Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Oversleeping

Reading

Kanji

寝Lie down, Go to sleep 坊Boy, Sonny

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '寝坊 (ねぼう)' refers to the act of oversleeping or waking up late. It is often used to describe someone who has slept longer than intended, causing them to be late for an appointment, work, or school. For example: I overslept this morning「今朝寝坊した」(けさねぼうした). Don't oversleep tomorrow「明日寝坊しないで」(あしたねぼうしないで). The term can also be used to describe a person who is habitually late due to oversleeping, as in '彼は寝坊だ (かれはねぼうだ) (He is a late riser).' It carries a slightly negative connotation, implying carelessness or lack of punctuality.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2129

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Multiplication

Reading

Kanji

掛Set, Hang 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '掛け算 (かけざん)' refers to the mathematical operation of multiplication. It is used in contexts involving arithmetic or calculations. For example: I learned multiplication in school「学校で掛け算を習った」(がっこうでかけざんをならった). Can you solve this multiplication problem?「この掛け算の問題を解けますか？」(このかけざんのもんだいをとけますか？). The term is commonly used in educational settings or when discussing basic math operations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2159

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clap

Reading

Kanji

拍Clap, Beat 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '拍手 (はくしゅ)' means 'clap' or 'applause'. It refers to the act of clapping one's hands together, often as a form of appreciation, approval, or celebration. This word is commonly used in contexts such as performances, speeches, or ceremonies. For example: let's give a round of applause「拍手をお願いします」(はくしゅをおねがいします). The audience clapped loudly「観客は大きな拍手を送りました」(かんきゃくはおおきなはくしゅをおくりました). It's important to note that '拍手' can also be used metaphorically to express approval or encouragement in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2161

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cleaning

Reading

Kanji

掃Sweep 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '掃除 (そうじ)' means 'cleaning'. It refers to the act of cleaning or tidying up a space, such as a room, house, or area. This word is commonly used in daily life and can be combined with other words to specify the type of cleaning, such as '部屋の掃除 (へやのそうじ)' (room cleaning). Example sentences: I do cleaning every morning「毎朝掃除をします」(まいあさそうじをします). Please clean your room「部屋を掃除してください」(へやをそうじしてください). The word can also imply a sense of maintaining order or hygiene.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2166

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Handshake

Reading

Kanji

握Grasp, Grip 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '握手 (あくしゅ)' means 'handshake'. It refers to the act of shaking hands, typically as a greeting, agreement, or sign of mutual respect. This term is commonly used in formal or business settings. For example: we exchanged handshakes「私たちは握手を交わしました」(わたしたちはあくしゅをかわしました). He offered a handshake as a sign of reconciliation「彼は和解の印として握手を申し出た」(かれはわかいのしるしとしてあくしゅをもうしでた). Note that while '握手' is a noun, it can function as a verbal noun (suru-verb) when combined with 'する', as in '握手する (あくしゅする)' meaning 'to shake hands'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2169

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Injury

Reading

Kanji

怪Weird, Suspicious 我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '怪我 (けが)' means 'injury'. It refers to physical harm or damage to the body, such as cuts, bruises, or sprains. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and medical contexts. For example: I got a minor injury「軽い怪我をした」(かるいけがをした). Be careful not to get injured「怪我をしないように気をつけて」(けがをしないようにきをつけて). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional or psychological harm, though this usage is less common. It is important to note that '怪我' specifically refers to injuries caused by accidents or external factors, not illnesses or diseases.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2182

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Endure, Patience

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego 慢Ridicule, Arrogant

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '我慢 (がまん)' primarily means 'endure' or 'patience'. It refers to the act of enduring or tolerating something difficult, unpleasant, or painful without complaining. This word is often used in contexts where one must suppress their emotions, desires, or discomfort. For example: I endured the pain「痛みを我慢した」(いたみをがまんした). You need to have patience「我慢が必要だ」(がまんがひつようだ). It can also imply self-control, such as resisting the urge to do something, like in: I resisted eating sweets「甘いものを我慢した」(あまいものをがまんした). Note that '我慢' is commonly used in daily conversations and carries a sense of perseverance or holding back.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2184

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Respect

Reading

Kanji

尊Respect, Revered 敬Respect

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '尊敬 (そんけい)' means 'respect'. It is used to express a feeling of deep admiration for someone or something due to their abilities, qualities, or achievements. This term is often used in formal or polite contexts, such as when discussing elders, superiors, or individuals who have earned admiration. For example: I respect my teacher「私は先生を尊敬しています」(わたしはせんせいをそんけいしています). Respect is important in Japanese culture「尊敬は日本の文化で重要です」(そんけいはにほんのぶんかでじゅうようです). Note that '尊敬' can also be used as a verb in the form '尊敬する (そんけいする)', meaning 'to respect'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2217

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hesitation

Reading

Kanji

遠Far 慮Consider

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '遠慮 (えんりょ)' primarily means 'hesitation' or 'reserve'. It is often used to describe a sense of restraint or reluctance, particularly in social contexts where one might hesitate to impose on others or act in a way that could be seen as intrusive. For example: Please don't hesitate to ask「遠慮なく聞いてください」(えんりょなくきいてください). He declined the offer out of politeness「彼は遠慮して申し出を断った」(かれはえんりょしてもうしでをことわった). The term can also imply a polite refusal, as in '遠慮する (えんりょする)', which means 'to decline politely'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2261

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Greeting

Reading

Kanji

挨Push open 拶Draw close, Be imminent

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '挨拶 (あいさつ)' primarily means 'greeting'. It refers to the act of greeting someone, which can include saying hello, goodbye, or other polite expressions. This word is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, emphasizing politeness and social harmony. It can also refer to formal speeches or remarks made at events. Example sentences: He gave a greeting「彼は挨拶をした」(かれはあいさつをした). Please say hello to everyone「みんなに挨拶してください」(みんなにあいさつしてください). In a formal setting, '挨拶' might refer to a speech: The president made an opening greeting「社長が開会の挨拶をした」(しゃちょうがかいかいのあいさつをした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2270

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moneymaking

Reading

Kanji

金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '金もうけ (かねもうけ)' refers to the act of making money or earning a profit. It is often used in contexts where the focus is on generating income, whether through business, investments, or other means. This term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context, implying a focus on profit over other considerations. Example sentences: He is only interested in moneymaking「彼は金もうけにしか興味がない」(かれはかねもうけにしかきょうみがない). Moneymaking is not the only goal in life「金もうけだけが人生の目標ではない」(かねもうけだけがじんせいのもくひょうではない).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2309

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Coming and going

Reading

Kanji

行Go 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '行き来 (いきき)' refers to the act of going and coming, or movement back and forth between places. It can describe physical movement, such as traveling between two locations, or metaphorical movement, such as the exchange of ideas or communication. For example: There is a lot of coming and going between the two cities「二つの都市の間で行き来が多い」(ふたつのとしのあいだでいききがおおい). The exchange of letters between them was frequent「彼らの間で手紙の行き来が頻繁だった」(かれらのあいだでてがみのいききがひんぱんだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2322

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Image

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'イメージ (いめーじ)' means 'image'. It refers to a mental picture, impression, or representation of something, often used in contexts like visualization, branding, or perception. For example: I have a clear image of the design「デザインのイメージがはっきりしている」(でざいんのいめーじがはっきりしている). The company's image is very modern「その会社のイメージはとてもモダンだ」(そのかいしゃのいめーじはとてももだんだ). This word is commonly used in both casual and professional settings to describe visual or conceptual representations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2329

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Updown

Reading

Kanji

上Up 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '上下 (じょうげ)' refers to the concept of 'up and down' or 'top and bottom'. It can describe physical movement, such as going up and down stairs, or abstract concepts, like fluctuations in status or rankings. For example: The elevator goes up and down「エレベーターが上下する」(エレベーターがじょうげする). There is a big difference between the top and bottom of the company「会社の上下の差が大きい」(かいしゃのじょうげのさがおおきい). This word is often used in contexts involving hierarchy, movement, or spatial relationships.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2344

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Outing

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '外出 (がいしゅつ)' refers to the act of going out or leaving one's home or usual place. It is commonly used to describe activities such as going outside for errands, leisure, or other purposes. For example: I went out for shopping「買い物に外出した」(かいものにがいしゅつした). She rarely goes out「彼女はめったに外出しない」(かのじょはめったにがいしゅつしない). The word can also imply a temporary absence from a place, such as leaving the office or home for a short period.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2352

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Output

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出力 (しゅつりょく)' means 'output'. It is commonly used in contexts related to technology, engineering, and computing to refer to the result or data produced by a system, device, or process. For example: the output of the printer is clear「プリンターの出力はきれいです」(ぷりんたーのしゅつりょくはきれいです). The power output of the generator is high「発電機の出力は高いです」(はつでんきのしゅつりょくはたかいです). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe the result of effort or work, such as in creative or intellectual contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quarrel

Reading

Kanji

口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '口げんか (くちげんか)' refers to a verbal quarrel or argument, typically involving heated or angry exchanges of words. It is often used to describe disputes that are not physical but rather involve shouting or harsh words. For example: They had a quarrel「彼らは口げんかをした」(かれらはくちげんかをした). Don't start a quarrel with him「彼と口げんかをしないで」(かれとくちげんかをしないで). This term emphasizes the verbal nature of the conflict, distinguishing it from physical fights.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2363

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Improvement

Reading

Kanji

上Up 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '上達 (じょうたつ)' refers to the act of improving or making progress in a skill, ability, or knowledge. It is often used in contexts where someone has become better at something through practice or study. For example: His English has improved「彼の英語は上達した」(かれのえいごはじょうたつした). I want to improve my piano skills「ピアノの上達を目指したい」(ぴあののじょうたつをめざしたい). This word is commonly used in educational or self-improvement contexts, emphasizing gradual progress over time.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2391

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Runaway

Reading

Kanji

家House 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '家出 (いえで)' means 'runaway'. It refers to the act of leaving one's home or family, often without permission or notice, typically to escape a difficult situation or to seek independence. This term is often used in contexts involving youth or family conflicts. For example: she became a runaway「彼女は家出をした」(かのじょはいえでをした). The boy ran away from home「その少年は家出をした」(そのしょうねんはいえでをした). Note that '家出' can also imply a temporary departure, not necessarily permanent.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2394

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Improvement

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '向上 (こうじょう)' means 'improvement' or 'advancement'. It refers to the act of making something better or enhancing its quality, often used in contexts related to skills, performance, or conditions. For example: improvement in skills「スキルの向上」(スキルのこうじょう). The company is aiming for improvement in productivity「会社は生産性の向上を目指している」(かいしゃはせいさんせいのこうじょうをめざしている). This term is commonly used in both personal and professional settings to describe progress or development.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2424

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Start

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'スタート (sutaato)' means 'start' and is derived from the English word 'start'. It is commonly used in contexts related to beginning an activity, event, or process. For example: the race starts at 9 AM「レースは9時にスタートします」(れーすはくじにすたーとします). Let's start the meeting「会議をスタートしましょう」(かいぎをすたーとしましょう). This word is often used in formal or casual settings and can be applied to both physical and abstract beginnings. It is important to note that 'スタート' is typically used as a noun or verbal noun, often paired with the verb 'する' to indicate the action of starting.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2439

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Set

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'セット (setto)' means 'set'. It is used to describe the act of arranging or preparing something in a specific way, often in contexts like setting up equipment, arranging items, or preparing a scene. For example: I set the table「テーブルをセットした」(てーぶるをせっとした). The stage was set for the performance「舞台がセットされた」(ぶたいがせっとされた). This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts, and it can also refer to a set of items, such as a 'set of tools' (ツールのセット, つーるのせっと).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2450

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Increase, Upload

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'アップ (appu)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'upload', commonly used in the context of digital media, such as uploading photos or videos to the internet. For example: I uploaded the photo「写真をアップした」(しゃしんをアップした). The second meaning is 'increase', often used in contexts like raising prices or improving performance. For example: The company increased the price「会社は価格をアップした」(かいしゃはかかくをアップした). It's important to note that 'アップ' is a loanword from English, and its usage is prevalent in modern Japanese, especially in technology and business contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2460

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eating out

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '外食 (がいしょく)' refers to the act of eating out or dining outside the home, typically at restaurants, cafes, or other food establishments. It is commonly used to describe the practice of consuming meals prepared by others rather than cooking at home. For example: I often eat out「私はよく外食します」(わたしはよくがいしょくします). Eating out is convenient「外食は便利です」(がいしょくはべんりです). This term is often used in contexts discussing lifestyle, convenience, or dietary habits.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2462

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Draft

Reading

Kanji

下Down 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下書き (したがき)' refers to a preliminary version of a written work, such as an essay, letter, or drawing. It is used to describe the initial sketch or outline before the final version is completed. For example: I wrote a draft of my essay「私はエッセイの下書きを書いた」(わたしはエッセイのしたがきをかいた). Please review this draft「この下書きを確認してください」(このしたがきをかくにんしてください). The term emphasizes the preparatory nature of the work, often implying that revisions or improvements will follow.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2474

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opening

Reading

Kanji

開Open 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '開会 (かいかい)' refers to the act of opening or commencing a meeting, conference, or event. It is commonly used in formal contexts to denote the start of organized gatherings. For example: The opening of the conference will be at 10 AM「開会は午前10時です」(かいかい は ごぜん じゅうじ です). The chairman declared the meeting open「議長が開会を宣言しました」(ぎちょう が かいかい を せんげん しました). This term is often paired with words like 'ceremony' or 'speech' to specify the nature of the opening event, such as '開会式 (かいかいしき) (opening ceremony)' or '開会の挨拶 (かいかい の あいさつ) (opening speech).'

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2478

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finishing

Reading

Kanji

仕Serve 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '仕上げ (しあげ)' refers to the act of finishing or completing something, often implying the final touches or last steps in a process. It is commonly used in contexts like crafting, construction, or any task that requires a final stage of refinement. For example: The finishing of the painting took hours「絵の仕上げに何時間もかかった」(えのしあげになんじかんもかかった). He is putting the finishing touches on the project「彼はプロジェクトの仕上げをしている」(かれはぷろじぇくとのしあげをしている). This term emphasizes the completion and refinement aspect of a task.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2488

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance, Participation

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出場 (しゅつじょう)' refers to the act of participating or appearing in an event, competition, or performance. It is commonly used in contexts such as sports, contests, or public events. For example: He will participate in the marathon「彼はマラソンに出場する」(かれはマラソンにしゅつじょうする). She made her first appearance in the national competition「彼女は全国大会に初出場した」(かのじょはぜんこくたいかいにはつしゅつじょうした). The word emphasizes the act of being present or taking part in a formal or organized setting.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2497

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alighting

Reading

Kanji

下Down 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下車 (げしゃ)' means 'alighting' or 'getting off' a vehicle, such as a train, bus, or car. It is commonly used in transportation contexts, particularly in announcements or signs. For example: Please get off at the next station「次の駅で下車してください」(つぎのえきでげしゃしてください). This term is often paired with '乗車 (じょうしゃ)' (boarding) to describe the complete process of getting on and off a vehicle. Another example: Alighting is prohibited here「ここでは下車禁止です」(ここではげしゃきんしです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Traffic, Transportation

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '交通 (こうつう)' primarily refers to 'traffic' or 'transportation'. It is used to describe the movement of vehicles, people, or goods from one place to another. This term is often used in contexts related to roads, public transport, and commuting. For example: The traffic is heavy today「今日は交通が混んでいる」(きょうはこうつうがこんでいる). Public transportation is convenient in this city「この街では交通が便利だ」(このまちではこうつうがべんりだ). The word can also be used in compound terms like '交通事故 (こうつうじこ)' (traffic accident) or '交通機関 (こうつうきかん)' (transportation system).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2507

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Signal

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 図Map

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '合図 (あいず)' means 'signal'. It refers to a gesture, sound, or action used to communicate a message or instruction. This word is commonly used in situations where non-verbal communication is necessary, such as in sports, traffic, or coordination between people. For example: He gave the signal to start「彼は始める合図をした」(かれははじめるあいずをした). The traffic light is a signal for cars「信号は車のための合図です」(しんごうはくるまのためのあいずです). Note that '合図' can also imply a prearranged sign or cue, often used in collaborative or synchronized activities.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2519

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stop

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ストップ (sutoppu)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'stop'. It is commonly used in various contexts to indicate the cessation of an action or movement. For example: Please stop the car「車をストップしてください」(くるまをストップしてください). The train came to a stop「電車がストップしました」(でんしゃがストップしました). This word is often used in both formal and informal settings, and it can be combined with other verbs to form compound expressions, such as 'ストップする (sutoppu suru)' which means 'to stop'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2528

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Departure

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出国 (しゅっこく)' means 'departure' in the context of leaving a country. It is commonly used in situations involving travel, immigration, or legal processes related to exiting a country. For example: His departure from Japan was sudden「彼の日本からの出国は突然だった」(かれのにほんからのしゅっこくはとつぜんだった). You must complete the departure procedures「出国手続きを完了しなければならない」(しゅっこくてつづきをかんりょうしなければならない). This term is often used in formal or official contexts, such as at airports or immigration offices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Care

Reading

Kanji

世World, Generation 話Talk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '世話 (せわ)' primarily means 'care' or 'looking after'. It is commonly used to describe the act of taking care of someone or something, such as a person, animal, or even a task. It can also imply assistance or help in a broader sense. For example: Thank you for taking care of my dog「私の犬の世話をしてくれてありがとう」(わたしのいぬのせわをしてくれてありがとう). She is busy taking care of her children「彼女は子供の世話で忙しい」(かのじょはこどものせわでいそがしい). The word can also be used in idiomatic expressions like '世話になる (せわになる)', which means 'to be indebted to someone' or 'to receive help'. For instance: I am indebted to him「彼には世話になっています」(かれにはせわになっています).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2547

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Success

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 世World, Generation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出世 (しゅっせ)' refers to 'success' in terms of career advancement or rising in social status. It is often used to describe someone achieving a high position in their profession or society. For example: He achieved great success in his career「彼は出世した」(かれはしゅっせした). She is aiming for success in the company「彼女は会社で出世を目指している」(かのじょはかいしゃでしゅっせをめざしている). The word carries a connotation of climbing the social or professional ladder, and it is commonly used in business or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2550

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Use

Reading

Kanji

使Use 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '使用 (しよう)' means 'use'. It refers to the act of utilizing something for a specific purpose. This word is commonly used in formal or technical contexts, such as instructions, manuals, or official documents. For example: Please use this tool「この道具を使用してください」(このどうぐをしようしてください). The use of this machine is prohibited「この機械の使用は禁止されています」(このきかいのしようはきんしされています). Note that '使用' is often paired with verbs like 'する' to form phrases like '使用する (しようする)', which means 'to use'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2580

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effect, Action

Reading

Kanji

作Make 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '作用 (さよう)' refers to the 'effect' or 'action' of something, often in a scientific, medical, or abstract context. It describes the influence or operation of one thing on another, such as the effect of a drug or the action of a force. For example: the effect of the medicine is strong「薬の作用は強い」(くすりのさようはつよい). The action of gravity is constant「重力の作用は一定だ」(じゅうりょくのさようはいちだい). This word is commonly used in technical or formal contexts to describe cause-and-effect relationships.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2582

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consumption

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 費Expense

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '消費 (しょうひ)' means 'consumption'. It refers to the act of using up resources, goods, or services. This term is commonly used in economic contexts to describe the use of goods and services by households, but it can also refer to the consumption of energy, time, or other resources. For example: energy consumption「エネルギー消費」(えねるぎーしょうひ). The consumption of goods has increased「商品の消費が増えた」(しょうひんのしょうひがふえた). It's important to note that '消費' can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the consumption of time or effort.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2596

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Business

Reading

Kanji

商Trade, Deal 売Sell

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '商売 (しょうばい)' refers to the act of conducting business or trade. It is commonly used to describe commercial activities, such as selling goods or services. This word can also imply a profession or occupation that involves buying and selling. For example: His business is thriving「彼の商売は繁盛している」(かれのしょうばいははんじょうしている). She runs a small business「彼女は小さな商売をしている」(かのじょはちいさなしょうばいをしている). The term can also carry nuances of livelihood or means of earning a living, as in '商売がうまくいかない (しょうばいがうまくいかない) (business is not going well).'

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2607

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance, Posture

Reading

Kanji

格Status 好Like, Fond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '格好 (かっこう)' primarily refers to 'appearance' or 'posture'. It is used to describe the way something or someone looks, their style, or their physical stance. For example: His appearance is cool「彼の格好がかっこいい」(かれのかっこうがかっこいい). She has a good posture「彼女は格好がいい」(かのじょはかっこうがいい). The word can also be used in contexts like '格好をつける (かっこうをつける)', which means 'to put on airs' or 'to act in a certain way to impress others'. It is a versatile term often used in both casual and formal settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2629

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advertisement

Reading

Kanji

広Wide 告Announce

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '広告 (こうこく)' means 'advertisement'. It refers to a notice or announcement promoting a product, service, or event. This word is commonly used in contexts related to marketing, media, and business. For example: I saw an advertisement on TV「テレビで広告を見た」(テレビでこうこくをみた). The company placed an advertisement in the newspaper「会社は新聞に広告を出した」(かいしゃはしんぶんにこうこくをだした). '広告' can also be used in compound words like '広告費 (こうこくひ)' (advertising expenses) or '広告代理店 (こうこくだいりてん)' (advertising agency).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2653

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cover

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'カバー (かばー)' means 'cover'. It is used in various contexts, such as covering a song (performing a version of a song originally performed by someone else), covering an object (placing something over it), or providing coverage (as in insurance or media). For example: She covered the famous song「彼女は有名な曲をカバーした」(かのじょはゆうめいなきょくをかばーした). Please cover the furniture with a sheet「家具をシートでカバーしてください」(かぐをしーとでかばーしてください). The insurance covers all damages「保険はすべての損害をカバーします」(ほけんはすべてのそんがいをかばーします).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2657

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decision, Resolution

Reading

Kanji

決Decide 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '決心 (けっしん)' refers to a firm decision or resolution to do something. It implies a strong determination or commitment to a course of action. This word is often used in contexts where someone has made up their mind after careful consideration. For example: I made a decision to study abroad「留学する決心をした」(りゅうがくするけっしんをした). His resolution to quit smoking is strong「彼の禁煙の決心は固い」(かれのきんえんのけっしんはかたい). Note that '決心' is commonly used in formal or serious situations, and it often conveys a sense of finality and determination.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2680

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Urine, Urination

Reading

Kanji

小Small 便Convenience

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '小便 (しょうべん)' primarily refers to 'urine' or the act of 'urination'. It is a colloquial term and is often used in informal contexts. For example: I need to urinate「小便がしたい」(しょうべんがしたい). There is urine on the floor「床に小便がある」(ゆかにしょうべんがある). It is important to note that this term is considered casual and may be inappropriate in formal settings. In such cases, more polite terms like 'お手洗い (おてあらい)' or 'トイレ' are preferred.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2693

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interview

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'インタビュー (intabyuu)' means 'interview'. It refers to a formal conversation where one person asks questions and another provides answers, often used in journalism, research, or job settings. This word is borrowed from English and is commonly used in both professional and casual contexts. For example: I had an interview today「今日はインタビューがありました」(きょうはインタビューがありました). She gave an interview to the newspaper「彼女は新聞にインタビューをしました」(かのじょはしんぶんにインタビューをしました). Note that 'インタビュー' can also function as a verb when combined with 'する', as in 'インタビューする (intabyuu suru)', meaning 'to interview'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2695

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Division, Classification

Reading

Kanji

区District 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '区分 (くぶん)' refers to the act of dividing or classifying something into distinct categories or sections. It is often used in contexts where organization or categorization is required, such as in administrative, academic, or logistical settings. For example: The books are divided by genre「本はジャンルで区分されています」(ほんはじゃんるでくぶんされています). We need to classify these documents「これらの書類を区分する必要があります」(これらのしょるいをくぶんするひつようがあります). Note that '区分' can also imply a systematic or logical separation, making it distinct from more casual terms like '分ける (わける)' which simply means 'to divide'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2715

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shipment

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 荷Baggage

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出荷 (しゅっか)' refers to the act of shipping goods or products from a manufacturer or warehouse to a customer or retailer. It is commonly used in business and logistics contexts. For example: The shipment of the products will be delayed「製品の出荷が遅れます」(せいひんのしゅっかがおくれます). We completed the shipment of the order「注文の出荷を完了しました」(ちゅうもんのしゅっかをかんりょうしました). The term is often used in phrases like '出荷日 (しゅっかび)' (shipment date) or '出荷量 (しゅっかりょう)' (shipment volume).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2721

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meeting

Reading

Kanji

打Hit 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '打ち合わせ (うちあわせ)' refers to a meeting or discussion, typically held to coordinate or plan something in advance. It is often used in professional or organizational contexts to describe a preparatory meeting where details are ironed out. For example: We had a meeting to discuss the project「プロジェクトについて打ち合わせをしました」(ぷろじぇくとについてうちあわせをしました). Let's have a quick meeting before the presentation「プレゼンの前に打ち合わせをしましょう」(ぷれぜんのまえにうちあわせをしましょう). The term emphasizes the collaborative and preparatory nature of the meeting, rather than a formal or large-scale gathering.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2759

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Childbirth

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出産 (しゅっさん)' refers to the act of giving birth or childbirth. It is commonly used in medical, formal, or everyday contexts when discussing the process of delivering a baby. For example: She is preparing for childbirth「彼女は出産の準備をしている」(かのじょはしゅっさんのじゅんびをしている). The hospital specializes in childbirth「その病院は出産に特化している」(そのびょういんはしゅっさんにとっかしている). This term is neutral and can be used in both positive and challenging contexts related to childbirth.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2798

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conjugation

Reading

Kanji

活Lively 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '活用 (かつよう)' refers to the grammatical concept of 'conjugation'. It is used to describe the inflection or modification of verbs and adjectives to express different grammatical functions such as tense, mood, voice, and politeness level. For example: studying verb conjugation is important「動詞の活用を勉強することは大切です」(どうしのかつようをべんきょうすることはたいせつです). This adjective has a complex conjugation「この形容詞は活用が複雑です」(このけいようしはかつようがふくざつです). '活用' can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'utilization' or 'effective use', but in the context of grammar, it specifically refers to conjugation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2802

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cut

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'カット (katto)' means 'cut'. It is used in various contexts, such as cutting hair, cutting film, or cutting costs. For example: I got a haircut「カットをしてもらった」(かっとをしてもらった). They cut the scene from the movie「そのシーンをカットした」(そのシーンをかっとした). The word is often used in both everyday and professional settings, and it can also refer to the act of removing or omitting something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2807

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leave

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休学 (きゅうがく)' refers to taking a temporary leave of absence from school or university. This term is commonly used when a student needs to pause their studies for personal, health, or other reasons, with the intention of returning later. For example: I took a leave of absence from university「大学を休学しました」(だいがくをきゅうがくしました). She is on a leave of absence due to illness「彼女は病気で休学中です」(かのじょはびょうきできゅうがくちゅうです). It is important to note that '休学' implies a formal process and is distinct from simply skipping classes or dropping out.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2820

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Control

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 御Honorable, General honorific term

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '制御 (せいぎょ)' means 'control'. It refers to the act of managing, regulating, or directing something, often used in technical, mechanical, or abstract contexts. For example: controlling the temperature「温度を制御する」(おんどをせいぎょする). The system controls the flow of water「システムが水の流れを制御する」(システムがみずのながれをせいぎょする). This word is commonly used in engineering, computing, and everyday situations where regulation or management is required.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2827

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compulsion, Enforcement

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 制System, Control

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '強制 (きょうせい)' refers to the act of compelling or enforcing something, often against someone's will. It is commonly used in contexts where authority or rules are imposed on individuals or groups. For example: The government enforced new regulations「政府は新しい規制を強制した」(せいふはあたらしいきせいをきょうせいした). Compulsory education is enforced by law「義務教育は法律で強制されている」(ぎむきょういくはほうりつできょうせいされている). Note that '強制' carries a nuance of obligation or lack of choice, and it is often used in formal or legal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2830

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quote

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '引用 (いんよう)' means 'quote' or 'citation'. It refers to the act of quoting or citing a text, speech, or other source. This term is commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts when referencing someone else's words or ideas. For example: I quoted a famous author「有名な作家を引用した」(ゆうめいなさっかをいんようした). Please cite the source properly「出典を適切に引用してください」(しゅってきをてきせつにいんようしてください). The nuance of '引用' emphasizes the act of borrowing or referencing, often to support an argument or provide evidence.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2845

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Learning

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 習Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '学習 (がくしゅう)' refers to the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, or understanding through study, experience, or teaching. It is often used in educational contexts and can apply to both formal and informal learning. For example: Learning is important「学習は大切です」(がくしゅうはたいせつです). He is learning Japanese「彼は日本語を学習しています」(かれはにほんごをがくしゅうしています). This term is commonly used in phrases like '学習方法 (がくしゅうほうほう)' (learning method) or '学習環境 (がくしゅうかんきょう)' (learning environment).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2847

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Match

Reading

Kanji

試Try, Attempt 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '試合 (しあい)' refers to a 'match' or 'game', typically in the context of sports or competitions. It is used to describe a formal contest between individuals or teams. For example: I watched a soccer match「サッカーの試合を見た」(サッカーのしあいをみた). Tomorrow there is a tennis match「明日テニスの試合がある」(あしたテニスのしあいがある). The word is commonly used in sports-related contexts and can be applied to various types of competitive events.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2848

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exam, Application

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 験Test

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '受験 (じゅけん)' primarily refers to taking an entrance examination or applying for admission to a school or institution. It is commonly used in the context of academic or professional testing. For example: I will take the university entrance exam「大学の受験をする」(だいがくのじゅけんをする). She is applying for the job「彼女はその仕事に受験している」(かのじょはそのしごとにじゅけんしている). Note that while 'exam' is the most common meaning, 'application' can also be a valid interpretation depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2849

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Learning, Scholarship

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 問Question, Problem

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '学問 (がくもん)' refers to the pursuit of knowledge, academic study, or scholarship. It encompasses both the act of learning and the body of knowledge acquired through study. This term is often used in formal or academic contexts to describe scholarly activities or disciplines. For example: He devoted his life to scholarship「彼は学問に一生を捧げた」(かれはがくもんにいっしょうをささげた). Learning is important for personal growth「学問は個人の成長にとって重要だ」(がくもんはこじんのせいちょうにとってじゅうようだ). Note that '学問' can also imply a systematic or rigorous approach to studying, distinguishing it from casual learning.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2858

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Match, Contest

Reading

Kanji

勝Victory 負Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '勝負 (しょうぶ)' refers to a match, game, or contest where there is a clear winner and loser. It is often used in the context of sports, games, or competitions, but can also be applied to any situation where there is a decisive outcome. For example: The match starts now「勝負はこれからだ」(しょうぶはこれからだ). He is good at contests「彼は勝負強い」(かれはしょうぶづよい). The word can also imply a sense of challenge or confrontation, as in 'to take on a challenge' or 'to face off against someone.'

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2878

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regulation

Reading

Kanji

規Standard, Regulation 制System, Control

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '規制 (きせい)' refers to 'regulation' or 'control'. It is commonly used in contexts involving rules, restrictions, or measures imposed by authorities to manage or limit certain activities. For example: The government imposed new regulations「政府は新しい規制を設けた」(せいふはあたらしいきせいをもうけた). There are strict regulations on this product「この製品には厳しい規制がある」(このせいひんにはきびしいきせいがある). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as environmental regulations or financial controls, and often carries a formal or official tone.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2886

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Coach

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'コーチ (こうち)' is borrowed from the English word 'coach'. It refers to a person who trains or instructs individuals or teams, particularly in sports, but it can also be used in other contexts such as life coaching or professional development. For example: He is a soccer coach「彼はサッカーのコーチです」(かれはサッカーのコーチです). She hired a coach to improve her public speaking skills「彼女はスピーチのスキルを向上させるためにコーチを雇いました」(かのじょはスピーチのスキルをこうじょうさせるためにコーチをやといました). The term is widely understood in Japanese and retains its original English meaning.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2890

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Business

Reading

Kanji

営Manage 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '営業 (えいぎょう)' primarily means 'business' or 'sales'. It refers to the activities involved in running a business, particularly those related to selling products or services. This term is often used in contexts such as business operations, sales strategies, or customer service. For example: The store is open for business「店は営業中です」(みせはえいぎょうちゅうです). Our company's sales are increasing「うちの会社の営業が伸びています」(うちのかいしゃのえいぎょうがのびています). It's important to note that '営業' can also refer to the act of soliciting or promoting business, as in '営業活動 (えいぎょうかつどう) (sales activities)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2899

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Closure, Suspension

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休業 (きゅうぎょう)' refers to the temporary or permanent cessation of business operations. It can be used to describe a business or establishment that is closed for a period of time, either due to holidays, maintenance, or other reasons. For example: The store is closed today「今日は休業です」(きょうはきゅうぎょうです). The factory will suspend operations next week「来週工場は休業します」(らいしゅうこうじょうはきゅうぎょうします). Note that '休業' is often used in formal or business contexts and can imply a planned or scheduled closure, as opposed to an unexpected shutdown.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2900

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Production

Reading

Kanji

製Manufacture 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '製作 (せいさく)' refers to the act of producing or manufacturing something, often used in contexts involving creative or industrial processes. It can apply to the production of goods, films, art, or other tangible or intangible items. For example: the production of a movie「映画の製作」(えいがのせいさく). This company specializes in the production of furniture「この会社は家具の製作を専門としています」(このかいしゃはかぐのせいさくをせんもんとしています). The word emphasizes the process of creating or making something, often with a focus on craftsmanship or detailed work.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2907

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advice

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'アドバイス (adobaisu)' means 'advice'. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts. This word is often used when someone is giving or receiving guidance or suggestions. For example: I received good advice「良いアドバイスをもらった」(よいアドバイスをもらった). Can you give me some advice?「アドバイスをくれますか？」(アドバイスをくれますか？). It is important to note that 'アドバイス' is typically used in situations where the advice is practical or actionable, rather than abstract or philosophical.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2909

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recruitment

Reading

Kanji

求Request, Seek 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '求人 (きゅうじん)' refers to the act of recruiting or seeking employees. It is commonly used in contexts related to job postings, hiring, and employment opportunities. For example: The company is recruiting new employees「会社は新しい従業員を求人しています」(かいしゃはあたらしいじゅうぎょういんをきゅうじんしています). I found a recruitment ad in the newspaper「新聞に求人広告を見つけました」(しんぶんにきゅうじんこうこくをみつけました). This term is often seen in job-related contexts, such as '求人情報 (きゅうじんじょうほう)' (recruitment information) or '求人サイト (きゅうじんサイト)' (job recruitment site).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2913

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Total

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '合計 (ごうけい)' means 'total'. It refers to the sum or aggregate amount of something, often used in contexts involving numbers, quantities, or calculations. For example: the total amount is 500 yen「合計は500円です」(ごうけいは500えんです). Let's calculate the total「合計を計算しましょう」(ごうけいをけいさんしましょう). This word is commonly used in financial, mathematical, or everyday contexts to indicate the combined result of adding multiple items or values together.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2920

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overtime

Reading

Kanji

残Remainder 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '残業 (ざんぎょう)' refers to 'overtime work'. It is commonly used in workplace contexts to describe working beyond regular working hours. This term is often associated with the demanding work culture in Japan, where employees may frequently work late. For example: I have to do overtime today「今日は残業しなければならない」(きょうはざんぎょうしなければならない). He often works overtime「彼はよく残業する」(かれはよくざんぎょうする). The term can also be used in phrases like '残業代 (ざんぎょうだい)', which means 'overtime pay'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2939

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Support

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 持Hold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '支持 (しじ)' means 'support'. It is commonly used to express backing, endorsement, or approval for a person, idea, organization, or policy. This word is often used in political, social, or professional contexts. For example: I support this policy「この政策を支持します」(このせいさくをしじします). The candidate gained public support「その候補者は国民の支持を得た」(そのこうほしゃはこくみんのしじをえた). Note that '支持' can also imply a sense of reliance or dependence, as in 'the support of a structure' or 'the support of a family'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2946

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expenditure

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '支出 (ししゅつ)' refers to the act of spending money or the amount of money spent. It is commonly used in financial contexts to describe expenses or outlays. For example: The company's expenditure increased「会社の支出が増えた」(かいしゃのししゅつがふえた). We need to reduce our monthly expenditure「私たちは毎月の支出を減らす必要がある」(わたしたちはまいつきのししゅつをへらすひつようがある). This term is often used in discussions about budgeting, accounting, and financial planning.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2947

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Control, Domination

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 配Distribute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '支配 (しはい)' primarily means 'control' or 'domination'. It refers to the act of exercising authority or influence over others, often in a hierarchical or authoritative context. This word is commonly used in political, social, or organizational settings. For example: The king ruled with absolute control「王は絶対的な支配を持っていた」(おうはぜったいてきなしはいをもっていた). The company dominates the market「その会社は市場を支配している」(そのかいしゃはしじょうをしはいしている). Note that '支配' can also imply a sense of subjugation or oppression, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2949

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Preparation

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '支度 (したく)' refers to the act of preparing or getting ready for something. It is commonly used in contexts where someone is preparing for an event, trip, or daily activities. For example: I need to prepare for the trip「旅行の支度をしなければならない」(りょこうのしたくをしなければならない). She is getting ready for work「彼女は仕事の支度をしている」(かのじょはしごとのしたくをしている). The word often implies a sense of readiness or arranging things in advance. It can also be used in a more general sense, such as preparing a meal「食事の支度をする」(しょくじのしたくをする).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2953

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Payment

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 払Pay, Drive away

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '支払い (しはらい)' means 'payment'. It refers to the act of paying money for goods, services, or debts. This word is commonly used in financial, business, and everyday contexts. For example: I made the payment yesterday「昨日、支払いをしました」(きのう、しはらいをしました). The payment is due next week「支払いは来週です」(しはらいはらいしゅうです). It can also be used in compound words like '支払い方法 (しはらいほうほう)' (payment method) or '支払い期限 (しはらいきげん)' (payment deadline).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2955

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Debt

Reading

Kanji

借Borrow, Rent 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '借金 (しゃっきん)' means 'debt'. It refers to money that is borrowed and must be repaid, often with interest. This term is commonly used in financial contexts, such as personal loans, mortgages, or business debts. For example: I have a lot of debt「私は借金が多い」(わたしはしゃっきんがおおい). He paid off his debt「彼は借金を返した」(かれはしゃっきんをかえした). The word can also imply a sense of obligation or burden, as in '借金を抱える (しゃっきんをかかえる)' (to be saddled with debt).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2960

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lending

Reading

Kanji

貸Lend, Loan 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '貸し出し (かしだし)' refers to the act of lending or loaning something, typically items like books, tools, or equipment. It is commonly used in contexts such as libraries or rental services. For example: The library allows lending of books「図書館は本の貸し出しを許可しています」(としょかんはほんのかしだしをきょかしています). This shop offers tool lending「この店は工具の貸し出しをしています」(このみせはこうぐのかしだしをしています). The term emphasizes the temporary transfer of items from one party to another.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2965

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

申Report 請Request

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '申請 (しんせい)' means 'application' and refers to the act of formally requesting or applying for something, such as a permit, license, or approval. It is commonly used in administrative, legal, or bureaucratic contexts. For example: I submitted an application for a visa「ビザの申請を提出しました」(びざのしんせいをていしゅつしました). The company filed an application for a patent「会社は特許の申請を出しました」(かいしゃはとっきょのしんせいをだしました). Note that '申請' is often paired with verbs like する (to do) or 提出する (to submit) to indicate the action of applying.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2966

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Restriction

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '制限 (せいげん)' means 'restriction'. It refers to a limitation or control placed on something, such as actions, quantities, or conditions. This word is often used in contexts involving rules, regulations, or boundaries. For example: There is a restriction on the number of participants「参加者数に制限があります」(さんかしゃすうにせいげんがあります). Speed restrictions are enforced on this road「この道路では速度制限が実施されています」(このどうろではそくどせいげんがじっしされています). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as time restrictions or resource limitations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2984

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stability

Reading

Kanji

安Cheap, Relax 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '安定 (あんてい)' means 'stability'. It refers to a state of being steady, balanced, or unchanging. This word is often used in contexts such as economics, emotions, or physical objects. For example: The economy has achieved stability「経済は安定を達成した」(けいざいはあんていをたっせいした). Her emotional stability is impressive「彼女の感情の安定は印象的だ」(かのじょのかんじょうのあんていはいんしょうてきだ). The chair has good stability「その椅子は安定性が良い」(そのいすはあんていせいがよい).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3014

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regulation

Reading

Kanji

規Standard, Regulation 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '規定 (きてい)' refers to a rule, regulation, or provision that is formally established. It is often used in legal, organizational, or institutional contexts to describe guidelines or standards that must be followed. For example: The company follows strict regulations「会社は厳しい規定に従います」(かいしゃはきびしいきていにしたがいます). This law includes new provisions「この法律には新しい規定が含まれています」(このほうりつにはあたらしいきていがふくまれています). The word can also imply something that is predetermined or fixed, such as in '規定の時間 (きていのじかん) (fixed time)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3015

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Designation

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '指定 (してい)' means 'designation' or 'specification'. It refers to the act of assigning or specifying something, such as a place, time, or condition. It is commonly used in formal or administrative contexts. For example: The designated meeting place is here「指定された集合場所はここです」(していされたしゅうごうばしょはここです). Please specify the time「時間を指定してください」(じかんをしていしてください). This term is often used in legal, technical, or official settings to indicate a specific requirement or assignment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3018

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Worsening

Reading

Kanji

悪Evil 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '悪化 (あっか)' means 'worsening' or 'deterioration'. It is used to describe a situation, condition, or state that is becoming worse over time. This word is often used in contexts such as health, relationships, or environmental conditions. For example: The patient's condition is worsening「患者の状態が悪化している」(かんじゃのじょうたいがあっかしている). The economic situation is deteriorating「経済状況が悪化している」(けいざいじょうきょうがあっかしている). Note that '悪化' is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the act of worsening, as in '悪化する (あっかする)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3022

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Digestion

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '消化 (しょうか)' primarily means 'digestion'. It refers to the process by which food is broken down in the body to be absorbed and used for energy. This term is commonly used in both medical and everyday contexts. For example: Good digestion is important for health「消化が良いことは健康に重要です」(しょうかがよいことはけんこうにじゅうようです). This medicine aids digestion「この薬は消化を助けます」(このくすりはしょうかをたすけます). Additionally, '消化' can also metaphorically refer to the process of understanding or assimilating information, though this usage is less common. For example: It takes time to digest all this information「この情報を全て消化するには時間がかかります」(このじょうほうをすべてしょうかするにはじかんがかかります).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3024

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sudden increase

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent 増Increase

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '急増 (きゅうぞう)' means 'sudden increase'. It is used to describe a rapid or abrupt rise in quantity, number, or intensity. This term is often used in contexts such as population growth, economic data, or environmental changes. For example: The population has suddenly increased「人口が急増した」(じんこうがきゅうぞうした). There was a sudden increase in demand「需要が急増した」(じゅようがきゅうぞうした). Note that '急増' is typically used in formal or written contexts and is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of increasing.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3029

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decrease

Reading

Kanji

減Decrease 少Few

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '減少 (げんしょう)' means 'decrease'. It refers to a reduction in quantity, size, or intensity of something. This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as economics, population studies, or scientific reports. For example: the population decrease is concerning「人口の減少が心配だ」(じんこうのげんしょうがしんぱいだ). The decrease in sales was significant「売上の減少は大きかった」(うりあげのげんしょうはおおきかった). Note that '減少' is typically used as a noun but can also function as a verbal noun in sentences like '減少する (to decrease)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3030

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boarding

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乗車 (じょうしゃ)' means 'boarding' and refers to the act of getting on or into a vehicle, such as a train, bus, or car. It is commonly used in contexts related to transportation. For example: Please wait for boarding「乗車をお待ちください」(じょうしゃをおまちください). Boarding time is 10 minutes before departure「乗車時間は出発10分前です」(じょうしゃじかんはしゅっぱつじゅっぷんまえです). This word is often seen on signs or announcements in stations or airports.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3034

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Operation

Reading

Kanji

運Fortune 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '運用 (うんよう)' refers to the act of operating, managing, or utilizing something, often in a systematic or strategic way. It is commonly used in contexts related to business, finance, technology, or systems management. For example: The operation of the new system is going smoothly「新しいシステムの運用は順調です」(あたらしいシステムのうんようはじゅんちょうです). Proper management of funds is essential「資金の適切な運用が重要です」(しきんのてきせつなうんようがじゅうようです). This term emphasizes the practical application and control of resources or systems.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3055

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Management

Reading

Kanji

運Fortune 営Manage

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '運営 (うんえい)' refers to the act of managing, operating, or running an organization, event, or system. It is commonly used in contexts involving the administration or coordination of activities, such as businesses, schools, or events. For example: The management of the company is excellent「その会社の運営は素晴らしい」(そのかいしゃのうんえいはすばらしい). We are responsible for the operation of the event「私たちはイベントの運営を担当しています」(わたしたちはイベントのうんえいをたんとうしています). This term emphasizes the organized and systematic handling of responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3057

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transport

Reading

Kanji

運Fortune 送Send

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '運送 (うんそう)' refers to the act of transporting goods or items from one place to another. It is commonly used in contexts related to logistics, shipping, and delivery services. For example: The company handles the transport of goods「その会社は運送を扱っています」(そのかいしゃはうんそうをあつかっています). The transport fee is included in the price「運送料は価格に含まれています」(うんそうりょうはかかくにふくまれています). This term is often used in business and commercial settings to describe the movement of products or materials.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3062

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rotation

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times 転Revolve

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '回転 (かいてん)' primarily means 'rotation'. It refers to the act of turning or revolving around an axis. This term is commonly used in both physical and abstract contexts, such as the rotation of objects, wheels, or even in business to describe turnover rates. For example: The Earth's rotation is constant「地球の回転は一定です」(ちきゅうのかいてんはいっていです). The company aims to increase its sales rotation「会社は売上の回転を増やすことを目指しています」(かいしゃはうりあげのかいてんをふやすことをめざしています). In physics, it can describe the rotational motion of objects, and in everyday language, it might be used to describe the spinning of a top or the turning of a steering wheel.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3063

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relocation

Reading

Kanji

移Move, Transfer 転Revolve

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '移転 (いてん)' means 'relocation'. It refers to the act of moving or transferring something, such as a business, office, or residence, from one place to another. This term is commonly used in formal or business contexts. For example: The company's relocation was completed「会社の移転が完了した」(かいしゃのいてんがかんりょうした). The office relocation will start next month「オフィスの移転は来月から始まる」(オフィスのいてんはらいげつからはじまる). Note that '移転' can also imply a change in location for abstract concepts, such as the transfer of rights or responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3070

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Movement, Relocation

Reading

Kanji

移Move, Transfer 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '移動 (いどう)' primarily means 'movement' or 'relocation'. It refers to the act of moving from one place to another, whether it's physical movement or the transfer of something. This word is commonly used in contexts involving travel, transportation, or changing locations. For example: The movement of people is restricted「人々の移動は制限されている」(ひとびとのいどうはせいげんされている). We are relocating the office to a new building「オフィスを新しいビルに移動します」(オフィスをあたらしいビルにいどうします). Note that '移動' can also be used in abstract contexts, such as the movement of data or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3071

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Action

Reading

Kanji

行Go 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '行動 (こうどう)' means 'action' or 'behavior'. It refers to the act of doing something or the way someone behaves in a particular situation. This word is often used in contexts involving decision-making, movement, or conduct. For example: His actions speak louder than words「彼の行動は言葉よりも雄弁だ」(かれのこうどうはことばよりもゆうべんだ). We need to take action immediately「私たちはすぐに行動を起こす必要がある」(わたしたちはすぐにこうどうをおこすひつようがある). The word can also be used in compound forms, such as '行動力 (こうどうりょく)' (ability to take action) or '行動範囲 (こうどうはんい)' (range of action).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3073

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enrollment

Reading

Kanji

在Be, Exist 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '在学 (ざいがく)' refers to the state of being enrolled in an educational institution, such as a school or university. It is commonly used to describe someone who is currently studying at a particular institution. For example: He is enrolled at Tokyo University「彼は東京大学に在学している」(かれはとうきょうだいがくにざいがくしている). She is currently enrolled in high school「彼女は高校に在学中です」(かのじょはこうこうにざいがくちゅうです). The term is often used in formal contexts, such as on resumes or official documents, to indicate one's educational status.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3112

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jogging

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ジョギング' (jogingu) refers to the activity of jogging, which is a form of running at a slow or steady pace, typically for exercise or leisure. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in the context of physical fitness and health. For example: I go jogging every morning「毎朝ジョギングをします」(まいあさジョギングをします). Jogging is good for your health「ジョギングは健康に良いです」(ジョギングはけんこうにいいです). The term is widely understood in Japan and is often associated with outdoor exercise routines.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3116

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Training

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 習Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '実習 (じっしゅう)' refers to practical training or hands-on practice, often in an educational or professional setting. It is commonly used in contexts where students or trainees apply theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios. For example: I will do training at a hospital「病院で実習をします」(びょういんでじっしゅうをします). The teacher observed the training session「先生が実習を見学しました」(せんせいがじっしゅうをけんがくしました). This term is frequently used in fields like medicine, education, and technical professions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3120

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Progress, Passage

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '経過 (けいか)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'passage', referring to the passing of time or the progression of events. For example: the passage of time「時間の経過」(じかんのけいか). The second meaning is 'progress', referring to the development or advancement of a situation or process. For example: the progress of the project「プロジェクトの経過」(ぷろじぇくとのけいか). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe the unfolding of events or the status of a process. Another example: the progress of the disease「病気の経過」(びょうきのけいか).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3127

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

On reading

Reading

Kanji

音Sound 読Read

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '音読み (おんよみ)' refers to the 'on-reading' or Chinese-derived reading of a kanji character. This reading is typically used in compound words and is derived from the original Chinese pronunciation of the character. For example: the on-reading of 水 is すい「水の音読みはすいです」(みずのおんよみはすいです). The on-reading of 山 is さん「山の音読みはさんです」(やまのおんよみはさんです). It's important to note that many kanji have multiple on-readings depending on the context in which they are used.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3141

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plan

Reading

Kanji

企Plan, Project 画Picture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '企画 (きかく)' means 'plan' or 'project'. It refers to the act of planning or organizing something, often used in business or creative contexts. For example: We are planning a new project「新しい企画を立てています」(あたらしいきかくをたてています). The event was well planned「そのイベントはよく企画されていた」(そのイベントはよくきかくされていた). This term is commonly used in professional settings to describe the process of developing ideas and strategies for future activities.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3154

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Approach

Reading

Kanji

接Contact, Touch 近Near

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '接近 (せっきん)' means 'approach'. It refers to the act of coming closer to something or someone, either physically or metaphorically. It can be used in various contexts, such as describing the approach of a person, an event, or even an abstract concept like danger. For example: The storm is approaching「嵐が接近している」(あらしがせっきんしている). He approached the problem carefully「彼はその問題に接近した」(かれはそのもんだいにせっきんした). This word is often used in formal or serious contexts, and it can imply a sense of urgency or importance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3178

Composition

kanji

Handwriting