言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Mid year gift

Reading

Kanji

中Center 元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お中元 (おちゅうげん)' refers to a traditional custom of giving gifts during the midyear, typically around July, to express gratitude or maintain social relationships. This practice is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is often directed towards superiors, colleagues, or acquaintances. The gifts are usually items like food, drinks, or household goods. For example: I received a midyear gift from my boss「上司からお中元をもらいました」(じょうしからおちゅうげんをもらいました). We sent a midyear gift to our relatives「親戚にお中元を送りました」(しんせきにおちゅうげんをおくりました). The term 'お中元' is often associated with the summer season and is part of a broader cultural practice that includes 'お歳暮 (おせいぼ)', which is a year-end gift-giving tradition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2401

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Milky Way

Reading

Kanji

川River 天Heaven

Explanation

The Japanese noun '天の川 (あまのがわ)' refers to the 'Milky Way', the galaxy that contains our solar system. In Japanese culture, it is often associated with the Tanabata festival, where the story of two star-crossed lovers, Orihime and Hikoboshi, is celebrated. The Milky Way is seen as a river that separates the lovers, who are allowed to meet only once a year on the seventh day of the seventh month. Example sentences: The Milky Way is beautiful tonight「今夜の天の川は美しい」(こんやのあまのがわはうつくしい). According to legend, the Milky Way separates the lovers「伝説によると、天の川が恋人たちを隔てている」(でんせつによると、あまのがわがこいびとたちをへだてている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2402

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Menstruation, Physiology

Reading

Kanji

生Life 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生理 (せいり)' has two distinct meanings. The first and most common meaning is 'menstruation', referring to the monthly cycle in women. For example: She is on her period「彼女は生理中です」(かのじょはせいりちゅうです). The second meaning is 'physiology', referring to the biological functions and processes of living organisms. For example: The study of human physiology is fascinating「人間の生理の研究は興味深い」(にんげんのせいりのけんきゅうはきょうみぶかい). These two meanings are unrelated and should be understood in their respective contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2403

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order

Reading

Kanji

序Beginning, Preface 秩Order, Regularity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '秩序 (ちつじょ)' means 'order' in the sense of a systematic or harmonious arrangement. It is often used to describe social, natural, or organizational systems where things are structured and functioning properly. For example: maintaining social order「社会の秩序を守る」(しゃかいのちつじょをまもる). The natural order of the ecosystem「生態系の秩序」(せいたいけいのちつじょ). This word is commonly used in formal or academic contexts to discuss stability, rules, or systems. It is not used to describe personal tidiness or neatness, which would be expressed with words like '整理 (せいり)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2404

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doubt

Reading

Kanji

疑Doubt, Suspect

Explanation

The Japanese verb '疑う (うたがう)' means 'to doubt' or 'to suspect'. It is used when someone questions the truth, validity, or sincerity of something or someone. This verb can be applied in various contexts, such as doubting a statement, suspecting someone's intentions, or questioning the authenticity of an object. For example: I doubt his story「彼の話を疑う」(かれのはなしをうたがう). She suspected him of lying「彼女は彼が嘘をついていると疑った」(かのじょはかれがうそをついているとうたがった). The nuance of '疑う' often implies a lack of trust or certainty, and it can carry a slightly negative connotation depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2405

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Baby

Reading

Kanji

赤Red

Explanation

The Japanese noun '赤ちゃん (あかちゃん)' means 'baby'. It refers to a very young child, typically from birth to around one year old. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and carries a warm, affectionate tone. For example: The baby is sleeping「赤ちゃんが寝ています」(あかちゃんがねています). I love babies「赤ちゃんが大好きです」(あかちゃんがだいすきです). The word is often used to express care and tenderness towards infants.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2406

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Festival

Reading

Kanji

祭Ritual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祭り (まつり)' refers to a 'festival'. This term is widely used to describe traditional Japanese festivals, which often involve public celebrations, parades, food stalls, and various cultural performances. These festivals are usually held to honor deities, celebrate seasons, or commemorate historical events. For example: I went to the summer festival「夏祭りに行きました」(なつまつりにいきました). The festival was very lively「祭りはとてもにぎやかでした」(まつりはとてもにぎやかでした). In some contexts, '祭り' can also metaphorically describe a lively or chaotic situation, but its primary meaning remains tied to cultural or religious celebrations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2407

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Energy, Willpower

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '気力 (きりょく)' refers to mental or physical energy, as well as the strength of will or determination to accomplish something. It is often used to describe the inner drive or motivation needed to face challenges or complete tasks. For example: I don't have the energy to continue「気力が続かない」(きりょくがつづかない). He has the willpower to overcome any obstacle「彼はどんな障害も乗り越える気力がある」(かれはどんなしょうがいものりこえるきりょくがある). This word is commonly used in contexts involving perseverance, effort, or mental stamina.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2408

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heavy rain

Reading

Kanji

大Big 雨Rain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大雨 (おおあめ)' means 'heavy rain'. This term is used to describe a significant amount of rainfall, often associated with storms or adverse weather conditions. It is commonly used in weather forecasts and warnings. For example: There will be heavy rain tomorrow「明日は大雨が降るでしょう」(あしたはおおあめがふるでしょう). The heavy rain caused flooding「大雨で洪水が起きた」(おおあめでこうずいがおきた). Note that '大雨' specifically refers to the intensity of the rain, not just any rain.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2409

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hot spring

Reading

Kanji

温Warm 泉Spring, Fountain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '温泉 (おんせん)' refers to a natural hot spring, which is a common feature in Japan due to its volcanic activity. These hot springs are often used for bathing and are believed to have therapeutic properties. For example: Let's go to the hot spring「温泉に行きましょう」(おんせんにいきましょう). This hot spring is very relaxing「この温泉はとてもリラックスできます」(このおんせんはとてもりらっくすできます). The word is often associated with traditional Japanese inns called 'ryokan' that offer hot spring baths as part of their amenities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2410

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alliance, Union

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese noun '連合 (れんごう)' refers to a union or alliance, typically involving groups, organizations, or nations coming together for a common purpose. It can be used in various contexts, such as labor unions, political alliances, or international coalitions. For example: The labor union held a meeting「労働連合が会議を開いた」(ろうどうれんごうがかいぎをひらいた). The two countries formed an alliance「二つの国が連合を結んだ」(ふたつのくにがれんごうをむすんだ). This term emphasizes collaboration and collective action, often with a formal or organized structure.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2411

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drizzle

Reading

Kanji

小Small 雨Rain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小雨 (こさめ)' refers to a light rain or drizzle. It is used to describe a gentle, fine rain that falls softly and is not heavy or intense. This word is often used in weather forecasts or when describing the atmosphere of a scene. For example: The drizzle feels refreshing「小雨が気持ちいい」(こさめがきもちいい). It's drizzling outside「外は小雨が降っている」(そとはこさめがふっている). The word carries a poetic nuance and is often associated with a calm or serene mood.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2412

