Jōyō KanjiOrganized by JLPT Level
JLPT N1
kanji
措Meaning
Dispose, Set aside
Reading
so
Parts
扌Hand (手)昔Old times
Example Word
措置: measure. The Japanese verbal noun '措置 (そち)' refers to a 'measure' or 'step' taken to address a situation or problem. It is often used in formal or official contexts to describe actions or policies implemented to resolve issues. For example: The government took measures to prevent the spread of the disease「政府は病気の拡散を防ぐための措置を取った」(せいふはびょうきのかくさんをふせぐためのそちをとった). The company implemented safety measures「会社は安全措置を実施した」(かいしゃはあんぜんそちをじっしした). This term is commonly used in discussions about policies, regulations, or administrative actions.
Radical
手
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1881
Handwriting
kanji
核Meaning
Nucleus
Reading
kaku
Parts
木Tree, Wood 亥
Example Word
核: nucleus or core. The Japanese noun '核 (かく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'nucleus,' which can refer to the central part of an atom, the nucleus of a cell in biology, or the core of an idea or concept. The second meaning is 'core,' which can refer to the central or most important part of something, such as the core of a fruit or the core of an issue. Example sentences: The nucleus of the cell is essential for life「細胞の核は生命に不可欠です」(さいぼうのかくはせいめいにふかけつです). The core of the problem lies in communication「問題の核はコミュニケーションにあります」(もんだいのかくはコミュニケーションにあります).
Radical
木
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1882
Handwriting
kanji
軸Meaning
Axle, Axis
Reading
jiku
Parts
車Car 由Reason
Example Word
軸: axis or shaft. The Japanese noun '軸 (じく)' primarily means 'axis' or 'shaft'. As 'axis', it refers to a central line around which something rotates or is symmetrically arranged, such as the Earth's axis「地球の軸」(ちきゅうのじく). As 'shaft', it refers to a long, cylindrical object, often used in machinery or tools, like the shaft of a screwdriver「ドライバーの軸」(ドライバーのじく). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a central or pivotal element in a concept or system, such as the axis of an argument「議論の軸」(ぎろんのじく).
Radical
車
Stroke Count
12JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1883
Handwriting
kanji
披Meaning
Unfold, Expose
Reading
hi
Parts
扌Hand (手)皮Skin
Example Word
披露: announcement. The Japanese noun '披露 (ひろう)' refers to an announcement or a public declaration, often used in formal contexts. It is commonly associated with events where something is revealed or presented to the public, such as a wedding announcement or the unveiling of a new project. For example: The couple made their wedding announcement「カップルは結婚を披露した」( かっぷるはけっこんをひろうした). The company unveiled its new product「会社は新製品を披露した」(かいしゃはしんせいひんをひろうした). This word carries a sense of formality and is often used in ceremonial or official settings.
Radical
手
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1885
Handwriting
kanji
胞Meaning
Placenta, Membranous sac
Reading
hou
Parts
月Moon, Month 包Wrap
Example Word
細胞: cell. The Japanese noun '細胞 (さいぼう)' refers to a 'cell', the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. This term is commonly used in biological and medical contexts. For example: cells divide「細胞が分裂する」(さいぼうがぶんれつする). The human body is made up of many cells「人体は多くの細胞でできている」(じんたいはおおくのさいぼうでできている). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the smallest unit of an organization or system, such as a 'cell' in a political or social group.
Radical
肉
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1887
Handwriting
kanji
殴Meaning
Beat, Assault
Reading
nagu
onyomiおうou
Parts
区District 殳Pike
Example Word
殴る: hit. The Japanese verb '殴る (なぐる)' means 'to hit' or 'to strike', specifically with a fist or hand. It is often used to describe physical violence or a punch. This verb carries a strong connotation of aggression and is typically used in contexts involving conflict or physical altercations. For example: He hit the man「彼はその男を殴った」(かれはそのおとこをなぐった). Don't hit people「人を殴るな」(ひとをなぐるな). The verb can also be used metaphorically, but this is less common. It is important to note that this word is informal and can sound harsh or violent depending on the context.
Radical
殳
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1892
Handwriting
kanji
践Meaning
Tread, Implement
Reading
fu
onyomiせんsen
Parts
足Foot, Sufficient 㦮
Example Word
実践: practice. The Japanese noun '実践 (じっせん)' means 'practice' in the sense of putting theory or knowledge into action. It is often used in contexts related to education, training, or personal development, where the focus is on applying what has been learned. For example: Practice is important for mastering a skill「実践はスキルを習得するために重要です」(じっせんはスキルをしゅうとくするためにじゅうようです). He put his ideas into practice「彼は自分の考えを実践した」(かれはじぶんのかんがえをじっせんした). The word emphasizes the active application of knowledge rather than just theoretical understanding.
Radical
足
Stroke Count
13JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1900
Handwriting
kanji
需Meaning
Demand, Need
Reading
ju
Parts
而 雨Rain
Example Word
需要: demand. The Japanese noun '需要 (じゅよう)' means 'demand'. It is commonly used in economic, business, and market contexts to refer to the desire or need for goods, services, or resources. For example: the demand for electric cars is increasing「電気自動車の需要が増えている」(でんきじどうしゃのじゅようがふえている). There is high demand for skilled workers「熟練労働者の需要が高い」(じゅくれんろうどうしゃのじゅようがたかい). This word is often paired with '供給 (きょうきゅう)' (supply) to discuss market dynamics, as in 'supply and demand'「需要と供給」(じゅようときょうきゅう).
Radical
雨
Stroke Count
14JLPT
N1Grade
7Frequency
1902
Handwriting
kanji
挑Meaning
Challenge
Reading
ido
onyomiちょうchou
Parts
扌Hand (手)兆Omen, Trillion
Example Word
挑戦: challenge. The Japanese verbal noun '挑戦 (ちょうせん)' means 'challenge'. It refers to the act of taking on a difficult task, problem, or opponent, often with the intention of overcoming it. This word is commonly used in contexts such as sports, personal goals, or professional endeavors. For example: He accepted the challenge「彼は挑戦を受け入れた」(かれはちょうせんをうけいれた). I want to challenge myself「自分自身に挑戦したい」(じぶんじしんにちょうせんしたい). The nuance of '挑戦' often implies courage and determination to face something difficult or new.
Radical
手
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1908
Handwriting
kanji
衡Meaning
Balance, Equilibrium
Reading
kou
Parts
行Go
Example Word
均衡: balance. The Japanese noun '均衡 (きんこう)' means 'balance' or 'equilibrium'. It is often used to describe a state of stability or equal distribution between opposing forces, elements, or conditions. This word is commonly used in contexts such as economics, physics, and everyday life to describe a harmonious or stable state. For example: The balance of power between the two countries is maintained「二つの国の間の力の均衡が保たれている」(ふたつのくにのあいだのちからのきんこうがたもたれている). The ecosystem is in balance「生態系は均衡を保っている」(せいたいけいはきんこうをたもっている). It can also refer to a mental or emotional balance, as in: She regained her emotional balance after the incident「彼女はその出来事の後に感情の均衡を取り戻した」(かのじょはそのできごとのあとにかんじょうのきんこうをとりもどした).
Radical
行
Stroke Count
16JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1909
Handwriting
kanji
虹Meaning
Rainbow
Reading
niji
onyomiこうkou
Parts
虫Insect 工Construction
Example Word
虹: rainbow. The Japanese noun '虹 (にじ)' means 'rainbow'. It refers to the meteorological phenomenon caused by reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets, resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and literature to describe the beauty of nature. For example: The rainbow is beautiful「虹がきれいだ」(にじがきれいだ). I saw a rainbow after the rain「雨の後に虹を見た」(あめのあとににじをみた). The word '虹' is often associated with positive imagery and is sometimes used metaphorically to represent hope or a bridge between different worlds.
Radical
虫
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N1Grade
10Frequency
1914
Handwriting
kanji
剤Meaning
Medicine, Dose
Reading
zai
Parts
斉Uniform, Adjusted 刂Sword (刀)
Example Word
剤: agent. The Japanese suffix '剤 (ざい)' is used to denote a type of agent, often in the context of chemicals, medicines, or substances that have a specific function. It is commonly found in words related to pharmaceuticals, cleaning agents, or other chemical compounds. For example: medicine「薬剤」(やくざい), cleaning agent「洗剤」(せんざい), and insecticide「殺虫剤」(さっちゅうざい). This suffix is typically attached to a noun to specify the type of agent being referred to. It is important to note that '剤' is not used as a standalone word but always as a suffix.
Radical
刀
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
7Frequency
1915
Handwriting
kanji
峡Meaning
Gorge, Ravine
Reading
hazama
onyomiこうkou
きょうkyou
Parts
山Mountain 夹
Example Word
海峡: strait. The Japanese noun '海峡 (かいきょう)' refers to a 'strait', which is a narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water. This term is often used in geographical contexts to describe natural waterways. For example: The strait is very narrow「その海峡はとても狭い」(そのかいきょうはとてもせまい). Ships pass through the strait「船が海峡を通る」(ふねがかいきょうをとおる). The word is commonly used in discussions about geography, navigation, and marine environments.
Radical
山
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1916
Handwriting
kanji
墜Meaning
Fall, Crash
Reading
tsui
Parts
隊Squad 土Soil
Example Word
墜落: crash. The Japanese verbal noun '墜落 (ついらく)' means 'crash', specifically referring to a fall or crash from a height, such as an airplane or object falling to the ground. It is often used in contexts involving accidents or disasters. For example: the airplane crashed「飛行機が墜落した」(ひこうきがついらくした). The satellite crashed into the ocean「衛星が海に墜落した」(えいせいがうみについらくした). This word carries a serious and dramatic connotation, often implying significant damage or loss.
Radical
土
Stroke Count
15JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1918
Handwriting
kanji
拓Meaning
Reclaim, Cultivation
Reading
taku
Parts
扌Hand (手)石Stone
Example Word
開拓: development or pioneering. The Japanese noun '開拓 (かいたく)' refers to the act of pioneering or developing new land, ideas, or fields. It is often used in contexts related to exploring uncharted territories, creating new opportunities, or advancing in a particular area. For example: Pioneering new markets is essential for growth「新しい市場の開拓は成長に不可欠だ」(あたらしいしじょうのかいたくはせいちょうにふかけつだ). They are developing unused land「彼らは未使用の土地を開拓している」(かれらはみしようのとちをかいたくしている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe innovation or breaking new ground in various fields.
Radical
手
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N1Grade
7Frequency
1920
Handwriting
kanji
雌Meaning
Female
Reading
me
めすmesu
めんmen
onyomiしshi
Parts
此 隹Bird
Example Word
雌: female. The Japanese noun '雌 (めす)' refers to the female of a species, particularly in animals. It is commonly used to distinguish the sex of animals, such as in '雌の猫 (めすのねこ)' meaning 'female cat'. This term is often used in biological contexts or when specifying the gender of animals. For example: That is a female bird「あれは雌の鳥です」(あれはめすのとりです). The female dog is gentle「雌の犬はおとなしい」(めすのいぬはおとなしい). Note that '雌' is less commonly used for humans; instead, '女性 (じょせい)' is preferred when referring to female humans.
Radical
隹
Stroke Count
14JLPT
N1Grade
7Frequency
1924
Handwriting
kanji
憧Meaning
Yearn, Long for
Reading
akoga
onyomiしょうshou
どうdou
とうtou
Parts
忄 童Juvenile
Example Word
憧れ: longing. The Japanese noun '憧れ (あこがれ)' refers to a feeling of longing or yearning, often for something or someone that is admired or idealized. It conveys a sense of aspiration or desire for something unattainable or distant. This word is commonly used to describe admiration for a person, a lifestyle, or a dream. For example: I have a longing for Paris「私はパリに憧れている」(わたしはパリにあこがれている). She has always had a longing to become a singer「彼女は歌手になることに憧れていた」(かのじょはかしゅになることにあこがれていた). The nuance of '憧れ' often carries a positive and romanticized tone, emphasizing the beauty or allure of the object of desire.
Radical
心
Stroke Count
15JLPT
N1Grade
10Frequency
1926
Handwriting
kanji
庶Meaning
Commoner, Manifold
Reading
sho
Parts
广Dotted cliff 廿Twenty 灬Fire (火)
Example Word
庶民: commoners. The Japanese noun '庶民 (しょみん)' refers to 'commoners' or 'ordinary people'. It is used to describe the general populace, as opposed to the elite or aristocracy. This term often carries a neutral or slightly humble connotation, emphasizing the everyday lives of regular people. For example: The life of commoners is simple「庶民の生活はシンプルだ」(しょみんのせいかつはシンプルだ). Commoners enjoy festivals too「庶民もお祭りを楽しむ」(しょみんもおまつりをたのしむ). The word is commonly used in historical contexts or when discussing social classes, but it can also appear in modern contexts to contrast ordinary people with those in positions of power or wealth.
Radical
广
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1931
Handwriting
kanji
妥Meaning
Gentle, Come to terms
Reading
da
Parts
女Woman 爪Claw
Example Word
妥当: appropriate. The Japanese noun '妥当 (だとう)' means 'appropriate' or 'reasonable'. It is used to describe something that is suitable, fitting, or justifiable in a given context. This word is often used in formal or logical discussions to evaluate whether an action, decision, or idea is reasonable or valid. For example: His opinion is appropriate「彼の意見は妥当だ」(かれのいけんはだとうだ). This plan seems reasonable「このプランは妥当だ」(このプランはだとうだ). The word can also be used in the form '妥当性 (だとうせい)', which means 'validity' or 'reasonableness', often in academic or professional contexts.
Radical
女
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1934
Handwriting
kanji
迅Meaning
Swift
Reading
jin
Parts
⻌Walk 卂
Example Word
迅速: quick. The Japanese adjectival noun '迅速 (じんそく)' means 'quick' or 'swift'. It is used to describe actions, processes, or responses that are done with speed and efficiency. This term often carries a positive connotation, implying not just speed but also effectiveness. For example: The response was quick「迅速な対応だった」(じんそくなたいおうだった). The delivery was swift「迅速な配達でした」(じんそくはいたつでした). It is commonly used in formal or professional contexts to praise efficiency.
Radical
辵
Stroke Count
6JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1935
Handwriting
kanji
陛Meaning
Majesty
Reading
hei
Parts
⻖ 坒
Example Word
陛下: majesty. The Japanese noun '陛下 (へいか)' is a term of respect used to refer to a reigning emperor or empress. It is a formal and honorific title, often used in official or ceremonial contexts. For example: His Majesty the Emperor「天皇陛下」(てんのうへいか). Her Majesty the Empress「皇后陛下」(こうごうへいか). The term is always used with the utmost respect and is not used in casual conversation. It is important to note that '陛下' is not used to refer to oneself or to address someone directly; it is used when speaking about the emperor or empress in the third person.
Radical
阜
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
6Frequency
1940
Handwriting
kanji
簿Meaning
Notebook for record, Record book
Reading
bo
Example Word
名簿: roster. The Japanese noun '名簿 (めいぼ)' refers to a 'roster' or 'register', which is a list of names, typically used in formal or organizational contexts. It is commonly used in schools, companies, or events to keep track of participants, members, or attendees. For example: Please check the roster for your name「名簿に名前があるか確認してください」(めいぼになまえがあるかかくにんしてください). The teacher updated the class roster「先生がクラスの名簿を更新しました」(せんせいがクラスのめいぼをこうしんしました). This word is often associated with administrative or official settings.
Radical
竹
Stroke Count
19JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1943
Handwriting
kanji
班Meaning
Group, Squad
Reading
han
Parts
王King 刂Sword (刀)
Example Word
班: group or squad. The Japanese noun '班 (はん)' refers to a small group or squad, often organized for a specific purpose or task. It is commonly used in contexts such as school activities, work projects, or military units. For example: The students formed a group for the project「学生たちはプロジェクトのための班を作った」(がくせいたちはぷろじぇくとのためのはんをつくった). The squad completed the mission successfully「班は任務を成功させた」(はんはにんむをせいこうさせた). The word emphasizes the organized and functional nature of the group, rather than just a casual gathering.
Radical
玉
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
6Frequency
1945
Handwriting
kanji
茎Meaning
Stem
Reading
kuki
onyomiけいkei
きょうkyou
Parts
艹Grass 圣Holy
Example Word
茎: stem. The Japanese noun '茎 (くき)' refers to the 'stem' of a plant. It is the main structural part that supports leaves, flowers, and fruits, and transports nutrients and water. This word is commonly used in botanical contexts or when describing plants. For example: The stem of this flower is long「この花の茎は長い」(このはなのくきはながい). Please cut the stems of the vegetables「野菜の茎を切ってください」(やさいのくきをきってください). The term is straightforward and primarily used in contexts related to plants and gardening.
Radical
艸
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1947
Handwriting
kanji
繊Meaning
Fine, Fiber
Reading
sen
Parts
糸Thread
Example Word
繊維: fiber. The Japanese noun '繊維 (せんい)' refers to 'fiber', which can denote natural or synthetic threads used in textiles, or biological fibers in living organisms. It is commonly used in contexts related to materials, textiles, and biology. For example: cotton fiber「綿の繊維」(わたのせんい). This fabric is made from synthetic fibers「この布は合成繊維でできています」(このぬのはごうせいせんいでできています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something delicate or fine, like the fibers of a relationship.
Radical
糸
Stroke Count
17JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1948
Handwriting
kanji
尿Meaning
Urine, Pee
Reading
nyou
Parts
尸Corpse 水Water
Example Word
尿: urine. The Japanese noun '尿 (にょう)' refers to 'urine', the liquid waste product excreted by the kidneys and expelled from the body. This term is commonly used in medical, scientific, and everyday contexts. For example: The doctor examined the urine sample「医師は尿のサンプルを調べた」(いしはにょうのサンプルをしらべた). There is blood in the urine「尿に血が混じっている」(にょうにちがまじっている). It is a neutral term and can be used in both formal and informal settings.
Radical
尸
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1954
Handwriting
kanji
栽Meaning
Plant, Planting
Reading
sai
Parts
木Tree, Wood
Example Word
栽培: cultivation. The Japanese verbal noun '栽培 (さいばい)' means 'cultivation'. It refers to the process of growing and nurturing plants, crops, or other agricultural products. This term is commonly used in contexts related to farming, gardening, or horticulture. For example: The cultivation of rice is important in Japan「米の栽培は日本で重要です」(こめのさいばいはにほんでじゅうようです). They are cultivating vegetables in the garden「彼らは庭で野菜を栽培しています」(かれらはにわでやさいをさいばいしています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the nurturing or development of skills, ideas, or relationships, though this usage is less common.
Radical
木
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1955
Handwriting
kanji
娯Meaning
Enjoyment, Recreation
Reading
go
Parts
女Woman 呉Give, Wu China
Example Word
娯楽: entertainment. The Japanese noun '娯楽 (ごらく)' refers to 'entertainment' or 'amusement'. It is used to describe activities or forms of enjoyment that provide pleasure or relaxation. This word is often used in contexts related to leisure, such as movies, games, or recreational activities. For example: watching movies is a form of entertainment「映画を見ることは娯楽です」(えいがをみることはごらくです). This park is a place for entertainment「この公園は娯楽の場所です」(このこうえんはごらくのばしょです). The term can also be used in a broader sense to describe anything that brings joy or diversion from daily routines.
Radical
女
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1956
Handwriting
kanji
奨Meaning
Urge, Encourage
Reading
shou
Parts
大Big 将Leader, Commander
Example Word
奨 学金: scholarship. The Japanese noun '奨学金 (しょうがくきん)' refers to a 'scholarship', which is financial aid awarded to students to help pay for their education. This term is commonly used in academic contexts and can refer to both merit-based and need-based scholarships. For example: I received a scholarship「奨学金をもらいました」(しょうがくきんをもらいました). She applied for a scholarship「彼女は奨学金に申し込んだ」(かのじょはしょうがくきんにもうしこんだ). It is important to note that '奨学金' is often associated with higher education, such as university or graduate school, and can cover tuition, living expenses, or both.
Radical
大
Stroke Count
13JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1957
Handwriting
kanji
訂Meaning
Correct, Revise
Reading
tei
Parts
言Say 丁Street
Example Word
訂正: correction. The Japanese verbal noun '訂正 (ていせい)' means 'correction'. It refers to the act of revising or amending something to make it right or accurate. This term is commonly used in contexts such as correcting errors in documents, statements, or data. For example: Please make the necessary corrections「必要な訂正をしてください」(ひつようなていせいをしてください). The teacher made a correction to the student's answer「先生は学生の答えを訂正しました」(せんせいはがくせいのこたえをていせいしました). It is important to note that '訂正' is often used in formal or professional settings where accuracy is crucial.
Radical
言
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1960
Handwriting
kanji
穫Meaning
Harvest
Reading
kaku
Parts
禾Cereal 蒦
Example Word
収穫: harvest. The Japanese verbal noun '収穫 (しゅうかく)' primarily means 'harvest'. It refers to the process or result of gathering crops from the fields. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the fruits of one's labor or efforts in a broader sense. For example: The harvest this year was abundant「今年の収穫は豊かだった」(ことしのしゅうかくはゆたかだった). We are looking forward to the harvest of our hard work「私たちの努力の収穫を楽しみにしている」(わたしたちのどりょくのしゅうかくをたのしみにしている). It is important to note that '収穫' is often used in agricultural contexts but can extend to other areas where results or outcomes are gathered.
Radical
禾
Stroke Count
18JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1963
Handwriting
kanji
膜Meaning
Membrane
Reading
maku
Parts
月Moon, Month 莫
Example Word
膜: membrane. The Japanese noun '膜 (まく)' refers to a thin, flexible layer of tissue or material that covers or separates parts of an organism or object. It is commonly used in both biological and technical contexts. For example: the cell membrane is important「細胞膜は重要です」(さいぼうまくはじゅうようです). The plastic wrap is a thin membrane「そのラップは薄い膜です」(そのラップはうすいまくです). In medical contexts, it can refer to membranes in the body, such as the mucous membrane '粘膜 (ねんまく)'. The word can also be used metaphorically to describe thin layers in non-biological contexts, such as films or coatings.
Radical
肉
Stroke Count
14JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1964
Handwriting
kanji
菌Meaning
Fungus, Bacteria
Reading
kin
Parts
艹Grass 囷
Example Word
菌: germ. The Japanese noun '菌 (きん)' refers to 'germ' or 'microorganism'. It is commonly used in contexts related to biology, medicine, and hygiene. This term can refer to bacteria, fungi, or other microscopic organisms, often with a negative connotation when discussing illness or contamination. For example: wash your hands to remove germs「手 を洗って菌を落とす」(てをあらってきんをおとす). This food has harmful bacteria「この食べ物には有害な菌がいる」(このたべものにはゆうがいなきんがいる). The word is also used in scientific contexts, such as '乳酸菌 (にゅうさんきん)' (lactic acid bacteria).
Radical
艸
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1968
Handwriting
kanji
肢Meaning
Limb, Arms & legs
Reading
shi
Parts
肉Meat 支Branch, Support
Example Word
肢: limb. The Japanese suffix '肢 (し)' refers to a 'limb' or 'appendage'. It is often used in compound words to denote parts of the body, particularly arms and legs. This suffix is commonly found in medical or anatomical terms. For example: upper limb「上肢」(じょうし). lower limb「下肢」(かし). It can also be used metaphorically to describe branches or extensions of something, such as in organizational structures. For example: the branch of a company「会社の肢」(かいしゃのし). Note that this suffix is rarely used alone and is typically part of a larger compound word.
Radical
肉
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1973
Handwriting
kanji
購Meaning
Purchase, Subscription
Reading
kou
Parts
貝Shellfish 冓
Example Word
購入: purchase. The Japanese verbal noun '購入 (こうにゅう)' means 'purchase'. It refers to the act of buying or acquiring something, typically in a formal or commercial context. This term is often used in business settings, online shopping, or when discussing transactions. For example: I purchased a new car「新しい車を購入しました」(あたらしいくるまをこうにゅうしました). The company purchased new equipment「会社は新しい設備を購入しました」(かいしゃはあたらしいせつびをこうにゅうしました). It is important to note that '購入' is more formal than the verb '買う (かう)', which also means 'to buy' but is used in more casual contexts.
Radical
貝
Stroke Count
17JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1976
Handwriting
kanji
軌Meaning
Track, Rut
Reading
ki
Parts
車Car 九Nine
Example Word
軌道: track or orbit. The Japanese noun '軌道 (きどう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'orbit', referring to the path an object takes around a celestial body, such as a planet or star. For example: The satellite entered Earth's orbit「衛星は地球の軌道に入った」(えいせいはちきゅうのきどうにはいった). The second meaning is 'track', referring to the physical rails on which trains or trams run. For example: The train derailed from the track「電車が軌道から外れた」(でんしゃがきどうからはずれた). These meanings are distinct and unrelated, hence both are included. The word is commonly used in both scientific and transportation contexts.
Radical
車
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1986
Handwriting
kanji
詐Meaning
Lie, Swindle
Reading
itsuwa
onyomiさsa
Parts
訁Say (言)乍
Example Word
詐欺: fraud. The Japanese noun '詐欺 (さぎ)' means 'fraud'. It refers to the act of deceiving someone for personal gain, often involving money or property. This word is commonly used in legal, financial, and everyday contexts to describe scams, swindles, or dishonest schemes. For example: He was arrested for fraud「彼は詐欺で逮捕された」(かれはさぎでたいほされた). This is a classic case of fraud「これは典型的な詐欺です」(これはてんけいてきなさぎです). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '詐欺師 (さぎし)' (fraudster or con artist).
Radical
言
Stroke Count
12JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1987
Handwriting
kanji
債Meaning
Debt
Reading
sai
Parts
亻Person (人)責Blame, Liability
Example Word
債務: debt. The Japanese noun '債務 (さいむ)' refers to a financial obligation or debt. It is commonly used in legal, financial, or business contexts to describe liabilities or obligations that one party owes to another. For example: The company has a large debt「その会社は大きな債務を抱えている」(そのかいしゃはおおきなさいむをかかえている). He is responsible for paying the debt「彼は債務を支払う責任がある」(かれはさいむをしはらうせきにんがある). This term is often used in formal settings and is distinct from more casual terms for debt like '借金 (しゃっきん)'.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
13JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
1993
Handwriting
kanji
唆Meaning
Entice, Instigate
Reading
soso
そそのかsosonoka
onyomiさsa
Parts
口Mouth 夋
Example Word
示唆: hint. The Japanese noun '示唆 (しさ)' means 'hint' or 'suggestion'. It refers to an indirect indication or clue that implies something without stating it explicitly. This word is often used in formal or intellectual contexts, such as academic discussions, literature, or professional advice. For example: The professor gave a hint about the exam questions「教授は試験問題について示唆を与えた」(きょうじゅはしけんもんだいについてしさをあたえた). Her words contained a subtle suggestion「彼女の言葉には微妙な示唆が含まれていた」(かのじょのことばにはびみょうなしさがふくまれていた). Note that '示唆' is more formal than other words like 'ヒント' (hint) or '暗示' (あんじ, implication), and it often carries a nuanced or sophisticated tone.
Radical
口
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
1997
Handwriting
kanji
枠Meaning
Frame
Reading
waku
Parts
木Tree, Wood 卆
Example Word
枠: frame or limit. The Japanese noun '枠 (わく)' primarily means 'frame' or 'limit'. As 'frame', it refers to a physical or conceptual structure that surrounds or encloses something, such as a picture frame or a window frame. For example: the frame of the picture is beautiful「その絵の枠は美しい」(そのえのわくはうつくしい). As 'limit', it refers to boundaries or constraints, whether physical, temporal, or abstract. For example: we need to work within the limits of the budget「予算の枠内で働く必要がある」(よさんのわくないではたらくひつようがある). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe societal or personal boundaries.
Radical
木
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
2000
Handwriting
kanji
疫Meaning
Epidemic
Reading
eki
やくyaku
Parts
疒Sick 殳Pike
Example Word
免疫: immunity. The Japanese noun '免疫 (めんえき)' means 'immunity'. It refers to the biological defense mechanism of an organism against diseases or infections. This term is commonly used in medical and health-related contexts. For example: he has strong immunity「彼は免疫が強い」(かれはめんえきがつよい). Vaccines help build immunity「ワクチンは免疫を作るのに役立つ」(ワクチンはめんえきをつくるのにやくだつ). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe resistance to non-biological influences, such as stress or criticism, though this usage is less common.
Radical
疒
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
2001
Handwriting
kanji
憩Meaning
Rest
Reading
iko
onyomiけいkei
Parts
心Heart 舌Tongue 自Self
Example Word
休憩: break. The Japanese verbal noun '休憩 (きゅうけい)' means 'break'. It refers to a short period of rest or pause, often taken during work, study, or other activities. This word is commonly used in contexts like taking a break at work or during a long journey. For example: Let's take a break「休憩しましょう」(きゅうけいしましょう). We took a break after two hours of work「2時間働いた後、休憩しました」(にじかんはたらいたあと、きゅうけいしました). It's important to note that '休憩' is often used in formal or semi-formal settings, and it implies a temporary pause with the intention to resume the activity afterward.
Radical
心
Stroke Count
16JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
2002
Handwriting
kanji
圏Meaning
Sphere, Range
Reading
ken
Parts
囗Box 巻Scroll
Example Word
圏: sphere or region. The Japanese suffix '圏 (けん)' is used to denote a sphere, region, or area, often in a geographical, cultural, or conceptual sense. It is commonly attached to nouns to specify a particular area or domain. For example: the economic sphere「経済圏」(けいざいけん). The metropolitan area「首都圏」(しゅとけん). The influence sphere「影響圏」(えいきょうけん). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to describe boundaries or areas of influence.
Radical
囗
Stroke Count
12JLPT
N1Grade
7Frequency
2004
Handwriting
kanji
薦Meaning
Recommend, Mat
Reading
susu
onyomiせんsen
Parts
艹Grass 廌
Example Word
推薦: recommendation. The Japanese verbal noun '推薦 (すいせん)' means 'recommendation'. It is used to describe the act of recommending someone or something, often in formal contexts such as job applications, school admissions, or endorsements. For example: I received a recommendation from my teacher「先生から推薦をもらいました」(せんせいからすいせん をもらいました). The company gave him a strong recommendation「会社は彼に強い推薦をしました」(かいしゃはかれにつよいすいせんをしました). This term is commonly used in professional or academic settings where formal endorsements are required.
Radical
艸
Stroke Count
16JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
2005
Handwriting
kanji
舗Meaning
Shop, Pave
Reading
ho
Parts
舎House, Quarters 甫
Example Word
店舗: shop or store. The Japanese noun '店舗 (てんぽ)' refers to a physical retail establishment, such as a store or shop. It is commonly used to describe a place where goods or services are sold to customers. This term is often used in business contexts, such as when discussing the number of stores a company operates or the location of a shop. For example: The store is located in the city center「その店舗は街の中心にあります」(そのてんぽはまちのちゅうしんにあります). They are planning to open a new shop「新しい店舗を開く予定です」(あたらしいてんぽをひらくよていです). Note that '店舗' is a more formal term compared to '店 (みせ)', which is a more general and casual term for a shop.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
15JLPT
N1Grade
7Frequency
2007
Handwriting
kanji
培Meaning
Cultivate
Reading
tsuchika
onyomiばいbai
Parts
土Soil 咅Spit
Example Word
栽培: cultivation. The Japanese verbal noun '栽培 (さいばい)' means 'cultivation'. It refers to the process of growing and nurturing plants, crops, or other agricultural products. This term is commonly used in contexts related to farming, gardening, or horticulture. For example: The cultivation of rice is important in Japan「米の栽培は日本で重要です」(こめのさいばいはにほんでじゅう ようです). They are cultivating vegetables in the garden「彼らは庭で野菜を栽培しています」(かれらはにわでやさいをさいばいしています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the nurturing or development of skills, ideas, or relationships, though this usage is less common.
Radical
土
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
2011
Handwriting
kanji
剰Meaning
Surplus
Reading
ama
あまつさえamatsusae
onyomiじょうjou
Parts
乗Ride 刂Sword (刀)
Example Word
過剰: excess. The Japanese noun '過剰 (かじょう)' means 'excess'. It refers to an amount or degree that is more than necessary, appropriate, or desirable. This word is often used in contexts related to overproduction, overconsumption, or excessive behavior. For example: The factory produced an excess of goods「工場は過剰な商品を生産した」(こうじょうはかじょうなしょうひんをせいさんした). His excessive worry is causing stress「彼の過剰な心配がストレスを引き起こしている」(かれのかじょうなしんぱいがすとれすをひきおこしている). The term can also be used in medical or scientific contexts to describe an overabundance of something, such as hormones or nutrients.
Radical
刀
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N1Grade
9Frequency
2012
Handwriting