Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Product

Reading

Kanji

産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '産 (さん)' is used to indicate the origin or place of production of something. It is often attached to the name of a place or country to specify where a product or item comes from. For example: Japanese-made「日本産」(にほんさん). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to food, goods, or materials to highlight their origin. For instance: This is a product of France「これはフランス産です」(これはフランスさんです). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something as being 'produced' or 'originating' from a particular place or source.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3250

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance, Pattern

Reading

Kanji

模Imitation 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese noun '模様 (もよう)' primarily means 'pattern', referring to designs or arrangements, such as on fabric or in nature. It can also mean 'appearance' or 'state', indicating how something looks or the condition it is in. For example: The kimono has a beautiful pattern「その着物は美しい模様がある」(そのきものはうつくしいもようがある). The weather seems to be taking a turn for the worse「天気が悪くなる模様だ」(てんきがわるくなるもようだ). The dual meanings are context-dependent, with 'pattern' being more common in physical descriptions and 'appearance' used in more abstract or situational contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3253

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dragon

Reading

Kanji

竜Dragon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '竜 (りゅう)' refers to a 'dragon', a mythical creature often depicted as a large, serpentine or reptilian being with magical or spiritual qualities. In Japanese culture, dragons are typically seen as benevolent and associated with water, rain, and protection. They are a common motif in folklore, art, and festivals. Example sentences: The dragon flew across the sky「竜が空を飛んだ」(りゅうがそらをとんだ). The shrine is guarded by a dragon「その神社は竜に守られている」(そのじんじゃはりゅうにまもられている). Note that '竜' is often used in names, stories, and symbolic contexts, and it carries a more traditional or mythical connotation compared to the word 'ドラゴン' (doragon), which is used for Western-style dragons.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3254

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Each

Reading

Kanji

各Each 自Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '各自 (かくじ)' means 'each' or 'each person'. It is used to refer to individuals within a group, emphasizing that each person is responsible for themselves or has their own role. This term is often used in contexts where individual responsibility or action is highlighted. For example: Each person should bring their own lunch「各自、お弁当を持参してください」(かくじ、おべんとうをじさんしてください). Each student must complete their homework「各自、宿題を終わらせなければなりません」(かくじ、しゅくだいをおわらせなければなりません). The word is commonly used in formal or instructional settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3256

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '順 (じゅん)' means 'order' or 'sequence'. It refers to the arrangement or progression of things in a particular sequence. This word is often used in contexts where the sequence or arrangement is important, such as in instructions, rankings, or processes. For example: Please line up in order「順に並んでください」(じゅんにならんでください). The order of events is important「順番が大切です」(じゅんばんがたいせつです). It can also be used in compound words like '順番 (じゅんばん)' meaning 'turn' or 'order of turns'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3258

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Name

Reading

Kanji

名Name 称Appellation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名称 (めいしょう)' refers to the 'name' or 'title' of something, such as an object, place, or organization. It is often used in formal or official contexts to denote the designated name of an entity. For example: the name of this product is...「この製品の名称は...」(このせいひんのめいしょうは...). The official name of the company is...「会社の正式名称は...」(かいしゃのせいしきめいしょうは...). This word is commonly used in legal, administrative, or technical settings to specify the exact designation of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3259

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Via

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 由Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '経由 (けいゆ)' means 'via' or 'by way of'. It is used to indicate the route or means through which something is done or achieved. This term is commonly used in contexts involving travel, communication, or processes. For example: I will go to Osaka via Kyoto「京都経由で大阪に行きます」(きょうとけいゆでおおさかにいきます). The package was sent via airmail「その小包は航空便経由で送られました」(そのこづつみはこうくうびんけいゆでおくられました). It can also be used metaphorically to describe indirect methods or channels.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3260

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Taxation

Reading

Kanji

課Section, Lesson 税Tax

Explanation

The Japanese noun '課税 (かぜい)' refers to the act or system of imposing taxes. It is commonly used in legal, financial, and administrative contexts to describe the process of levying taxes on income, property, goods, or services. For example: The government imposes taxation on luxury goods「政府は贅沢品に課税する」(せいふはぜいたくひんにかぜいする). This income is subject to taxation「この所得は課税対象です」(このしょとくはかぜいたいしょうです). The term can also refer to the tax itself in certain contexts, but its primary meaning is the act of taxing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3262

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trust, Credit

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '信用 (しんよう)' primarily means 'trust' or 'credit'. It refers to the belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something. It is often used in contexts involving relationships, business, or financial transactions. For example: I trust him「彼を信用しています」(かれをしんようしています). The company has good credit「その会社は信用が良い」(そのかいしゃはしんようがよい). Note that '信用' can also imply credibility or reputation, as in '信用を得る (しんようをえる)' (to gain trust/credibility).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3264

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extra, Unnecessary

Reading

Kanji

余Excess 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '余計 (よけい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'extra', referring to something additional or surplus. For example: I bought extra food「余計な食べ物を買った」(よけいなたべものをかった). The second meaning is 'unnecessary', referring to something that is not needed or excessive. For example: His comments were unnecessary「彼のコメントは余計だった」(かれのコメントはよけいだった). The word can also imply something is excessive or unwelcome, depending on the context. It is often used to describe actions, objects, or remarks that are either additional or superfluous.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3265

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Childcare

Reading

Kanji

育Raise, Grow 児Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '育児 (いくじ)' refers to the act of raising or caring for children. It encompasses all activities related to the upbringing of a child, including feeding, education, and emotional support. This term is often used in contexts discussing parenting, family life, and social services. For example: She is busy with childcare「彼女は育児で忙しい」(かのじょはいくじでいそがしい). Childcare is challenging but rewarding「育児は大変だがやりがいがある」(いくじはたいへんだがやりがいがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3266

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trust

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 頼Ask, Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '信頼 (しんらい)' means 'trust'. It refers to a firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something. This word is often used in contexts involving relationships, teamwork, or reliability. For example: I trust my friend「私は友達を信頼している」(わたしはともだちをしんらいしている). Mutual trust is important in a team「チームでの相互信頼は大切です」(チームでのそうごしんらいはたいせつです). The word can also be used in formal or professional settings, such as '信頼関係 (しんらいかんけい)', which means 'relationship of trust'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3267

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Request

Reading

Kanji

依Reliant, Depend on 頼Ask, Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '依頼 (いらい)' means 'request'. It is used to refer to the act of asking someone to do something or to provide a service. This word is commonly used in formal or business contexts, such as when requesting a service from a company or asking someone to complete a task. For example: I made a request to the company「会社に依頼をしました」(かいしゃにいらいをしました). Please accept my request「私の依頼を受け入れてください」(わたしのいらいをうけいれてください). The word can also imply a sense of reliance or dependence on the person being asked, as in '彼に依頼する (かれにいらいする) (to rely on him)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3268

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entertainment

Reading

Kanji

芸Art, Performance 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芸能 (げいのう)' refers to the world of entertainment, including performing arts, music, acting, and other forms of public performance. It is often used to describe the industry or profession related to entertainment. For example: She works in the entertainment industry「彼女は芸能界で働いています」(かのじょはげいのうかいではたらいています). Traditional Japanese entertainment is fascinating「伝統的な日本の芸能は魅力的です」(でんとうてきなにほんのげいのうはみりょくてきです). The term can also refer to the skills or talents associated with performing arts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3271

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Independence

Reading

Kanji

自Self 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自立 (じりつ)' means 'independence'. It refers to the state of being self-reliant or self-sufficient, often in the context of personal, financial, or emotional independence. This word is commonly used to describe someone who can take care of themselves without relying on others. For example: She achieved financial independence「彼女は経済的に自立した」(かのじょはけいざいてきにじりつした). Young people strive for independence「若者は自立を目指す」(わかものはじりつをめざす). The concept of '自立' is highly valued in Japanese society, emphasizing personal responsibility and autonomy.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3272

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compensation

Reading

Kanji

賠Compensate, Compensation 償Recompense, Reparation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '賠償 (ばいしょう)' refers to 'compensation', particularly in the context of legal or financial reparation for damages, losses, or injuries. It is commonly used in legal settings, such as lawsuits or insurance claims, where one party is required to compensate another for harm caused. For example: The company paid compensation for the damages「会社は損害の賠償を支払った」(かいしゃはそんがいのばいしょうをしはらった). He demanded compensation for the accident「彼は事故の賠償を要求した」(かれはじこのばいしょうをようきゅうした). This term is often associated with formal or serious situations where restitution is necessary.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3273

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lead

Reading

Kanji

主Master 役Duty

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主役 (しゅやく)' refers to the 'lead' or 'main role' in a performance, such as in a play, movie, or any event. It can also metaphorically describe someone who plays a central role in a situation. For example: She is the lead in the play「彼女はその劇の主役です」(かのじょはそのげきのしゅやくです). He always wants to be the main character「彼はいつも主役になりたがる」(かれはいつもしゅやくになりたがる). This term is often used in both literal and figurative contexts to denote prominence or centrality.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3274

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Metal

Reading

Kanji

金Gold 属Belong

Explanation

The Japanese noun '金属 (きんぞく)' means 'metal'. It refers to any of the elements or alloys that are typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity. This word is commonly used in scientific, industrial, and everyday contexts. For example: this tool is made of metal「この道具は金属でできている」(このどうぐはきんぞくでできている). Gold is a precious metal「金は貴金属です」(きんはききんぞくです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something strong or unyielding, as in '彼の意志は金属のように強い' (かれのいしはきんぞくのようにつよい) (His will is as strong as metal).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3275

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Movement, Operation

Reading

Kanji

動Move 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動作 (どうさ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'movement', referring to the physical motion of a person, animal, or object. For example: the robot's movements are smooth「ロボットの動作は滑らかです」(ロボットのどうさはなめらかです). The second meaning is 'operation', referring to the functioning or performance of a machine, system, or software. For example: the software's operation is stable「ソフトウェアの動作は安定しています」(ソフトウェアのどうさはあんていしています). The word is commonly used in both technical and everyday contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3276

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Staple food

Reading

Kanji

主Master 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主食 (しゅしょく)' refers to the staple food of a meal, typically the main source of carbohydrates. In Japan, this is often rice, but it can also include bread, noodles, or other grains depending on the meal. For example: Rice is the staple food in Japan「日本では米が主食です」(にほんではこめがしゅしょくです). For breakfast, bread is my staple food「朝食にはパンが主食です」(ちょうしょくにはパンがしゅしょくです). The concept of '主食' is central to Japanese meals, where it is usually accompanied by side dishes known as 'おかず (おかず)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3278

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nobility

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious 族Family

Explanation

The Japanese noun '貴族 (きぞく)' refers to 'nobility' or 'aristocracy'. It describes a social class of people who hold hereditary titles or ranks, often associated with wealth, power, and privilege. This term is commonly used in historical or formal contexts to refer to the elite class in feudal or monarchical societies. For example: The nobility lived in grand castles「貴族は大きな城に住んでいた」(きぞくはおおきなしろにすんでいた). She comes from a family of nobility「彼女は貴族の家系です」(かのじょはきぞくのかけいです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone with refined or elegant qualities, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3279

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Main

Reading

Kanji

主Master

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '主 (おも)' means 'main' or 'principal'. It is used to describe something that is the most important, primary, or central in a given context. This word is often used to refer to the main part of something, the main reason, or the main focus. For example: the main reason「主な理由」(おもなりゆう). The main character in the story「物語の主な登場人物」(ものがたりのおもなとうじょうじんぶつ). Note that '主 (おも)' is often followed by the particle 'な' when used attributively to modify a noun, as in '主な理由 (おもなりゆう) (main reason)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3280

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Communism

Reading

Kanji

共Together 産Give birth 主Master 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '共産主義 (きょうさんしゅぎ)' refers to the political and economic ideology of 'communism'. It is a system where property and resources are owned collectively, and labor is organized for the common good. This term is often used in political discussions, historical contexts, or when describing economic systems. Example sentences: Communism aims for a classless society「共産主義は階級のない社会を目指す」(きょうさんしゅぎはかいきゅうのないしゃかいをめざす). He studies the history of communism「彼は共産主義の歴史を研究している」(かれはきょうさんしゅぎのれきしをけんきゅうしている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3281

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Direct

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '直 (ちょく)' means 'direct' and is often used to describe something that is straightforward, immediate, or without intermediaries. It can be used in various contexts, such as communication, travel, or actions. For example: direct communication「直のコミュニケーション」(ちょくのコミュニケーション). He took a direct flight「彼は直行便に乗った」(かれはちょっこうびんにのった). Note that '直' is often combined with other words to form compound terms, such as '直行 (ちょっこう)' (direct travel) or '直感 (ちょっかん)' (intuition).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3282

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Genuine

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本格 (ほんかく)' refers to something that is genuine, authentic, or full-fledged. It is often used to describe things that are serious, thorough, or of high quality, such as a genuine method, a full-scale effort, or an authentic style. For example: This is a genuine Italian restaurant「これは本格的なイタリアンレストランです」(これはほんかくてきなイタリアンレストランです). The company is making a full-scale effort to improve its services「その会社はサービス改善に本格的に取り組んでいます」(そのかいしゃはサービスかいぜんにほんかくてきにとりくんでいます). The word can also imply a sense of seriousness or commitment, as in '本格的な調査 (ほんかくてきなちょうさ) (a thorough investigation)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3283

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty, Obligation

Reading

Kanji

義Righteousness 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '義理 (ぎり)' refers to a sense of social obligation or duty, often tied to relationships or societal expectations. It is a deeply rooted concept in Japanese culture, emphasizing the importance of fulfilling one's responsibilities to maintain harmony. For example: I feel a sense of duty to help my friend「友達を助ける義理を感じる」(ともだちをたすけるぎりをかんじる). He attended the wedding out of obligation「彼は義理で結婚式に出席した」(かれはぎりでけっこんしきにしゅっせきした). This word is often used in contexts involving social expectations, such as gift-giving or attending events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3286

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parent child

Reading

Kanji

親Parent 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親子 (おやこ)' refers to the relationship or pair of a parent and child. It is commonly used to describe the bond or connection between a parent and their offspring, and can also refer to things that are related in a parent-child manner, such as a dish that includes both chicken and egg (親子丼 - おやこどん). For example: The parent and child went to the park「親子は公園に行った」(おやこはこうえんにいった). This restaurant is famous for its parent-child bowl「このレストランは親子丼で有名です」(このレストランはおやこどんでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3287

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mail, Flight

Reading

Kanji

便Convenience

Explanation

The Japanese noun '便 (びん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a 'flight' or 'airplane service', often used in the context of scheduled transportation. For example: The next flight to Tokyo is at 3 PM「次の東京行きの便は午後3時です」(つぎのとうきょうゆきのびんはごごさんじです). The second meaning refers to 'mail' or 'postal service', particularly in the context of sending letters or packages. For example: I sent the package by airmail「その小包を航空便で送りました」(そのこづつみをこうくうびんでおくりました). It's important to note that the context in which '便' is used will determine whether it refers to a flight or mail.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consultation

Reading

Kanji

協Cooperate 議Deliberation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '協議 (きょうぎ)' refers to a formal discussion or consultation, often involving multiple parties to reach a decision or agreement. It is commonly used in professional, political, or organizational contexts. For example: The committee held a consultation「委員会は協議を行った」(いいんかい は きょうぎ を おこなった). We need to have a discussion about this issue「この問題について協議が必要です」(このもんだい について きょうぎ が ひつようです). The term emphasizes a collaborative and deliberate process, often implying a structured or official setting.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3289

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chairperson

Reading

Kanji

議Deliberation 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese noun '議長 (ぎちょう)' refers to a 'chairperson' or 'presiding officer', typically in the context of a meeting, assembly, or committee. This person is responsible for leading discussions, maintaining order, and ensuring that procedures are followed. For example: The chairperson opened the meeting「議長が会議を開きました」(ぎちょうがかいぎをひらきました). The chairperson made an important decision「議長は重要な決定をしました」(ぎちょうはじゅうようなけっていをしました). The term is commonly used in formal settings, such as government, corporate, or organizational meetings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3290

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Profit, Revenue

Reading

Kanji

収Obtain 益Profit, Benefit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '収益 (しゅうえき)' refers to financial gain or income generated from business activities, investments, or other sources. It can mean both 'profit' (net gain after expenses) and 'revenue' (total income before expenses), depending on the context. For example: The company's profit increased「会社の収益が増えた」(かいしゃのしゅうえきがふえた). This quarter's revenue exceeded expectations「今期の収益は予想を上回った」(こんきのしゅうえきはよそうをうわまわった). The word is commonly used in business and financial contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3291

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agenda

Reading

Kanji

議Deliberation 題Topic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '議題 (ぎだい)' refers to the topic or subject of discussion, particularly in formal meetings or assemblies. It is commonly used in contexts such as business meetings, conferences, or political discussions. For example: The agenda for today's meeting is set「今日の会議の議題は決まっている」(きょうのかいぎのぎだいはきまっている). Let's add this issue to the agenda「この問題を議題に加えましょう」(このもんだいをぎだにくわえましょう). The word emphasizes the formal nature of the topic being discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3293

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discussion

Reading

Kanji

議Deliberation 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '議論 (ぎろん)' means 'discussion' or 'debate'. It refers to the act of discussing or debating a topic, often involving an exchange of opinions or arguments. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as academic, political, or professional settings. For example: We had a heated discussion about the policy「私たちはその政策について熱い議論をした」(わたしたちはそのせいさくについてあついぎろんをした). The debate on environmental issues continues「環境問題についての議論は続いている」(かんきょうもんだいについてのぎろんはつづいている). Note that '議論' often implies a structured or formal exchange of ideas, rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3294

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conclusion

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '結論 (けつろん)' means 'conclusion'. It refers to the final decision or judgment reached after considering all the facts or arguments. This word is often used in formal or logical contexts, such as debates, discussions, or academic writing. For example: we reached a conclusion「私たちは結論に達した」(わたしたちはけつろんにたっした). The conclusion of the report was clear「報告書の結論は明確だった」(ほうこくしょのけつろんはめいかくだった). It can also be used in phrases like '結論を出す (けつろんをだす)', which means 'to draw a conclusion'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3295

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discussion, Speech

Reading

Kanji

言Say 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese noun '言論 (げんろん)' refers to 'speech' or 'discussion', particularly in the context of public expression or debate. It is often used in formal or political contexts to describe the act of expressing opinions or ideas openly. For example: Freedom of speech is important「言論の自由は大切だ」(げんろんのじゆうはたいせつだ). The discussion about the policy was heated「その政策についての言論は白熱した」(そのせいさくについてのげんろんははくねつした). This word is commonly associated with the concept of free speech and intellectual discourse.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3297

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hair

Reading

Kanji

毛Fur

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毛 (け)' refers to 'hair'. This word is used to describe the fine, thread-like strands that grow on the skin of humans and animals. It can refer to hair on the head, body hair, or even the fur of animals. For example: my hair is long「私の毛は長い」(わたしのけはながい). The cat's fur is soft「猫の毛は柔らかい」(ねこのけはやわらかい). It's important to note that '毛 (け)' is often used in compound words to specify different types of hair or fur, such as '頭の毛 (あたまのけ)' (head hair) or '動物の毛 (どうぶつのけ)' (animal fur).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3298

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effort

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 数Number

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手数 (てすう)' refers to the amount of effort, steps, or procedures required to accomplish something. It often implies the complexity or the number of actions needed to achieve a task. For example: This recipe requires a lot of effort「このレシピは手数がかかる」(このレシピはてすうがかかる). Reducing the number of steps in the process「手数を減らす」(てすうをへらす). The word can also be used in contexts where someone goes out of their way to help, implying extra effort or trouble taken on their part.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3299

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Violation

Reading

Kanji

違Differ, Different 反Anti

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '違反 (いはん)' means 'violation'. It refers to the act of breaking a rule, law, or agreement. This term is commonly used in legal, social, or formal contexts to describe actions that go against established regulations. For example: He committed a traffic violation「彼は交通違反をした」(かれはこうつういはんをした). Violation of the contract will result in penalties「契約違反は罰則を伴います」(けいやくいはんはばっそくをともないます). Note that '違反' is often used in compound words like '交通違反 (こうつういはん)' (traffic violation) or '契約違反 (けいやくいはん)' (breach of contract).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3301

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thread

Reading

Kanji

糸Thread

Explanation

The Japanese noun '糸 (いと)' primarily means 'thread'. It refers to a thin, flexible strand or filament of material, often used in sewing or weaving. This word can also metaphorically represent something delicate or fine, like a thread of thought or connection. Example sentences: She bought red thread「彼女は赤い糸を買った」(かのじょはあかいいとをかった). The thread broke「糸が切れた」(いとがきれた). In some contexts, '糸' can also refer to strings in musical instruments, but this usage is less common and typically specified further.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3304

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Building, Construction

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care 築Build, Fabricate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '構築 (こうちく)' refers to the act of constructing or building something, often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. Literally, it can describe the construction of physical structures, such as buildings or systems. Metaphorically, it can refer to the building of abstract concepts, such as relationships, theories, or frameworks. For example: The construction of the new bridge is progressing smoothly「新しい橋の構築が順調に進んでいます」(あたらしいはしのこうちくがじゅんちょうにすすんでいます). Building a strong relationship requires effort「強い関係の構築には努力が必要です」(つよいかんけいのこうちくにはどりょくがひつようです). The word emphasizes the process and effort involved in creating something substantial.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3305

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weight

Reading

Kanji

体Body 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体重 (たいじゅう)' refers to a person's body weight. It is commonly used in contexts related to health, fitness, and medical discussions. For example: I check my weight every morning「毎朝体重を測ります」(まいあさたいじゅうをはかります). Her weight has decreased recently「最近彼女の体重が減りました」(さいきんかのじょのたいじゅうがへりました). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings. It is important to note that '体重' specifically refers to the physical measurement of weight, not metaphorical or abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3306

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Masses

Reading

Kanji

民People, Nation 衆Multitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '民衆 (みんしゅう)' refers to 'the masses' or 'the general public'. It is used to describe a large group of ordinary people, often in the context of society, politics, or history. This term carries a neutral to slightly formal tone and is commonly used in discussions about collective action, public opinion, or societal movements. Example sentences: The masses supported the movement「民衆はその運動を支持した」(みんしゅうはそのうんどうをしじした). The voice of the masses cannot be ignored「民衆の声は無視できない」(みんしゅうのこえはむしできない).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3307

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

応Answer, Respond 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '応用 (おうよう)' means 'application'. It refers to the act of applying knowledge, principles, or techniques to practical situations. This word is often used in academic, technical, or professional contexts to describe how theoretical concepts are put into practice. For example: the application of new technology「新しい技術の応用」(あたらしいぎじゅつのおうよう). This theory has many practical applications「この理論には多くの応用がある」(このりろんにはおおくのおうようがある). It is also commonly used in phrases like '応用科学 (おうようかがく)' (applied science) or '応用力 (おうようりょく)' (ability to apply knowledge).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3308

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tentatively

Reading

Kanji

一One 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一応 (いちおう)' means 'tentatively' or 'for the time being'. It is often used to indicate that something is done as a preliminary measure, without full commitment or certainty. It can also imply that something is done just in case or as a formality. For example: I tentatively finished the report「一応レポートは終わらせた」(いちおうレポートはおわらせた). I checked it just in case「一応確認した」(いちおうかくにんした). This adverb is commonly used in casual and formal contexts to express a sense of provisionality or precaution.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3309

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Answer

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times 答Answer

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '回答 (かいとう)' means 'answer' or 'response'. It is commonly used in formal or written contexts, such as answering a question, survey, or inquiry. This word is often paired with verbs like 'する' to form the phrase '回答する (かいとうする)', meaning 'to answer' or 'to respond'. For example: Please answer the question「質問に回答してください」(しつもんにかいとうしてください). The company provided an answer to the inquiry「会社はその問い合わせに回答しました」(かいしゃはそのといあわせにかいとうしました). Note that '回答' is more formal than casual alternatives like '答え (こたえ)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3310

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distinction

Reading

Kanji

区District 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '区別 (くべつ)' means 'distinction' or 'differentiation'. It refers to the act of distinguishing or differentiating between two or more things, ideas, or categories. This word is often used in contexts where clarity or separation is needed, such as in discussions about differences between concepts, objects, or groups. For example: It's important to make a distinction between right and wrong「正しいことと間違っていることの区別が重要です」(ただしいこととまちがっていることのくべつがじゅうようです). Can you distinguish between these two colors?「この二つの色の区別ができますか？」(このふたつのいろのくべつができますか？). The word can also be used in formal or academic contexts to describe clear categorization or separation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3312

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continent

Reading

Kanji

大Big 陸Land

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大陸 (たいりく)' means 'continent'. It refers to a large, continuous landmass on Earth, such as Asia, Africa, or North America. This term is often used in geographical or scientific contexts. For example: Asia is the largest continent「アジアは一番大きい大陸です」(アジアはいちばんおおきいたいりくです). The continent of Africa is rich in resources「アフリカ大陸は資源が豊かです」(アフリカたいりくはしげんがゆたかです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something vast or expansive, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3313

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 房Tassel, Chamber

Explanation

The Japanese noun '女房 (にょうぼう)' refers to one's wife. It is an old-fashioned and somewhat formal term, often used in historical or literary contexts. In modern Japanese, it is less commonly used in everyday conversation, where '妻 (つま)' or '奥さん (おくさん)' are more typical. However, it can still be found in traditional settings or when referring to someone else's wife in a respectful manner. Example sentences: His wife is very kind「彼の女房はとても優しい」(かれのにょうぼうはとてもやさしい). The lord's wife lived in the castle「殿様の女房は城に住んでいた」(とのさまのにょうぼうはしろにすんでいた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3314

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discrimination

Reading

Kanji

差Difference 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '差別 (さべつ)' means 'discrimination'. It refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, sex, or disability. This term is often used in discussions about social issues, human rights, and equality. For example: Discrimination based on race is unacceptable「人種による差別は許されない」(じんしゅによるさべつはゆるされない). She has experienced gender discrimination at work「彼女は職場で性別による差別を経験した」(かのじょはしょくばでせいべつによるさべつをけいけんした). The word '差別' carries a strong negative connotation and is used to highlight unfair treatment or bias.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3316

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gender

Reading

Kanji

性Gender, Sex 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '性別 (せいべつ)' refers to 'gender', specifically the classification of individuals as male, female, or other. It is commonly used in contexts discussing identity, demographics, or social issues. For example: What is your gender?「あなたの性別は何ですか？」(あなたのせいべつはなんですか？). Gender equality is important「性別の平等は大切です」(せいべつのびょうどうはたいせつです). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3317

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Economical

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 済Finish, Settle 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '経済的 (けいざいてき)' means 'economical'. It is used to describe something that is cost-effective, efficient, or financially prudent. This word is often used in contexts where saving money or resources is emphasized. For example: This car is economical「この車は経済的です」(このくるまはけいざいてきです). Using public transportation is economical「公共交通機関を使うのは経済的です」(こうきょうこうつうきかんをつかうのはけいざいてきです). The term can also imply a broader sense of efficiency, not just limited to financial savings.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3321

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voluntary

Reading

Kanji

自Self 主Master 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '自主的 (じしゅてき)' means 'voluntary' or 'self-directed'. It is used to describe actions, behaviors, or decisions that are undertaken by one's own initiative, without external compulsion. This word often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing independence and self-motivation. For example: She made a voluntary decision to help「彼女は自主的に助けることにした」(かのじょはじしゅてきにたすけることにした). The students organized the event voluntarily「学生たちは自主的にイベントを企画した」(がくせいたちはじしゅてきにイベントをきかくした). It is commonly used in contexts related to education, work, or personal responsibility.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3322

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rational

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 理Reason 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '合理的 (ごうりてき)' means 'rational' or 'logical'. It is used to describe something that is based on reason, logic, or efficiency. This word is often used in contexts where decisions, systems, or methods are being evaluated for their practicality or logical soundness. For example: His approach is very rational「彼のアプローチはとても合理的だ」(かれのアプローチはとてもごうりてきだ). This system is designed to be rational「このシステムは合理的に設計されている」(このシステムはごうりてきにせっけいされている). The term can also imply efficiency or being well-organized, as in '合理的な計画 (ごうりてきなけいかく) (rational plan)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3324

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boy

Reading

Kanji

坊Boy, Sonny

Explanation

The Japanese noun '坊 (ぼう)' is a colloquial term that typically refers to a young boy or a son. It is often used affectionately or informally, and can sometimes carry a slightly playful or teasing tone. For example: my son is a good boy「うちの坊はいい子だ」(うちのぼうはいいこだ). That boy is very energetic「あの坊はとても元気だ」(あのぼうはとてもげんきだ). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '坊ちゃん (ぼっちゃん)', which means 'young master' or 'son of a wealthy family'. It's important to note that while '坊' can be used to refer to boys, it is not as formal as '少年 (しょうねん)' or '男の子 (おとこのこ)', and is more commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3326

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formal

Reading

Kanji

形Shape 式Style, Ceremony 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '形式的 (けいしきてき)' means 'formal'. It is used to describe something that adheres strictly to established forms, rules, or conventions, often implying a lack of genuine substance or feeling. For example: The meeting was just a formality「会議は形式的なものだった」(かいぎはけいしきてきなものだった). Their apology seemed formal and insincere「彼らの謝罪は形式的で誠意が感じられなかった」(かれらのしゃざいはけいしきてきでせいいがかんじられなかった). This word is often used in contexts where actions or procedures are done out of obligation rather than genuine intent.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3329

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practical

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 用Use 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '実用的 (じつようてき)' means 'practical'. It is used to describe something that is useful, functional, or suitable for everyday use. This word often emphasizes the utility or effectiveness of an object, idea, or method. For example: This tool is very practical「この道具はとても実用的です」(このどうぐはとてもじつようてきです). Her approach to problem-solving is practical「彼女の問題解決の方法は実用的です」(かのじょのもんだいかいけつのほうほうはじつようてきです). The word can also be used to describe designs, plans, or systems that are efficient and not overly complicated.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3330

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandchild

Reading

Kanji

孫Grandchildren

Explanation

The Japanese noun '孫 (まご)' means 'grandchild'. It refers to the child of one's son or daughter. This term is used in family contexts to denote the generational relationship. For example: my grandchild is cute「私の孫はかわいい」(わたしのまごはかわいい). I love spending time with my grandchildren「孫と過ごす時間が大好きです」(まごとすごすじかんがだいすきです). The term can be used for both male and female grandchildren and is a common word in family-related conversations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3331

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feminine

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 性Gender, Sex 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '女性的 (じょせいてき)' means 'feminine'. It is used to describe qualities, characteristics, or behaviors that are traditionally associated with women or femininity. This word can be applied to people, objects, or even abstract concepts. For example: She has a feminine way of speaking「彼女は女性的な話し方をする」(かのじょはじょせいてきなはなしかたをする). This dress has a very feminine design「このドレスはとても女性的なデザインです」(このドレスはとてもじょせいてきなデザインです). The term often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing grace, elegance, or delicacy.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3333

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Horizontal, Level

Reading

Kanji

水Water 平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '水平 (すいへい)' primarily means 'horizontal' or 'level'. It is used to describe something that is flat, even, or parallel to the horizon. This term is often used in contexts related to physical orientation, such as construction, design, or nature. For example: The table is perfectly level「テーブルは完全に水平です」(テーブルはかんぜんにすいへいです). The horizon looks so wide and horizontal「水平線がとても広く水平に見える」(すいへいせんがとてもひろくすいへいにみえる). Note that '水平' can also imply balance or equilibrium in certain contexts, such as in '水平な関係 (すいへいなかんけい) (a balanced relationship)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3334

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Benefit, Payment

Reading

Kanji

給Supply, Salary 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '給付 (きゅうふ)' refers to a benefit or payment provided, often in the context of social welfare, insurance, or compensation. It is commonly used in formal or official settings to describe financial support or services provided to individuals. For example: The company provides health insurance benefits「会社は健康保険の給付を提供します」(かいしゃはけんこうほけんのきゅうふをていきょうします). The government increased unemployment benefits「政府は失業給付を増やしました」(せいふはしつぎょうきゅうふをふやしました). Note that '給付' is often paired with specific types of benefits, such as '医療給付 (いりょうきゅうふ)' (medical benefits) or '失業給付 (しつぎょうきゅうふ)' (unemployment benefits).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3335

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plate

Reading

Kanji

皿Plate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '皿 (さら)' refers to a 'plate', which is a flat dish used for serving food. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as dining or cooking. For example: Please wash the plate「皿を洗ってください」(さらをあらってください). The plate is broken「皿が割れている」(さらがわれている). It can also be used in compound words, such as 'お皿 (おさら)' which is a more polite or formal way to refer to a plate. The word is straightforward and primarily used to describe the physical object.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3336

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New year

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '正月 (しょうがつ)' refers to the 'New Year' period, specifically the first few days of January. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is associated with various traditions, celebrations, and customs. During this time, people often visit shrines, eat special foods like 'おせち料理 (おせちりょうり)', and spend time with family. Example sentences include: We celebrate New Year in Japan「日本では正月を祝います」(にほんではしょうがつをいわいます). I will visit my grandparents during New Year「正月に祖父母を訪ねます」(しょうがつにそふぼをたずねます). The atmosphere during New Year is very festive「正月の雰囲気はとてもお祭り気分です」(しょうがつのふんいきはとてもおまつりきぶんです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3337

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Style, Format

Reading

Kanji

様Way, Form 式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese noun '様式 (ようしき)' can mean 'style' or 'format', depending on the context. When referring to 'style', it often describes a particular manner, method, or artistic approach. For example: This painting has a unique style「この絵は独特の様式を持っている」(このえはどくとくのようしきをもっている). When referring to 'format', it is used to describe the structure or arrangement of something, such as documents or systems. For example: Please follow the specified format「指定された様式に従ってください」(していされたようしきにしたがってください). The word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts, including art, design, and administrative procedures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3338

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Horizon

Reading

Kanji

水Water 平Flat 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水平線 (すいへいせん)' refers to the 'horizon', the line where the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet. It is commonly used in contexts related to nature, travel, and scenery. For example: The sun is setting on the horizon「水平線に太陽が沈んでいる」(すいへいせんにたいようがしずんでいる). The ship disappeared beyond the horizon「船が水平線の向こうに消えた」(ふねがすいへいせんのむこうにきえた). This word is often used in poetic or descriptive language to evoke a sense of vastness or distance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3339

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Superior

Reading

Kanji

上Up 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '上等 (じょうとう)' means 'superior' or 'first-class'. It is used to describe something of high quality, excellence, or top-grade. This term can be applied to objects, services, or even situations. For example: This is a superior product「これは上等な製品です」(これはじょうとうなせいひんです). He received a first-class education「彼は上等な教育を受けた」(かれはじょうとうなきょういくをうけた). Additionally, '上等' can sometimes carry a slightly sarcastic or confrontational tone in casual speech, implying readiness to face a challenge, as in 'Bring it on! (上等だ！) (じょうとうだ！)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3340

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sudden illness

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent 病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '急病 (きゅうびょう)' means 'sudden illness.' It refers to an illness that occurs abruptly and requires immediate attention. This word is often used in contexts where someone falls sick unexpectedly and needs prompt medical care. For example: He had a sudden illness and was taken to the hospital 「彼は急病で病院に運ばれた」 (かれはきゅうびょうでびょういんにはこばれた). Due to a sudden illness, the meeting was canceled 「急病のため、会議は中止された」 (きゅうびょうのため、かいぎはちゅうしされた). This term is commonly used in medical or formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3344

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scientist

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department 学Learn 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '科学者 (かがくしゃ)' means 'scientist'. It refers to a person who is engaged in and has expert knowledge of a science, such as physics, chemistry, biology, or any other field of scientific study. This term is commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts. For example: He is a famous scientist「彼は有名な科学者です」(かれはゆうめいなかがくしゃです). Many scientists are researching climate change「多くの科学者が気候変動を研究しています」(おおくのかがくしゃがきこうへんどうをけんきゅうしています). The word is neutral and can refer to scientists of any gender or specialization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3345

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Atom

Reading

Kanji

原Meadow, Original 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原子 (げんし)' refers to an 'atom', the basic unit of matter in chemistry and physics. This term is used in scientific contexts to describe the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains its properties. For example: Atoms are the building blocks of matter「原子は物質の基本単位です」(げんしはぶっしつのきほんたんいです). The nucleus is at the center of the atom「原子核は原子の中心にあります」(げんしかくはげんしのちゅうしんにあります). The word is commonly used in fields like physics, chemistry, and engineering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3346

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Author

Reading

Kanji

筆Brush 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '筆者 (ひっしゃ)' refers to the 'author' or 'writer' of a written work, such as a book, article, or essay. It is a formal term often used in academic or literary contexts to denote the person who has written a particular text. For example: The author of this book is famous「この本の筆者は有名です」(このほんのひっしゃはゆうめいです). The author expressed their opinion clearly「筆者は自分の意見をはっきりと述べた」(ひっしゃはじぶんのいけんをはっきりのべた). This term is typically used in third-person references and is not used to refer to oneself as the author.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3347

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Department, Subject

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学科 (がっか)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'subject', referring to a specific field of study or academic discipline, such as mathematics or history. The second meaning is 'department', referring to an academic division within a school or university, such as the Department of Engineering. For example: My favorite subject is science「私の好きな学科は科学です」(わたしのすきながっかはかがくです). She works in the English department「彼女は英語学科で働いています」(かのじょはえいごがっかではたらいています). The word is commonly used in educational contexts to describe both the field of study and the organizational unit within an institution.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3348

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self defense

Reading

Kanji

自Self 衛Protect, Defense

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自衛 (じえい)' means 'self-defense'. It refers to the act of protecting oneself from harm or danger, often used in contexts related to personal safety, military defense, or legal rights. For example: self-defense is a basic human right「自衛は基本的な人権です」(じえいはきほんてきなじんけんです). The country strengthened its self-defense capabilities「その国は自衛能力を強化した」(そのくにはじえいのうりょくをきょうかした). This term is commonly used in discussions about national security, martial arts, or personal safety measures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3349

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dentistry

Reading

Kanji

歯Tooth 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歯科 (しか)' refers to the field of dentistry. It is commonly used in contexts related to dental care, dental clinics, or dental professionals. For example: I went to the dentistry「歯科に行きました」(しかにいきました). She works in dentistry「彼女は歯科で働いています」(かのじょはしかではたらいています). The term is often seen in compound words like '歯科医 (しかい)' (dentist) or '歯科医院 (しかいいん)' (dental clinic).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3350

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monkey

Reading

Kanji

猿Monkey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '猿 (さる)' refers to a monkey. This word is commonly used to describe primates, particularly those found in Japan, such as the Japanese macaque. It can be used in various contexts, from literal descriptions of animals to metaphorical expressions. For example: The monkey is eating a banana「猿がバナナを食べている」(さるがバナナをたべている). There are many monkeys in the mountains「山には猿が多い」(やまにはさるがおおい). In Japanese culture, monkeys are sometimes associated with mischief or cleverness, and they appear in folklore and proverbs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3352

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line

Reading

Kanji

列File

Explanation

The Japanese noun '列 (れつ)' primarily means 'line' or 'queue'. It refers to a sequence of people, objects, or things arranged in a straight or orderly manner. This word is commonly used in contexts such as waiting in line, forming a queue, or describing a row of items. For example: Please stand in line「列に並んでください」(れつにならんでください). There is a long line at the store「お店に長い列があります」(おみせにながいれつがあります). Additionally, '列' can also refer to a column or row in a table or chart, as in 'the first column of the table'「表の最初の列」(ひょうのさいしょのれつ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3354

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Natural science

Reading

Kanji

自Self 然Sort of thing, In that case 科Section, Department 学Learn

Explanation

TheJapanese noun'自然科学(しぜんかがく)'means'naturalscience'.Thistermreferstothebranchofsciencethatdealswiththephysicalworld,includingphysics,chemistry,biology,andearthsciences.Itisusedtodescribethestudyofnaturalphenomenaandthelawsthatgovernthem.Forexample:Heisstudyingnaturalscienceatuniversity「彼は大学で自然科学を勉強しています」(かれはだいがくでしぜんかがくをべんきょうしています).Naturalsciencehelpsusunderstandtheenvironment「自然科学は環境を理解するのに役立ちます」(しぜんかがくはかんきょうをりかいするのにやくだちます).Thiswordisoftenusedinacademicorformalsettings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3356

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Humanities

Reading

Kanji

人Person 文Sentence 科Section, Department 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人文科学 (じんぶんかがく)' refers to the academic discipline of the humanities, which includes the study of human culture, history, literature, philosophy, and art. It is often contrasted with the natural sciences (自然科学, しぜんかがく). For example: I study humanities at university「私は大学で人文科学を勉強しています」(わたしはだいがくでじんぶんかがくをべんきょうしています). The humanities are important for understanding human culture「人文科学は人間の文化を理解するために重要です」(じんぶんかがくはにんげんのぶんかをりかいするためにじゅうようです). This term is commonly used in academic and educational contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3357

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Social science

Reading

Kanji

社Company 会Meet 科Section, Department 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '社会科学 (しゃかいかがく)' refers to 'social science', which is the academic study of human society and social relationships. This term encompasses disciplines such as sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, and psychology. It is used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts to discuss the systematic study of human behavior and societal structures. For example: Social science is important for understanding society「社会科学は社会を理解するために重要です」(しゃかいかがくはしゃかいをりかいするためにじゅうようです). She is studying social science at university「彼女は大学で社会科学を勉強しています」(かのじょはだいがくでしゃかいかがくをべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Branch

Reading

Kanji

枝Branch

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枝 (えだ)' refers to a 'branch' of a tree or plant. It is used to describe the part of a tree that grows out from the trunk or another branch, often bearing leaves, flowers, or fruit. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe branches of a family, organization, or other structures. For example: The bird is sitting on the branch「鳥が枝に止まっている」(とりがえだにとまっている). The tree has many branches「その木にはたくさんの枝がある」(そのきにはたくさんのえだがある). In a metaphorical sense, it can be used as in 'the branch of a company'「会社の枝」(かいしゃのえだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3360

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Life and death

Reading

Kanji

生Life 死Death

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生死 (せいし)' refers to the concepts of 'life and death' as a combined idea. It is often used in philosophical, medical, or dramatic contexts to discuss the boundary or transition between life and death. For example: The doctor fought for the patient's life and death「医者は患者の生死をかけて戦った」(いしゃはかんじゃのせいしをかけてたたかった). The samurai faced life and death in battle「侍は戦いで生死をかけた」(さむらいはたたかいでせいしをかけた). This word is commonly used in serious or profound discussions, emphasizing the gravity of the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3362

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temperature

Reading

Kanji

温Warm 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '温度 (おんど)' refers to the degree of heat or coldness of an object or environment. It is commonly used in scientific, everyday, and weather-related contexts. For example: the temperature is high today「今日は温度が高い」(きょうはおんどがたかい). Please measure the temperature of the water「水の温度を測ってください」(みずのおんどをはかってください). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the 'temperature' of a situation, such as the mood or atmosphere, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3363

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Latter

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後者 (こうしゃ)' means 'the latter'. It is used to refer to the second of two things or options that have been mentioned. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to compare or contrast two items. For example: Between tea and coffee, I prefer the latter「紅茶とコーヒーのうち、後者が好きです」(こうちゃとコーヒーのうち、こうしゃがすきです). When discussing two options, the latter is usually the second one mentioned. Another example: Between studying and working, the latter is more important to me now「勉強と仕事のうち、後者の方が今は重要です」(べんきょうとしごとのうち、こうしゃのほうがいまはじゅうようです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3364

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second

Reading

Kanji

秒Second

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '秒 (びょう)' means 'second' and is used as a unit of time. It is commonly attached to numbers to indicate a specific number of seconds. For example: 10 seconds「10秒」(じゅうびょう). It can also be used in expressions like 'a few seconds'「数秒」(すうびょう). This suffix is essential for discussing time durations in Japanese, whether in everyday conversation or technical contexts. Note that '秒' is always used as a suffix and never stands alone as a word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3365

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Death

Reading

Kanji

死Death 亡Death, Deceased

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '死亡 (しぼう)' means 'death'. It is used to refer to the act or state of dying, often in formal or official contexts such as medical, legal, or statistical reports. For example: The cause of death was a heart attack「死亡の原因は心臓発作でした」(しぼうのげんいんはしんぞうほっさでした). The number of deaths increased last year「死亡者数は去年増加しました」(しぼうしゃすうはきょねんぞうかしました). This term is neutral in tone and is commonly used in serious or factual contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3366

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prohibition

Reading

Kanji

禁Ban, Prohibition 止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '禁止 (きんし)' means 'prohibition' or 'ban'. It is used to indicate that something is not allowed or is forbidden. This word is commonly seen on signs and in rules, such as 'No Smoking' or 'No Entry'. For example: Smoking is prohibited here「ここでは喫煙が禁止されています」(ここではきつえんがきんしされています). Photography is prohibited in this area「このエリアでは撮影が禁止されています」(このエリアではさつえいがきんしされています). The word '禁止' is often used in formal or official contexts to indicate rules or regulations that must be followed.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3370

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many

Reading

Kanji

多Many

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '多 (た)' means 'many' or 'much'. It is commonly used to form compound words that indicate a large quantity or variety. For example: multicultural「多文化」(たぶんか), many-sided「多面的」(ためんてき). This prefix is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe abundance or diversity. For example: This country has many cultures「この国は多文化です」(このくにはたぶんかです). The problem has many aspects「その問題は多面的です」(そのもんだいはためんてきです).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3371

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Liquor store

Reading

Kanji

酒Alcohol, Sake 屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese noun '酒屋 (さかや)' refers to a store that sells alcoholic beverages, particularly sake, but also other types of alcohol like beer, wine, and spirits. It is a common type of shop in Japan, often found in residential neighborhoods. For example: I bought sake at the liquor store「酒屋で日本酒を買いました」(さかやでにほんしゅをかいました). The liquor store is closed today「酒屋は今日休みです」(さかやはきょうやすみです). This word is specific to the retail establishment and does not refer to bars or drinking establishments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3374

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abstinence

Reading

Kanji

禁Ban, Prohibition 酒Alcohol, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '禁酒 (きんしゅ)' refers to the act of abstaining from alcohol. It is often used in contexts where someone is avoiding alcohol for health, religious, or personal reasons. For example: He decided to practice abstinence from alcohol「彼は禁酒を決意した」(かれはきんしゅをけついした). During the month, I will abstain from drinking「今月は禁酒します」(こんげつはきんしゅします). The term can also be used in medical or recovery contexts, such as when someone is advised to stop drinking for health reasons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3375

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exclusion, Elimination

Reading

Kanji

排Exclude, Repudiate 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese noun '排除 (はいじょ)' refers to the act of excluding or eliminating something or someone. It is often used in contexts where something is removed or kept out, whether physically, socially, or conceptually. For example: the exclusion of harmful substances「有害物質の排除」(ゆうがいぶっしつのはいじょ). The elimination of outdated rules「古い規則の排除」(ふるいきそくのはいじょ). This word can be used in various contexts, such as social exclusion, elimination of waste, or removal of obstacles.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3379

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Limit

Reading

Kanji

限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '限 (げん)' means 'limit' or 'boundary'. It is often used to indicate a restriction, boundary, or extent of something. This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words that express a specific limit or scope. For example: time limit「時間限」(じかんげん). Capacity limit「定員限」(ていいんげん). It can also be used in phrases like '期限 (きげん)', which means 'deadline' or 'time limit'. Note that '限' is rarely used as a standalone word and is typically part of compound words or phrases.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3380

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proof, Verification

Reading

Kanji

証Evidence 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '証明 (しょうめい)' primarily means 'proof' or 'verification'. It refers to the act of proving or verifying something, often through evidence or logical reasoning. This term is commonly used in legal, scientific, and everyday contexts. For example: He provided proof of his innocence「彼は自分の無実を証明した」(かれはじぶんのむじつをしょうめいした). The experiment verified the theory「その実験は理論を証明した」(そのじっけんはりろんをしょうめいした). Note that '証明' can also be used as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '証明する (しょうめいする)', meaning 'to prove' or 'to verify'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3382

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Survival

Reading

Kanji

生Life 存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '生存 (せいぞん)' means 'survival'. It refers to the state of continuing to live or exist, especially in difficult conditions. This word is often used in contexts related to biology, ecology, or existential discussions. For example: survival of the fittest「適者生存」(てきしゃせいぞん). The survival rate of the species is low「その種の生存率は低い」(そのしゅのせいぞんりつはひくい). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in discussions about businesses or ideas surviving in a competitive environment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3383

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agreement

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '合意 (ごうい)' means 'agreement' or 'mutual consent'. It refers to a situation where two or more parties reach a shared understanding or decision. This term is often used in formal or legal contexts, such as contracts, negotiations, or discussions. For example: We reached an agreement「私たちは合意に達しました」(わたしたちはごういにたっしました). The agreement was signed by both parties「その合意は両者によって署名されました」(そのごういはりょうしゃによってしょめいされました). Note that '合意' emphasizes mutual understanding and consensus, rather than just a simple decision.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3385

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overwhelm

Reading

Kanji

圧Pressure 倒Topple, Overthrow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '圧倒 (あっとう)' means 'overwhelm'. It refers to a state or action of being overwhelmingly superior or dominant in a particular situation. This word is often used to describe situations where one side has a significant advantage over the other, such as in sports, competitions, or even in emotional contexts. For example: The team's performance was overwhelming「チームのパフォーマンスは圧倒的だった」(チームのパフォーマンスはあっとうてきだった). She was overwhelmed by the beauty of the scenery「彼女は景色の美しさに圧倒された」(かのじょはけしきのうつくしさにあっとうされた). The word can also be used to describe a feeling of being overwhelmed by emotions or circumstances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3387

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Authority

Reading

Kanji

権Rights, Authority 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '権限 (けんげん)' refers to 'authority' or 'power' granted to someone to perform specific actions or make decisions. It is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as in organizations, governments, or legal settings. For example: He has the authority to make decisions「彼は決定する権限を持っている」(かれはけっていするけんげんをもっている). The manager's authority was limited「マネージャーの権限は限られていた」(マネージャーのけんげんはかぎられていた). This word emphasizes the official or legal capacity to act, rather than personal influence or power.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3390

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Determination

Reading

Kanji

決Decide 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '決意 (けつい)' refers to a strong sense of determination or resolve to achieve something. It is often used in contexts where someone has made a firm decision or commitment to pursue a goal or overcome a challenge. For example: His determination to succeed is unwavering「彼の成功への決意は揺るがない」(かれのせいこうへのけついはゆるがない). She made a firm decision to change her life「彼女は人生を変える決意をした」(かのじょはじんせいをかえるけついをした). This word is commonly used in both personal and professional contexts to express a strong will or commitment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3391

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intention

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 図Map

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '意図 (いと)' means 'intention'. It refers to a purpose or plan behind an action or decision. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts to describe deliberate actions or thoughts. For example: His intention was clear「彼の意図は明らかだった」(かれのいとはあきらかだった). I didn't understand her intention「彼女の意図が理解できなかった」(かのじょのいとがりかいできなかった). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '意図的 (いとてき)' meaning 'intentional'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3392

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unit

Reading

Kanji

部Section, Department 隊Squad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部隊 (ぶたい)' refers to a military or organizational unit, typically used in the context of armed forces or groups with a specific purpose. It can describe a division, squad, or team within a larger organization. For example: The special forces unit was deployed「特殊部隊が展開された」(とくしゅぶたいがてんかいされた). The rescue unit arrived quickly「救助部隊がすぐに到着した」(きゅうじょぶたいがすぐにとうちゃくした). This word is often used in formal or military contexts and carries a sense of structure and organization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3393

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spite

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 地Ground 悪Evil

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '意地悪 (いじわる)' refers to a spiteful or mean-spirited action or behavior. It is often used to describe someone who intentionally does something to annoy, upset, or harm others. For example: He did it out of spite「彼は意地悪でそれをした」(かれはいじわるでそれをした). Don't be mean to others「他人に意地悪をしないで」(たにんにいじわるをしないで). The term can also describe a person who is habitually spiteful, as in '意地悪な人 (いじわるなひと) (a spiteful person)'. It is important to note that '意地悪' carries a negative connotation and is used to criticize such behavior.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3396

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secure

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 保Preserve

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確保 (かくほ)' means 'secure' or 'ensure'. It is used to describe the act of guaranteeing or securing something, such as resources, safety, or opportunities. This term is often used in formal or business contexts. For example: We need to secure enough resources「十分な資源を確保する必要がある」(じゅうぶんなしげんをかくほするひつようがある). The company ensured the safety of its employees「会社は従業員の安全を確保した」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんのあんぜんをかくほした). Note that '確保' is commonly used in contexts where something is being guaranteed or made certain, such as securing a seat, ensuring safety, or guaranteeing supplies.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3397

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確立 (かくりつ)' means 'establishment'. It refers to the act of setting up or creating something firmly and securely, such as a system, theory, or organization. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts. For example: the establishment of a new policy「新しい方針の確立」(あたらしいほうしんのかくりつ). The theory was firmly established「その理論は確立された」(そのりろんはかくりつされた). Note that '確立' emphasizes the process of achieving stability or certainty in the creation of something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3400

Composition

kanji

Handwriting