言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Shame

Reading

Kanji

恥Ashamed, Shame

Explanation

The Japanese noun '恥 (はじ)' means 'shame'. It refers to the painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behavior. This concept is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, where maintaining honor and avoiding shame are highly valued. For example: He felt shame for his actions「彼は自分の行動に恥を感じた」(かれはじぶんのこうどうにはじをかんじた). She couldn't bear the shame「彼女はその恥に耐えられなかった」(かのじょはそのはじにたえられなかった). The word can also be used in expressions like '恥をかく (はじをかく)', which means 'to be embarrassed' or 'to lose face'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6418

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vow

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 願Request, Wish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本願 (ほんがん)' refers to a 'vow' or 'original vow', particularly in a religious or spiritual context. It is often used in Buddhism to describe the vows made by a Buddha or Bodhisattva to save all sentient beings. For example: Amida Buddha's original vow「阿弥陀仏の本願」(あみだぶつのほんがん). The monk spoke about the importance of the vow「僧侶は本願の重要性について話した」(そうりょはほんがんのじゅうようせいについてはなした). This term carries a deep spiritual significance and is commonly encountered in religious texts and discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6419

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emergency exit

Reading

Kanji

口Mouth 常Usual, Normal 非Mistake, Negative

Explanation

The Japanese noun '非常口 (ひじょうぐち)' means 'emergency exit.' This word is used to refer to the designated exit in buildings, vehicles, or other spaces that is used for evacuation during emergencies such as fires or other hazardous situations. 非常口 is often marked with signs and lighting to ensure visibility even in low-light conditions. Example: Please use the emergency exit in case of fire 「火事の時は非常口を使ってください」 (かじのときはひじょうぐちをつかってください). The emergency exit is on the left side of the building 「非常口は建物の左側にあります」 (ひじょうぐちはたてもののひだりがわにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6423

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmony

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '調和 (ちょうわ)' means 'harmony'. It refers to a state of balance, agreement, or peaceful coexistence between different elements, such as people, ideas, or nature. It is often used in contexts involving relationships, music, art, or societal balance. For example: the harmony of nature「自然の調和」(しぜんのちょうわ). We need to live in harmony with others「他人と調和して生きる必要がある」(たにんとちょうわしていきるひつようがある). This word can also imply a sense of blending or coordination, as in 'color harmony'「色の調和」(いろのちょうわ).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6424

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monotonous

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 単Simple, Single

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '単調 (たんちょう)' means 'monotonous'. It is used to describe something that lacks variety, is repetitive, or is unchanging in tone, pattern, or style. This word is often used to describe routines, sounds, or tasks that become boring due to their repetitive nature. For example: The lecture was monotonous「その講義は単調だった」(そのこうぎはたんちょうだった). The sound of the machine is monotonous「その機械の音は単調だ」(そのきかいのおとはたんちょうだ). It can also describe a flat or unvarying tone in speech or music.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Family register

Reading

Kanji

戸Door 籍Enroll, Register

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戸籍 (こせき)' refers to the official family register system in Japan. It is a legal document that records vital information about individuals, such as birth, marriage, adoption, and death, and is used to establish family relationships and legal status. The 戸籍 is maintained by local government offices and is essential for various administrative procedures. Example sentences: I need to update my family register「戸籍を更新する必要があります」(こせきをこうしんするひつようがあります). The family register shows my parents' names「戸籍には私の両親の名前が載っています」(こせきにはわたしのりょうしんのなまえがのっています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6426

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rebirth

Reading

Kanji

新New 生Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '新生 (しんせい)' means 'rebirth' or 'new life'. It is often used to describe a fresh start, renewal, or the beginning of something new after a significant change or transformation. This word can be applied to various contexts, such as personal growth, organizational restructuring, or even natural phenomena. For example: The company experienced a rebirth after the merger「その会社は合併後に新生を迎えた」(そのかいしゃはがっぺいごにしんせいをむかえた). The forest showed signs of rebirth after the fire「火事の後、森は新生の兆しを見せた」(かじのあと、もりはしんせいのきざしをみせた). The word carries a positive connotation, emphasizing renewal and hope.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6427

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seasoning

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 味Flavor 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '調味料 (ちょうみりょう)' refers to 'seasoning' or 'condiments' used in cooking to enhance the flavor of food. It encompasses a wide range of items, including salt, pepper, soy sauce, vinegar, and more. For example: I bought some seasoning at the store「店で調味料を買いました」(みせでちょうみりょうをかいました). This dish needs more seasoning「この料理はもっと調味料が必要です」(このりょうりはもっとちょうみりょうがひつようです). The term is commonly used in culinary contexts and is essential for discussing cooking and food preparation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6429

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adjustment

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 整Organize

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '調整 (ちょうせい)' means 'adjustment'. It refers to the act of making small changes to something in order to achieve the desired result or to make it function correctly. This term is commonly used in various contexts, such as adjusting settings on a device, fine-tuning plans, or balancing different elements. For example: I need to adjust the schedule「スケジュールを調整する必要がある」(スケジュールをちょうせいするひつようがある). Please adjust the volume「音量を調整してください」(おんりょうをちょうせいしてください). The term can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as adjusting one's attitude or approach to a situation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6430

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sensibility

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感性 (かんせい)' refers to 'sensibility' or the capacity to perceive and respond to emotions, aesthetics, and subtle nuances. It is often used to describe someone's sensitivity to art, beauty, or emotional experiences. For example: Her sensibility is remarkable「彼女の感性は素晴らしい」(かのじょのかんせいはすばらしい). This painting appeals to my sensibility「この絵は私の感性に訴える」(このえはわたしのかんせいにうったえる). The term is commonly used in contexts related to art, design, and personal expression, emphasizing an individual's unique perception and emotional depth.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6434

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lineage, System

Reading

Kanji

系Lineage 統Unite

Explanation

The Japanese noun '系統 (けいとう)' can mean 'system' or 'lineage'. When referring to 'system', it is often used in contexts like transportation systems, classification systems, or organizational structures. For example: This train belongs to the Tokyo subway system「この電車は東京の地下鉄系統です」(このでんしゃはとうきょうのちかてつけいとうです). When referring to 'lineage', it is used to describe family lines, biological classifications, or historical origins. For example: This dog has a pure lineage「この犬は純粋な系統です」(このいぬはじゅんすいなけいとうです). The word is versatile and context-dependent, so understanding the surrounding text is crucial for accurate interpretation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Book

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '著書 (ちょしょ)' refers to a book or written work, particularly one that has been authored by someone. It is often used to describe a published work, such as a novel, essay collection, or academic text. This term emphasizes the authorship aspect, as it is derived from the kanji 著 (author) and 書 (writing). For example: His latest book is very popular「彼の最新の著書はとても人気です」(かれのさいしんのちょしょはとてもにんきです). I read her book last year「私は去年彼女の著書を読みました」(わたしはきょねんかのじょのちょしょをよみました). Note that this word is more formal and is typically used in written or formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6438

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Actor

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle 俳Actor, Haiku

Explanation

The Japanese noun '俳優 (はいゆう)' means 'actor'. It refers to a person who performs in plays, movies, or television shows. This word is gender-neutral and can be used for both male and female actors. For example: he is a famous actor「彼は有名な俳優です」(かれはゆうめいなはいゆうです). She wants to become an actor「彼女は俳優になりたい」(かのじょははいゆうになりたい). The term is commonly used in formal contexts and is distinct from '役者 (やくしゃ)', which can also mean 'actor' but often carries a more traditional or theatrical nuance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6439

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adjustment

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 節Season, Node

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '調節 (ちょうせつ)' means 'adjustment'. It refers to the act of regulating, controlling, or fine-tuning something to achieve a desired state or condition. This word is commonly used in contexts involving mechanical devices, environmental conditions, or personal habits. For example: I adjusted the temperature「温度を調節した」(おんどをちょうせつした). He adjusted the volume of the music「彼は音楽の音量を調節した」(かれはおんがくのおんりょうをちょうせつした). It can also be used metaphorically, such as adjusting one's schedule or lifestyle.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6444

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Submission

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 提Present, Submit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '提出 (ていしゅつ)' means 'submission'. It refers to the act of handing in or presenting something, such as documents, reports, or assignments, to an authority, organization, or person. It is commonly used in academic, professional, and bureaucratic contexts. For example: Please submit the report by tomorrow「レポートを明日までに提出してください」(レポートをあしたまでにていしゅつしてください). He submitted his resignation「彼は辞表を提出した」(かれはじひょうをていしゅつした). The word often implies a formal or required action, and it is frequently paired with verbs like 'する' (to do) or 'ください' (please do).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6445

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Answer, Test paper

Reading

Kanji

答Answer 案Plan, Proposal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '答案 (とうあん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to an 'answer' or 'solution' to a problem, often in an academic or test context. The second meaning refers to a 'test paper' or 'exam sheet' itself, which includes the questions and the space for answers. For example: Please submit your answer sheet「答案を提出してください」(とうあんをていしゅつしてください). The teacher checked the answers on the test paper「先生は答案の答えを確認した」(せんせいはとうあんのこたえをかくにんした). The word is commonly used in educational settings and is important for understanding academic contexts in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6446

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voting

Reading

Kanji

投Throw 票Vote, Ballot

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '投票 (とうひょう)' means 'voting'. It refers to the act of casting a vote, typically in an election or decision-making process. This word is commonly used in contexts related to elections, referendums, or any situation where a formal decision is made through votes. For example: I will participate in the voting「私は投票に参加します」(わたしはとうひょうにさんかします). The voting results were announced「投票結果が発表された」(とうひょうけっかがはっぴょうされた). It is important to note that '投票' is often used in formal or official contexts and is a key term in discussions about democracy and governance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consecutive days

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連日 (れんじつ)' refers to a period of consecutive days, often implying that something has been happening repeatedly or continuously over those days. It is commonly used to describe events, activities, or conditions that persist without interruption. For example: The heatwave continued for consecutive days「連日猛暑が続いた」(れんじつもうしょがつづいた). The team worked hard for consecutive days「連日チームは頑張った」(れんじつチームはがんばった). This word emphasizes the continuity and repetition of an event or situation over a span of days.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6448

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Holiday

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連休 (れんきゅう)' refers to a 'consecutive holiday' or a 'long weekend'. It is commonly used to describe a series of days off work or school that are connected, such as national holidays or vacation periods. For example: I enjoyed the long holiday「連休を楽しんだ」(れんきゅうをたのしんだ). The next consecutive holiday is in May「次の連休は5月です」(つぎのれんきゅうはごがつです). This term is often used in contexts related to travel, relaxation, or planning events during extended breaks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Function

Reading

Kanji

数Number 関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関数 (かんすう)' means 'function'. In mathematics and programming, it refers to a relation or expression involving one or more variables. For example: this function calculates the area「この関数は面積を計算する」(このかんすうはめんせきをけいさんする). The function returns a value「関数は値を返す」(かんすうはあたいをかえす). It is commonly used in technical contexts, particularly in mathematics, computer science, and engineering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6450

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Security

Reading

Kanji

警Warn 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '警備 (けいび)' refers to 'security' or 'guarding'. It is commonly used to describe the act of protecting or guarding a place, event, or person. This term is often associated with professional security services, such as those employed at events, buildings, or public spaces. For example: The security at the event was tight「イベントの警備は厳しかった」(イベントのけいびはきびしかった). We need to increase security for the building「建物の警備を強化する必要がある」(たてもののけいびをきょうかするひつようがある). The word can also imply vigilance and preparedness to prevent potential threats or disturbances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6451

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residence

Reading

Kanji

住Live 在Be, Exist

Explanation

The Japanese noun '在住 (ざいじゅう)' refers to the state or condition of residing or living in a particular place. It is often used to indicate someone's current place of residence, especially when specifying a location different from their origin. For example: She resides in Tokyo「彼女は東京在住です」(かのじょはとうきょうざいじゅうです). Many foreigners reside in Japan「多くの外国人が日本在住です」(おおくのがいこくじんがにほんざいじゅうです). This term is commonly used in formal or descriptive contexts to specify where someone lives.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6452

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receiver

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 話Talk

Explanation

The Japanese noun '受話 (じゅわ)' refers to the 'receiver' of a telephone. It specifically denotes the part of the phone that you hold to your ear to listen during a call. This term is often used in technical or formal contexts. Example sentences: Please pick up the receiver「受話器を取ってください」(じゅわきをとってください). The receiver is broken「受話器が壊れています」(じゅわきがこわれています). Note that '受話器 (じゅわき)' is a more common term for 'telephone receiver,' but '受話' alone can still be understood in context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6454

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light

Reading

Kanji

灯Light, Lamp

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '灯 (とう)' means 'light' and is often used in compound words related to lighting or illumination. It is derived from the kanji 灯, which represents a lamp or light source. This suffix is commonly found in words like '街灯 (がいとう)' (streetlight) or '信号灯 (しんごうとう)' (traffic light). For example: The streetlight is bright「街灯が明るい」(がいとうがあかるい). The traffic light turned red「信号灯が赤になった」(しんごうとうがあかになった). Note that 灯 is rarely used as a standalone word and typically appears as part of compound nouns.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6456

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contact

Reading

Kanji

絡Entwine, Interlink 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '連絡 (れんらく)' means 'contact' or 'communication'. It refers to the act of getting in touch with someone or conveying information. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in business settings or daily life. For example: Please contact me「連絡してください」(れんらくしてください). I will contact you later「後で連絡します」(あとでれんらくします). It can also refer to the coordination or connection between people or groups, as in 'We need to stay in contact with the team'「チームと連絡を取り合う必要があります」(チームとれんらくをとりあうひつようがあります).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6460

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

続Continue 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '連続 (れんぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'succession'. It refers to a series of events or actions that occur one after another without interruption. This term is often used in contexts where there is a sequence or chain of occurrences, such as in television series, events, or natural phenomena. For example: The TV drama has a continuous broadcast「そのテレビドラマは連続放送です」(そのテレビドラマはれんぞくほうそうです). There was a continuous series of earthquakes「連続して地震が起こりました」(れんぞくしてじしんがおこりました). It can also be used to describe a continuous state or condition, emphasizing the unbroken nature of the sequence.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuously, One after another

Reading

Kanji

続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '続々 (ぞくぞく)' is used to describe something happening in a continuous or uninterrupted manner, or things occurring one after another in quick succession. It often conveys a sense of steady flow or progression. For example: people are arriving one after another「人が続々と到着している」(ひとがぞくぞくととうちゃくしている). New products are being released continuously「新製品が続々と発売されている」(しんせいひんがぞくぞくとはつばいされている). This adverb is commonly used in contexts where there is a steady or rapid influx of people, items, or events.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Considerable, Equivalent

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '相当 (そうとう)' can mean 'equivalent' or 'considerable'. When used to mean 'equivalent', it refers to something that is equal in value, amount, or meaning. For example: This amount is equivalent to one month's salary「この金額は一ヶ月分の給料に相当する」(このきんがくはいっかげつぶんのきゅうりょうにそうとうする). When used to mean 'considerable', it refers to something that is significant or substantial in degree or amount. For example: He has considerable experience in this field「彼はこの分野で相当な経験を持っている」(かれはこのぶんやでそうとうなけいけんをもっている). The word can also be used as a na-adjective, as in '相当な (そうとうな)', to describe something as considerable or substantial.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6465

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daring, Bold

Reading

Kanji

大Big 胆Gallbladder, Guts

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '大胆 (だいたん)' primarily means 'bold' or 'daring'. It is used to describe actions, plans, or personalities that are fearless, adventurous, or unconventional. This term often carries a positive connotation, suggesting courage and a willingness to take risks. For example: His bold plan succeeded「彼の大胆な計画は成功した」(かれのだいたんなけいかくはせいこうした). She is known for her daring fashion sense「彼女は大胆なファッションセンスで知られている」(かのじょはだいたんなファッションセンスでしられている). Note that '大胆' can also imply a certain level of audacity or recklessness, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6466

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Living room

Reading

Kanji

間Interval, Space 居Reside, Be

Explanation

The Japanese noun '居間 (いま)' refers to a 'living room', which is a common area in a house where people gather to relax or spend time together. This word is often used in the context of home life and interior design. For example: The living room is spacious「居間は広いです」(いまはひろいです). We watched TV in the living room「私たちは居間でテレビを見ました」(わたしたちはいまでテレビをみました). Note that '居間' is a more traditional term, and in modern Japanese, 'リビング (りびんぐ)' is also commonly used to refer to a living room.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6467

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Steam train

Reading

Kanji

車Car 汽Steam

Explanation

The Japanese noun '汽車 (きしゃ)' refers to a 'steam train'. This word is often used to describe old-fashioned trains powered by steam engines, which were common in Japan during the early to mid-20th century. It evokes a sense of nostalgia and is frequently used in literature, songs, and historical contexts. For example: The steam train is coming「汽車が来る」(きしゃがくる). I saw a steam train at the museum「博物館で汽車を見た」(はくぶつかんできしゃをみた). Note that while modern trains are referred to as '電車 (でんしゃ)', '汽車' specifically refers to steam-powered trains.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6468

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boundary

Reading

Kanji

境Boundary, Border

Explanation

The Japanese noun '境 (さかい)' refers to a boundary or border, either physical or metaphorical. It can describe the dividing line between two areas, such as countries or properties, or the boundary between different states, conditions, or phases. For example: the boundary between dreams and reality「夢と現実の境」(ゆめとげんじつのさかい). The border between two countries「二つの国の境」(ふたつのくにのさかい). This word is also used in abstract contexts, such as the boundary between life and death「生と死の境」(せいとしのさかい). Note that '境' can also imply a transitional state or a turning point, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6469

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Birth

Reading

Kanji

生Life 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出生 (しゅっしょう)' means 'birth'. It refers to the act or fact of being born, often used in formal or official contexts such as legal documents, medical records, or historical accounts. For example: The birth rate is declining「出生率が低下している」(しゅっしょうりつがていかしている). The date of birth is required「出生日が必要です」(しゅっしょうびがひつようです). This term is more formal than the casual word '誕生 (たんじょう)', which also means 'birth' but is used in broader contexts, including metaphorical ones.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6470

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

What, Who

Reading

Kanji

者Someone 何What

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何者 (なにもの)' is used to inquire about someone's identity or nature. It can be translated as 'who' or 'what' depending on the context. This word is often used in questions to ask about the identity of a person or the nature of something. For example: Who are you?「あなたは何者ですか？」(あなたはなにものですか？). What kind of person is he?「彼は何者ですか？」(かれはなにものですか？). It is important to note that '何者' can carry a slightly formal or dramatic tone, and is often used in contexts where the speaker is questioning the true nature or identity of someone or something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6471

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dispute

Reading

Kanji

争Dispute 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese noun '論争 (ろんそう)' refers to a dispute or debate, typically involving a contentious issue where differing opinions are argued. It is used in contexts ranging from academic discussions to public controversies. For example: The dispute over the policy continued「その政策についての論争が続いた」(そのせいさくについてのろんそうがつづいた). There was a heated debate about the new law「新しい法律について激しい論争があった」(あたらしいほうりつについてはげしいろんそうがあった). The term emphasizes the exchange of opposing views and can imply a prolonged or intense discussion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6473

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Peak

Reading

Kanji

峰Peak, Summit

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '峰 (ほう)' means 'peak' and is used to refer to the summit or highest point of a mountain. It is often attached to the names of mountains or used in compound words related to mountain peaks. For example: Mount Fuji's peak「富士山の峰」(ふじさんのほう). The peak of the mountain is covered in snow「山の峰は雪で覆われている」(やまのほうはゆきでおおわれている). This suffix is typically used in formal or literary contexts and is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6474

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dialogue

Reading

Kanji

対Against 談Discuss

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対談 (たいだん)' refers to a formal or structured conversation, typically between two people, often experts or notable figures, discussing a specific topic. It is commonly used in contexts such as interviews, discussions, or public talks. For example: The dialogue between the two authors was insightful「二人の作家の対談は興味深かった」(ふたりのさっかのたいだんはきょうみぶかかった). They held a dialogue about environmental issues「彼らは環境問題について対談した」(かれらはかんきょうもんだいについてたいだんした). The term emphasizes a two-way exchange of ideas rather than a one-sided conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6477

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recording

Reading

Kanji

録Record 画Picture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '録画 (ろくが)' refers to the act of recording video or visual content, typically for television, movies, or other media. It is commonly used in contexts involving recording devices, such as DVRs or cameras. For example: I set the recording for the show「番組の録画を設定した」(ばんぐみのろくがをせっていした). The recording failed due to a power outage「停電で録画が失敗した」(ていでんろくががしっぱいした). This term is often used in technical or everyday contexts related to media consumption and storage.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6478

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance

Reading

Kanji

登Ascend 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登場 (とうじょう)' primarily means 'appearance' or 'entry onto a stage or scene'. It is commonly used to describe someone or something making an appearance in a particular setting, such as in a play, movie, or event. For example: The hero appeared on stage「ヒーローが登場した」(ヒーローがとうじょうした). A new character appeared in the story「新しいキャラクターが物語に登場した」(あたらしいキャラクターがものがたりにとうじょうした). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the introduction of new ideas, products, or trends into a market or discussion. For instance: A new technology appeared in the market「新しい技術が市場に登場した」(あたらしいぎじゅつがしじょうにとうじょうした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6480

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Registration

Reading

Kanji

録Record 登Ascend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登録 (とうろく)' means 'registration'. It refers to the act of officially recording or entering information into a system, list, or database. This term is commonly used in contexts such as signing up for services, registering for events, or enrolling in programs. For example: I completed the registration「登録を完了しました」(とうろくをかんりょうしました). Please register your email address「メールアドレスを登録してください」(メールアドレスをとうろくしてください). The word can also imply formal acknowledgment or certification, as in '登録商標 (とうろくしょうひょう) (registered trademark)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6481

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mountain climbing

Reading

Kanji

山Mountain 登Ascend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登山 (とざん)' refers to the activity of climbing mountains. It is commonly used to describe the act of hiking or climbing mountains as a recreational or sporting activity. For example: I enjoy mountain climbing「私は登山が好きです」(わたしはとざんがすきです). They went mountain climbing last weekend「彼らは先週末に登山に行きました」(かれらはせんしゅうまつにとざんにいきました). The term can also be used in a broader sense to refer to the act of ascending any steep or elevated terrain, not just mountains.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

School attendance

Reading

Kanji

校School 登Ascend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登校 (とうこう)' refers to the act of attending school or going to school. It is commonly used in contexts related to students' daily routines, school schedules, or discussions about education. For example: He is late for school attendance「彼は登校に遅れている」(かれはとうこうにおくれている). School attendance is mandatory「登校は義務です」(とうこうはぎむです). This term is often used in formal or educational settings and can be part of phrases like '登校日 (とうこうび)' (school attendance day) or '登校時間 (とうこうじかん)' (school attendance time).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6484

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Indifferent

Reading

Kanji

心Heart 関Barrier, Related 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無関心 (むかんしん)' means 'indifferent'. It describes a lack of interest, concern, or care about something. This term is often used to express apathy or disinterest in a particular subject, situation, or person. For example: he is indifferent to politics「彼は政治に無関心だ」(かれはせいじにむかんしんだ). She showed no interest in the matter「彼女はその問題に無関心だった」(かのじょはそのもんだいにむかんしんだった). The word can also imply a deliberate choice to ignore or not engage with something. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bunch

Reading

Kanji

房Tassel, Chamber

Explanation

The Japanese noun '房 (ふさ)' refers to a 'bunch' or 'cluster' of something, typically used for items that grow or hang together, such as grapes, bananas, or hair. It can also describe a tassel or fringe. For example: a bunch of grapes「葡萄の房」(ぶどうのふさ). Her hair is tied in a bunch「彼女の髪は房になっている」(かのじょのかみはふさになっている). The word is often used in contexts involving natural groupings or decorative elements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6488

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unrelated

Reading

Kanji

係Person in charge, Connection 関Barrier, Related 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無関係 (むかんけい)' means 'unrelated'. It is used to describe something that has no connection or relevance to a particular matter or situation. This term is often used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate that a subject is not involved or pertinent. For example: That topic is unrelated to our discussion「その話題は私たちの議論と無関係です」(そのわだいはわたしたちのぎろんとむかんけいです). He is completely unrelated to the incident「彼はその事件と全く無関係です」(かれはそのじけんとまったくむかんけいです). The term can also be used to describe people, events, or objects that are not connected in any way.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Instrument

Reading

Kanji

器Vessel 楽Music, Pleasure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '楽器 (がっき)' refers to a musical instrument. This term is used to describe any device created or adapted to make musical sounds. It can be used in various contexts, such as discussing music education, performances, or personal hobbies. For example: I play a musical instrument「私は楽器を演奏します」(わたしはがっきをえんそうします). This store sells many musical instruments「この店は多くの楽器を売っています」(このみせはおおくのがっきをうっています). The word '楽器' is commonly used in both formal and informal settings and is essential vocabulary for anyone interested in music.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6491

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gods

Reading

Kanji

神God

Explanation

The Japanese noun '神々 (かみがみ)' refers to 'gods' in a plural sense, often used to describe multiple deities or divine beings. This term is commonly used in religious, mythological, or spiritual contexts. For example: the gods protect this land「神々がこの土地を守っている」(かみがみがこのとちをまもっている). In ancient stories, the gods descended from the heavens「昔の物語では、神々が天から降りてきた」(むかしのものがたりでは、かみがみがてんからおりてきた). The term emphasizes the plurality of divine entities and is often used in contexts involving mythology or traditional beliefs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flaw

Reading

Kanji

点Point 欠Lack

Explanation

The Japanese noun '欠点 (けってん)' means 'flaw' or 'defect'. It refers to a shortcoming or imperfection in a person, object, or system. This word is often used in contexts where criticism or improvement is being discussed. For example: His biggest flaw is his impatience「彼の最大の欠点は短気です」(かれのさいだいのけってんはたんきです). This product has a serious flaw「この製品には重大な欠点がある」(このせいひんにはじゅうだいなけってんがある). The word can also be used in a more neutral or self-reflective way, such as when acknowledging one's own weaknesses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6493

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Genius

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 才Talent, Age (counter)

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天才 (てんさい)' refers to a person who possesses extraordinary intellectual or creative abilities, often described as a 'genius'. This term is used to highlight exceptional talent or brilliance in a specific field, such as art, science, or music. For example: he is a genius「彼は天才だ」(かれはてんさいだ). That child is a genius「あの子は天才だ」(あのこはてんさいだ). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something exceptionally well-made or innovative, though this usage is less common. It is important to note that '天才' carries a strong positive connotation and is often used to express admiration or awe.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6495

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Force, Group (of people)

Reading

Kanji

勢Power, Force

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '勢 (せい)' can mean 'force' or 'group', depending on the context. When used to mean 'force', it often refers to the strength, power, or momentum of something, such as in '水勢 (すいせい)' meaning 'water force' or 'current'. When used to mean 'group', it refers to a collective or a faction, such as in '学生勢 (がくせいせい)' meaning 'student group'. Example sentences: The force of the river is strong「川の勢いが強い」(かわのいきおいがつよい). The student group protested「学生勢が抗議した」(がくせいせいがこうぎした).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6496

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meiji

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 治Cure, Reign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '明治 (めいじ)' refers to the Meiji era, a historical period in Japan from 1868 to 1912. This era is significant for marking Japan's rapid modernization and westernization. The term is often used in historical contexts or to describe things related to this period. For example: The Meiji Restoration was a pivotal event「明治維新は重要な出来事だった」(めいじいしんはじゅうようなできごとだった). This building is from the Meiji era「この建物は明治時代のものです」(このたてものはめいじじだいのものです). The word can also be used in names of institutions or products to evoke a sense of tradition or historical significance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prefectural

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 府Government office, Urban prefecture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '府立 (ふりつ)' refers to something that is established or operated by a prefecture, specifically in the context of institutions like schools, hospitals, or other public facilities. It is often used in the names of such institutions to indicate their affiliation with a prefecture. For example: prefectural high school「府立高校」(ふりつこうこう). prefectural hospital「府立病院」(ふりつびょういん). The term is commonly used in the Kansai region, particularly in Kyoto and Osaka, where '府' refers to the prefectural-level administrative divisions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6499

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Win

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '当選 (とうせん)' means 'win' or 'be elected'. It is commonly used in contexts such as winning a prize, lottery, or being elected in a competition or election. For example: I won the lottery「宝くじに当選した」(たからくじにとうせんした). He was elected as the president「彼は社長に当選した」(かれはしゃちょうにとうせんした). The term is often used in formal or official contexts and carries a sense of achievement or success.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Selection

Reading

Kanji

選Choose 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '入選 (にゅうせん)' refers to the act of being selected or chosen, often in the context of competitions, contests, or exhibitions. It implies that someone or something has been chosen from a larger group to be recognized or awarded. For example: Her painting was selected for the exhibition「彼女の絵が入選した」(かのじょのえがにゅうせんした). He was thrilled to be selected for the competition「彼は入選して大喜びだった」(かれはにゅうせんしておおよろこびだった). This term is commonly used in formal or artistic contexts to denote recognition or achievement.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Selection, Choice

Reading

Kanji

択Choose, Select 選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '選択 (せんたく)' refers to the act of selecting or choosing something from a set of options. It is commonly used in contexts where decisions are made, such as selecting items, options, or courses of action. For example: Please make a selection from the menu「メニューから選択してください」(メニューからせんたくしてください). The choice of words is important「言葉の選択は重要です」(ことばのせんたくはじゅうようです). This word is often used in formal or practical situations, such as in menus, surveys, or decision-making processes.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6503

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opportunity, Turning point

Reading

Kanji

契Pledge 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '契機 (けいき)' refers to a significant event or moment that serves as a catalyst for change or action. It can mean 'opportunity' when referring to a chance to start something new, or 'turning point' when describing a pivotal moment that leads to a major shift. For example: This meeting was the opportunity to start a new project「この会議が新しいプロジェクトの契機となった」(このかいぎがあたらしいぷろじぇくとのけいきとなった). The accident became a turning point in his life「その事故が彼の人生の契機となった」(そのじこがかれのじんせいのけいきとなった). The word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe moments of transformation or initiation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6504

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Higher rank, Superior position

Reading

Kanji

上Up 位Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上位 (じょうい)' refers to a higher rank or superior position within a hierarchy, system, or classification. It is often used in contexts such as rankings, competitions, or organizational structures. For example: He is in a higher rank in the company「彼は会社で上位にいる」(かれはかいしゃでじょういにいる). This product is in the superior position in the market「この製品は市場で上位にある」(このせいひんはしじょうでじょういにある). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as '上位概念 (じょういがいねん)' meaning 'superordinate concept'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6505

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weather

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 候Climate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天候 (てんこう)' refers to 'weather'. It is a formal term used to describe the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, precipitation, wind, and other meteorological conditions. This word is often used in news reports, forecasts, or formal discussions about weather conditions. For example: The weather is bad today「今日の天候は悪い」(きょうのてんこうはわるい). The weather forecast predicts rain「天候予報は雨を予測している」(てんこうよほうはあめをよそくしている). Note that '天候' is more formal than the casual term '天気 (てんき)', which also means 'weather'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6506

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Basket

Reading

Kanji

籠Cage, Basket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '籠 (かご)' refers to a 'basket', typically made of woven materials like bamboo or straw. It is used to carry or store items, and can vary in size and shape depending on its purpose. For example: I bought a basket at the market「市場で籠を買いました」(いちばでかごをかいました). The fruits are in the basket「果物は籠の中です」(くだものはかごのなかです). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that holds or contains items, such as a 'basket of ideas'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6510

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rope

Reading

Kanji

縄Rope, Cord

Explanation

The Japanese noun '縄 (なわ)' means 'rope'. This word refers to a long, flexible length of twisted fibers used for binding, tying, or pulling. It is commonly used in various contexts, such as traditional Japanese practices, construction, or everyday tasks. For example: I tied the box with a rope「箱を縄で縛った」(はこをなわでしばった). The rope is strong「その縄は強い」(そのなわはつよい). Historically, '縄' also refers to the Jōmon period (縄文時代, じょうもんじだい), named after the cord-marked pottery of that era.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6511

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prayer

Reading

Kanji

仏Buddha 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese noun '念仏 (ねんぶつ)' refers to the act of chanting or reciting Buddhist prayers, specifically the name of Amida Buddha (Amitabha Buddha). This practice is central to certain schools of Pure Land Buddhism, where it is believed that chanting 'Namu Amida Butsu' (南無阿弥陀仏) can lead to rebirth in the Pure Land. The term can also be used more broadly to refer to any Buddhist prayer or invocation. For example: He chants prayers every morning「彼は毎朝念仏を唱える」(かれはまいあさねんぶつをとなえる). The old woman devoted her life to prayer「その老女は念仏に人生を捧げた」(そのろうじょはねんぶつにじんせいをささげた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6512

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addition

Reading

Kanji

加Join, Add 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '付加 (ふか)' means 'addition'. It refers to the act of adding something to an existing entity, often to enhance or supplement it. This word is commonly used in contexts such as business, technology, or everyday situations where something extra is added. For example: The software includes additional features「そのソフトウェアには付加機能がある」(そのソフトウェアにはふかきのうがある). The price includes additional charges「その価格には付加料金が含まれている」(そのかかくにはふかりょうきんがふくまれている). It can also be used in abstract contexts, such as adding value or meaning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6513

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Closure

Reading

Kanji

鎖Chain 閉Close, Shut

Explanation

The Japanese noun '閉鎖 (へいさ)' means 'closure'. It refers to the act of closing something, such as a facility, business, or system, or the state of being closed. This word is often used in contexts like the closure of a road, a school, or a business. For example: The factory's closure was announced「工場の閉鎖が発表された」(こうじょうのへいさがはっぴょうされた). The road closure caused traffic「道路の閉鎖で渋滞が起きた」(どうろのへいさでじゅうたいがおきた). It can also be used metaphorically, such as the closure of a chapter in life or a project.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6514

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consulate

Reading

Kanji

領Territory 事Thing 館Building

Explanation

The Japanese noun '領事館 (りょうじかん)' refers to a 'consulate', which is an office or building where a consul works. A consul is a government official who represents their country in a foreign city, helping citizens of their own country who are traveling or living there. The consulate provides services such as issuing visas, assisting with legal matters, and offering support in emergencies. Example sentences: I went to the consulate to renew my passport「領事館にパスポートの更新に行きました」(りょうじかんにぱすぽーとのこうしんにいきました). The consulate is located in the city center「領事館は市の中心にあります」(りょうじかんはしのちゅうしんにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6518

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

When

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 何What 頃Approximate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何時頃 (いつごろ)' means 'when' or 'around what time'. It is used to ask about an approximate time or period. This word is often used in casual conversations to inquire about the timing of events or actions. For example: When will you arrive?「何時頃に到着しますか？」(いつごろにとうちゃくしますか？). Around what time does the meeting start?「会議は何時頃始まりますか？」(かいぎはいつごろはじまりますか？). Note that '何時頃' is more casual and approximate compared to '何時 (なんじ)', which asks for a specific time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6519

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tide

Reading

Kanji

潮Tide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '潮 (しお)' primarily means 'tide', referring to the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational forces exerted by the moon and the sun. It can also metaphorically represent the flow or trend of events. For example: The tide is coming in「潮が満ちてきている」(しおがみちてきている). He went with the tide of public opinion「彼は世論の潮に乗った」(かれはよろんのしおにのった). Additionally, '潮' can sometimes refer to seawater or the sea itself in certain contexts, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6520

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bringing

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 持Hold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '持参 (じさん)' means 'bringing' or 'carrying something with oneself'. It is commonly used to indicate that someone is bringing an item or object to a specific place or event. This word is often used in formal or polite contexts, such as when attending a meeting, event, or gathering. For example: Please bring your own lunch「お昼ご飯は持参してください」(おひるごはんはじさんしてください). He brought the documents to the meeting「彼は会議に書類を持参した」(かれはかいぎにしょるいをじさんした). The word can also imply preparation or responsibility, as in bringing something necessary or expected.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6521

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clerk

Reading

Kanji

記Record 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '書記 (しょき)' refers to a clerk or secretary, someone who is responsible for recording or managing written documents and administrative tasks. This term is often used in formal or organizational contexts, such as in offices, government institutions, or associations. For example: He works as a clerk in the city office「彼は市役所で書記として働いています」(かれはしやくしょでしょきとしてはたらいています). The clerk prepared the meeting minutes「書記が会議の議事録を準備しました」(しょきがかいぎのぎじろくをじゅんびしました). Note that '書記' can also refer to a scribe or someone who writes down information, but this usage is less common in modern contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6522

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beat

Reading

Kanji

拍Clap, Beat 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '拍子 (ひょうし)' primarily refers to the 'beat' or 'rhythm' in music, but it can also denote the timing or moment of an event. It is often used in contexts related to music, dance, or even the timing of actions. For example: keep the beat「拍子を取る」(ひょうしをとる). At that moment「その拍子に」(そのひょうしに). The word can also imply a sudden or coincidental occurrence, as in 'in the heat of the moment'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6523

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receipt

Reading

Kanji

領Territory 書Write 収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '領収書 (りょうしゅうしょ)' refers to a 'receipt', which is a document acknowledging that a payment has been made. This term is commonly used in business transactions, shopping, or any situation where proof of payment is required. For example: Please give me a receipt「領収書をください」(りょうしゅうしょをください). I lost the receipt「領収書をなくしました」(りょうしゅうしょをなくしました). In Japan, it is customary to request a '領収書' after making a payment, especially in formal or business settings. The word is often associated with financial accountability and is essential for record-keeping or reimbursement purposes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Charge, Homeroom

Reading

Kanji

任Duty, Responsibility 担Bear, Carry

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '担任 (たんにん)' refers to the role or responsibility of being in charge of a class or group, often used in educational contexts. It can mean 'homeroom teacher' when referring to a person, or 'charge' when referring to the responsibility itself. For example: She is our homeroom teacher「彼女は私たちの担任です」(かのじょはわたしたちのたんにんです). He is in charge of this class「彼はこのクラスの担任です」(かれはこのクラスのたんにんです). The term emphasizes the responsibility of overseeing and guiding a specific group, particularly in schools.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Irresponsible

Reading

Kanji

責Blame, Liability 任Duty, Responsibility 無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無責任 (むせきにん)' means 'irresponsible'. It is used to describe someone or something that lacks a sense of responsibility or fails to take accountability for their actions. This term can be applied to people, actions, or even systems. For example: His behavior was irresponsible「彼の行動は無責任だった」(かれのこうどうはむせきにんだった). The company's response was irresponsible「会社の対応は無責任だった」(かいしゃのたいおうはむせきにんだった). It is often used in contexts where someone neglects their duties or fails to consider the consequences of their actions.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6529

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transfer

Reading

Kanji

転Revolve 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '転勤 (てんきん)' refers to a job transfer, typically involving relocation to a different workplace or branch within the same company. It is commonly used in professional contexts to describe an employee being reassigned to a new location. For example: I was transferred to the Osaka branch「大阪支店に転勤しました」(おおさかしてんにてんきんしました). His transfer was sudden「彼の転勤は突然でした」(かれのてんきんはとつぜんでした). This term is often associated with corporate culture in Japan, where employees may be required to move frequently for work.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange

Reading

Kanji

様Way, Form 異Rare, Different

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '異様 (いよう)' means 'strange' or 'unusual'. It is used to describe something that is out of the ordinary, peculiar, or abnormal. This word often carries a nuance of something being unsettling or eerie. For example: The atmosphere was strange「その雰囲気は異様だった」(そのふんいきはいようだった). His behavior was unusual「彼の行動は異様だった」(かれのこうどうはいようだった). '異様' is typically used in situations where something deviates significantly from what is considered normal or expected, and it can be applied to a wide range of contexts, including environments, behaviors, or appearances.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6531

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monk, Bald

Reading

Kanji

坊Boy, Sonny 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese noun '坊主 (ぼうず)' primarily refers to a 'monk', particularly a Buddhist monk. It is a colloquial term and can sometimes carry a slightly informal or even humorous tone. Additionally, '坊主' can also mean 'bald', often used to describe someone with a shaved head, which is common among monks. Example sentences: The monk is meditating「坊主が瞑想している」(ぼうずがめいそうしている). He became bald「彼は坊主になった」(かれはぼうずになった). Note that while '坊主' can mean 'bald', it is more commonly used to refer to monks in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6532

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next morning

Reading

Kanji

朝Morning 翌Next, Following

Explanation

The Japanese noun '翌朝 (よくあさ)' refers to 'the next morning' or 'the following morning'. It is used to indicate the morning of the day after a specific event or day. This word is often used in narratives or descriptions to denote the passage of time. For example: I woke up early the next morning「翌朝、早く起きた」(よくあさ、はやくおきた). The next morning, the weather was clear「翌朝、天気は晴れていた」(よくあさ、てんきははれていた). It is important to note that '翌朝' is a formal or literary term, and in casual conversation, people might use '次の朝 (つぎのあさ)' instead.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6533

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sexual

Reading

Kanji

的Target 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '性的 (せいてき)' refers to something related to sex or sexuality. It is often used in formal or academic contexts to describe matters pertaining to sexual behavior, characteristics, or orientation. For example: sexual harassment「性的嫌がらせ」(せいてきいやがらせ). sexual identity「性的アイデンティティ」(せいてきあいでんてぃてぃ). This term is neutral in tone and can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6540

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Threat

Reading

Kanji

脅Threaten 威Might, Intimidate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '脅威 (きょうい)' means 'threat'. It refers to something or someone that poses a danger or risk, often causing fear or concern. This word is commonly used in contexts such as security, politics, or natural disasters. For example: The new virus is a threat to public health「新しいウイルスは公衆衛生への脅威です」(あたらしいウイルスはこうしゅうえいせいへのきょういです). Climate change is a global threat「気候変動は世界的な脅威です」(きこうへんどうはせかいてきなきょういです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that challenges or endangers stability or progress.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6542

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opportunity, Gap

Reading

Kanji

隙Crevice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '隙 (すき)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'gap', referring to a physical or metaphorical space between things. For example: there is a gap in the wall「壁に隙がある」(かべにすきがある). The second meaning is 'opportunity', often implying a chance or opening that can be taken advantage of. For example: he found an opportunity to speak「彼は話す隙を見つけた」(かれははなすすきをみつけた). The word can also imply a moment of vulnerability or weakness, as in '隙をつく (すきをつく)', which means to exploit someone's weakness or inattention. This dual meaning makes '隙' a versatile word in Japanese, used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6543

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uniform

Reading

Kanji

服Obey, Clothing 制System, Control

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制服 (せいふく)' refers to a 'uniform', typically worn by students, employees, or members of an organization. It is commonly associated with school uniforms in Japan, which are a significant part of the culture. For example: I wear a uniform to school「私は学校に制服を着ます」(わたしはがっこうにせいふくをきます). The company requires employees to wear uniforms「会社は従業員に制服を着ることを要求します」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんにせいふくをきることをようきゅうします). The word can also be used more broadly to refer to any standardized clothing worn by a group.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6544

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overall

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 般Sort, Carrier

Explanation

The Japanese noun '全般 (ぜんぱん)' refers to the entirety or the overall scope of something. It is often used to describe a general or comprehensive view of a subject, situation, or field. For example: the overall situation「全般の状況」(ぜんぱんのじょうきょう). The overall trend in the market「市場の全般的な傾向」(しじょうのぜんぱんてきなけいこう). This term is commonly used in formal or technical contexts to discuss broad aspects rather than specific details.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6545

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Power, Electricity

Reading

Kanji

電Electricity 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '電力 (でんりょく)' primarily refers to 'electricity' or 'electric power'. It is commonly used in contexts related to energy, such as electricity generation, consumption, or supply. For example: The electricity supply was cut off「電力の供給が止まった」(でんりょくのきょうきゅうがとまった). We need to save electricity「電力の節約が必要だ」(でんりょくのせつやくがひつようだ). In some cases, it can also refer to 'power' in a broader sense, such as the capacity or ability to perform work, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6546

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Magic

Reading

Kanji

法Law, Method 魔Witch, Demon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '魔法 (まほう)' means 'magic'. It refers to supernatural powers or abilities that can influence events, objects, or people in ways that defy natural laws. This word is commonly used in fantasy contexts, such as in stories, games, or folklore. For example: She used magic to heal the wound「彼女は魔法で傷を治した」(かのじょはまほうできずをなおした). The wizard cast a powerful spell「魔法使いは強力な魔法をかけた」(まほうつかいはきょうりょくなまほうをかけた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that feels enchanting or extraordinary, like 'the magic of music'「音楽の魔法」(おんがくのまほう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6547

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Land

Reading

Kanji

陸Land

Explanation

The Japanese noun '陸 (りく)' means 'land' and refers to the solid part of the Earth's surface, as opposed to water or air. It is often used in contexts contrasting land with sea or ocean. For example: The ship approached the land「船が陸に近づいた」(ふねがりくにちかづいた). They traveled from the sea to the land「彼らは海から陸へ移動した」(かれらはうみからりくへいどうした). This word is commonly used in geographical or navigational contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6548

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recruitment

Reading

Kanji

募Raise, Recruit 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '募集 (ぼしゅう)' primarily means 'recruitment'. It is commonly used in contexts related to hiring, gathering participants, or collecting applications. For example: The company is recruiting new employees「会社は新しい従業員を募集している」(かいしゃはあたらしいじゅうぎょういんをぼしゅうしている). We are looking for volunteers「ボランティアを募集しています」(ぼらんてぃあをぼしゅうしています). The term can also be used in non-employment contexts, such as collecting ideas or entries for a contest. It is a formal term often seen in job postings, advertisements, or announcements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6551

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retirement

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 退Retreat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退職 (たいしょく)' refers to the act of retiring or resigning from a job or position. It is commonly used in professional or formal contexts to describe the process of leaving employment, often due to reaching retirement age or personal reasons. For example: He is planning his retirement「彼は退職を計画している」(かれはたいしょくをけいかくしている). She submitted her resignation letter「彼女は退職願を提出した」(かのじょはたいしょくねがいをていしゅつした). The term can also be used in phrases like '退職金 (たいしょくきん)', which means 'retirement bonus' or 'severance pay'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6552

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expulsion, Withdrawal

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 退Retreat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退学 (たいがく)' refers to the act of leaving or being removed from an educational institution. It can mean either 'expulsion' (when a student is forced to leave due to disciplinary reasons) or 'withdrawal' (when a student voluntarily leaves). For example: He was expelled from school「彼は退学になった」(かれはたいがくになった). She decided to withdraw from university「彼女は大学を退学することにした」(かのじょはだいがくをたいがくすることにした). The context usually clarifies whether the action is voluntary or involuntary.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boredom

Reading

Kanji

屈Crouch, Yield 退Retreat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退屈 (たいくつ)' means 'boredom'. It describes the state of being bored or feeling uninterested in one's current activity or situation. It can also be used to describe something that is dull or uninteresting. For example: I feel bored「退屈です」(たいくつです). This movie is boring「この映画は退屈だ」(このえいがはたいくつだ). The word can also function as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '退屈する (たいくつする)', meaning 'to feel bored'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Brat

Reading

Kanji

鬼Demon, Ogre 餓Starve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '餓鬼 (がき)' is a colloquial term often used to describe a mischievous or unruly child, similar to the English word 'brat'. It carries a slightly negative or playful tone, depending on the context. In Buddhist contexts, '餓鬼' refers to 'hungry ghosts', but in everyday usage, it is almost exclusively used to refer to children. Example sentences: That kid is such a brat「あの子は本当に餓鬼だ」(あのこはほんとうにがきだ). Don't act like a brat「餓鬼みたいなことをするな」(がきみたいなことをするな). Note that this term can be considered rude or offensive if used directly toward someone, so it is often used in a teasing or informal manner among friends or family.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6555

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Furniture

Reading

Kanji

家House 具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家具 (かぐ)' means 'furniture'. It refers to movable objects used to support various human activities such as seating, eating, and sleeping. This includes items like chairs, tables, beds, and cabinets. For example: I bought new furniture「新しい家具を買いました」(あたらしいかぐをかいました). The furniture in this room is expensive「この部屋の家具は高いです」(このへやのかぐはたかいです). The word is commonly used in contexts related to home decor, interior design, and shopping for household items.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6556

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chronicle

Reading

Kanji

紀Chronicle, Era 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '書紀 (しょき)' refers to a historical chronicle or record. It is often used in the context of ancient Japanese historical texts, such as the '日本書紀 (にほんしょき)' (Nihon Shoki), which is one of the oldest and most important historical records of Japan. The term can also be used more generally to refer to any historical chronicle. Example sentences: The Nihon Shoki is an ancient chronicle「日本書紀は古代の書紀です」(にほんしょきはこだいのしょきです). He is studying the chronicles of the Heian period「彼は平安時代の書紀を勉強しています」(かれはへいあんじだいのしょきをべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6557

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Best friend

Reading

Kanji

友Friend 親Parent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親友 (しんゆう)' means 'best friend'. It refers to a very close friend with whom one shares a deep bond of trust and affection. This term is often used to describe a lifelong friend or someone who is like family. For example: He is my best friend「彼は私の親友です」(かれはわたしのしんゆうです). We have been best friends since childhood「私たちは子供の頃から親友です」(わたしたちはこどものころからしんゆうです). The term emphasizes a strong, enduring friendship and is not used casually for acquaintances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6558

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tsubo

Reading

Kanji

坪Tsubo, Two mat area

Explanation

The Japanese noun '坪 (つぼ)' refers to a traditional unit of area measurement in Japan, equivalent to approximately 3.3 square meters. It is commonly used in real estate and construction to describe the size of land or buildings. For example: this land is 100 tsubo「この土地は100坪です」(このとちはひゃくつぼです). The house has a garden of 30 tsubo「その家には30坪の庭があります」(そのいえにはさんじゅうつぼのにわがあります). The term 'tsubo' is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is still widely used today, especially in contexts involving traditional architecture or land transactions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6559

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excavation

Reading

Kanji

掘Dig 発Departure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '発掘 (はっくつ)' means 'excavation'. It refers to the act of digging up or uncovering something, often used in the context of archaeology or discovering hidden resources. For example: The excavation of ancient ruins「古代遺跡の発掘」(こだいいせきのはっくつ). They are excavating for oil「彼らは石油を発掘している」(かれらはせきゆをはっくつしている). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe uncovering hidden talents or information, such as: The discovery of a new talent「新しい才能の発掘」(あたらしいさいのうのはっくつ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6560

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dance

Reading

Kanji

舞Dance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '舞 (まい)' refers to a traditional dance, often one that is formal or ceremonial in nature. This term is commonly used in the context of traditional Japanese performing arts, such as Noh or Kabuki theater. For example: she performed a beautiful dance「彼女は美しい舞を舞った」(かのじょはうつくしいまいをまった). The dance at the festival was mesmerizing「祭りの舞は魅惑的だった」(まつりのまいはみわくてきだった). It's important to note that '舞' can also be part of compound words, such as '舞踊 (ぶよう)' which means 'dance' in a more general sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6562

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trunk

Reading

Kanji

幹Trunk, Main

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幹 (みき)' primarily refers to the trunk of a tree. It is used to describe the main structural part of a tree that supports the branches and leaves. This word can also be metaphorically used to describe the main or central part of something, such as an organization or a system. For example: The tree trunk is thick「木の幹が太い」(きのみきがふとい). He is the backbone of the company「彼は会社の幹だ」(かれはかいしゃのみきだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addition

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '追加 (ついか)' means 'addition'. It refers to the act of adding something extra to what already exists. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as adding items to an order, adding information to a document, or adding features to a product. For example: I added more details to the report「レポートに詳細を追加しました」(レポートにしょうさいをついかしました). Can you add this to the list?「これをリストに追加できますか？」(これをリストについかできますか？). The word '追加' is often used in both formal and informal settings, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contrast

Reading

Kanji

対Against 比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対比 (たいひ)' means 'contrast'. It refers to the act of comparing two or more things to highlight their differences or similarities. This term is often used in discussions, analyses, or descriptions where differences or comparisons are emphasized. For example: the contrast between light and dark「光と闇の対比」(ひかりとやみのたいひ). The contrast between old and new ideas「古い考えと新しい考えの対比」(ふるいかんがえとあたらしいかんがえのたいひ). It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to draw attention to distinctions or comparisons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6566

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relatively

Reading

Kanji

較Compare, Contrast 的Target 比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '比較的 (ひかくてき)' means 'relatively'. It is used to indicate that something is being compared to a standard or norm, suggesting that it is somewhat or moderately so in relation to that standard. It often carries a nuance of being more than expected or more than average, but not extremely so. For example: This problem is relatively easy「この問題は比較的簡単だ」(このもんだいはひかくてきかんたんだ). The weather today is relatively warm「今日の天気は比較的暖かい」(きょうのてんきはひかくてきあたたかい). It can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6568

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comparison

Reading

Kanji

較Compare, Contrast 比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '比較 (ひかく)' means 'comparison'. It is used to describe the act of comparing two or more things, often to highlight similarities or differences. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: Let's make a comparison between the two products「二つの製品を比較しましょう」(ふたつのせいひんをひかくしましょう). The comparison of these two methods is interesting「これらの二つの方法の比較は面白い」(これらのふたつのほうほうのひかくはおもしろい). It can also be used in compound words, such as '比較的 (ひかくてき)' meaning 'comparatively' or 'relatively'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting