなとしです). Many people move to cities for work「多くの人が仕事のために都市に引っ越します」(おおくのひとがしごとのためにとしにひっこします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

587

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

River

Reading

Kanji

川River

Explanation

The Japanese noun '川 (かわ)' means 'river'. It refers to a natural flowing watercourse, typically freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake, or another river. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and place names. For example: The river is wide「川は広い」(かわはひろい). I crossed the river「川を渡った」(かわをわたった). The word '川' is often used in compound words, such as '川岸 (かわぎし)' meaning 'riverbank' or '川下り (かわくだり)' meaning 'river descent'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

588

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dinner

Reading

Kanji

夕Evening 飯Cooked rice, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夕飯 (ゆうはん)' refers to the evening meal, commonly known as 'dinner'. It is a compound of '夕 (ゆう)', meaning 'evening', and '飯 (はん)', meaning 'meal' or 'cooked rice'. This word is used in everyday conversation to refer to the main meal eaten in the evening. For example: Let's eat dinner「夕飯を食べましょう」(ゆうはんをたべましょう). What's for dinner tonight?「今夜の夕飯は何ですか？」(こんやのゆうはんはなんですか？). It is a neutral term and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

589

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face, Surface

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '面 (めん)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'face', referring to the front part of a person's head. For example: He has a kind face「彼は優しい面をしている」(かれはやさしいめんをしている). The second meaning is 'surface', referring to the outer or top layer of an object. For example: The surface of the water is calm「水面は穏やかだ」(すいめんはおだやかだ). This word can also be used in compound words to denote specific types of surfaces or faces, such as '水面 (すいめん)' (water surface) or '顔面 (がんめん)' (facial surface).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

590

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficult

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '難い (がたい)' is used to express that something is difficult or hard to do. It is often attached to the stem of verbs to convey that the action is challenging or nearly impossible to achieve. This suffix carries a nuance of something being not just difficult, but also rare or unlikely. For example: it's hard to believe「信じがたい」(しんじがたい). It's difficult to refuse「断りがたい」(ことわりがたい). Note that '難い (がたい)' is typically used in written or formal contexts, and it is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

591

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flower viewing

Reading

Kanji

花Flower 見See

Explanation

The Japanese noun '花見 (はなみ)' refers to the traditional custom of enjoying the beauty of flowers, particularly cherry blossoms (桜, さくら). This activity is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and typically involves gathering with friends or family under blooming cherry trees, often accompanied by food, drinks, and celebration. It is most commonly associated with spring, when cherry blossoms are in full bloom. Example sentences: Let's go flower viewing「花見に行きましょう」(はなみにいきましょう). The flower viewing party was fun「花見のパーティーは楽しかった」(はなみのパーティーはたのしかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

592

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Way of speaking

Reading

Kanji

言Say 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '言い方 (いいかた)' refers to the 'way of speaking' or 'manner of expression'. It describes how something is said, including tone, phrasing, or choice of words. This word is often used to discuss communication styles or to give feedback on how someone expresses themselves. For example: His way of speaking is polite「彼の言い方は丁寧です」(かれのいいかたはていねいです). Please change your way of speaking「言い方を変えてください」(いいかたをかえてください). It can also imply nuance, as in '言い方が悪い (いいかたがわるい)' which means 'the way it was said was bad' or 'it was phrased poorly'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

593

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

System

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'システム (しすてむ)' means 'system'. It refers to a set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole, such as a computer system, organizational system, or any structured arrangement. This word is often used in technical, business, or everyday contexts. For example: The new computer system is efficient「新しいコンピュータシステムは効率的です」(あたらしいコンピュータしすてむはこうりつてきです). The company has a good management system「その会社は良い経営システムを持っています」(そのかいしゃはよいけいえいしすてむをもっています). Note that 'システム' is a loanword from English, and its usage is similar to the English word 'system'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

594

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Period

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時期 (じき)' refers to a specific period or time frame. It is often used to denote a particular season, era, or phase in time. This word can be applied in various contexts, such as historical periods, seasonal changes, or stages in a process. For example: the cherry blossom season is the best period to visit Japan「桜の時期は日本を訪れるのに最適な時期です」(さくらのじきはにほんをおとずれるのにさいてきなじきです). The period of economic growth was short「経済成長の時期は短かった」(けいざいせいちょうのじきはみじかかった). It's important to note that '時期' can also imply a sense of timing or appropriateness, as in 'the right time' or 'the right period' for something to occur.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

595

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Organization, Engine

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機関 (きかん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to an 'organization' or 'institution', often used in the context of public or official bodies. For example: The research institute is a government organization「その研究所は政府の機関です」(そのけんきゅうじょはせいふのきかんです). The second meaning refers to an 'engine' or 'mechanism', typically used in the context of machinery or vehicles. For example: The train's engine is very powerful「その電車の機関はとても強力です」(そのでんしゃのきかんはとてもきょうりょくです). The context in which '機関' is used will determine whether it refers to an organization or an engine.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

596

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Table

Reading

Kanji

表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese noun '表 (ひょう)' means 'table'. This word is used to refer to a structured arrangement of data, typically in rows and columns, often used for organizing information. It is commonly seen in contexts such as spreadsheets, charts, or schedules. For example: Please check the table「表を確認してください」(ひょうをかくにんしてください). The data is summarized in this table「データはこの表にまとめられています」(データはこのひょうにまとめられています). Note that '表' can also refer to a 'surface' or 'front' in other contexts, but this meaning is less common and unrelated to the primary meaning of 'table'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

597

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

That

Reading

Kanji

彼Third person pronoun, He

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '彼れ (あれ)' means 'that' and is used to refer to something distant from both the speaker and the listener, either physically or psychologically. It is often used when the specific object or subject is known to both parties but is not immediately present. For example: That is a mountain「あれは山です」(あれはやまです). That over there is my house「あれが私の家です」(あれがわたしのいえです). It can also be used to refer to something that is not tangible, such as an idea or a situation. For example: That was a difficult time「あれは大変な時期でした」(あれはたいへんなじきでした).

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

598

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reading

Reading

Kanji

読Read 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '読み方 (よみかた)' refers to the way or method of reading something, particularly in terms of pronunciation or interpretation. It is commonly used when discussing how to read kanji, words, or texts. For example: What is the reading of this kanji?「この漢字の読み方は何ですか？」(このかんじのよみかたはなんですか？). The reading of this word is difficult「この言葉の読み方は難しい」(このことばのよみかたはむずかしい). This term is essential in language learning and is often used in educational contexts to clarify pronunciation or meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

599

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light

Reading

Kanji

光Light

Explanation

The Japanese noun '光 (ひかり)' means 'light'. It refers to the natural or artificial illumination that makes things visible. This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, such as describing sunlight, the light from a lamp, or even hope and enlightenment. For example: the light of the sun is bright「太陽の光は明るい」(たいようのひかりはあかるい). She is the light of my life「彼女は私の人生の光だ」(かのじょはわたしのじんせいのひかりだ). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '月光 (げっこう)' (moonlight) or '光線 (こうせん)' (light rays).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

600

Composition

kanji

Handwriting