Jōyō KanjiOrganized by JLPT Level
JLPT N4
kanji
思Meaning
Think
Reading
omo
onyomiしshi
Parts
心Heart 田Rice field
Example Word
思い切る: decide. The Japanese verb '思い切る (おもいきる)' means 'to decide' or 'to make up one's mind'. It conveys the idea of making a firm decision, often after some hesitation or deliberation. This verb is commonly used when someone resolves to take action or make a choice, especially in situations that require courage or a significant change. For example: I decided to quit my job「仕事を辞めることを思い切った」(しごとをやめることをおもいきった). She finally decided to confess her feelings「彼女はついに気持ちを打ち明けることを思い切った」(かのじょはついにきもちをうちあけることをおもいきった). Note that '思い切る' often implies a sense of determination or resolve, making it suitable for situations where a decisive action is taken.
Radical
心
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
9
Handwriting
kanji
私Meaning
Private, Me
Reading
watashi
わたくしwatakushi
onyomiしshi
Parts
禾Cereal 厶Private
Example Word
私立: private. The Japanese noun '私立 (しりつ)' means 'private'. This term is commonly used to describe institutions, particularly schools or universities, that are privately funded and operated, as opposed to public or government-run institutions. For example: I attend a private university「私は私立大学に通っています」(わたしはしりつだいがくにかよっています). This is a private school「これは私立の学校です」(これはしりつのがっこうです). The term can also be used more broadly to describe other privately owned or operated entities, but it is most frequently associated with educational institutions.
Radical
禾
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N4Grade
6Frequency
15
Handwriting
kanji
事Meaning
Thing
Reading
koto
onyomiじji
Parts
⺕Hand 亅Barb 一One 口Mouth
Example Word
事業: business. The Japanese noun '事業 (じぎょう)' refers to a business, enterprise, or project. It is often used to describe commercial activities, large-scale operations, or initiatives undertaken by companies, organizations, or individuals. This term can apply to both for-profit and non-profit ventures. For example: He started a new business「彼は新しい事業を始めた」(かれはあたらしいじぎょうをはじめた). The company is expanding its overseas operations「その会社は海外事業を拡大している」(そのかいしゃはかいがいじぎょうをかくだいしている). Note that '事業' often implies a formal or structured undertaking, distinguishing it from smaller-scale or informal activities.
Radical
亅
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
16
Handwriting
kanji
自Meaning
Self
Reading
mizuka
onyomiじji
しshi
Parts
目Eye 丿Katakana no
Example Word
自由: freedom or liberty. The Japanese adjectival noun '自由 (じゆう)' primarily means 'freedom' or 'liberty'. It refers to the state of being free from constraints, whether physical, social, or psychological. This word is often used in contexts discussing personal freedom, free will, or the absence of restrictions. For example: I want freedom「自由が欲しい」(じゆうがほしい). Children have the freedom to play「子供たちは自由に遊べる」(こどもたちはじゆうにあそべる). It can also describe something being optional or unrestricted, as in 'free seating'「自由席」(じゆうせき). Note that while 'freedom' and 'liberty' are closely related, 'freedom' emphasizes the absence of constraints, while 'liberty' often implies the right or permission to act freely.
Radical
自
Stroke Count
6JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
20
Handwriting
kanji
方Meaning
Direction
Reading
kata
onyomiほうhou
Parts
丶Dot 万Ten thousand
Example Word
方向: direction. The Japanese noun '方向 (ほうこう)' means 'direction'. It refers to the course or path along which something moves, points, or lies. This word is commonly used to describe physical directions, such as the direction of travel, as well as metaphorical directions, such as the direction of one's life or efforts. For example: Which direction is the station?「駅はどの方向ですか?」(えきはどのほうこうですか?). He changed the direction of his career「彼はキャリアの方向を変えた」(かれはキャリアのほうこうをかえた). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '方向音痴 (ほうこうおんち)' which means 'someone who is bad with directions'.
Radical
方
Stroke Count
4JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
22
Handwriting
kanji
手Meaning
Hand
Reading
te
onyomiしゅshu
ずzu
Parts
丿Katakana no 二Two 亅Barb
Example Word
手伝い: help. The Japanese noun '手伝い (てつだい)' means 'help' or 'assistance'. It refers to the act of helping someone with a task or chore. This word is often used in contexts where someone is providing physical or practical assistance, such as helping with household chores or work tasks. For example: I need help with cleaning「掃除の手伝いが必要です」(そうじのてつだいがひつようです). She gave me help with my homework「彼女は私の宿題の手伝いをしてくれた」(かのじょはわたしのしゅくだいのてつだいをしてくれた). The word can also refer to a person who helps, such as a helper or assistant, but this usage is less common.
Radical
手
Stroke Count
4JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
23
Radical Form
扌
Handwriting
kanji
言Meaning
Say
Reading
i
ことkoto
onyomiげんgen
ごんgon
Parts
口Mouth 亠Lid 二Two
Example Word
遺言: will. The Japanese noun '遺言 (ゆいごん)' refers to a 'will' or 'testament', specifically a legal document that states a person's wishes regarding the distribution of their property and the care of any minor children after their death. It can also refer to a dying wish or last words. For example: He left a will「彼は遺言を残した」(かれはゆいごんをのこした). The will was read after the funeral「遺言は葬式の後に読まれた」(ゆいごんはそうしきのあとによまれた). It's important to note that this word is often used in legal contexts, but can also be used more generally to refer to a person's final wishes.
Radical
言
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
25
Radical Form
訁
Handwriting
kanji
者Meaning
Someone
Reading
mono
onyomiしゃsha
Parts
日Day, Sun 耂Old (老)
Example Word
若者: youth. The Japanese noun '若者 (わかもの)' refers to 'young people' or 'youth'. It is commonly used to describe individuals in their late teens to early thirties, emphasizing their youthful energy and inexperience. This term is often used in discussions about societal trends, employment, or generational differences. For example: The youth are the future of society「若者は社会の未来です」(わかものはしゃかいのみらいです). Many young people are looking for jobs「多くの若者が仕事を探しています」(おおくのわかものがしごとをさがしています). The word carries a neutral tone and is widely applicable in both formal and informal contexts.
Radical
老
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
29
Handwriting
kanji
家Meaning
House
Reading
ya
いえie
onyomiけke
かka
Parts
宀Roof 豕Pig
Example Word
画家: painter. The Japanese noun '画家 (がか)' refers to a person who creates paintings, typically as a profession or serious hobby. This term is used for artists who work in various painting styles and mediums. For example: He is a famous painter「彼は有名な画家です」(かれはゆうめいながかです). I want to become a painter「私は画家になりたいです」(わたしはがかになりたいです). The word '画家' specifically emphasizes the act of painting, distinguishing it from other types of artists like sculptors or illustrators.
Radical
宀
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
31
Handwriting
kanji
心Meaning
Heart
Reading
kokoro
onyomiしんshin
Parts
⺃Second (乙)丶Dot 丿Katakana no
Example Word
都心: city center. The Japanese noun '都心 (としん)' refers to the central part of a city, often characterized by high population density, commercial activity, and significant infrastructure. It is commonly used to describe the bustling, urban core of major cities like Tokyo or Osaka. For example: The city center is crowded「都心は混雑している」(としんはこんざつしている). I work in the city center「私は都心で働いています」(わたしはとしんではたらいています). This term is particularly useful when discussing urban planning, commuting, or the contrast between urban and suburban areas.
Radical
心
Stroke Count
4JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
33
Handwriting
kanji
物Meaning
Thing
Reading
mono
onyomiぶつbutsu
もつmotsu
Parts
牛Cow 勿Must not
Example Word
植物: plant. The Japanese noun '植物 (しょくぶつ)' means 'plant'. It refers to living organisms that typically grow in soil, have leaves, and produce their own food through photosynthesis. This word is commonly used in scientific, everyday, and educational contexts. For example: Plants need sunlight to grow「植物は成長するために日光が必要です」(しょくぶつはせいちょうするためににっこうがひつようです). I like studying about plants「私は植物について勉強するのが好きです」(わたしはしょくぶつについてべんきょうするのがすきです). The word can also be used in compound terms, such as '植物園 (しょくぶつえん)' (botanical garden).
Radical
牛
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
38
Handwriting
kanji
立Meaning
Stand
Reading
ta
onyomiりつritsu
Parts
亠Lid 䒑Herbs
Example Word
立派: admirable or splendid. The Japanese adjectival noun '立派 (りっぱ)' conveys a sense of excellence, grandeur, or something being commendable. It is often used to describe people, achievements, or objects that are impressive or praiseworthy. For example: He is a splendid person「彼は立派な人です」(かれはりっぱなひとです). This is an admirable achievement「これは立派な成果です」(これはりっぱなせいかです). The term can also imply a sense of dignity or being well-suited for a particular role or purpose, such as in the sentence: She has grown into a splendid adult「彼女は立派な大人になりました」(かのじょはりっぱなおとなになりました).
Radical
立
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
39
Handwriting
kanji
知Meaning
Know
Reading
shi
onyomiちchi
Parts
矢Arrow 口Mouth
Example Word
知り合う: meet. The Japanese verb '知り合う (しりあう)' means 'to meet' or 'to get to know someone'. It is used when two or more people become acquainted with each other, often implying the beginning of a relationship or friendship. This verb is commonly used in social contexts and can refer to both casual and formal introductions. For example: I met him at a party「彼とはパーティーで知り合った」(かれとはパーティーでしりあった). We got to know each other through work「私たちは仕事で知り合いました」(わたしたちはしごとでしりあいました). The verb can also be used to describe the process of becoming familiar with someone over time.
Radical
矢
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
40
Handwriting
kanji
目Meaning
Eye
Reading
me
onyomiもくmoku
Parts
二Two 口Mouth
Example Word
役目: duty or role. The Japanese noun '役目 (やくめ)' refers to a specific role or duty that someone or something is expected to fulfill. It often implies a sense of responsibility or obligation. For example: his role is to protect the family「彼の役目は家族を守ることです」(かれのやくめはかぞくをまもることです). It is my duty to finish this task「この仕事を終わらせるのが私の役目です」(このしごとをおわらせるのがわたしのやくめです). The word can be used in both formal and informal contexts, and it often carries a connotation of importance or necessity.
Radical
目
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
46
Handwriting
kanji
持Meaning
Hold
Reading
mo
onyomiじji
Parts
寺Temple 扌Hand (手)
Example Word
持って来る: bring. The Japanese verb '持って来る (もってくる)' means 'to bring'. It is a compound verb formed by combining '持つ (もつ)', meaning 'to hold' or 'to carry', and '来る (くる)', meaning 'to come'. This verb is used when someone brings something to a specific location. For example: Please bring the book「本を持って来てください」(ほんをもってきてください). He brought his lunch to school「彼はお弁当を学校に持って来た」(かれはおべんとうをがっこうにもってきた). Note that this verb is often used in casual or formal requests and can be conjugated to fit different tenses and politeness levels.
Radical
手
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
47
Handwriting
kanji
屋Meaning
Shop, Roof
Reading
ya
onyomiおくoku
Parts
尸Corpse 至Arrive, Climax
Example Word
本屋: bookstore. The Japanese noun '本屋 (ほんや)' means 'bookstore'. It refers to a shop where books are sold. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation when referring to places that sell books, whether they are large chain bookstores or small independent shops. For example: I went to the bookstore「本屋に行きました」(ほんやにいきました). There is a bookstore near the station「駅の近くに本屋があります」(えきのちかくにほんやがあります). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '古本屋 (ふるほんや)', which means 'used bookstore'.
Radical
尸
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
49
Handwriting
kanji
地Meaning
Ground
Reading
ji
ちchi
Parts
土Soil 也To be
Example Word
植民地: colony. The Japanese noun '植民地 (しょくみんち)' means 'colony'. It refers to a territory or area that is under the political control of another country, often settled by people from that controlling country. This term is commonly used in historical or political contexts to describe regions that were colonized by foreign powers. For example: This island was once a colony「この島はかつて植民地だった」(このしまはかつてしょくみんちだった). The country lost its colonies after the war「その国は戦後植民地を失った」(そのくにはせんごしょくみんちをうしなった). The word can also carry connotations of exploitation or subjugation, depending on the context.
Radical
土
Stroke Count
6JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
53
Handwriting
kanji
度Meaning
Degrees, Times
Reading
tabi
onyomiどdo
たくtaku
Parts
广Dotted cliff 又Again 廿Twenty
Example Word
湿度: humidity. The Japanese noun '湿度 (しつど)' refers to 'humidity', which is the amount of water vapor present in the air. It is commonly used in weather forecasts, discussions about climate, or when describing the comfort level of an environment. For example: The humidity is high today「今日は湿度が高い」(きょうはしつどがたかい). I don't like high humidity「湿度が高いのは嫌い」(しつどがたかいのはきらい). This word is often paired with adjectives like 高い (たかい, high) or 低い (ひくい, low) to describe the level of humidity.
Radical
广
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
58
Handwriting
kanji
意Meaning
Idea
Reading
i
Parts
音Sound 心Heart
Example Word
意志: will. The Japanese noun '意志 (いし)' refers to 'will' or 'volition'. It describes the mental faculty by which a person decides on and commits to a course of action. This word is often used in contexts involving determination, intention, or resolve. For example: He has a strong will「彼は強い意志を持っている」(かれはつよいいしをもっている). Her will to succeed is admirable「彼女の成功への意志は立派だ」(かのじょのせいこうへのいしはりっぱだ). It can also be used in philosophical or psychological discussions about free will and decision-making.
Radical
心
Stroke Count
13JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
59
Handwriting
kanji
同Meaning
Same
Reading
ona
onyomiどうdou
Parts
冂Enclosure 一One 口Mouth
Example Word
同意: consent or agreement. The Japanese verbal noun '同意 (どうい)' primarily means 'consent' or 'agreement'. It refers to the act of giving permission or approval, or being in harmony with someone else's opinion or decision. This term is often used in formal or legal contexts, such as contracts or discussions. For example: I got his consent「彼の同意を得た」(かれのどういをえた). We reached an agreement「私たちは同意に達した」(わたしたちはどういにたっした). Note that '同意' can also imply mutual understanding or shared opinion, depending on the context.
Radical
口
Stroke Count
6JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
60
Handwriting
kanji
不Meaning
Not
Reading
fu
ぶbu
Example Word
不運: misfortune. The Japanese adjectival noun '不運 (ふうん)' means 'misfortune'. It is used to describe a state of bad luck or unfortunate circumstances. This word can be used to describe events, situations, or even a person's fate. For example: it was a misfortune「不運だった」(ふうんだった). He had a streak of misfortune「彼は不運が続いた」(かれはふうんがつづいた). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as 'the misfortune of war'「戦争の不運」(せんそうのふうん). Note that '不運' is often used in formal or literary contexts, and it carries a slightly more serious tone than other words for bad luck, such as '運が悪い (うんがわるい)'.
Radical
一
Stroke Count
4JLPT
N4Grade
4Frequency
61
Handwriting
kanji
明Meaning
Bright
Reading
aka
あa
onyomiめいmei
みょうmyou
Parts
日Day, Sun 月Moon, Month
Example Word
明らか: clear. The Japanese adjective '明らか (あきらか)' means 'clear' or 'obvious'. It is used to describe something that is evident, apparent, or easily understood. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize clarity or certainty. For example: The truth is clear「真実は明らかだ」(しんじつはあきらかだ). It is obvious that he is lying「彼が嘘をついているのは明らかだ」(かれがうそをついているのはあきらかだ). The results are clear「結果は明らかだ」(けっかはあきらかだ). Note that '明らか' is often followed by the copula 'だ' or 'です' to form a complete statement.
Radical
日
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
63
Handwriting
kanji
少Meaning
Few
Reading
suku
すこsuko
onyomiしょうshou
Parts
小Small 丿Katakana no
Example Word
少数: minority. The Japanese noun '少数 (しょうすう)' means 'minority'. It refers to a small number or a small group of people or things within a larger group. This term is often used in contexts such as statistics, demographics, or discussions about opinions or preferences. For example: the minority opinion「少数の意見」(しょうすうのいけん). A minority of students attended the event「少数の学生がイベントに参加した」(しょうすうのがくせいがイベントにさんかした). It can also be used to describe a small quantity of something, such as '少数の本 (しょうすうのほん) (a small number of books)'.
Radical
小
Stroke Count
4JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
70
Handwriting
kanji
通Meaning
Commute, Pass
Reading
too
かよkayo
onyomiつうtsuu
Parts
辶Walk 甬Path
Example Word
通貨: currency. The Japanese noun '通貨 (つうか)' refers to 'currency', which is the system of money used in a particular country or region. This term is commonly used in financial, economic, and everyday contexts when discussing money, exchange rates, or monetary systems. For example: The Japanese currency is the yen「日本の通貨は円です」(にほんのつうかはえんです). I exchanged foreign currency at the bank「私は銀行で外貨を交換しました」(わたしはぎんこうでがいかをこうかんしました). The word can also appear in compound terms like '外貨通貨 (がいかつうか)' (foreign currency) or '仮想通貨 (かそうつうか)' (virtual currency).
Radical
辵
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
72
Handwriting
kanji
文Meaning
Sentence
Reading
fumi
onyomiぶんbun
もんmon
Parts
亠Lid 乂Govern
Example Word
論文: paper or thesis. The Japanese noun '論文 (ろんぶん)' refers to an academic or scholarly paper, often a thesis or dissertation. It is commonly used in academic contexts to describe a written work that presents research or arguments on a specific topic. For example: I wrote a thesis on environmental science「環境科学についての論文を書いた」(かんきょうかがくについてのろんぶんをかいた). This paper is very well-researched「この論文はとてもよく調べられている」(このろんぶんはとてもよくしらべられている). The word can also refer to shorter academic papers or essays, depending on the context.
Radical
文
Stroke Count
4JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
74
Handwriting
kanji
代Meaning
Substitute, Era
Reading
ka
onyomiだいdai
Parts
亻Person (人)弋Ceremony
Example Word
代理: proxy. The Japanese noun '代理 (だいり)' means 'proxy' or 'substitute'. It refers to someone who acts on behalf of another person, often in a formal or official capacity. This term is commonly used in business, legal, and administrative contexts. For example: I will attend the meeting as a proxy「私は代理で会議に出席します」(わたしはだいりでかいぎにしゅっせきします). The lawyer acted as a proxy for the client「弁護士は依頼人の代理を務めた」(べんごしはいらいにんのだいりをつとめた). In some cases, it can also refer to a temporary replacement or stand-in, such as a substitute teacher「代理の先生」(だいりのせんせい).
Radical
人
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
78
Handwriting
kanji
世Meaning
World, Generation
Reading
yo
onyomiせいsei
せse
Parts
廿Twenty 𠃊Second (乙)
Example Word
世紀: century. The Japanese noun '世紀 (せいき)' means 'century'. It refers to a period of 100 years. This word is commonly used in historical contexts or when discussing long periods of time. For example: the 21st century「21世紀」(にじゅういちせいき). The 20th century was a time of great change「20世紀は大きな変化の時代でした」(にじゅうせいきはおおきなへんかのじだいでした). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a significant era or period, such as 'the century of technology'「技術の世紀」(ぎじゅつのせいき).
Radical
一
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
81
Handwriting
kanji
口Meaning
Mouth
Reading
kuchi
onyomiくku
こうkou
Parts
冂Enclosure 一One
Example Word
出口: exit. The Japanese noun '出口 (でぐち)' means 'exit'. It is commonly used to refer to a way out of a building, room, or enclosed space, such as a train station, shopping mall, or theater. For example: The exit is over there「出口はあそこです」(でぐちはあそこです). Please use the emergency exit in case of fire「火事の場合は非常口を使ってください」(かじのばあいはひじょうぐちをつかってください). Note that '出口' is often paired with '入口 (いりぐち)', which means 'entrance', to indicate the flow of movement in and out of a space.
Radical
口
Stroke Count
3JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
82
Handwriting
kanji
場Meaning
Place
Reading
ba
onyomiじょうjou
Parts
土Soil 旦Dawn 勿Must not
Example Word
場: place. The Japanese noun '場 (ば)' primarily means 'place' or 'scene'. It refers to a specific location, setting, or situation where something occurs. This word is often used in contexts involving events, gatherings, or environments. For example: This is the place where we met「ここは私たちが出会った場です」(ここはわたしたちがであったばです). The atmosphere at the scene was tense「その場の雰囲気は緊張していた」(そのばのふんいきはきんちょうしていた). Additionally, '場' can also imply a 'moment' or 'occasion' in certain contexts, such as in 'その場で決める (そのばできめる)' (to decide on the spot).
Radical
土
Stroke Count
12JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
84
Handwriting
kanji
主Meaning
Master
Reading
nushi
あるじaruji
onyomiすsu
しゅshu
Parts
丶Dot 王King
Example Word
地主: landlord. The Japanese noun '地主 (じぬし)' refers to a 'landlord', specifically someone who owns land or property and rents it out to others. This term is often used in the context of real estate or agriculture, where the landlord may lease land to farmers or tenants. For example: The landlord owns many fields「地主は多くの畑を持っている」(じぬしはおおくのはたけをもっている). The tenant pays rent to the landlord「借り手は地主に家賃を払う」(かりてはじぬしにやちんをはらう). This term can also carry historical or cultural connotations, as land ownership has been a significant aspect of Japanese society.
Radical
丶
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
85
Handwriting
kanji
理Meaning
Reason
Reading
ri
Parts
王King 里Hometown
Example Word
論理: logic. The Japanese noun '論理 (ろんり)' refers to 'logic', the systematic method of reasoning used to arrive at valid conclusions. It is often used in academic, philosophical, or technical contexts to describe structured thinking or argumentation. For example: His argument lacks logic「彼の議論は論理に欠けている」(かれのぎろんはろんりにかけている). The logic of this theory is difficult to understand「この理論の論理は理解しにくい」(このりろんのろんりはりかいしにくい). The word can also be used in compound terms like '論理的 (ろんりてき)' (logical) or '論理学 (ろんりがく)' (the study of logic).
Radical
玉
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
88
Handwriting
kanji
道Meaning
Way
Reading
michi
onyomiどうdou
Parts
辶Walk 首Neck
Example Word
寄り道: detour. The Japanese verbal noun '寄り道 (よりみち)' refers to taking a detour or making a side trip. It is often used to describe stopping by a place on the way to a primary destination, either intentionally or spontaneously. For example: I made a detour to the bookstore「本屋に寄り道しました」(ほんやによりみちしました). She took a detour to buy some snacks「彼女はお菓子を買いに寄り道した」(かのじょはおかしをかいによりみちした). This word carries a casual and often positive connotation, implying a leisurely or enjoyable diversion rather than an inconvenient one.
Radical
辵
Stroke Count
12JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
89
Handwriting
kanji
考Meaning
Think, Consider
Reading
kanga
onyomiこうkou
Parts
耂Old (老)丂Breath obstruction
Example Word
参考書: reference book. The Japanese noun '参考書 (さんこうしょ)' means 'reference book'. This term is commonly used to describe books that provide detailed information or guidance on a specific subject, often used for study or research purposes. For example: I bought a reference book for the exam「試験のために参考書を買いました」(しけんのためにさんこうしょをかいました). This reference book is very useful「この参考書はとても役に立ちます」(このさんこうしょはとてもやくにたちます). It's important to note that '参考書' is often used in academic or professional contexts, where detailed and reliable information is required.
Radical
老
Stroke Count
6JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
91
Handwriting
kanji
作Meaning
Make
Reading
tsuku
onyomiさsa
さくsaku
Parts
亻Person (人)𠂉Person (人)二Two 丨Stick
Example Word
作曲: composition. The Japanese verbal noun '作曲 (さっきょく)' refers to the act of composing music. It is used to describe the process of creating musical pieces, whether they are songs, symphonies, or other forms of music. This term is often used in contexts related to music production, education, and appreciation. For example: He is famous for his composition「彼は作曲で有名です」(かれはさっきょくでゆうめいです). I enjoy composing music in my free time「私は暇な時に作曲を楽しみます」(わたしはひまなときにさっきょくをたのしみます). The word can also be used in compound forms, such as '作曲家 (さっきょくか)' which means 'composer'.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
96
Handwriting
kanji
会Meaning
Meet
Reading
a
onyomiかいkai
Parts
人Person 二Two 厶Private
Example Word
司会: hosting. The Japanese verbal noun '司会 (しかい)' refers to the act of hosting or presiding over an event, such as a meeting, ceremony, or TV show. It is commonly used to describe the role of a person who guides the flow of an event, introduces speakers, and ensures the event runs smoothly. For example: She is hosting the event「彼女は司会をしています」(かのじょはしかいをしています). He was the host of the conference「彼は会議の司会を務めました」(かれはかいぎのしかいをつとめました). The term emphasizes the responsibility and leadership involved in managing an event.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
6JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
98
Handwriting
kanji
田Meaning
Rice field
Reading
ta
onyomiでんden
Parts
十Ten 口Mouth
Example Word
水田: paddy. The Japanese noun '水田 (すいで ん)' refers to a 'paddy field', which is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice. This term is specifically used in the context of agriculture and farming. Example sentences: The paddy fields are beautiful in the summer「夏の水田は美しい」(なつのすいでんはうつくしい). Farmers work hard in the paddy fields「農家は水田で一生懸命働く」(のうかはすいでんでいっしょうけんめいはたらく).
Radical
田
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
100
Handwriting
kanji
風Meaning
Wind, Style
Reading
kaza
かぜkaze
onyomiふfu
ふうfuu
Parts
虫Insect 凡Common
Example Word
風呂: bath. The Japanese noun '風呂 (ふろ)' refers to a bath, specifically a traditional Japanese bath. This term is commonly used to describe the bathing area or the act of bathing itself. In Japanese culture, taking a bath is often a relaxing and cleansing ritual, and '風呂' can refer to both the bathtub and the entire bathroom area. For example: I will take a bath「風呂に入ります」(ふろにはいります). The bath is ready「風呂が沸きました」(ふろがわきました). It's important to note that '風呂' is often used in the context of a traditional Japanese bathhouse or '銭湯 (せんとう)', where people go to bathe communally.
Radical
風
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
102
Handwriting
kanji
夜Meaning
Night
Reading
yo
よるyoru
onyomiやya
Parts
亠Lid 亻Person (人)夂Late 丶Dot
Example Word
夜明け: dawn. The Japanese noun '夜明け (よあけ)' refers to the time of day when the sun begins to rise, marking the transition from night to day. It is often associated with the first light of the morning and the beginning of a new day. This word carries a poetic and serene nuance, often used in literature or to describe peaceful moments. For example: The dawn was beautiful「夜明けが美しかった」(よあけがうつくしかった). We arrived at dawn「夜明けに到着した」(よあけにとうちゃくした). It can also symbolize new beginnings or hope, as in '夜明け前 (よあけまえ) (before dawn)'.
Radical
夕
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
105
Handwriting
kanji
動Meaning
Move
Reading
ugo
onyomiどうdou
Parts
重Heavy 力Power
Example Word
動産: movables. The Japanese noun '動産 (どうさん)' refers to 'movables' or 'personal property' in legal and financial contexts. This term is used to describe tangible assets that can be moved, such as furniture, vehicles, or equipment, as opposed to '不動産 (ふどうさん)' which refers to immovable property like land or buildings. For example: The company owns various movables「その会社は様々な動産を所有している」(そのかいしゃはさまざまなどうさんをしょゆうしている). Movables are often included in asset evaluations「動産は資産評価に含まれることが多い」(どうさんはしさんひょうかにふくまれることがおおい). This term is commonly used in legal documents, contracts, and financial discussions.
Radical
力
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
106
Handwriting
kanji
新Meaning
New
Reading
ara
あたらatara
onyomiしんshin
Parts
斤Axe, Catty 亲Parent (親)
Example Word
新た: new. The Japanese adjective '新た (あらた)' means 'new' and is often used to describe something that is fresh, renewed, or different from before. It carries a nuance of starting over or beginning anew, and is commonly used in formal or literary contexts. For example: a new beginning「新たな始まり」(あらたなはじまり). They made a new plan「彼らは新たな計画を立てた」(かれらはあらたなけいかくをたてた). This word is often used to emphasize a sense of renewal or change, as opposed to simply describing something that is newly created.
Radical
斤
Stroke Count
13JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
114
Handwriting
kanji
体Meaning
Body
Reading
karada
onyomiたいtai
ていtei
Parts
亻Person (人)本Book, Origin
Example Word
体験: experience. The Japanese verbal noun '体験 (たいけん)' means 'experience'. It refers to the act of experiencing something firsthand or gaining knowledge through direct involvement. This word is often used in contexts where someone tries or undergoes something new, such as activities, events, or situations. For example: I want to experience Japanese culture「日本の文化を体験したい」(にほんのぶんかをたいけんしたい). He experienced a lot during his trip「彼は旅行中にたくさんのことを体験した」(かれはりょこうちゅうにたくさんのことをたいけんした). The word can also be used in educational or professional settings to describe hands-on learning or practical training, such as '体験学習 (たいけんがくしゅう) (experiential learning)'.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
115
Handwriting
kanji
力Meaning
Power
Reading
chikara
onyomiりきriki
りょくryoku
Parts
勹Wrap 丿Katakana no
Example Word
魅力: charm. The Japanese noun '魅力 (みりょく)' refers to 'charm' or 'attractiveness'. It is used to describe the quality of being appealing or fascinating, whether in a person, object, or situation. For example: Her charm is irresistible「彼女の魅力はたまらない」(かのじょのみりょくはたまらない). This city has a unique charm「この街は独特の魅力がある」(このまちはどくとくのみりょくがある). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as the charm of a story or the attractiveness of a job offer. It is a versatile term often used in both casual and formal settings.
Radical
力
Stroke Count
2JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
116
Handwriting
kanji
味Meaning
Flavor
Reading
aji
onyomiみmi
Parts
口Mouth 未Not yet
Example Word
味方: ally. The Japanese noun '味方 (みかた)' means 'ally' or 'someone on your side'. It refers to a person or group that supports or fights alongside you, often in a conflict, competition, or challenging situation. This word is commonly used in contexts involving teamwork, loyalty, or solidarity. For example: He is my ally「彼は私の味方です」(かれはわたしのみかたです). We need more allies to win this battle「この戦いに勝つためにもっと味方が必要だ」(このたたかいにかつためにもっとみかたがひつようだ). The word can also imply emotional support, as in 'She is always on my side'「彼女はいつも私の味方です」(かのじょはいつもわたしのみかたです).
Radical
口
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
117
Handwriting
kanji
多Meaning
Many
Reading
oo
onyomiたta
Parts
夕Evening
Example Word
多数: many or majority. The Japanese noun '多数 (たすう)' can mean 'majority' or 'many', depending on the context. When used to mean 'majority', it refers to the greater part or number of something, such as in a group or decision. For example: The majority agreed「多数が賛成した」(たすうがさんせいした). When used to mean 'many', it refers to a large number of items or people. For example: There are many books「多数の本がある」(たすうのほんがある). The word is often used in formal or written contexts and can be paired with particles like の or が to modify nouns or indicate subjects.
Radical
夕
Stroke Count
6JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
119
Handwriting
kanji
死Meaning
Death
Reading
shi
onyomiしshi
Parts
匕Spoon 歹Bad
Example Word
死体: corpse. The Japanese noun '死体 (したい)' refers to a 'corpse' or 'dead body'. It is used to describe the physical remains of a deceased person or animal. This word is neutral in tone but is often associated with serious or somber contexts, such as crime scenes, forensic investigations, or funerals. For example: The police found a corpse in the forest「警察は森で死体を見つけた」(けいさつはもりでしたいをみつけた). The corpse was taken to the morgue「死体は死体安置所に運ばれた」(したいはしたいあんちじょにはこばれた). Note that this word is not used in casual conversation and may carry a heavy or unsettling connotation.
Radical
歹
Stroke Count
6JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
120
Handwriting
kanji
足Meaning
Foot, Sufficient
Reading
ashi
たta
onyomiそくsoku
Parts
龰Stop (止)口Mouth
Example Word
足りる: suffice. The Japanese verb '足りる (たりる)' means 'to suffice' or 'to be enough'. It is used to indicate that something meets the necessary amount or requirement. This verb is often used in contexts where adequacy or sufficiency is being discussed, such as in financial, time, or resource-related situations. For example: The money is enough「お金が足りる」(おかねがたりる). Is the time sufficient?「時間は足りるか?」(じかんはたりるか?). It can also be used in negative forms to indicate insufficiency, as in 'The ingredients are not enough「材料が足りない」(ざいりょうがたりない)'. The verb is versatile and can be applied to both concrete and abstract contexts.
Radical
足
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
121
Radical Form
⻊
Handwriting
kanji
近Meaning
Near
Reading
chika
onyomiきんkin
Parts
斤Axe, Catty ⻌Walk
Example Word
近頃: recently. The Japanese noun '近頃 (ちかごろ)' means 'recently' or 'lately'. It is used to refer to a period of time that is close to the present, often implying a sense of change or something new. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: I've been busy recently「近頃忙しいです」(ちかごろいそがし いです). The weather has been strange lately「近頃天気が変です」(ちかごろてんきがへんです). Note that '近頃' can sometimes carry a nuance of reflecting on a change or trend over a short period of time.
Radical
辵
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
122
Handwriting
kanji
切Meaning
Cut
Reading
ki
onyomiさいsai
せつsetsu
Parts
刀Sword 七Seven
Example Word
横切る: cross. The Japanese verb '横切る (よこぎる)' means 'to cross' or 'to go across'. It is used to describe the action of moving from one side of something to the other, such as crossing a street, a room, or a field. This verb often implies a horizontal or lateral movement. For example: The cat crossed the street「猫が道を横切った」(ねこがみちをよこぎった). A bird flew across the sky「鳥が空を横切った」(とりがそらをよこぎった). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when something interrupts or cuts across a situation or conversation.
Radical
刀
Stroke Count
4JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
123
Handwriting
kanji
色Meaning
Color
Reading
iro
onyomiしょくshoku
しきshiki
Parts
勹Wrap 巴Swirling water
Example Word
色彩: color. The Japanese noun '色彩 (しきさい)' refers to 'color' or 'coloration'. It is used to describe the hues, shades, or overall color scheme of something, often in an artistic or aesthetic context. This word can be applied to physical objects, paintings, or even abstract concepts like emotions or atmospheres. For example: The painting has vivid colors「その絵は色彩が鮮やかだ」(そのえはしきさいがあざやかだ). The colors of autumn are beautiful「秋の色彩は美しい」(あきのしきさいはうつくしい). The word can also imply a sense of richness or depth in color, making it suitable for describing vibrant or nuanced scenes.
Radical
色
Stroke Count
6JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
126
Handwriting
kanji
以Meaning
By means of
Reading
i
Example Word
以内: within. The Japanese noun '以内 (いない)' means 'within' and is used to indicate a limit or boundary in terms of time, distance, or quantity. It is often used to specify that something must be done or occur within a certain period or range. For example: Please submit the report within three days「レポートを三日以内に提出してください」(レポートをみっかいにないにていしゅつしてください). The hotel is within 5 kilometers from here「ホテルはここから5キロ以内です」(ホテルはここから5キロいないです). This word is commonly used in formal and everyday contexts to set clear limits or expectations.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
4Frequency
128
Handwriting
kanji
用Meaning
Use
Reading
mochi
onyomiようyou
Parts
月Moon, Month 丨Stick
Example Word
専用: exclusive. The Japanese noun '専用 (せんよう)' means 'exclusive' or 'dedicated'. It refers to something that is reserved or designed for a specific purpose, person, or group. For example: This is an exclusive parking area「ここは専用の駐車場です」(ここはせんようのちゅうしゃじょうです). This is a dedicated line for customer service「これはお客様専用の電話回線です」(これはおきゃくさませんようのでんわかいせんです). The term is often used in contexts where something is restricted or specialized, such as '専用席 (せんようせき) (reserved seat)' or '専用アプリ (せんようアプリ) (dedicated app)'.
Radical
用
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
130
Handwriting
kanji
親Meaning
Parent
Reading
shita
おやoya
onyomiしんshin
Parts
見See 立Stand 木Tree, Wood
Example Word
親善: friendship. The Japanese noun '親善 (しんぜん)' refers to 'friendship' or 'goodwill' between people, groups, or nations. It is often used in formal or diplomatic contexts to describe efforts to foster positive relationships and mutual understanding. For example: The event promoted international friendship「そのイベントは国際親善を促進した」(そのイベントはこくさいしんぜんをそくしんした). They exchanged gifts as a gesture of goodwill「彼らは親善の印として贈り物を交換した」(かれらはしんぜんのしるしとしておくりものをこうかんした). The term can also be used in phrases like '親善試合 (しんぜんしあい)', meaning a friendly match or exhibition game.
Radical
見
Stroke Count
16JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
134
Radical Form
亲
Handwriting
kanji
帰Meaning
Return
Reading
kae
onyomiきki
Parts
刂Sword (刀)巾Towel 冖Crown 彐Katakana yo
Example Word
帰宅: returning home. The Japanese verbal noun '帰宅 (きたく)' means 'returning home'. It is used to describe the act of going back to one's home, typically after being out for work, school, or other activities. This term is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: I will be returning home late tonight「今夜は帰宅が遅くなります」(こんやはきたくがおそくなります). After returning home, I took a bath「帰宅してからお風呂に入りました」(きたくしてからおふろにはいりました). The term can also be used in compound verbs, such as '帰宅する (きたくする)', which means 'to return home'.
Radical
巾
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
141
Handwriting
kanji
真Meaning
Truth
Reading
ma
onyomiしんshin
Parts
十Ten 具Tool
Example Word
真っ暗: pitch dark. The Japanese adjectival noun '真っ暗 (まっくら)' means 'pitch-dark'. It is used to describe a state of complete darkness, where no light is visible. This word can be used to describe physical spaces, such as rooms or outdoor areas, as well as metaphorical situations, like a hopeless or unclear future. For example: the room is pitch-dark「部屋は真っ暗だ」(へやはまっくらだ). The night was pitch-dark「夜は真っ暗だった」(よるはまっくらだった). The word '真っ暗' often conveys a sense of intensity or extremity in the darkness, emphasizing the absence of light.
Radical
目
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
142
Handwriting
kanji
音Meaning
Sound
Reading
ne
おとoto
onyomiおんon
Parts
立Stand 日Day, Sun
Example Word
騒音: noise. The Japanese noun '騒音 (そうおん)' refers to 'noise', particularly loud or disturbing sounds. It is commonly used to describe unwanted or disruptive sounds in various contexts, such as environmental noise, construction noise, or noise pollution. For example: The noise from the construction site is unbearable「工事現場の騒音が耐えられない」(こうじげんばのそうおんがたえられない). Please keep the noise down「騒音を抑えてください」(そうおんをおさえてください). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe noise as a problem or nuisance.
Radical
音
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
145
Handwriting
kanji
野Meaning
Field
Reading
no
onyomiやya
Parts
里Hometown 予Beforehand
Example Word
分野: field. The Japanese noun '分野 (ぶんや)' refers to a specific 'field' or 'area' of study, expertise, or activity. It is commonly used to describe a particular domain or sector, such as academic disciplines, professional areas, or specialized interests. For example: He is an expert in the field of medicine「彼は医学の分野の専門家です」(かれはいがくのぶんやのせんもんかです). This research covers various fields「この研究はさまざまな分野をカバーしています」(このけんきゅうはさまざまなぶんやをかばーしています). The word can also imply a scope or range within which something operates or is relevant.
Radical
里
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
146
Handwriting
kanji
歩Meaning
Walk
Reading
aru
あゆayu
onyomiほho
ぶbu
Parts
止Stop 少Few
Example Word
歩む: walk or progress. The Japanese verb '歩む (あゆむ)' primarily means 'to walk', but it can also metaphorically mean 'to progress' or 'to follow a path' in life or a journey. This verb is often used in a more formal or literary context, and it carries a nuance of steady, deliberate movement, whether physical or metaphorical. For example: He walked along the path「彼は道を歩んだ」(かれはみちをあゆんだ). She is progressing in her career「彼女はキャリアを歩んでいる」(かのじょはキャリアをあゆんでいる). The verb can be used to describe both literal walking and the progression of events or life stages.
Radical
止
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
150
Handwriting
kanji
仕Meaning
Serve
Reading
tsuka
onyomiしshi
Parts
亻Person (人)士Samurai
Example Word
仕様: specification. The Japanese noun '仕様 (しよう)' refers to a 'specification' or 'design'. It is commonly used in technical, engineering, or product development contexts to describe the detailed requirements, features, or parameters of a system, product, or process. For example: the specification of this machine is complex「この機械の仕様は複雑です」(このきかいのしようはふくざつです). We need to check the product specifications「製品の仕様を確認する必要があります」(せいひんのしようをかくにんするひつようがあります). The word can also imply the way something is designed or intended to function, as in '仕様書 (しようしょ)' (specification document).
Radical
人
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
155
Handwriting
kanji
正Meaning
Correct
Reading
masa
ただtada
onyomiしょうshou
せいsei
Parts
一One 止Stop
Example Word
訂正: correction. The Japanese verbal noun '訂正 (ていせい)' means 'correction'. It refers to the act of revising or amending something to make it right or accurate. This term is commonly used in contexts such as correcting errors in documents, statements, or data. For example: Please make the necessary corrections「必要な訂正をしてください」(ひつようなていせいをしてください). The teacher made a correction to the student's answer「先生は学生の答えを訂正しました」(せんせいはがくせいのこたえをていせいしました). It is important to note that '訂正' is often used in formal or professional settings where accuracy is crucial.
Radical
止
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
158
Handwriting
kanji
空Meaning
Sky, Empty
Reading
sora
すsu
onyomiくうkuu
Parts
穴Hole 工Construction
Example Word
航空券: air ticket. The Japanese noun '航空券 (こうくうけん)' means 'air ticket'. This term refers to a ticket that allows a passenger to travel on an airplane. It is commonly used when discussing travel plans, booking flights, or checking in at airports. For example: I bought an air ticket to Tokyo「東京行きの航空券を買いました」(とうきょうゆきのこうくうけんをかいました). Please show your air ticket at the counter「カウンターで航空券を見せてください」(かうんたーでこうくうけんをみせてください). The word is a combination of '航空 (こうくう)' meaning 'aviation' and '券 (けん)' meaning 'ticket'.
Radical
穴
Stroke Count
8JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
161
Handwriting
kanji
有Meaning
Exist
Reading
a
onyomiゆうyuu
うu
Parts
𠂇Cliff (厂)月Moon, Month
Example Word
特有: unique. The Japanese adjective '特有 (とくゆう)' means 'unique' or 'peculiar to'. It is used to describe something that is characteristic or distinctive to a particular thing, place, or group. This adjective often implies that the characteristic is not found elsewhere or is specific to the subject being described. For example: This plant is unique to Japan「この植物は日本特有です」(このしょくぶつはにほんとくゆうです). The culture has its own unique customs「その文化には特有の習慣がある」(そのぶんかにはとくゆうのしゅうかんがある).
Radical
月
Stroke Count
6JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
165
Handwriting
kanji
問Meaning
Question, Problem
Reading
to
onyomiもんmon
Parts
門Gate 口Mouth
Example Word
顧問: advisor. The Japanese noun '顧問 (こもん)' refers to an advisor or consultant, typically someone who provides expert advice or guidance in a professional or organizational setting. This term is often used in business, educational, or governmental contexts to describe someone who offers strategic or specialized advice. For example: He is a company advisor「彼は会社の顧問です」(かれはかいしゃのこもんです). The school hired a new advisor「学校は新しい顧問を雇いました」(がっこうはあたらしいこもんをやといました). The role of a '顧問' is usually formal and may involve long-term collaboration.
Radical
口
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
167
Handwriting
kanji
着Meaning
Arrive, Wear
Reading
ki
つtsu
onyomiちゃくchaku
Parts
目Eye ⺶Sheep (羊)
Example Word
肌着: underwear. The Japanese noun '肌着 (はだぎ)' refers to 'underwear' or 'underclothing'. It specifically denotes garments worn directly against the skin, such as undershirts, underpants, or thermal wear. This term is commonly used in everyday contexts when discussing clothing or laundry. For example: I bought new underwear「新しい肌着を買いました」(あたらしいはだぎをかいました). She washed her underwear「彼女は肌着を洗いました」(かのじょははだぎをあらいました). The word emphasizes the closeness of the clothing to the skin, often implying comfort or practicality.
Radical
目
Stroke Count
12JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
168
Handwriting
kanji
悪Meaning
Evil
Reading
waru
onyomiあくaku
Parts
心Heart 亜Asia
Example Word
悪用: misuse. The Japanese noun '悪用 (あくよう)' means 'misuse'. It refers to the act of using something in a wrong or harmful way, often for personal gain or malicious intent. This word is commonly used in contexts involving the improper use of resources, information, or authority. For example: the misuse of power「権力の悪用」(けんりょくのあくよう). Misusing personal information is a crime「個人情報の悪用は犯罪です」(こじんじょうほうのあくようははんざいです). The term carries a negative connotation and is often associated with unethical behavior.
Radical
心
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
171
Handwriting
kanji
教Meaning
Teach
Reading
oso
おしoshi
onyomiきょうkyou
Parts
孝Filial piety 攵Strike
Example Word
宗教: religion. The Japanese noun '宗教 (しゅうきょう)' means 'religion'. It refers to a system of beliefs, practices, and worship centered around a higher power or spiritual principles. This word is commonly used in discussions about faith, spirituality, or religious practices. For example: He studies religion「彼は宗教を勉強しています」(かれはしゅうきょうをべんきょうしています). Different religions coexist in this country「この国ではさまざまな宗教が共存しています」(このくにではさまざまなしゅうきょうがきょうぞんしています). The word can also be used in contexts like 'religious freedom' (宗教の自由, しゅうきょうのじゆう) or 'religious conflict' (宗教的対立, しゅうきょうてきたいりつ).
Radical
攴
Stroke Count
11JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
172
Handwriting
kanji
重Meaning
Heavy
Reading
omo
かさkasa
onyomiじゅうjuu
ちょうchou
Parts
里Hometown 千Thousand
Example Word
重ねる: repeat or pile. The Japanese verb '重ねる (かさねる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to pile' or 'to stack', referring to placing one object on top of another. For example: She piled the books on the table「彼女は本をテーブルに重ねた」(かのじょはほんをテーブルにかさねた). The second meaning is 'to repeat' or 'to do something repeatedly', often implying accumulation or layering of actions. For example: He repeated his mistakes「彼は失敗を重ねた」(かれはしっぱいをかさねた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as in '重ねる経験 (かさねるけいけん)', meaning 'accumulated experience'. This dual meaning makes the verb versatile in both literal and figurative contexts.
Radical
里
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
179
Handwriting
kanji
別Meaning
Separate
Reading
waka
onyomiべつbetsu
Parts
叧 刂Sword (刀)
Example Word
送別会: farewell. The Japanese noun '送別会 (そうべつかい)' refers to a 'farewell party' or 'send-off gathering'. It is a common social event held to bid farewell to someone who is leaving, such as a colleague transferring to another location, a friend moving abroad, or a student graduating. The event typically involves speeches, gifts, and sometimes entertainment to express good wishes for the person's future. For example: We held a farewell party for our teacher「先生の送別会を開きました」(せんせいのそうべつかいをひらきました). I attended a farewell party last night「昨夜、送別会に出席しました」(さくや、そうべつかいにしゅっせきしました). The term emphasizes the communal aspect of saying goodbye and is deeply rooted in Japanese social customs.
Radical
刀
Stroke Count
7JLPT
N4Grade
4Frequency
181
Handwriting
kanji
起Meaning
Wake up
Reading
o
onyomiきki
Parts
走Run 己Oneself
Example Word
起こす: cause or wake. The Japanese verb '起こす (おこす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to wake someone up', as in: I woke my brother up early「私は弟を早く起こした」(わたしはおとうとをはやくおこした). The second meaning is 'to cause' or 'to bring about', often used in contexts where something is initiated or triggered, such as: The news caused a big reaction「そのニュースは大きな反応を起こした」(そのニュースはおおきなはんのうをおこした). Note that the verb can also imply starting something, like a movement or event, depending on the context.
Radical
走
Stroke Count
10JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
187
Handwriting
kanji
発Meaning
Departure
Reading
hatsu
Parts
癶Dotted tent 开Open
Example Word
発送: shipment. The Japanese noun '発送 (はっそう)' refers to the act of sending or dispatching goods, packages, or items. It is commonly used in contexts related to logistics, e-commerce, and postal services. For example: The shipment will be sent tomorrow「発送は明日です」(はっそうはあしたです). Please confirm the shipment details「発送の詳細を確認してください」(はっそうのしょうさいをかくにんしてください). This term is often used in business or formal settings to describe the process of delivering items to a recipient.
Radical
癶
Stroke Count
9JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
188
Handwriting