Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Authorities

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 局Bureau

Explanation

The Japanese noun '当局 (とうきょく)' refers to 'authorities' or 'the relevant authorities'. It is commonly used to describe government bodies, administrative organizations, or officials in charge of a specific matter. This term is often used in formal or official contexts. For example: The authorities are investigating the incident「当局はその事件を調査中です」(とうきょくはそのじけんをちょうさちゅうです). The local authorities issued a warning「地元当局は警告を発しました」(じもととうきょくはけいこくをはっしました). The word is neutral in tone and does not carry any inherent positive or negative connotations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5023

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Christmas

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'クリスマス (kurisumasu)' refers to the holiday 'Christmas'. It is a borrowed word from English, reflecting the cultural adoption of Christmas celebrations in Japan. In Japan, Christmas is often celebrated with decorations, illuminations, and special meals, though it is not a national holiday and is more of a commercial and romantic event rather than a religious one. Example sentences: I love Christmas「クリスマスが大好きです」(くりすますがだいすきです). We will have a party on Christmas「クリスマスにパーティーをします」(くりすますにぱーてぃーをします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5028

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nationality

Reading

Kanji

国Country 籍Enroll, Register

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国籍 (こくせき)' refers to the legal status of belonging to a particular nation or country. It is commonly used in contexts related to citizenship, legal documents, or discussions about one's country of origin. For example: What is your nationality?「あなたの国籍は何ですか？」(あなたのこくせきはなんですか？). He has dual nationality「彼は二重国籍を持っています」(かれはにじゅうこくせきをもっています). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5031

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Border

Reading

Kanji

国Country 境Boundary, Border

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国境 (こっきょう)' refers to the boundary or border between two countries. It is commonly used in contexts related to geography, politics, or travel. For example: The border between Japan and Russia is heavily guarded「日本とロシアの国境は厳重に警備されている」(にほんとロシアのこっきょうはげんじゅうにけいびされている). They crossed the border at night「彼らは夜に国境を越えた」(かれらはよるにこっきょうをこえた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe boundaries or limits in non-physical contexts, such as cultural or ideological borders.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5032

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Evolution

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese noun '進化 (しんか)' means 'evolution'. It refers to the process of gradual development or change, often used in biological contexts to describe the development of species over time. However, it can also be applied to non-biological contexts, such as technological or societal progress. For example: the evolution of technology「技術の進化」(ぎじゅつのしんか). The evolution of species「種の進化」(しゅのしんか). This word is commonly used in scientific discussions, but it can also appear in everyday conversations to describe progress or improvement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5033

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Violation, Infringement

Reading

Kanji

侵Invade 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '侵害 (しんがい)' refers to the act of infringing or violating something, such as rights, laws, or boundaries. It is often used in legal or formal contexts to describe unauthorized actions that breach established rules or entitlements. For example: copyright infringement「著作権の侵害」(ちょさくけんのしんがい). Violation of privacy「プライバシーの侵害」(ぷらいばしーのしんがい). This term carries a strong connotation of wrongdoing and is typically used in serious or professional discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5034

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Valve, Speech

Reading

Kanji

弁Valve, Dialect

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弁 (べん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'valve', referring to a device that regulates the flow of a fluid, such as in machinery or anatomy. For example: The valve is broken「弁が壊れている」(べんがこわれている). The second meaning is 'speech' or 'argument', often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: He gave a passionate speech「彼は熱弁をふるった」(かれはねつべんをふるった). It's important to note that the context in which '弁' is used will determine its meaning, as these two definitions are unrelated.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5035

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wheelchair

Reading

Kanji

車Car 椅Chair 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車椅子 (くるまいす)' refers to a 'wheelchair', a chair with wheels used by people who have difficulty walking or cannot walk. This term is commonly used in medical, caregiving, and everyday contexts. For example: He uses a wheelchair「彼は車椅子を使っています」(かれはくるまいすをつかっています). The hospital provides wheelchairs「病院は車椅子を提供しています」(びょういんはくるまいすをていきょうしています). The word is a combination of '車 (くるま)' meaning 'vehicle' or 'wheel' and '椅子 (いす)' meaning 'chair', emphasizing its function as a mobility aid.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5040

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

General, Boss

Reading

Kanji

大Big 将Leader, Commander

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大将 (たいしょう)' has two primary meanings. First, it refers to a 'general' in a military context, denoting a high-ranking officer. Second, it is used colloquially to mean 'boss' or 'leader' in a group or team, often in a friendly or informal way. For example: The general led the army「大将が軍隊を率いた」(たいしょうがぐんたいをひきいた). He's the boss of our team「彼は私たちのチームの大将だ」(かれはわたしたちのチームのたいしょうだ). The term can also carry a sense of respect or endearment when used informally.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5041

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lung

Reading

Kanji

肺Lung

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肺 (はい)' refers to the organ known as the 'lung'. It is used in medical, biological, and everyday contexts to describe the respiratory organ in humans and animals. For example: His lungs are healthy「彼の肺は健康です」(かれのはいはけんこうです). Smoking damages the lungs「喫煙は肺を傷つける」(きつえんははいをきずつける). The word is also used in compound terms like '肺炎 (はいえん)' (pneumonia) or '肺がん (はいがん)' (lung cancer).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5042

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Band

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'バンド (ばんど)' primarily refers to a musical group or band. It is commonly used to describe groups that play various genres of music, such as rock, jazz, or pop. For example: I like that band「あのバンドが好きです」(あのばんどがすきです). The band is performing tonight「バンドが今夜演奏します」(ばんどがこんやえんそうします). Additionally, 'バンド' can also refer to a band or strap, such as a rubber band or a watchband, but this usage is less common in everyday conversation. For example: I need a rubber band「輪ゴムが必要です」(わごむがひつようです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5043

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disclosure

Reading

Kanji

開Open 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '開示 (かいじ)' means 'disclosure'. It refers to the act of making information, facts, or data known to others, often in a formal or legal context. This term is commonly used in legal, corporate, or administrative settings where transparency is required. For example: The company made a public disclosure of its financial records「会社は財務記録を開示しました」(かいしゃはざいむきろくをかいじしました). The court ordered the disclosure of evidence「裁判所は証拠の開示を命じた」(さいばんしょはしょうこのかいじをめいじた). Note that '開示' is often used in contexts involving legal obligations or ethical transparency.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5048

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lodging

Reading

Kanji

宿Lodging 泊Overnight, Stay overnight

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宿泊 (しゅくはく)' refers to the act of staying overnight or lodging at a place, typically used in contexts like hotels, inns, or other accommodations. It is commonly used in formal or travel-related situations. For example: I will stay at a hotel「ホテルに宿泊します」(ホテルにしゅくはくします). The lodging fee is included「宿泊料金は含まれています」(しゅくはくりょうきんはふくまれています). This term is often seen in phrases like '宿泊施設 (しゅくはくしせつ)' (lodging facilities) or '宿泊予約 (しゅくはくよやく)' (lodging reservation).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5049

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shallow, Superficial

Reading

Kanji

浅Shallow 見See

Explanation

The Japanese noun '浅見 (せんけん)' refers to a superficial or shallow view, opinion, or understanding of something. It is often used to describe a lack of depth in thought or analysis. For example: His opinion is superficial「彼の意見は浅見だ」(かれのいけんはせんけんだ). Don't make shallow judgments「浅見をしないでください」(せんけんをしないでください). The word can also be used to describe someone who has a narrow or limited perspective, as in '浅見な人 (せんけんなひと) (a person with a shallow view).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5050

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tragedy

Reading

Kanji

悲Sad 劇Drama

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悲劇 (ひげき)' means 'tragedy'. It refers to a serious and sorrowful event or situation, often involving suffering or misfortune. This word is commonly used in literature, drama, and everyday conversation to describe events that evoke deep sadness or despair. For example: The play was a tragedy「その劇は悲劇だった」(そのげきはひげきだった). The accident was a tragedy「その事故は悲劇だった」(そのじこはひげきだった). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that are deeply unfortunate or regrettable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5051

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japan Soviet

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日ソ (にっそ)' is a compound word that refers to the relationship or matters involving Japan and the Soviet Union. It is often used in historical or political contexts to discuss events, treaties, or interactions between the two nations. For example: The Japan-Soviet Neutrality Pact was signed in 1941「日ソ中立条約は1941年に調印された」(にっそちゅうりつじょうやくは1941ねんにちょういんされた). The Japan-Soviet Joint Declaration of 1956 normalized diplomatic relations「1956年の日ソ共同宣言は外交関係を正常化した」(1956ねんのにっそきょうどうせんげんはがいこうかんけいをせいじょうかした). This term is primarily used in historical discussions and is less common in modern contexts due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5055

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Datetime

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 時Time, Hour

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日時 (にちじ)' refers to a specific point in time, combining both the date and the time. It is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as scheduling appointments, events, or meetings. For example: Please tell me the datetime of the meeting「会議の日時を教えてください」(かいぎのにちじをおしえてください). The datetime of the event is set for next Monday「イベントの日時は来週の月曜日に決まりました」(イベントのにちじはらいしゅうのげつようびにきまりました). This word is often used in written or formal communication rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5056

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Days

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日日 (ひにち)' refers to 'days' or 'a period of time'. It is often used to describe a span of days or the passage of time. For example: I will wait for a few days「日日待ちます」(ひにちまちます). The days passed quickly「日日が早く過ぎた」(ひにちがはやくすぎた). This word can also be used in a more abstract sense to refer to the flow of time or the progression of events over days.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5057

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Piece

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片 (かた)' means 'piece' or 'fragment'. It is often used to refer to a part or portion of something that has been broken or divided. This word can also imply something incomplete or one-sided. For example: a piece of paper「紙の片」(かみのかた). He only heard one side of the story「彼は話の片方だけ聞いた」(かれははなしのかたほうだけきいた). The word can also be used in compounds, such as '片手 (かたて)' meaning 'one hand' or '片道 (かたみち)' meaning 'one way'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5058

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Model, Type

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 種Kind, Variety

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機種 (きしゅ)' refers to the model or type of a device, machine, or equipment. It is commonly used in contexts related to electronics, appliances, or machinery to specify a particular version or variant. For example: This smartphone model is popular「このスマートフォンの機種は人気です」(このスマートフォンのきしゅはにんきです). The new type of printer is more efficient「新しいプリンターの機種はより効率的です」(あたらしいプリンターのきしゅはよりこうりつてきです). The word is often used in technical or commercial settings to differentiate between different versions of products.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5059

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pride

Reading

Kanji

誇Boast

Explanation

The Japanese noun '誇り (ほこり)' means 'pride'. It refers to a feeling of deep satisfaction or self-respect derived from one's own achievements, qualities, or associations. This word is often used to express a sense of honor or dignity. For example: I take pride in my work「私は自分の仕事に誇りを持っています」(わたしはじぶんのしごとにほこりをもっています). She felt pride in her son's success「彼女は息子の成功に誇りを感じた」(かのじょはむすこのせいこうにほこりをかんじた). Note that '誇り' can also sometimes refer to a sense of pride in one's heritage or community, as in '彼は自分の文化に誇りを持っている (かれはじぶんのぶんかにほこりをもっている) (He takes pride in his culture).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5060

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crescent

Reading

Kanji

三Three 日Day, Sun 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '三日月 (みかづき)' refers to a 'crescent moon'. It is commonly used to describe the shape of the moon when it is in its early phase, appearing as a thin, curved sliver. This word is often used in poetic or descriptive contexts to evoke imagery of the night sky. For example: The crescent moon is beautiful tonight「今夜の三日月は美しい」(こんやのみかづきはうつくしい). She drew a crescent moon on the paper「彼女は紙に三日月を描いた」(かのじょはかみにみかづきをかいた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something shaped like a crescent, such as a crescent-shaped pastry or object.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5062

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Years

Reading

Kanji

年Year 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年月 (としつき)' refers to the passage of time, specifically in terms of years and months. It is often used to describe a long period of time or the duration of an event. For example: many years have passed「長い年月が経った」(ながいとしつきがたった). It took years of effort「年月をかけた努力」(としつきをかけたどりょく). The word can also imply the accumulation of experience or history over time, as in 'the years of tradition'「伝統の年月」(でんとうのとしつき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5064

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Few, Some

Reading

Kanji

若Young 干Dry

Explanation

The Japanese noun '若干 (じゃっかん)' means 'some' or 'a few'. It is used to indicate a small or indefinite quantity of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe a modest amount or degree. For example: There are some problems「若干の問題がある」(じゃっかんのもんだいがある). A few people attended the meeting「若干の人が会議に出席した」(じゃっかんのひとがかいぎにしゅっせきした). Note that '若干' is more formal than alternatives like '少し (すこし)' or 'いくつか', and it is commonly used in reports, documents, or speeches.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5066

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Date

Reading

Kanji

年Year 月Moon, Month 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年月日 (ねんがっぴ)' refers to a specific date, typically written in the format of year, month, and day. It is often used in formal or official contexts, such as on documents, forms, or when specifying a particular day in history. For example: Please write the date here「ここに年月日を書いてください」(ここにねんがっぴをかいてください). The date of the event is October 10, 2023「イベントの年月日は2023年10月10日です」(イベントのねんがっぴは2023ねん10がつ10かです). Note that '年月日' is a more formal way to refer to a date compared to '日付 (ひづけ)', which is also commonly used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5067

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Norm

Reading

Kanji

規Standard, Regulation 範Model, Pattern

Explanation

The Japanese noun '規範 (きはん)' refers to a standard, norm, or model that serves as a guideline for behavior, thought, or judgment. It is often used in contexts related to social, ethical, or professional standards. For example: Society has its own norms「社会にはその規範がある」(しゃかいにはそのきはんがある). We must follow the norms of the workplace「職場の規範に従わなければならない」(しょくばのきはんにしたがわなければならない). The word can also imply a sense of authority or a benchmark that is widely accepted within a community or group.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5069

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Liver

Reading

Kanji

肝Liver

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肝 (きも)' primarily refers to the 'liver' as an organ in the body. However, it is also used metaphorically to describe courage, spirit, or the essence of something. For example: eating liver is healthy「肝を食べるのは健康にいい」(きもをたべるのはけんこうにいい). He has a lot of courage「彼は肝が据わっている」(かれはきもがすわっている). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions, such as '肝に銘じる (きもにめいじる)', which means 'to take something to heart' or 'to remember something firmly.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5070

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Currency

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 貨Goods, Freight

Explanation

The Japanese noun '通貨 (つうか)' refers to 'currency', which is the system of money used in a particular country or region. This term is commonly used in financial, economic, and everyday contexts when discussing money, exchange rates, or monetary systems. For example: The Japanese currency is the yen「日本の通貨は円です」(にほんのつうかはえんです). I exchanged foreign currency at the bank「私は銀行で外貨を交換しました」(わたしはぎんこうでがいかをこうかんしました). The word can also appear in compound terms like '外貨通貨 (がいかつうか)' (foreign currency) or '仮想通貨 (かそうつうか)' (virtual currency).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5071

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Control

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 制System, Control

Explanation

The Japanese noun '統制 (とうせい)' means 'control' and refers to the act of regulating, managing, or governing something. It is often used in contexts involving authority, organization, or systems. For example: The government imposed strict control「政府は厳しい統制を課した」(せいふはきびしいとうせいをかした). The company maintains control over its operations「会社は業務の統制を維持している」(かいしゃはぎょうむのとうせいをいじしている). This word is commonly used in formal or administrative settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5072

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Old

Reading

Kanji

古Old

Explanation

The Japanese noun '古く (ふるく)' is the adverbial form of the adjective '古い (ふるい)', meaning 'old'. It is used to describe something that has existed for a long time or is from a past era. This form is often used to modify verbs or other adjectives, indicating that something is done in an old-fashioned or traditional way. For example: This tradition is old「この伝統は古くからある」(このでんとうはふるくからある). The house was built in an old style「その家は古く建てられた」(そのいえはふるくたてられた). Note that '古く' is not typically used as a standalone noun but rather as an adverb to describe actions or states.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5073

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Best

Reading

Kanji

何What

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何より (なにより)' means 'best' or 'above all else'. It is often used to emphasize that something is the most important, valuable, or desirable thing in a given context. For example: Your health is what matters most「何より健康が大切です」(なによりけんこうがたいせつです). Nothing is more important than your happiness「何よりあなたの幸せが一番です」(なによりあなたのしあわせがいちばんです). This word is commonly used in positive contexts to highlight priority or preference.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5077

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Open

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'オープン (おーぷん)' is a loanword derived from English, meaning 'open'. It is commonly used in contexts related to the opening of businesses, events, or facilities. For example: The store is open「その店はオープンです」(そのみせはおーぷんです). The new cafe will open tomorrow「新しいカフェは明日オープンします」(あたらしいかふぇはあしたおーぷんします). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something being open or accessible, such as open-mindedness or open discussions. Note that this word is often used in business or commercial settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5080

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perfection

Reading

Kanji

完Complete 璧Ball, Sphere

Explanation

The Japanese noun '完璧 (かんぺき)' means 'perfection'. It is used to describe something that is flawless, complete, or without any defects. This word is often used to emphasize the high quality or ideal state of something. For example: Her performance was perfect「彼女のパフォーマンスは完璧だった」(かのじょのパフォーマンスはかんぺきだった). This plan is flawless「このプランは完璧だ」(このプランはかんぺきだ). The word can also be used sarcastically or ironically to imply that something is too perfect or unrealistic. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5081

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cafeteria

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 堂Hall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食堂 (しょくどう)' refers to a 'cafeteria' or 'dining hall'. It is commonly used to describe a place where meals are served, often in schools, workplaces, or public facilities. The word can also refer to a casual restaurant or eatery. For example: Let's eat at the cafeteria「食堂で食べましょう」(しょくどうでたべましょう). The school cafeteria is crowded「学校の食堂は混んでいる」(がっこうのしょくどうはこんでいる). Note that '食堂' is often used in institutional settings, but it can also describe small, family-run restaurants.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5082

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Universality

Reading

Kanji

普Universal, Widespread 遍All over, Everywhere

Explanation

The Japanese noun '普遍 (ふへん)' refers to the concept of 'universality', meaning something that is applicable or common to all cases, situations, or people. It is often used in philosophical, scientific, or abstract contexts to describe principles, truths, or phenomena that are not limited by specific conditions. For example: The universality of human rights is widely recognized「人権の普遍性は広く認められている」(じんけんのふへんせいはひろくみとめられている). This theory has universality「この理論は普遍性を持っている」(このりろんはふへんせいをもっている). The word is typically used in formal or academic discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5083

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Framework

Reading

Kanji

枠Frame 組Association, Group

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枠組み (わくぐみ)' refers to a 'framework' or 'structure'. It is used to describe the basic structure or outline of something, such as a plan, system, or concept. This word is often used in both literal and abstract contexts. For example: the framework of the project is complete「プロジェクトの枠組みが完成した」(ぷろじぇくとのわくぐみがかんせいした). We need to establish a new framework for the organization「組織の新しい枠組みを確立する必要がある」(そしきのあたらしいわくぐみをかくりつするひつようがある). The word can also imply a set of rules or guidelines that form the basis of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5084

