Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

One

Reading

Kanji

一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一つ (ひとつ)' means 'one'. It is used to indicate the number one or a single item. This word is often used in counting objects or when referring to a single instance of something. For example: I have one apple「りんごを一つ持っています」(りんごをひとつもっています). There is one book on the table「テーブルの上に本が一つあります」(テーブルのうえにほんがひとつあります). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as 'one of the reasons'「理由の一つ」(りゆうのひとつ). Note that '一つ' is part of the native Japanese counting system, which is often used for general objects and abstract concepts, as opposed to the Sino-Japanese counting system (e.g., 一 (いち)) which is used for specific categories like dates, money, or time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

23

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Two

Reading

Kanji

二Two

Explanation

The Japanese noun '二つ (ふたつ)' means 'two'. It is used to count or refer to two items, objects, or things. This word is part of the native Japanese counting system, which is often used for general counting or when the number of items is small. For example: I have two apples「りんごが二つある」(りんごがふたつある). There are two books on the table「テーブルの上に本が二つある」(テーブルのうえにほんがふたつある). Note that '二つ' is used for counting inanimate objects or abstract things, and it is distinct from the Sino-Japanese numeral '二 (に)' which is used in more formal or specific contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

24

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Three

Reading

Kanji

三Three

Explanation

The Japanese noun '三つ (みっつ)' means 'three'. It is used to refer to the number three, often in the context of counting objects or items. This word is part of the traditional Japanese counting system, which uses specific counters for different types of objects. For example: there are three apples「りんごが三つある」(りんごがみっつある). I bought three books「本を三つ買った」(ほんをみっつかった). It's important to note that '三つ' is used for counting general items, and there are other counters for specific objects, such as '三人 (さんにん)' for counting people.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

25

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Four

Reading

Kanji

四Four

Explanation

The Japanese noun '四つ (よっつ)' means 'four'. It is a traditional way of counting items, often used in contexts like counting objects, ages, or in traditional settings. This term is part of the native Japanese counting system (as opposed to the Sino-Japanese system). For example: there are four apples「りんごが四つある」(りんごがよっつある). The child is four years old「その子は四つです」(そのこはよっつです). Note that '四つ' is less commonly used in modern, everyday conversation, where '四 (よん)' is more prevalent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

26

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Five

Reading

Kanji

五Five

Explanation

The Japanese noun '五つ (いつつ)' means 'five'. It is used to indicate the number five, often in contexts where counting objects or items. This word is part of the traditional Japanese counting system, which uses specific counters for different types of objects. For example: there are five apples「りんごが五つある」(りんごがいつつある). I bought five books「本を五つ買った」(ほんをいつつかった). Note that '五つ' is typically used for general counting, while other counters may be used for specific items, such as '五冊 (ごさつ)' for books.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

27

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Six

Reading

Kanji

六Six

Explanation

The Japanese noun '六つ (むっつ)' means 'six'. It is a traditional way of counting items or objects, often used for general counting or when referring to age. This form is part of the native Japanese counting system, which is distinct from the Sino-Japanese counting system (e.g., 六 (ろく)). For example: there are six apples「りんごが六つある」(りんごがむっつある). The child is six years old「その子は六つです」(そのこはむっつです). This term is commonly used in everyday conversation, especially in informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

28

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seven

Reading

Kanji

七Seven

Explanation

The Japanese noun '七つ (ななつ)' means 'seven'. It is used to refer to the number seven, often in contexts involving counting objects, ages, or items. This term is part of the traditional Japanese counting system, which uses specific counters for different types of objects. For example: There are seven apples「りんごが七つある」(りんごがななつある). The child is seven years old「その子は七つです」(そのこはななつです). Note that '七つ' is often used in more traditional or formal settings, and in modern contexts, the number '七 (なな)' is more commonly used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

29

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eight

Reading

Kanji

八Eight

Explanation

The Japanese noun '八つ (やっつ)' means 'eight'. It is a traditional way of counting items, often used for objects that do not have a specific counter or for general counting. This term is part of the native Japanese counting system, which is different from the Sino-Japanese system (e.g., 八 (はち)). For example: there are eight apples「りんごが八つある」(りんごがやっつある). I bought eight books「本を八つ買いました」(ほんをやっつかいました). Note that '八つ' is typically used for counting objects in a more traditional or casual context, and it is less common in modern, formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

30

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nine

Reading

Kanji

九Nine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '九つ (ここのつ)' means 'nine'. This word is specifically used to count items or objects, and it is part of the traditional Japanese counting system for general objects (as opposed to the Sino-Japanese system used for numbers in isolation or specific categories). It is often used in contexts where items are being counted individually, such as in shopping or when describing quantities. For example: there are nine apples「りんごが九つある」(りんごがここのつある). I bought nine books「本を九つ買いました」(ほんをここのつかいました). Note that '九つ' is typically used for counting objects, while '九 (きゅう)' is used for abstract numbers or specific counting systems like time or age.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

31

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Do

Reading

Kanji

為Do, Sake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '為る (する)' means 'to do'. It is one of the most versatile and commonly used verbs in Japanese, often functioning as a placeholder verb for actions or activities. It can be used in a wide range of contexts, from performing tasks to describing states or conditions. For example: I will do my homework「宿題をする」(しゅくだいをする). What are you doing?「何をしているの？」(なにをしているの？). Additionally, 'する' is often used in compound verbs or to nominalize actions, such as '勉強する (べんきょうする)' (to study) or '旅行する (りょこうする)' (to travel). It is also used in many idiomatic expressions and set phrases.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

47

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exist

Reading

Kanji

居Reside, Be

Explanation

The Japanese verb '居る (いる)' means 'to exist' or 'to be present' and is primarily used for living things, such as people or animals. It is often used to indicate the presence or existence of someone or something animate. For example: There is a cat here「ここに猫が居る」(ここにねこがいる). My friend is at home「友達が家に居る」(ともだちがいえにいる). Note that '居る' is written in hiragana as 'いる' in modern usage, and it is distinct from 'ある', which is used for inanimate objects. This verb is also commonly used in the progressive tense to indicate ongoing actions, such as '食べている (たべている)' (is eating).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

48

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exist

Reading

Kanji

有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese verb '有る (ある)' means 'to exist' or 'to have'. It is primarily used to indicate the existence of inanimate objects or abstract concepts. Unlike 'いる (iru)', which is used for living things, 'ある' is specifically for non-living things. For example: There is a book on the table「テーブルの上に本がある」(てーぶるのうえにほんがある). I have time「時間がある」(じかんがある). It can also be used to express possession in a general sense, such as 'I have a car'「車がある」(くるまがある). Note that 'ある' is often used in negative forms to indicate absence, like 'There is no money'「お金がない」(おかねがない).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

49

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Say

Reading

Kanji

言Say

Explanation

The Japanese verb '言う (いう)' means 'to say' or 'to tell'. It is used to express speaking or conveying information. This verb is highly versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as quoting someone, expressing thoughts, or giving instructions. For example: He said he will come「彼は来ると言った」(かれはくるといった). What did you say?「何と言いましたか？」(なんといいましたか？). It can also be used in idiomatic expressions, such as 'そう言う (そういう)' meaning 'that kind of' or 'such'. Note that '言う' is often used in its polite form '言います (いいます)' in formal situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

50

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Become

Reading

Kanji

成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verb '成る (なる)' means 'to become'. It is used to indicate a change in state, condition, or quality. This verb is highly versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as describing natural changes, personal transformations, or the outcome of events. For example: I want to become a teacher「先生になりたい」(せんせいになりたい). The leaves have turned red「葉っぱが赤くなった」(はっぱがあかくなった). It's important to note that 'なる' is often used with adjectives or nouns to describe the resulting state, as in '大きくなる (おおきくなる) (to become big)' or '静かになる (しずかになる) (to become quiet)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

52

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Non existent

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '無い (ない)' means 'nonexistent' or 'not present'. It is used to indicate the absence of something or to negate the existence of an object, state, or condition. This word is often used in everyday conversation and can be attached to nouns or used independently. For example: There is no money「お金がない」(おかねがない). I have no time「時間がない」(じかんがない). It can also be used to express the lack of necessity or obligation, as in 'You don't have to go'「行かなくてもいい」(いかなくてもいい). Note that 'ない' is often used in negative sentences and can be combined with verbs to form negative conjugations, such as '食べない' (たべない) meaning 'do not eat'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

53

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Come

Reading

Kanji

来Come

Explanation

The Japanese verb '来る (くる)' means 'to come'. It is used to indicate movement towards the speaker or the location of the speaker. This verb is highly versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as inviting someone, indicating arrival, or expressing future events. For example: Please come to my house「私の家に来てください」(わたしのいえにきてください). He will come tomorrow「彼は明日来ます」(かれはあしたきます). The verb '来る' is irregular and conjugates differently from other verbs, so it's important to pay attention to its forms in different tenses and politeness levels.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

61

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Think

Reading

Kanji

思Think

Explanation

The Japanese verb '思う (おもう)' means 'to think'. It is used to express thoughts, opinions, or feelings about something. This verb is often used in casual and formal contexts to convey personal beliefs or impressions. For example: I think it's interesting「それは面白いと思う」(それはおもしろいとおもう). He thinks she is kind「彼は彼女が優しいと思う」(かれはかのじょがやさしいとおもう). It can also be used to express uncertainty or speculation, as in 'I think it might rain「雨が降ると思う」(あめがふるとおもう)'. Note that '思う' is often paired with particles like 'と' or 'を' to indicate the object of thought.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

62

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Go

Reading

Kanji

行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verb '行く (いく)' means 'to go'. It is used to indicate movement from one place to another. This verb is highly versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as physical movement, attending events, or even abstract concepts like progress. For example: I will go to the park「公園に行く」(こうえんにいく). She goes to school every day「彼女は毎日学校に行く」(かのじょはまいにちがっこうにいく). Additionally, '行く' can be used in compound verbs and expressions, such as '出かける (でかける)' meaning 'to go out' or 'to leave'. It's important to note that '行く' can also imply a sense of continuation or progression, as in 'このまま行く (このままでいく)' meaning 'to continue as is'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

63

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

See

Reading

Kanji

見See

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見る (みる)' means 'to see' or 'to look at'. It is used to describe the act of visually perceiving something or observing something intentionally. This verb is very common and can be used in various contexts, such as watching TV, looking at scenery, or observing someone's actions. For example: I see a bird「鳥を見る」(とりをみる). She watches TV every night「彼女は毎晩テレビを見る」(かのじょはまいばんテレビをみる). Additionally, '見る' can also imply examining or checking something, as in 'I will check the document'「書類を見る」(しょるいをみる). It is important to note that '見る' is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the object being seen or looked at.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

64

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Good

Reading

Kanji

良Good

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '良い (よい)' means 'good'. It is a versatile word used to describe something that is of high quality, favorable, or desirable. It can be applied to a wide range of contexts, from describing objects and situations to expressing approval or satisfaction. For example: This is a good book「これは良い本です」(これはよいほんです). The weather is good today「今日は天気が良い」(きょうはてんきがよい). Additionally, '良い' can sometimes be used to express permission, as in 'It's good to go'「行っても良い」(いってもよい). Note that '良い' is often pronounced as 'いい' in casual speech, though the meaning remains the same.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

65

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Can, Be made

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese verb '出来る (できる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'can', indicating the ability or possibility to do something. For example: I can speak Japanese「日本語ができる」(にほんごができる). The second meaning is 'be made', referring to something being created or produced. For example: This cake was made by my mother「このケーキは母によってできた」(このケーキはははによってできた). The verb is highly versatile and often used in daily conversation to express capability, completion, or the state of being made. It is also commonly used in potential forms to indicate ability, such as '食べられる (たべられる)' (can eat).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

67

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Base, Rely

Reading

Kanji

拠Basis, Based on

Explanation

The Japanese verb '拠る (よる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to base' or 'to be based on,' indicating that something is founded or established on a particular source or principle. For example: This theory is based on solid evidence「この理論は確かな証拠に拠る」(このりろんはたしかなしょうこによる). The second meaning is 'to rely' or 'to depend on,' suggesting that something or someone is dependent on another for support or existence. For example: We rely on your help「私たちはあなたの助けに拠る」(わたしたちはあなたのたすけによる). The verb is often used in formal or written contexts and can be combined with nouns to form compound expressions, such as '根拠 (こんきょ) (basis)' or '依拠 (いきょ) (reliance).'

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

76

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Put away

Reading

Kanji

仕Serve 舞Dance

Explanation

The Japanese verb '仕舞う(しまう)' primarily means 'put away' or 'store'. It is used to describe the action of putting something in its proper place or out of sight, often implying that the item is being stored neatly or securely. This verb can also imply completing an action or finishing something, though this usage is less common. For example: I put away th ebooks「本を仕舞った」(ほんをしまった).She put away her toys「彼女はおもちゃを仕舞った」(かのじょはおもちゃをしまった). Note that'しまう'can also be used as an auxiliary verb to denote the completion of an action with a sense of finality, as in '食べてしまった' (たべてしまった), meaning' I ate it up' or 'I ended up eating it'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

86

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Understand

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese verb '分かる (わかる)' means 'to understand' or 'to comprehend'. It is used to express the realization or grasp of information, knowledge, or a situation. This verb is often used in everyday conversations to indicate that someone has understood something. For example: I understand the problem「問題が分かる」(もんだいがわかる). Do you understand Japanese?「日本語が分かりますか？」(にほんごがわかりますか？). It can also imply a sense of realization, as in 'I see' or 'I get it'. Note that '分かる' is an intransitive verb, so it does not take a direct object with the particle 'を'. Instead, it often uses 'が' to mark the subject of understanding.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

88

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hold, Have

Reading

Kanji

持Hold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '持つ (もつ)' can mean 'to hold' or 'to have'. When used to mean 'to hold', it refers to physically grasping or carrying something. For example: she holds a book「彼女は本を持つ」(かのじょはほんをもつ). When used to mean 'to have', it refers to possessing or owning something. For example: I have a car「私は車を持つ」(わたしはくるまをもつ). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, both literal and figurative. It's important to note that '持つ' is often used in combination with other words to form compound verbs, such as '持ち帰る (もちかえる)' (to take home).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

89

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Think

Reading

Kanji

考Think, Consider

Explanation

The Japanese verb '考える (かんがえる)' means 'to think'. It is used to describe the act of considering, pondering, or reflecting on something. This verb is often used in contexts where someone is contemplating an idea, making a decision, or solving a problem. For example: I will think about it「それを考えます」(それをかんがえます). He is thinking deeply「彼は深く考えている」(かれはふかくかんがえている). The verb can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as thinking about the future or considering a theory. It is a versatile and commonly used verb in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

90

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Give, Do

Reading

Kanji

遣Use, Dispatch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '遣る (やる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to do', which is a casual and often rough way of expressing an action. For example: I'll do it「俺がやる」(おれがやる). The second meaning is 'to give', typically used when giving something to someone of lower status or to animals. For example: I'll give the dog food「犬に餌をやる」(いぬにえさをやる). Note that 'やる' is informal and can sometimes carry a rough or masculine tone, so it is often replaced with more polite alternatives like 'する' (to do) or 'あげる' (to give) in formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

92

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exit, Appear

Reading

Kanji

出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '出る (でる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to exit' or 'to leave', referring to moving out of a place. For example: I left the house「家を出た」(いえをでた). The second meaning is 'to appear' or 'to emerge', often used when something or someone becomes visible or present. For example: The sun appeared「太陽が出た」(たいようがでた). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as leaving a room, appearing in a show, or even when something is published or released. It is important to note that the specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

93

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take, Assume

Reading

Kanji

就Settle, Concerning

Explanation

The Japanese verb '就く (つく)' primarily means 'to take' or 'to assume' a position, role, or job. It is often used in formal contexts to describe starting a new job, position, or responsibility. For example: He took the position of manager「彼はマネージャーの職に就いた」(かれはマネージャーのしょくについた). She assumed the role of team leader「彼女はチームリーダーの役職に就いた」(かのじょはチームリーダーのやくしょくについた). This verb is also used in phrases like 'bedに就く (ベッドにつく)', meaning 'to go to bed'. It carries a formal tone and is typically used in professional or official settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

97

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

But

Reading

Kanji

然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese conjunction '然し (しかし)' means 'but' and is used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts what has been said previously. It is a formal and slightly literary way of expressing contrast, often used in written language or formal speech. For example: I wanted to go, but I couldn't「行きたかったが、しかし行けなかった」(いきたかったが、しかしいけなかった). He is young, but very talented「彼は若いが、しかしとても才能がある」(かれはわかいが、しかしとてもさいのうがある). Note that 'しかし' can sometimes be replaced with the more casual 'でも' in informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

conjunction

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

102

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take, Get

Reading

Kanji

取Take

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取る (とる)' primarily means 'to take' or 'to get'. It is a versatile verb used in various contexts, such as physically taking an object, capturing something, or obtaining something abstract like permission or a photograph. For example: I will take a photo「写真を取ります」(しゃしんをとります). He got permission「彼は許可を取りました」(かれはきょかをとりました). Additionally, it can be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '時間を取る (じかんをとる)' meaning 'to take time'. The verb is often used in everyday conversation and is essential for expressing actions related to acquiring or handling something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

104

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Listen, Ask

Reading

Kanji

聞Listen

Explanation

The Japanese verb '聞く (きく)' has two primary meanings: 'to ask' and 'to listen'. When used to mean 'to ask', it refers to inquiring or seeking information from someone. For example: I asked the teacher「先生に聞いた」(せんせいにきいた). When used to mean 'to listen', it refers to the act of hearing or paying attention to sounds or speech. For example: I listened to music「音楽を聞いた」(おんがくをきいた). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended. Note that '聞く' is often used in polite requests, such as '聞いてください (きいてください)' (please listen/ask).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

105

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Give

Reading

Kanji

下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '下さる (くださる)' is a humble and polite way to say 'give'. It is used when someone of higher status gives something to the speaker or someone in the speaker's in-group. This verb is often used to show respect and gratitude. For example: The teacher gave me a book「先生が本を下さいました」(せんせいがほんをくださいました). My boss gave me advice「上司がアドバイスを下さいました」(じょうしがアドバイスをくださいました). Note that '下さる' is the honorific form of 'くれる', and it is typically used in formal or respectful contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

107

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Love

Reading

Kanji

大Big 好Like, Fond

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '大好き (だいすき)' means 'love' or 'really like'. It is used to express strong affection or preference for something or someone. This word is often used in casual conversations to convey enthusiasm or deep fondness. For example: I love sushi「私は寿司が大好きです」(わたしはすしがだいすきです). He really likes cats「彼は猫が大好きです」(かれはねこがだいすきです). Note that '大好き' is stronger than '好き (すき)', which simply means 'like'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

109

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Know

Reading

Kanji

知Know

Explanation

The Japanese verb '知る (しる)' means 'to know' or 'to become aware of'. It is used to express knowledge or awareness of something, whether it is information, facts, or people. Unlike '分かる (わかる)', which implies understanding, '知る' focuses on the act of coming to know something. For example: I know that person「あの人を知っています」(あのひとをしっています). I just found out about the news「そのニュースを今知りました」(そのニュースをいましりました). It is often used in the past tense ('知った') to indicate the moment of realization or discovery.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

110

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Give

Reading

Kanji

呉Give, Wu China

Explanation

The Japanese verb '呉れる (くれる)' means 'to give' and is used when someone gives something to the speaker or someone close to the speaker. It implies a sense of favor or kindness from the giver's side. This verb is often used in casual speech and is conjugated differently from other verbs. For example: He gave me a book「彼は私に本をくれた」(かれはわたしにほんをくれた). My friend gave me a ride「友達が車で送ってくれた」(ともだちがくるまでおくってくれた). Note that 'くれる' is used when the action benefits the speaker or someone in the speaker's in-group, and it is often accompanied by a sense of gratitude.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

111

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enter

Reading

Kanji

入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '入る (はいる)' means 'to enter' or 'to go into'. It is used to describe the action of moving into a space, such as a room, building, or container. It can also be used in abstract contexts, such as entering a state or condition. For example: I entered the room「部屋に入った」(へやにはいった). The cat went into the box「猫が箱に入った」(ねこがはこにはいった). Additionally, it can be used in expressions like 'to join' or 'to be included', such as in 'the price includes tax「値段に税が入っている」(ねだんにぜいがはいっている)'. Note that this verb is often paired with particles like に (ni) to indicate the destination or target of entry.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

116

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Put

Reading

Kanji

置Put

Explanation

The Japanese verb '置く (おく)' primarily means 'to put' or 'to place'. It is used to describe the action of placing an object in a specific location. This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as placing items on a table, leaving something behind, or even metaphorically, like setting aside time. Example sentences: I put the book on the table「本をテーブルに置く」(ほんをテーブルにおく). Please leave the key here「鍵をここに置いてください」(かぎをここにおいてください). Note that '置く' can also imply leaving something in a state or condition, as in 'そのままにしておく (leave it as it is)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

117

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Use

Reading

Kanji

使Use

Explanation

The Japanese verb '使う (つかう)' means 'to use'. It is a common verb that describes the action of utilizing something for a purpose. It can be applied to objects, tools, money, time, or even abstract concepts like methods or strategies. For example: I use a pen to write「ペンを使って書く」(ペンをつかってかく). She uses her time wisely「彼女は時間を上手に使う」(かのじょはじかんをじょうずにつかう). The verb can also imply the act of spending or consuming, such as in 'お金を使う (おかねをつかう) (to spend money)'. It is important to note that '使う' is often used in combination with other verbs to express the means or method of doing something, as in '使ってみる (つかってみる) (to try using)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

118

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close

Reading

Kanji

閉Close, Shut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '閉まる (しまる)' means 'to close'. It is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object and describes something closing on its own. This verb is often used to describe doors, windows, or shops closing. For example: The door closed「ドアが閉まった」(ドアがしまった). The store closes at 9 PM「店は9時に閉まる」(みせはくじにしまる). Note that '閉まる' is different from '閉める (しめる)', which is a transitive verb meaning 'to close something' (e.g., 'I closed the door'「ドアを閉めた」(ドアをしめた)).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

123

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face, Oppose

Reading

Kanji

対Against

Explanation

The Japanese verb '対する (たいする)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to face' or 'to be opposite to', often used in a physical or metaphorical sense. The second meaning is 'to oppose' or 'to confront', indicating a stance against something. This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as describing physical orientation, emotional confrontation, or opposition in opinions or actions. For example: The house faces the park「その家は公園に対する」(そのいえはこうえんにたいする). He opposed the new policy「彼は新しい政策に対した」(かれはあたらしいせいさくにたいした). It's important to note that '対する' often requires a particle like 'に' to indicate the target of the action.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

130

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Same

Reading

Kanji

同Same

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '同じ (おなじ)' means 'same'. It is used to indicate that two or more things are identical or unchanged. This word can be used to compare objects, people, situations, or ideas. For example: we have the same bag「私たちは同じバッグを持っています」(わたしたちはおなじバッグをもっています). This is the same as yesterday「これは昨日と同じです」(これはきのうとおなじです). Note that '同じ' is often followed by the particle 'の' when modifying a noun, as in '同じ色 (おなじいろ) (same color)'.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

133

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many

Reading

Kanji

多Many

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '多い (おおい)' means 'many' or 'a lot'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. This adjective is often used to modify nouns or to describe situations where there is an abundance of something. For example: There are many people「人が多い」(ひとがおおい). There are many books「本が多い」(ほんがおおい). It can also be used in comparative or superlative forms, such as 'もっと多い (もっとおおい)' (more) or '一番多い (いちばんおおい)' (the most). Note that '多い' is typically used in its adjectival form and does not conjugate like verbs.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

136

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Start, Take out

Reading

Kanji

出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '出す (だす)' has multiple meanings depending on the context. One common meaning is 'to take out' or 'to remove something from a place'. For example: I took out the trash「ゴミを出した」(ごみをだした). Another meaning is 'to start' or 'to begin something'. For example: He started running「彼は走り出した」(かれははしりだした). The verb is versatile and can be used in various situations, such as taking out an object from a bag, starting a new activity, or even expressing the beginning of a natural phenomenon like rain starting to fall. It's important to pay attention to the context to understand which meaning is being used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

140

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Make, Create

Reading

Kanji

作Make

Explanation

The Japanese verb '作る (つくる)' primarily means 'to make' or 'to create'. It is used to describe the act of producing, constructing, or forming something. This verb can be applied to a wide range of contexts, such as making food, creating art, or building objects. For example: I made dinner「夕食を作った」(ゆうしょくをつくった). She created a beautiful painting「彼女は美しい絵を作った」(かのじょはうつくしいえをつくった). The nuance of '作る' often implies a deliberate and thoughtful process of creation, whether it's something tangible or abstract.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

147

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conduct

Reading

Kanji

行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verb '行う (おこなう)' means 'to conduct' or 'to carry out'. It is used to describe performing or executing an action, event, or task. This verb is often used in formal or official contexts, such as conducting a meeting, carrying out a ceremony, or performing a task. For example: The company will conduct a meeting「会社は会議を行う」(かいしゃはかいぎをおこなう). The ceremony was carried out smoothly「式典は円滑に行われた」(しきてんはえんかつにおこなわれた). Note that '行う' is typically used for planned or organized activities rather than spontaneous actions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

153

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Become known

Reading

Kanji

知Know

Explanation

The Japanese verb '知れる (しれる)' means 'to become known' or 'to be discovered'. It is often used to describe situations where information or secrets are gradually revealed or come to light. This verb can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on what is being revealed. For example: the truth became known「真実が知れた」(しんじつがしれた). His secret was discovered「彼の秘密が知れた」(かれのひみつがしれた). Note that '知れる' is often used in passive or indirect contexts, emphasizing that the information comes out without direct action from the subject.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

156

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Well, Often

Reading

Kanji

良Good

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '良く (よく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'often', indicating frequency. For example: I often go to the park「私はよく公園に行きます」(わたしはよくこうえんにいきます). The second meaning is 'well', indicating quality or manner. For example: She sings well「彼女はよく歌います」(かのじょはよくうたいます). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended. When used to mean 'well', it often describes how something is done or the state of something. When used to mean 'often', it typically precedes a verb to indicate regularity.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

158

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Write

Reading

Kanji

書Write

Explanation

The Japanese verb '書く (かく)' means 'to write'. It is used to describe the action of writing something down, such as words, letters, or notes. This verb is commonly used in various contexts, from writing a letter to taking notes in class. For example: I write a letter「手紙を書く」(てがみをかく). She writes her name「彼女は名前を書く」(かのじょはなまえをかく). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe the act of composing or creating written content, such as writing a book or an article.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

161

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attach, Turn on

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '付ける (つける)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to attach' or 'to affix', referring to physically adding something to another object. For example: I attached a label to the box「箱にラベルを付けた」(はこにラベルをつけた). The second meaning is 'to turn on' (a device or light). For example: She turned on the light「彼女は電気を付けた」(かのじょはでんきをつけた). This verb is versatile and widely used in daily conversations. It can also imply adding something abstract, like skills or habits, as in 'to acquire a habit' (習慣を付ける, しゅうかんをつける).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

162

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nearby

Reading

Kanji

近Near

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '近く (ちかく)' means 'nearby' or 'close by'. It is used to indicate proximity in terms of physical distance. This word can be used to describe the location of places, objects, or people relative to something else. For example: The station is nearby「駅は近くです」(えきはちかくです). There is a convenience store nearby「近くにコンビニがあります」(ちかくにコンビニがあります). It can also be used to indicate that something is close in time, such as '近くに夏休みが来ます (ちかくになつやすみがきます) (Summer vacation is coming soon)'. Note that '近く' can also function as a noun meaning 'vicinity' or 'neighborhood', but as an adverb, it primarily conveys the idea of being nearby.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

167

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Teach

Reading

Kanji

教Teach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '教える (おしえる)' means 'to teach'. It is used when someone imparts knowledge, skills, or information to another person. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as teaching a subject, giving instructions, or sharing information. For example: I will teach you Japanese「日本語を教えます」(にほんごをおしえます). Can you teach me how to cook?「料理の仕方を教えてくれますか？」(りょうりのしかたをおしえてくれますか？). The verb can also imply showing or telling someone something they didn't know, as in 'He taught me the way to the station'「彼は駅への道を教えてくれた」(かれはえきへのみちをおしえてくれた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

170

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Call, Hang

Reading

Kanji

掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '掛ける (かける)' has multiple meanings depending on the context. One primary meaning is 'to hang' something, such as hanging a picture on a wall. For example: I will hang the picture「絵を掛けます」(えをかけます). Another meaning is 'to call' someone, typically used in the context of making a phone call. For example: I will call my friend「友達に電話を掛けます」(ともだちにでんわをかけます). The verb is versatile and can be used in various situations, so understanding the context is crucial for accurate usage.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

172

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Obtain

Reading

Kanji

得Acquire

Explanation

The Japanese verb '得る (える)' means 'to obtain' or 'to gain'. It is used to express the acquisition of something, whether it be a physical object, knowledge, or an abstract concept. This verb is often used in formal or written contexts. For example: He obtained valuable experience「彼は貴重な経験を得た」(かれはきちょうなけいけんをえた). It is also used in negative forms to indicate something that is difficult or impossible to obtain, as in '得られない (えない)' (cannot obtain). Note that '得る' can sometimes be used in a more abstract sense, such as gaining understanding or insight.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

177

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Visible

Reading

Kanji

見See

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見える (みえる)' primarily means 'to be visible' or 'can be seen'. It is used to describe something that is within the range of vision or can be perceived by the eyes. This verb often implies that the subject is naturally visible without any particular effort. For example: The mountain is visible from here「ここから山が見える」(ここからやまがみえる). Additionally, '見える' can also be used to express the idea of 'seeming' or 'appearing' in a certain way, often based on visual perception. For example: She seems happy「彼女は幸せそうに見える」(かのじょはしあわせそうにみえる). It's important to note that '見える' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object, unlike its transitive counterpart '見る (みる)' which means 'to see'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

188

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '未だ (まだ)' primarily means 'still' and is used to indicate that a situation or condition continues unchanged. It often implies that something expected has not yet happened or that a previous state persists. For example: I am still waiting「まだ待っています」(まだまっています). He still hasn't arrived「彼はまだ到着していない」(かれはまだとうちゃくしていない). Additionally, 'まだ' can be used to express that something is 'not yet' the case, often with a sense of anticipation or incompleteness. For example: The movie hasn't started yet「映画はまだ始まっていない」(えいがはまだはじまっていない). It's important to note that 'まだ' is often used in negative sentences to emphasize that something has not occurred or been completed.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

191

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Put in, Include

Reading

Kanji

入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '入れる (いれる)' primarily means 'to put in' or 'to include'. It is used when placing something into a container, space, or group. For example: Please put the book in the bag「本をカバンに入れてください」(ほんをかばんにいれてください). This verb can also mean 'to include' someone or something in a list or group. For example: We included him in the team「彼をチームに入れました」(かれをチームにいれました). The nuance of '入れる' often implies an action of adding or inserting something into a specific place or context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

196

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

A little

Reading

Kanji

少Few

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '少し (すこし)' means 'a little' or 'a bit'. It is used to indicate a small quantity, degree, or extent of something. This word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts, such as time, amount, or degree. For example: I have a little time「少し時間があります」(すこしじかんがあります). Please wait a little longer「もう少し待ってください」(もうすこしまってください). It can also be used to soften requests or statements, making them sound more polite. Note that '少し' is often used in everyday conversation and is considered neutral in tone.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

204

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receive, Undergo

Reading

Kanji

受Accept

Explanation

The Japanese verb '受ける (うける)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to receive', which can refer to receiving objects, messages, or even abstract things like attention or treatment. For example: I received a gift「プレゼントを受けた」(ぷれぜんとをうけた). The second meaning is 'to undergo', often used in contexts like taking a test or experiencing something. For example: I took an exam「試験を受けた」(しけんをうけた). The verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, but its core meanings revolve around receiving or experiencing something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

205

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

High, Expensive

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '高い (たかい)' has two primary meanings: 'high' and 'expensive'. When used to mean 'high', it describes something that is elevated in position or degree, such as a mountain or a level of skill. For example: The mountain is high「山が高い」(やまがたかい). When used to mean 'expensive', it refers to something that costs a lot of money. For example: This bag is expensive「このバッグは高い」(このバッグはたかい). The context in which '高い' is used will determine its meaning, so it's important to pay attention to the surrounding words and sentences.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

208

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drink

Reading

Kanji

飲Drink 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '飲み物 (のみもの)' means 'drink'. It refers to any beverage that can be consumed, such as water, tea, coffee, or juice. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing what to drink or offering someone a beverage. For example: What would you like to drink?「何か飲み物はいかがですか？」(なにかのみものはいかがですか). I bought some drinks at the store「店で飲み物を買いました」(みせでのみものをかいました). It's important to note that '飲み物' is a general term and can refer to both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

211

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attach, Follow

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '付く (つく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to attach' or 'to stick to', referring to something physically adhering to another object. For example: the sticker sticks to the wall「シールが壁に付く」(シールがかべにつく). The second meaning is 'to follow' or 'to accompany', often used when someone or something follows another person or object. For example: the dog follows its owner「犬が飼い主に付く」(いぬがかいぬしにつく). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as relationships, physical attachment, or even abstract concepts like ideas or trends.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

212

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Big

Reading

Kanji

大Big

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '大きい (おおきい)' means 'big'. It is used to describe something that has a relatively large size or volume. This adjective can be applied to physical objects, spaces, or even abstract concepts like influence or importance. For example: This house is big「この家は大きい」(このいえはおおきい). His dream is big「彼の夢は大きい」(かれのゆめはおおきい). When modifying a noun, it is often used as '大きい家 (おおきいいえ) (big house)'. Note that '大きい' is commonly used in everyday conversation, while '大きな (おおきな)' is a more literary or formal alternative.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

215

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not much

Reading

Kanji

余Excess

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '余り (あまり)' is used to indicate that something is 'not much' or 'not very' in terms of degree or frequency. It is often used in negative sentences to express that something does not happen often or to a great extent. For example: I don't eat sushi much「私は寿司をあまり食べません」(わたしはすしをあまりたべません). He is not very tall「彼はあまり背が高くない」(かれはあまりせがたかくない). It can also be used in positive sentences to mean 'too much' or 'excessively', but this usage is less common and typically requires additional context to clarify the meaning.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

217

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Differ, Be wrong

Reading

Kanji

違Differ, Different

Explanation

The Japanese verb '違う (ちがう)' primarily means 'to differ' or 'to be different'. It is used to indicate that something is not the same as something else. For example: Our opinions differ「私たちの意見は違う」(わたしたちのいけんはちがう). Additionally, '違う' can also mean 'to be wrong' or 'to be incorrect'. For example: You are wrong「あなたは違う」(あなたはちがう). This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation to point out differences or to correct someone. It is important to note that '違う' is often used in negative sentences to indicate that something is not the case, as in 'それは違う (それはちがう) (That is not the case)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

220

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Start

Reading

Kanji

始Begin

Explanation

The Japanese verb '始める (はじめる)' means 'to start' or 'to begin'. It is used to indicate the beginning of an action, event, or process. This verb is often paired with another verb in its stem form to express starting to do something, such as '食べ始める (たべはじめる)' (to start eating). For example: I started studying Japanese「日本語を勉強し始めた」(にほんごをべんきょうしはじめた). She began to cry「彼女は泣き始めた」(かのじょはなきはじめた). The verb can also stand alone to indicate the start of something, like 'The meeting started「会議が始まった」(かいぎがはじまった)'. Note that '始める' is a transitive verb, so it often takes a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

221

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Call

Reading

Kanji

呼Invite, Call

Explanation

The Japanese verb '呼ぶ (よぶ)' primarily means 'to call'. It can be used in various contexts, such as calling someone's name, summoning someone, or inviting someone. For example: I called my friend「友達を呼んだ」(ともだちをよんだ). Please call the doctor「医者を呼んでください」(いしゃをよんでください). Additionally, '呼ぶ' can also mean 'to refer to' or 'to be called' in certain contexts, such as naming or labeling something. For example: This is called sushi「これは寿司と呼ばれます」(これはすしとよばれます). The verb is versatile and widely used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

222

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Give, Raise

Reading

Kanji

上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '上げる (あげる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to raise' or 'to lift up', which can refer to physically lifting something or increasing something like a price or status. For example: I raised my hand「手を上げた」(てをあげた). The second meaning is 'to give', often used when the giver is of equal or lower status than the receiver, or when the act of giving is done humbly. For example: I gave her a present「彼女にプレゼントを上げた」(かのじょにぷれぜんとをあげた). Note that '上げる' is often used in its te-form 'あげて' to indicate doing something for someone else, as in 'I'll do it for you「やってあげる」(やってあげる)'. The verb is versatile and context-dependent, so pay attention to the situation in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

225

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pass, Exceed

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese verb '過ぎる (すぎる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to exceed' or 'to go beyond', often used to indicate that something has surpassed a certain limit or expectation. For example: The time has exceeded 10 minutes「時間が10分過ぎた」(じかんがじゅっぷんすぎた). The second meaning is 'to pass', as in time or a location. For example: The train has already passed the station「電車はもう駅を過ぎた」(でんしゃはもうえきをすぎた). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as 'to pass by' in terms of time: The summer has passed「夏が過ぎた」(なつがすぎた). The verb is often used in combination with other words to form compound verbs, such as '飲み過ぎる (のみすぎる)' meaning 'to drink too much'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

234

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bad

Reading

Kanji

悪Evil

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '悪い (わるい)' primarily means 'bad'. It is used to describe something that is of poor quality, harmful, or undesirable. It can also imply guilt or wrongdoing. For example: This is bad news「これは悪いニュースです」(これはわるいニュースです). I feel bad about lying「嘘をついて悪いと思っている」(うそをついてわるいとおもっている). Additionally, '悪い' can be used in polite expressions to apologize or express inconvenience, such as 'ごめん、悪いね' (ごめん、わるいね) meaning 'Sorry, my bad.'

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

237

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Immediately

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '直ぐ (すぐ)' means 'immediately' or 'right away'. It is used to indicate that something happens without delay or very soon after a certain point in time. This word can also imply physical proximity, meaning 'nearby' or 'close by', depending on the context. For example: I will come immediately「すぐ行きます」(すぐいきます). The station is nearby「駅はすぐそこです」(えきはすぐそこです). It's important to note that 'すぐ' can be used in both temporal and spatial contexts, making it a versatile adverb in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

239

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Really

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '本当に (ほんとうに)' means 'really'. It is used to emphasize the truth or sincerity of a statement, often expressing surprise, confirmation, or strong emotion. It can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: I really like this「これは本当に好きです」(これはほんとうにすきです). Is it really true?「それは本当に本当ですか？」(それはほんとうにほんとうですか？). It can also be used to express gratitude or apology sincerely, as in '本当にありがとう (ほんとうにありがとう) (Thank you very much)' or '本当にごめんなさい (ほんとうにごめんなさい) (I'm really sorry)'. The nuance is often one of genuine feeling or authenticity.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

241

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Big

Reading

Kanji

大Big

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '大きな (おおきな)' means 'big' and is used to describe something of large size or significance. Unlike the adjective '大きい (おおきい)', '大きな' is a pre-noun adjectival (連体詞) and can only be used directly before a noun. It often carries a slightly more subjective or emotional nuance, emphasizing the impression of size rather than just physical dimensions. For example: a big tree「大きな木」(おおきなき). A big dream「大きな夢」(おおきなゆめ). Note that '大きな' cannot be used at the end of a sentence, unlike '大きい'.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

245

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feel

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese verb '感ずる (かんずる)' means 'to feel' or 'to sense'. It is often used to describe a strong emotional or intuitive response to something. This verb is more formal and literary compared to its more common counterpart '感じる (かんじる)'. It can be used in various contexts, such as feeling emotions, sensing danger, or perceiving a change. Example sentences: I feel a sense of danger「危険を感ずる」(きけんをかんずる). She felt a deep sadness「彼女は深い悲しみを感ずる」(かのじょはふかいかなしみをかんずる). Note that '感ずる' is often used in written language or formal speech.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

246

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continue

Reading

Kanji

続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verb '続ける (つづける)' means 'to continue'. It is used to indicate the ongoing action of something, whether it be an activity, a state, or a process. This verb is often used in conjunction with other verbs to express the continuation of an action, such as '勉強を続ける (べんきょうをつづける)' which means 'to continue studying'. Example sentences include: I will continue to study Japanese「私は日本語を勉強し続けます」(わたしはにほんごをべんきょうしつづけます). He continued to run despite being tired「彼は疲れていたが走り続けた」(かれはつかれていたがはしりつづけた). The verb can also be used in its te-form to connect actions, such as '食べ続けて (たべつづけて)' meaning 'continuing to eat'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

248

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Way, Street

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese noun '通り (とおり)' can mean 'street' or 'way'. When referring to 'street', it describes a physical road or path, such as in the sentence: I walked down the street「通りを歩いた」(とおりをあるいた). When referring to 'way', it can describe a method, manner, or style of doing something, as in: That's the way to do it「それがやり方の通りだ」(それがやりかたのとおりだ). The word can also imply conformity or accordance, as in: according to the plan「計画通りに」(けいかくとおりに). The context often determines which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

249

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Which

Reading

Kanji

何What

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '何の (どの)' is used to ask about or specify a particular item or choice from a group. It translates to 'which' in English and is commonly used when selecting or inquiring about something specific. For example: Which book do you want?「どの本が欲しいですか？」(どのほんがほしいですか？). Which train are you taking?「どの電車に乗りますか？」(どのでんしゃにのりますか？). It is important to note that '何の (どの)' is often followed by a noun, as in 'どの本 (どのほん) (which book)' or 'どの電車 (どのでんしゃ) (which train)'.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

250

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eat

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese verb '食べる (たべる)' means 'to eat'. It is a common verb used to describe the action of consuming food. This verb is often used in daily conversations and can be conjugated to fit different tenses and levels of politeness. For example: I eat breakfast every morning「私は毎朝朝食を食べる」(わたしはまいあさちょうしょくをたべる). She is eating sushi now「彼女は今寿司を食べている」(かのじょはいますしをたべている). The verb '食べる' can also be used in various expressions and idiomatic phrases, making it a versatile and essential verb in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

251

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strong

Reading

Kanji

強Strong

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '強い (つよい)' means 'strong'. It is used to describe physical strength, intensity, or resilience. It can also describe someone's character, willpower, or even flavors and sensations. For example: He is strong「彼は強い」(かれはつよい). This coffee is strong「このコーヒーは強い」(このコーヒーはつよい). The wind is strong today「今日は風が強い」(きょうはかぜがつよい). Additionally, it can be used metaphorically, such as in '強い意志 (つよいいし) (strong will)' or '強い味 (つよいあじ) (strong flavor)'. Note that the adjective can also imply toughness or durability, as in '強い素材 (つよいそざい) (durable material)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

253

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still, As expected

Reading

Kanji

矢Arrow 張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '矢張り (やはり)' can mean 'still' or 'as expected'. It is often used to express that something remains unchanged or that a situation has turned out as one anticipated. This word can convey a sense of inevitability or confirmation of one's expectations. For example: I thought it would rain, and sure enough, it did「雨が降ると思ったら、やはり降った」(あめがふるとおもったら、やはりふった). Even after all these years, he is still the same「何年たっても、彼はやはり変わらない」(なんねんたっても、かれはやはりかわらない). '矢張り' is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to emphasize that something is consistent with what was previously thought or known.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

256

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take, Hang

Reading

Kanji

掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '掛かる (かかる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to hang', as in something being suspended or attached to something else. For example: a picture is hanging on the wall「壁に絵が掛かっている」(かべにえがかかっている). The second meaning is 'to take' (time, money, or effort), often used to describe the amount of time or resources required for something. For example: it takes 2 hours「2時間掛かる」(にじかんかかる). The verb is versatile and context-dependent, so pay attention to the surrounding words to determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

263

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rewrite

Reading

Kanji

書Write 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese verb '書き直す (かきなおす)' means 'to rewrite'. This verb is used when someone wants to write something again, either to correct mistakes, improve the content, or change the format. It is commonly used in contexts like editing documents, revising essays, or reworking creative writing. For example: I will rewrite the letter「手紙を書き直します」(てがみをかきなおします). He rewrote the entire report「彼はレポート全体を書き直した」(かれはレポートぜんたいをかきなおした). The verb combines '書く (かく)' (to write) and '直す (なおす)' (to fix or redo), emphasizing the act of writing something again with improvements or corrections.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

266

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

First

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '先ず (まず)' means 'first' or 'to begin with'. It is commonly used to indicate the first step in a sequence of actions or to introduce the primary point in a discussion. This word is often used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: First, let's clean the room「まず、部屋を掃除しましょう」(まず、へやをそうじしましょう). First of all, I want to thank everyone「まず、皆さんに感謝したいです」(まず、みなさんにかんしゃしたいです). It can also imply a sense of priority or importance, as in 'First, we need to address this issue'「まず、この問題に対処する必要があります」(まず、このもんだいにたいしょするひつようがあります).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

267

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese verb '変わる (かわる)' means 'to change'. It is used to describe a transformation or alteration in state, condition, or nature. This verb can be applied to a wide range of contexts, from physical changes to abstract shifts. For example: The weather changed suddenly「天気が急に変わった」(てんきがきゅうにかわった). Her attitude changed completely「彼女の態度が完全に変わった」(かのじょのたいどがかんぜんにかわった). It's important to note that '変わる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. To express the act of changing something, the transitive verb '変える (かえる)' is used instead.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

268

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

For example

Reading

Kanji

例Example

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '例えば (たとえば)' means 'for example'. It is used to introduce an example or a specific instance that illustrates a broader point. This word is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese to provide clarity or support an argument. For example: There are many fruits, for example, apples and oranges「果物はたくさんあります、例えば、りんごとオレンジ」(くだものはたくさんあります、たとえば、りんごとオレンジ). You can use this word to introduce examples in various contexts, such as explaining a concept, listing items, or making comparisons. It is a versatile and frequently used adverb in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

272

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Read

Reading

Kanji

読Read

Explanation

The Japanese verb '読む (よむ)' means 'to read'. It is used to describe the action of reading written or printed material, such as books, newspapers, or documents. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be applied to various contexts. For example: I read a book「本を読む」(ほんをよむ). He reads the newspaper every morning「彼は毎朝新聞を読む」(かれはまいあさしんぶんをよむ). Additionally, '読む' can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to interpret' or 'to understand' something, such as reading someone's emotions or intentions. For example: She can read people's feelings「彼女は人の気持ちを読むことができる」(かのじょはひとのきもちをよむことができる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

273

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Buy

Reading

Kanji

買Buy

Explanation

The Japanese verb '買う (かう)' means 'to buy'. It is used when purchasing goods or services. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as shopping, acquiring something, or even metaphorically to mean 'to incur' (e.g., trouble). For example: I bought a book「本を買った」(ほんをかった). She bought a new car「彼女は新しい車を買った」(かのじょはあたらしいくるまをかった). Note that '買う' is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the object being purchased.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

279

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

In short

Reading

Kanji

詰Stuff, Packed

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '詰まり (つまり)' is used to summarize or conclude a point, often translating to 'in short', 'in other words', or 'that is to say'. It is commonly used to rephrase or clarify a previous statement, making it easier to understand. For example: In short, he is busy「つまり、彼は忙しい」(つまり、かれはいそがしい). That is to say, we need to hurry「つまり、急ぐ必要がある」(つまり、いそぐひつようがある). It can also be used to indicate the essence or main point of something, as in 'The point is, we need to save money'「つまり、お金を節約する必要がある」(つまり、おかねをせつやくするひつようがある).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

280

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Father

Reading

Kanji

父Father

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お父さん (おとうさん)' means 'father'. It is a polite and affectionate term used to refer to one's own father or someone else's father. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and is more casual than the formal term '父 (ちち)'. For example: my father is kind「私のお父さんは優しい」(わたしのおとうさんはやさしい). Where is your father?「あなたのお父さんはどこですか？」(あなたのおとうさんはどこですか？). It is important to note that 'お父さん' is often used by children when addressing their father directly.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

281

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Few, Little

Reading

Kanji

少Few

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '少ない (すくない)' means 'few' or 'little', depending on the context. It is used to describe a small quantity or amount of something, whether countable or uncountable. This adjective is often used in everyday conversation to express scarcity or insufficiency. For example: There are few people in the park「公園に人が少ない」(こうえんにひとがすくない). I have little money「お金が少ない」(おかねがすくない). Note that '少ない' is typically used in negative contexts to indicate a lack of something, and it can be applied to both tangible and intangible things.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

282

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mother

Reading

Kanji

母Mother

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お母さん (おかあさん)' is a polite and affectionate term for 'mother'. It is commonly used by children when addressing or referring to their own mother, and it can also be used by adults in a respectful or endearing way. This term carries a warm and familial tone. For example: my mother is kind「私のお母さんは優しい」(わたしのおかあさんはやさしい). Mom, I'm home!「お母さん、ただいま！」(おかあさん、ただいま！). Note that 'お母さん' is more casual and personal compared to the formal term '母 (はは)', which is used when speaking about one's own mother to others.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

284

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Live

Reading

Kanji

生Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '生きる (いきる)' means 'to live'. It is used to describe the state of being alive, existing, or continuing life. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that remains active, relevant, or meaningful. For example: I want to live a long life「長く生きたい」(ながくいきたい). This tradition still lives on「この伝統はまだ生きている」(このでんとうはまだいきている). The verb can also imply making the most of life or living with purpose, as in '彼は自分の夢のために生きている (かれはじぶんのゆめのためにいきている) (He lives for his dreams).'

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

285

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feeling

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 持Hold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '気持ち (きもち)' primarily means 'feeling' or 'emotion'. It refers to one's emotional state, physical sensation, or even a sense of something. It is a versatile word used in various contexts, such as expressing emotions, physical comfort, or opinions. For example: I feel happy「気持ちがいい」(きもちがいい). This bed is comfortable「このベッドは気持ちがいい」(このベッドはきもちがいい). It can also express gratitude or goodwill, as in 'Thank you for your kind feelings'「気持ちをありがとう」(きもちをありがとう). Note that '気持ち' can sometimes imply a sense of physical comfort or discomfort, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

287

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Older sister

Reading

Kanji

姉Older sister

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お姉さん (おねえさん)' refers to an 'older sister'. It is a polite and respectful term used to address or refer to one's own older sister or someone else's older sister. It is commonly used in both family and social contexts. For example: My older sister is kind「私のお姉さんは優しい」(わたしのおねえさんはやさしい). Is that your older sister?「あの人はあなたのお姉さんですか？」(あのひとはあなたのおねえさんですか？). The term can also be used more broadly to address young women politely, similar to 'miss' in English, especially in customer service settings. For example: Excuse me, miss「すみません、お姉さん」(すみません、おねえさん).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

288

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Completely

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '全く (まったく)' means 'completely' or 'entirely'. It is often used to emphasize the degree or extent of something, either positively or negatively. For example: I completely forgot「全く忘れていた」(まったくわすれていた). It can also be used to express agreement or confirmation, similar to 'exactly' or 'absolutely'. For example: That's exactly right!「全くその通り！」(まったくそのとおり！). In negative contexts, it can mean 'not at all', as in: I don't understand at all「全く分からない」(まったくわからない). This adverb is versatile and commonly used in both casual and formal speech.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

289

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Older brother

Reading

Kanji

兄Older brother

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お兄さん (おにいさん)' is a polite term used to refer to an older brother. It is commonly used in both formal and informal settings. The term can also be used to address or refer to a young man in a respectful manner, even if he is not related to the speaker. For example: My older brother is kind「私のお兄さんは優しい」(わたしのおにいさんはやさしい). Excuse me, young man「すみません、お兄さん」(すみません、おにいさん). The term 'お兄さん' carries a sense of respect and affection, and it is often used by younger siblings or children when referring to their older brothers.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

293

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Long

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '長い (ながい)' means 'long'. It is used to describe something that has a great length or duration. This can refer to physical objects, such as a long rope, or abstract concepts, like a long time. For example: this rope is long「このロープは長い」(このロープはながい). The meeting was long「会議は長かった」(かいぎはながかった). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in '長い話 (ながいはなし)', meaning 'a long story'. Note that when modifying a noun, it is often used in the form '長い + noun', as in '長い道 (ながいみち) (long road)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

296

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cut, Turn off

Reading

Kanji

切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '切る (きる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to cut', which refers to physically cutting something, such as paper, food, or objects. For example: I cut the paper「紙を切る」(かみをきる). The second meaning is 'to turn off', which is used when referring to turning off devices, lights, or machinery. For example: Please turn off the light「電気を切ってください」(でんきをきってください). The verb is versatile and widely used in both literal and figurative contexts. It is important to note that the meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

297

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stand

Reading

Kanji

立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verb '立つ (たつ)' primarily means 'to stand'. It is used to describe the action of being in an upright position on one's feet. This verb can also be used in various contexts to indicate the start of something, such as an event or a situation. For example: I stood up「私は立った」(わたしはたった). The meeting will start soon「会議がすぐに立つ」(かいぎがすぐにたつ). Additionally, '立つ' can be used metaphorically to describe something becoming prominent or noticeable, as in 'a problem has arisen'「問題が立った」(もんだいがたった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

305

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

That

Reading

Kanji

彼Third person pronoun, He

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '彼の (あの)' means 'that' and is used to refer to something distant from both the speaker and the listener. It is often used to point out specific objects, people, or places that are not close to either party. For example: That book is interesting「あの本は面白い」(あのほんはおもしろい). That person is my teacher「あの人は私の先生です」(あのひとはわたしのせんせいです). Note that '彼の (あの)' is distinct from 'この (this)' and 'その (that near the listener)', as it specifically indicates something far from both the speaker and the listener.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

306

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting