Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Shake, Assign

Reading

Kanji

振Shake, Swing

Explanation

The Japanese verb '振る (ふる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to shake', which refers to physically moving something back and forth or up and down. For example: shake the bottle「瓶を振る」(びんをふる). The second meaning is 'to assign', which is used in contexts like assigning roles or tasks. For example: assign a role to someone「役割を振る」(やくわりをふる). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as shaking off a feeling or assigning blame. It's important to note the context in which '振る' is used to determine its meaning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

873

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Terrible

Reading

Kanji

酷Cruel, Severe

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '酷い (ひどい)' primarily means 'terrible' or 'awful'. It is used to describe something that is extremely bad, severe, or harsh. This word can be applied to situations, actions, or even weather conditions. For example: The weather is terrible today「今日の天気は酷い」(きょうのてんきはひどい). He said something terrible「彼は酷いことを言った」(かれはひどいことをいった). Additionally, '酷い' can also imply a sense of cruelty or unfairness, as in 'That was a cruel joke'「それは酷い冗談だった」(それはひどいじょうだんだった). The nuance of this word often conveys a strong negative emotion, so it is typically used in contexts where something is notably bad or distressing.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

877

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Old

Reading

Kanji

古Old

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '古い (ふるい)' means 'old'. It is used to describe something that has existed for a long time or is not new. This can refer to objects, traditions, or even ideas. For example: This book is old「この本は古い」(このほんはふるい). That temple is old「あの寺は古い」(あのてらはふるい). The word can also imply something is outdated or no longer in fashion, as in '古い考え (ふるいかんがえ) (old-fashioned idea)'. It is important to note that '古い' is used for inanimate objects or abstract concepts, while '年老いた (としおいた)' is used for living beings to describe old age.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

887

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Express, Reveal

Reading

Kanji

表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese verb '表わす (あらわす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to express,' which refers to conveying thoughts, feelings, or ideas through words, actions, or art. For example: She expressed her gratitude「彼女は感謝を表わした」(かのじょはかんしゃをあらわした). The second meaning is 'to reveal,' which refers to making something hidden or unknown visible or apparent. For example: The data revealed a surprising trend「データは驚くべき傾向を表わした」(データはおどろくべきけいこうをあらわした). This verb is often used in formal or written contexts and can be applied to abstract concepts like emotions, ideas, or truths.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

890

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pass, Persist

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verb '通す (とおす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to pass through' or 'to let something pass', often used in physical contexts like passing through a place or allowing something to go through a barrier. For example: I will pass through the gate「門を通します」(もんをとおします). The second meaning is 'to persist' or 'to carry through', used when someone insists on doing something despite opposition or difficulty. For example: He persisted in his opinion「彼は意見を通した」(かれはけんをとおした). The verb can also imply a sense of continuity or thoroughness, such as reading through a book completely「本を通して読む」(ほんをとおしてよむ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

893

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strength

Reading

Kanji

強Strong

Explanation

The Japanese noun '強さ (つよさ)' refers to 'strength'. This word is used to describe physical strength, emotional resilience, or the intensity of something. It can be applied to people, objects, or abstract concepts. For example: his strength is impressive「彼の強さは印象的だ」(かれのつよさはいんしょうてきだ). The strength of the wind is increasing「風の強さが増している」(かぜのつよさがふえている). This word is often used in contexts where the degree or level of strength is being discussed, such as in sports, weather, or personal qualities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

897

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Completely

Reading

Kanji

丸Round

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '丸で (まるで)' means 'completely' or 'entirely'. It is often used to emphasize that something is wholly or utterly a certain way, often in a figurative sense. It can also be used to draw comparisons, similar to the English phrase 'just like'. For example: It's completely different「丸で違う」(まるでちがう). It's just like a dream「丸で夢のようだ」(まるでゆめのようだ). The word can carry a nuance of surprise or exaggeration, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

898

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drawer

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '引き出し (ひきだし)' primarily means 'drawer', referring to a sliding container in furniture like desks or cabinets. It can also metaphorically describe a person's range of knowledge or ideas, akin to 'drawing from one's experiences'. Example sentences: Please put the documents in the drawer「書類を引き出しに入れてください」(しょるいをひきだしにいれてください). He has a wide range of ideas in his mental drawer「彼は頭の中に広い引き出しを持っている」(かれはあたまのなかにひろいひきだしをもっている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

900

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Closet

Reading

Kanji

押Push, Press down 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '押し入れ (おしいれ)' refers to a traditional Japanese closet or storage space, typically found in homes. It is a built-in closet used for storing futons, blankets, and other household items. The 押し入れ is usually a deep, sliding-door closet found in tatami rooms. Example sentences: Please put the futon in the closet「布団を押し入れに入れてください」(ふとんをおしいれにいれてください). The closet is full「押し入れがいっぱいです」(おしいれがいっぱいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

902

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheap

Reading

Kanji

安Cheap, Relax

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '安い (やすい)' primarily means 'cheap' or 'inexpensive'. It is used to describe something that has a low cost or price. This word can be applied to objects, services, or even abstract concepts like 'cheap feelings'. For example: This bag is cheap「このバッグは安い」(このバッグはやすい). The hotel was inexpensive「そのホテルは安かった」(そのホテルはやすかった). It can also imply something is of low quality when used in certain contexts, such as '安い笑い (やすいわらい)' meaning 'cheap laughter'. However, the primary meaning remains related to low cost.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

905

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Do

Reading

Kanji

致Doth, Do humbly

Explanation

The Japanese verb '致す (いたす)' is a humble form of 'する (to do)'. It is used to express actions in a polite and respectful manner, often when referring to oneself or one's own actions in relation to others. This verb is commonly used in formal situations, business settings, or when speaking to someone of higher status. For example: I will do my best「精一杯致します」(せいいっぱいいたします). I apologize for the inconvenience「ご迷惑をおかけ致します」(ごめいわくをおかけいたします). Note that '致す' is often used in set phrases and expressions, such as 'お願い致します (おねがいいたします) (I humbly request)' or '失礼致します (しつれいいたします) (Excuse me/I'm leaving).'

