word

Meaning

Warning

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 告Announce

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '警告 (けいこく)' means 'warning'. It refers to an act of informing someone about a potential danger, problem, or consequence, often to prevent harm or mistakes. This term is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as legal, safety, or disciplinary situations. For example: The teacher gave a warning to the students「先生は生徒に警告をした」(せんせいはせいとにけいこくをした). The weather forecast issued a storm warning「天気予報は嵐の警告を出した」(てんきよほうはあらしのけいこくをだした). It can also be used metaphorically, as in: His actions were a warning to others「彼の行動は他の人への警告だった」(かれのこうどうはほかのひとへのけいこくだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3763

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suicide

Reading

Kanji

自Self 殺Kill

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '自殺 (じさつ)' means 'suicide'. It refers to the act of intentionally causing one's own death. This word is often used in serious or sensitive contexts, such as discussions about mental health, societal issues, or personal tragedies. For example: suicide is a serious problem「自殺は深刻な問題です」(じさつはしんこくなもんだいです). He committed suicide「彼は自殺した」(かれはじさつした). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '自殺防止 (じさつぼうし)' (suicide prevention). It is important to approach this word with care due to its sensitive nature.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3773

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Death in battle

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 死Death

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '戦死 (せんし)' refers to 'death in battle'. It is used to describe the act of dying during combat or war. This term is often used in historical or military contexts. For example: He died in battle「彼は戦死した」(かれはせんしした). Many soldiers died in battle「多くの兵士が戦死した」(おおくのへいしがせんしした). The term carries a solemn and respectful tone, often used to honor those who lost their lives in conflict.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3781

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Competition

Reading

Kanji

競Compete 技Skill

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '競技 (きょうぎ)' refers to a 'competition' or 'contest', typically in the context of sports, games, or other structured activities where participants compete against each other. It is often used to describe organized events such as athletic competitions, tournaments, or matches. For example: The swimming competition was exciting「水泳の競技は興奮した」(すいえいのきょうぎはこうふんした). They participated in a chess competition「彼らはチェスの競技に参加した」(かれらはチェスのきょうぎにさんかした). The word can also be used more broadly to describe any kind of competitive activity, not limited to physical sports.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3787

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowded

Reading

Kanji

混Mix 雑Miscellaneous

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '混雑 (こんざつ)' refers to a state of being crowded or congested. It is often used to describe places, situations, or conditions where there is a lot of activity or people, leading to a lack of space or order. For example: The station is crowded「駅が混雑している」(えきがこんざつしている). The road is congested due to the accident「事故で道路が混雑している」(じこでどうろがこんざつしている). This word is commonly used in contexts like public transportation, events, or traffic, and it conveys a sense of disorder or inconvenience caused by the crowding.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3788

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confusion

Reading

Kanji

混Mix 乱Disorder, Riot

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '混乱 (こんらん)' means 'confusion'. It refers to a state of disorder, chaos, or disarray, often in situations where things are not clear or organized. This word is commonly used to describe situations, emotions, or systems that are in a state of turmoil. For example: The meeting ended in confusion「会議は混乱して終わった」(かいぎはこんらんしておわった). The city was in chaos after the earthquake「地震の後、街は混乱していた」(じしんのあと、まちはこんらんしていた). It can also describe mental confusion, such as: I was confused by the sudden change「急な変化に混乱した」(きゅうなへんかにこんらんした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3791

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shopping

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ショッピング (shoppingu)' means 'shopping'. It refers to the act of purchasing goods, typically in stores or online. This word is often used in casual conversations and is borrowed from English. For example: I went shopping yesterday「昨日ショッピングに行きました」(きのうショッピングにいきました). She enjoys shopping「彼女はショッピングが好きです」(かのじょはショッピングがすきです). The word is commonly used in contexts like 'shopping mall' (ショッピングモール) or 'online shopping' (オンラインショッピング).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3795

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exchange, Interaction

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '交流 (こうりゅう)' refers to the act of exchanging or interacting, often used in contexts involving cultural, social, or informational exchange. It can describe interactions between people, groups, or even countries. For example: cultural exchange between Japan and the US「日本とアメリカの文化交流」(にほんとあめりかのぶんかこうりゅう). The students had a lively interaction with the professor「学生たちは教授と活発な交流をした」(がくせいたちはきょうじゅとかっぱつなこうりゅうをした). This term is commonly used in formal and informal settings to describe mutual exchange or communication.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3800

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flushing

Reading

Kanji

水Water 洗Wash

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '水洗 (すいせん)' refers to the act of flushing or washing with water. It is commonly used in contexts related to sanitation, such as flushing toilets or cleaning with water. For example: This toilet uses water flushing「このトイレは水洗です」(このトイレはすいせんです). The floor was cleaned by water flushing「床は水洗で掃除されました」(ゆかはすいせんではいじょされました). The term is often associated with modern plumbing and hygiene practices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3814

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pointing out

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 摘Pick, Pluck

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '指摘 (してき)' means 'pointing out' or 'indicating'. It is used to describe the act of identifying or highlighting something, often a mistake, issue, or important detail. This word is commonly used in formal or professional contexts, such as meetings, reports, or discussions. For example: The teacher pointed out the mistake in my homework「先生は私の宿題の間違いを指摘した」(せんせいはわたしのしゅくだいのまちがいをしてきした). The report pointed out the need for further research「そのレポートはさらなる研究の必要性を指摘した」(そのレポートはさらになるけんきゅうのひつようせいをしてきした). Note that '指摘' is often followed by the particle 'を' when used as a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3848

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pollution

Reading

Kanji

汚Dirty, Dishonor 染Dye

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '汚染 (おせん)' means 'pollution'. It refers to the contamination of the environment, substances, or areas by harmful or toxic elements. This term is commonly used in discussions about environmental issues, such as air pollution, water pollution, or soil contamination. For example: The river is suffering from pollution「川が汚染されている」(かわがおせんされている). Air pollution is a serious problem「大気汚染は深刻な問題だ」(たいきおせんはしんこくなもんだいだ). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the corruption or tainting of ideas, cultures, or systems.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3860

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Observation

Reading

Kanji

観View 察Guess

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '観察 (かんさつ)' means 'observation'. It refers to the act of carefully watching or examining something, often to gain information or understanding. This word is commonly used in scientific, educational, or everyday contexts. For example: careful observation is important in science「科学では注意深い観察が重要だ」(かがくではちゅういぶかいかんさつがじゅうようだ). I observed the behavior of birds「鳥の行動を観察した」(とりのこうどうをかんさつした). The word can also imply a systematic or detailed examination, as in '観察力 (かんさつりょく) (power of observation)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3865

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Observation

Reading

Kanji

観View 測Measure, Conjecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '観測 (かんそく)' means 'observation'. It refers to the act of observing or monitoring something, often in a scientific or systematic manner. This term is commonly used in contexts such as weather observation, astronomical observation, or data collection. For example: The observation of stars is fascinating「星の観測は魅力的です」(ほしのかんそくはみりょくてきです). They are conducting weather observations「彼らは気象観測を行っています」(かれらはきしょうかんそくをおこなっています). The term can also imply a careful or detailed examination of phenomena.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3878

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guess, Speculation

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 測Measure, Conjecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '推測 (すいそく)' refers to the act of making an educated guess or forming a hypothesis based on available information. It is often used in contexts where there is uncertainty or incomplete data, and it implies a logical process of reasoning rather than a random guess. For example: His guess was correct「彼の推測は正しかった」(かれのすいそくはただしかった). We can only speculate about the future「未来について推測することしかできない」(みらいについてすいそくすることしかできない). It is important to note that '推測' carries a slightly more formal tone compared to casual words like '当てずっぽう (あてずっぽう)' (wild guess).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3879

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vibration

Reading

Kanji

振Shake, Swing 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '振動 (しんどう)' means 'vibration'. It refers to the rapid back-and-forth movement of an object or a system. This term is commonly used in both everyday and technical contexts, such as describing the vibration of a phone or the oscillation of a machine. For example: the vibration of the phone woke me up「携帯の振動で目が覚めた」(けいたいのしんどうでめがさめた). The machine is vibrating「機械が振動している」(きかいがしんどうしている). In physics or engineering contexts, '振動' can also refer to oscillations or waves, such as in '振動数 (しんどうすう)' meaning 'frequency'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3890

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Architecture

Reading

Kanji

建Build 築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '建築 (けんちく)' refers to the act of constructing buildings or the field of architecture. It encompasses the design, planning, and construction of structures. This term is often used in professional and academic contexts related to building design and construction. For example: He studies architecture「彼は建築を勉強しています」(かれはけんちくをべんきょうしています). This building is a masterpiece of modern architecture「この建物は現代建築の傑作です」(このたてものはげんだいけんちくのけっさくです). The word can also be used to describe the style or method of construction, as in 'traditional Japanese architecture' (伝統的な日本建築, でんとうてきなにほんけんちく).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3921

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New construction

Reading

Kanji

新New 築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '新築 (しんちく)' refers to the act of constructing a new building or the state of a building being newly constructed. It is commonly used in contexts related to real estate, housing, and architecture. For example: They are planning new construction「彼らは新築を計画しています」(かれらはしんちくをけいかくしています). This house is newly built「この家は新築です」(このいえはしんちくです). The term emphasizes the freshness and newness of the construction, often implying that the building has not been previously occupied or used.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3927

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plan, Conception

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '構想 (こうそう)' refers to the act of conceiving or planning something, often in a creative or strategic context. It can describe the process of forming an idea or the blueprint for a project, story, or system. For example: The conception of this novel took years「この小説の構想には何年もかかりました」(このしょうせつのこうそうにはなんねんもかかりました). The plan for the new city was impressive「新しい都市の構想は印象的でした」(あたらしいとしのこうそうはいんしょうてきでした). This word is often used in contexts involving innovation, design, or strategy.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3928

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Installation

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '設置 (せっち)' means 'installation'. It refers to the act of setting up or installing something, such as equipment, facilities, or systems. This word is commonly used in contexts involving construction, technology, or infrastructure. For example: The installation of the new air conditioner was completed「新しいエアコンの設置が完了した」(あたらしいエアコンのせっちがかんりょうした). The company plans to install solar panels「会社はソーラーパネルの設置を計画している」(かいしゃはソーラーパネルのせっちをけいかくしている). Note that '設置' is often used in formal or technical settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3937

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lap

Reading

Kanji

一One 周Circumference

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '一周 (いっしゅう)' primarily means 'lap' or 'one full circuit'. It is commonly used in contexts involving physical movement around a track, path, or any circular route. For example: I ran one lap around the park「公園を一周走った」(こうえんをいっしゅうはしった). The Earth completes one orbit around the Sun in a year「地球は一年で太陽を一周する」(ちきゅうはいちねんでたいようをいっしゅうする). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe completing a cycle or full rotation in various contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3938

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crossing

Reading

Kanji

横Sideways 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '横断 (おうだん)' means 'crossing'. It refers to the act of crossing something, such as a street, river, or area. It is often used in contexts involving movement from one side to another. For example: crossing the street「横断歩道を渡る」(おうだんほどうをわたる). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as crossing a desert「砂漠を横断する」(さばくをおうだんする). It is important to note that '横断' is often used in compound words, such as '横断歩道 (おうだんほどう)' (crosswalk).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3945

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

継Succeed, Inherit 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '継続 (けいぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'continuity'. It refers to the act of continuing something without interruption, maintaining a state or activity over time. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, education, or personal goals. For example: The continuation of this project is essential「このプロジェクトの継続は重要です」(このぷろじぇくとのけいぞくはじゅうようです). We need to maintain the continuity of our efforts「私たちの努力の継続が必要です」(わたしたちのどりょくのけいぞくがひつようです). It can also be used in compound words like '継続性 (けいぞくせい)' (continuity) or '継続的 (けいぞくてき)' (continuous).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3946

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Together

Reading

Kanji

一One 緒Beginning, Together

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '一緒 (いっしょ)' means 'together'. It is commonly used to indicate that people or things are in the same place, doing the same thing, or sharing the same state. It can also imply unity or cooperation. For example: Let's go together「一緒に行きましょう」(いっしょにいきましょう). We ate together「一緒に食べました」(いっしょにたべました). It is often used with particles like 'に' to form phrases like '一緒に (いっしょに)', which means 'together with'. This word is versatile and can be used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3958

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recovery

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times 復Restore

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '回復 (かいふく)' means 'recovery'. It refers to the process of returning to a normal state of health, mind, or strength after an illness, injury, or difficult situation. It can also be used in contexts such as economic recovery or the recovery of lost items. For example: The patient's recovery was quick「患者の回復は早かった」(かんじゃのかいふくははやかった). The economy is showing signs of recovery「経済は回復の兆しを見せている」(けいざいはかいふくのきざしをみせている).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3965

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Traffic, Congestion

Reading

Kanji

渋Astringent, Not going smoothly 滞Stagnate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '渋滞 (じゅうたい)' primarily refers to 'traffic' or 'congestion'. It is commonly used to describe situations where vehicles are moving slowly or are at a standstill due to heavy traffic. It can also be used metaphorically to describe delays or bottlenecks in processes or systems. For example: The traffic is terrible today「今日は渋滞がひどい」(きょうはじゅうたいがひどい). There is congestion on the highway「高速道路で渋滞している」(こうそくどうろでじゅうたいしている). The meeting was delayed due to congestion in the schedule「スケジュールの渋滞で会議が遅れた」(スケジュールのじゅうたいでかいぎがおくれた).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3967

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defense

Reading

Kanji

守Protect 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '守備 (しゅび)' means 'defense'. It is commonly used in contexts related to sports, military, or general protection. In sports, it refers to the act of defending against an opponent's attack. For example: His defense is strong「彼の守備は強い」(かれのしゅびはつよい). The team needs to improve their defense「チームは守備を改善する必要がある」(チームはしゅびをかいぜんするひつようがある). In a broader sense, it can also refer to safeguarding or protecting something, such as in 'national defense' (国防, こくぼう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Returning home

Reading

Kanji

帰Return 宅House

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '帰宅 (きたく)' means 'returning home'. It is used to describe the act of going back to one's home, typically after being out for work, school, or other activities. This term is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: I will be returning home late tonight「今夜は帰宅が遅くなります」(こんやはきたくがおそくなります). After returning home, I took a bath「帰宅してからお風呂に入りました」(きたくしてからおふろにはいりました). The term can also be used in compound verbs, such as '帰宅する (きたくする)', which means 'to return home'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3975

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retreat, Backtrack

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 戻Return

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '後戻り (あともどり)' refers to the act of going back, retreating, or backtracking, either physically or metaphorically. It can describe returning to a previous location, reverting to an earlier state, or reconsidering a decision. For example: There's no retreat now「今は後戻りできない」(いまはあともどりできない). He backtracked on his decision「彼は決断を後戻りした」(かれはけつだんをあともどりした). This word is often used in contexts where progress is halted or reversed, emphasizing the inability or reluctance to move forward.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3987

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inside out

Reading

Kanji

裏Inside, Rear 返Return

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '裏返し (うらがえし)' means 'inside out' or 'reversed'. It is used to describe something that is turned inside out or flipped, often referring to clothing or objects. It can also metaphorically describe a situation or meaning that is the opposite of what is expected. For example: She wore her shirt inside out「彼女はシャツを裏返しに着ていた」(かのじょはシャツをうらがえしにきていた). The meaning of his words was the opposite of what he said「彼の言葉は裏返しの意味だった」(かれのことばはうらがえしのいみだった). This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be applied to both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4006

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Printing

Reading

Kanji

印Mark, Seal 刷Printing

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '印刷 (いんさつ)' means 'printing'. It refers to the process of producing text and images, typically with ink on paper, using a printing press or other methods. This term is commonly used in contexts related to publishing, office work, and manufacturing. For example: I will do the printing tomorrow「明日印刷をします」(あしたいんさつをします). This book is out of print「この本は絶版です」(このほんはぜっぱんです). Note that '印刷' can also be used in compound words, such as '印刷機 (いんさつき)' (printing machine) or '印刷物 (いんさつぶつ)' (printed matter).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4012

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Publish

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 版Printing block, Edition

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出版 (しゅっぱん)' means 'publish'. It refers to the act of producing and distributing written or printed material, such as books, magazines, or newspapers, for public consumption. This term is commonly used in contexts related to the publishing industry. For example: The book will be published next month「その本は来月出版されます」(そのほんはらいげつしゅっぱんされます). He works in publishing「彼は出版業界で働いています」(かれはしゅっぱんぎょうかいではたらいています). The nuance of '出版' emphasizes the formal process of making content available to the public, often through established channels like publishers or media companies.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4018

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Posting

Reading

Kanji

掲Hoist, Display, Hold up 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '掲示 (けいじ)' refers to the act of posting or displaying information publicly, such as notices, announcements, or signs. It is commonly used in contexts like bulletin boards, websites, or public spaces where information is shared. For example: The notice was posted on the bulletin board「掲示板に掲示されていた」(けいじばんにけいじされていた). Please check the posted information「掲示された情報を確認してください」(けいじされたじょうほうをかくにんしてください). This word is often used in formal or official settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4022

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excuse

Reading

Kanji

言Say 訳Reason, Translation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '言い訳 (いいわけ)' means 'excuse'. It refers to a reason or explanation given to justify or defend one's actions, often to avoid blame or responsibility. This word is commonly used in situations where someone is trying to explain away a mistake or failure. For example: He made an excuse for being late「彼は遅れた言い訳をした」(かれはおくれたいいわけをした). Don't give me excuses「言い訳をしないで」(いいわけをしないで). It can also imply a sense of insincerity or reluctance to take accountability, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4028

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Misunderstanding

Reading

Kanji

誤Mistake 解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '誤解 (ごかい)' means 'misunderstanding'. It refers to a situation where someone interprets something incorrectly or fails to grasp the true meaning of a statement, action, or situation. This word is often used in contexts where clarity or communication is important, and it can describe both minor and significant misunderstandings. For example: There was a misunderstanding between us「私たちの間に誤解があった」(わたしたちのあいだにごかいがあった). Please don't misunderstand me「私を誤解しないでください」(わたしをごかいしないでください). The word can also be used in formal or informal settings, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4035

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tidying

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 片Fragment, One sided 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '後片付け (あとかたづけ)' refers to the act of tidying up or cleaning up after an event, activity, or meal. It is commonly used in contexts where one needs to restore order or cleanliness after something has been used or done. For example: Please help with the tidying up after the party「パーティーの後片付けを手伝ってください」(パーティーのあとかたづけをてつだってください). She is good at tidying up after cooking「彼女は料理の後片付けが上手です」(かのじょはりょうりのあとかたづけがじょうずです). This word emphasizes the action of restoring order, often after a specific event or activity.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4039

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Affiliation

Reading

Kanji

所Place 属Belong

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '所属 (しょぞく)' refers to the state of belonging to or being affiliated with a group, organization, or institution. It is commonly used in contexts such as workplaces, schools, clubs, or any formal group. For example: He has an affiliation with a famous university「彼は有名な大学に所属している」(かれはゆうめいなだいがくにしょぞくしている). She belongs to the marketing department「彼女はマーケティング部門に所属している」(かのじょはマーケティングぶもんにしょぞくしている). The word emphasizes the formal or official nature of the relationship between the individual and the group.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4046

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Omission

Reading

Kanji

省Ministry, Conserve 略Abbreviation, Strategy

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '省略 (しょうりゃく)' means 'omission'. It refers to the act of leaving out or skipping over parts of something, such as words in a sentence, steps in a process, or details in a story. This term is often used in contexts where brevity or efficiency is desired. For example: Please omit the unnecessary details「不要な詳細は省略してください」(ふようなしさいはしょうりゃくしてください). The speaker omitted the introduction「スピーカーは導入部を省略した」(すぴーかーはどうにゅうぶをしょうりゃくした). It's important to note that '省略' can be used both in formal and informal contexts, and it often implies that the omitted parts are understood or can be inferred.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4052

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commemoration

Reading

Kanji

記Record 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記念 (きねん)' means 'commemoration'. It refers to the act of remembering or celebrating a significant event, person, or achievement. This word is often used in contexts like ceremonies, events, or objects created to honor a memory. For example: This monument is a commemoration of peace「この記念碑は平和の記念です」(このきねんひはへいわのきねんです). We held a commemoration ceremony「記念式典を行いました」(きねんしきてんをおこないました). It can also be used in compound words like '記念日 (きねんび)' (anniversary) or '記念品 (きねんひん)' (souvenir).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4058

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line, Matrix

Reading

Kanji

行Go 列File

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '行列 (ぎょうれつ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a 'line' or 'queue' of people waiting for something, such as at a store or event. For example: there was a long line at the bakery「パン屋に長い行列があった」(ぱんやにながいぎょうれつがあった). The second meaning refers to a 'matrix' in mathematics, which is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions arranged in rows and columns. For example: this matrix is difficult to solve「この行列は解くのが難しい」(このぎょうれつはとくのがむずかしい). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended, as the first is more common in everyday situations, while the second is used in academic or technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4081

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formation, Alignment

Reading

Kanji

整Organize 列File

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '整列 (せいれつ)' refers to the act of arranging or organizing things or people in a straight line or orderly manner. It is often used in contexts such as military formations, queues, or organizing objects. For example: The soldiers stood in perfect alignment「兵士たちは完璧に整列していた」(へいしたちはかんぺきにせいれつしていた). Please form a line「整列してください」(せいれつしてください). The books were neatly arranged on the shelf「本は棚に整列していた」(ほんはたなにせいれつしていた). The second meaning, 'formation', is used when referring to the arrangement of people or objects in a specific pattern or structure, such as in military or sports contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4082

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reduction

Reading

Kanji

削Plane, Cut by chipping 減Decrease

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '削減 (さくげん)' means 'reduction'. It refers to the act of decreasing or cutting down something, such as costs, expenses, or quantities. This term is often used in formal or business contexts. For example: The company plans to reduce costs「会社はコスト削減を計画している」(かいしゃはコストさくげんをけいかくしている). The government aims to reduce carbon emissions「政府は炭素排出量の削減を目指している」(せいふはたんそはいしゅつりょうのさくげんをめざしている). Note that '削減' is typically used with nouns to indicate what is being reduced, as in 'コスト削減 (cost reduction)' or '人員削減 (staff reduction)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4085

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deletion

Reading

Kanji

削Plane, Cut by chipping 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '削除 (さくじょ)' means 'deletion'. It refers to the act of removing or erasing something, such as data, text, or files. This term is commonly used in contexts involving computers, documents, or records. For example: Please delete this file「このファイルを削除してください」(このファイルをさくじょしてください). The unnecessary data was deleted「不要なデータが削除された」(ふようなデータがさくじょされた). It is important to note that '削除' is often used in formal or technical settings, and it implies a permanent removal rather than temporary hiding or archiving.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4086

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rest

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 養Foster

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休養 (きゅうよう)' means 'rest' or 'recuperation'. It refers to taking a break or time off to recover physically or mentally, often from work, stress, or illness. This word is commonly used in contexts related to health, work-life balance, or recovery. For example: I need rest to recover「休養が必要です」(きゅうようがひつようです). After the trip, I took a week of rest「旅行の後、一週間休養しました」(りょこうのあと、いっしゅうかんきゅうようしました). It is often used in formal or medical contexts to emphasize the importance of taking time to recover.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4107

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Struggle, Effort

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '苦心 (くしん)' refers to the act of putting in great effort or struggling to achieve something, often implying difficulty or hardship. It is commonly used to describe the mental or emotional strain involved in overcoming challenges. For example: He put a lot of effort into the project「彼はそのプロジェクトに苦心した」(かれはそのプロジェクトにくしんした). The teacher struggled to explain the concept「先生はその概念を説明するのに苦心した」(せんせいはそのがいねんをせつめいするのにくしんした). This word emphasizes the hardship or difficulty faced during the process.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4110

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hardship

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer 労Labor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '苦労 (くろう)' refers to 'hardship' or 'difficulty'. It is often used to describe the struggles, efforts, or troubles one experiences in life or work. This word carries a nuance of enduring or overcoming challenges. For example: He went through a lot of hardship「彼はたくさんの苦労をした」(かれはたくさんのくろうをした). Raising children involves a lot of hardship「子供を育てるのは苦労が多い」(こどもをそだてるのはくろうがおおい). The word can also be used in expressions like '苦労する (くろうする)', meaning 'to struggle' or 'to go through difficulties'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4118

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work, Labor

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence 労Labor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '勤労 (きんろう)' refers to the act of labor or work, often in the context of employment or contributing to society. It is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as discussing labor laws, workers' rights, or societal contributions. For example: Labor Day is a day to honor workers「勤労感謝の日は労働者を称える日です」(きんろうかんしゃのひはろうどうしゃをたたえるひです). He is dedicated to his work「彼は勤労に励んでいます」(かれはきんろうにはげんでいます). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '勤労意欲 (きんろういよく)' (work motivation) or '勤労者 (きんろうしゃ)' (worker).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4119

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficulty

Reading

Kanji

困Trouble, Distress 難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '困難 (こんなん)' means 'difficulty'. It refers to a state of being hard to accomplish, deal with, or overcome. This word is often used to describe challenging situations, problems, or obstacles. For example: overcoming difficulties「困難を乗り越える」(こんなんをのりこえる). The difficulty of the task「その課題の困難」(そのかだいのこんなん). It can also be used in phrases like 'financial difficulties'「財政困難」(ざいせいこんなん). Note that '困難' is a noun and is often used in formal or serious contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4123

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light clothing

Reading

Kanji

薄Thin, Dilute 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '薄着 (うすぎ)' refers to wearing light or thin clothing, typically suitable for warm weather or when trying to stay cool. It is often used in contexts discussing fashion, comfort, or weather-appropriate attire. For example: She prefers light clothing in summer「彼女は夏に薄着を好む」(かのじょはなつにうすぎをこのむ). Wearing light clothing can help you stay cool「薄着をすると涼しく過ごせる」(うすぎをするとすずしくすごせる). This term emphasizes the choice of attire that is less bulky or heavy, suitable for warmer climates or seasons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4145

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heavy clothing

Reading

Kanji

厚Thick, Kind 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '厚着 (あつぎ)' refers to the act of wearing heavy or thick clothing, typically to keep warm in cold weather. It is often used to describe bundling up or layering clothes. For example: She is wearing heavy clothing to stay warm「彼女は厚着をして暖かくしている」(かのじょはあつぎをしてあたたかくしている). In winter, thick clothing is necessary「冬には厚着が必要だ」(ふゆにはあつぎがひつようだ). This term is commonly used in contexts related to cold weather preparation and comfort.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4146

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reduction

Reading

Kanji

縮Shrink 小Small

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '縮小 (しゅくしょう)' means 'reduction'. It refers to the act of making something smaller in size, scale, or scope. This term is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as business, science, or policy discussions. For example: The company decided on a reduction in staff「会社は人員の縮小を決定した」(かいしゃはじんいんのしゅくしょうをけっていした). The government is planning a reduction in budget「政府は予算の縮小を計画している」(せいふはよさんのしゅくしょうをけいかくしている). It can also be used in everyday contexts, such as reducing the size of an image「画像の縮小を行った」(がぞうのしゅくしょうをおこなった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4151

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ticket gate

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 札Tag, Bill

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改札 (かいさつ)' refers to the process of checking and validating tickets at a ticket gate, typically at train stations. It is often used to describe the area where tickets are checked, as well as the act of passing through such a gate. For example: Please go through the ticket gate「改札を通ってください」(かいさつをとおってください). The ticket gate is crowded「改札が混雑している」(かいさつがこんざつしている). This term is essential for navigating public transportation in Japan, as it is a common part of the travel process.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4160

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gratitude

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 謝Apologize

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '感謝 (かんしゃ)' means 'gratitude'. It refers to the feeling of being thankful or appreciative towards someone or something. This word is commonly used in expressions of thanks, such as '感謝します (かんしゃします)' which means 'I am grateful' or 'I appreciate it'. It can also be used in various contexts to express deep appreciation or acknowledgment of kindness, help, or support received. For example: I feel deep gratitude「深い感謝を感じます」(ふかいかんしゃをかんじます). We express our gratitude to you「あなたに感謝を表します」(あなたにかんしゃをひょうします). The word is often used in formal or heartfelt situations, emphasizing sincerity and respect.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4161

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guidance

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 導Lead, Guide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '指導 (しどう)' means 'guidance' or 'instruction'. It refers to the act of teaching, directing, or leading someone, often in a formal or professional context. This word is commonly used in educational, coaching, or managerial settings. For example: The teacher provided guidance to the students「先生は生徒に指導をした」(せんせいはせいとにしどうをした). The coach's instruction improved the team's performance「コーチの指導でチームの成績が上がった」(コーチのしどうでチームのせいせきがあがった). It can also imply mentorship or leadership, as in '彼は新しい社員の指導を担当している (かれはあたらしいしゃいんのしどうをたんとうしている) (He is in charge of mentoring new employees).'

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4175

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hope

Reading

Kanji

希Wish, Hope 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '希望 (きぼう)' means 'hope'. It refers to a feeling of expectation and desire for a particular thing to happen. This word is often used to express aspirations, wishes, or desires for the future. For example: I have hope for the future「私は将来に希望を持っています」(わたしはしょうらいにきぼうをもっています). She lost hope「彼女は希望を失った」(かのじょはきぼうをうしなった). It can also be used in formal contexts, such as in job applications or surveys, to indicate preferences or desires, as in '希望の職種 (きぼうのしょくしゅ) (desired job type)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4176

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disappointment

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 望Hope, Ambition

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失望 (しつぼう)' means 'disappointment'. It refers to the feeling of sadness or dissatisfaction when something does not meet one's expectations. This word is often used to express a strong sense of letdown or disillusionment. For example: I felt deep disappointment「私は深い失望を感じた」(わたしはふかいしつぼうをかんじた). His failure caused disappointment among his supporters「彼の失敗は支持者たちに失望を与えた」(かれのしっぱいはしじしゃたちにしつぼうをあたえた). The word can also be used in phrases like '失望する (しつぼうする)' meaning 'to be disappointed'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4182

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheating

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'カンニング (kanningu)' refers to the act of cheating, particularly in an academic setting such as during exams. It is derived from the English word 'cunning' and is commonly used in educational contexts. For example: He was caught cheating on the test「彼はテストでカンニングをしているところを見つかった」(かれはテストでカンニングをしているところをみつかった). Cheating is strictly prohibited「カンニングは厳禁です」(カンニングはげんきんです). The term is widely understood and carries a negative connotation, emphasizing dishonesty in academic evaluations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

4190

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Device, Scheme

Reading

Kanji

工Construction 夫Man, Husband

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '工夫 (くふう)' refers to a device, scheme, or contrivance, often implying a clever or inventive solution to a problem. It can be used in various contexts, from physical devices to abstract strategies. For example: He devised a clever scheme to solve the problem「彼は問題を解決するための工夫をした」(かれはもんだいをかいけつするためのくふうをした). This machine is equipped with various devices「この機械には様々な工夫が施されている」(このきかいにはさまざまなくふうがほどこされている). The term emphasizes ingenuity and resourcefulness in overcoming challenges.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4196

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heartbreak

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 恋Love, Romance

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失恋 (しつれん)' refers to the experience of heartbreak or the end of a romantic relationship. It is commonly used to describe the emotional state of someone who has been rejected or has broken up with a romantic partner. For example: She is suffering from heartbreak「彼女は失恋で苦しんでいる」(かのじょはしつれんでくるしんでいる). He experienced heartbreak for the first time「彼は初めて失恋を経験した」(かれははじめてしつれんをけいけんした). The term carries a strong emotional weight and is often associated with feelings of sadness and loss.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4217

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extension, Prolongation

Reading

Kanji

延Prolong 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '延長 (えんちょう)' primarily means 'extension' or 'prolongation'. It is used to describe the act of extending something in time, space, or scope. For example, it can refer to extending a deadline, prolonging a meeting, or even extending a physical object like a cable. Example sentences: The meeting was extended「会議が延長された」(かいぎがえんちょうされた). The deadline has been extended「締め切りが延長された」(しめきりがえんちょうされた). The cable is too short, we need an extension「ケーブルが短すぎる、延長が必要だ」(ケーブルがみじかすぎる、えんちょうがひつようだ).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4222

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Postponement

Reading

Kanji

延Prolong 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '延期 (えんき)' means 'postponement'. It refers to the act of delaying or rescheduling an event, meeting, or deadline to a later time. This term is commonly used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, academics, or public events. For example: The meeting was postponed「会議は延期されました」(かいぎはえんきされました). Due to the weather, the game has been postponed「天候のため、試合は延期されました」(てんこうのため、しあいはえんきされました). Note that '延期' is often used with verbs like する (to do) or される (to be done) to indicate the action of postponing.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4223

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delight

Reading

Kanji

大Big 喜Rejoice

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '大喜び (おおよろこび)' means 'delight' or 'great joy'. It is used to express a state of being extremely happy or overjoyed about something. This term often conveys a sense of visible excitement or celebration. For example: She was delighted with the gift「彼女はプレゼントに大喜びした」(かのじょはぷれぜんとにおおよろこびした). The children were overjoyed when they saw the cake「子供たちはケーキを見て大喜びした」(こどもたちはけーきをみておおよろこびした). The term is commonly used in situations where the joy is openly expressed and shared with others.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4233

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nursing

Reading

Kanji

看Watch 護Protect, Defend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '看護 (かんご)' refers to the act or profession of nursing, which involves caring for the sick or infirm. It is commonly used in contexts related to healthcare and medical services. For example: She is studying nursing「彼女は看護を勉強しています」(かのじょはかんごをべんきょうしています). The hospital needs more nursing staff「病院はもっと看護スタッフが必要です」(びょういんはもっとかんごスタッフがひつようです). This term is often associated with professional caregiving roles and is a key concept in medical and healthcare settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4238

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nursing

Reading

Kanji

看Watch 病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '看病 (かんびょう)' refers to the act of nursing or caring for someone who is sick. It is often used in contexts where someone is providing care to a patient, whether at home or in a medical setting. This term emphasizes the attentive and compassionate aspect of caregiving. For example: She is nursing her sick mother「彼女は病気の母親を看病している」(かのじょはびょうきのははおやをかんびょうしている). The nurse provided excellent care「看護師は素晴らしい看病をした」(かんごしはすばらしいかんびょうをした). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe taking care of something in a nurturing manner, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4239

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Affirmation

Reading

Kanji

肯Assent, Agreement 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '肯定 (こうてい)' means 'affirmation' or 'positive acknowledgment'. It is used to express agreement, confirmation, or the act of affirming something. This word is often used in contexts where one acknowledges or accepts a statement, idea, or situation as true or valid. For example: His answer was an affirmation「彼の答えは肯定だった」(かれのこたえはこうていだった). We need to affirm this decision「この決定を肯定する必要がある」(このけっていをこうていするひつようがある). It can also be used in contrast to '否定 (ひてい)' (negation) to highlight a positive stance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4240

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Description

Reading

Kanji

記Record 述State, Mention

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記述 (きじゅつ)' means 'description'. It refers to the act of describing or detailing something in writing or speech. This term is often used in academic, technical, or formal contexts where precise and detailed explanations are required. For example: The description of the experiment was thorough「実験の記述は詳細だった」(じっけんのきじゅつはしょうさいだった). Please provide a description of the incident「事件の記述を提出してください」(じけんのきじゅつをていしゅつしてください). The word can also imply a systematic or structured account of facts or events.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4242

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trial

Reading

Kanji

裁Judge 判Judge, Stamp

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '裁判 (さいばん)' refers to a 'trial' or 'legal judgment'. It is used in the context of legal proceedings where a court examines evidence and arguments to decide a case. This term is often associated with criminal or civil cases. For example: The trial will start tomorrow「裁判は明日始まります」(さいばんはあしたはじまります). He was found guilty at the trial「彼は裁判で有罪とされた」(かれはさいばんでゆうざいとされた). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as '裁判所 (さいばんしょ)' meaning 'court of law'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4247

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

終End 了Finish, Complete

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '終了 (しゅうりょう)' means 'end' or 'completion'. It is used to indicate the conclusion or termination of an event, process, or activity. This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as the end of a program, meeting, or task. For example: The meeting has ended「会議が終了しました」(かいぎがしゅうりょうしました). The program will end at 5 PM「プログラムは午後5時に終了します」(プログラムはごご5じにしゅうりょうします). It can also be used in everyday situations, such as the end of a game or event. For example: The game is over「ゲームが終了しました」(ゲームがしゅうりょうしました).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4269

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Completion

Reading

Kanji

完Complete 了Finish, Complete

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '完了 (かんりょう)' means 'completion'. It refers to the act of finishing or completing something, often used in contexts where a task, process, or action has been fully carried out. For example: The project is complete「プロジェクトが完了した」(ぷろじぇくとがかんりょうした). The download is complete「ダウンロードが完了しました」(だうんろーどがかんりょうしました). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to indicate that something has reached its conclusion.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4270

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Approval, Recognition

Reading

Kanji

承Consent 認Recognize, Admit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '承認 (しょうにん)' primarily means 'approval' or 'recognition'. It is used in contexts where something is officially accepted, acknowledged, or validated. For example, in a workplace setting, it might refer to the approval of a project or a request. In a legal or formal context, it can mean the recognition of a status or right. Example sentences: The manager gave his approval for the project「マネージャーはそのプロジェクトを承認した」(マネージャーはそのプロジェクトをしょうにんした). The government recognized the new policy「政府は新しい政策を承認した」(せいふはあたらしいせいさくをしょうにんした). Note that '承認' often implies a formal or official process of approval or recognition.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4275

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acknowledgment

Reading

Kanji

承Consent 知Know

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '承知 (しょうち)' primarily means 'acknowledgment' or 'understanding'. It is often used in formal contexts to indicate that one has understood or acknowledged something, such as a request or information. For example: I understand your request「ご依頼は承知しました」(ごいらいはしょうちしました). It can also be used to express consent or agreement in a polite manner. For instance: I will take care of it as per your request「ご要望の通り承知いたしました」(ごようぼうのとおりしょうちいたしました). This term is commonly used in business or formal settings to show respect and politeness.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4276

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Persuasion

Reading

Kanji

説Theory, Explanation 得Acquire

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '説得 (せっとく)' means 'persuasion'. It refers to the act of convincing someone to agree with or accept a particular idea, opinion, or course of action. This term is often used in contexts where one person is trying to influence another's thoughts or decisions. For example: His persuasion was successful「彼の説得は成功した」(かれのせっとくはせいこうした). I tried persuasion but it didn't work「説得を試みたがうまくいかなかった」(せっとくをこころみたがうまくいかなかった). The word can also be used in more formal or serious situations, such as legal or business negotiations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4278

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drying, Dryness

Reading

Kanji

乾Dry 燥Dry, Parch, Dry up

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乾燥 (かんそう)' primarily refers to the state of being dry or the process of drying. It is commonly used in contexts related to weather, food preservation, and materials. For example: The dryness of the air is intense「空気の乾燥が激しい」(くうきのかんそうがはげしい). Drying clothes in the sun「服を乾燥させる」(ふくをかんそうさせる). This word can also be used in scientific or technical contexts, such as in describing the drying process of paint or other substances.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4281

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disband

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 散Scatter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '解散 (かいさん)' means 'disband'. It is commonly used to describe the act of a group, organization, or assembly breaking up or dissolving. For example: The club disbanded「クラブが解散した」(クラブがかいさんした). The parliament was dissolved「議会が解散された」(ぎかいがかいさんされた). This term is often used in formal or official contexts, such as political or organizational settings. It can also imply the end of a gathering or meeting, as in 'The meeting disbanded at 5 PM'「会議は午後5時に解散した」(かいぎはごご5じにかいさんした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4296

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Absorption

Reading

Kanji

吸Inhale, Suck 収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '吸収 (きゅうしゅう)' means 'absorption'. It refers to the process of taking in or assimilating something, such as liquids, knowledge, or resources. This word is often used in scientific, economic, or everyday contexts. For example: The sponge absorbs water「スポンジは水を吸収する」(スポンジはみずをきゅうしゅうする). The company absorbed its competitor「その会社は競争相手を吸収した」(そのかいしゃはきょうそうあいてをきゅうしゅうした). It can also be used metaphorically, such as absorbing knowledge or culture.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4320

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Breathing

Reading

Kanji

呼Invite, Call 吸Inhale, Suck

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '呼吸 (こきゅう)' means 'breathing'. It refers to the act of inhaling and exhaling air, which is essential for life. This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: deep breathing is important for relaxation「深呼吸はリラックスに重要です」(しんこきゅうはりらっくすにじゅうようです). The athlete focused on his breathing during the race「その選手はレース中に呼吸に集中した」(そのせんしゅはれーすちゅうにこきゅうにしゅうちゅうした). In a metaphorical sense, it can also describe the rhythm or flow of something, such as in music or teamwork.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4326

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bleeding

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 血Blood

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出血 (しゅっけつ)' means 'bleeding'. It refers to the act or process of losing blood, typically from an injury or wound. This term is commonly used in medical contexts but can also be used metaphorically to describe significant financial loss or sacrifice. For example: The patient is bleeding「患者が出血している」(かんじゃがしゅっけつしている). The company is bleeding money「会社が出血している」(かいしゃがしゅっけつしている). It's important to note that '出血' can be used both literally and figuratively, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4338

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fracture

Reading

Kanji

骨Bone 折Bend, Fold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '骨折 (こっせつ)' means 'fracture'. It refers to the breaking or cracking of a bone, often due to injury or trauma. This term is commonly used in medical contexts or when discussing injuries. For example: He has a fracture in his arm「彼は腕を骨折した」(かれはうでをこっせつした). The doctor said it's a serious fracture「医者はそれが深刻な骨折だと言った」(いしゃはそれがしんこくなこっせつだといった). Note that '骨折' can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation where someone has put in a lot of effort, as in '骨折り損のくたびれ儲け (こっせりぞんのくたびれもうけ)', meaning 'all that effort for nothing'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4349

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Diagnosis

Reading

Kanji

診Examine a patient, Diagnose 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '診断 (しんだん)' means 'diagnosis'. It refers to the process of identifying a disease, condition, or problem by examining the symptoms or characteristics. This term is commonly used in medical contexts but can also be applied in other fields like technology or business. For example: The doctor made a diagnosis「医師が診断を下した」(いしがしんだんをくだした). We need a system diagnosis「システムの診断が必要です」(システムのしんだんがひつようです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4351

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Examination

Reading

Kanji

診Examine a patient, Diagnose 察Guess

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '診察 (しんさつ)' refers to a medical examination or consultation, typically conducted by a doctor. It is used in contexts where a healthcare professional assesses a patient's condition. For example: The doctor will examine you now「医者が今診察します」(いしゃがいましんさつします). I had a medical examination yesterday「昨日診察を受けました」(きのうしんさつをうけました). This term is commonly used in medical settings and emphasizes the professional act of diagnosing or checking a patient's health.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4356

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disinfection

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 毒Poison

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '消毒 (しょうどく)' means 'disinfection'. It refers to the process of cleaning something to destroy bacteria, viruses, or other harmful microorganisms. This term is commonly used in medical, hygiene, and cleaning contexts. For example: Please disinfect the wound「傷を消毒してください」(きずをしょうどくしてください). The hospital disinfects all equipment「病院は全ての器具を消毒します」(びょういんはすべてのきぐをしょうどくします). It is often used with verbs like する (to do) or する必要がある (need to do) to indicate the action of disinfecting.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Director, Supervisor

Reading

Kanji

監Oversee 督Coach, Supervise

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '監督 (かんとく)' can mean 'director' or 'supervisor', depending on the context. As 'director', it refers to someone who directs films, plays, or other creative works. For example: He is the director of this movie「彼はこの映画の監督です」(かれはこのえいがのかんとくです). As 'supervisor', it refers to someone who oversees or manages a team, project, or organization. For example: The supervisor checked the work「監督が仕事を確認しました」(かんとくがしごとをかくにんしました). The word is versatile and widely used in both creative and professional settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4362

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Filming

Reading

Kanji

撮Snapshot, Photograph 影Shadow

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '撮影 (さつえい)' means 'filming' or 'photography'. It refers to the act of capturing images or video, often in a professional or artistic context. This term is commonly used in the film industry, photography, and media production. For example: The filming of the movie starts tomorrow「映画の撮影は明日から始まります」(えいがのさつえいはあしたからはじまります). We are doing a photoshoot in the park「公園で撮影をしています」(こうえんでさつえいをしています). The word can also be used in contexts like 'location shooting' (ロケ撮影, ろけさつえい) or 'studio filming' (スタジオ撮影, すたじおさつえい).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4363

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Activity, Success

Reading

Kanji

活Lively 躍Leap

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '活躍 (かつやく)' refers to being active, energetic, or successful in a particular field or endeavor. It is often used to describe someone who is making significant contributions or achieving notable success in their work, sports, or other activities. For example: He is very active in the business world「彼はビジネス界で大いに活躍している」(かれはビジネスかいでおおいにかつやくしている). She succeeded in her new role「彼女は新しい役割で活躍した」(かのじょはあたらしいやくわりでかつやくした). The word can also imply a sense of dynamism and prominence in one's actions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4367

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resumption

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 開Open

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '再開 (さいかい)' means 'resumption' or 'restarting'. It is used to describe the act of starting something again after it has been paused, stopped, or interrupted. This word is commonly used in contexts such as events, activities, or processes that are being resumed. For example: The meeting will resume tomorrow「会議は明日再開します」(かいぎはあしたさいかいします). Classes resumed after the holiday「休みの後、授業が再開した」(やすみのあと、じゅぎょうがさいかいした). It is important to note that '再開' often implies a formal or planned restart, rather than a spontaneous one.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4368

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Playback, Recycling

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 生Life

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '再生 (さいせい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'playback', referring to the act of playing back audio or video recordings. For example: I listened to the playback of the song「その曲の再生を聞いた」(そのきょくのさいせいをきいた). The second meaning is 'recycling', referring to the process of converting waste materials into reusable materials. For example: Recycling is important for the environment「再生は環境にとって重要だ」(さいせいはかんきょうにとってじゅうようだ). These two meanings are distinct and unrelated, hence both are included as separate meanings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4369

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reunion

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '再会 (さいかい)' means 'reunion'. It refers to the act of meeting someone again after a period of separation. This word is often used in emotional or significant contexts, such as reuniting with old friends, family members, or loved ones. For example: I had a reunion with my old friend「私は昔の友達と再会した」(わたしはむかしのともだちとさいかいした). We will have a reunion next year「私たちは来年再会するでしょう」(わたしたちはらいねんさいかいするでしょう). The word carries a sense of nostalgia and importance, emphasizing the value of reconnecting with someone after time apart.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4372

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Release

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 放Release

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '解放 (かいほう)' means 'release' or 'liberation'. It is used to describe the act of setting something or someone free from confinement, restriction, or control. This word can be applied in various contexts, such as physical release, emotional liberation, or even the release of information. For example: The prisoners were released「囚人が解放された」(しゅうじんがかいほうされた). She felt a sense of liberation「彼女は解放感を感じた」(かのじょはかいほうかんをかんじた). It is also commonly used in phrases like '解放する (かいほうする)' (to release) and '解放感 (かいほうかん)' (feeling of liberation).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4374

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Release, Opening

Reading

Kanji

開Open 放Release

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '開放 (かいほう)' can mean 'opening' or 'release', depending on the context. When referring to 'opening', it is often used to describe the act of making something accessible or available, such as opening a facility to the public. For example: The park is now open to the public「公園が開放された」(こうえんがかいほうされた). When referring to 'release', it can describe the act of setting something free or relieving pressure, such as releasing stress. For example: He released his stress by exercising「彼は運動でストレスを開放した」(かれはうんどうでストレスをかいほうした). The word is versatile and can be used in both physical and abstract contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4375

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emphasis

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy 視See, Look

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '重視 (じゅうし)' means 'emphasis' or 'importance'. It is used to indicate that something is given significant attention or priority. This term is often used in contexts where certain aspects, values, or factors are considered more critical than others. For example: The company places emphasis on customer satisfaction「会社は顧客満足を重視する」(かいしゃはこきゃくまんぞくをじゅうしする). Education is given importance in this country「この国では教育が重視される」(このくにではきょういくがじゅうしされる). The word can also be used in various contexts, such as business, education, and personal values, to highlight the significance of a particular element.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4379

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Speech

Reading

Kanji

演Perform 説Theory, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '演説 (えんぜつ)' refers to a formal or public speech, often delivered to an audience. It is commonly used in political, academic, or professional contexts. For example: The politician gave a speech「政治家は演説をした」(せいじかはえんぜつをした). His speech was very inspiring「彼の演説はとても感動的だった」(かれのえんぜつはとてもかんどうてきだった). The word can also imply a persuasive or rhetorical element, as in delivering a message to influence others. Note that '演説' is typically used for formal or structured speeches, not casual conversations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4395

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出演 (しゅつえん)' means 'appearance' and is used to describe someone's participation or performance in a public event, such as a TV show, movie, play, or concert. It is often used in contexts related to entertainment or media. For example: She made an appearance on TV「彼女はテレビに出演した」(かのじょはテレビにしゅつえんした). The actor will appear in the new movie「その俳優は新しい映画に出演する」(そのはいゆうはあたらしいえいがにしゅつえんする). Note that '出演' is commonly used in formal or professional settings and is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the act of appearing.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4400

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fixation

Reading

Kanji

固Hard 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '固定 (こてい)' refers to the act of fixing, securing, or making something immovable. It is often used in contexts where something is being anchored, stabilized, or set in place, such as in physical objects, ideas, or systems. For example: The shelf is fixed to the wall「棚は壁に固定されている」(たなはかべにこていされている). The company has a fixed policy「会社は固定された方針を持っている」(かいしゃはこていされたほうしんをもっている). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is unchanging or rigid, such as a fixed idea or belief.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4413

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sponsor

Reading

Kanji

主Master 催Hold an event, Sponsor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '主催 (しゅさい)' means 'sponsor' or 'organize'. It refers to the act of hosting, organizing, or sponsoring an event, meeting, or activity. This word is often used in formal contexts, such as business or public events. For example: The company sponsored the event「その会社がイベントを主催した」(そのかいしゃがイベントをしゅさいした). The local government organized the festival「地方政府が祭りを主催した」(ちほうせいふがまつりをしゅさいした). Note that '主催' is typically used for events or activities that require planning and coordination.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4421

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Demand, Urging

Reading

Kanji

催Hold an event, Sponsor 促Urge, Press

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '催促 (さいそく)' refers to the act of urging or pressing someone to do something, often in the context of requesting payment, action, or a response. It can also imply a demand or insistence. For example: I received a demand for payment「支払いの催促を受けました」(しはらいのさいそくをうけました). He urged me to reply quickly「彼は早く返事をするように催促した」(かれははやくへんじをするようにさいそくした). This term is commonly used in formal or business settings, where timely responses or actions are required.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4422

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Symbol

Reading

Kanji

象Elephant, Phenomenon 徴Levy, Symptom

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '象徴 (しょうちょう)' means 'symbol'. It refers to something that represents or stands for an idea, quality, or concept. This word is often used in contexts where an object, person, or event embodies a larger meaning or represents a significant idea. For example: The dove is a symbol of peace「鳩は平和の象徴です」(はとはへいわのしょうちょうです). This building symbolizes the city's history「この建物は街の歴史を象徴しています」(このたてものはまちのれきしをしょうちょうしています). The term is commonly used in discussions about culture, art, and philosophy.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4428

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Permission

Reading

Kanji

許Permit, Allow 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '許可 (きょか)' means 'permission'. It refers to the act of allowing someone to do something or granting approval for an action. This word is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as requesting permission from authorities or superiors. For example: I need permission to enter「入る許可が必要です」(はいるきょかがひつようです). Did you get permission to leave early?「早退の許可をもらいましたか？」(そうたいのきょかをもらいましたか？). It can also be used in everyday situations, such as asking for permission to borrow something: Can I have permission to use your pen?「あなたのペンを使う許可をもらえますか？」(あなたのペンをつかうきょかをもらえますか？).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4434

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Training

Reading

Kanji

訓Instruction 練Practice

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '訓練 (くんれん)' refers to 'training' or 'drill'. It is commonly used to describe the process of teaching or learning a particular skill or behavior through practice and instruction. This term is often used in contexts such as military training, sports training, or professional skill development. For example: He underwent rigorous training「彼は厳しい訓練を受けた」(かれはきびしいくんれんをうけた). The soldiers are in training「兵士たちは訓練中です」(へいしたちはくんれんちゅうです). It can also be used metaphorically to describe mental or emotional preparation, such as 'training one's mind'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kunyomi

Reading

Kanji

訓Instruction 読Read

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '訓読み (くんよみ)' refers to the Japanese reading of a kanji character, as opposed to the Chinese-derived '音読み (おんよみ)'. This reading is typically used when the kanji stands alone or is part of native Japanese words. For example: the kunyomi of 山 is 'やま'「山の訓読みは「やま」です」(やまのくんよみは「やま」です). Another example: I learned the kunyomi of this kanji「この漢字の訓読みを覚えました」(このかんじのくんよみをおぼえました). Understanding kunyomi is essential for reading and comprehending native Japanese vocabulary.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4437

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hosting

Reading

Kanji

司Director 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '司会 (しかい)' refers to the act of hosting or presiding over an event, such as a meeting, ceremony, or TV show. It is commonly used to describe the role of a person who guides the flow of an event, introduces speakers, and ensures the event runs smoothly. For example: She is hosting the event「彼女は司会をしています」(かのじょはしかいをしています). He was the host of the conference「彼は会議の司会を務めました」(かれはかいぎのしかいをつとめました). The term emphasizes the responsibility and leadership involved in managing an event.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Purchase

Reading

Kanji

購Purchase, Subscription 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '購入 (こうにゅう)' means 'purchase'. It refers to the act of buying or acquiring something, typically in a formal or commercial context. This term is often used in business settings, online shopping, or when discussing transactions. For example: I purchased a new car「新しい車を購入しました」(あたらしいくるまをこうにゅうしました). The company purchased new equipment「会社は新しい設備を購入しました」(かいしゃはあたらしいせつびをこうにゅうしました). It is important to note that '購入' is more formal than the verb '買う (かう)', which also means 'to buy' but is used in more casual contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4448

Composition

kanji

Handwriting