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rainy weather

Reading

Kanji

天Heaven 雨Rain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '雨天 (うてん)' refers to 'rainy weather' or a 'rainy day'. It is commonly used in weather forecasts, event planning, or when discussing outdoor activities. For example: The event was postponed due to rainy weather「雨天のためイベントは延期されました」(うてんのためイベントはえんきされました). Rainy weather continued for three days「雨天が三日続きました」(うてんがみっかつづきました). This word is often used in formal or written contexts and is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2413

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heavy snow

Reading

Kanji

大Big 雪Snow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大雪 (おおゆき)' refers to 'heavy snow'. It is used to describe a significant snowfall, often implying that the snow is deep or has caused disruptions. This term is commonly used in weather forecasts or when discussing winter conditions. For example: Heavy snow is expected tomorrow「明日は大雪が予想されています」(あしたはおおゆきがよそうされています). The heavy snow blocked the roads「大雪で道路がふさがれた」(おおゆきでどうろがふさがれた). Note that '大雪' can also be used metaphorically to describe something overwhelming or abundant, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wear

Reading

Kanji

履Fulfill, Footgear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '履く (はく)' specifically means 'to wear' but is used exclusively for items worn on the lower body, such as pants, skirts, or shoes. It is important to note that this verb is not used for clothing items worn on the upper body, like shirts or jackets. For example: I wear shoes「靴を履く」(くつをはく). She wears a skirt「彼女はスカートを履く」(かのじょはスカートをはく). The verb '履く' is commonly used in daily conversations when discussing attire, and it is essential to use it correctly to avoid confusion with other verbs like '着る (きる)', which is used for upper body clothing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2415

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mere

Reading

Kanji

単Simple, Single

Explanation

The Japanese determiner '単なる (たんなる)' means 'mere' or 'just'. It is used to emphasize that something is nothing more than what is stated, often downplaying its significance or complexity. For example: It's just a rumor「単なる噂だ」(たんなるうわさだ). He is a mere child「彼は単なる子供だ」(かれはたんなるこどもだ). This word is often used to express that something is not as important or serious as it might seem.

Part Of Speech

determiner

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2416

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blue sky

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty 青Blue

Explanation

The Japanese noun '青空 (あおぞら)' refers to a 'blue sky'. It is often used to describe a clear, cloudless sky, evoking a sense of openness, freedom, or serenity. This word is commonly used in poetry, literature, and everyday conversation to describe beautiful weather or a peaceful atmosphere. For example: The blue sky is beautiful today「今日の青空は美しい」(きょうのあおぞらはうつくしい). We had a picnic under the blue sky「青空の下でピクニックをした」(あおぞらのしたでぴくにっくをした). The term can also carry a metaphorical meaning, symbolizing hope or a fresh start.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Movables

Reading

Kanji

産Give birth 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動産 (どうさん)' refers to 'movables' or 'personal property' in legal and financial contexts. This term is used to describe tangible assets that can be moved, such as furniture, vehicles, or equipment, as opposed to '不動産 (ふどうさん)' which refers to immovable property like land or buildings. For example: The company owns various movables「その会社は様々な動産を所有している」(そのかいしゃはさまざまなどうさんをしょゆうしている). Movables are often included in asset evaluations「動産は資産評価に含まれることが多い」(どうさんはしさんひょうかにふくまれることがおおい). This term is commonly used in legal documents, contracts, and financial discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2418

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Produce

Reading

Kanji

生Life 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '生み出す (うみだす)' means 'to produce' or 'to create'. It is used to describe the act of bringing something new into existence, whether it be a physical object, an idea, or a result. This verb often implies a sense of innovation or creativity. For example: The artist produced a new masterpiece「その芸術家は新しい傑作を生み出した」(そのげいじゅつかはあたらしいけっさくをうみだした). The company created a revolutionary product「その会社は画期的な製品を生み出した」(そのかいしゃはかっきてきなせいひんをうみだした). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as producing results or outcomes: Hard work produces good results「努力は良い結果を生み出す」(どりょくはよいけっかをうみだす).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2419

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thought

Reading

Kanji

考Think, Consider 思Think

Explanation

The Japanese noun '思考 (しこう)' means 'thought' or 'thinking'. It refers to the process of using one's mind to consider or reason about something. This word is often used in contexts related to philosophy, psychology, or everyday reasoning. For example: deep thought「深い思考」(ふかいしこう). Logical thinking is important「論理的思考は重要だ」(ろんりてきしこうはじゅうようだ). It can also be used in compound words like '思考力 (しこうりょく)' (thinking ability) or '思考回路 (しこうかいろ)' (thought process). Note that '思考' is more formal and abstract compared to '考え (かんがえ)', which is more casual and personal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2420

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dawn

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '明け方 (あけがた)' refers to the time of day when the sky begins to lighten, just before sunrise. It is often used to describe the early morning hours when night transitions into day. This word carries a poetic nuance and is commonly used in literature or to evoke a sense of calm and renewal. For example: I woke up at dawn「明け方に目が覚めた」(あけがたにめがさめた). The dawn was beautiful「明け方が美しかった」(あけがたがうつくしかった). Note that '明け方' is distinct from '朝 (あさ)', which refers to the broader concept of morning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2421

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Middle, Halfway

Reading

Kanji

半Half

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半ば (なかば)' can mean 'middle' or 'halfway'. It is often used to describe a point in time, space, or progress that is neither the beginning nor the end. For example: we are halfway through the year「今年も半ばです」(ことしもなかばです). The meeting is in the middle of the agenda「会議は議題の半ばです」(かいぎはぎだいのなかばです). The word can also imply a sense of incompleteness or ongoing progress, as in 'the project is halfway done'「プロジェクトは半ばです」(ぷろじぇくと は なかばです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2422

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lose, Hesitate

Reading

Kanji

迷Perplexed, Astray

Explanation

The Japanese verb '迷う (まよう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to lose one's way' or 'to get lost', often used in the context of physical navigation. For example: I got lost in the city「街で迷った」(まちでまよった). The second meaning is 'to hesitate' or 'to be uncertain', used when someone is indecisive or unsure about a decision. For example: She hesitated to answer「彼女は答えるのに迷った」(かのじょはこたえるのにまよった). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe being lost in thought or confused about a situation. For example: He was lost in thought「彼は考えに迷っていた」(かれはかんがえにまよっていた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2423

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Improvement

Reading

Kanji

上Up 向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '向上 (こうじょう)' means 'improvement' or 'advancement'. It refers to the act of making something better or enhancing its quality, often used in contexts related to skills, performance, or conditions. For example: improvement in skills「スキルの向上」(スキルのこうじょう). The company is aiming for improvement in productivity「会社は生産性の向上を目指している」(かいしゃはせいさんせいのこうじょうをめざしている). This term is commonly used in both personal and professional settings to describe progress or development.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2424

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not at all

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder 一One

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一向に (いっこうに)' is used to emphasize that something is not happening or not being done at all, often in a negative context. It conveys a sense of frustration or surprise that there is no progress or change. For example: He is not improving at all「彼は一向に良くならない」(かれはいっこうによくならない). The work is not progressing at all「仕事が一向に進まない」(しごとがいっこうにすすまない). This adverb is typically used with negative verbs to stress the complete absence of an expected outcome.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2425

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Indeed

Reading

Kanji

成Become 程Order, Extent

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '成る程 (なるほど)' is used to express understanding, agreement, or realization. It is often translated as 'indeed', 'I see', or 'that makes sense'. This word is commonly used in conversations to acknowledge that you have understood or agree with what someone has said. For example: Indeed, that's a good point「成る程、それは良い点だ」(なるほど、それはよいてんだ). I see, so that's how it works「成る程、そういうことか」(なるほど、そういうことか). It is a polite and thoughtful way to show that you are following the conversation and appreciate the information being shared.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2426

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Address

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'アドレス (adoresu)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'address'. It is commonly used to refer to both physical addresses (such as a home or business address) and digital addresses (such as an email address or URL). For example: Please tell me your email address「メールアドレスを教えてください」(メールアドレスをおしえてください). The address of the restaurant is on the website「レストランのアドレスはウェブサイトにあります」(レストランのアドレスはウェブサイトにあります). This word is widely understood in modern Japanese due to its frequent use in technology and communication contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2427

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attack

Reading

Kanji

襲Attack, Inherit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '襲う (おそう)' primarily means 'to attack'. This verb is used to describe a sudden and often violent action against someone or something. It can refer to physical attacks, such as an animal attacking a person, or more abstract forms of attack, like a sudden storm or a wave of emotions. For example: The bear attacked the hiker「熊がハイカーを襲った」(くまがハイカーをおそった). A sudden feeling of sadness attacked her「突然の悲しみが彼女を襲った」(とつぜんのかなしみがかのじょをおそった). The verb can also be used metaphorically to describe being overwhelmed by something, such as a wave of nostalgia or a sudden realization.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2428

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Listener

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 聞Listen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '聞き手 (ききて)' refers to a 'listener' or someone who is listening. It is often used in contexts where someone is actively paying attention to what is being said, such as in conversations, speeches, or storytelling. For example: The listener was very attentive「聞き手はとても注意深かった」(ききてはとてもちゅういぶかかった). The speaker tried to engage the listener「話し手は聞き手を引きつけようとした」(はなしてはききてをひきつけようとした). This term emphasizes the role of the person receiving information or a story, rather than the one delivering it.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2429

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Communism

Reading

Kanji

共Together 産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '共産 (きょうさん)' refers to 'communism'. It is often used in political or ideological contexts to describe the system or ideology of communism. This term is commonly seen in phrases like '共産党 (きょうさんとう)', which means 'Communist Party'. For example: He supports communism「彼は共産を支持している」(かれはきょうさんをしじしている). The Communist Party won the election「共産党が選挙に勝った」(きょうさんとうがせんきょにかった). The word is neutral in tone but can carry political connotations depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2430

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emit

Reading

Kanji

発Departure

Explanation

The Japanese verb '発する (はっする)' means 'to emit' or 'to give off'. It is used to describe the act of releasing or producing something, such as sound, light, heat, or even abstract concepts like opinions or emotions. For example: The machine emits a loud noise「その機械は大きな音を発する」(そのきかいはおおきなおとをはっする). He expressed his opinion「彼は意見を発した」(かれはけんをはっした). This verb is often used in formal or technical contexts and can be combined with various nouns to describe what is being emitted.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2431

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guestroom

Reading

Kanji

客Guest, Customer 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '客間 (きゃくま)' refers to a 'guestroom' or a 'parlor' in a house, specifically a room designated for receiving and entertaining guests. It is a formal space often used for hosting visitors. For example: The guestroom is spacious「客間は広いです」(きゃくまはひろいです). Please wait in the guestroom「客間でお待ちください」(きゃくまでおまちください). This word is commonly used in traditional Japanese homes or settings where hospitality is emphasized.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2432

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hut

Reading

Kanji

小Small 屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小屋 (こや)' refers to a small, simple structure, often used as a shelter or storage space. It typically implies a modest, rustic, or temporary building, such as a cabin, shed, or shack. This word is commonly used in rural or outdoor settings. For example: There is a small hut in the forest「森に小屋がある」(もりにこやがある). He built a hut by the lake「彼は湖のそばに小屋を建てた」(かれはみずうみのそばにこやをたてた). The nuance of '小屋' often conveys simplicity and functionality rather than luxury or permanence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2433

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yokohama

Reading

Explanation

The proper noun 'ヨコハマ' refers to the city of Yokohama, which is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan. It is the second-largest city in Japan by population after Tokyo and is known for its port, which is one of the largest in the country. Yokohama is a major commercial hub and is famous for its Chinatown, Minato Mirai 21 area, and the Yokohama Landmark Tower. Example sentences: I went to Yokohama last weekend「先週末、ヨコハマに行きました」(せんしゅうまつ、ヨコハマにいきました). Yokohama is famous for its beautiful night view「ヨコハマは美しい夜景で有名です」(ヨコハマはうつくしいやけいでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

2434

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yen strength

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 円Circle, Yen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '円高 (えんだか)' refers to a situation where the value of the Japanese yen is strong or high relative to other currencies. This term is commonly used in economic and financial contexts to describe the yen's exchange rate. For example: The yen's strength is affecting exports「円高が輸出に影響を与えている」(えんだかがゆしゅつにえいきょうをあたえている). Due to the strong yen, traveling abroad has become cheaper「円高のため、海外旅行が安くなった」(えんだかのため、かいがいりょこうがやすくなった). It's important to note that '円高' is often discussed in relation to its opposite, '円安 (えんやす)', which means a weak yen.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Engine

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'エンジン (えんじん)' means 'engine'. It refers to a machine that converts energy into mechanical force or motion, commonly used in vehicles, machinery, or other mechanical systems. This word is a loanword from English and is widely used in contexts related to cars, airplanes, and industrial equipment. For example: The car's engine is powerful「その車のエンジンは強いです」(そのくるまのえんじんはつよいです). The airplane engine is noisy「飛行機のエンジンはうるさい」(ひこうきのえんじんはうるさい). Note that 'エンジン' is typically used in technical or mechanical contexts and is not used metaphorically.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2436

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Demon, Ogre

Reading

Kanji

鬼Demon, Ogre

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鬼 (おに)' refers to a mythical creature often depicted as a demon or ogre in Japanese folklore. These beings are typically portrayed as fearsome, with horns, sharp claws, and wild hair. They are often associated with evil or mischief but can also symbolize strength and perseverance. In modern contexts, '鬼' is sometimes used metaphorically to describe someone who is exceptionally strict or relentless, such as a demanding coach or boss. Example sentences: The demon is scary「鬼は怖い」(おにはこわい). My boss is a real ogre「私の上司は本当に鬼だ」(わたしのじょうしはほんとうにおにだ). In festivals, people dress up as demons「祭りで鬼の格好をする人もいる」(まつりでおにのかっこうをするひともいる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2437

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Insert, Sandwich

Reading

Kanji

挟Put between, Between

Explanation

The Japanese verb '挟む (はさむ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to sandwich', which refers to placing something between two other things, often used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: I sandwiched the letter between the pages of the book「手紙を本のページの間に挟んだ」(てがみをほんのページのあいだにはさんだ). The second meaning is 'to insert', which refers to placing something into a gap or space. For example: She inserted the key into the lock「彼女は鍵を鍵穴に挟んだ」(かのじょはかぎをかぎあなにはさんだ). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as physical actions or metaphorical situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2438

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Start

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'スタート (sutaato)' means 'start' and is derived from the English word 'start'. It is commonly used in contexts related to beginning an activity, event, or process. For example: the race starts at 9 AM「レースは9時にスタートします」(れーすはくじにすたーとします). Let's start the meeting「会議をスタートしましょう」(かいぎをすたーとしましょう). This word is often used in formal or casual settings and can be applied to both physical and abstract beginnings. It is important to note that 'スタート' is typically used as a noun or verbal noun, often paired with the verb 'する' to indicate the action of starting.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2439

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Climb

Reading

Kanji

登Ascend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '登る (のぼる)' means 'to climb'. It is used to describe the action of ascending or moving upward, such as climbing a mountain, stairs, or a ladder. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe rising in status or rank. For example: I climbed the mountain「山に登った」(やまにのぼった). He climbed the stairs quickly「彼は階段を速く登った」(かれはかいだんをはやくのぼった). The sun climbed above the horizon「太陽が地平線の上に登った」(たいようがちへいせんのうえにのぼった). Note that '登る' is often used for physical climbing, while other verbs like '上がる (あがる)' may be used for more general upward movement.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2440

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blood

Reading

Kanji

液Liquid 血Blood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '血液 (けつえき)' means 'blood'. This term refers to the red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other vertebrate animals, carrying oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body. It is commonly used in medical contexts or when discussing health and biology. For example: Blood is essential for life「血液は生命に不可欠です」(けつえきはせいめいにふかけつです). The doctor analyzed my blood「医者が私の血液を分析した」(いしゃがわたしのけつえきをぶんせきした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2441

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Belong

Reading

Kanji

属Belong

Explanation

The Japanese verb '属する (ぞくする)' means 'to belong' or 'to be affiliated with'. It is used to indicate that something or someone is part of a larger group, organization, or category. This verb often implies a formal or official connection. For example: This animal belongs to the cat family「この動物は猫科に属する」(このどうぶつはねこかにぞくする). She belongs to the marketing department「彼女はマーケティング部に属する」(かのじょはマーケティングぶにぞくする). The nuance of '属する' often carries a sense of being under the jurisdiction or influence of the larger group or entity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2442

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Best, Supreme

Reading

Kanji

上Up 最Most

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最上 (さいじょう)' means 'best' or 'supreme'. It is used to describe something that is of the highest quality, rank, or excellence. This word is often used in formal or literary contexts to emphasize superiority. For example: This is the best wine「これは最上のワインです」(これはさいじょうのワインです). He achieved supreme success「彼は最上の成功を収めた」(かれはさいじょうのせいこうをおさめた). Note that '最上' can also be used in compound words, such as '最上階 (さいじょうかい)' meaning 'top floor'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2443

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Please, Go ahead

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'どうぞ (どうぞ)' is a versatile word used in various contexts. Its primary meaning is 'please,' often used when offering something to someone, such as a seat or an item. For example: Please take a seat「どうぞお座りください」(どうぞおすわりください). It can also mean 'go ahead,' encouraging someone to proceed with an action. For example: Go ahead and eat「どうぞ召し上がってください」(どうぞめしあがってください). The word carries a polite and respectful tone, making it suitable for formal and informal situations. It is often used in combination with other polite expressions to enhance courtesy.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

2444

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Connect

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'つなぐ (tsunagu)' means 'to connect' or 'to link'. It is used to describe the action of joining two or more things together, either physically or metaphorically. For example: I connected the wires「私はワイヤーをつないだ」(わたしはワイヤーをつないだ). The bridge connects the two cities「その橋は二つの都市をつないでいる」(そのはしはふたつのとしをつないでいる). This verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as connecting ideas or relationships. For instance: The teacher connected the students' ideas「先生は生徒たちの考えをつないだ」(せんせいはせいとたちのかんがえをつないだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

2445

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

First day

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初日 (しょにち)' refers to the 'first day' of an event, activity, or period. It is commonly used in contexts such as the first day of a festival, the opening day of a movie, or the first day of a new job. For example: The first day of the festival was crowded「祭りの初日は混雑していた」(まつりのしょにちはこんざつしていた). The movie's opening day is tomorrow「映画の初日は明日です」(えいがのしょにちはあしたです). This word emphasizes the beginning or commencement of something significant.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2446

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feeling, Tendency

Reading

Kanji

味Flavor 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '気味 (きみ)' can mean either 'feeling' or 'tendency', depending on the context. When used to mean 'feeling', it often refers to a slight or vague sensation, such as a feeling of unease or discomfort. For example: I have a feeling of unease「不安な気味がする」(ふあんなきみがする). When used to mean 'tendency', it refers to a slight inclination or propensity towards something. For example: He has a tendency to be late「彼は遅れ気味だ」(かれはおくれきみだ). It's important to note that '気味' is often used in combination with other words to describe specific feelings or tendencies, such as '寒気味 (さむきみ)' (feeling slightly cold) or '遅れ気味 (おくれきみ)' (tending to be late).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Condition

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '調子 (ちょうし)' primarily means 'condition' or 'state'. It is often used to describe the physical or mental condition of a person, the state of a machine, or the progress of a situation. For example: His condition is good「彼の調子はいい」(かれのちょうしはいい). The machine's condition is bad「機械の調子が悪い」(きかいのちょうしがわるい). Additionally, '調子' can also refer to the tone or rhythm in music, but this usage is less common in everyday conversation. For example: The rhythm of the song is fast「その曲の調子が速い」(そのきょくのちょうしがはやい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2448

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This book

Reading

Kanji

書Write 本Book, Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本書 (ほんしょ)' refers to 'this book' or 'the present book'. It is often used in formal or written contexts to refer to the book being discussed or the book in question. For example: Please refer to this book for more details「詳細については本書をご参照ください」(しょうさいについてはほんしょをごさんしょうください). This book contains important information「本書には重要な情報が含まれています」(ほんしょにはじゅうようなじょうほうがふくまれています). The term is commonly used in academic, legal, or technical documents to specify the book being referenced.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Set

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'セット (setto)' means 'set'. It is used to describe the act of arranging or preparing something in a specific way, often in contexts like setting up equipment, arranging items, or preparing a scene. For example: I set the table「テーブルをセットした」(てーぶるをせっとした). The stage was set for the performance「舞台がセットされた」(ぶたいがせっとされた). This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts, and it can also refer to a set of items, such as a 'set of tools' (ツールのセット, つーるのせっと).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2450

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Backward

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後ろ向き (うしろむき)' literally means 'facing backward' and is often used metaphorically to describe a backward-looking or pessimistic attitude. It can refer to physical orientation, such as facing away from something, or a mindset that is resistant to progress or change. For example: He has a backward attitude「彼は後ろ向きだ」(かれはうしろむきだ). The statue is facing backward「その像は後ろ向きです」(そのぞうはうしろむきです). This word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2451

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thick, Dark

Reading

Kanji

濃Thick

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '濃い (こい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'thick', which is used to describe something with a high density or viscosity, such as a liquid or a substance. For example: this soup is thick「このスープは濃い」(このスープはこい). The second meaning is 'dark', which is used to describe colors or shades that are deep or intense. For example: the color of this shirt is dark「このシャツの色は濃い」(このシャツのいろはこい). The adjective can also be used metaphorically to describe strong flavors or intense emotions. For instance: the coffee has a strong flavor「コーヒーの味が濃い」(コーヒーのあじがこい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2452

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Network

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ネットワーク (nettowaaku)' means 'network'. It refers to a system of interconnected elements, such as computers, people, or organizations, that communicate or work together. This term is commonly used in technology, business, and social contexts. For example: The company has a global network「その会社はグローバルなネットワークを持っている」(そのかいしゃはぐろーばるなネットワークをもっている). I joined a professional network「私はプロフェッショナルネットワークに参加した」(わたしはぷろふぇっしょなるネットワークにさんかした). The internet is a vast network「インターネットは広大なネットワークです」(いんたーねっとはこうだいなネットワークです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2453

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Day after tomorrow

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 明Bright 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '明々後日 (しあさって)' refers to 'the day after tomorrow'. This word is used to specify a day that is two days after the current day. It is a more formal or specific term compared to '明後日 (あさって)', which also means 'the day after tomorrow'. Example sentences include: I will visit you the day after tomorrow「明々後日にあなたを訪ねます」(しあさってにあなたをたずねます). The meeting is scheduled for the day after tomorrow「会議は明々後日に予定されています」(かいぎはしあさってによていされています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2454

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stomach

Reading

Kanji

腹Abdomen 御Honorable, General honorific term

Explanation

The Japanese noun '御腹 (おなか)' means 'stomach'. This word is commonly used to refer to the physical stomach or abdomen area of a person or animal. It can also be used more generally to talk about hunger or the state of one's stomach. For example: my stomach is full「私の御腹はいっぱいです」(わたしのおなかはいっぱいです). I have a stomach ache「御腹が痛いです」(おなかがいたいです). The term is polite and often used in everyday conversation. It is important to note that '御腹' is a more formal or polite version of '腹 (はら)', which also means 'stomach' but is less formal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2455

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last night

Reading

Kanji

昨Yesterday, Previous 晩Evening, Nightfall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昨晩 (さくばん)' means 'last night'. It is used to refer to the night before the current day. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to talk about events or actions that occurred the previous night. For example: I met him last night「昨晩彼に会いました」(さくばんかれにあいました). Did you sleep well last night?「昨晩はよく眠れましたか？」(さくばんはよくねむれましたか？). Note that '昨晩' is a specific time reference and is often used in past-tense sentences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2456

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boy

Reading

Kanji

男Man 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '男の子 (おとこのこ)' means 'boy'. It is used to refer to a male child or young male. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and is neutral in tone. For example: That boy is running「あの男の子は走っている」(あのおとこのこははしっている). I saw a boy at the park「公園で男の子を見た」(こうえんでおとこのこをみた). The term can also be used to describe a young male in general, such as in the phrase '男の子の友達 (おとこのこのともだち)' which means 'a boy friend'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2457

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Creation

Reading

Kanji

造Make, Build 創Create

Explanation

The Japanese noun '創造 (そうぞう)' means 'creation'. It refers to the act of bringing something into existence, often used in contexts involving art, innovation, or the universe. For example: the creation of the universe「宇宙の創造」(うちゅうのそうぞう). This word can also imply a sense of originality and imagination, as in: the creation of new ideas「新しいアイデアの創造」(あたらしいアイデアのそうぞう). It is commonly used in both artistic and scientific contexts to denote the process of making something new and unique.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2458

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Violence

Reading

Kanji

暴Violent, Outburst 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '暴力 (ぼうりょく)' means 'violence'. It refers to the use of physical force to harm or damage someone or something. This word is often used in contexts related to crime, conflict, or abuse. For example: Violence is not the answer「暴力は答えではない」(ぼうりょくはこたえではない). He was arrested for domestic violence「彼は家庭内暴力で逮捕された」(かれはかていないぼうりょくでたいほされた). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe forceful or aggressive actions in non-physical contexts, such as 'verbal violence' or 'structural violence'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2459

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Increase, Upload

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'アップ (appu)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'upload', commonly used in the context of digital media, such as uploading photos or videos to the internet. For example: I uploaded the photo「写真をアップした」(しゃしんをアップした). The second meaning is 'increase', often used in contexts like raising prices or improving performance. For example: The company increased the price「会社は価格をアップした」(かいしゃはかかくをアップした). It's important to note that 'アップ' is a loanword from English, and its usage is prevalent in modern Japanese, especially in technology and business contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2460

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fall

Reading

Kanji

降Descend, Fall

Explanation

The Japanese verb '降る (ふる)' primarily means 'to fall' and is most commonly used to describe precipitation, such as rain or snow. It is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. For example: it is raining「雨が降っている」(あめがふっている). It snowed yesterday「昨日雪が降った」(きのうゆきがふった). While '降る' is most often associated with weather, it can also be used metaphorically or in other contexts where something descends or falls, though this is less common. For instance: tears fell「涙が降った」(なみだがふった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2461

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eating out

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '外食 (がいしょく)' refers to the act of eating out or dining outside the home, typically at restaurants, cafes, or other food establishments. It is commonly used to describe the practice of consuming meals prepared by others rather than cooking at home. For example: I often eat out「私はよく外食します」(わたしはよくがいしょくします). Eating out is convenient「外食は便利です」(がいしょくはべんりです). This term is often used in contexts discussing lifestyle, convenience, or dietary habits.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2462

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Event

Reading

Kanji

来Come 出Exit 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出来事 (できごと)' means 'event' or 'incident'. It refers to something that happens or occurs, often with a sense of significance or importance. This word is commonly used to describe notable occurrences, whether they are personal, historical, or everyday events. For example: That was an unexpected event「それは予期しない出来事だった」(それはよきしないできごとだった). The events of that day changed everything「その日の出来事がすべてを変えた」(そのひのできごとがすべてをかえた). The word can also imply a sense of narrative or story, as in 'a series of events'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Combine, Team up

Reading

Kanji

組Association, Group (of people)

Explanation

The Japanese verb '組む (くむ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to combine' or 'to assemble', often used when referring to putting together parts or pieces to form something. The second meaning is 'to team up' or 'to partner with someone', used in contexts where people collaborate or form a group. For example: Let's team up and work together「一緒に組んで仕事をしよう」(いっしょにくんでしごとをしよう). He assembled the furniture「彼は家具を組んだ」(かれはかぐをくんだ). The verb can also be used in various contexts, such as forming a team, creating a plan, or even intertwining objects.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2464

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bread

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食パン (しょくぱん)' refers to a type of bread, specifically a loaf of white bread that is commonly eaten in Japan. It is often used for making toast or sandwiches. The term is derived from '食' meaning 'food' or 'eating' and 'パン' which is the Japanese word for 'bread', borrowed from Portuguese. Example sentences: I bought bread at the bakery「パン屋で食パンを買いました」(ぱんやでしょくぱんをかいました). This bread is very soft「この食パンはとても柔らかいです」(このしょくぱんはとてもやわらかいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2465

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Earnest

Reading

Kanji

命Command, Life 懸Suspend

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '懸命 (けんめい)' means 'earnest' or 'doing one's utmost'. It describes a state of putting in great effort or being very serious about something. This term is often used to commend someone's dedication or hard work. For example: He is earnest in his studies「彼は勉強に懸命だ」(かれはべんきょうにけんめいだ). She worked hard to achieve her goal「彼女は目標を達成するために懸命に働いた」(かのじょはもくひょうをたっせいするためにけんめいにはたらいた). The word can also imply a sense of desperation or urgency in certain contexts, highlighting the intensity of the effort being made.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2466

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Also

Reading

Kanji

同Same

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '同じく (おなじく)' means 'also' or 'likewise'. It is used to indicate that something is the same as what has just been mentioned, or to agree with a previous statement. This word is often used in formal or written contexts, and can be used to express agreement or similarity. For example: I also think so「私も同じくそう思います」(わたしもおなじくそうおもいます). He is also a student「彼も同じく学生です」(かれもおなじくがくせいです). Note that '同じく' can sometimes be used to mean 'similarly' or 'in the same way', but the core meaning remains 'also'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2467

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Murder

Reading

Kanji

殺Kill 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '殺人 (さつじん)' means 'murder'. It refers to the act of intentionally killing another person. This word is often used in legal, criminal, or dramatic contexts. For example: The detective solved the murder「探偵は殺人を解決した」(たんていはさつじんをかいけつした). The movie is about a series of murders「その映画は連続殺人についてです」(そのえいがはれんぞくさつじんについてです). Note that '殺人' is a formal term and is not used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2468

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Right hand

Reading

Kanji

右Right 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '右手 (みぎて)' means 'right hand'. It refers specifically to the hand on the right side of the body. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts to describe actions or positions involving the right hand. For example: I write with my right hand「私は右手で書きます」(わたしはみぎてでかきます). He raised his right hand「彼は右手を上げた」(かれはみぎてをあげた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is supportive or helpful, as in 'right-hand man' (though this is less common in Japanese).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2469

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Start saying

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese verb '言い出す (いいだす)' means 'to start saying' or 'to bring up (a topic)'. It is used when someone begins to say something, often something that might be unexpected, surprising, or difficult to say. This verb can also imply initiating a conversation or introducing a new topic. For example: He started saying something strange「彼は変なことを言い出した」(かれはへんなことをいいだした). She brought up the idea of moving「彼女は引っ越しの話を言い出した」(かのじょはひっこしのはなしをいいだした). The verb is often used in contexts where the speaker is hesitant or the topic is sensitive.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2470

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loanword

Reading

Kanji

来Come 語Language, Word 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外来語 (がいらいご)' refers to a 'loanword', which is a word adopted from a foreign language and incorporated into Japanese. These words are often written in katakana to distinguish them from native Japanese words or Sino-Japanese vocabulary. Loanwords are commonly derived from English, Portuguese, Dutch, and other languages, reflecting Japan's historical and cultural exchanges. For example: 'computer' is a loanword「コンピュータは外来語です」(コンピュータはがいらいごです). 'Bread' is also a loanword「パンは外来語です」(パンはがいらいごです). Loanwords are widely used in modern Japanese, especially in fields like technology, fashion, and food.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2471

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

English writing

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 英England, Distinguished

Explanation

The Japanese noun '英文 (えいぶん)' refers to 'English writing' or 'text written in English'. It is commonly used to describe documents, articles, or any written material composed in the English language. For example: This is an English document「これは英文です」(これはえいぶんです). I read an English article「英文の記事を読みました」(えいぶんのきじをよみました). The term is often used in academic, professional, or formal contexts to specify that the content is in English.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2472

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Painful

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '苦しい (くるしい)' primarily means 'painful'. It is used to describe physical pain, emotional distress, or difficult situations. This word can also imply a sense of struggle or hardship. For example: my chest feels painful「胸が苦しい」(むねがくるしい). It was a painful decision「それは苦しい決断だった」(それはくるしいけつだんだった). In some contexts, it can also describe something that is hard to endure or tolerate, such as a tight schedule or a challenging task.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2473

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Draft

Reading

Kanji

書Write 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下書き (したがき)' refers to a preliminary version of a written work, such as an essay, letter, or drawing. It is used to describe the initial sketch or outline before the final version is completed. For example: I wrote a draft of my essay「私はエッセイの下書きを書いた」(わたしはエッセイのしたがきをかいた). Please review this draft「この下書きを確認してください」(このしたがきをかくにんしてください). The term emphasizes the preparatory nature of the work, often implying that revisions or improvements will follow.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2474

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plural

Reading

Kanji

数Number 複Duplicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '複数 (ふくすう)' means 'plural'. It is used to refer to more than one of something, often in contrast to '単数 (たんすう)' which means 'singular'. This term is commonly used in grammar, mathematics, and general contexts where distinguishing between one and multiple items is necessary. For example: there are plural answers to this question「この質問には複数の答えがある」(このしつもんにはふくすうのこたえがある). The committee consists of plural members「委員会は複数のメンバーで構成されている」(いいんかいはふくすうのメンバーでこうせいされている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2475

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Postscript

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 書Write

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後書き (あとがき)' refers to a 'postscript' or 'afterword' in a written work. It is typically found at the end of books, essays, or letters, where the author provides additional comments, reflections, or acknowledgments. This section is often used to explain the context of the work, share personal thoughts, or thank contributors. For example: The author's postscript was very touching「著者の後書きはとても感動的でした」(ちょしゃのあとがきはとてもかんどうてきでした). I always read the postscript first「私はいつも後書きを先に読みます」(わたしはいつもあとがきをさきによみます). The term can also be used metaphorically to refer to a concluding remark or final note in any context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2476

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Program

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'プログラム (ぷろぐらむ)' means 'program'. This word is commonly used to refer to a set of instructions or a plan for a computer to execute, such as software or an application. It can also refer to a schedule or lineup of events, such as a TV program or a concert program. For example: I wrote a new program「新しいプログラムを書いた」(あたらしいぷろぐらむをかいた). The program for the festival is very interesting「フェスティバルのプログラムはとても面白い」(ふぇすてぃばるのぷろぐらむはとてもおもしろい). The word is a loanword from English and is written in katakana to reflect its foreign origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2477

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opening

Reading

Kanji

開Open 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '開会 (かいかい)' refers to the act of opening or commencing a meeting, conference, or event. It is commonly used in formal contexts to denote the start of organized gatherings. For example: The opening of the conference will be at 10 AM「開会は午前10時です」(かいかい は ごぜん じゅうじ です). The chairman declared the meeting open「議長が開会を宣言しました」(ぎちょう が かいかい を せんげん しました). This term is often paired with words like 'ceremony' or 'speech' to specify the nature of the opening event, such as '開会式 (かいかいしき) (opening ceremony)' or '開会の挨拶 (かいかい の あいさつ) (opening speech).'

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2478

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Basis, Grounds

Reading

Kanji

根Root 拠Basis, Based on

Explanation

The Japanese noun '根拠 (こんきょ)' refers to the foundation, basis, or grounds for something, such as an argument, belief, or decision. It implies a logical or factual support for a claim or idea. This word is often used in formal or academic contexts. For example: There is no basis for that claim「その主張には根拠がない」(そのしゅちょうにはこんきょがない). The grounds for this decision are unclear「この決定の根拠は不明だ」(このけっていのこんきょはふめいだ). Note that '根拠' is distinct from similar words like '理由 (りゆう)' (reason) or '原因 (げんいん)' (cause), as it specifically emphasizes the evidence or foundation supporting something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2479

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sword

Reading

Kanji

剣Sword

Explanation

The Japanese noun '剣 (けん)' refers to a 'sword'. This term is used to describe a bladed weapon typically used in combat or martial arts. It carries historical and cultural significance in Japan, often associated with samurai and traditional Japanese swordsmanship. Example sentences: He wielded a sharp sword「彼は鋭い剣を振るった」(かれはするどいけんをふるった). The sword is a symbol of the samurai「剣は侍の象徴だ」(けんはさむらいのしょうちょうだ). Note that '剣' can also appear in compound words, such as '剣術 (けんじゅつ)' meaning 'swordsmanship'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2480

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tackle

Reading

Kanji

取Take 組Association, Group (of people)

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り組む (とりくむ)' means 'to tackle' or 'to engage in' a task, problem, or challenge. It implies a serious and dedicated effort to address or solve something. This verb is often used in contexts involving work, studies, or personal challenges. For example: He is tackling a difficult project「彼は難しいプロジェクトに取り組んでいる」(かれはむずかしいプロジェクトにとりくんでいる). She is working hard to solve the problem「彼女はその問題に真剣に取り組んでいる」(かのじょはそのもんだいにしんけんにとりくんでいる). The verb can also be used in sports or competitions to describe actively engaging in a match or event.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2481

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Match, Adjust

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '合わす (あわす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to match' or 'to make something match', such as aligning two things in harmony. For example: I matched the colors「色を合わした」(いろをあわした). The second meaning is 'to adjust' or 'to adapt', such as modifying something to fit a situation. For example: He adjusted the schedule to fit everyone「彼はスケジュールを皆に合わした」(かれはスケジュールをみんなにあわした). This verb is often used in contexts where coordination or synchronization is required, and it can apply to both physical and abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2482

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Working adult

Reading

Kanji

人Person 社Company 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '社会人 (しゃかいじん)' refers to a 'working adult' or someone who is part of society as a working member. It typically describes individuals who have graduated from school and are employed, distinguishing them from students or those not yet in the workforce. This term emphasizes the transition into societal responsibilities and professional life. Example sentences: He became a working adult last year「彼は去年社会人になりました」(かれはきょねんしゃかいじんになりました). As a working adult, I have to manage my time wisely「社会人として、時間をうまく管理しなければならない」(しゃかいじんとして、じかんをうまくかんりしなければならない).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bear

Reading

Kanji

負Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '負う (おう)' primarily means 'to bear' or 'to carry', often in the sense of responsibility, burden, or obligation. It can also imply taking on a duty or being responsible for something. For example: He bears the responsibility「彼は責任を負う」(かれはせきにんをおう). The company bears the cost「会社が費用を負う」(かいしゃがひようをおう). Additionally, '負う' can sometimes mean 'to owe', as in owing a debt or gratitude. For example: I owe him a favor「彼に恩を負う」(かれにおんをおう). This verb is often used in formal or serious contexts, emphasizing the weight or significance of what is being borne.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2484

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Magazine

Reading

Kanji

誌Magazine, Document

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '誌 (し)' is used to refer to a magazine or periodical. It is typically attached to the end of a word to indicate that it is a type of publication. For example: fashion magazine「ファッション誌」(ふぁっしょんし). Weekly magazine「週刊誌」(しゅうかんし). This suffix is commonly used in the names of magazines and other periodicals, and it helps to specify the type of content or focus of the publication.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2485

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moment

Reading

Kanji

端End, Edge 途Way, Route

Explanation

The Japanese noun '途端 (とたん)' refers to the exact moment when something happens, often implying an immediate or sudden change. It is commonly used in the structure '～た途端に' to describe an action or event that occurs right after another. For example: The moment I sat down, the phone rang「座った途端に電話が鳴った」(すわったとたんにでんわがなった). The moment he left, it started raining「彼が出た途端に雨が降り始めた」(かれがでたとたんにあめがふりはじめた). This word emphasizes the immediacy of the second action following the first.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Member

Reading

Kanji

員Member 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一員 (いちいん)' means 'member'. It refers to someone who is part of a group, team, or organization. This word is often used in formal or collective contexts, such as being a member of a company, club, or committee. For example: He is a member of the team「彼はチームの一員です」(かれはチームのいちいんです). She became a member of the committee「彼女は委員会の一員になりました」(かのじょはいいんかいのいちいんになりました). The word emphasizes the individual's role as part of a larger whole.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2487

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finishing

Reading

Kanji

上Up 仕Serve

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '仕上げ (しあげ)' refers to the act of finishing or completing something, often implying the final touches or last steps in a process. It is commonly used in contexts like crafting, construction, or any task that requires a final stage of refinement. For example: The finishing of the painting took hours「絵の仕上げに何時間もかかった」(えのしあげになんじかんもかかった). He is putting the finishing touches on the project「彼はプロジェクトの仕上げをしている」(かれはぷろじぇくとのしあげをしている). This term emphasizes the completion and refinement aspect of a task.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2488

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finish

Reading

Kanji

上Up 仕Serve

Explanation

The Japanese verb '仕上げる (しあげる)' means 'to finish' or 'to complete' something, often implying the final touches or the last steps of a process. It is commonly used in contexts where attention to detail or refinement is required, such as in cooking, crafting, or completing a project. For example: I finished the painting「絵を仕上げた」(えをしあげた). She finished preparing the meal「彼女は料理を仕上げた」(かのじょはりょうりをしあげた). The verb emphasizes the completion of a task with care and precision.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2489

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

On

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'オン (おん)' is a katakana word borrowed from English, meaning 'on'. It is commonly used in contexts related to technology, electronics, or states of being active. For example: the light is on「ライトがオンです」(らいとがおんです). The switch is on「スイッチがオンです」(すいっちがおんです). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a state of readiness or activation, such as 'being on' in a performance or task. Note that this word is often used in combination with other words, such as 'オンライン (おんらいん)' meaning 'online'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2490

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proxy

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 代Substitute, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '代理 (だいり)' means 'proxy' or 'substitute'. It refers to someone who acts on behalf of another person, often in a formal or official capacity. This term is commonly used in business, legal, and administrative contexts. For example: I will attend the meeting as a proxy「私は代理で会議に出席します」(わたしはだいりでかいぎにしゅっせきします). The lawyer acted as a proxy for the client「弁護士は依頼人の代理を務めた」(べんごしはいらいにんのだいりをつとめた). In some cases, it can also refer to a temporary replacement or stand-in, such as a substitute teacher「代理の先生」(だいりのせんせい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2491

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Key

Reading

Kanji

鍵Key

Explanation

The Japanese noun '鍵 (かぎ)' means 'key'. It refers to a physical object used to lock or unlock something, such as a door, a safe, or a car. This word is commonly used in everyday situations. For example: I lost my key「鍵をなくしました」(かぎをなくしました). Do you have the key to this door?「このドアの鍵を持っていますか？」(このドアのかぎをもっていますか？). Additionally, '鍵' can also metaphorically refer to something essential or crucial, as in 'the key to success' (成功の鍵, せいこうのかぎ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Countries

Reading

Kanji

諸Many, Various 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '諸国 (しょこく)' refers to 'countries' or 'nations', often used in a plural sense to denote multiple countries collectively. It is commonly used in formal or historical contexts to refer to various nations or regions. For example: trade relations with various countries「諸国との貿易関係」(しょこくとのぼうえきかんけい). The cultures of many countries「諸国の文化」(しょこくのぶんか). This term is often seen in historical texts or discussions about international relations, emphasizing a collective or comparative perspective on nations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2493

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flame

Reading

Kanji

炎Flame, Blaze

Explanation

The Japanese noun '炎 (ほのお)' means 'flame'. It refers to the visible, gaseous part of a fire, often characterized by its brightness and heat. This word is commonly used to describe the flames of a fire, whether natural or man-made. For example: the flame of the candle is beautiful「ろうそくの炎は美しい」(ろうそくのほのおはうつくしい). The flames rose high into the sky「炎が空高く上がった」(ほのおがそらたかくあがった). It can also be used metaphorically to describe intense emotions or passion, such as 'the flame of love'「愛の炎」(あいのほのお).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2494

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ride, Appear

Reading

Kanji

載Load, Publish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '載る (のる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to appear', often used in the context of being published or featured in media, such as newspapers, magazines, or websites. For example: my article appeared in the newspaper「私の記事が新聞に載った」(わたしのきじがしんぶんにのった). The second meaning is 'to ride', but this is less common and typically refers to objects being placed or loaded onto something, such as a vehicle or platform. For example: the luggage is riding on the truck「荷物がトラックに載っている」(にもつがトラックにのっている). Note that this verb is distinct from '乗る (のる)', which specifically means 'to ride' in the context of a person boarding a vehicle or animal.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2495

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Navy

Reading

Kanji

軍Army 海Sea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '海軍 (かいぐん)' refers to the 'navy', which is the branch of a country's armed forces that conducts military operations at sea. It is used to describe the organization, ships, and personnel involved in maritime warfare and defense. For example: The navy protects the country「海軍は国を守る」(かいぐんはくにをまもる). He joined the navy「彼は海軍に入った」(かれはかいぐんにはいった). This term is specific to military contexts and should not be confused with other maritime organizations or civilian shipping.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2496

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance, Participation

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出場 (しゅつじょう)' refers to the act of participating or appearing in an event, competition, or performance. It is commonly used in contexts such as sports, contests, or public events. For example: He will participate in the marathon「彼はマラソンに出場する」(かれはマラソンにしゅつじょうする). She made her first appearance in the national competition「彼女は全国大会に初出場した」(かのじょはぜんこくたいかいにはつしゅつじょうした). The word emphasizes the act of being present or taking part in a formal or organized setting.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2497

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Force, Momentum

Reading

Kanji

勢Power, Force

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勢い (いきおい)' primarily refers to 'momentum' or 'force'. It describes the energy or power behind a movement, action, or trend. This word is often used to describe physical force, such as the force of water or wind, as well as abstract concepts like the momentum of a situation or the vigor of a person's actions. For example: The river flows with great force「川の勢いがすごい」(かわのいきおいがすごい). The team is gaining momentum「チームの勢いが増している」(チームのいきおいがふえている). It can also describe someone's enthusiasm or drive, as in: She works with great energy「彼女は勢いよく働く」(かのじょはいきおいよくはたらく).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2498

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Current

Reading

Kanji

現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '現 (げん)' means 'current' or 'present'. It is commonly used to indicate something that is in the present time or currently existing. This prefix is often attached to nouns to form compound words. For example: current situation「現状」(げんじょう), current location「現地」(げんち), current president「現大統領」(げんだいとうりょう). It can also be used in phrases like 'the current state of affairs'「現状の状況」(げんじょうのじょうきょう). The prefix is versatile and widely used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2499

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fall, Collapse

Reading

Kanji

倒Topple, Overthrow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '倒れる (たおれる)' primarily means 'to collapse' or 'to fall'. It is used to describe something or someone falling over, collapsing, or being knocked down. This verb can be applied to physical objects, structures, or people. For example: The tree collapsed due to the strong wind「強い風で木が倒れた」(つよいかぜできがたおれた). He fell unconscious after the accident「彼は事故の後、倒れた」(かれはじこのあと、たおれた). Additionally, '倒れる' can also be used metaphorically to describe the failure or downfall of organizations, systems, or plans. For instance: The company collapsed due to financial problems「その会社は財政問題で倒れた」(そのかいしゃはざいせいもんだいでたおれた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2500

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting