word

Meaning

Composition

Reading

Kanji

作Make 曲Music, Bend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '作曲 (さっきょく)' refers to the act of composing music. It is used to describe the process of creating musical pieces, whether they are songs, symphonies, or other forms of music. This term is often used in contexts related to music production, education, and appreciation. For example: He is famous for his composition「彼は作曲で有名です」(かれはさっきょくでゆうめいです). I enjoy composing music in my free time「私は暇な時に作曲を楽しみます」(わたしはひまなときにさっきょくをたのしみます). The word can also be used in compound forms, such as '作曲家 (さっきょくか)' which means 'composer'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3185

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Common

Reading

Kanji

共Together 通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '共通 (きょうつう)' means 'common' or 'shared'. It is used to describe something that is mutual, shared, or applicable to multiple people, things, or situations. This word is often used in contexts where there is a shared characteristic, feature, or understanding. For example: We have common interests「私たちには共通の興味がある」(わたしたちにはきょうつうのきょうみがある). This problem is common to all「この問題はすべてに共通している」(このもんだいはすべてにきょうつうしている). Note that '共通' is frequently used in compound words, such as '共通点 (きょうつうてん)' (common point) or '共通語 (きょうつうご)' (common language).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3186

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooperation

Reading

Kanji

共Together 同Same

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '共同 (きょうどう)' means 'cooperation' or 'joint effort'. It refers to the act of working together with others towards a common goal. This term is often used in contexts such as business, research, or community projects where collaboration is essential. For example: We need cooperation to complete this project「このプロジェクトを完成させるには共同が必要です」(このプロジェクトをかんせいさせるにはきょうどうがひつようです). They are working on a joint research project「彼らは共同研究に取り組んでいます」(かれらはきょうどうけんきゅうにとりくんでいます). The term can also be used in compound words like '共同作業 (きょうどうさぎょう)' (collaborative work) or '共同責任 (きょうどうせきにん)' (joint responsibility).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3191

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Joint, Combination

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 同Same

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '合同 (ごうどう)' can mean 'joint' or 'combination', depending on the context. It is often used to describe activities, efforts, or events that involve multiple parties working together. For example: a joint project「合同プロジェクト」(ごうどうぷろじぇくと). It can also refer to the merging or combining of different elements, such as in mathematics or business. For example: the combination of two companies「二つの会社の合同」(ふたつのかいしゃのごうどう). Note that '合同' is commonly used in formal or organizational contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3192

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lodging

Reading

Kanji

下Down 宿Lodging

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下宿 (げしゅく)' refers to 'lodging' or 'boarding'. It typically describes a situation where someone rents a room in a private home, often including meals. This term is commonly used by students or workers who live away from their family homes. For example: I found a lodging near the university「大学の近くに下宿を見つけた」(だいがくのちかくにげしゅくをみつけた). She is staying at a lodging house「彼女は下宿に泊まっている」(かのじょはげしゅくにとまっている). The term emphasizes the temporary and rented nature of the accommodation, distinguishing it from owning or permanently residing in a place.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3200

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sign, Signature

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'サイン (sain)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'signature', referring to a person's handwritten name or mark used to confirm identity or agreement. For example: please write your signature here「ここにサインを書いてください」(ここにサインをかいてください). The second meaning is 'sign', often used in contexts like traffic signs or symbolic gestures. For example: the sign says 'stop'「そのサインは『止まれ』と言っています」(そのサインは『とまれ』といっています). Note that 'サイン' is a loanword from English, and its usage is common in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3206

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Engagement

Reading

Kanji

婚Marriage 約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '婚約 (こんやく)' refers to the state of being engaged to be married. It is used to describe the formal agreement or promise to marry someone. This term is often used in formal contexts, such as announcing an engagement or discussing marriage plans. For example: They announced their engagement「彼らは婚約を発表した」(かれらはこんやくをはっぴょうした). She broke off her engagement「彼女は婚約を解消した」(かのじょはこんやくをかいしょうした). The word can also be used in compound terms like '婚約指輪 (こんやくゆびわ)' (engagement ring).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3246

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Via

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 由Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '経由 (けいゆ)' means 'via' or 'by way of'. It is used to indicate the route or means through which something is done or achieved. This term is commonly used in contexts involving travel, communication, or processes. For example: I will go to Osaka via Kyoto「京都経由で大阪に行きます」(きょうとけいゆでおおさかにいきます). The package was sent via airmail「その小包は航空便経由で送られました」(そのこづつみはこうくうびんけいゆでおくられました). It can also be used metaphorically to describe indirect methods or channels.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3260

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trust, Credit

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '信用 (しんよう)' primarily means 'trust' or 'credit'. It refers to the belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something. It is often used in contexts involving relationships, business, or financial transactions. For example: I trust him「彼を信用しています」(かれをしんようしています). The company has good credit「その会社は信用が良い」(そのかいしゃはしんようがよい). Note that '信用' can also imply credibility or reputation, as in '信用を得る (しんようをえる)' (to gain trust/credibility).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3264

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trust

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 頼Ask, Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '信頼 (しんらい)' means 'trust'. It refers to a firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something. This word is often used in contexts involving relationships, teamwork, or reliability. For example: I trust my friend「私は友達を信頼している」(わたしはともだちをしんらいしている). Mutual trust is important in a team「チームでの相互信頼は大切です」(チームでのそうごしんらいはたいせつです). The word can also be used in formal or professional settings, such as '信頼関係 (しんらいかんけい)', which means 'relationship of trust'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3267

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Request

Reading

Kanji

依Reliant, Depend on 頼Ask, Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '依頼 (いらい)' means 'request'. It is used to refer to the act of asking someone to do something or to provide a service. This word is commonly used in formal or business contexts, such as when requesting a service from a company or asking someone to complete a task. For example: I made a request to the company「会社に依頼をしました」(かいしゃにいらいをしました). Please accept my request「私の依頼を受け入れてください」(わたしのいらいをうけいれてください). The word can also imply a sense of reliance or dependence on the person being asked, as in '彼に依頼する (かれにいらいする) (to rely on him)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3268

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Curve

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'カーブ (kaabu)' means 'curve'. It is used to describe a bend or a curved shape in roads, paths, or objects. This term is often used in contexts related to driving, sports (like baseball or skiing), or design. For example: The road has a sharp curve「その道路には急なカーブがある」(そのどうろにはきゅうなカーブがある). The pitcher threw a curveball「ピッチャーはカーブを投げた」(ピッチャーはカーブをなげた). Note that 'カーブ' can also refer to a type of pitch in baseball, where the ball curves as it approaches the batter.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3285

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consultation

Reading

Kanji

協Cooperate 議Deliberation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '協議 (きょうぎ)' refers to a formal discussion or consultation, often involving multiple parties to reach a decision or agreement. It is commonly used in professional, political, or organizational contexts. For example: The committee held a consultation「委員会は協議を行った」(いいんかい は きょうぎ を おこなった). We need to have a discussion about this issue「この問題について協議が必要です」(このもんだい について きょうぎ が ひつようです). The term emphasizes a collaborative and deliberate process, often implying a structured or official setting.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3289

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discussion

Reading

Kanji

議Deliberation 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '議論 (ぎろん)' means 'discussion' or 'debate'. It refers to the act of discussing or debating a topic, often involving an exchange of opinions or arguments. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as academic, political, or professional settings. For example: We had a heated discussion about the policy「私たちはその政策について熱い議論をした」(わたしたちはそのせいさくについてあついぎろんをした). The debate on environmental issues continues「環境問題についての議論は続いている」(かんきょうもんだいについてのぎろんはつづいている). Note that '議論' often implies a structured or formal exchange of ideas, rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3294

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conclusion

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '結論 (けつろん)' means 'conclusion'. It refers to the final decision or judgment reached after considering all the facts or arguments. This word is often used in formal or logical contexts, such as debates, discussions, or academic writing. For example: we reached a conclusion「私たちは結論に達した」(わたしたちはけつろんにたっした). The conclusion of the report was clear「報告書の結論は明確だった」(ほうこくしょのけつろんはめいかくだった). It can also be used in phrases like '結論を出す (けつろんをだす)', which means 'to draw a conclusion'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3295

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guide

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ガイド (gaido)' means 'guide'. It refers to someone who leads or directs others, often in a touristic context, or to a guidebook or manual that provides information. It can also be used as a verb in the form 'ガイドする (gaido suru)', meaning 'to guide'. For example: The guide explained the history of the temple「ガイドがお寺の歴史を説明しました」(ガイドがおてらのれきしをせつめいしました). I need a guidebook for my trip「旅行のためにガイドが必要です」(りょこうのためにガイドがひつようです). This term is commonly used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3296

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Violation

Reading

Kanji

違Differ, Different 反Anti

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '違反 (いはん)' means 'violation'. It refers to the act of breaking a rule, law, or agreement. This term is commonly used in legal, social, or formal contexts to describe actions that go against established regulations. For example: He committed a traffic violation「彼は交通違反をした」(かれはこうつういはんをした). Violation of the contract will result in penalties「契約違反は罰則を伴います」(けいやくいはんはばっそくをともないます). Note that '違反' is often used in compound words like '交通違反 (こうつういはん)' (traffic violation) or '契約違反 (けいやくいはん)' (breach of contract).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3301

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

応Answer, Respond 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '応用 (おうよう)' means 'application'. It refers to the act of applying knowledge, principles, or techniques to practical situations. This word is often used in academic, technical, or professional contexts to describe how theoretical concepts are put into practice. For example: the application of new technology「新しい技術の応用」(あたらしいぎじゅつのおうよう). This theory has many practical applications「この理論には多くの応用がある」(このりろんにはおおくのおうようがある). It is also commonly used in phrases like '応用科学 (おうようかがく)' (applied science) or '応用力 (おうようりょく)' (ability to apply knowledge).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3308

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Answer

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times 答Answer

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '回答 (かいとう)' means 'answer' or 'response'. It is commonly used in formal or written contexts, such as answering a question, survey, or inquiry. This word is often paired with verbs like 'する' to form the phrase '回答する (かいとうする)', meaning 'to answer' or 'to respond'. For example: Please answer the question「質問に回答してください」(しつもんにかいとうしてください). The company provided an answer to the inquiry「会社はその問い合わせに回答しました」(かいしゃはそのといあわせにかいとうしました). Note that '回答' is more formal than casual alternatives like '答え (こたえ)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3310

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distinction

Reading

Kanji

区District 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '区別 (くべつ)' means 'distinction' or 'differentiation'. It refers to the act of distinguishing or differentiating between two or more things, ideas, or categories. This word is often used in contexts where clarity or separation is needed, such as in discussions about differences between concepts, objects, or groups. For example: It's important to make a distinction between right and wrong「正しいことと間違っていることの区別が重要です」(ただしいこととまちがっていることのくべつがじゅうようです). Can you distinguish between these two colors?「この二つの色の区別ができますか？」(このふたつのいろのくべつができますか？). The word can also be used in formal or academic contexts to describe clear categorization or separation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3312

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discrimination

Reading

Kanji

差Difference 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '差別 (さべつ)' means 'discrimination'. It refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, sex, or disability. This term is often used in discussions about social issues, human rights, and equality. For example: Discrimination based on race is unacceptable「人種による差別は許されない」(じんしゅによるさべつはゆるされない). She has experienced gender discrimination at work「彼女は職場で性別による差別を経験した」(かのじょはしょくばでせいべつによるさべつをけいけんした). The word '差別' carries a strong negative connotation and is used to highlight unfair treatment or bias.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3316

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exaggerate

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'オーバー (oubaa)' is derived from the English word 'over' and is commonly used to mean 'exaggerate' or 'overdo'. It is often used in casual conversation to describe situations where someone is overreacting or making something seem more dramatic than it actually is. For example: You're exaggerating「オーバーだよ」(おーばーだよ). She always overreacts「彼女はいつもオーバーする」(かのじょはいつもおーばーする). It can also be used to describe something that is excessive or beyond the normal limit, such as in 'オーバーな反応 (おーばーなはんのう) (overreaction)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3341

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Death

Reading

Kanji

死Death 亡Death, Deceased

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '死亡 (しぼう)' means 'death'. It is used to refer to the act or state of dying, often in formal or official contexts such as medical, legal, or statistical reports. For example: The cause of death was a heart attack「死亡の原因は心臓発作でした」(しぼうのげんいんはしんぞうほっさでした). The number of deaths increased last year「死亡者数は去年増加しました」(しぼうしゃすうはきょねんぞうかしました). This term is neutral in tone and is commonly used in serious or factual contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3366

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prohibition

Reading

Kanji

禁Ban, Prohibition 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '禁止 (きんし)' means 'prohibition' or 'ban'. It is used to indicate that something is not allowed or is forbidden. This word is commonly seen on signs and in rules, such as 'No Smoking' or 'No Entry'. For example: Smoking is prohibited here「ここでは喫煙が禁止されています」(ここではきつえんがきんしされています). Photography is prohibited in this area「このエリアでは撮影が禁止されています」(このエリアではさつえいがきんしされています). The word '禁止' is often used in formal or official contexts to indicate rules or regulations that must be followed.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3370

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abstinence

Reading

Kanji

禁Ban, Prohibition 酒Alcohol, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '禁酒 (きんしゅ)' refers to the act of abstaining from alcohol. It is often used in contexts where someone is avoiding alcohol for health, religious, or personal reasons. For example: He decided to practice abstinence from alcohol「彼は禁酒を決意した」(かれはきんしゅをけついした). During the month, I will abstain from drinking「今月は禁酒します」(こんげつはきんしゅします). The term can also be used in medical or recovery contexts, such as when someone is advised to stop drinking for health reasons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3375

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proof, Verification

Reading

Kanji

証Evidence 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '証明 (しょうめい)' primarily means 'proof' or 'verification'. It refers to the act of proving or verifying something, often through evidence or logical reasoning. This term is commonly used in legal, scientific, and everyday contexts. For example: He provided proof of his innocence「彼は自分の無実を証明した」(かれはじぶんのむじつをしょうめいした). The experiment verified the theory「その実験は理論を証明した」(そのじっけんはりろんをしょうめいした). Note that '証明' can also be used as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '証明する (しょうめいする)', meaning 'to prove' or 'to verify'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3382

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Survival

Reading

Kanji

生Life 存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '生存 (せいぞん)' means 'survival'. It refers to the state of continuing to live or exist, especially in difficult conditions. This word is often used in contexts related to biology, ecology, or existential discussions. For example: survival of the fittest「適者生存」(てきしゃせいぞん). The survival rate of the species is low「その種の生存率は低い」(そのしゅのせいぞんりつはひくい). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in discussions about businesses or ideas surviving in a competitive environment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3383

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agreement

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '合意 (ごうい)' means 'agreement' or 'mutual consent'. It refers to a situation where two or more parties reach a shared understanding or decision. This term is often used in formal or legal contexts, such as contracts, negotiations, or discussions. For example: We reached an agreement「私たちは合意に達しました」(わたしたちはごういにたっしました). The agreement was signed by both parties「その合意は両者によって署名されました」(そのごういはりょうしゃによってしょめいされました). Note that '合意' emphasizes mutual understanding and consensus, rather than just a simple decision.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3385

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Determination

Reading

Kanji

決Decide 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '決意 (けつい)' refers to a strong sense of determination or resolve to achieve something. It is often used in contexts where someone has made a firm decision or commitment to pursue a goal or overcome a challenge. For example: His determination to succeed is unwavering「彼の成功への決意は揺るがない」(かれのせいこうへのけついはゆるがない). She made a firm decision to change her life「彼女は人生を変える決意をした」(かのじょはじんせいをかえるけついをした). This word is commonly used in both personal and professional contexts to express a strong will or commitment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3391

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intention

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 図Map

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '意図 (いと)' means 'intention'. It refers to a purpose or plan behind an action or decision. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts to describe deliberate actions or thoughts. For example: His intention was clear「彼の意図は明らかだった」(かれのいとはあきらかだった). I didn't understand her intention「彼女の意図が理解できなかった」(かのじょのいとがりかいできなかった). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '意図的 (いとてき)' meaning 'intentional'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3392

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spite

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 地Ground 悪Evil

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '意地悪 (いじわる)' refers to a spiteful or mean-spirited action or behavior. It is often used to describe someone who intentionally does something to annoy, upset, or harm others. For example: He did it out of spite「彼は意地悪でそれをした」(かれはいじわるでそれをした). Don't be mean to others「他人に意地悪をしないで」(たにんにいじわるをしないで). The term can also describe a person who is habitually spiteful, as in '意地悪な人 (いじわるなひと) (a spiteful person)'. It is important to note that '意地悪' carries a negative connotation and is used to criticize such behavior.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3396

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secure

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 保Preserve

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確保 (かくほ)' means 'secure' or 'ensure'. It is used to describe the act of guaranteeing or securing something, such as resources, safety, or opportunities. This term is often used in formal or business contexts. For example: We need to secure enough resources「十分な資源を確保する必要がある」(じゅうぶんなしげんをかくほするひつようがある). The company ensured the safety of its employees「会社は従業員の安全を確保した」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんのあんぜんをかくほした). Note that '確保' is commonly used in contexts where something is being guaranteed or made certain, such as securing a seat, ensuring safety, or guaranteeing supplies.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3397

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slide

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'スライド (suraido)' refers to the act of sliding or moving smoothly across a surface. It can also refer to a presentation slide, commonly used in business or educational settings. For example: Please slide the door open「ドアをスライドさせてください」(ドアをスライドさせてください). I will show the next slide「次のスライドを見せます」(つぎのスライドをみせます). The word is often used in contexts involving physical movement or digital presentations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3399

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確立 (かくりつ)' means 'establishment'. It refers to the act of setting up or creating something firmly and securely, such as a system, theory, or organization. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts. For example: the establishment of a new policy「新しい方針の確立」(あたらしいほうしんのかくりつ). The theory was firmly established「その理論は確立された」(そのりろんはかくりつされた). Note that '確立' emphasizes the process of achieving stability or certainty in the creation of something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3400

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confirmation, Finalization

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確定 (かくてい)' refers to the act of confirming or finalizing something. It is often used in contexts where decisions, plans, or details are settled and made official. For example: The schedule has been confirmed「スケジュールが確定しました」(スケジュールがかくていしました). The results have been finalized「結果が確定した」(けっかがかくていした). This term is commonly used in business, legal, and administrative settings to indicate that something is no longer subject to change.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3402

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conviction

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確信 (かくしん)' means 'conviction' or 'firm belief'. It is used to express a strong sense of certainty or confidence in something. This word is often used in contexts where someone is sure about a fact, decision, or outcome. For example: I have a conviction that he will succeed「彼が成功すると確信している」(かれがせいこうするとかくしんしている). She spoke with conviction「彼女は確信を持って話した」(かのじょはかくしんをもってはなした). The word can also be used in negative forms, such as '確信がない (かくしんがない)' (lack of conviction).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3405

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interview, Coverage

Reading

Kanji

取Take 材Materials, Timber

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '取材 (しゅざい)' refers to the act of gathering information, typically for news reporting or research. It can mean 'coverage' in the context of media reporting, or 'interview' when referring to the process of questioning someone to gather information. For example: The journalist is doing coverage of the event「記者がイベントの取材をしている」(きしゃがイベントのしゅざいをしている). She conducted an interview with the author「彼女は著者に取材をした」(かのじょはちょしゃにしゅざいをした). The word is often used in professional contexts, particularly in journalism and media.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3426

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '設立 (せつりつ)' means 'establishment' or 'founding'. It refers to the act of setting up or creating an organization, institution, or company. This term is commonly used in formal contexts, such as business or legal settings. For example: The establishment of the company was in 1995「その会社の設立は1995年でした」(そのかいしゃのせつりつは1995ねんでした). They are planning the establishment of a new school「彼らは新しい学校の設立を計画しています」(かれらはあたらしいがっこうのせつりつをけいかくしています). The word is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of establishing something, as in '設立する (せつりつする)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3441

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cancel

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'キャンセル (kyanseru)' means 'cancel'. It is used to describe the act of canceling or calling off something, such as a reservation, appointment, or event. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I canceled my reservation「予約をキャンセルしました」(よやくをキャンセルしました). The event was canceled「イベントはキャンセルされました」(イベントはキャンセルされました). Note that 'キャンセル' is often used in contexts related to bookings, subscriptions, or plans, and it is a loanword derived from the English word 'cancel'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3442

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equipment, Facilities

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '設備 (せつび)' refers to 'equipment' or 'facilities'. It is used to describe the physical infrastructure, machinery, or systems installed in a place to enable its functioning. This term is commonly used in contexts such as factories, offices, schools, or public spaces. For example: The factory has new equipment「工場には新しい設備がある」(こうじょうにはあたらしいせつびがある). The school's facilities are modern「学校の設備は近代的です」(がっこうのせつびはきんだいてきです). Note that '設備' often implies a more permanent or large-scale setup compared to smaller, portable tools or devices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3444

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Explanation

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 説Theory, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '解説 (かいせつ)' means 'explanation' or 'commentary'. It is used to describe a detailed explanation or analysis of a topic, often provided by an expert or someone knowledgeable. This term is commonly used in contexts such as news programs, sports broadcasts, or academic lectures, where a commentator or expert provides insights or explanations. For example: The professor gave a detailed explanation of the theory「教授はその理論の解説をした」(きょうじゅはそのりろんのかいせつをした). The sports commentator provided a play-by-play commentary「スポーツ解説者が実況解説をした」(スポーツかいせつしゃがじっきょうかいせつをした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3448

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Internationalization

Reading

Kanji

国Country 際Occasion 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '国際化 (こくさいか)' refers to the process of making something international in scope or application. It is often used in contexts such as business, education, and technology to describe the adaptation of products, services, or systems to operate across different countries and cultures. For example: The company is focusing on internationalization「その会社は国際化に力を入れている」(そのかいしゃはこくさいかにちからをいれている). The university promotes internationalization「その大学は国際化を推進している」(そのだいがくはこくさいかをすいしんしている). This term is commonly used in discussions about globalization and cross-cultural exchange.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3462

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dating

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 際Occasion

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '交際 (こうさい)' primarily refers to the act of dating or being in a romantic relationship. It can also imply social interaction or association in a broader sense, but it is most commonly used to describe romantic relationships. For example: They are dating「彼らは交際している」(かれらはこうさいしている). I heard they started dating last month「先月から交際を始めたと聞いた」(せんげつからこうさいをはじめたときいた). The term is often used in formal contexts to describe the status of a relationship, such as in news reports or official statements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3464

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Growth

Reading

Kanji

成Become 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '成長 (せいちょう)' means 'growth'. It refers to the process of developing or maturing physically, mentally, or in terms of skills and abilities. It is commonly used in contexts related to personal development, business, or natural processes. For example: The child's growth is remarkable「子供の成長は目覚ましい」(こどものせいちょうはめざましい). The company has seen significant growth「会社は大きな成長を遂げた」(かいしゃはおおきなせいちょうをとげた). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional or intellectual progress.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3475

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

成Become 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '成立 (せいりつ)' refers to the establishment, formation, or coming into existence of something, such as a system, agreement, or condition. It is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe the process of something being successfully created or realized. For example: The agreement was successfully established「その合意が成立した」(そのごういがせいりつした). The conditions for the plan's establishment were met「計画の成立条件が整った」(けいかくのせいりつじょうけんがととのった). This term is commonly used in legal, political, or organizational contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3476

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formation

Reading

Kanji

形Shape 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '形成 (けいせい)' refers to the act of forming, shaping, or creating something. It is often used in contexts related to the development or establishment of structures, systems, or ideas. For example: the formation of a new government「新しい政府の形成」(あたらしいせいふのけいせい). The shaping of public opinion「世論の形成」(よろんのけいせい). This term is commonly used in both abstract and concrete contexts, such as in discussions about social, cultural, or physical formations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3477

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formation

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '結成 (けっせい)' means 'formation' and refers to the act of forming or establishing something, such as a group, organization, or team. It is often used in contexts where people come together to create a new entity. For example: The formation of a new political party「新しい政党の結成」(あたらしいせいとうのけっせい). They announced the formation of a committee「彼らは委員会の結成を発表した」(かれらはいいんかいのけっせいをはっぴょうした). This word is commonly used in formal or organizational contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agreement

Reading

Kanji

賛Praise, Agree 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '賛成 (さんせい)' means 'agreement' or 'approval'. It is used to express consent or support for an idea, proposal, or opinion. This word is commonly used in formal and informal contexts, such as meetings, discussions, or everyday conversations. For example: I agree with your opinion「あなたの意見に賛成です」(あなたのいけんにさんせいです). The committee approved the proposal「委員会はその提案に賛成した」(いいんかいはそのていあんにさんせいした). Note that '賛成' is often paired with the particle 'に' to indicate what is being agreed upon, as in '提案に賛成する (ていあんにさんせいする) (to agree with the proposal)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3484

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Synthesis, Combination

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '合成 (ごうせい)' refers to the act of combining or synthesizing elements to create something new. It is commonly used in scientific, technical, and artistic contexts. For example, in chemistry, it refers to the synthesis of compounds, while in music or video production, it refers to combining sounds or images. Example sentences: The synthesis of new materials is important「新しい材料の合成は重要です」(あたらしいざいりょうのごうせいはじゅうようです). This song is a combination of different genres「この曲は異なるジャンルの合成です」(このきょくはことなるじゃんるのごうせいです). Note that '合成' often implies a deliberate and purposeful combination of elements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3485

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adult

Reading

Kanji

成Become 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '成人 (せいじん)' refers to an 'adult' or the state of being an adult. It is commonly used to describe someone who has reached the legal age of adulthood, which in Japan is 20 years old. The term is often used in contexts such as '成人式 (せいじんしき)', which refers to the Coming of Age Ceremony held for those who have turned 20. Example sentences: He became an adult「彼は成人した」(かれはせいじんした). The Coming of Age Ceremony is for new adults「成人式は新成人のためのものです」(せいじんしきはしんせいじんのためのものです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unemployment

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失業 (しつぎょう)' refers to the state of being unemployed or losing one's job. It is commonly used in contexts related to economics, job markets, and personal situations. For example: unemployment is increasing「失業が増えている」(しつぎょうがふえている). He lost his job due to the company's bankruptcy「会社の倒産で彼は失業した」(かいしゃのとうさんでかれはしつぎょうした). The term can also be used in compound words like '失業率 (しつぎょうりつ)' (unemployment rate) or '失業保険 (しつぎょうほけん)' (unemployment insurance).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3488

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Failure

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 敗Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失敗 (しっぱい)' means 'failure'. It refers to the act of failing to achieve a desired result or making a mistake. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as academic, professional, or personal situations. For example: I made a mistake in the exam「試験で失敗した」(しけんでしっぱいした). He failed in his attempt to climb the mountain「彼は山登りに失敗した」(かれはやまのぼりにしっぱいした). It can also be used to describe a failed experiment or project: The experiment was a failure「その実験は失敗だった」(そのじっけんはしっぱいだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correct

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '正解 (せいかい)' means 'correct' or 'correct answer'. It is commonly used in contexts such as quizzes, tests, or any situation where a correct response is expected. For example: The correct answer is A「正解はAです」(せいかいはAです). Did you get the correct answer?「正解は分かりましたか？」(せいかいはわかりましたか？). It can also be used to indicate that someone has made the right decision or choice, as in 'That was the correct choice'「それが正解だった」(それがせいかいだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3517

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kneel

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 座Sit, Seat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '正座 (せいざ)' refers to the traditional Japanese way of sitting on the floor with one's legs folded underneath, knees bent, and feet tucked under the buttocks. This posture is commonly used in formal settings, such as during tea ceremonies, martial arts, or when sitting on tatami mats. It is considered a sign of respect and proper etiquette. For example: Please kneel properly「正座をしてください」(せいざをしてください). She sat in the formal kneeling position「彼女は正座をした」(かのじょはせいざをした). Note that '正座' is often used as a noun but can also function as a verbal noun (suru-verb) when combined with 'する' to indicate the action of kneeling in this manner.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awareness, Consciousness

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 識Knowledge, Discernment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '意識 (いしき)' primarily refers to 'consciousness' or 'awareness'. It is used to describe the state of being conscious or aware of something, whether it be one's surroundings, thoughts, or feelings. This word is often used in both medical and everyday contexts. For example: He lost consciousness「彼は意識を失った」(かれはいしきをうしなった). She is aware of the problem「彼女はその問題を意識している」(かのじょはそのもんだいをいしきしている). Additionally, '意識' can also imply a sense of self-awareness or mindfulness, as in being conscious of one's actions or impact on others.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Preparation

Reading

Kanji

下Down 調Investigate, Tune

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下調べ (したしらべ)' refers to the act of doing preliminary research or preparation before undertaking a task. It is often used in contexts where one needs to gather information or make arrangements in advance. For example: I did some preparation before the meeting「会議の前に下調べをした」(かいぎのまえにしたしらべをした). She always does thorough preparation before traveling「彼女は旅行の前にいつもしっかり下調べをする」(かのじょはりょこうのまえにいつもしっかりしたしらべをする). This term emphasizes the importance of being well-prepared and informed.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3537

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Maintenance

Reading

Kanji

整Organize 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '整備 (せいび)' refers to the act of maintaining, servicing, or preparing something to ensure it functions properly. It is commonly used in contexts like vehicle maintenance, equipment upkeep, or system preparation. For example: regular maintenance is important「定期的な整備は大切です」(ていきてきなせいびはたいせつです). The mechanic is servicing the car「整備士が車を整備しています」(せいびしがくるまをせいびしています). This word emphasizes the process of keeping things in good working order.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3538

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Organize, Sort

Reading

Kanji

整Organize 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '整理 (せいり)' primarily means 'organize' or 'sort'. It refers to the act of arranging things systematically, tidying up, or putting things in order. This word is often used in contexts like organizing physical items, sorting out information, or even resolving situations. For example: I need to organize my desk「机を整理しなければならない」(つくえをせいりしなければならない). Let's sort out the documents「書類を整理しましょう」(しょるいをせいりしましょう). It can also be used metaphorically, such as organizing thoughts or resolving conflicts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3539

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Saving

Reading

Kanji

節Season, Node 約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '節約 (せつやく)' means 'saving' or 'economizing'. It refers to the act of reducing expenses, conserving resources, or using something sparingly to avoid waste. This word is commonly used in contexts related to money, energy, time, or resources. For example: We need to save electricity「電気を節約する必要がある」(でんきをせつやくするひつようがある). She is saving money for her trip「彼女は旅行のために節約している」(かのじょはりょこうのためにせつやくしている). The word can also imply a sense of frugality or careful management of resources.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3541

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inspection

Reading

Kanji

検Examine 査Investigate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '検査 (けんさ)' means 'inspection' or 'examination'. It is commonly used in contexts related to checking, testing, or scrutinizing something, such as medical examinations, quality checks, or technical inspections. For example: I had a medical inspection「私は検査を受けました」(わたしはけんさをうけました). The product passed the quality inspection「その製品は品質検査に合格しました」(そのせいひんはひんしつけんさにごうかくしました). This word is often used in formal or technical settings and can be combined with other words to specify the type of inspection, such as '健康検査 (けんこうけんさ)' (health checkup) or '車両検査 (しゃりょうけんさ)' (vehicle inspection).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Connection

Reading

Kanji

接Contact, Touch 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '接続 (せつぞく)' primarily means 'connection'. It is used to refer to the act of connecting or linking things together, whether physically, logically, or in terms of communication. For example: The connection between the two devices is stable「二つのデバイスの接続は安定している」(ふたつのデバイスのせつぞくはあんていしている). Please check the internet connection「インターネットの接続を確認してください」(インターネットのせつぞくをかくにんしてください). This term is commonly used in technical contexts, such as electronics, networking, and transportation, but can also be applied to abstract concepts like relationships or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chat

Reading

Kanji

雑Miscellaneous 談Discuss

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '雑談 (ざつだん)' refers to casual conversation or small talk. It is used to describe informal, light-hearted discussions that are not focused on any specific topic. This word is often used in social settings, such as during breaks at work or when catching up with friends. For example: Let's have a chat「雑談しましょう」(ざつだんしましょう). We had a nice chat yesterday「昨日はいい雑談をしました」(きのうはいいざつだんをしました). The term emphasizes the relaxed and unstructured nature of the conversation, contrasting with more formal or serious discussions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3562

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entry

Reading

Kanji

記Record 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記入 (きにゅう)' means 'entry' and refers to the act of writing or filling in information, typically in a form, document, or record. It is commonly used in formal or administrative contexts. For example: Please fill in your name「名前を記入してください」(なまえをきにゅうしてください). He entered the details in the form「彼はフォームに詳細を記入した」(かれはフォームにしょうさいをきにゅうした). Note that '記入' is often used with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of filling something in, as in '記入する (きにゅうする) (to fill in).'

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Memorization

Reading

Kanji

暗Darkness 記Record

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '暗記 (あんき)' refers to the act of memorizing or committing something to memory. It is often used in academic or educational contexts, such as memorizing vocabulary, formulas, or historical facts. For example: I memorized the poem「詩を暗記した」(しをあんきした). He is good at memorization「彼は暗記が得意だ」(かれはあんきがとくいだ). The word can also be used to describe the process of rote learning, where information is repeated until it is firmly retained in memory.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3566

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Memory

Reading

Kanji

記Record 憶Remember, Speculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記憶 (きおく)' means 'memory'. It refers to the mental capacity to store, retain, and recall information or experiences. This word is often used in contexts related to remembering or forgetting something. For example: I have a clear memory of that day「その日の記憶がはっきりしている」(そのひのきおくがはっきりしている). He lost his memory after the accident「彼は事故の後、記憶を失った」(かれはじこのあと、きおくをうしなった). '記憶' can also be used in compound words like '記憶力 (きおくりょく)' (memory power) or '記憶喪失 (きおくそうしつ)' (memory loss).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Revision

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改正 (かいせい)' means 'revision' or 'amendment'. It is commonly used in contexts where laws, regulations, or systems are being modified or updated. For example: The law underwent a revision「法律が改正された」(ほうりつがかいせいされた). The government is planning to amend the policy「政府は政策を改正する予定です」(せいふはせいさくをかいせいするよていです). This term is often used in formal or official settings, such as legal documents, government announcements, or academic discussions. It implies a deliberate and systematic change to improve or update something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3600

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Improvement

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 良Good

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改良 (かいりょう)' means 'improvement'. It refers to the act of making something better or enhancing its quality, often through modifications or refinements. This term is commonly used in contexts such as technology, agriculture, or processes. For example: The improvement of the software was successful「ソフトウェアの改良は成功した」(ソフトウェアのかいりょうはせいこうした). We are working on the improvement of the product「製品の改良に取り組んでいます」(せいひんのかいりょうにとりくんでいます). Note that '改良' often implies a systematic or intentional effort to enhance something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3601

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Modification

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 造Make, Build

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改造 (かいぞう)' refers to the act of modifying or remodeling something, often to improve or change its function or appearance. It is commonly used in contexts such as modifying vehicles, machinery, or even software. For example: He modified his car「彼は車を改造した」(かれはくるまをかいぞうした). The company is remodeling the office「会社はオフィスを改造している」(かいしゃはオフィスをかいぞうしている). This word can also imply significant changes rather than minor adjustments, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3605

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Expansion

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '進出 (しんしゅつ)' refers to the act of advancing or expanding into a new area, market, or field. It is commonly used in business contexts to describe a company entering a new market or region. For example: The company is advancing into the European market「その会社はヨーロッパ市場に進出している」(そのかいしゃはよーろっぱしじょうにしんしゅつしている). They are expanding their business overseas「彼らは海外に進出している」(かれらはかいがいにしんしゅつしている). The word can also be used in non-business contexts, such as a sports team advancing to a higher league or a country expanding its influence.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3630

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Progress

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '進行 (しんこう)' primarily means 'progress' or 'advance'. It is used to describe the forward movement or development of something, such as a project, event, or situation. For example: The meeting is progressing smoothly「会議が順調に進行している」(かいぎがじゅんちょうにしんこうしている). The disease is advancing rapidly「病気が急速に進行している」(びょうきがきゅうそくにしんこうしている). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts to indicate the ongoing nature of an activity or process.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3631

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Progress

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 歩Walk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '進歩 (しんぽ)' means 'progress'. It refers to the act of moving forward or improving, particularly in terms of development, technology, or personal growth. This word is often used in contexts related to advancements in science, society, or individual skills. For example: The progress of technology is remarkable「技術の進歩は目覚ましい」(ぎじゅつのしんぽはめざましい). She has made great progress in her studies「彼女は勉強で大きな進歩を遂げた」(かのじょはべんきょうでおおきなしんぽをとげた). Note that '進歩' is typically used in formal or neutral contexts and is not interchangeable with casual terms like '進む (すすむ)', which simply means 'to move forward'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3632

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 進Advance

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '前進 (ぜんしん)' means 'advance' or 'progress'. It is used to describe the act of moving forward, either physically or metaphorically. This term is often used in contexts related to movement, development, or improvement. For example: The army advanced「軍隊は前進した」(ぐんたいはぜんしんした). We need to make progress in this project「このプロジェクトで前進する必要がある」(このプロジェクトでぜんしんするひつようがある). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as making progress in life or in a particular field.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3633

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Promotion

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 進Advance

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '推進 (すいしん)' means 'promotion' or 'advancement'. It refers to the act of pushing forward or promoting a plan, project, or idea. This word is often used in formal or organizational contexts, such as business, government, or policy-making. For example: the promotion of renewable energy「再生可能エネルギーの推進」(さいせいかのうえねるぎーのすいしん). We are advancing the new project「新しいプロジェクトを推進しています」(あたらしいぷろじぇくとをすいしんしています). Note that '推進' can also imply a sense of actively driving or propelling something forward, not just passively supporting it.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3642

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resignation

Reading

Kanji

辞Word, Resign 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '辞任 (じにん)' means 'resignation'. It refers to the act of stepping down or resigning from a position, role, or responsibility, often used in formal or professional contexts. For example: The president announced his resignation「社長は辞任を発表した」(しゃちょうはじにんをはっぴょうした). She submitted her resignation due to health issues「彼女は健康上の理由で辞任を提出した」(かのじょはけんこうじょうのりゆうでじにんをていしゅつした). This term is commonly used in political, corporate, or organizational settings to describe the voluntary or forced departure from a position.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3643

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commute

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出勤 (しゅっきん)' refers to the act of commuting to work or going to one's workplace. It is commonly used in professional or daily life contexts to describe the routine of traveling to work. For example: I commute to work by train「私は電車で出勤します」(わたしはでんしゃでしゅっきんします). He is late for work today「彼は今日出勤が遅い」(かれはきょうしゅっきんがおそい). The term emphasizes the action of leaving home to go to work, and it is often paired with verbs like する (to do) to form phrases like 出勤する (to commute to work).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3649

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work, Service

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '勤務 (きんむ)' refers to the act of working or being employed, often in a formal or professional capacity. It is commonly used to describe one's job duties, employment status, or the act of serving in a specific role. For example: I work at a company「私は会社に勤務しています」(わたしはかいしゃにきんむしています). His service in the military was commendable「彼の軍隊での勤務は称賛に値する」(かれのぐんたいでのきんむはしょうさんにあたいする). The word is often used in contexts related to employment, such as '勤務時間 (きんむじかん)' (working hours) or '勤務先 (きんむさき)' (place of work).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3654

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Employment

Reading

Kanji

雇Employ, Hire 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '雇用 (こよう)' means 'employment'. It refers to the act of hiring or employing someone, or the state of being employed. This term is commonly used in contexts related to jobs, labor, and workforce. For example: The company is increasing employment「その会社は雇用を増やしている」(そのかいしゃはこようをふやしている). Stable employment is important「安定した雇用は重要だ」(あんていしたこようはじゅうようだ). Note that '雇用' can also be used in compound words like '雇用契約 (こようけいやく)' (employment contract) or '雇用主 (こようぬし)' (employer).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3663

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

応Answer, Respond 募Raise, Recruit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '応募 (おうぼ)' means 'application' and is used to refer to the act of applying for something, such as a job, contest, or event. It is commonly used in contexts where individuals submit their details or qualifications to be considered for a position or opportunity. For example: I applied for the job「私はその仕事に応募した」(わたしはそのしごとにおうぼした). She is applying for the scholarship「彼女は奨学金に応募している」(かのじょはしょうがくきんにおうぼしている). The word is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of applying, as in '応募する (おうぼする)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3670

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Concentration

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '集中 (しゅうちゅう)' means 'concentration'. It refers to the act of focusing one's attention or mental effort on a specific task or object. This word is often used in contexts related to studying, work, or any activity that requires intense focus. For example: I need to concentrate on my studies「私は勉強に集中する必要がある」(わたしはべんきょうにしゅうちゅうするひつようがある). The team concentrated on the project「チームはプロジェクトに集中した」(チームはプロジェクトにしゅうちゅうした). It can also be used to describe the concentration of something in a physical sense, such as the concentration of a substance in a solution.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3671

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gathering

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '集合 (しゅうごう)' means 'gathering' or 'assembly'. It refers to the act of people or things coming together in one place. This word is often used in formal or organized contexts, such as meetings, events, or mathematical sets. For example: The gathering will start at 10 AM「集合は10時に始まります」(しゅうごうは10じにはじまります). Please gather at the entrance「入口に集合してください」(いりぐちにしゅうごうしてください). In mathematics, it can also refer to a 'set', as in '集合論 (しゅうごうろん) (set theory)'. The word is neutral and can be used in both casual and formal settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3672

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collection

Reading

Kanji

収Obtain 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '収集 (しゅうしゅう)' means 'collection'. It refers to the act of gathering or collecting items, information, or data. This word is often used in contexts such as collecting stamps, data collection, or gathering resources. For example: I enjoy stamp collection「私は切手の収集が好きです」(わたしはきってのしゅうしゅうがすきです). Data collection is important for research「研究にはデータの収集が重要です」(けんきゅうにはデータのしゅうしゅうがじゅうようです). The word can also imply a systematic or purposeful gathering of items or information.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3676

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grading

Reading

Kanji

採Gather, Pick 点Point

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '採点 (さいてん)' refers to the act of grading or marking, particularly in an academic or evaluative context. It is commonly used when teachers or examiners assess and assign scores to tests, assignments, or performances. For example: The teacher is grading the tests「先生がテストを採点している」(せんせいがテストをさいてんしている). Grading will be completed by tomorrow「採点は明日までに終わります」(さいてんはあしたまでにおわります). This term is often used in educational settings and emphasizes the process of evaluation rather than the result.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3683

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Supply

Reading

Kanji

供Accompany, Offer 給Supply, Salary

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '供給 (きょうきゅう)' means 'supply'. It refers to the act of providing or furnishing something, often in the context of goods, services, or resources. This term is commonly used in economic, business, and everyday contexts. For example: The company supplies electricity「その会社は電気を供給する」(そのかいしゃはでんきをきょうきゅうする). Water supply is essential for life「水の供給は生命に不可欠だ」(みずのきょうきゅうはせいめいにふかけつだ). Note that '供給' is often paired with verbs like 'する' to form phrases like '供給する' (to supply).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3684

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jump

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ジャンプ (janpu)' means 'jump'. It is derived from the English word 'jump' and is used in the same way to describe the action of leaping into the air or over something. This term is commonly used in sports, dance, and everyday conversation. For example: The athlete made a high jump「その選手は高いジャンプをした」(そのせんしゅはたかいジャンプをした). The rabbit jumped over the fence「ウサギはフェンスをジャンプした」(ウサギはフェンスをジャンプした). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a sudden increase or leap in progress, such as in 'sales jumped'「売り上げがジャンプした」(うりあげがジャンプした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3686

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inauguration

Reading

Kanji

就Settle, Concerning 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '就任 (しゅうにん)' refers to the act of assuming a position or office, often used in formal contexts such as politics, business, or organizations. It implies the official start of a new role or responsibility. For example: The president's inauguration ceremony was held yesterday「大統領の就任式は昨日行われた」(だいとうりょうのしゅうにんしきはきのうおこなわれた). He assumed the position of CEO「彼はCEOに就任した」(かれはしーいーおーにしゅうにんした). The term is commonly used in news reports, official announcements, and formal speeches.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3690

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Visit

Reading

Kanji

参Participate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お参り (おまいり)' refers to the act of visiting a shrine, temple, or grave, often for the purpose of paying respects, praying, or making offerings. It is commonly used in the context of religious or spiritual practices. For example: I will visit the shrine「お寺にお参りします」(おてらにおまいりします). We visited the grave during Obon「お盆にお墓にお参りしました」(おぼんにおはかにおまいりしました). The term carries a respectful tone and is often associated with traditional customs and rituals.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3698

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emotion, Impression

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '感動 (かんどう)' refers to a deep emotional response or being deeply moved by something. It can also mean being impressed or touched by an experience, event, or piece of art. This word is often used to describe the feeling one gets when witnessing something profoundly moving or inspiring. For example: I was deeply moved by the movie「映画に感動した」(えいがにかんどうした). The speech left a strong impression on me「スピーチに感動した」(スピーチにかんどうした). Note that '感動' is commonly used in contexts involving art, performances, speeches, or personal experiences that evoke strong emotions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3714

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Realization

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '実感 (じっかん)' refers to the feeling or awareness of something being real or tangible. It is often used to describe the moment when something becomes clear or when one truly understands or feels the reality of a situation. For example: I felt the reality of his words「彼の言葉を実感した」(かれのことばをじっかんした). She realized the importance of family「家族の大切さを実感した」(かぞくのたいせつさをじっかんした). This word is commonly used in contexts where emotions or understanding deepen, such as personal experiences or life lessons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3715

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Admiration

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '感心 (かんしん)' refers to a feeling of admiration or being impressed by someone or something. It is often used to express respect or approval for someone's actions, abilities, or qualities. For example: I was impressed by his hard work「彼の努力に感心した」(かれのどりょくにかんしんした). She admired the teacher's patience「先生の忍耐力に感心した」(せんせいのにんたいりょくにかんしんした). This word can also be used sarcastically to express surprise or disbelief, though this usage is less common. It is typically used in formal or polite contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3716

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daydream

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '空想 (くうそう)' refers to the act of daydreaming or indulging in fantasy. It is often used to describe imaginative thoughts or scenarios that are not grounded in reality. For example: I often daydream about traveling the world「私はよく世界旅行を空想する」(わたしはよくせかいりょこうをくうそうする). His stories are full of wild fantasies「彼の話は空想に満ちている」(かれのはなしはくうそうにみちている). The term can also be used in a more neutral or creative context, such as when discussing imaginative works or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3721

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Develop

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current 像Image, Statue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '現像 (げんぞう)' refers to the process of developing photographic film or images. It is commonly used in the context of photography and film processing. For example: I will develop the photos「写真を現像します」(しゃしんをげんぞうします). The film is being developed「フィルムが現像されています」(フィルムがげんぞうされています). This term is specific to the technical process of bringing out the latent image on photographic film or paper.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3722

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correction

Reading

Kanji

修Discipline 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '修正 (しゅうせい)' means 'correction'. It refers to the act of making changes to something in order to improve or fix it. This word is commonly used in contexts such as editing documents, adjusting plans, or fixing errors. For example: I made corrections to the document「文書に修正を加えました」(ぶんしょにしゅうせいをくわえました). The plan needs correction「その計画は修正が必要です」(そのけいかくはしゅうせいがひつようです). It's important to note that '修正' implies a deliberate and often minor adjustment rather than a complete overhaul.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3727

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exchange

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 換Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '交換 (こうかん)' means 'exchange'. It refers to the act of giving one thing and receiving another in return. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as exchanging goods, ideas, or information. For example: Let's exchange business cards「名刺を交換しましょう」(めいしをこうかんしましょう). We exchanged opinions「意見を交換しました」(いけんをこうかんしました). It can also be used in the context of exchanging items or services, such as in a store or during a conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3732

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Changing

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear 替Replace, Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '着替え (きがえ)' refers to the act of changing clothes. It is commonly used in daily life to describe the process of switching from one set of clothes to another, such as when getting dressed in the morning or changing into pajamas at night. For example: I need to change clothes「着替えが必要です」(きがえがひつようです). She is changing clothes now「彼女は今着替えています」(かのじょはいまきがえています). This word is often used in contexts related to daily routines, travel, or preparing for specific activities.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3738

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harm

Reading

Kanji

害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '害 (がい)' means 'harm' or 'damage'. It is used to describe negative effects or consequences caused by something. This word is often used in contexts related to health, environment, or moral issues. For example: smoking causes harm to health「喫煙は健康に害がある」(きつえんはけんこうにがいがある). Pollution harms the environment「公害は環境に害を及ぼす」(こうがいはかんきょうにがいをおよぼす). The word can also be used in compound words like '公害 (こうがい)' (pollution) or '害虫 (がいちゅう)' (harmful insect).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3749

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rescue

Reading

Kanji

救Rescue 助Help

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '救助 (きゅうじょ)' means 'rescue'. It refers to the act of saving someone from danger, distress, or harm. This term is often used in contexts involving emergencies, such as natural disasters, accidents, or life-threatening situations. For example: The rescue team arrived quickly「救助隊がすぐに到着した」(きゅうじょたいがすぐにとうちゃくした). They provided rescue to the victims「彼らは被害者に救助を提供した」(かれらはひがいしゃにきゅうじょをていきょうした). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe helping someone in need, but it is most commonly associated with urgent or critical situations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3756

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Support

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 援Assist, Aid

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '支援 (しえん)' means 'support'. It refers to the act of providing assistance, backing, or aid to someone or something. This term is often used in contexts such as financial support, emotional support, or technical support. It can be used in both formal and informal settings. For example: We provide support to students「私たちは学生を支援します」(わたしたちはがくせいをしえんします). The government supports small businesses「政府は小企業を支援する」(せいふはしょうきぎょうをしえんする). Note that '支援' is often used in professional or organizational contexts, and it implies a structured or intentional form of assistance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3757

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aid

Reading

Kanji

援Assist, Aid 助Help

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '援助 (えんじょ)' means 'aid' or 'assistance'. It refers to the act of helping or supporting someone, often in a formal or organized manner. This word is commonly used in contexts such as financial aid, humanitarian aid, or assistance in achieving a goal. For example: The government provided aid to the disaster victims「政府は被災者に援助を提供した」(せいふはひさいしゃにえんじょをていきょうした). She received assistance from her colleagues「彼女は同僚から援助を受けた」(かのじょはどうりょうからえんじょをうけた). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe any form of support or help, whether material, emotional, or otherwise.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3758

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Support, Cheering

Reading

Kanji

応Answer, Respond 援Assist, Aid

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '応援 (おうえん)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'support', which refers to providing assistance or backing to someone or something. For example: I support my friend's decision「友達の決断を応援する」(ともだちのけつだんをおうえんする). The second meaning is 'cheering', which refers to encouraging or rooting for someone, often in a sports or competitive context. For example: We cheered for our team during the match「試合中にチームを応援した」(しあいちゅうにチームをおうえんした). The word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and it carries a positive connotation of encouragement and solidarity.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3759

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kiss

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'キス (kisu)' refers to the act of kissing. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in modern Japanese. This term can describe both romantic and non-romantic kisses, depending on the context. For example: They shared a kiss「彼らはキスをした」(かれらはキスをした). She gave her child a kiss「彼女は子供にキスをした」(かのじょはこどもにキスをした). The word is often used in casual conversations and is widely understood across different age groups.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3761

Composition

katakana

Handwriting