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

仕Serve 舞Dance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仕舞い (しまい)' means 'end' or 'conclusion'. It is often used to describe the final part of something, such as an event, a process, or a story. This word carries a nuance of finality and completion. For example: the end of the movie「映画の仕舞い」(えいがのしまい). The party came to an end「パーティーは仕舞いになった」(パーティーはしまいになった). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the end of an era「時代の仕舞い」(じだいのしまい). Note that '仕舞い' is often written in hiragana as 'しまい' in modern usage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5090

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Era, Age

Reading

Kanji

年Year 代Substitute, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年代 (ねんだい)' refers to a specific period or era, often used in historical or chronological contexts. It can denote a decade, a century, or a broader historical period. For example: the Showa era「昭和年代」(しょうわねんだい). This artifact is from the Edo period「この遺物は江戸年代のものです」(このいぶつはえどねんだいのものです). It can also refer to someone's age group, as in: people of the same age「同じ年代の人々」(おなじねんだいのひとびと). The word is versatile and context-dependent, so pay attention to how it is used in sentences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5091

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Souvenir

Reading

Kanji

土Soil 産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '土産 (みやげ)' refers to a 'souvenir' or a gift brought back from a trip or visit to a place. It is commonly used to describe items purchased or received as a memento of a journey or as a gift for someone else. For example: I bought a souvenir from Kyoto「京都で土産を買いました」(きょうとでみやげをかいました). She gave me a souvenir from her trip「彼女は旅行の土産をくれました」(かのじょはりょこうのみやげをくれました). The word can also imply a sense of thoughtfulness, as it is often given to friends, family, or colleagues upon returning from a trip.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5092

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrow

Reading

Kanji

矢Arrow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '矢 (や)' means 'arrow'. This word refers to the projectile weapon used in archery, typically consisting of a straight, thin shaft with a sharp point at one end and feathers at the other for stabilization. It is commonly used in contexts related to archery, hunting, or historical battles. For example: He shot an arrow「彼は矢を放った」(かれはやをはなった). The arrow hit the target「矢は的に当たった」(やはまとにあたった). In Japanese culture, arrows also hold symbolic meanings, often associated with protection or warding off evil spirits, as seen in traditional rituals or decorations like '破魔矢 (はまや)' (ritual arrow).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5093

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thousands

Reading

Kanji

何What 千Thousand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何千 (なんぜん)' means 'thousands'. It is used to refer to an unspecified large number of things, typically in the thousands. This word is often used in contexts where the exact number is unknown or unimportant, emphasizing the magnitude or quantity. For example: thousands of people gathered「何千もの人が集まった」(なんぜんものひとがあつまった). There are thousands of stars in the sky「空には何千もの星がある」(そらにはなんぜんものほしがある). The word can also be used metaphorically to express a large, indefinite quantity, such as 'thousands of thoughts' or 'thousands of possibilities'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5094

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hundreds

Reading

Kanji

何What 百Hundred

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何百 (なんびゃく)' means 'hundreds'. It is used to indicate an unspecified large number in the hundreds. This word is often used in contexts where the exact number is not important, but the general scale is. For example: there are hundreds of stars in the sky「空には何百もの星がある」(そらにはなんびゃくものほしがある). Hundreds of people attended the event「何百人もの人がイベントに参加した」(なんびゃくにんものひとがイベントにさんかした). The word '何百' can also be used in combination with other counters, such as '何百人 (なんびゃくにん)' for 'hundreds of people' or '何百個 (なんびゃっこ)' for 'hundreds of items'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5095

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shelf

Reading

Kanji

棚Shelf

Explanation

The Japanese noun '棚 (たな)' refers to a 'shelf', typically used for storing or displaying items. It is commonly found in homes, stores, and other spaces where organization is needed. For example: Please put the book on the shelf「本を棚に置いてください」(ほんをたなおいてください). The shelf is full of dishes「棚にはお皿がいっぱいです」(たなにはおさらがいっぱいです). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something being set aside or postponed, as in '棚上げ (たなあげ)', which means 'to shelve' or 'to postpone'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5098

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adopted child

Reading

Kanji

養Foster 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '養子 (ようし)' means 'adopted child'. It refers to a child who is legally adopted into a family, becoming part of that family through legal processes. This word is often used in contexts related to family law, inheritance, or social discussions about adoption. Example: They adopted a child 「彼らは養子をもらった」 (かれらはようしをもらった). The adopted child inherited the property 「養子が財産を相続した」 (ようしがざいさんをそうぞくした). Note that '養子' can refer to either an adopted son or daughter, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5099

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reason

Reading

Kanji

理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理 (り)' primarily means 'reason' or 'logic'. It refers to the underlying principle, rationale, or order behind something. This word is often used in philosophical, scientific, or abstract contexts to describe the natural order or the reasoning behind phenomena. For example: the reason behind the phenomenon「現象の理」(げんしょうのり). He explained the logic of the theory「彼は理論の理を説明した」(かれはりろんのりをせつめいした). '理' can also appear in compound words, such as '道理 (どうり)' (reason, justice) or '物理 (ぶつり)' (physics). It carries a formal tone and is commonly used in written or academic contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5100

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Large amount of money

Reading

Kanji

大Big 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大金 (たいきん)' refers to a 'large amount of money'. This word is often used to describe a significant sum of money, either in the context of wealth, expenses, or financial transactions. It carries a nuance of something substantial or noteworthy in terms of monetary value. For example: He inherited a large amount of money「彼は大金を相続した」(かれはたいきんをそうぞくした). Spending a large amount of money on a car「車に大金を使う」(くるまにたいきんをつかう). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to emphasize the scale of the financial amount being discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5102

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Big

Reading

Kanji

大Big

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大 (だい)' means 'big' or 'large'. It is often used as a prefix to indicate something is large in scale, size, or importance. For example: big earthquake「大地震」(だいじしん). big sale「大売り出し」(だいうりだし). It can also be used in compound words to emphasize magnitude or significance. For instance: big success「大成功」(だいせいこう). Note that '大 (だい)' is a Sino-Japanese reading and is commonly used in formal or compound contexts, while '大きい (おおきい)' is the native Japanese adjective for 'big'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5103

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daytime, Japan China

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日中 (にっちゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to 'daytime', the period between sunrise and sunset. For example: I work during the daytime「私は日中働きます」(わたしはにっちゅうはたらきます). The second meaning refers to the relationship or interaction between Japan and China. For example: Japan-China relations are improving「日中関係は改善しています」(にっちゅうかんけいはかいぜんしています). It's important to note that the context in which this word is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5104

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dismantling

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '解体 (かいたい)' refers to the act of dismantling or taking something apart, often used in the context of buildings, machinery, or systems. It can also imply deconstruction or breaking down in a more abstract sense. For example: The old building is being dismantled「古い建物が解体されている」(ふるいたてものがかいたいされている). The company is dismantling its outdated system「会社は古いシステムを解体している」(かいしゃはふるいシステムをかいたいしている). This term is commonly used in construction, engineering, and organizational contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5105

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blood vessel

Reading

Kanji

血Blood 管Pipe

Explanation

The Japanese noun '血管 (けっかん)' refers to a 'blood vessel', which is a tubular structure that carries blood throughout the body. This term is commonly used in medical or biological contexts. For example: The blood vessel is narrow「血管が狭い」(けっかんがせまい). Blood vessels are essential for circulation「血管は循環に不可欠です」(けっかんはじゅんかんにふかけつです). The word can also appear in compound terms like '毛細血管 (もうさいけっかん)' (capillary), which refers to the smallest blood vessels in the body.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5106

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Execution

Reading

Kanji

遂Consummate, Accomplish 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遂行 (すいこう)' refers to the act of carrying out, accomplishing, or executing a task, plan, or duty. It is often used in formal or professional contexts to describe the successful completion of responsibilities or objectives. For example: The execution of the plan was flawless「計画の遂行は完璧だった」(けいかくのすいこうはかんぺきだった). He is responsible for the execution of the project「彼はプロジェクトの遂行を担当している」(かれはプロジェクトのすいこうをたんとうしている). This term emphasizes the process and completion of an action, often implying diligence and thoroughness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5107

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Payment

Reading

Kanji

代Substitute, Era 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '代金 (だいきん)' refers to the payment or price for goods or services. It is commonly used in contexts involving transactions, such as purchasing items or paying for services. For example: Please pay the amount「代金を払ってください」(だいきんをはらってください). The payment for the meal is 5000 yen「食事の代金は5000円です」(しょくじのだいきんはごせんえんです). This word is often used in formal or business settings, and it emphasizes the monetary aspect of a transaction.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5108

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Middle age

Reading

Kanji

中Center 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中年 (ちゅうねん)' refers to 'middle age', typically describing people in their 40s to 50s. It is often used to discuss life stages, societal roles, or physical changes associated with this period of life. For example: He is in middle age「彼は中年です」(かれはちゅうねんです). Middle age is a busy time of life「中年は忙しい時期です」(ちゅうねんはいそがしいじきです). The term can carry nuances of responsibility, maturity, or even crisis, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5109

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooking

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '調理 (ちょうり)' refers to the act or process of cooking or preparing food. It is commonly used in contexts related to food preparation, such as in professional kitchens, home cooking, or culinary arts. For example: I am studying cooking「私は調理を勉強しています」(わたしはちょうりをべんきょうしています). This kitchen is for cooking「このキッチンは調理用です」(このキッチンはちょうりようです). The word can also appear in compound terms like '調理師 (ちょうりし)', which means 'chef' or 'cook'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5110

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ramen

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ラーメン (らーめん)' refers to 'ramen', a popular Japanese noodle dish that originated from China. It consists of wheat noodles served in a meat or fish-based broth, often flavored with soy sauce or miso, and topped with ingredients such as sliced pork, nori (dried seaweed), menma (fermented bamboo shoots), and green onions. Ramen is a staple of Japanese cuisine and is widely available in restaurants, ramen shops, and instant versions. Example sentences: I ate ramen for lunch「昼ごはんにラーメンを食べた」(ひるごはんにらーめんをたべた). This ramen shop is famous「このラーメン屋は有名だ」(このらーめんやはゆうめいだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5111

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Size, Importance

Reading

Kanji

大Big 小Small

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大小 (だいしょう)' can mean 'size' or 'importance'. When referring to 'size', it is used to describe the relative dimensions or magnitude of something, often in terms of large and small. For example: The size of the houses varies「家の大小はさまざまだ」(いえのだいしょうはさまざまだ). When referring to 'importance', it is used to describe the relative significance or priority of matters. For example: We must consider the importance of each issue「各問題の大小を考えなければならない」(かくもんだいのだいしょうをかんがえなければならない). The word is often used in contexts where comparison or relative assessment is involved.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5113

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grade

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学年 (がくねん)' refers to a 'grade' or 'school year' in the context of education. It is used to indicate the year or level a student is in within their educational journey, such as elementary, middle, or high school. For example: I am in the third grade「私は3学年です」(わたしはさんがくねんです). The new school year starts in April「新しい学年は4月に始まります」(あたらしいがくねんはしがつにはじまります). This term is commonly used in academic settings and is essential for understanding a student's progress in the Japanese education system.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5118

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Same year

Reading

Kanji

同Same 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '同年 (どうねん)' refers to the same year or the identical year in question. It is often used to compare events, ages, or occurrences that happened within the same calendar year. For example: We graduated in the same year「私たちは同年に卒業しました」(わたしたちはどうねんにそつぎょうしました). He was born in the same year as me「彼は私と同年に生まれました」(かれはわたしとどうねんにうまれました). This term is particularly useful in contexts where synchrony or simultaneity within a specific year is emphasized.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5119

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Instinct

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本能 (ほんのう)' means 'instinct'. It refers to the innate, automatic behaviors or reactions that living beings have, which are not learned but rather inherent. This word is often used in contexts related to biology, psychology, or everyday situations where natural, unthinking actions are described. For example: Animals act by instinct「動物は本能で行動する」(どうぶつはほんのうでこうどうする). His instinct told him to run「彼の本能は逃げろと言った」(かれのほんのうはにげろといった). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe strong, natural impulses in humans, such as survival instinct or maternal instinct.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5120

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Method

Reading

Kanji

方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'やり方 (やりかた)' means 'method' or 'way of doing something'. It refers to the manner, approach, or technique used to accomplish a task or achieve a goal. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I don't know the correct method「正しいやり方がわかりません」(ただしいやりかたがわかりません). His way of teaching is unique「彼の教え方は独特です」(かれのおしえかたはどくとくです). The word can also imply a specific process or strategy, as in '新しいやり方を試す (あたらしいやりかたをためす) (try a new method)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5122

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sunset

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日の入り (ひのいり)' refers to the time when the sun sets or the act of the sun setting. It is commonly used to describe the natural phenomenon of the sun disappearing below the horizon. For example: The sunset was beautiful「日の入りが美しかった」(ひのいりがうつくしかった). We watched the sunset at the beach「私たちはビーチで日の入りを見た」(わたしたちはビーチでひのいりをみた). This word is often used in poetic or descriptive contexts to evoke the beauty of the evening sky.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5123

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lump

Reading

Kanji

固Hard

Explanation

The Japanese noun '固まり (かたまり)' refers to a 'lump' or a 'mass' of something that is solid or cohesive. It can be used to describe physical objects like a lump of clay, a chunk of ice, or even a group of people or things that are tightly packed together. For example: a lump of sugar「砂糖の固まり」(さとうのかたまり). A group of people gathered in one place「人々の固まり」(ひとびとのかたまり). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a concentrated form of an abstract concept, such as a 'block' of time or a 'cluster' of ideas.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5125

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Main

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'メーン (めーん)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'main'. It is commonly used in contexts such as 'main dish' or 'main event', referring to the primary or most important part of something. For example: The main dish is steak「メーンの料理はステーキです」(めーんのりょうりはすてーきです). The main event starts at 8 PM「メーンのイベントは8時に始まります」(めーんのいべんとははちじにはじまります). This word is often used in menus, event schedules, and other contexts where the primary item or focus needs to be highlighted.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5126

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Name, Title

Reading

Kanji

名Name 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名義 (めいぎ)' refers to the name under which something is registered or held, often used in legal or formal contexts. It can denote the official name or title associated with a property, account, or position. For example: The property is under his name「その不動産は彼の名義です」(そのふどうさんはかれのめいぎです). She holds the title of director「彼女はディレクターの名義を持っています」(かのじょはディレクターのめいぎをもっています). The word can also imply the formal or legal representation of an entity, such as a company or organization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5127

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Essentials

Reading

Kanji

要Important, Need 領Territory

Explanation

The Japanese noun '要領 (ようりょう)' refers to the key points, essentials, or gist of something. It is often used to describe the ability to grasp or summarize the most important aspects of a task, situation, or concept. For example: He quickly understood the essentials「彼は要領をすぐに理解した」(かれはようりょうをすぐにりかいした). She explained the gist of the plan「彼女は計画の要領を説明した」(かのじょはけいかくのようりょうをせつめいした). This word can also imply efficiency or the skill of handling tasks effectively, as in '要領がいい (ようりょうがいい)' meaning 'to be efficient or good at handling things.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5128

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

人Person 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人出 (ひとで)' refers to the presence or gathering of people, often in large numbers, such as at events, public places, or popular spots. It emphasizes the number of people present rather than the individuals themselves. For example: There was a big crowd at the festival「祭りで人出が多かった」(まつりでひとでがおおかった). The park is crowded today「今日は公園の人出が多い」(きょうはこうえんのひとでがおおい). This word is commonly used to describe bustling or lively situations where many people are gathered.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5129

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sunrise

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日の出 (ひので)' means 'sunrise'. It refers to the moment when the sun appears above the horizon in the morning. This word is often used in contexts related to nature, time, or poetic expressions. For example: I woke up early to see the sunrise「日の出を見るために早起きした」(ひのでをみるためにはやおきした). The sunrise was beautiful this morning「今朝の日の出は美しかった」(けさのひのではうつくしかった). The word can also symbolize new beginnings or hope, as the sunrise marks the start of a new day.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5130

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Completion

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 来Come 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出来上がり (できあがり)' refers to the state of something being completed or finished. It is often used to describe the final result or outcome of a process, such as a project, meal, or artwork. For example: the completion of the painting is beautiful「絵の出来上がりが美しい」(えのできあがりがうつくしい). The cake's completion looks delicious「ケーキの出来上がりが美味しそう」(ケーキのできあがりがおいしそう). This word can also imply the quality or condition of the finished product, making it a versatile term in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5132

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Achievement

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 績Achievement

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実績 (じっせき)' refers to 'achievement' or 'track record'. It is commonly used to describe accomplishments, results, or proven performance in a professional, academic, or personal context. For example: His achievements are impressive「彼の実績は素晴らしい」(かれのじっせきはすばらしい). The company has a strong track record「その会社は実績がある」(そのかいしゃはじっせきがある). This word is often used in business settings to highlight past successes or to evaluate performance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5133

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Penetration

Reading

Kanji

浸Soak, Immersed 透Pass through, Transparent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '浸透 (しんとう)' means 'penetration'. This term is often used to describe the process of a substance permeating or spreading through another material, such as water soaking into soil or a liquid diffusing through a membrane. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the spread of ideas, culture, or influence. For example: The water penetrated the soil「水が土に浸透した」(みずがつちにしんとうした). The new policy is gradually penetrating society「新しい政策が社会に浸透しつつある」(あたらしいせいさくがしゃかいにしんとうしつつある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5134

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beauty

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 容Contain, Looks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '美容 (びよう)' refers to 'beauty' or 'beautification'. It is commonly used in contexts related to beauty care, such as skincare, haircare, or cosmetic treatments. For example: beauty salon「美容院」(びよういん). She is studying beauty techniques「彼女は美容の技術を勉強している」(かのじょはびようのぎじゅつをべんきょうしている). This term is often associated with the beauty industry and self-care practices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5135

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End, Miss

Reading

Kanji

外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外れ (はずれ)' can have two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'miss', referring to something that fails to hit the target or meet expectations. For example: that prediction was a miss「その予想は外れだった」(そのよそうははずれだった). The second meaning is 'end', referring to the farthest or outermost part of something, such as the end of a street or the edge of a town. For example: the shop is at the end of the street「その店は通りの外れにある」(そのみせはとおりのはずれにある). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended, as the two usages are quite distinct.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5139

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prince

Reading

Kanji

皇Emperor 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '皇子 (おうじ)' refers to a 'prince', specifically the son of an emperor or a king. This term is used in the context of royalty and is often seen in historical or formal settings. It carries a sense of nobility and high status. For example: The prince is very kind「皇子はとても親切です」(おうじはとてもしんせつです). The prince visited the village「皇子は村を訪れました」(おうじはむらをおとずれました). It's important to note that '皇子' is a more formal term compared to '王子 (おうじ)', which can also mean 'prince' but is used more broadly for any prince, not necessarily the son of an emperor.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5141

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

One hand

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片手 (かたて)' literally means 'one hand'. It is used to refer to a single hand, often in contrast to using both hands. This term can be used in various contexts, such as when describing actions performed with one hand, or when emphasizing the use of a single hand. For example: He carried the bag with one hand「彼は片手でバッグを持った」(かれはかたてでばっぐをもった). She can write with one hand「彼女は片手で書ける」(かのじょはかたてでかける). The word can also be used metaphorically to imply doing something with ease or minimal effort, as in '片手間 (かたてま)' which means 'spare time' or 'doing something on the side'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Juice

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ジュース (juusu)' refers to 'juice', typically fruit juice. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in everyday conversation. This term is widely understood and used in various contexts, such as ordering drinks or discussing beverages. For example: I want orange juice「オレンジジュースがほしい」(おれんじじゅーすがほしい). This juice is delicious「このジュースはおいしい」(このじゅーすはおいしい). Note that 'ジュース' generally refers to sweet, non-alcoholic beverages, and it is distinct from other types of drinks like tea or water.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5143

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pot, Pressure point

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'つぼ (tsubo)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a 'pot', typically a small container used for holding liquids, plants, or other items. For example: This pot is beautiful「このつぼはきれいです」(このつぼはきれいです). The second meaning refers to a 'pressure point' in the context of traditional medicine or martial arts, which are specific points on the body believed to have therapeutic or strategic significance. For example: He knows all the pressure points「彼はすべてのつぼを知っている」(かれはすべてのつぼをしっている). The context in which 'つぼ' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5144

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Maintenance, Retention

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 持Hold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保持 (ほじ)' primarily refers to the act of retaining or maintaining something. It is often used in contexts where something is kept in a particular state or condition over time. For example, in legal or technical contexts, it can refer to the retention of rights or data. In everyday usage, it might refer to maintaining a certain condition or state. Example sentences: The company ensures data retention「会社はデータの保持を保証する」(かいしゃはデータのほじをほしょうする). Maintaining physical health is important「身体の健康を保持することが大切です」(しんたいのけんこうをほじすることがたいせつです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5145

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This year

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本年 (ほんねん)' means 'this year'. It is a formal term often used in business, official documents, or formal speeches to refer to the current year. For example: We aim to achieve our goals this year「本年は目標を達成することを目指します」(ほんねんはもくひょうをたっせいすることをめざします). This year's budget has been finalized「本年予算は確定しました」(ほんねんよさんはかくていしました). Note that '本年' is more formal than '今年 (ことし)', which is used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5150

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Today

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本日 (ほんじつ)' means 'today'. It is a formal and polite term often used in announcements, formal speeches, or written communications. For example: Today's event has been canceled「本日のイベントは中止となりました」(ほんじつのイベントはちゅうしとなりました). Thank you for coming today「本日はご来場ありがとうございます」(ほんじつはごらいじょうありがとうございます). Note that '本日' is more formal than the casual '今日 (きょう)', which is used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5151

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Common

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese noun '通用 (つうよう)' refers to something that is commonly accepted, used, or applicable. It often describes ideas, practices, or items that are widely recognized or valid in a particular context. For example: This method is commonly used「この方法は通用する」(このほうほうはつうようする). His excuse won't work here「彼の言い訳はここでは通用しない」(かれのいいわけはここではつうようしない). The term can also imply something being effective or valid in a specific situation, such as a rule or a ticket being valid for a certain period.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5155

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knife

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ナイフ (ないふ)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'knife'. It refers to a tool or weapon with a sharp blade used for cutting or stabbing. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as in the kitchen or for outdoor activities. Example sentences: Please pass me the knife「ナイフを取ってください」(ないふをとってください). He cut the bread with a knife「彼はナイフでパンを切った」(かれはないふでぱんをきった). Note that 'ナイフ' is typically used for Western-style knives, while traditional Japanese knives might be referred to with different terms like '包丁 (ほうちょう)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5156

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yes

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ハイ (はい)' is a common way to say 'yes' in Japanese. It is often used in formal and informal situations to affirm or agree with something. For example: Yes, I understand「はい、わかりました」(はい、わかりました). Yes, that's correct「はい、そうです」(はい、そうです). It can also be used to acknowledge someone, similar to saying 'here' when taking attendance. For example: Here!「はい！」(はい！). The word 'ハイ' is also sometimes used in a more casual or playful context, such as when responding to a call or a greeting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5157

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '果て (はて)' means 'end' or 'limit'. It is often used to describe the furthest point or boundary of something, whether physical, temporal, or abstract. This word carries a sense of finality or extremity. For example: the end of the world「世界の果て」(せかいのはて). We walked to the end of the road「私たちは道の果てまで歩いた」(わたしたちはみちのはてまであるいた). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in 'the end of one's patience'「忍耐の果て」(にんたいのはて). Note that '果て' often implies a sense of reaching a boundary or conclusion, rather than just a simple stopping point.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5158

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Player

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'プレーヤー (ぷれーやー)' means 'player'. This word is often used to refer to someone who plays a game, sport, or musical instrument. It can also refer to a device that plays media, such as a music player or video player. For example: he is a good soccer player「彼は良いサッカープレーヤーです」(かれはよいさっかーぷれーやーです). I bought a new music player「新しい音楽プレーヤーを買いました」(あたらしいおんがくぷれーやーをかいました). The word is a loanword from English, and its usage is common in modern Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5159

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

White

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ホワイト (howaito)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'white'. It refers to the color white and is commonly used in contexts related to colors, design, or branding. For example: The walls are white「壁はホワイトです」(かべはホワイトです). She bought a white dress「彼女はホワイトのドレスを買いました」(かのじょはホワイトのドレスをかいました). While '白 (しろ)' is the native Japanese word for 'white', 'ホワイト' is often used in modern or stylish contexts, such as fashion, technology, or marketing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5160

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inn

Reading

Kanji

旅Travel 館Building

Explanation

The Japanese noun '旅館 (りょかん)' refers to a traditional Japanese inn, often featuring tatami-matted rooms, communal baths, and other Japanese-style amenities. These inns are commonly found in hot spring areas and are known for their hospitality and traditional meals. For example: I stayed at a Japanese inn「私は旅館に泊まりました」(わたしはりょかんにとまりました). This inn serves delicious meals「この旅館は美味しい食事を提供します」(このりょかんはおいしいしょくじをていきょうします). The term is distinct from Western-style hotels and emphasizes a cultural experience.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5161

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Superior

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目上 (めうえ)' refers to someone who is of higher status, rank, or seniority, such as a boss, teacher, or elder. It is used in social or hierarchical contexts to show respect and acknowledge the position of the person being referred to. For example: I must be polite to my superiors「目上の人には丁寧にしなければならない」(めうえのひとにはていねいにしなければならない). My boss is my superior「私の上司は目上です」(わたしのじょうしはめうえです). The term is often used in workplace or formal settings to emphasize respect for hierarchy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5163

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weight

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目方 (めかた)' refers to the weight of an object or substance. It is commonly used in contexts where measuring or discussing the weight of something is necessary, such as in cooking, shipping, or scientific measurements. For example: The weight of this box is 5 kilograms「この箱の目方は5キロです」(このはこのめかたはごキロです). Please measure the weight of the ingredients「材料の目方を量ってください」(ざいりょうのめかたをはかってください). Note that '目方' is a somewhat formal or technical term and is less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to '重さ (おもさ)', which also means 'weight'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5164

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subordinate

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目下 (めした)' refers to someone who is in a lower position or rank, typically in a hierarchical structure such as a workplace or social setting. It is often used to describe subordinates or juniors. For example: He is my subordinate「彼は私の目下です」(かれはわたしのめしたです). The manager is giving instructions to his subordinates「マネージャーは目下に指示を出している」(マネージャーはめしたにしじをだしている). The term can also imply a sense of responsibility or duty towards those who are '目下'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5165

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Event

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'イベント (いべんと)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'event'. It is commonly used to refer to organized occasions such as parties, festivals, concerts, or any planned social gathering. For example: The school event was fun「学校のイベントは楽しかった」(がっこうのいべんとはたのしかった). We are planning a big event「大きなイベントを計画しています」(おおきないべんとをけいかくしています). The word is widely used in both casual and formal contexts and is often associated with entertainment or special occasions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5166

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nine thousand

Reading

Kanji

九Nine 千Thousand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '九千 (きゅうせん)' means 'nine thousand'. It is a specific number used to denote the quantity of nine thousand. This word is typically used in contexts where large numbers are discussed, such as in finance, population statistics, or when counting items in large quantities. For example: The population of the town is nine thousand「その町の人口は九千です」(そのまちのじんこうはきゅうせんです). The cost of the project is nine thousand yen「そのプロジェクトの費用は九千円です」(そのプロジェクトのひようはきゅうせんえんです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5167

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheese

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'チーズ (chiizu)' means 'cheese'. It is a loanword derived from the English word 'cheese' and is commonly used in Japanese to refer to the dairy product. This word is often used in contexts related to food, cooking, or dining. For example: I like cheese「チーズが好きです」(チーズがすきです). Please add cheese to the pizza「ピザにチーズを加えてください」(ピザにチーズをくわえてください). The word is widely understood in Japan due to the popularity of Western cuisine.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5168

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shop, Store

Reading

Kanji

店Shop 舗Shop, Pave

Explanation

The Japanese noun '店舗 (てんぽ)' refers to a physical retail establishment, such as a store or shop. It is commonly used to describe a place where goods or services are sold to customers. This term is often used in business contexts, such as when discussing the number of stores a company operates or the location of a shop. For example: The store is located in the city center「その店舗は街の中心にあります」(そのてんぽはまちのちゅうしんにあります). They are planning to open a new shop「新しい店舗を開く予定です」(あたらしいてんぽをひらくよていです). Note that '店舗' is a more formal term compared to '店 (みせ)', which is a more general and casual term for a shop.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5169

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beard

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ひげ' refers to facial hair, specifically a beard or mustache. It is commonly used to describe the hair that grows on a person's face, particularly on the chin, cheeks, or upper lip. For example: He has a long beard「彼は長いひげを生やしている」(かれはながいひげをはやしている). My father shaves his beard every morning「父は毎朝ひげを剃る」(ちちはまいあさひげをそる). The word can also be used metaphorically or humorously in certain contexts, such as describing the 'whiskers' of an animal or even the 'beard' of a plant, like corn silk.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5170

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrance

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 入Enter 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出入り口 (でいりぐち)' refers to an 'entrance' or 'exit'. It is commonly used to denote a point of entry or exit in buildings, rooms, or other enclosed spaces. The word combines the characters for 'exit' (出) and 'entrance' (入), emphasizing its dual function. For example: Please use the main entrance「メインの出入り口を使ってください」(めいんのでいりぐちをつかってください). The emergency exit is over there「非常口はあそこです」(ひじょうぐちはあそこです). Note that while '出入り口' can refer to both entrances and exits, context usually clarifies its specific meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5172

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Workers

Reading

Kanji

人Person 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人手 (ひとで)' refers to 'workers' or 'manpower'. It is used to describe the number of people available to work or the workforce needed for a task. This term is often used in contexts where there is a need for additional help or when discussing labor shortages. For example: We need more workers「もっと人手が必要です」(もっとひとでがひつようです). There is a shortage of workers「人手が足りない」(ひとでがたりない). The term can also imply the need for skilled or unskilled labor depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5173

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example, Model

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 本Book, Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手本 (てほん)' refers to an example or model that serves as a guide or standard to follow. It is often used in contexts where someone is learning a skill, such as calligraphy, art, or behavior, and needs a reference to emulate. For instance: Follow this example「この手本に従ってください」(このてほんにしたがってください). She is a model student「彼女は手本のような学生です」(かのじょはてほんのようながくせいです). The word emphasizes the idea of something being a practical or ideal reference point.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5175

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Constraint

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制約 (せいやく)' refers to a 'constraint' or 'limitation'. It is used to describe restrictions or conditions that limit freedom or possibilities. This word is often used in contexts such as rules, regulations, or technical limitations. For example: There are many constraints in this project「このプロジェクトには多くの制約がある」(このプロジェクトにはおおくのせいやくがある). The law imposes constraints on businesses「その法律はビジネスに制約を課す」(そのほうりつはビジネスにせいやくをかす). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as time constraints or social constraints.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5177

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transmission

Reading

Kanji

送Send 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese noun '送信 (そうしん)' refers to the act of sending or transmitting information, data, or signals. It is commonly used in contexts involving communication technologies, such as emails, messages, or data transfer. For example: I sent an email「メールを送信しました」(メールをそうしんしました). The data transmission was successful「データの送信は成功しました」(データのそうしんはせいこうしました). This term is often used in technical or formal settings, and it emphasizes the action of sending information from one point to another.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5178

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fireworks

Reading

Kanji

花Flower 火Fire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '花火 (はなび)' means 'fireworks'. This word is commonly used to describe the colorful explosive displays often seen during festivals, celebrations, or special events in Japan. Fireworks are a significant part of Japanese culture, especially during summer festivals. Example sentences: The fireworks were beautiful「花火がきれいでした」(はなびがきれいでした). We watched the fireworks at the festival「祭りで花火を見ました」(まつりではなびをみました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something fleeting or spectacular, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5181

Composition

kanji

Handwriting