Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Commute

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verb '通う (かよう)' means 'to commute' or 'to regularly go back and forth between two places'. It is commonly used to describe the act of traveling regularly, such as commuting to work, school, or a specific location. For example: I commute to school「学校に通う」(がっこうにかよう). She commutes to work by train「彼女は電車で仕事に通う」(かのじょはでんしゃでしごとにかよう). This verb implies a habitual or routine action, emphasizing the regularity of the movement. It can also be used metaphorically, such as in '血液が通う (けつえきがかよう)' meaning 'blood circulates'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1702

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Home, Otaku

Reading

Kanji

宅House

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お宅 (おたく)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'home' or 'house', used in a polite or formal context. For example: Is this your home?「こちらがお宅ですか？」(こちらがおたくですか？). The second meaning refers to 'otaku', a term used to describe someone with obsessive interests, particularly in anime, manga, or other subcultures. For example: He is an otaku「彼はおたくです」(かれはおたくです). The term 'otaku' can carry a neutral or negative connotation depending on the context, often implying extreme dedication to a hobby or interest.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1705

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early rising

Reading

Kanji

早Early, Fast 起Wake up

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '早起き (はやおき)' means 'early rising' or 'getting up early'. It is used to describe the act of waking up early in the morning. This word is often associated with a positive habit or lifestyle choice. For example: I like early rising「私は早起きが好きです」(わたしははやおきがすきです). Early rising is good for health「早起きは健康に良い」(はやおきはけんこうにいい). The word can also be used in compound phrases, such as '早起きする (はやおきする)', which means 'to get up early'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1708

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Found

Reading

Kanji

見See 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見付かる (みつかる)' means 'to be found' or 'to be discovered'. It is used when something or someone that was hidden, lost, or unnoticed becomes visible or known. This verb is often used in passive contexts, where the subject is the one being found. For example: The lost key was found「なくした鍵が見付かった」(なくしたかぎがみつかった). He was found hiding in the closet「彼はクローゼットに隠れているところを見付かった」(かれはクローゼットにかくれているところをみつかった). Note that '見付かる' is the intransitive form, while '見付ける (みつける)' is the transitive form, meaning 'to find'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1713

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Other side

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder 側Side

Explanation

The Japanese noun '向こう側 (むこうがわ)' means 'the other side' or 'the opposite side'. It is used to refer to the side of something that is opposite to where the speaker or subject is currently located. This can be used in both physical and metaphorical contexts. For example: the other side of the river「川の向こう側」(かわのむこうがわ). On the other side of the world「世界の向こう側」(せかいのむこうがわ). It can also be used to describe the other side of an argument or situation, as in 'the other side of the story'「話の向こう側」(はなしのむこうがわ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1720

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reverse

Reading

Kanji

裏Inside, Rear 返Return

Explanation

The Japanese verb '裏返す (うらがえす)' means 'to reverse' or 'to turn something inside out'. It is used when flipping or turning something over, such as a piece of clothing, a page, or an object. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe reversing a situation or perspective. For example: I reversed the shirt to see the other side「シャツを裏返した」(しゃつをうらがえした). She reversed her opinion after hearing the facts「彼女は事実を聞いて意見を裏返した」(かのじょはじじつをきいていけんをうらがえした). The teacher flipped the page of the book「先生は本のページを裏返した」(せんせいはほんのページをうらがえした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1729

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrance, Inclusion

Reading

Kanji

入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '入り (いり)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'entrance,' referring to the act of entering or the place where one enters. For example: the entrance to the park is over there「公園の入りはあそこです」(こうえんのいりはあそこです). The second meaning is 'inclusion,' referring to something being included or added. For example: this dish has a lot of vegetable inclusions「この料理は野菜の入りが多いです」(このりょうりはやさいのいりがおおいです). The word can also be used in compound words like '入り口 (いりぐち)' meaning 'entrance' or 'entryway.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1731

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detailed, Fine

Reading

Kanji

細Slender

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '細か (こまか)' primarily means 'detailed' or 'fine'. It is used to describe something that is intricate, meticulous, or broken down into small parts. For example: She gave a detailed explanation「彼女は細かな説明をした」(かのじょはこまかなせつめいをした). The sand on this beach is very fine「このビーチの砂はとても細かい」(このビーチのすなはとてもこまかい). The word can also imply thoroughness or precision in actions or descriptions. Note that when used as '細かい (こまかい)', it functions as an adjective and often describes physical characteristics like texture or granularity, or abstract qualities like attention to detail.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1738

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accumulate, Pile up

Reading

Kanji

積Accumulate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '積もる (つもる)' primarily means 'to accumulate' or 'to pile up'. It is often used to describe things like snow, dust, or even abstract concepts like stress or debt. For example: snow has piled up「雪が積もった」(ゆきがつもった). Dust has accumulated on the desk「机にほこりが積もっている」(つくえにほこりがつもっている). It can also be used metaphorically, such as when describing accumulated feelings or experiences. For instance: years of stress have piled up「長年のストレスが積もっている」(ながねんのストレスがつもっている). Note that this verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1739

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receive, Accept

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '受け付ける (うけつける)' primarily means 'to accept' or 'to receive'. It is often used in contexts where something is being formally accepted, such as applications, requests, or orders. For example: The company is now accepting applications「会社は今、申し込みを受け付けています」(かいしゃはいま、もうしこみをうけつけています). The reception desk receives inquiries「受付は問い合わせを受け付けます」(うけつけはといあわせをうけつけます). It can also imply the act of processing or handling something, such as a request or complaint. Note that this verb is commonly used in formal or business settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1748

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thanks

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese interjection '有り難う (ありがとう)' is a common way to express gratitude, meaning 'thank you'. It is used in a wide range of situations to show appreciation, from casual to formal settings. The phrase can be modified to increase politeness, such as '有り難うございます (ありがとうございます)', which is more formal. Example sentences: Thank you for the gift「プレゼントを有り難う」(ぷれぜんとをありがとう). Thank you very much「どうも有り難うございます」(どうもありがとうございます). The term originates from the idea of something being rare or precious, hence deserving gratitude.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1753

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tidy

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '片付く (かたづく)' means 'to become tidy' or 'to be put in order'. It describes the state of things being organized or cleaned up. This verb is often used when referring to a space or items that have been arranged neatly. For example: The room became tidy「部屋が片付いた」(へやがかたづいた). The desk is tidy now「机が片付いた」(つくえがかたづいた). It can also imply that a task or matter has been resolved or settled, as in: The problem has been sorted out「問題が片付いた」(もんだいがかたづいた). Note that '片付く' is an intransitive verb, meaning it describes a state or change without specifying who caused it.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1755