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

906

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Based

Reading

Kanji

基Base, Fundation

Explanation

The Japanese verb '基づく (もとづく)' means 'to be based on' or 'to be grounded in'. It is used to indicate that something is founded on or derived from a particular source, principle, or fact. This verb is often used in formal or academic contexts. For example: This theory is based on solid evidence「この理論は確かな証拠に基づいている」(このりろんはたしかなしょうこにもとづいている). The decision was based on careful consideration「その決定は慎重な考慮に基づいていた」(そのけっていはしんちょうなこうりょにもとづいていた). Note that '基づく' is typically followed by the particle 'に' to indicate the basis or source.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

910

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Movement

Reading

Kanji

動Move

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動き (うごき)' primarily means 'movement'. It refers to the act or process of moving or changing position. This word can be used in various contexts, such as physical movement, changes in a situation, or trends in society. For example: The movement of the leaves was beautiful「葉の動きが美しかった」(はのうごきがうつくしかった). There's a movement towards healthier eating「健康的な食事への動きがある」(けんこうてきなしょくじへのうごきがある). It's also commonly used in phrases like '社会の動き (しゃかいのうごき)' which means 'trends in society'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

913

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thought, Idea

Reading

Kanji

考Think, Consider

Explanation

The Japanese noun '考え (かんがえ)' refers to a 'thought' or 'idea'. It is used to describe the process of thinking or the result of that process, such as a concept or opinion. This word is often used in contexts where someone is expressing their thoughts or ideas about a particular topic. For example: His thoughts are always deep「彼の考えはいつも深い」(かれのかんがえはいつもふかい). I have a new idea「新しい考えがあります」(あたらしいかんがえがあります). It can also be used in phrases like '考えを変える (かんがえをかえる)' which means 'to change one's mind'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

915

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disappear

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '消える (きえる)' means 'to disappear' or 'to vanish'. It is used to describe something that ceases to exist or be visible. This verb can be applied to physical objects, lights, sounds, or even abstract concepts like feelings or problems. For example: the light disappeared「明かりが消えた」(あかりがきえた). My worries vanished「私の悩みが消えた」(わたしのなやみがきえた). It can also be used to describe something being turned off, such as a light or a device: the TV turned off「テレビが消えた」(テレビがきえた). Note that '消える' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

917

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Probably

Reading

Kanji

恐Fear

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '恐らく (おそらく)' means 'probably' and is used to express a high degree of likelihood or assumption about something. It is often used in formal or written contexts to indicate that the speaker believes something is true but is not entirely certain. For example: He will probably come tomorrow「彼は恐らく明日来るでしょう」(かれはおそらくあしたくるでしょう). It will probably rain「恐らく雨が降るでしょう」(おそらくあめがふるでしょう). This word conveys a sense of cautious certainty and is commonly used in predictions or when making educated guesses.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

919

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inquire, Ask

Reading

Kanji

尋Inquire

Explanation

The Japanese verb '尋ねる (たずねる)' primarily means 'to ask' or 'to inquire'. It is used when someone is seeking information or clarification about something. This verb can be used in both formal and informal contexts, but it often carries a slightly more formal or polite nuance compared to '聞く (きく)', which also means 'to ask'. For example: I asked the teacher a question「先生に質問を尋ねた」(せんせいにしつもんをたずねた). He inquired about the meeting time「彼は会議の時間を尋ねた」(かれはかいぎのじかんをたずねた). Additionally, '尋ねる' can also mean 'to visit' or 'to call on someone', though this usage is less common and typically more formal. For example: She visited her friend's house「彼女は友達の家を尋ねた」(かのじょはともだちのいえをたずねた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

924

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Find

Reading

Kanji

見See 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見付ける (みつける)' means 'to find' or 'to discover'. It is used when someone locates something that was previously lost, hidden, or unknown. This verb can be applied to both physical objects and abstract concepts. For example: I found my keys「鍵を見付けた」(かぎをみつけた). She found a solution to the problem「彼女は問題の解決策を見付けた」(かのじょはもんだいのかいけつさくをみつけた). The verb can also imply a sense of effort or searching, as in 'I finally found the book I was looking for'「やっと探していた本を見付けた」(やっとさがしていたほんをみつけた). Note that '見付ける' is often used in casual conversation and can sometimes be written in hiragana as 'みつける'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

944

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delicious

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 味Flavor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '美味しい (おいしい)' means 'delicious'. It is used to describe food or drink that tastes very good. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to express enjoyment of a meal. For example: This cake is delicious「このケーキは美味しい」(このケーキはおいしい). The sushi at this restaurant is delicious「このレストランの寿司は美味しい」(このレストランのすしはおいしい). '美味しい' can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is very pleasing or enjoyable, such as a deal or opportunity.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

947

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correct

Reading

Kanji

正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '正しい (ただしい)' means 'correct' or 'right'. It is used to describe something that is accurate, proper, or morally right. This word can be applied to facts, actions, behavior, or judgments. For example: His answer is correct「彼の答えは正しい」(かれのこたえはただしい). It is important to act in a morally right way「正しい行動をとることが大切だ」(ただしいこうどうをとることがたいせつだ). The word can also imply fairness or justice, as in '正しい社会 (ただしいしゃかい) (a just society)'. Note that '正しい' is often used in formal or serious contexts to emphasize correctness or righteousness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

948

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Touch

Reading

Kanji

触Touch, Contact

Explanation

The Japanese verb '触れる (ふれる)' primarily means 'to touch' or 'to come into contact with'. It can be used both literally and figuratively. In its literal sense, it refers to physical contact, such as touching an object or surface. For example: Please do not touch the painting「絵に触れないでください」(えにふれないでください). In a figurative sense, it can mean to touch upon a topic or subject, as in: The speaker touched on an important issue「スピーカーは重要な問題に触れた」(スピーカーはじゅうようなもんだいにふれた). Additionally, '触れる' can also imply a brief or light touch, often suggesting a delicate or careful interaction. For example: The wind gently touched my face「風が私の顔に優しく触れた」(かぜがわたしのかおにやさしくふれた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

950

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Again

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '再び (ふたたび)' means 'again'. It is used to indicate that something is happening once more or returning to a previous state. This word often carries a slightly formal or literary tone and is commonly used in written language or formal speech. For example: He will try again「彼は再び挑戦する」(かれはふたたびちょうせんする). The leaves turned green again「葉は再び緑になった」(ははふたたびみどりになった). Note that '再び' is often used to describe events or actions that repeat after a significant interval or pause, emphasizing the recurrence of the situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

952

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pay, Sweep

Reading

Kanji

払Pay, Drive away

Explanation

The Japanese verb '払う (はらう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to pay,' which refers to giving money in exchange for goods or services. For example: I paid the bill「請求書を払った」(せいきゅうしょをはらった). The second meaning is 'to sweep,' which refers to the action of cleaning a surface by brushing away dirt or debris. For example: She swept the floor「彼女は床を払った」(かのじょはゆかをはらった). The context in which this verb is used will determine its meaning, so it's important to pay attention to the surrounding words and phrases.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

965

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Play

Reading

Kanji

遊Play

Explanation

The Japanese verb '遊ぶ (あそぶ)' means 'to play'. It is commonly used to describe engaging in recreational activities, games, or spending leisure time. This verb can be used for children playing, adults enjoying hobbies, or even animals playing. For example: The children are playing in the park「子供たちは公園で遊んでいる」(こどもたちはこうえんであそんでいる). I like to play video games「私はゲームで遊ぶのが好きです」(わたしはゲームであそぶのがすきです). Note that '遊ぶ' can also imply spending time idly or not working, as in 'He is just playing around and not studying'「彼は遊んでいて勉強していない」(かれはあそんでいてべんきょうしていない).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

967

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Request, Ask

Reading

Kanji

頼Ask, Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verb '頼む (たのむ)' primarily means 'to ask' or 'to request'. It is used when someone is asking for a favor, help, or a service from another person. The nuance is often polite but can vary depending on the context and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. For example: Please help me「手伝ってくださいと頼む」(てつだってくださいとたのむ). I asked him to buy some bread「彼にパンを買ってくるように頼んだ」(かれにパンをかってくるようにたのんだ). It can also imply trust or reliance on someone, as in 'I rely on you'「君を頼む」(きみをたのむ). The verb is versatile and commonly used in everyday conversations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

969

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alarm clock

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 覚Remember, Awake 時Time, Hour 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目覚まし時計 (めざましどけい)' refers to an 'alarm clock', a device used to wake someone up at a specific time. It is commonly used in daily life to ensure punctuality. For example: I set the alarm clock for 7 AM「目覚まし時計を7時にセットした」(めざましどけいをしちじにセットした). The alarm clock didn't ring this morning「今朝、目覚まし時計が鳴らなかった」(けさ、めざましどけいがならなかった). This word is a compound of '目覚まし (めざまし)', meaning 'waking up', and '時計 (とけい)', meaning 'clock'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

971

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detailed

Reading

Kanji

詳Detailed

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '詳しい (くわしい)' means 'detailed' or 'well-informed'. It is used to describe someone who has extensive knowledge about a particular subject or something that is explained or described in great detail. For example: He is knowledgeable about history「彼は歴史に詳しい」(かれはれきしにくわしい). This report is very detailed「このレポートはとても詳しい」(このレポートはとてもくわしい). The adjective can also imply familiarity or expertise in a specific area, making it a useful term for describing both people and information.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

976

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subtraction

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '引き算 (ひきざん)' refers to the mathematical operation of subtraction. It is commonly used in educational contexts, such as in math classes or when explaining basic arithmetic. For example: I am practicing subtraction「引き算を練習しています」(ひきざんをれんしゅうしています). Subtraction is easier than addition「引き算は足し算より簡単です」(ひきざんはたしざんよりかんたんです). This term is often used alongside other arithmetic operations like '足し算 (たしざん) (addition)' and '掛け算 (かけざん) (multiplication)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

977

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Persist

Reading

Kanji

頑Stubborn 張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '頑張る (がんばる)' means 'to persist' or 'to do one's best'. It is commonly used to encourage someone to keep trying or to put in effort. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as work, studies, sports, or personal challenges. For example: I will do my best at work「仕事で頑張ります」(しごとでがんばります). Please do your best in the exam「試験で頑張ってください」(しけんでがんばってください). It's important to note that '頑張る' can also be used to express encouragement or support, as in '頑張って！ (がんばって！) (Do your best!)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

979

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addition

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '足し算 (たしざん)' refers to the mathematical operation of addition. It is used to describe the process of adding numbers together to find their total. This term is commonly used in educational settings, such as in math classes or when teaching children basic arithmetic. For example: Let's do addition「足し算をしましょう」(たしざんをしましょう). I am good at addition「私は足し算が得意です」(わたしはたしざんがとくいです). The term can also be used in everyday contexts when discussing calculations or sums.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

980

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Embrace

Reading

Kanji

抱Hug, Embrace

Explanation

The Japanese verb '抱く (いだく)' primarily means 'to embrace' or 'to hold in one's arms'. It can also metaphorically mean 'to harbor' feelings or thoughts, such as hopes or suspicions. This verb is often used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: She embraced her child「彼女は子供を抱いた」(かのじょはこどもをいだいた). He harbors a deep love for her「彼は彼女に深い愛を抱いている」(かれはかのじょにふかいあいをいだいている). Note that '抱く' can also be read as 'だく' with a slightly different nuance, often implying a more physical or intimate embrace.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

986

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Division

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 算Calculate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '割り算 (わりざん)' refers to the mathematical operation of division. It is commonly used in educational contexts, such as in math classes or when explaining arithmetic operations. For example: I learned division in school today「今日学校で割り算を習った」(きょうがっこうでわりざんをならった). Division is harder than multiplication「割り算は掛け算より難しい」(わりざんはかけざんよりむずかしい). This term is often used alongside other arithmetic operations like addition (足し算, たしざん), subtraction (引き算, ひきざん), and multiplication (掛け算, かけざん).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

987

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intense, Violent

Reading

Kanji

激Violent, Fierce

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '激しい (はげしい)' primarily means 'intense' or 'violent'. It is used to describe situations, emotions, or actions that are extreme in nature. For example: The storm was intense「嵐が激しかった」(あらしがはげしかった). He has a violent temper「彼は激しい気性だ」(かれははげしいきしょうだ). This word can also describe something that is severe or fierce, such as competition or pain. For instance: The competition is fierce「競争が激しい」(きょうそうがはげしい). The pain was severe「痛みが激しかった」(いたみがはげしかった). It is important to note that '激しい' can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

992

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enjoy

Reading

Kanji

楽Music, Pleasure

Explanation

The Japanese verb '楽しむ (たのしむ)' means 'to enjoy'. It is used to express the act of taking pleasure in something, whether it be an activity, event, or experience. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as enjoying a hobby, a meal, or a moment. For example: I enjoy reading books「私は本を読むのを楽しむ」(わたしはほんをよむのをたのしむ). They enjoyed the party「彼らはパーティーを楽しんだ」(かれらはパーティーをたのしんだ). It can also imply looking forward to something with pleasure, as in 'I am looking forward to the trip'「旅行を楽しみにしている」(りょこうをたのしみにしている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

993

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lend

Reading

Kanji

貸Lend, Loan 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '貸し出す (かしだす)' means 'to lend' or 'to loan out'. It is commonly used in contexts where something is being temporarily given to someone else, such as books from a library, tools, or other items. For example: The library lends books「図書館は本を貸し出す」(としょかんはほんをかしだす). I lent my friend a bicycle「友達に自転車を貸し出した」(ともだちにじてんしゃをかしだした). This verb is often used in formal or institutional settings, such as libraries, rental services, or businesses.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

995

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Apply

Reading

Kanji

申Report 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '申し込む (もうしこむ)' primarily means 'to apply' or 'to make a formal request'. It is commonly used in contexts where someone is applying for a service, membership, or event. For example: I applied for the job「その仕事に申し込んだ」(そのしごとにもうしこんだ). She applied for the course「彼女はそのコースに申し込んだ」(かのじょはそのコースにもうしこんだ). Additionally, it can also mean 'to propose' or 'to offer', such as in a marriage proposal. For example: He proposed to her「彼は彼女に結婚を申し込んだ」(かれはかのじょにけっこんをもうしこんだ). This verb is often used in formal or business settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

996

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenly

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '急に (きゅうに)' means 'suddenly'. It is used to describe an action or event that happens abruptly or without warning. This adverb is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese to convey a sense of immediacy or unexpectedness. For example: He suddenly stood up「彼は急に立ち上がった」(かれはきゅうにたちあがった). The weather suddenly changed「天気が急に変わった」(てんきがきゅうにかわった). It can also be used to describe a sudden change in emotion or state, such as '急に悲しくなった (きゅうにかなしくなった)' (suddenly became sad).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1000

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flow

Reading

Kanji

流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '流れる (ながれる)' means 'to flow'. It is commonly used to describe the movement of liquids, such as water in a river, but can also be used metaphorically to describe the passage of time, the movement of air, or even abstract concepts like emotions. For example: The river flows「川が流れる」(かわがながれる). Time flows quickly「時間が流れるのは早い」(じかんがながれるのははやい). The wind flows through the trees「風が木々の間を流れる」(かぜがきぎのあいだをながれる). This verb is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1004

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sellout

Reading

Kanji

売Sell 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '売り切れる (うりきれる)' means 'to sell out' or 'to be sold out'. This verb is used to describe a situation where all items of a particular product have been sold and none remain in stock. It is commonly used in retail and shopping contexts. For example: The concert tickets sold out quickly「コンサートのチケットはすぐに売り切れた」(コンサートのチケットはすぐにうりきれた). The new smartphone model has already sold out「新しいスマートフォンのモデルはもう売り切れている」(あたらしいスマートフォンのモデルはもううりきれている). It's important to note that this verb is often used in its past tense form to indicate that something has already sold out.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1007

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sold out

Reading

Kanji

売Sell 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese noun '売り切れ (うりきれ)' means 'sold out'. It is used to indicate that all items of a particular product have been sold and are no longer available. This term is commonly seen in retail, online shopping, and event ticketing contexts. For example: The concert tickets are sold out「コンサートのチケットは売り切れです」(コンサートのチケットはうりきれです). The new smartphone model is already sold out「新しいスマートフォンのモデルはもう売り切れです」(あたらしいスマートフォンのモデルはもううりきれです). It is important to note that '売り切れ' is often used in formal and informal settings alike, and it can be combined with other words to specify what is sold out, such as '売り切れ商品 (うりきれしょうひん)' meaning 'sold-out product'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1009

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mistake

Reading

Kanji

間Interval, Space 違Differ, Different

Explanation

The Japanese noun '間違い (まちがい)' means 'mistake' or 'error'. It refers to something that is incorrect or done wrongly. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to acknowledge or point out errors. For example: That is a mistake「それは間違いです」(それはまちがいです). I made a mistake「間違いをしました」(まちがいをしました). It can also be used in compound phrases like '間違い電話 (まちがいでんわ)' which means 'wrong number call'. The word carries a neutral tone and is often used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1010

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scary

Reading

Kanji

怖Fearful, Dreadful

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '怖い (こわい)' means 'scary' or 'frightening'. It is used to describe something that causes fear or unease. This can apply to situations, objects, or even people. For example: That movie was scary「あの映画は怖かった」(あのえいがはこわかった). I'm scared of ghosts「幽霊が怖い」(ゆうれいがこわい). The adjective can also express a sense of dread or anxiety, as in 'I'm scared of failing the test (テストに落ちるのが怖い) (テストにおちるのがこわい)'. Note that '怖い' is often used in casual conversation to describe something that is unsettling or intimidating.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1019

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discard

Reading

Kanji

捨Abandon, Discard

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捨てる (すてる)' means 'to discard' or 'to throw away'. It is used when getting rid of something that is no longer needed or wanted. This verb can be applied to physical objects, as well as abstract concepts like habits or feelings. For example: I threw away the old books「古い本を捨てた」(ふるいほんをすてた). She discarded her bad habits「彼女は悪い習慣を捨てた」(かのじょはわるいしゅうかんをすてた). It can also imply abandoning or giving up on something, such as in: He gave up on his dream「彼は夢を捨てた」(かれはゆめをすてた). The verb is often used in everyday situations, such as disposing of trash or letting go of unnecessary items.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1020

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wear

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '着る (きる)' means 'to wear' and is specifically used for clothing that covers the upper body, such as shirts, jackets, or dresses. It is not used for accessories, footwear, or lower-body clothing like pants or skirts. For example: I wear a coat「コートを着る」(コートをきる). She is wearing a beautiful dress「彼女はきれいなドレスを着ている」(かのじょはきれいなドレスをきている). The verb is often paired with the particle 'を' to indicate the object being worn. Note that '着る' is a ru-verb and conjugates accordingly.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1022

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slightly, Barely

Reading

Kanji

僅A wee bit

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '僅か (わずか)' is used to indicate a small amount or degree. It can mean 'slightly' or 'barely', depending on the context. This word is often used to emphasize how little or minimal something is. For example: The difference is slight「その違いは僅かだ」(そのちがいはわずかだ). He barely passed the exam「彼は僅かに試験に合格した」(かれはわずかにしけんにごうかくした). Note that '僅か' can also be used as a noun, as in '僅かな時間 (わずかなじかん) (a little time)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1041

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Severe, Strict

Reading

Kanji

厳Severe, Strict

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '厳しい (きびしい)' can mean 'strict' or 'severe', depending on the context. When used to describe a person, it often refers to someone who is strict or demanding, such as a teacher or parent. For example: my teacher is strict「私の先生は厳しい」(わたしのせんせいはきびしい). When used to describe a situation or condition, it can mean 'severe' or 'harsh', such as in the case of weather or rules. For example: the winter is severe「冬は厳しい」(ふゆはきびしい). This adjective can also be used to describe something that is difficult or challenging, such as a test or competition. For example: the exam was tough「試験は厳しかった」(しけんはきびしかった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1044

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exactly

Reading

Kanji

正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '正に (まさに)' means 'exactly' or 'precisely'. It is used to emphasize that something is exactly as stated or expected, often in situations where timing, accuracy, or truthfulness is highlighted. For example: This is exactly what I wanted「これは正に私が欲しかったものだ」(これはまさにわたしがほしかったものだ). He is precisely the person we need「彼は正に私たちが必要としている人だ」(かれはまさにわたしたちがひつようとしているひとだ). The word can also convey a sense of inevitability or appropriateness, as in 'It was exactly as predicted'「それは正に予測通りだった」(それはまさによそくどおりだった).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1049

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receive, Welcome

Reading

Kanji

迎Welcome

Explanation

The Japanese verb '迎える (むかえる)' primarily means 'to welcome' or 'to receive'. It is used when someone or something is being welcomed or received, often in a formal or ceremonial context. For example: We welcomed the new year「新年を迎えた」(しんねんをむかえた). The company received a new CEO「会社は新しいCEOを迎えた」(かいしゃはあたらしいCEOをむかえた). This verb can also be used in more casual settings, such as welcoming guests to a home. It's important to note that '迎える' often implies a sense of anticipation or preparation for the arrival of someone or something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1050

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vehicle

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乗り物 (のりもの)' refers to a 'vehicle' or 'means of transportation'. It is a general term that can be used to describe any mode of transport, such as cars, buses, trains, bicycles, or even boats. This word is often used in everyday conversations when discussing travel or commuting. For example: I use public transportation to go to work「私は仕事に行くのに公共交通機関の乗り物を使います」(わたしはしごとにいくのにこうきょうこうつうきかんののりものをつかいます). Children love riding amusement park rides「子供たちは遊園地の乗り物に乗るのが大好きです」(こどもたちはゆうえんちののりものにのるのがだいすきです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something that helps you achieve a goal or move forward in life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1055

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Come off

Reading

Kanji

取Take

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取れる (とれる)' means that something can be removed or comes off easily. It is often used to describe things like stains, labels, or parts of an object that can detach. For example: The label comes off easily 「ラベルが簡単に取れる」 (ラベルがかんたんにとれる). This stain won't come off 「この汚れは取れない」 (このよごれはとれない). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as when referring to impressions or feelings being removed. For example: The tension finally came off 「緊張がやっと取れた」 (きんちょうがやっととれた). Note that '取れる' is the potential form of the verb '取る (とる)', which means 'to take' or 'to remove'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1058

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Useful

Reading

Kanji

役Duty 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verb '役に立つ (やくにたつ)' means 'to be useful' or 'to be helpful'. It is commonly used to describe something or someone that provides practical assistance or value. This verb is often used in everyday conversations to express gratitude or to acknowledge the usefulness of an object, advice, or a person. For example: This book is useful「この本は役に立つ」(このほんはやくにたつ). Your advice was very helpful「あなたのアドバイスはとても役に立った」(あなたのアドバイスはとてもやくにたった). Note that '役に立つ' is often used in its past tense form '役に立った' to indicate that something was useful in the past.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1071

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Firmly

Reading

Kanji

確Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '確り (しっかり)' means 'firmly' or 'steadily'. It is often used to describe actions done with care, attention, or reliability. It can also imply mental or emotional stability. For example: Hold it firmly「しっかり持って」(しっかりもって). She studies hard「彼女はしっかり勉強する」(かのじょはしっかりべんきょうする). Additionally, it can be used to encourage someone to stay strong or focused, as in 'Stay strong! (しっかりして！)'. This word conveys a sense of dependability and thoroughness in actions or attitudes.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1072

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Painful

Reading

Kanji

辛Hard, Spicy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '辛い (つらい)' primarily means 'painful' or 'difficult'. It is often used to describe emotional or physical pain, as well as challenging situations. For example: it was a painful experience「それは辛い経験だった」(それはつらいけいけんだった). This work is difficult「この仕事は辛い」(このしごとはつらい). The word can also imply a sense of hardship or suffering, making it versatile in expressing both literal and metaphorical struggles. Note that '辛い' can also be read as 'からい' when referring to something being 'spicy', but in this context, we are focusing on the reading 'つらい'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1078

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fall

Reading

Kanji

転Revolve

Explanation

The Japanese verb '転ぶ (ころぶ)' means 'to fall'. It is commonly used to describe the action of falling down, typically due to losing balance or tripping. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as falling on the ground, falling off a bicycle, or even metaphorically falling into a bad situation. For example: I fell on the road「道で転んだ」(みちでころんだ). The child fell while running「子供は走っていて転んだ」(こどもははしっていてころんだ). It is important to note that '転ぶ' is often used in casual conversations and can be conjugated to fit different tenses and forms.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1089

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Push

Reading

Kanji

押Push, Press down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '押す (おす)' primarily means 'to push'. It is used to describe the action of applying force to move something away from oneself or to press something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physically pushing an object, pressing a button, or even metaphorically pushing for an idea or decision. For example: Please push the door「ドアを押してください」(ドアをおしてください). He pushed the button「彼はボタンを押した」(かれはボタンをおした). In some contexts, it can also imply insistence or pressure, as in pushing someone to make a decision.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1091

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exceed

Reading

Kanji

超Surpass, Transcend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '超える (こえる)' means 'to exceed' or 'to go beyond'. It is used to describe surpassing a limit, boundary, or expectation. This verb can be applied in various contexts, such as physical boundaries, numerical limits, or abstract concepts. For example: The temperature exceeded 30 degrees「気温が30度を超えた」(きおんが30どをこえた). His skills exceed mine「彼のスキルは私を超えている」(かれのスキルはわたしをこえている). It can also be used metaphorically, as in 'to transcend' or 'to overcome'. Note that '超える' is often used with specific limits or thresholds, such as time, age, or quantity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1096

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extremely

Reading

Kanji

極Extreme, Pole

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '極めて (きわめて)' means 'extremely' or 'very'. It is used to emphasize the degree or intensity of something, often in formal or written contexts. This adverb is typically placed before adjectives or other adverbs to strengthen their meaning. For example: This problem is extremely difficult「この問題は極めて難しい」(このもんだいはきわめてむずかしい). The results were extremely satisfactory「結果は極めて満足のいくものだった」(けっかはきわめてまんぞくのいくものだった). Note that '極めて' carries a formal tone and is less commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1098

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quickly

Reading

Kanji

早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '早く (はやく)' means 'quickly' or 'early'. It is used to indicate that something is done with speed or haste, or that something occurs earlier than expected. This adverb can be used in various contexts, such as urging someone to hurry up or describing the timing of an event. For example: Please come quickly「早く来てください」(はやくきてください). I woke up early this morning「今朝は早く起きた」(けさははやくおきた). It can also be used to express a desire for something to happen sooner, as in 'I want summer to come quickly'「夏が早く来てほしい」(なつがはやくきてほしい).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1105

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Speed

Reading

Kanji

速Quick

Explanation

The Japanese noun '速さ (はやさ)' means 'speed'. It refers to the rate at which something moves or operates. This word is often used in contexts involving motion, such as vehicles, athletes, or processes. For example: The speed of the car is impressive「車の速さがすごい」(くるまのはやさがすごい). The speed of light is constant「光の速さは一定だ」(ひかりのはやさはいっていだ). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the pace of events or changes, such as 'the speed of technological advancement'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1109

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Firstly

Reading

Kanji

始Begin

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '始めに (はじめに)' means 'firstly' or 'to begin with'. It is commonly used to introduce the first point or step in a sequence, often in speeches, presentations, or written instructions. This word sets the stage for what follows and is typically followed by additional points or actions. For example: Firstly, let's introduce ourselves「始めに、自己紹介をしましょう」(はじめに、じこしょうかいをしましょう). Firstly, we need to gather the materials「始めに、材料を集める必要があります」(はじめに、ざいりょうをあつめるひつようがあります). It is a formal and structured way to organize thoughts or actions.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1116

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light

Reading

Kanji

軽Lightly

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '軽い (かるい)' primarily means 'light' in terms of weight. It can describe physical objects that are not heavy, such as a light bag「軽いバッグ」(かるいバッグ). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is not serious or significant, like a light conversation「軽い会話」(かるいかいわ). Additionally, it can describe something that is easy to do or handle, such as a light task「軽い仕事」(かるいしごと). The adjective is versatile and can be used in various contexts to convey the idea of something being light in weight, seriousness, or difficulty.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1119

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Afternoon

Reading

Kanji

昼Daytime, Noon 過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昼過ぎ (ひるすぎ)' refers to the time period in the early afternoon, specifically after midday. It is used to describe the time when the sun is past its highest point but still relatively early in the afternoon. For example: I will go shopping in the afternoon「昼過ぎに買い物に行きます」(ひるすぎにかいものにいきます). The meeting is scheduled for the afternoon「会議は昼過ぎに予定されています」(かいぎはひるすぎによていされています). This term is commonly used in daily conversations to indicate a specific time frame during the day.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1132

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equal, Lineup

Reading

Kanji

並Line, Row

Explanation

The Japanese verb '並ぶ (ならぶ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to line up' or 'to stand in a row', referring to physical alignment. For example: people are lining up for the bus「人々がバスに並んでいる」(ひとびとがバスにならんでいる). The second meaning is 'to be equal to' or 'to rival', indicating a comparison of ability or status. For example: his skill equals that of a professional「彼の技術はプロに並ぶ」(かれのぎじゅつはプロにならぶ). The verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and its meaning depends on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1138

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establish, Determine

Reading

Kanji

定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verb '定める (さだめる)' primarily means 'to determine' or 'to establish'. It is used when setting rules, standards, or decisions firmly. For example: The government determined the new policy「政府は新しい政策を定めた」(せいふはあたらしいせいさくをさだめた). They established the rules for the competition「彼らは競技のルールを定めた」(かれらはきょうぎのルールをさだめた). This verb often implies a formal or authoritative decision-making process. It can also be used in contexts like setting a date or defining a concept, such as: The date for the meeting was set「会議の日付が定められた」(かいぎのひづけがさだめられた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1141

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Learn

Reading

Kanji

学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verb '学ぶ (まなぶ)' means 'to learn'. It is used to describe the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as learning a language, learning from mistakes, or learning about a subject. For example: I want to learn Japanese「日本語を学びたい」(にほんごをまなびたい). He learned from his mistakes「彼は失敗から学んだ」(かれはしっぱいからまなんだ). The verb '学ぶ' often implies a deeper or more formal process of learning compared to other similar verbs like '習う (ならう)', which can imply learning through practice or repetition.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1142

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kind

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '優しい (やさしい)' primarily means 'kind'. It is used to describe someone who is gentle, caring, or considerate towards others. This word can also imply a sense of softness or tenderness in character. For example: she is kind「彼女は優しい」(かのじょはやさしい). He spoke in a kind voice「彼は優しい声で話した」(かれはやさしいこえではなした). While '優しい' can sometimes be used to describe something that is easy to do or understand, this usage is less common and typically requires additional context to avoid confusion with the primary meaning of kindness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1152

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Want

Reading

Kanji

欲Desire, Longing

Explanation

The Japanese verb '欲しがる (ほしがる)' means 'to want' or 'to desire'. It is used to describe someone else's desire or want, often observed from an external perspective. This verb is typically used in the third person, as it implies that the speaker is observing or reporting on someone else's desire. For example: The child wants candy「子供がお菓子を欲しがっている」(こどもがおかしをほしがっている). She seems to want that bag「彼女はそのバッグを欲しがっているみたい」(かのじょはそのバッグをほしがっているみたい). Note that '欲しがる' is different from '欲しい (ほしい)', which is used to express one's own desire directly.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1165

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Substitute

Reading

Kanji

代Substitute, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '代わり (かわり)' means 'substitute' or 'replacement'. It refers to something or someone that takes the place of another. This word is often used in contexts where one thing is exchanged for another, such as in a trade or a replacement. For example: I will go in your place「私があなたの代わりに行きます」(わたしがあなたのかわりにいきます). This can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as when one action or event compensates for another. For example: The food was bad, but the service made up for it「料理はまずかったけど、サービスが代わりになった」(りょうりはまずかったけど、サービスがかわりになった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1169

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pass

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verb '通る (とおる)' primarily means 'to pass' or 'to go through'. It is used to describe the action of moving through a space, such as a road, a door, or a tunnel. It can also be used metaphorically to indicate that something has been understood or accepted, such as an idea or a proposal. For example: The car passed through the tunnel「車がトンネルを通った」(くるまがトンネルをとおった). The proposal passed at the meeting「提案が会議で通った」(ていあんがかいぎでとおった). Additionally, '通る' can be used to describe the act of passing by a place without stopping, as in: I passed by the park「公園を通った」(こうえんをとおった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1174

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pure white

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 白White

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '真っ白 (まっしろ)' means 'pure white' or 'completely white'. It is used to describe something that is entirely white, without any blemishes or other colors. This term emphasizes the intensity or purity of the whiteness. For example: The snow is pure white「雪が真っ白だ」(ゆきがまっしろだ). Her dress is completely white「彼女のドレスは真っ白です」(かのじょのドレスはまっしろです). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe something as being clean or untainted, such as a pure heart or a blank slate.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1175

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pitch dark

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 暗Darkness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '真っ暗 (まっくら)' means 'pitch-dark'. It is used to describe a state of complete darkness, where no light is visible. This word can be used to describe physical spaces, such as rooms or outdoor areas, as well as metaphorical situations, like a hopeless or unclear future. For example: the room is pitch-dark「部屋は真っ暗だ」(へやはまっくらだ). The night was pitch-dark「夜は真っ暗だった」(よるはまっくらだった). The word '真っ暗' often conveys a sense of intensity or extremity in the darkness, emphasizing the absence of light.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1178

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transport, Carry

Reading

Kanji

運Fortune

Explanation

The Japanese verb '運ぶ (はこぶ)' primarily means 'to carry' or 'to transport'. It is used to describe the action of moving objects or items from one place to another. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: I will carry the box「箱を運びます」(はこをはこびます). The truck transports goods「トラックが荷物を運ぶ」(トラックがにもつをはこぶ). In a figurative sense, it can also mean to progress or move forward, as in 'The meeting is progressing smoothly'「会議が順調に運んでいる」(かいぎがじゅんちょうにはこんでいる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1180

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pitch black

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 黒Black

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '真っ黒 (まっくろ)' means 'pitch black' or 'completely black'. It is used to describe something that is entirely black in color, often emphasizing the depth or intensity of the blackness. This word can be used to describe objects, surfaces, or even situations metaphorically. For example: The sky is pitch black「空が真っ黒だ」(そらがまっくろだ). His hands were completely black from the soot「彼の手はすすで真っ黒だった」(かれのてはすすでまっくろだった). Note that '真っ黒' often carries a stronger emphasis than just '黒い (くろい)' (black).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1181

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pale, Deep blue

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 青Blue

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '真っ青 (まっさお)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'deep blue', referring to a vivid, intense shade of blue, often used to describe the color of the sky or the sea. For example: The sea is deep blue today「今日の海は真っ青だ」(きょうのうみはまっさおだ). The second meaning is 'pale', used to describe someone's complexion when they are shocked, scared, or unwell. For example: His face turned pale「彼の顔は真っ青になった」(かれのかおはまっさおになった). These two meanings are unrelated and context-dependent, so it's important to pay attention to the situation in which the word is used.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1182

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accompany

Reading

Kanji

伴Accompany, Companion

Explanation

The Japanese verb '伴う (ともなう)' primarily means 'to accompany' or 'to go along with'. It is often used to describe situations where one thing naturally follows or is associated with another. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: success often accompanies hard work「成功はしばしば努力を伴う」(せいこうはしばしばどりょくをともなう). The storm was accompanied by strong winds「嵐は強い風を伴っていた」(あらしはつよいかぜをともなっていた). It's important to note that '伴う' can also imply a sense of inevitability or necessity in the relationship between the two things being described.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1186

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spread

Reading

Kanji

広Wide

Explanation

The Japanese verb '広がる (ひろがる)' means 'to spread' or 'to expand'. It is used to describe something that extends over a larger area or becomes more widespread. This can refer to physical expansion, such as a stain spreading on fabric, or abstract concepts like rumors or influence spreading. For example: The news spread quickly「ニュースがすぐに広がった」(ニュースがすぐにひろがった). The view spread out before us「目の前に景色が広がった」(めのまえにけしきがひろがった). It can also imply the idea of something unfolding or opening up, such as a flower blooming or opportunities becoming available.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1187

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accompany, Date

Reading

Kanji

付Attach 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '付き合う (つきあう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to accompany' or 'to go along with someone', often used when someone joins another person in an activity or event. For example: I will accompany you to the station「駅まで付き合います」(えきまでつきあいます). The second meaning is 'to date' or 'to be in a romantic relationship'. For example: They have been dating for two years「彼らは2年間付き合っています」(かれらはにねんかんつきあっています). The verb can also imply spending time together in a social or supportive context, such as helping someone with a task. For example: I will help you with your work「仕事に付き合います」(しごとにつきあいます).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1193

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Straight

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '真っ直ぐ (まっすぐ)' means 'straight'. It is used to describe something that is direct, without curves or bends, or to describe someone acting honestly or straightforwardly. For example: go straight「真っ直ぐ行ってください」(まっすぐいってください). He is a straightforward person「彼は真っ直ぐな人です」(かれはまっすぐなひとです). This word can also imply moral uprightness or sincerity in behavior.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1194

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cry

Reading

Kanji

泣Weep, Cry

Explanation

The Japanese verb '泣く (なく)' means 'to cry'. It is used to describe the act of shedding tears, often due to sadness, pain, or overwhelming emotion. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as crying because of a sad movie, a personal loss, or even tears of joy. For example: The child cried loudly「子供は大声で泣いた」(こどもはおおごえでないた). She cried when she heard the news「彼女はその知らせを聞いて泣いた」(かのじょはそのしらせをきいてないた). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe something that evokes a strong emotional response, such as a touching story.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1195

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Proceed

Reading

Kanji

進Advance

Explanation

The Japanese verb '進める (すすめる)' primarily means 'to advance' or 'to proceed'. It is used to describe moving something forward, whether physically, in a process, or in a discussion. For example: let's proceed with the plan「計画を進めましょう」(けいかくをすすめましょう). He advanced the project「彼はプロジェクトを進めた」(かれはプロジェクトをすすめた). This verb can also be used in contexts like advancing a piece in a game or progressing in a task. Note that it is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being advanced or proceeded with.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1197

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Square

Reading

Kanji

四Four 角Corner, Angle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '四角い (しかくい)' means 'square'. It is used to describe objects or shapes that have four equal sides and four right angles, resembling a square. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is rigid or inflexible in nature. For example: This table is square「このテーブルは四角い」(このテーブルはしかくい). His way of thinking is too square「彼の考え方は四角すぎる」(かれのかんがえかたはしかくすぎる). Note that '四角い' is often used to describe physical shapes, but it can also be applied to abstract concepts to imply a lack of flexibility.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1199

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intersection

Reading

Kanji

四Four 角Corner, Angle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '四つ角 (よつかど)' refers to an intersection where two roads or streets cross each other, typically forming a four-way crossing. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation when giving directions or describing locations. For example: Turn right at the intersection「四つ角を右に曲がってください」(よつかどをみぎにまがってください). The store is at the intersection「その店は四つ角にあります」(そのみせはよつかどにあります). The word emphasizes the four-cornered nature of the crossing, making it distinct from other types of intersections.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1200

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Corner

Reading

Kanji

曲Music, Bend 角Corner, Angle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '曲がり角 (まがりかど)' refers to a 'corner' or 'bend' in a road or path. It is often used both literally and metaphorically. Literally, it describes a physical turn or curve in a street or path. Metaphorically, it can signify a turning point or critical moment in life or a situation. For example: Turn right at the corner「曲がり角を右に曲がってください」(まがりかどをみぎにまがってください). This is a turning point in my life「これは私の人生の曲がり角です」(これはわたしのじんせいのまがりかどです). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation and literature to describe both physical and abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1204

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cute

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 愛Love

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '可愛い (かわいい)' means 'cute'. It is commonly used to describe something or someone that is endearing, charming, or attractive in a sweet or innocent way. This word is often used to describe babies, animals, or objects that evoke a sense of affection. For example: That puppy is cute「あの子犬は可愛い」(あのこいぬはかわいい). She is very cute「彼女はとても可愛い」(かのじょはとてもかわいい). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe something that is appealing or likable, such as a cute design or a cute gesture.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1210

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resemble

Reading

Kanji

似Resemble

Explanation

The Japanese verb '似ている (にている)' means 'to resemble' or 'to be similar'. It is used to describe a likeness or similarity between two things, people, or situations. This verb is often used in comparisons, such as when saying someone looks like another person or when two objects share similar characteristics. For example: she resembles her mother「彼女は母親に似ている」(かのじょはははおやににている). These two paintings are similar「この二つの絵は似ている」(このふたつのえはにている). The verb is typically used in its te-form (似ている) to indicate a state of resemblance or similarity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1211

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Raise, List

Reading

Kanji

挙Raise

Explanation

The Japanese verb '挙げる (あげる)' has multiple meanings depending on the context. The primary meaning is 'to raise' or 'to lift up', often used in physical or abstract contexts. For example: raise your hand「手を挙げて」(てをあげて). The second meaning is 'to list' or 'to enumerate', used when presenting examples or items. For example: list the reasons「理由を挙げる」(りゆうをあげる). This verb is versatile and can be used in various situations, such as raising a flag, raising a question, or listing achievements. It is important to note that '挙げる' is often used in formal or written contexts, and its usage can vary based on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1217

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grasp

Reading

Kanji

捉Catch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捉える (とらえる)' means 'to grasp' or 'to capture'. It is used to describe the act of physically catching or holding onto something, as well as metaphorically understanding or perceiving something. For example: He grasped the concept quickly「彼はその概念をすぐに捉えた」(かれはそのがいねんをすぐにとらえた). The police captured the criminal「警察は犯人を捉えた」(けいさつははんにんをとらえた). This verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as capturing an image or idea in one's mind.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1218

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stare

Reading

Kanji

見See 詰Stuff, Packed

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見詰める (みつめる)' means 'to stare' or 'to gaze intently'. It is used when someone is looking at something or someone with a fixed, intense, or prolonged gaze, often indicating deep thought, concentration, or emotion. This verb can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: he stared at the painting「彼は絵を見詰めた」(かれはえをみつめた). She stared at me without saying a word「彼女は一言も言わずに私を見詰めた」(かのじょはひとこともいわずにわたしをみつめた). The verb often carries a nuance of seriousness or intensity, distinguishing it from casual looking or glancing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1223

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accommodate

Reading

Kanji

泊Overnight, Stay overnight

Explanation

The Japanese verb '泊める (とめる)' means 'to accommodate' or 'to let someone stay overnight'. It is commonly used when referring to providing lodging or a place to stay for someone, such as in a home, hotel, or inn. For example: I will accommodate my friend at my house「友達を家に泊める」(ともだちをいえにとめる). This hotel accommodates many guests「このホテルは多くの客を泊める」(このホテルはおおくのきゃくをとめる). The verb can also imply a temporary stay, often for a night or a short period. It is important to note that '泊める' is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object (the person being accommodated).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1224

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heavy

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '重い (おもい)' means 'heavy'. It is used to describe something that has a significant weight or mass. This adjective can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is serious, burdensome, or difficult to handle. For example: this box is heavy「この箱は重い」(このはこはおもい). The situation is heavy「状況が重い」(じょうきょうがおもい). It can also describe a feeling of heaviness, such as in 'my heart feels heavy「心が重い」(こころがおもい)'. Note that '重い' is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it a versatile adjective in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1227

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rejoice

Reading

Kanji

喜Rejoice

Explanation

The Japanese verb '喜ぶ (よろこぶ)' means 'to rejoice' or 'to be delighted'. It is used to express happiness or joy in response to something positive, such as good news, a gift, or an achievement. This verb can be used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: She rejoiced at the news「彼女はその知らせを喜んだ」(かのじょはそのしらせをよろこんだ). We were delighted with the gift「私たちはその贈り物を喜んだ」(わたしたちはそのおくりものをよろこんだ). The verb can also be used to describe someone's general state of happiness, as in 'He is always rejoicing'「彼はいつも喜んでいる」(かれはいつもよろこんでいる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1230

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Avoid

Reading

Kanji

避Avoid, Dodge

Explanation

The Japanese verb '避ける (さける)' means 'to avoid'. It is used when someone deliberately stays away from something or someone, or when they take action to prevent something from happening. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as avoiding danger, a person, or an unpleasant situation. For example: I avoid crowded places「人混みを避ける」(ひとごみをさける). He avoided answering the question「彼は質問に答えるのを避けた」(かれはしつもんにこたえるのをさけた). Note that '避ける' can also be written as 'よける' in some contexts, particularly when referring to physically dodging or evading something, such as an obstacle.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1233

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sister

Reading

Kanji

姉Older sister

Explanation

The Japanese noun '姉さん (ねえさん)' refers to an older sister. It is a respectful and affectionate term used to address or refer to one's own older sister or someone else's older sister. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal settings. For example: My sister is kind「私の姉さんは優しい」(わたしのねえさんはやさしい). Your sister is very beautiful「あなたの姉さんはとてもきれいです」(あなたのねえさんはとてもきれいです). It's important to note that '姉さん' can also be used to address older women in a respectful manner, similar to 'miss' or 'ma'am' in English, especially in service contexts like restaurants or shops.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1242

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Older brother

Reading

Kanji

兄Older brother

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兄さん (にいさん)' refers to an older brother. It is a respectful and affectionate term used to address or refer to one's own older brother or someone else's older brother. This term is commonly used in casual and familial settings. For example: My older brother is kind「私の兄さんは優しい」(わたしのにいさんはやさしい). Your older brother is tall「あなたの兄さんは背が高い」(あなたのにいさんはせがたかい). Note that '兄さん' is more casual and affectionate compared to the formal term '兄 (あに)', which is used in more formal contexts or when speaking about one's own older brother in a respectful manner.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1243

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

They

Reading

Kanji

彼Third person pronoun, He

Explanation

The Japanese noun '彼ら (かれら)' means 'they'. It is used to refer to a group of people, typically males or a mixed-gender group, in the third person. This word is gender-neutral in modern usage but historically leaned toward referring to males. For example: They are coming「彼らが来ています」(かれらがきています). They are my friends「彼らは私の友達です」(かれらはわたしのともだちです). Note that '彼ら' is plural, and for singular 'he', the word '彼 (かれ)' is used. In informal contexts, '彼ら' can sometimes be replaced with 'あの人たち (あのひとたち)' or simply omitted if the context is clear.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1246

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange, Funny

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 笑Laugh

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '可笑しい (おかしい)' can mean both 'funny' and 'strange', depending on the context. When used to describe something as 'funny', it refers to something that is humorous or amusing. For example: That joke was funny「その冗談は可笑しかった」(そのじょうだんはおかしかった). When used to describe something as 'strange', it refers to something that is odd, unusual, or out of the ordinary. For example: His behavior is strange「彼の行動は可笑しい」(かれのこうどうはおかしい). The nuance of the word can shift based on tone and context, so it's important to pay attention to how it's used in conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1247

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Respond

Reading

Kanji

応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verb '応ずる (おうずる)' means 'to respond' or 'to comply with'. It is often used in formal or written contexts to indicate a reaction or reply to a request, demand, or situation. This verb can also imply fulfilling an expectation or meeting a requirement. For example: He responded to the request「彼はその要請に応じた」(かれはそのようせいにおうじた). The company complied with the regulations「会社は規制に応じた」(かいしゃはきせいにおうじた). Note that '応ずる' is the more formal or literary form of '応じる (おうじる)', which is more commonly used in everyday speech.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1257

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attached

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '付き (つき)' means 'attached' or 'included'. It is used to indicate that something comes with or is attached to something else. This suffix is often used in contexts like facilities, services, or features that are included with a product or place. For example: a room with a bathroom attached「バスルーム付きの部屋」(バスルームつきのへや). A meal with dessert included「デザート付きの食事」(デザートつきのしょくじ). It can also imply a sense of accompaniment or association, such as in 'guide attached'「ガイド付き」(ガイドつき). Note that '付き' is often written in hiragana when used as a suffix, but it can also appear as part of compound words written in kanji, such as '手付き (てつき)' (hand movements).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1259

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Approach, Become close

Reading

Kanji

近Near 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '近付く (ちかづく)' primarily means 'to approach' or 'to become close'. It can be used both in a physical sense, such as approaching a location, and in a relational sense, such as becoming close to someone. For example: The train is approaching the station「電車が駅に近付いている」(でんしゃがえきにちかづいている). We became close friends over time「私たちは時間とともに近付いた」(わたしたちはじかんとともにちかづいた). This verb is often used to describe the process of getting closer, either physically or emotionally.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1262

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reach

Reading

Kanji

届Report, Deliver

Explanation

The Japanese verb '届く (とどく)' means 'to reach' or 'to arrive'. It is commonly used to describe something physically reaching a destination, such as a package or letter. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something like a sound or message reaching someone. For example: The package reached my house「荷物が家に届いた」(にもつがいえにとどいた). My voice didn't reach her「私の声は彼女に届かなかった」(わたしのこえはかのじょにとどかなかった). Additionally, it can imply that something is within reach or achievable, as in 'The goal is within reach'「目標が届くところにある」(もくひょうがとどくところにある).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1263

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting