Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Habit, Quirk

Reading

Kanji

癖Habit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '癖 (くせ)' refers to a habit, mannerism, or quirk. It can describe both positive and negative habits, as well as unique or peculiar traits in a person's behavior or appearance. For example: She has a habit of biting her nails「彼女は爪を噛む癖がある」(かのじょはつめをかむくせがある). His quirk is that he always tilts his head when thinking「彼の癖は、考えるときにいつも頭を傾けることだ」(かれのくせは、かんがえるときにいつもあたまをかたむけることだ). The word can also describe a characteristic of objects, such as a 'bend' or 'tendency' in something, like a bent spoon「スプーンに癖がついている」(スプーンにくせがついている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1905

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheers

Reading

Kanji

乾Dry 杯Cup, Cupfuls

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乾杯 (かんぱい)' means 'cheers'. It is commonly used during gatherings, parties, or meals to propose a toast before drinking. This word is often accompanied by raising glasses and is a gesture of goodwill, celebration, or camaraderie. Example sentences: Let's make a toast!「乾杯しましょう！」(かんぱいしましょう). Cheers to your success!「あなたの成功に乾杯！」(あなたのせいこうにかんぱい). Note that '乾杯' is typically used in formal or celebratory contexts and is not used casually in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1908

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sun

Reading

Kanji

太Thick, Fat 陽Sunshine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '太陽 (たいよう)' means 'sun'. It refers to the star at the center of our solar system, which provides light and heat to Earth. This word is commonly used in both scientific and everyday contexts. For example: The sun is bright today「今日の太陽は明るい」(きょうのたいようはあかるい). The sun rises in the east「太陽は東から昇る」(たいようはひがしからのぼる). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something or someone as a source of light or energy, such as in the phrase '彼は私の太陽 (かれはわたしのたいよう)' (He is my sun).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1911

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bullet train

Reading

Kanji

新New 幹Trunk, Main 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '新幹線 (しんかんせん)' refers to the high-speed railway system in Japan, commonly known as the 'bullet train'. It is a network of trains that operate at very high speeds, connecting major cities across Japan. The term is often used to describe the trains themselves, as well as the system as a whole. For example: I took the bullet train to Osaka「新幹線で大阪に行きました」(しんかんせんでおおさかにいきました). The bullet train is very fast「新幹線はとても速いです」(しんかんせんはとてもはやいです). The 新幹線 is a symbol of Japan's technological advancement and efficiency in transportation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1912

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife, Madam

Reading

Kanji

夫Man, Husband 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夫人 (ふじん)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'wife', specifically referring to someone's wife, often in a formal or respectful context. For example: the president's wife「大統領の夫人」(だいとうりょうのふじん). The second meaning is 'madam', used as a polite or formal way to address or refer to a woman, particularly one of high status. For example: Madam Tanaka is here「田中夫人がいらっしゃいます」(たなかふじんがいらっしゃいます). This term is often used in formal settings or when showing respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1914

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mutual

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 互Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相互 (そうご)' means 'mutual' or 'reciprocal'. It is used to describe a relationship or action that involves two or more parties affecting each other in a similar way. This term is often used in contexts like mutual understanding, mutual respect, or mutual agreement. For example: mutual understanding「相互理解」(そうごりかい). mutual respect「相互尊重」(そうごそんちょう). It can also be used in more formal or technical contexts, such as in discussions about mutual benefits or mutual agreements between organizations or countries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1915

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Instant

Reading

Kanji

一One 瞬Blink, Flash

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一瞬 (いっしゅん)' means 'instant' or 'moment'. It refers to an extremely short period of time, often emphasizing how quickly something happens. This word is commonly used to describe fleeting moments or events that occur in a blink of an eye. For example: In an instant, the bird flew away「一瞬で鳥が飛び去った」(いっしゅんでとりがとびさった). I saw it for just a moment「一瞬だけ見えた」(いっしゅんだけみえた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that feels brief or ephemeral, such as emotions or opportunities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1916

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Walk

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter 歩Walk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '散歩 (さんぽ)' means 'walk' or 'stroll'. It refers to the act of walking leisurely, often for relaxation, exercise, or enjoyment. This word is commonly used to describe a casual walk, such as taking a stroll in a park or around the neighborhood. For example: I took a walk in the park「公園で散歩しました」(こうえんでさんぽしました). Let's go for a walk「散歩に行きましょう」(さんぽにいきましょう). It can also be used to describe walking a pet, as in '犬の散歩 (いぬのさんぽ) (walking the dog)'. Note that '散歩' implies a relaxed and unhurried pace, unlike more purposeful walking like commuting or hiking.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1921

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Egg

Reading

Kanji

卵Egg

Explanation

The Japanese noun '卵 (たまご)' refers to an egg, typically a bird's egg, and is commonly used in the context of food. It can refer to eggs in general, including those of chickens, which are widely consumed in Japan. The word is neutral and can be used in various contexts, from cooking to biology. For example: I ate a boiled egg「ゆで卵を食べた」(ゆでたまごをたべた). She bought eggs at the supermarket「彼女はスーパーで卵を買った」(かのじょはスーパーでたまごをかった). Note that '卵' can also metaphorically refer to something in its early stages, such as a plan or idea, but this usage is less common and typically requires additional context to be understood as such.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1924

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blackboard

Reading

Kanji

黒Black 板Board

Explanation

The Japanese noun '黒板 (こくばん)' refers to a 'blackboard', a flat, typically dark-colored surface used for writing or drawing with chalk, commonly found in classrooms. It is a standard item in educational settings and is used by teachers to write lessons or instructions. Example sentences: The teacher wrote on the blackboard「先生は黒板に書きました」(せんせいはこくばんにかきました). Please clean the blackboard「黒板を消してください」(こくばんをけしてください). The word is composed of the kanji 黒 (くろ) meaning 'black' and 板 (いた) meaning 'board', reflecting its traditional appearance and function.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1925

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bulletin board

Reading

Kanji

掲Hoist, Display, Hold up 示Show, Indicate 板Board

Explanation

The Japanese noun '掲示板 (けいじばん)' refers to a 'bulletin board' or 'notice board'. It is commonly used to describe a physical or digital board where information, announcements, or messages are posted for public viewing. In modern contexts, it often refers to online forums or message boards. For example: I saw the notice on the bulletin board「掲示板にそのお知らせを見ました」(けいじばんにそのおしらせをみました). This online forum is very active「この掲示板はとても活発です」(このけいじばんはとてもかっぱつです). The word is widely used in both physical and digital contexts, making it a versatile term in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1926

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange

Reading

Kanji

妙Exquisite, Marvelous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '妙 (みょう)' primarily means 'strange' or 'mysterious'. It is often used to describe something that is unusual, peculiar, or beyond ordinary understanding. This word can carry a nuance of something being intriguingly odd or inexplicably fascinating. For example: That's strange「それは妙だ」(それはみょうだ). He has a mysterious power「彼は妙な力を持っている」(かれはみょうなちからをもっている). Additionally, '妙' can sometimes imply a sense of subtlety or finesse, particularly in contexts related to art or skill, though this usage is less common. For example: Her dance has a subtle charm「彼女のダンスは妙な魅力がある」(かのじょのダンスはみょうなみりょくがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1929

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Postcard

Reading

Kanji

絵Picture 葉Leaf 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '絵葉書 (えはがき)' refers to a 'postcard', specifically one that features a picture or illustration, often used for sending messages or greetings. This term combines '絵 (え)' meaning 'picture' and '葉書 (はがき)' meaning 'postcard'. It is commonly used in contexts where people send illustrated postcards from travel destinations or special occasions. For example: I bought a postcard at the museum「博物館で絵葉書を買いました」(はくぶつかんでえはがきをかいました). She sent me a beautiful postcard from Kyoto「彼女は京都からきれいな絵葉書を送ってくれました」(かのじょはきょうとからきれいなえはがきをおくってくれました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1931

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Star

Reading

Kanji

星Star

Explanation

The Japanese noun '星 (ほし)' means 'star'. It refers to celestial bodies visible in the night sky, such as stars in space. It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who is a 'star' in the sense of being famous or outstanding. For example: The stars are beautiful tonight「今夜の星はきれいだ」(こんやのほしはきれいだ). She is a star in the music industry「彼女は音楽界の星だ」(かのじょはおんがくかいのほしだ). The word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1933

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Church

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教会 (きょうかい)' means 'church'. It refers to a place of worship for Christians, where religious services and ceremonies are held. This word is commonly used to describe both the physical building and the institution itself. For example: I went to the church「教会に行きました」(きょうかいにいきました). The church is beautiful「その教会は美しい」(そのきょうかいはうつくしい). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a community or congregation, as in '教会のメンバー (きょうかいのメンバー) (church members)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1935

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disposal

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '処分 (しょぶん)' primarily means 'disposal'. It refers to the act of getting rid of something, often in the context of waste, unwanted items, or even abstract matters like responsibilities. For example: disposal of garbage「ゴミの処分」(ごみのしょぶん). The company decided on the disposal of old equipment「会社は古い設備の処分を決めた」(かいしゃはふるいせつびのしょぶんをきめた). In some contexts, it can also imply handling or dealing with a situation, but the core meaning revolves around the concept of disposal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1936

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spread, Diffusion

Reading

Kanji

普Universal, Widespread 及Reach, Extend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '普及 (ふきゅう)' refers to the act of spreading or diffusing something widely, such as information, technology, or ideas. It is often used in contexts where something becomes widely adopted or accepted. For example: The spread of smartphones has changed our lives「スマートフォンの普及は私たちの生活を変えた」(すまーとふぉんのふきゅうはわたしたちのせいかつをかえた). The government is promoting the diffusion of renewable energy「政府は再生可能エネルギーの普及を推進している」(せいふはさいせいかのうえねるぎーのふきゅうをすいしんしている). Note that '普及' is often used in formal or technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1938

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Occupation

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職業 (しょくぎょう)' means 'occupation' or 'profession'. It refers to a person's job or the type of work they do to earn a living. This word is commonly used in formal or everyday contexts to discuss careers, employment, or vocational topics. For example: What is your occupation?「あなたの職業は何ですか？」(あなたのしょくぎょうはなんですか？). Teaching is a rewarding occupation「教えることはやりがいのある職業です」(おしえることはやりがいのあるしょくぎょうです). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as discussing career choices or societal roles.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1940

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Childcare

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 育Raise, Grow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保育 (ほいく)' refers to the care and education of young children, typically in a nursery or preschool setting. It encompasses activities and services aimed at nurturing and developing children during their early years. For example: She works in childcare「彼女は保育の仕事をしています」(かのじょはほいくのしごとをしています). The nursery provides excellent childcare「その保育園は素晴らしい保育を提供しています」(そのほいくえんはすばらしいほいくをていきょうしています). This term is often associated with professional childcare services and institutions like '保育園 (ほいくえん)' (nursery school).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1942

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Universe

Reading

Kanji

宇Eaves, Universe 宙Midair

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宇宙 (うちゅう)' means 'universe'. It refers to the entirety of space, including all matter, energy, planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. This word is often used in scientific, philosophical, and everyday contexts to describe the vast expanse of the cosmos. For example: the universe is infinite「宇宙は無限だ」(うちゅうはむげんだ). I want to explore the universe「宇宙を探検したい」(うちゅうをたんけんしたい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something vast or boundless, such as 'a universe of possibilities'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1943

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aunt

Reading

Kanji

伯Chief, Older sibling of parent 母Mother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '伯母 (おば)' refers to one's aunt, specifically the sister of one's parent. It is used to denote a familial relationship and is a respectful term. The term can be used for both the father's and mother's sisters, but it is important to note that in Japanese, there are different terms for older and younger aunts, with '伯母 (おば)' typically referring to an older aunt. For example: My aunt is coming to visit「私の伯母が訪ねてきます」(わたしのおばがたずねてきます). She is my father's older sister「彼女は私の父の伯母です」(かのじょはわたしのちちのおばです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1944

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Park

Reading

Kanji

公Public 園Garden

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公園 (こうえん)' means 'park'. It refers to a public area of land with grass, trees, and often playgrounds or walking paths, where people can relax, play, or enjoy nature. This word is commonly used to describe urban parks, national parks, or any designated recreational area. For example: Let's go to the park「公園に行きましょう」(こうえんにいきましょう). The park is beautiful in spring「公園は春に美しい」(こうえんははるにうつくしい). It can also be used in compound words like '動物公園 (どうぶつこうえん)' (zoo) or '国立公園 (こくりつこうえん)' (national park).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1946

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Younger sister

Reading

Kanji

妹Younger sister

Explanation

The Japanese noun '妹 (いもうと)' specifically refers to a younger sister. It is used to describe a female sibling who is younger than the speaker. This term is commonly used in family contexts and is gender-specific. For example: my younger sister is kind「私の妹は優しい」(わたしのいもうとはやさしい). I have a younger sister「私は妹がいます」(わたしはいもうとがいます). Note that '妹' is only used for younger sisters; for older sisters, the term '姉 (あね)' is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1948

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Health

Reading

Kanji

健Healthy 康Healthy, Peaceful

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '健康 (けんこう)' means 'health'. It refers to the state of being physically and mentally well. It is often used to describe a person's condition or lifestyle. For example: maintaining good health is important「健康を保つことは大切です」(けんこうをたもつことはたいせつです). She is in good health「彼女は健康です」(かのじょはけんこうです). This word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '健康診断 (けんこうしんだん)' (health checkup).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1949

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Skin

Reading

Kanji

肌Skin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肌 (はだ)' refers to the skin of a person or animal. It is commonly used to describe the surface of the body, including its texture, condition, or appearance. For example: Her skin is smooth「彼女の肌は滑らかだ」(かのじょのはだはなめらかだ). My skin gets dry in winter「冬になると肌が乾燥する」(ふゆになるとはだがかんそうする). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the surface or texture of objects, such as the 'skin' of a fruit or fabric. For instance: The skin of this peach is soft「この桃の肌は柔らかい」(このもものはだはやわらかい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1950

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Situation

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 態Appearance, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事態 (じたい)' refers to a 'situation' or 'state of affairs', often implying a critical, serious, or unexpected condition. It is commonly used to describe circumstances that require attention or action. For example: The situation is serious「事態は深刻だ」(じたいはしんこくだ). We must respond to this situation「この事態に対応しなければならない」(このじたいにたいおうしなければならない). The word is often used in formal or news contexts to describe events or developments that have significant implications.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1952

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mansion

Reading

Kanji

屋Shop, Roof 敷Spread, Lay

Explanation

The Japanese noun '屋敷 (やしき)' refers to a large, often luxurious residence or estate, typically associated with wealth or nobility. It can also imply a historical or traditional property. This word is commonly used to describe grand homes or estates, often with significant land. For example: that mansion is beautiful「あの屋敷は美しい」(あのやしきはうつくしい). The old mansion has a large garden「古い屋敷には大きな庭がある」(ふるいやしきにはおおきなにわがある). The term can also carry a sense of historical or cultural significance, as many '屋敷' are preserved as landmarks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1953

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Year after next

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 来Come 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '再来年 (さらいねん)' refers to 'the year after next'. It is used to indicate a time two years from the current year. This term is commonly used in planning or discussing future events that are not immediate but still within a relatively near timeframe. For example: I will graduate the year after next「再来年に卒業します」(さらいねんにそつぎょうします). We are planning to move the year after next「再来年に引っ越す予定です」(さらいねんにひっこすよていです). Note that '再来年' is a specific term and should not be confused with '来年 (らいねん)', which means 'next year'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1954

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Woman

Reading

Kanji

婦Lady

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '婦 (ふ)' is used to denote a woman, often in a formal or respectful context. It is commonly appended to other words to specify a type of woman, such as in professional or social roles. For example: a housewife「主婦」(しゅふ). a nurse「看護婦」(かんごふ). It's important to note that while '婦' is traditionally used, some terms are being updated to more gender-neutral language, such as '看護師' (かんごし) for nurse, replacing '看護婦'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1955

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

As expected

Reading

Kanji

流Flow 石Stone

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '流石 (さすが)' is used to express admiration or acknowledgment of someone's abilities, qualities, or actions, often implying that the outcome is as expected given their reputation or skill. It carries a nuance of respect and sometimes surprise. For example: As expected of you, you solved it quickly「さすがあなた、すぐに解決しましたね」(さすがあなた、すぐにかいけつしましたね). As expected of a professional, the work is flawless「さすがプロ、仕事が完璧だ」(さすがぷろ、しごとがかんぺきだ). Note that 'さすが' is often used in positive contexts to highlight someone's excellence or to acknowledge their efforts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1957

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Month after next

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 来Come 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '再来月 (さらいげつ)' refers to 'the month after next'. It is used to indicate a time two months ahead from the current month. This term is particularly useful in planning and scheduling contexts. For example: I will travel to Japan the month after next「再来月に日本へ旅行します」(さらいげつににほんへりょこうします). The meeting is scheduled for the month after next「会議は再来月に予定されています」(かいぎはさらいげつによていされています). It's important to note that '再来月' is a specific time reference and should not be confused with '来月 (らいげつ)', which means 'next month'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1959

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Week after next

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice 来Come 週Week

Explanation

The Japanese noun '再来週 (さらいしゅう)' refers to 'the week after next'. It is used to indicate a time two weeks from the current week. This term is commonly used in scheduling, planning, or discussing future events. For example: I will visit my grandparents the week after next「再来週に祖父母を訪ねます」(さらいしゅうにそふぼをおとずれます). The meeting is scheduled for the week after next「会議は再来週に予定されています」(かいぎはさらいしゅうによていされています). Note that '再来週' is a specific time expression and should not be confused with '来週 (らいしゅう)', which means 'next week'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1960

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Job, Profession

Reading

Kanji

職Employment

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職 (しょく)' refers to one's job, occupation, or profession. It is commonly used to describe the type of work someone does or their role in a workplace. For example: I am looking for a new job「新しい職を探しています」(あたらしいしょくをさがしています). His profession is a teacher「彼の職は教師です」(かれのしょくはきょうしです). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '転職 (てんしょく)' (changing jobs) or '職業 (しょくぎょう)' (occupation). It is important to note that '職' often carries a formal tone and is typically used in professional or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1963

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Broadcast

Reading

Kanji

放Release 送Send

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '放送 (ほうそう)' means 'broadcast'. It refers to the transmission of audio or video content to a wide audience via radio, television, or other media platforms. This word is commonly used in contexts related to media, entertainment, and communication. For example: The news will be broadcast at 7 PM「ニュースは7時に放送されます」(ニュースはしちじにほうそうされます). I watched a live broadcast of the concert「コンサートの生放送を見ました」(コンサートのなまほうそうをみました). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the dissemination of information or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1964

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mirror

Reading

Kanji

鏡Mirror

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鏡 (かがみ)' means 'mirror'. It refers to a reflective surface, typically made of glass with a metallic backing, used to see one's reflection. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as looking at oneself or decorating a room. For example: I looked in the mirror「鏡を見た」(かがみをみた). The mirror is broken「鏡が壊れている」(かがみがこわれている). In Japanese culture, mirrors also hold symbolic significance, often representing truth or self-reflection.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1968

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Most

Reading

Kanji

最Most

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最 (さい)' means 'most' and is often used as a prefix to indicate the highest degree or extreme of something. It is commonly used in compound words to emphasize the superlative form. For example: the most important「最重要」(さいじゅうよう). The best「最良」(さいりょう). It can also be used in phrases like 'the most beautiful'「最も美しい」(もっともうつくしい). Note that '最' is rarely used alone and is typically part of a compound word or phrase to convey the idea of being the utmost or extreme in a particular context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Art museum

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 術Art, Technique 館Building

Explanation

The Japanese noun '美術館 (びじゅつかん)' means 'art museum'. It refers to a facility or institution where works of art, such as paintings, sculptures, and other visual arts, are displayed for public viewing. This word is commonly used when discussing cultural activities, tourism, or education. For example: Let's go to the art museum「美術館に行きましょう」(びじゅつかんにいきましょう). The art museum is closed today「美術館は今日休みです」(びじゅつかんはきょうやすみです). The word is often used in contexts related to appreciating or studying art.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1974

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bill, Accounting

Reading

Kanji

会Meet 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese noun '会計 (かいけい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'accounting', which refers to the systematic recording, reporting, and analysis of financial transactions. For example: I work in accounting「私は会計の仕事をしています」(わたしはかいけいのしごとをしています). The second meaning is 'bill', referring to the amount of money owed for goods or services, especially in a restaurant or store. For example: Can I have the bill, please?「会計をお願いします」(かいけいをおねがいします). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1976

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lips

Reading

Kanji

唇Lips, Lip

Explanation

The Japanese noun '唇 (くちびる)' refers to the 'lips', the soft, movable parts forming the opening of the mouth. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and literature to describe the physical feature or to express emotions metaphorically. For example: Her lips are red「彼女の唇は赤い」(かのじょのくちびるはあかい). He bit his lips nervously「彼は緊張して唇を噛んだ」(かれはきんちょうしてくちびるをかんだ). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions or poetic contexts, emphasizing beauty, emotion, or communication.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1977

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Industry

Reading

Kanji

工Construction 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese noun '工業 (こうぎょう)' refers to 'industry', specifically the sector involved in the production of goods using machinery and factories. It is often used in contexts discussing manufacturing, technology, and economic activities. For example: Japan is known for its advanced industry「日本は先進的な工業で知られている」(にほんはせんしんてきなこうぎょうでしられている). The city developed rapidly due to its thriving industry「その都市は繁栄する工業のおかげで急速に発展した」(そのとしははんえいするこうぎょうのおかげできゅうそくにはってんした). This term is distinct from '農業 (のうぎょう)' (agriculture) and '商業 (しょうぎょう)' (commerce), which refer to other sectors of the economy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1978

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beauty salon

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 容Contain, Looks 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '美容院 (びよういん)' refers to a 'beauty salon' or 'hair salon'. This term is specifically used for establishments that offer hair styling, cutting, and other beauty treatments. It is distinct from '床屋 (とこや)', which refers to a traditional barber shop. For example: I went to the beauty salon yesterday「昨日、美容院に行きました」(きのう、びよういんにいきました). She works at a beauty salon「彼女は美容院で働いています」(かのじょはびよういんではたらいています). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation when discussing personal grooming or beauty routines.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1979

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Museum

Reading

Kanji

博Extensive, Doctor 物Thing 館Building

Explanation

The Japanese noun '博物館 (はくぶつかん)' means 'museum'. It refers to a place where objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural significance are stored and exhibited for public viewing. This word is commonly used in contexts related to education, tourism, and cultural activities. For example: I went to the museum yesterday「昨日、博物館に行きました」(きのう、はくぶつかんにいきました). The museum has many interesting exhibits「その博物館には面白い展示がたくさんあります」(そのはくぶつかんにはおもしろいてんじがたくさんあります). The word is often paired with specific types of museums, such as 'art museum' (美術館, びじゅつかん) or 'science museum' (科学博物館, かがくはくぶつかん).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1980

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Premise

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 提Present, Submit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前提 (ぜんてい)' means 'premise'. It refers to a statement or idea that forms the basis for a theory, argument, or conclusion. It is often used in logical, philosophical, or practical discussions to establish a foundational assumption. For example: The premise of the argument is flawed「その議論の前提は間違っている」(そのぎろんのぜんていはまちがっている). Without this premise, the theory falls apart「この前提なしでは、その理論は成り立たない」(このぜんていなしでは、そのりろんはなりたたない). The word can also be used in everyday contexts to refer to assumptions or conditions that must be met before proceeding with something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1981

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Holding

Reading

Kanji

開Open 催Hold an event, Sponsor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '開催 (かいさい)' means 'holding' or 'holding an event'. It is commonly used to describe the act of organizing or conducting events, such as meetings, conferences, festivals, or competitions. For example: The festival will be held next week「来週、祭りが開催されます」(らいしゅう、まつりがかいさいされます). The conference was held in Tokyo「会議は東京で開催されました」(かいぎはとうきょうでかいさいされました). This term is often used in formal or official contexts to announce or describe events.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenly

Reading

Kanji

行Go 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '行成 (いきなり)' means 'suddenly' or 'all of a sudden'. It is used to describe an action or event that occurs without warning or preparation. This word is often used in casual conversation and can carry a nuance of surprise or abruptness. For example: He suddenly started running「彼はいきなり走り出した」(かれはいきなりはしりだした). She suddenly cried「彼女はいきなり泣き出した」(かのじょはいきなりなきだした). Note that 'いきなり' is typically used in situations where the action is unexpected or immediate, and it is not used to describe gradual changes.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1983

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Qualification

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '資格 (しかく)' refers to a qualification, certification, or eligibility for something. It is often used in contexts related to professional or academic credentials, such as licenses, degrees, or certifications. For example: I have a teaching qualification「私は教員の資格を持っています」(わたしはきょういんのしかくをもっています). He obtained a qualification in engineering「彼は工学の資格を取得しました」(かれはこうがくのしかくをしゅとくしました). The word can also imply eligibility or the right to do something, such as having the qualification to vote「投票する資格がある」(とうひょうするしかくがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1984

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Instruction

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '指示 (しじ)' means 'instruction' or 'direction'. It refers to guidance or orders given by someone in authority, such as a boss, teacher, or manual. This word is commonly used in professional, educational, or technical contexts. For example: follow the instructions「指示に従ってください」(しじにしたがってください). The teacher gave clear instructions「先生は明確な指示を出した」(せんせいはめいかくなしじをだした). It can also imply a sense of authority or hierarchy, as the person giving the instructions is typically in a position of power or expertise.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1986

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

License

Reading

Kanji

免Excuse, Exempt 許Permit, Allow 証Evidence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '免許証 (めんきょしょう)' refers to a 'license' or 'certificate' that grants official permission to perform a specific activity, such as driving or operating machinery. It is commonly used in contexts like driver's licenses or professional certifications. For example: I got my driver's license「私は免許証を取得しました」(わたしはめんきょしょうをしゅとくしました). Please show your license「免許証を見せてください」(めんきょしょうをみせてください). This word is often associated with legal or official documents and is essential in many professional and personal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1987

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Simple

Reading

Kanji

単Simple, Single 純Pure

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '単純 (たんじゅん)' means 'simple'. It is used to describe something that is straightforward, uncomplicated, or lacking in complexity. This word can be applied to ideas, tasks, systems, or even people's thinking. For example: This problem is simple「この問題は単純だ」(このもんだいはたんじゅんだ). His explanation was simple and easy to understand「彼の説明は単純で分かりやすかった」(かれのせつめいはたんじゅんでわかりやすかった). Note that '単純' can sometimes carry a nuance of being overly simplistic or naive, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1988

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Achievement, Result

Reading

Kanji

成Become 果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '成果 (せいか)' refers to the outcome or result of efforts, often implying a positive or successful achievement. It is commonly used in professional, academic, or personal contexts to describe tangible or measurable results. For example: The results of the project were impressive「プロジェクトの成果は素晴らしかった」(ぷろじぇくとのせいかはすばらしかった). His hard work led to great achievements「彼の努力は大きな成果をもたらした」(かれのどりょくはおおきなせいかをもたらした). Note that '成果' emphasizes the tangible or visible outcome of effort, distinguishing it from abstract concepts like 'effort' or 'process'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1989

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nucleus, Core

Reading

Kanji

核Nucleus

Explanation

The Japanese noun '核 (かく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'nucleus,' which can refer to the central part of an atom, the nucleus of a cell in biology, or the core of an idea or concept. The second meaning is 'core,' which can refer to the central or most important part of something, such as the core of a fruit or the core of an issue. Example sentences: The nucleus of the cell is essential for life「細胞の核は生命に不可欠です」(さいぼうのかくはせいめいにふかけつです). The core of the problem lies in communication「問題の核はコミュニケーションにあります」(もんだいのかくはコミュニケーションにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1991

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regrettable

Reading

Kanji

残Remainder 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '残念 (ざんねん)' means 'regrettable' or 'disappointing'. It is used to express a feeling of disappointment or regret about a situation, outcome, or event. This word is often used in contexts where something did not go as planned or when something unfortunate happens. For example: It's regrettable that the event was canceled「イベントが中止になって残念です」(イベントがちゅうしになってざんねんです). I'm disappointed that I couldn't meet you「会えなくて残念です」(あえなくてざんねんです). The word can also be used to politely express sympathy or disappointment on behalf of someone else, such as '残念ながら (ざんねんながら)', which means 'unfortunately'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1992

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrance

Reading

Kanji

玄Profound, Mysterious 関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '玄関 (げんかん)' refers to the entrance area of a house or building, typically where shoes are removed before entering. It is a culturally significant space in Japanese homes, often designed with a genkan step to separate the outside from the inside. For example: Please take off your shoes at the entrance「玄関で靴を脱いでください」(げんかんでくつをぬいでください). The entrance is very clean「玄関はとてもきれいです」(げんかんはとてもきれいです). This word is essential in daily life and reflects Japanese customs regarding cleanliness and respect for indoor spaces.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1993

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Record

Reading

Kanji

記Record

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '記 (き)' means 'record' or 'chronicle'. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate a written account, documentation, or record of something. For example: a travel record「旅行記」(りょこうき). A historical record「歴史記」(れきしき). This suffix is often used in formal or literary contexts to denote a systematic or detailed account of events, experiences, or information. It can also imply a sense of permanence or importance in the documentation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1994

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parking lot

Reading

Kanji

駐Parking, Stationed 車Car 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '駐車場 (ちゅうしゃじょう)' means 'parking lot'. It refers to a designated area where vehicles can be parked. This word is commonly used in everyday situations, such as when looking for a place to park a car. For example: The parking lot is full「駐車場がいっぱいです」(ちゅうしゃじょうがいっぱいです). Where is the parking lot?「駐車場はどこですか？」(ちゅうしゃじょうはどこですか？). The word is often seen on signs and maps, indicating the location of parking facilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1998

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Back

Reading

Kanji

背Back, Height 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '背中 (せなか)' refers to the 'back' of a person or animal. It specifically denotes the rear part of the body from the neck to the waist. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be used in various contexts, such as describing physical posture, pain, or even metaphorical situations. For example: His back is straight「彼の背中はまっすぐだ」(かれのせなかはまっすぐだ). I have a pain in my back「背中が痛い」(せなかがいたい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe support or reliance, as in 'I rely on my friend's back'「友達の背中に頼る」(ともだちのせなかにたよる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2000

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sashimi

Reading

Kanji

刺Stab 身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '刺身 (さしみ)' refers to 'sashimi', a dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or seafood, often served with garnishes like shredded daikon radish and shiso leaves, and accompanied by soy sauce and wasabi. It is a staple in Japanese cuisine and highlights the freshness and quality of the seafood. Example sentences: I love sashimi「刺身が大好きです」(さしみがだいすきです). This restaurant serves delicious sashimi「このレストランは美味しい刺身を出します」(このレストランはおいしいさしみをだします). Sashimi is often eaten with soy sauce and wasabi「刺身は醤油とわさびと一緒に食べます」(さしみはしょうゆとわさびといっしょにたべます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2001

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

辺Boundary, Vicinity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '辺 (へん)' refers to an area, vicinity, or neighborhood. It is often used to describe a general location or region without specifying exact boundaries. For example: This area is quiet「この辺は静かです」(このへんはしずかです). Is there a convenience store around here?「この辺にコンビニはありますか？」(このへんにコンビニはありますか？). It can also imply a rough or approximate location, such as 'around here' or 'somewhere in this area.' The word is versatile and commonly used in everyday conversation to refer to places or surroundings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2002

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Judo

Reading

Kanji

柔Soft, Gentle 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese noun '柔道 (じゅうどう)' refers to the martial art of judo, which originated in Japan. Judo emphasizes using an opponent's strength and momentum against them, focusing on throws, pins, and joint locks rather than strikes. It is both a competitive sport and a method of physical and mental training. Example sentences: I practice judo「私は柔道を練習します」(わたしはじゅうどうをれんしゅうします). Judo is a traditional Japanese martial art「柔道は日本の伝統的な武道です」(じゅうどうはにほんのでんとうてきなぶどうです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2009

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

After, Hereafter

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 後After, Behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以後 (いご)' refers to a period of time starting from a specific point and continuing into the future. It is often used to indicate 'after' a particular event or time, or to mean 'hereafter' in a formal context. For example: After this incident, things changed「この事件以後、状況が変わった」(このじけんいご、じょうきょうがかわった). From now on, we will follow the new rules「以後、新しいルールに従います」(いご、あたらしいルールにしたがいます). The word is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese, particularly in formal or official contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2010

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Military

Reading

Kanji

軍Army 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '軍事 (ぐんじ)' refers to matters related to the military or armed forces. It encompasses activities, strategies, and operations associated with warfare or defense. This term is often used in formal or official contexts. For example: The country strengthened its military「その国は軍事を強化した」(そのくにはぐんじをきょうかした). Military technology is advancing rapidly「軍事技術は急速に進歩している」(ぐんじぎじゅつはきゅうそくにしんぽしている). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '軍事力 (ぐんじりょく)' (military power) or '軍事基地 (ぐんじきち)' (military base).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2011

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Claim, Assertion

Reading

Kanji

主Master 張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '主張 (しゅちょう)' means 'claim' or 'assertion'. It refers to the act of stating or declaring something firmly, often in the context of expressing an opinion, belief, or position. This word is commonly used in discussions, debates, or when someone is emphasizing their point of view. For example: He made a strong claim about the policy「彼はその政策について強く主張した」(かれはそのせいさくについてつよくしゅちょうした). Her assertion was supported by evidence「彼女の主張は証拠によって裏付けられていた」(かのじょのしゅちょうはしょうこによってうらづけられていた). Note that '主張' can also imply a sense of insistence or determination in one's stance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2014

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bottom

Reading

Kanji

底Bottom

Explanation

The Japanese noun '底 (そこ)' means 'bottom'. This word is used to refer to the lowest part or base of something, such as a container, a body of water, or even abstract concepts like emotions. For example: the bottom of the sea「海の底」(うみのそこ). I hit rock bottom emotionally「感情の底に落ちた」(かんじょうのそこにおちた). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the lowest point of a situation or condition. For instance: the bottom of the economic recession「不況の底」(ふきょうのそこ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2015

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collection

Reading

Kanji

集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '集 (しゅう)' means 'collection'. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate a gathering or compilation of items, works, or people. For example, a book of poems can be called '詩集 (ししゅう)', meaning 'poetry collection'. Similarly, '写真集 (しゃしんしゅう)' refers to a 'photo collection' or 'photo album'. This suffix is often used in titles of books, albums, or other compilations. Example sentences: This is a collection of famous paintings「これは有名な絵画の集です」(これはゆうめいなかいがのしゅうです). I bought a new music collection「新しい音楽集を買いました」(あたらしいおんがくしゅうをかいました).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2017

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shogun

Reading

Kanji

将Leader, Commander 軍Army

Explanation

The Japanese noun '将軍 (しょうぐん)' refers to the historical title of the military dictator of Japan, known as the 'shogun'. This title was used from the 12th to the 19th century, and the shogun was the de facto ruler of Japan, while the emperor was the symbolic head of state. The shogunate system was known as the 'bakufu'. Example sentences: The shogun ruled Japan for centuries「将軍は何世紀も日本を支配した」(しょうぐんはなんせいきもにほんをしはいした). The shogun's power was absolute「将軍の力は絶対的だった」(しょうぐんのちからはぜったいてきだった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2020

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vice

Reading

Kanji

副Secondary

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '副 (ふく)' means 'vice' or 'deputy'. It is commonly used to denote a secondary or subordinate position, often in titles or roles. For example: vice president「副社長」(ふくしゃちょう). This prefix is typically attached to nouns to indicate a secondary role or position. Another example: vice minister「副大臣」(ふくだいじん). It is important to note that '副 (ふく)' is always used as a prefix and not as a standalone word.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2022

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Edge, Fate

Reading

Kanji

縁Relation, Edge

Explanation

The Japanese noun '縁 (えん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'fate' or 'destiny', referring to a connection or bond between people, often implying a predestined relationship. For example: We met by fate「私たちは縁で出会った」(わたしたちはえんでであった). The second meaning is 'edge' or 'rim', referring to the boundary or outer part of something. For example: The edge of the table is chipped「テーブルの縁が欠けている」(テーブルのえんがかけている). The context in which '縁' is used will determine whether it refers to fate or an edge, so pay attention to the surrounding words.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2025

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mail

Reading

Kanji

郵Mail 便Convenience

Explanation

The Japanese noun '郵便 (ゆうびん)' refers to 'mail' or 'postal service'. It is commonly used to describe letters, packages, or any items sent through the postal system. This word is often seen in contexts related to sending or receiving mail, post offices, or postal workers. For example: I received mail today「今日、郵便が届きました」(きょう、ゆうびんがとどきました). Please send this by mail「これを郵便で送ってください」(これをゆうびんでおくってください). The term can also be part of compound words, such as '郵便局 (ゆうびんきょく)' (post office) or '郵便配達員 (ゆうびんはいたついん)' (mail carrier).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2028

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attack

Reading

Kanji

攻Attack, Aggression 撃Beat, Strike

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '攻撃 (こうげき)' primarily means 'attack'. It refers to an aggressive and violent action against someone or something, often used in contexts like military, sports, or debates. It can describe both physical and verbal attacks. For example: The army launched an attack「軍隊が攻撃を開始した」(ぐんたいがこうげきをかいしした). He was criticized for his harsh attack on the policy「彼はその政策への厳しい攻撃で批判された」(かれはそのせいさくへのきびしいこうげきでひはんされた). Note that '攻撃' can also be used metaphorically, such as attacking a problem or issue, indicating a strong and direct approach to solving it.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2029

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Staff

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職員 (しょくいん)' refers to 'staff' or 'employees' of an organization, institution, or company. It is commonly used to describe people who work in a professional capacity, such as school staff, hospital staff, or office workers. For example: The staff is very helpful「職員はとても親切です」(しょくいんはとてもしんせつです). The hospital staff works hard「病院の職員は一生懸命働いています」(びょういんのしょくいんはいっしょうけんめいはたらいています). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2030

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Territory, Domain

Reading

Kanji

領Territory 域Area, Limits

Explanation

The Japanese noun '領域 (りょういき)' refers to a specific area, region, or domain. It can be used to describe physical territories, such as land or regions, as well as abstract domains, such as fields of expertise or areas of control. For example: This is the territory of our company「これは私たちの会社の領域です」(これはわたしたちのかいしゃのりょういきです). He is an expert in the field of science「彼は科学の領域の専門家です」(かれはかがくのりょういきのせんもんかです). The word can also imply boundaries or limits, such as in '侵入してはいけない領域 (しんにゅうしてはいけないりょういき) (a restricted area).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2031

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thanks

Reading

Kanji

礼Bow, Salute

Explanation

The Japanese noun '礼 (れい)' primarily means 'thanks' or 'gratitude'. It is often used in formal contexts to express appreciation or acknowledgment. This word can also refer to a bow or gesture of respect, which is a common way to show gratitude in Japanese culture. For example: He expressed his thanks「彼は礼を言った」(かれはれいをいった). She bowed in gratitude「彼女は礼をした」(かのじょはれいをした). The word is deeply tied to cultural practices of politeness and respect, making it essential in formal interactions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2032

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Firetruck

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 防Prevent, Defend 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese noun '消防車 (しょうぼうしゃ)' refers to a 'firetruck', a vehicle equipped for firefighting. It is commonly used in contexts related to emergency services and firefighting. Example sentences include: The firetruck arrived quickly「消防車がすぐに到着した」(しょうぼうしゃがすぐにとうちゃくした). I saw a firetruck on the way to work「仕事に行く途中で消防車を見た」(しごとにいくとちゅうでしょうぼうしゃをみた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2034

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temporary

Reading

Kanji

仮Temporary

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仮 (かり)' means 'temporary'. It is often used to describe something that is provisional or not permanent. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as temporary arrangements, provisional measures, or interim solutions. For example: This is a temporary solution「これは仮の解決策です」(これはかりのかいけつさくです). The temporary bridge was built quickly「仮の橋はすぐに作られました」(かりのはしはすぐにつくられました). It's important to note that '仮' can also be part of compound words, such as '仮名 (かな)' (kana, the Japanese syllabary) or '仮定 (かてい)' (assumption).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2038

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sightseeing

Reading

Kanji

観View 光Light

Explanation

The Japanese noun '観光 (かんこう)' refers to 'sightseeing' or 'tourism'. It is commonly used to describe the activity of visiting places of interest, especially when traveling. This word is often associated with leisure travel and exploring new destinations. For example: We went sightseeing in Kyoto「私たちは京都で観光しました」(わたしたちはきょうとでかんこうしました). Sightseeing is popular in this area「この地域では観光が人気です」(このちいきではかんこうがにんきです). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '観光地 (かんこうち)' (tourist spot) or '観光客 (かんこうきゃく)' (tourist).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2039

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vegetable

Reading

Kanji

野Field 菜Vegetable

Explanation

The Japanese noun '野菜 (やさい)' means 'vegetable'. It refers to edible plants or parts of plants, typically used in cooking or eaten raw. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations, especially when discussing food, recipes, or healthy eating. For example: I bought vegetables at the market「市場で野菜を買いました」(いちばでやさいをかいました). Vegetables are good for your health「野菜は健康に良いです」(やさいはけんこうにいいです). The term can refer to a wide variety of vegetables, including leafy greens, root vegetables, and more. It is a neutral term and does not carry any particular nuance beyond its literal meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2042

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bone

Reading

Kanji

骨Bone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '骨 (ほね)' primarily means 'bone'. It refers to the hard, rigid structures that form the skeleton of vertebrates. This word is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: I broke my bone「骨を折った」(ほねをおった). This work is the backbone of the project「この仕事はプロジェクトの骨だ」(このしごとはプロジェクトのほねだ). In metaphorical usage, it can imply the core or essential part of something, as in the second example. The word is straightforward and widely used in everyday conversation as well as in medical or scientific contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2044

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subject

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教科 (きょうか)' refers to a 'subject' in the context of education, such as a specific field of study taught in school. It is commonly used to describe academic disciplines like mathematics, science, or history. For example: My favorite subject is math「私の好きな教科は数学です」(わたしのすきなきょうかはすうがくです). We have five subjects this semester「今学期は五つの教科があります」(こんがっきはいつつのきょうかがあります). The term is often used in educational settings and is neutral in tone, applicable to both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2045

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rice, Meal

Reading

Kanji

御Honorable, General honorific term 飯Cooked rice, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '御飯 (ごはん)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'rice', referring specifically to cooked rice, which is a staple food in Japanese cuisine. The second meaning is 'meal', as rice is often the central component of a traditional Japanese meal. For example: I ate rice「御飯を食べた」(ごはんをたべた). Let's have a meal「御飯を食べましょう」(ごはんをたべましょう). The word can also be used in compound words like '朝御飯 (あさごはん)' meaning 'breakfast' and '晩御飯 (ばんごはん)' meaning 'dinner'. It's important to note that while '御飯' can mean both 'rice' and 'meal', the context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2046

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Electron

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電子 (でんし)' refers to an 'electron', a subatomic particle with a negative charge. This term is commonly used in scientific contexts, particularly in physics and chemistry. It can also be part of compound words related to electronics or digital technology, such as '電子メール (でんしメール)' (email) or '電子機器 (でんしきき)' (electronic device). Example sentences: Electrons are negatively charged particles「電子は負の電荷を持った粒子です」(でんしはふのでんかをもったりゅうしです). This device uses electrons to function「この装置は電子を使って機能します」(このそうちはでんしをつかってきのうします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2047

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cotton

Reading

Kanji

木Tree, Wood 綿Cotton

Explanation

The Japanese noun '木綿 (もめん)' refers to 'cotton', specifically the material or fabric made from cotton. It is commonly used in contexts related to clothing, textiles, and everyday items. For example: This shirt is made of cotton「このシャツは木綿です」(このシャツはもめんです). Cotton is soft and comfortable「木綿は柔らかくて快適です」(もめんはやわらかくてかいてきです). The word can also refer to cotton plants or cotton fibers, but its primary usage is in describing cotton fabric.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2049

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seat

Reading

Kanji

座Sit, Seat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '座 (ざ)' primarily means 'seat'. It refers to a place where someone sits, such as in a theater, a meeting, or any gathering. This word is often used in formal contexts or when referring to seating arrangements. For example: Please take your seat「どうぞお座りください」(どうぞおすわりください). The seats in the theater are comfortable「劇場の座は快適です」(げきじょうのざはかいてきです). Additionally, '座' can also refer to a group or association, particularly in traditional Japanese arts like Noh or Kabuki, where it denotes a troupe or guild. For example: He belongs to a famous Noh troupe「彼は有名な能の座に所属しています」(かれはゆうめいなのうのざにしょぞくしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2050

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bookshelf

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 棚Shelf

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本棚 (ほんだな)' means 'bookshelf'. It refers to a piece of furniture used for storing books. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as in homes, offices, or libraries. For example: The bookshelf is full「本棚がいっぱいです」(ほんだながいっぱいです). Please put the book on the bookshelf「本を本棚に置いてください」(ほんをほんだなおいてください). The word is a compound of '本 (ほん)' meaning 'book' and '棚 (たな)' meaning 'shelf', making it easy to remember for learners.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2058

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knee

Reading

Kanji

膝Knee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '膝 (ひざ)' refers to the 'knee', the joint between the thigh and the lower leg. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can describe both the physical body part and actions involving the knee. For example: My knee hurts「膝が痛い」(ひざがいたい). He sat on his knees「彼は膝をついて座った」(かれはひざをついてすわった). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase '膝を抱く (ひざをだく)', which means to hug one's knees, often indicating a posture of reflection or sadness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2062

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ideal

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理想 (りそう)' means 'ideal'. It refers to a standard of perfection or excellence that is often strived for but may not be fully attainable. This word is commonly used in contexts related to personal aspirations, societal goals, or philosophical concepts. For example: his ideal is world peace「彼の理想は世界平和です」(かれのりそうはせかいへいわです). We should aim for the ideal「理想を目指すべきです」(りそうをめざすべきです). The term can also be used in compound words like '理想的な (りそうてきな)' meaning 'idealistic' or '理想的 (りそうてき)' meaning 'ideal' as an adjective.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2063

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thief

Reading

Kanji

泥Mud, Adhere to 棒Pole, Bar

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '泥棒 (どろぼう)' means 'thief'. It refers to a person who steals, typically in a sneaky or covert manner. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can describe both petty thieves and more serious criminals. For example: The thief stole my wallet「泥棒が私の財布を盗んだ」(どろぼうがわたしのさいふをぬすんだ). Be careful of thieves in this area「この辺りでは泥棒に気をつけて」(このあたりではどろぼうにきをつけて). The word can also be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '泥棒を捕まえる (どろぼうをつかまえる)' which means 'to catch a thief'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2066

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Civilization

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文明 (ぶんめい)' refers to 'civilization', encompassing the advanced state of human society, marked by developments in culture, science, industry, and government. It is often used to discuss historical or global contexts, such as the rise and fall of civilizations or comparisons between different cultures. Example sentences include: Ancient civilizations were fascinating「古代文明は魅力的だった」(こだいぶんめいはみりょくてきだった). Modern civilization depends on technology「現代文明は技術に依存している」(げんだいぶんめいはぎじゅつにいぞんしている). The word can also imply progress or advancement, as in '文明の進歩 (ぶんめいのしんぽ)' (progress of civilization).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2067

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thanks

Reading

Kanji

御Honorable, General honorific term 陰Shade

Explanation

The Japanese noun '御陰 (おかげ)' means 'thanks' or 'owing to'. It is used to express gratitude or to indicate that something positive has happened because of someone or something else. It often carries a nuance of appreciation or acknowledgment of help or support. For example: Thanks to you, I succeeded「あなたのおかげで成功しました」(あなたのおかげでせいこうしました). Thanks to the rain, the plants grew well「雨のおかげで植物がよく育ちました」(あめのおかげでしょくぶつがよくそだちました). Note that 'おかげ' can also be used sarcastically to imply that something negative happened because of someone or something, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2068

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Topic

Reading

Kanji

話Talk 題Topic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '話題 (わだい)' means 'topic'. It refers to a subject of conversation or discussion. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to indicate what people are talking about. For example: That's an interesting topic「それは面白い話題だ」(それはおもしろいわだいだ). Let's change the topic「話題を変えましょう」(わだいをかえましょう). The word can also be used to describe trending or popular subjects, such as in '最近の話題 (さいきんのわだい) (recent topic/trending topic)'. It is a versatile term that can apply to any subject matter being discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2071

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Washing machine

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 濯Wash, Rinse 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洗濯機 (せんたくき)' means 'washing machine'. It refers to the household appliance used for washing clothes. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing household chores or appliances. For example: I bought a new washing machine「新しい洗濯機を買いました」(あたらしいせんたくきをかいました). The washing machine is broken「洗濯機が壊れています」(せんたくきがこわれています). It's important to note that this noun is often used in contexts related to home maintenance, laundry, or shopping for appliances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2073

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Laundry

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 濯Wash, Rinse

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '洗濯 (せんたく)' refers to the act of washing clothes or doing laundry. It is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about household chores. For example: I did the laundry today「今日は洗濯をしました」(きょうはせんたくをしました). The laundry is drying outside「洗濯物が外で乾いています」(せんたくものがそとでかわいています). This word is often combined with other words to form phrases like '洗濯機 (せんたくき)' (washing machine) or '洗濯物 (せんたくもの)' (laundry items).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2074

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Coffee shop

Reading

Kanji

喫Ingest, Consume 茶Tea 店Shop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '喫茶店 (きっさてん)' refers to a 'coffee shop' or 'café'. It is a place where people go to drink coffee, tea, and other beverages, often accompanied by light snacks or desserts. Unlike modern cafés, traditional 喫茶店 often have a retro or nostalgic atmosphere. Example sentences: Let's meet at the coffee shop「喫茶店で会いましょう」(きっさてんであいましょう). This coffee shop has delicious cake「この喫茶店はケーキが美味しい」(このきっさてんはケーキがおいしい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2076

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hard, Earnestly

Reading

Kanji

一One 生Life 懸Suspend 命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一生懸命 (いっしょうけんめい)' means 'hard' or 'earnestly'. It is used to describe doing something with great effort, determination, or seriousness. This word often conveys a sense of giving one's all or putting in maximum effort. For example: I studied hard for the exam「試験のために一生懸命勉強した」(しけんのためにいっしょうけんめいべんきょうした). She worked earnestly to achieve her dream「彼女は夢を叶えるために一生懸命働いた」(かのじょはゆめをかなえるためにいっしょうけんめいはたらいた). The word can also be used to describe physical effort, such as running hard「一生懸命走った」(いっしょうけんめいはしった). Note that while 'hard' is a common translation, the nuance of '一生懸命' often includes a sense of sincerity and dedication.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2082

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heat, Fever

Reading

Kanji

熱Heat, Temperature

Explanation

The Japanese noun '熱 (ねつ)' can mean both 'heat' and 'fever', depending on the context. When referring to 'heat', it describes the physical property of high temperature, such as in the context of weather or objects. For example: The heat of the sun is strong today「今日は太陽の熱が強い」(きょうはたいようのねつがつよい). When referring to 'fever', it describes a medical condition where the body temperature is elevated. For example: I have a fever「熱があります」(ねつがあります). The word is versatile and its meaning is determined by the surrounding context. It is commonly used in both everyday conversation and medical settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2083

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Break

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 憩Rest

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休憩 (きゅうけい)' means 'break'. It refers to a short period of rest or pause, often taken during work, study, or other activities. This word is commonly used in contexts like taking a break at work or during a long journey. For example: Let's take a break「休憩しましょう」(きゅうけいしましょう). We took a break after two hours of work「2時間働いた後、休憩しました」(にじかんはたらいたあと、きゅうけいしました). It's important to note that '休憩' is often used in formal or semi-formal settings, and it implies a temporary pause with the intention to resume the activity afterward.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2085

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Origin

Reading

Kanji

抑Restrain, Suppress

Explanation

The Japanese noun '抑 (そもそも)' refers to the origin, beginning, or fundamental basis of something. It is often used to emphasize the starting point or root cause of a situation or topic. For example: The origin of the problem lies in miscommunication「問題の抑はコミュニケーション不足にある」(もんだいのそもそもはコミュニケーションぶそくにある). From the very beginning, this plan was flawed「抑、この計画には欠陥があった」(そもそも、このけいかくにはけっかんがあった). This word is commonly used in discussions or explanations to trace back to the root of an issue.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2086

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Natto

Reading

Kanji

納Settlement 豆Beans

Explanation

The Japanese noun '納豆 (なっとう)' refers to 'natto', a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans. It is known for its strong smell, sticky texture, and unique flavor. Natto is often eaten for breakfast and is considered a healthy food due to its high protein and probiotic content. It is typically served with rice, mustard, and soy sauce. Example sentences: I eat natto every morning「毎朝納豆を食べます」(まいあさなっとうをたべます). Natto is good for your health「納豆は健康に良いです」(なっとうはけんこうにいいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2087

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Makeup

Reading

Kanji

化Change 粧Cosmetics, Apply makeup

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '化粧 (けしょう)' primarily means 'makeup'. It refers to the act of applying cosmetics to enhance or alter one's appearance. This word is commonly used in contexts related to beauty, fashion, and personal grooming. For example: She is putting on makeup「彼女は化粧をしている」(かのじょはけしょうをしている). This store sells makeup「この店は化粧を売っている」(このみせはけしょうをうっている). Additionally, '化粧' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe something being 'dressed up' or 'embellished', such as in the phrase '化粧直し (けしょうなおし)', which means 'touch-up' or 'refurbishment'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2089

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Humankind

Reading

Kanji

人Person 類Kind, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人類 (じんるい)' refers to 'humankind' or 'the human race' as a whole. It is used in contexts discussing humanity collectively, often in scientific, philosophical, or historical discussions. For example: The history of humankind is long「人類の歴史は長い」(じんるいのれきしはながい). Humankind has made great progress「人類は大きな進歩を遂げた」(じんるいはおおきなしんぽをとげた). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts, though it is more common in academic or serious discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2091

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooking

Reading

Kanji

自Self 炊Boil, Cook

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '自炊 (じすい)' refers to the act of cooking for oneself, typically at home. It is often used to describe the practice of preparing one's own meals instead of eating out or relying on pre-made food. This term is commonly used by students or individuals living alone. For example: I cook for myself every day「毎日自炊しています」(まいにちじすいしています). Cooking at home is cheaper「自炊は安いです」(じすいはやすいです). The word emphasizes self-sufficiency and independence in meal preparation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2095

Composition

kanji

Handwriting