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rise, Climb

Reading

Kanji

上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '上る (のぼる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to climb,' which refers to physically ascending something, such as a mountain or stairs. For example: I climbed the mountain「山に上った」(やまにのぼった). The second meaning is 'to rise,' which can refer to things like prices, temperatures, or even social status. For example: The temperature rose「気温が上った」(きおんがのぼった). Note that while both meanings involve upward movement, they are used in different contexts. The verb is often paired with specific nouns to clarify the type of ascent, such as '階段を上る (かいだんをのぼる)' (to climb stairs) or '地位が上る (ちいがのぼる)' (to rise in status).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1756

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take care, Beware

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '気を付ける (きをつける)' is a common phrase that means 'to be careful' or 'to take care'. It is often used as a warning or advice to someone to pay attention to potential dangers or to be mindful of their actions. This phrase is versatile and can be used in various situations, such as when someone is leaving the house, handling something fragile, or navigating a tricky situation. For example: Please be careful on your way home「帰り道に気を付けてください」(かえりみちにきをつけてください). Take care not to catch a cold「風邪を引かないように気を付けて」(かぜをひかないようにきをつけて). The phrase can also be used in a more general sense to remind someone to stay alert or mindful, as in '気を付けてね (きをつけてね)' which translates to 'Take care, okay?'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1757

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Die

Reading

Kanji

亡Death, Deceased

Explanation

The Japanese verb '亡くなる (なくなる)' is a polite and respectful way to say 'to die'. It is commonly used when referring to the death of someone, especially in formal or sensitive contexts. This term is often preferred over the more direct '死ぬ (しぬ)' as it conveys a sense of respect and solemnity. For example: my grandfather passed away last year「私の祖父は去年亡くなりました」(わたしのそふはきょねんなくなりました). The famous author died at the age of 80「その有名な作家は80歳で亡くなりました」(そのゆうめいなさっかははちじゅっさいでなくなりました). Note that '亡くなる' is typically used for humans, not animals or objects.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1761

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calm

Reading

Kanji

落Fall 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '落ち着く (おちつく)' means 'to calm down' or 'to settle'. It is used to describe a state of becoming calm, composed, or settled, either emotionally or physically. For example: Please calm down「落ち着いてください」(おちついてください). The situation has settled down「状況が落ち着いた」(じょうきょうがおちついた). This verb can also be used to describe a place or atmosphere that feels calm or settled, such as '落ち着いた部屋 (おちついたへや) (a calm room)'. It is often used in contexts where someone needs to regain composure or when a situation stabilizes.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1766

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remain

Reading

Kanji

余Excess

Explanation

The Japanese verb '余る (あまる)' means 'to remain' or 'to be left over'. It is used to describe a situation where there is more of something than needed, resulting in a surplus. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as food, time, or resources. For example: There is food left over「食べ物が余っている」(たべものがあまっている). We have extra time「時間が余っている」(じかんがあまっている). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as when describing emotions or situations that exceed expectations. For instance: Her kindness is more than I can handle「彼女の優しさには余るほどだ」(かのじょのやさしさにはあまるほどだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1769

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take up, Confiscate

Reading

Kanji

取Take 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り上げる (とりあげる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'confiscate', which refers to the act of taking something away from someone, often by authority. For example: The teacher confiscated the student's phone「先生は生徒の携帯を取り上げた」(せんせいはせいとのけいたいをとりあげた). The second meaning is 'take up', which refers to discussing or addressing a topic. For example: The news took up the issue of climate change「ニュースは気候変動の問題を取り上げた」(ニュースはきこうへんどうのもんだいをとりあげた). The verb is versatile and context-dependent, so the intended meaning is usually clear from the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1771

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Escape, Come out

Reading

Kanji

抜Pluck, Extract

Explanation

The Japanese verb '抜ける (ぬける)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to come out' or 'to be removed', often used when something is extracted or falls out from a place it was previously held. For example: the cork came out of the bottle「コルクが瓶から抜けた」(コルクがびんからぬけた). The second meaning is 'to escape' or 'to slip away', often implying a sense of leaving unnoticed or avoiding something. For example: he escaped from the meeting「彼は会議から抜けた」(かれはかいぎからぬけた). The verb can also imply a sense of something being missing or lacking, as in 'the energy is gone'「元気が抜けている」(げんきがぬけている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1772

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slow, Loose

Reading

Kanji

緩Easy, Loose

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '緩い (ゆるい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'loose', which is used to describe something that is not tight or firmly fixed, such as clothing or a knot. For example: these pants are loose「このズボンは緩い」(このズボンはゆるい). The second meaning is 'slow', which is used to describe something that moves or progresses at a low speed, such as a river or a pace. For example: the river flows slowly「川の流れが緩い」(かわのながれがゆるい). It's important to note that the context in which '緩い' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1776

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bitter

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '苦い (にがい)' means 'bitter'. It is primarily used to describe a taste that is sharp, acrid, or unpleasant, often associated with certain foods, drinks, or medicines. For example: this medicine is bitter「この薬は苦い」(このくすりはにがい). The coffee tastes bitter「コーヒーが苦い」(コーヒーがにがい). Additionally, '苦い' can be used metaphorically to describe experiences or memories that are unpleasant or difficult, such as a bitter experience「苦い経験」(にがいけいけん). This adjective is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1780

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Narrow

Reading

Kanji

狭Narrow

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '狭い (せまい)' means 'narrow'. It is used to describe something that has limited width or space, such as a narrow road, a small room, or a tight space. It can also be used metaphorically to describe limited perspectives or opportunities. Example sentences: This road is narrow「この道は狭い」(このみちはせまい). The room feels narrow「部屋が狭く感じる」(へやがせまくかんじる). His views are narrow「彼の視野は狭い」(かれのしやはせまい). Note that '狭い' is often used to describe physical spaces but can extend to abstract concepts like viewpoints or options.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1781

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Happiness

Reading

Kanji

幸Happiness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '幸せ (しあわせ)' means 'happiness'. It refers to a state of being happy or content, often associated with good fortune or well-being. This word can describe both a temporary feeling of joy and a more lasting state of happiness. For example: I feel happy today「今日は幸せです」(きょうはしあわせです). They found happiness together「彼らは一緒に幸せを見つけました」(かれらはいっしょにしあわせをみつけました). It can also be used to describe a fortunate event or situation, such as '幸せな結婚 (しあわせなけっこん) (happy marriage)'. The nuance of this word often carries a sense of gratitude or appreciation for the happiness experienced.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1789

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Salty

Reading

Kanji

塩Salt 辛Hard, Spicy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '塩辛い (しおからい)' means 'salty'. It is used to describe food or dishes that have a strong or pronounced saltiness. This word can also carry a nuance of being overly salty or having a sharp, briny taste. For example: this soup is salty「このスープは塩辛い」(このスープはしおからい). The pickles are too salty「漬物が塩辛すぎる」(つけものがしおからすぎる). Note that '塩辛い' is often used to describe food, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or emotions that feel 'sharp' or 'intense'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1793

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wonderful

Reading

Kanji

素Element 晴Clear

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '素晴らしい (すばらしい)' means 'wonderful' or 'splendid'. It is used to describe something that is exceptionally good, impressive, or excellent. This word can be applied to a wide range of situations, such as describing a beautiful view, a great performance, or an outstanding achievement. For example: The view from the mountain is wonderful「山からの眺めは素晴らしい」(やまからのながめはすばらしい). Her performance was splendid「彼女のパフォーマンスは素晴らしかった」(かのじょのパフォーマンスはすばらしかった). The word carries a positive and enthusiastic tone, often used to express admiration or high praise.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1795

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Care, Mind

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese verb '構う (かまう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to mind' or 'to be concerned about', often used in contexts where someone is bothered or affected by something. The second meaning is 'to care for' or 'to look after', which can imply taking care of someone or something. This verb is versatile and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: I don't mind if you come late「遅れても構いません」(おくてもかまいません). She cares for stray cats「彼女は野良猫を構う」(かのじょはのらねこをかまう). It's important to note that '構う' can also imply a sense of interference or meddling, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1797

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fight

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese verb '戦う (たたかう)' means 'to fight' or 'to battle'. It is used to describe engaging in a physical or metaphorical struggle, conflict, or competition. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as sports, wars, or personal challenges. For example: They fought bravely in the war「彼らは戦争で勇敢に戦った」(かれらはせんそうでゆうかんにたたかった). I will fight for my dreams「私は夢のために戦う」(わたしはゆめのためにたたかう). Note that '戦う' often implies a sense of effort or struggle, whether against an opponent or a difficult situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1800

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thickness

Reading

Kanji

厚Thick, Kind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '厚さ (あつさ)' refers to the measurement of how thick something is. It is commonly used to describe the physical thickness of objects such as books, walls, or materials. For example: The thickness of this book is impressive「この本の厚さはすごい」(このほんのあつさはすごい). Please measure the thickness of the wall「壁の厚さを測ってください」(かべのあつさをはかってください). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the depth or intensity of abstract concepts, such as relationships or emotions, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1801

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reach

Reading

Kanji

達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese verb '達する (たっする)' means 'to reach' or 'to attain'. It is used to describe achieving a certain level, state, or goal. This verb is often used in formal or written contexts and can refer to reaching a physical destination, a numerical target, or a state of being. For example: The temperature reached 30 degrees「気温が30度に達した」(きおんが30どにたっした). He finally reached his goal「彼はついに目標に達した」(かれはついにもくひょうにたっした). Note that '達する' can also imply a sense of accomplishment or fulfillment when used in the context of achieving a goal or milestone.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1804

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Move

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 越Go across, Go beyond

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引っ越す (ひっこす)' means 'to move' in the sense of relocating from one residence to another. This verb is commonly used when someone changes their place of living, such as moving to a new house or apartment. It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object or context to indicate what is being moved. For example: I will move next month「来月引っ越します」(らいげつひっこします). They moved to Tokyo「彼らは東京に引っ越した」(かれらはとうきょうにひっこした). The verb can also imply the process of packing and transporting belongings, as well as settling into a new location.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1806

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Worry

Reading

Kanji

悩Worry, Distress

Explanation

The Japanese verb '悩む (なやむ)' means 'to worry' or 'to be troubled'. It is used to describe a state of mental distress or anxiety over a problem or situation. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as personal dilemmas, work-related stress, or emotional struggles. For example: I worry about the future「私は将来について悩む」(わたしはしょうらいについてなやむ). He is troubled by his decision「彼は自分の決断に悩んでいる」(かれはじぶんのけつだんになやんでいる). The verb can also imply a deeper, ongoing struggle, as in '悩み続ける (なやみつづける) (to continue worrying)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1807

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moving

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 越Go across, Go beyond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '引っ越し (ひっこし)' refers to the act of moving or relocating from one place to another, typically involving changing residences. It is commonly used when someone is moving to a new house or apartment. For example: I will move next month「来月引っ越しします」(らいげつひっこしします). They are moving to Tokyo「彼らは東京に引っ越しします」(かれらはとうきょうにひっこしします). The term is often used in contexts involving packing, transporting belongings, and settling into a new home.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1809

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pain

Reading

Kanji

痛Pain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '痛み (いたみ)' primarily means 'pain'. It refers to a physical sensation of discomfort or suffering, often caused by injury or illness. It can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional pain or distress. For example: I have a pain in my stomach「お腹に痛みがあります」(おなかにいたみがあります). The pain of losing a loved one「大切な人を失う痛み」(たいせつなひとをうしなういたみ). This word is commonly used in both medical and everyday contexts to describe various types of pain.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1810

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wash

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash

Explanation

The Japanese verb '洗う (あらう)' means 'to wash'. It is used to describe the action of cleaning something with water, often with the use of soap or detergent. This verb can be applied to a wide range of objects, including clothes, dishes, hands, and even abstract concepts like one's past. For example: I wash my hands「手を洗う」(てをあらう). She washes the dishes「彼女は皿を洗う」(かのじょはさらをあらう). It's important to note that '洗う' can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase '罪を洗う (つみをあらう)', which means 'to wash away one's sins'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1811

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overtake

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 越Go across, Go beyond

Explanation

The Japanese verb '追い越す (おいこす)' means 'to overtake'. This verb is used when one vehicle or person passes another that is moving in the same direction. It is commonly used in the context of driving, cycling, or running. For example: The car overtook the truck「その車はトラックを追い越した」(そのくるまはトラックをおいこした). I overtook the runner in front of me「前のランナーを追い越した」(まえのランナーをおいこした). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe surpassing someone in a non-physical sense, such as in a competition or career.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1813

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thanks

Reading

Kanji

礼Bow, Salute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お礼 (おれい)' means 'thanks' or 'gratitude'. It is used to express appreciation or acknowledgment for something someone has done. This word is often used in formal or polite contexts, such as when thanking someone for a gift, favor, or kind gesture. For example: I gave my thanks「お礼を言いました」(おれいをいいました). She expressed her gratitude with a gift「彼女はお礼にプレゼントをくれました」(かのじょはおれいにぷれぜんとをくれました). It can also refer to a token of appreciation, such as a gift given in return for a favor. Note that 'お礼' is often used in combination with verbs like '言う (いう)' (to say) or 'する' (to do) to form phrases like 'お礼を言う' (to say thank you) or 'お礼をする' (to show gratitude).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1822

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tired

Reading

Kanji

疲Tire, Exhausted

Explanation

The Japanese verb '疲れる (つかれる)' means 'to get tired' or 'to be tired'. It is used to describe a state of physical or mental fatigue. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation to express exhaustion after work, exercise, or any strenuous activity. For example: I got tired from work「仕事で疲れた」(しごとでつかれた). She is tired from studying「彼女は勉強で疲れている」(かのじょはべんきょうでつかれている). The verb can also be used in its te-form to connect with other verbs, such as '疲れて寝た (つかれてねた)' (got tired and went to sleep). It is important to note that '疲れる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1825

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrive

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '着く (つく)' means 'to arrive'. It is used to indicate reaching a destination, whether it's a physical location or a metaphorical one. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be paired with various particles to specify the destination. For example: I arrived at the station「駅に着いた」(えきについた). The package arrived yesterday「荷物は昨日着いた」(にもつはきのうついた). It's important to note that '着く' is often used with the particle 'に' to indicate the destination, as in '駅に着く (えきにつく) (arrive at the station)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1826

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Get used

Reading

Kanji

慣Accustomed

Explanation

The Japanese verb '慣れる (なれる)' means 'to get used to' or 'to become accustomed to'. It is used to describe the process of becoming familiar with something, such as a new environment, situation, or habit. For example: I got used to the new job「新しい仕事に慣れた」(あたらしいしごとになれた). She is getting used to living alone「彼女は一人暮らしに慣れつつある」(かのじょはひとりぐらしになれつつある). This verb is often used in contexts where someone adapts to changes or new circumstances over time.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1836

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flow, Cancel

Reading

Kanji

流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '流す (ながす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to flow', which refers to the movement of liquids or substances in a continuous stream. For example: The river flows gently「川が優しく流れる」(かわがやさしくながれる). The second meaning is 'to cancel' or 'to let go', often used in contexts like canceling plans or letting something pass without action. For example: He decided to cancel the meeting「彼は会議を流すことにした」(かれはかいぎをながすことにした). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as letting emotions flow or letting a situation pass without intervention.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1842

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grip

Reading

Kanji

握Grasp, Grip

Explanation

The Japanese verb '握る (にぎる)' means 'to grip' or 'to grasp'. It is used to describe the action of holding something firmly in one's hand. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as gripping a tool, holding someone's hand, or even metaphorically, like grasping an opportunity. For example: He gripped the handle tightly「彼はハンドルをしっかり握った」(かれはハンドルをしっかりにぎった). She grasped my hand「彼女は私の手を握った」(かのじょはわたしのてをにぎった). The verb can also be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '握り締める (にぎりしめる)', which means 'to clench tightly'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1849

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife

Reading

Kanji

奥Core, Heart

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奥さん (おくさん)' is a polite and respectful way to refer to someone else's wife. It is commonly used in formal or polite conversations. For example: His wife is very kind「彼の奥さんはとても親切です」(かれのおくさんはとてもしんせつです). I met your wife yesterday「昨日、奥さんに会いました」(きのう、おくさんにあいました). Note that '奥さん' is not used to refer to one's own wife; instead, '妻 (つま)' or '家内 (かない)' is used in such cases.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1850

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Everyone

Reading

Kanji

皆All

Explanation

The Japanese noun '皆さん (みなさん)' is a polite and respectful way to address or refer to a group of people, meaning 'everyone' or 'all of you'. It is commonly used in formal or polite situations, such as speeches, announcements, or when addressing an audience. For example: Good morning, everyone!「皆さん、おはようございます！」(みなさん、おはようございます). Thank you, everyone, for coming today「皆さん、今日は来てくれてありがとうございます」(みなさん、きょうはきてくれてありがとうございます). The term is inclusive and conveys a sense of respect towards the group being addressed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1851

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decrease

Reading

Kanji

減Decrease

Explanation

The Japanese verb '減る (へる)' means 'to decrease' or 'to diminish'. It is used to describe a reduction in quantity, size, or intensity. This verb is often used in contexts involving numbers, resources, or physical amounts. For example: the number of students decreased「学生の数が減った」(がくせいのかずがへった). The water level is decreasing「水位が減っている」(すいいがへっている). It can also be used metaphorically, such as when describing a decrease in energy or motivation: my energy has decreased「私の元気が減った」(わたしのげんきがへった). Note that '減る' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1852

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Someone

Reading

Kanji

誰Who

Explanation

The Japanese noun '誰か (だれか)' means 'someone'. It is used to refer to an unspecified person, often when the speaker does not know or does not specify who the person is. It can be used in questions or statements. For example: Is someone there?「誰かいますか？」(だれかいますか？). I need someone to help me「誰か助けてくれる人が必要です」(だれかたすけてくれるひとがひつようです). Note that '誰か' is often used in contexts where the speaker is seeking assistance or trying to identify an unknown person.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1855

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lower

Reading

Kanji

下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verb '下げる (さげる)' means 'to lower' or 'to reduce'. It is used to describe the action of moving something downward or decreasing its level, position, or value. This verb can be applied to physical objects, such as lowering a flag, or abstract concepts, like reducing prices. For example: Please lower the volume「音量を下げてください」(おんりょうをさげてください). The store lowered the prices「店は値段を下げた」(みせはねだんをさげた). Note that '下げる' can also imply a sense of humility or modesty, such as lowering one's head in respect. However, this nuance is context-dependent and not a separate meaning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1860

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Celebration

Reading

Kanji

祝Celebrate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お祝い (おいわい)' refers to a celebration or congratulatory event. It is often used to mark special occasions such as birthdays, weddings, or achievements. The prefix 'お' adds politeness, making it suitable for formal contexts. Example sentences: We held a celebration for her promotion「彼女の昇進のお祝いをしました」(かのじょのしょうしんのおいわいをしました). I received a gift for the celebration「お祝いのプレゼントをもらいました」(おいわいのぷれぜんとをもらいました). The word can also refer to the act of congratulating someone, as in 'お祝いの言葉 (おいわいのことば) (words of congratulations)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1867

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thoroughly

Reading

Kanji

飽Sated, Satiated

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '飽くまで (あくまで)' means 'thoroughly' or 'to the very end'. It conveys a sense of persistence, determination, or doing something completely without compromise. This word is often used to emphasize that something is done to the fullest extent or that a stance is unwavering. For example: He thoroughly denied the accusations「彼は飽くまでその非難を否定した」(かれはあくまでそのひなんをひていした). I will thoroughly pursue this matter「私は飽くまでこの問題を追求します」(わたしはあくまでこのもんだいをついきゅうします). The nuance of '飽くまで' often implies a strong resolve or an unyielding attitude.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1870

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Occupy

Reading

Kanji

占Fortune telling

Explanation

The Japanese verb '占める (しめる)' means 'to occupy' or 'to hold' in terms of space, proportion, or position. It is often used to describe something taking up a certain amount of space, time, or percentage. For example: This table occupies a lot of space「このテーブルは多くのスペースを占める」(このテーブルはおおくのスペースをしめる). Women hold 30% of the managerial positions「女性が管理職の30%を占める」(じょせいがかんりしょくの30%をしめる). The verb can also imply a significant or notable presence in a particular context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1875

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excel

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese verb '優れる (すぐれる)' means 'to excel' or 'to be superior'. It is used to describe something or someone that stands out due to exceptional quality, ability, or performance. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as academic, professional, or artistic fields. For example: he excels in mathematics「彼は数学で優れている」(かれはすうがくですぐれている). This product excels in quality「この製品は品質で優れている」(このせいひんはひんしつですぐれている). It's important to note that '優れる' is often used in its past tense form '優れた (すぐれた)' to describe something that is outstanding or excellent, as in '優れた才能 (すぐれたさいのう) (excellent talent)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1878

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wrap

Reading

Kanji

包Wrap

Explanation

The Japanese verb '包む (つつむ)' means 'to wrap'. It is used to describe the action of enclosing something completely, often with paper, cloth, or another material. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe enveloping or surrounding something, such as emotions or atmospheres. For example: I wrapped the gift「プレゼントを包んだ」(ぷれぜんとをつつんだ). The mountain was wrapped in mist「山は霧に包まれていた」(やまはきりにつつまれていた). Note that '包む' can also imply a sense of protection or concealment, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1881

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vomit, Emit

Reading

Kanji

吐Spit, Spew

Explanation

The Japanese verb '吐く (はく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to vomit' or 'to throw up', referring to the act of expelling the contents of the stomach through the mouth. For example: he vomited after eating bad sushi「彼は悪い寿司を食べた後で吐いた」(かれはわるいすしをたべたあとではいた). The second meaning is 'to emit' or 'to exhale', which can refer to breathing out air, smoke, or other substances. For example: the factory emits smoke「工場が煙を吐く」(こうじょうがけむりをはく). It's important to note that the context in which '吐く' is used will determine which meaning is intended, as the verb can describe both physical expulsion and the release of substances into the environment.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1883

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Erase, Turn off

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '消す (けす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to erase', which refers to removing something written or drawn, such as erasing a mistake on paper. For example: I erased the mistake「間違いを消した」(まちがいをけした). The second meaning is 'to turn off', which refers to stopping the operation of a device or extinguishing a light or fire. For example: Please turn off the light「電気を消してください」(でんきをけしてください). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended, as the verb is versatile and widely used in everyday situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1886

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gift

Reading

Kanji

贈Present, Presents 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '贈り物 (おくりもの)' means 'gift'. It refers to something given to someone as a present, often to show appreciation, celebrate an occasion, or express goodwill. This word is commonly used in contexts like birthdays, weddings, or holidays. For example: I received a gift from my friend「友達から贈り物をもらった」(ともだちからおくりものをもらった). She prepared a gift for her mother「彼女は母親に贈り物を用意した」(かのじょはははおやにおくりものをよういした). The word can also imply thoughtfulness or care in choosing the gift.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1890

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Win

Reading

Kanji

勝Victory

Explanation

The Japanese verb '勝つ (かつ)' means 'to win'. It is used to describe achieving victory in a competition, game, or any situation where there is a contest or struggle. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as sports, battles, or even personal challenges. For example: I won the game「試合に勝った」(しあいにかつった). He always wins「彼はいつも勝つ」(かれはいつもかつ). The verb can also imply overcoming difficulties or prevailing in a situation, as in '困難に勝つ (こんなんにかつ) (to overcome difficulties)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1896

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Float, Come to mind

Reading

Kanji

浮Float

Explanation

The Japanese verb '浮かぶ (うかぶ)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to float', referring to something physically rising or staying on the surface of a liquid or in the air. For example: the boat floats on the water「ボートが水に浮かぶ」(ボートがみずにうかぶ). The second meaning is 'to come to mind', referring to an idea, thought, or memory appearing in one's consciousness. For example: a good idea came to mind「いいアイデアが浮かんだ」(いいアイデアがうかんだ). The verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. Note that the past tense form is '浮かんだ (うかんだ)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1898

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Again

Reading

Kanji

改Reform

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '改めて (あらためて)' means 'again' or 'anew'. It is used to indicate that something is being done or considered again, often with a fresh perspective or renewed attention. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as when reconsidering a decision or revisiting a topic. For example: I will think about it again「改めて考えます」(あらためてかんがえます). Let's discuss this again「改めて話し合いましょう」(あらためてはなしあいましょう). It can also imply a sense of formality or seriousness, as in '改めてお礼を申し上げます (あらためておれいをもうしあげます) (I would like to express my gratitude again formally).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1902

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sukiyaki

Reading

Kanji

焼Burn, Bake

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'すき焼き (すきやき)' refers to a traditional Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced beef, vegetables, and tofu, cooked in a sweet and savory soy sauce-based broth. It is often enjoyed communally, with diners cooking the ingredients at the table. Example sentences: Let's eat sukiyaki tonight「今夜はすき焼きを食べましょう」(こんやはすきやきをたべましょう). Sukiyaki is a popular dish in Japan「すき焼きは日本で人気のある料理です」(すきやきはにほんでにんきのあるりょうりです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1903

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dry

Reading

Kanji

乾Dry

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乾かす (かわかす)' means 'to dry'. It is used to describe the action of removing moisture from something, such as clothes, hair, or dishes. This verb is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object. For example: I dried the clothes「洗濯物を乾かした」(せんたくものをかわかした). She dried her hair with a towel「彼女はタオルで髪を乾かした」(かのじょはタオルでかみをかわかした). It is important to note that '乾かす' is often used in everyday contexts, such as laundry or personal care, and is distinct from '乾く (かわく)', which is the intransitive form meaning 'to become dry'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1909

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rare

Reading

Kanji

珍Precious, Rare

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '珍しい (めずらしい)' means 'rare' or 'unusual'. It is used to describe something that is uncommon, not often seen, or out of the ordinary. This word can be applied to objects, events, or situations. For example: This is a rare flower「これは珍しい花です」(これはめずらしいはなです). It's rare to see him smile「彼が笑うのは珍しい」(かれがわらうのはめずらしい). The word can also carry a nuance of something being interesting or noteworthy due to its rarity. It is often used in a positive or neutral context, but can sometimes imply something is strange or unexpected.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1910

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leave

Reading

Kanji

去Past

Explanation

The Japanese verb '去る (さる)' means 'to leave' or 'to depart'. It is often used to describe someone or something moving away from a place or situation. This verb can also imply a sense of finality or separation. For example: he left the room「彼は部屋を去った」(かれはへやをさった). The train has departed「電車は去った」(でんしゃはさった). In some contexts, '去る' can also be used metaphorically to describe the passage of time or the end of an era, such as 'the old year has passed「旧年が去った」(きゅうねんがさった)'. Note that this verb is somewhat formal and is often used in written or formal spoken contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1919

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extremely

Reading

Kanji

極Extreme, Pole

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '極く (ごく)' means 'extremely' or 'very'. It is used to emphasize the degree or intensity of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts and can modify adjectives or other adverbs. For example: This is extremely important「これは極く重要だ」(これはごくじゅうようだ). The problem is extremely simple「その問題は極く簡単だ」(そのもんだいはごくかんたんだ). Note that '極く' is less common in casual conversation and is typically replaced by words like 'とても' or 'すごく' in everyday speech.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1927

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Turn, Pass

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times

Explanation

The Japanese verb '回す (まわす)' primarily means 'to turn' or 'to rotate' something, such as turning a knob or rotating an object. It can also mean 'to pass' something around, like passing a document or an item to someone else. For example: turn the handle「ハンドルを回す」(ハンドルをまわす). Please pass the salt「塩を回してください」(しおをまわしてください). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, both literal and figurative, to indicate the action of turning or passing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1937

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lonely

Reading

Kanji

寂Quietly, Lonely

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '寂しい (さびしい)' primarily means 'lonely' or 'lonesome'. It is used to describe a feeling of sadness due to a lack of companionship or a sense of emptiness. This word can also convey a sense of desolation or melancholy, often in relation to places or situations that feel abandoned or quiet. For example: I feel lonely without you「あなたがいなくて寂しい」(あなたがいなくてさびしい). The town was lonely after everyone left「みんなが去った後、町は寂しかった」(みんながさったあと、まちはさびしかった). Note that '寂しい' can sometimes imply a nostalgic longing or a wistful feeling, adding depth to its emotional context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1939

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exclude

Reading

Kanji

除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese verb '除く (のぞく)' primarily means 'to exclude' or 'to remove'. It is used to indicate that something or someone is being left out or omitted from a group, list, or consideration. For example: Please exclude him from the list「彼をリストから除いてください」(かれをリストからのぞいてください). This rule applies to everyone, excluding children「このルールは子供を除いて全員に適用されます」(このルールはこどもをのぞいてぜんいんにてきようされます). Additionally, '除く' can sometimes imply 'except for' or 'apart from', as in: All members, excluding the president, attended the meeting「会長を除いて全員が会議に出席しました」(かいちょうをのぞいてぜんいんがかいぎにしゅっせきしました).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1947

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grow

Reading

Kanji

育Raise, Grow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '育つ (そだつ)' means 'to grow' or 'to be raised'. It is used to describe the natural process of growth, development, or maturation of living things, such as plants, animals, or people. It can also refer to being raised or brought up in a particular environment. For example: The plants grew well「植物がよく育った」(しょくぶつがよくそだった). He grew up in the countryside「彼は田舎で育った」(かれはいなかでそだった). This verb often implies a natural or gradual process of development over time.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1958

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cold

Reading

Kanji

寒Cold

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '寒い (さむい)' means 'cold'. It is primarily used to describe weather or a physical sensation of coldness. For example: It's cold today「今日は寒い」(きょうはさむい). I feel cold「寒いです」(さむいです). This word is often used to describe the temperature of the environment or how a person feels due to low temperatures. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation or atmosphere that feels emotionally cold or unwelcoming, though this usage is less common. For example: The room felt cold「部屋が寒い感じがした」(へやがさむいかんじがした).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1961

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cold

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '冷たい (つめたい)' primarily means 'cold' and is used to describe something that has a low temperature, such as cold water or cold weather. It can also describe a person's attitude or behavior as being emotionally cold or distant. For example: The water is cold「水が冷たい」(みずがつめたい). She gave me a cold look「彼女は冷たい目をした」(かのじょはつめたいめをした). This word is commonly used in everyday conversations to describe both physical and emotional coldness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1962

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Okurigana

Reading

Kanji

送Send 仮Temporary 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '送り仮名 (おくりがな)' refers to the kana (hiragana) suffixes that follow kanji in Japanese writing. These kana are used to indicate the inflection of verbs and adjectives, as well as to clarify the reading of kanji. For example, in the verb '食べる (たべる)', the 'べる' part is the okurigana that follows the kanji '食'. Another example is the adjective '高い (たかい)', where 'かい' is the okurigana following the kanji '高'. Okurigana are essential for understanding the correct pronunciation and meaning of words in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1966

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finish

Reading

Kanji

終End

Explanation

The Japanese verb '終える (おえる)' means 'to finish' or 'to complete'. It is used to indicate the completion of an action, task, or event. This verb is often used in contexts where something has been brought to an end, such as finishing work, a meal, or a project. For example: I finished my homework「宿題を終えた」(しゅくだいをおえた). She finished the meeting「彼女は会議を終えた」(かのじょはかいぎをおえた). Note that '終える' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being finished. It is distinct from '終わる (おわる)', which is an intransitive verb meaning 'to end' or 'to be over'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1967

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grieve

Reading

Kanji

悲Sad

Explanation

The Japanese verb '悲しむ (かなしむ)' means 'to grieve' or 'to feel sorrow'. It is used to express deep sadness or mourning, often in response to a loss or unfortunate event. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as personal grief or empathy for others. For example: She grieved over her lost dog「彼女は亡くなった犬を悲しんだ」(かのじょはなくなったいぬをかなしんだ). We grieve for the victims of the disaster「私たちは災害の犠牲者を悲しむ」(わたしたちはさいがいのぎせいしゃをかなしむ). The verb can also be used in a more general sense to describe feeling sorrow or sadness about a situation, as in 'He grieved over his failure'「彼は自分の失敗を悲しんだ」(かれはじぶんのしっぱいをかなしんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1969

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Merely

Reading

Kanji

単Simple, Single

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '単に (たんに)' means 'merely' or 'simply'. It is used to indicate that something is done or exists in a straightforward, uncomplicated manner, without any additional factors or complexities. It often emphasizes the simplicity or minimal nature of an action or state. For example: He is merely a student「彼は単に学生です」(かれはたんにがくせいです). This is simply a misunderstanding「これは単に誤解です」(これはたんにごかいです). The word can also be used to downplay the significance of something, as in '単に興味があるだけ (たんにきょうみがあるだけ) (I am merely interested).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1970

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remove, Miss

Reading

Kanji

外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese verb '外す (はずす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to remove' or 'to take off', often used when detaching or separating something from its usual position. For example: he removed his glasses「彼はメガネを外した」(かれはめがねをはずした). The second meaning is 'to miss', as in failing to hit a target or missing an opportunity. For example: I missed the train「電車を外した」(でんしゃをはずした). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. It is important to note that the meaning depends heavily on the context of the sentence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1973

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '向く (むく)' primarily means 'to face' or 'to turn toward'. It is used to describe the direction something or someone is facing or turning. This verb can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: he turned toward the door「彼はドアに向いた」(かれはドアにむいた). This job suits me「この仕事は私に向いている」(このしごとはわたしにむいている). In the second example, '向く' is used figuratively to mean 'to be suited for' or 'to be appropriate for'. The verb can also imply suitability or compatibility in certain contexts, such as when describing whether something is a good fit for someone.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2007

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose

Reading

Kanji

負Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '負ける (まける)' primarily means 'to lose' in the context of a competition, game, or conflict. It can also imply yielding or giving in to someone or something. This verb is commonly used in both casual and formal settings. For example: I lost the game「試合に負けた」(しあいにまけた). He gave in to the pressure「彼はプレッシャーに負けた」(かれはぷれっしゃーにまけた). Additionally, '負ける' can sometimes be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase '負けないで (まけないで)', which means 'don't give up' or 'don't lose heart'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2012

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soft

Reading

Kanji

柔Soft, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '柔らか (やわらか)' means 'soft'. It is used to describe something that is physically soft to the touch, such as fabric, food, or materials. It can also describe abstract qualities like a gentle or flexible attitude. For example: This bread is soft「このパンは柔らかい」(このパンはやわらかい). She has a soft personality「彼女は柔らかな性格だ」(かのじょはやわらかなせいかくだ). Note that '柔らか' is often used in its adjectival form '柔らかい (やわらかい)' when directly modifying a noun, as in '柔らかい布 (やわらかいぬの) (soft cloth)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2013

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beginning

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初め (はじめ)' means 'beginning'. It refers to the start or commencement of something, such as an event, period, or process. This word is often used in contexts like the start of a new year, a project, or a relationship. For example: at the beginning of the year「年の初めに」(としのはじめに). Let's start from the beginning「初めから始めましょう」(はじめからはじめましょう). It can also imply the first time something is done, as in '初めまして (はじめまして)', which is a common greeting meaning 'Nice to meet you' or 'This is the first time we meet'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2018

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hit, Reach

Reading

Kanji

突Stab, Dash 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '突き当たる (つきあたる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to hit' or 'to strike', often used when something physically collides with another object. The second meaning is 'to reach' or 'to come to', often used when arriving at a point or conclusion. For example: The car hit the wall「車が壁に突き当たった」(くるまがかべにつきあたった). We reached a dead end「私たちは行き止まりに突き当たった」(わたしたちはいきどまりにつきあたった). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe encountering a problem or obstacle, as in 'We hit a snag in our plans'「私たちの計画に問題が突き当たった」(わたしたちのけいかくにもんだいがつきあたった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2019

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

突Stab, Dash 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '突き当たり (つきあたり)' refers to the very end or the farthest point of something, typically a path, road, or corridor. It is often used to describe the point where one can go no further, such as the end of a hallway or a street. For example: The bathroom is at the end of the hallway「トイレは廊下の突き当たりです」(トイレはろうかのつきあたりです). The store is at the end of this street「その店はこの道の突き当たりにあります」(そのみせはこのみちのつきあたりにあります). This word is commonly used in directions or when describing locations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2023

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excess

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '過ぎ (すぎ)' is used to indicate that something is excessive or has gone beyond a certain limit. It is often attached to the stem of verbs or adjectives to convey this meaning. For example: he ate too much「彼は食べ過ぎた」(かれはたべすぎた). This coffee is too sweet「このコーヒーは甘すぎる」(このコーヒーはあますぎる). The suffix can also be used with nouns to indicate that something is too much of a particular thing, as in '働き過ぎ (はたらきすぎ) (overworking)'. It's important to note that '過ぎ' can also be used as a standalone noun meaning 'excess' or 'surplus', but this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2026

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Need

Reading

Kanji

要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese verb '要る (いる)' means 'to need' or 'to require'. It is used to express necessity or requirement for something. This verb is often used in everyday conversation to indicate that something is necessary or indispensable. For example: I need money「お金が要る」(おかねがいる). Do you need help?「助けが要りますか？」(たすけがいりますか？). It is important to note that '要る' is typically used with the particle 'が' to indicate the object that is needed. This verb is distinct from '必要 (ひつよう)', which also means 'need' but is a noun and used in different grammatical structures.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2027

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Absolutely

Reading

Kanji

絶Break off, Extinction 対Against

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '絶対に (ぜったいに)' means 'absolutely' or 'definitely'. It is used to emphasize the certainty or inevitability of something, often in a strong or emphatic way. This adverb can be used in both positive and negative contexts, such as expressing a firm decision, a strong prohibition, or an unchangeable fact. For example: I will absolutely not go「絶対に行かない」(ぜったいにいかない). This is absolutely delicious「これは絶対においしい」(これはぜったいにおいしい). It is important to note that '絶対に' is often used to convey a sense of finality or unbreakable determination.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2033

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hate

Reading

Kanji

大Big 嫌Dislike

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '大嫌い (だいきらい)' means 'hate' or 'dislike intensely'. It is used to express a strong dislike or aversion towards something or someone. The prefix '大 (だい)' intensifies the meaning, making it stronger than just '嫌い (きらい)'. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to express personal feelings. For example: I hate spiders「私は蜘蛛が大嫌いです」(わたしはくもがだいきらいです). He hates studying「彼は勉強が大嫌いだ」(かれはべんきょうがだいきらいだ). It can also be used to describe things one strongly dislikes, such as foods or activities.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2036

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

World

Reading

Kanji

世World, Generation 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世の中 (よのなか)' refers to the world or society at large. It encompasses the social environment, the way things are in the world, or the general state of affairs. This term is often used to discuss societal norms, trends, or the overall condition of the world. For example: The world is changing rapidly「世の中は急速に変わっている」(よのなかはきゅうそくにかわっている). It's tough to live in this world「この世の中に生きるのは大変だ」(このよのなかにいきるのはたいへんだ). The phrase can also imply the complexities and challenges of navigating through life and society.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2040

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fear

Reading

Kanji

恐Fear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '恐れる (おそれる)' means 'to fear' or 'to be afraid of'. It is used to express a sense of fear, anxiety, or apprehension about something, whether it is a specific object, situation, or outcome. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: I fear the dark「暗闇を恐れる」(くらやみをおそれる). He fears failure「彼は失敗を恐れている」(かれはしっぱいをおそれている). The verb can also imply a sense of reverence or awe, such as fearing a powerful force or authority. For example: They fear the gods「彼らは神々を恐れている」(かれらはかみがみをおそれている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2041

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correct, Fix

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese verb '直す (なおす)' has two primary meanings: 'fix' and 'correct'. When used to mean 'fix', it refers to repairing something that is broken or not functioning properly. For example: I will fix the broken chair「壊れた椅子を直します」(こわれたちすをなおします). When used to mean 'correct', it refers to making something right or accurate, such as correcting a mistake. For example: Please correct the error in the document「書類の誤りを直してください」(しょるいのあやまりをなおしてください). The verb is versatile and can be applied to physical objects, situations, or even behaviors. It is often used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2051

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establish

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '設ける (もうける)' means 'to establish' or 'to set up'. It is commonly used when creating or founding something, such as an organization, system, or rule. This verb often implies a formal or deliberate action. For example: The company established a new branch「会社は新しい支店を設けた」(かいしゃはあたらしいしてんをもうけた). The government set up a new policy「政府は新しい政策を設けた」(せいふはあたらしいせいさくをもうけた). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as establishing conditions or opportunities. For instance: They established conditions for cooperation「彼らは協力の条件を設けた」(かれらはきょうりょくのじょうけんをもうけた). Note that this verb is transitive and typically requires an object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2054

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pay

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 払Pay, Drive away

Explanation

The Japanese verb '支払う (しはらう)' means 'to pay'. It is commonly used when referring to the act of paying money for goods, services, or debts. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as paying bills, salaries, or expenses. For example: I will pay the bill「私が請求書を支払います」(わたしがせいきゅうしょをしはらいます). He paid for the meal「彼は食事代を支払った」(かれはしょくじだいをしはらった). The verb is often used with objects like 'お金 (おかね)' (money) or '請求書 (せいきゅうしょ)' (bill) to specify what is being paid.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2056

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Press, Approach

Reading

Kanji

迫Urge, Press

Explanation

The Japanese verb '迫る (せまる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to approach,' often used to describe something coming closer in time, space, or situation. For example: The deadline is approaching「締め切りが迫っている」(しめきりがせまっている). The second meaning is 'to press' or 'to urge,' often used in contexts where someone is being pressured or compelled to act. For example: He pressed me for an answer「彼は私に答えを迫った」(かれはわたしにこたえをせまった). The verb can also imply a sense of urgency or inevitability, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2057

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pass, Undergo

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse

Explanation

The Japanese verb '経る (へる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to pass' in the sense of time or a period elapsing. For example: ten years have passed「十年が経った」(じゅうねんがへった). The second meaning is 'to undergo' or 'to go through' an experience or process. For example: he underwent surgery「彼は手術を経た」(かれはしゅじゅつをへた). This verb is often used in formal or written contexts to describe the passage of time or the completion of a process. It can also imply a transformation or change resulting from the experience.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2060

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Kanji

釣Fish, Fishing

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お釣り (おつり)' refers to the 'change' received back after making a purchase. It is commonly used in everyday transactions, such as when shopping or paying for services. The term is polite and often used in customer service contexts. For example: Here is your change「お釣りです」(おつりです). I received 500 yen in change「500円のお釣りをもらいました」(ごひゃくえんのおつりをもらいました). The prefix 'お' adds politeness, making it suitable for formal situations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2061

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Various

Reading

Kanji

色Color

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '色んな (いろんな)' is a colloquial form of '色々な (いろいろな)', meaning 'various' or 'all sorts of'. It is used to describe a wide range of things or situations, often implying diversity or variety. This word is commonly used in casual conversations. For example: I have various books「色んな本を持っている」(いろんなほんをもっている). She has various hobbies「彼女は色んな趣味がある」(かのじょはいろんなしゅみがある). Note that '色んな' is less formal than '色々な' and is typically used in spoken language.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2065

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boil

Reading

Kanji

沸Boil

Explanation

The Japanese verb '沸かす (わかす)' means 'to boil'. It is commonly used when heating water or other liquids to the point of boiling. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe stirring up emotions or excitement. For example: I will boil water for tea「お茶のために水を沸かします」(おちゃのためにみずをわかします). The news boiled up the crowd「そのニュースは群衆を沸かした」(そのニュースはぐんしゅうをわかした). Note that '沸かす' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object, such as water or emotions.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2069

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Look back

Reading

Kanji

振Shake, Swing 返Return

Explanation

The Japanese verb '振り返る (ふりかえる)' means 'to look back' or 'to reflect on the past'. It is commonly used to describe the act of turning one's head to look behind or to metaphorically reflect on past events or experiences. For example: He looked back at his childhood「彼は子供時代を振り返った」(かれはこどもじだいをふりかえった). Let's reflect on what we've learned「学んだことを振り返りましょう」(まなんだことをふりかえりましょう). This verb can be used both literally and figuratively, making it versatile in various contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2072

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Struggle, Battle

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戦い (たたかい)' primarily means 'battle' or 'struggle'. It refers to a physical fight, such as a battle between armies, or a metaphorical struggle, such as a personal or internal conflict. For example: The battle was intense「戦いは激しかった」(たたかいははげしかった). He is fighting a struggle against illness「彼は病気との戦いをしている」(かれはびょうきとのたたかいをしている). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as a 'struggle for survival' or a 'fight for justice'. It is important to note that '戦い' often carries a sense of effort and challenge, whether in a literal or figurative sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2075

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

So to speak

Reading

Kanji

言Say

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '言わば (いわば)' is used to introduce a metaphor, analogy, or figurative expression to describe something. It can be translated as 'so to speak', 'as it were', or 'in a manner of speaking'. This word is often used to make abstract or complex ideas more relatable by comparing them to something familiar. For example: He is, so to speak, the brain of the team「彼は言わばチームの頭脳だ」(かれはいわばチームのずのうだ). This place is, as it were, a paradise on earth「この場所は言わば地上の楽園だ」(このばしょはいわばちじょうのらくえんだ). Note that '言わば' is typically used in written or formal contexts rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2079

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Neglect, Laze

Reading

Kanji

怠Lazy, Neglect

Explanation

The Japanese verb '怠ける (なまける)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to laze' or 'to be idle', referring to avoiding work or effort. For example: He lazed around all day「彼は一日中怠けていた」(かれはいちにちじゅうなまけていた). The second meaning is 'to neglect', implying a failure to fulfill responsibilities or duties. For example: She neglected her studies「彼女は勉強を怠けた」(かのじょはべんきょうをなまけた). The verb can carry a negative connotation, suggesting laziness or irresponsibility depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2081

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refuse

Reading

Kanji

断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verb '断る (ことわる)' means 'to refuse' or 'to decline'. It is used when someone rejects an offer, request, or invitation. This verb often carries a polite connotation, as it is commonly used in formal or respectful situations. For example: I refused the invitation「招待を断りました」(しょうたいをことわりました). He declined the offer「彼はその申し出を断った」(かれはそのもうしでをことわった). It can also imply a firm or decisive refusal, depending on the context. Note that '断る' is often used in situations where the refusal is communicated clearly and respectfully.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2084

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Terrifying

Reading

Kanji

恐Fear

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '恐ろしい (おそろしい)' primarily means 'terrifying' or 'dreadful'. It is used to describe something that evokes fear or horror, often due to its extreme nature or potential danger. This word can be applied to situations, events, or even abstract concepts. For example: The storm was terrifying「嵐は恐ろしかった」(あらしはおそろしかった). The thought of war is dreadful「戦争の考えは恐ろしい」(せんそうのかんがえはおそろしい). Additionally, '恐ろしい' can sometimes be used to express something extreme or astonishing, though this usage is less common. For instance: He is terrifyingly fast「彼は恐ろしく速い」(かれはおそろしくはやい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2090

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exceed, Cross

Reading

Kanji

越Go across, Go beyond

Explanation

The Japanese verb '越える (こえる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to exceed' or 'to go beyond', often used in contexts involving limits, boundaries, or expectations. For example: The temperature exceeded 30 degrees「気温が30度を越えた」(きおんが30どをこえた). The second meaning is 'to cross', typically referring to physically crossing over something like a mountain or a border. For example: We crossed the mountain「私たちは山を越えた」(わたしたちはやまをこえた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as crossing a threshold or overcoming a challenge. Note that the nuance depends on the context, so pay attention to the object being crossed or exceeded.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2092

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting