言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Violation

Reading

Kanji

違Differ, Different 反Anti

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '違反 (いはん)' means 'violation'. It refers to the act of breaking a rule, law, or agreement. This term is commonly used in legal, social, or formal contexts to describe actions that go against established regulations. For example: He committed a traffic violation「彼は交通違反をした」(かれはこうつういはんをした). Violation of the contract will result in penalties「契約違反は罰則を伴います」(けいやくいはんはばっそくをともないます). Note that '違反' is often used in compound words like '交通違反 (こうつういはん)' (traffic violation) or '契約違反 (けいやくいはん)' (breach of contract).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3301

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Respond

Reading

Kanji

応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verb '応じる (おうじる)' means 'to respond' or 'to comply'. It is used when someone reacts to a request, demand, or situation, often implying a sense of obligation or adaptation. For example: he responded to the request「彼は要請に応じた」(かれはようせいにおうじた). The company complied with the regulations「会社は規制に応じた」(かいしゃはきせいにおうじた). This verb can also imply adapting to circumstances, as in '応じる力 (おうじるちから) (ability to adapt)'. It is important to note that '応じる' often carries a formal tone and is commonly used in professional or serious contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3302

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rare, Grateful

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '有り難い (ありがたい)' has two primary meanings. The first and most common meaning is 'grateful' or 'thankful', expressing deep appreciation for something received or experienced. For example: I am grateful for your help「あなたの助けは有り難い」(あなたのたすけはありがたい). The second meaning is 'rare' or 'precious', referring to something that is uncommon or hard to come by. For example: Such kindness is rare「そのような親切は有り難い」(そのようなしんせつはありがたい). The word originates from the idea that something is so rare or precious that it feels like a blessing, hence the dual meanings. It is often used in formal or heartfelt contexts to express gratitude or acknowledge the rarity of a situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3303

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thread

Reading

Kanji

糸Thread

Explanation

The Japanese noun '糸 (いと)' primarily means 'thread'. It refers to a thin, flexible strand or filament of material, often used in sewing or weaving. This word can also metaphorically represent something delicate or fine, like a thread of thought or connection. Example sentences: She bought red thread「彼女は赤い糸を買った」(かのじょはあかいいとをかった). The thread broke「糸が切れた」(いとがきれた). In some contexts, '糸' can also refer to strings in musical instruments, but this usage is less common and typically specified further.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3304

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Building, Construction

Reading

Kanji

築Build, Fabricate 構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese noun '構築 (こうちく)' refers to the act of constructing or building something, often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. Literally, it can describe the construction of physical structures, such as buildings or systems. Metaphorically, it can refer to the building of abstract concepts, such as relationships, theories, or frameworks. For example: The construction of the new bridge is progressing smoothly「新しい橋の構築が順調に進んでいます」(あたらしいはしのこうちくがじゅんちょうにすすんでいます). Building a strong relationship requires effort「強い関係の構築には努力が必要です」(つよいかんけいのこうちくにはどりょくがひつようです). The word emphasizes the process and effort involved in creating something substantial.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3305

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weight

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体重 (たいじゅう)' refers to a person's body weight. It is commonly used in contexts related to health, fitness, and medical discussions. For example: I check my weight every morning「毎朝体重を測ります」(まいあさたいじゅうをはかります). Her weight has decreased recently「最近彼女の体重が減りました」(さいきんかのじょのたいじゅうがへりました). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings. It is important to note that '体重' specifically refers to the physical measurement of weight, not metaphorical or abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3306

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Masses

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '民衆 (みんしゅう)' refers to 'the masses' or 'the general public'. It is used to describe a large group of ordinary people, often in the context of society, politics, or history. This term carries a neutral to slightly formal tone and is commonly used in discussions about collective action, public opinion, or societal movements. Example sentences: The masses supported the movement「民衆はその運動を支持した」(みんしゅうはそのうんどうをしじした). The voice of the masses cannot be ignored「民衆の声は無視できない」(みんしゅうのこえはむしできない).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3307

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

用Use 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '応用 (おうよう)' means 'application'. It refers to the act of applying knowledge, principles, or techniques to practical situations. This word is often used in academic, technical, or professional contexts to describe how theoretical concepts are put into practice. For example: the application of new technology「新しい技術の応用」(あたらしいぎじゅつのおうよう). This theory has many practical applications「この理論には多くの応用がある」(このりろんにはおおくのおうようがある). It is also commonly used in phrases like '応用科学 (おうようかがく)' (applied science) or '応用力 (おうようりょく)' (ability to apply knowledge).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3308

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tentatively

Reading

Kanji

応Answer, Respond 一One

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一応 (いちおう)' means 'tentatively' or 'for the time being'. It is often used to indicate that something is done as a preliminary measure, without full commitment or certainty. It can also imply that something is done just in case or as a formality. For example: I tentatively finished the report「一応レポートは終わらせた」(いちおうレポートはおわらせた). I checked it just in case「一応確認した」(いちおうかくにんした). This adverb is commonly used in casual and formal contexts to express a sense of provisionality or precaution.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3309

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Answer

Reading

Kanji

答Answer 回Revolve, Times (counter for occurrences)

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '回答 (かいとう)' means 'answer' or 'response'. It is commonly used in formal or written contexts, such as answering a question, survey, or inquiry. This word is often paired with verbs like 'する' to form the phrase '回答する (かいとうする)', meaning 'to answer' or 'to respond'. For example: Please answer the question「質問に回答してください」(しつもんにかいとうしてください). The company provided an answer to the inquiry「会社はその問い合わせに回答しました」(かいしゃはそのといあわせにかいとうしました). Note that '回答' is more formal than casual alternatives like '答え (こたえ)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3310

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frog

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'かえる (kaeru)' means 'frog'. This word refers to the amphibian animal known for its jumping ability and croaking sound. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can also appear in children's stories or nature-related contexts. For example: there is a frog in the pond「池にかえるがいる」(いけにかえるがいる). The frog is jumping「かえるが跳んでいる」(かえるがとんでいる). Additionally, 'かえる' can sometimes be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, but its primary meaning remains the animal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3311

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distinction

Reading

Kanji

区District 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '区別 (くべつ)' means 'distinction' or 'differentiation'. It refers to the act of distinguishing or differentiating between two or more things, ideas, or categories. This word is often used in contexts where clarity or separation is needed, such as in discussions about differences between concepts, objects, or groups. For example: It's important to make a distinction between right and wrong「正しいことと間違っていることの区別が重要です」(ただしいこととまちがっていることのくべつがじゅうようです). Can you distinguish between these two colors?「この二つの色の区別ができますか？」(このふたつのいろのくべつができますか？). The word can also be used in formal or academic contexts to describe clear categorization or separation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3312

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continent

Reading

Kanji

大Big 陸Land

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大陸 (たいりく)' means 'continent'. It refers to a large, continuous landmass on Earth, such as Asia, Africa, or North America. This term is often used in geographical or scientific contexts. For example: Asia is the largest continent「アジアは一番大きい大陸です」(アジアはいちばんおおきいたいりくです). The continent of Africa is rich in resources「アフリカ大陸は資源が豊かです」(アフリカたいりくはしげんがゆたかです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something vast or expansive, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3313

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wife

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 房Tassel, Chamber

Explanation

The Japanese noun '女房 (にょうぼう)' refers to one's wife. It is an old-fashioned and somewhat formal term, often used in historical or literary contexts. In modern Japanese, it is less commonly used in everyday conversation, where '妻 (つま)' or '奥さん (おくさん)' are more typical. However, it can still be found in traditional settings or when referring to someone else's wife in a respectful manner. Example sentences: His wife is very kind「彼の女房はとても優しい」(かれのにょうぼうはとてもやさしい). The lord's wife lived in the castle「殿様の女房は城に住んでいた」(とのさまのにょうぼうはしろにすんでいた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3314

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Greece

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ギリシャ (girisha)' refers to the country 'Greece'. It is used to denote the nation, its culture, or anything related to Greece. For example: I want to visit Greece「ギリシャに行きたいです」(ぎりしゃにいきたいです). Greek mythology is fascinating「ギリシャ神話は魅力的です」(ぎりしゃしんわはみりょくてきです). The word is written in katakana, as is common for foreign country names in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

3315

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discrimination

Reading

Kanji

差Difference 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '差別 (さべつ)' means 'discrimination'. It refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, sex, or disability. This term is often used in discussions about social issues, human rights, and equality. For example: Discrimination based on race is unacceptable「人種による差別は許されない」(じんしゅによるさべつはゆるされない). She has experienced gender discrimination at work「彼女は職場で性別による差別を経験した」(かのじょはしょくばでせいべつによるさべつをけいけんした). The word '差別' carries a strong negative connotation and is used to highlight unfair treatment or bias.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3316

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gender

Reading

Kanji

別Separate 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '性別 (せいべつ)' refers to 'gender', specifically the classification of individuals as male, female, or other. It is commonly used in contexts discussing identity, demographics, or social issues. For example: What is your gender?「あなたの性別は何ですか？」(あなたのせいべつはなんですか？). Gender equality is important「性別の平等は大切です」(せいべつのびょうどうはたいせつです). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3317

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Generally

Reading

Kanji

般Sort, Carrier 一One

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一般に (いっぱんに)' means 'generally' or 'in general'. It is used to indicate that something is true or applicable in most cases or as a general rule. This adverb is often used in formal or academic contexts to make broad statements or generalizations. For example: Generally, Japanese people are polite「一般に、日本人は礼儀正しい」(いっぱんに、にほんじんはれいぎただしい). It is generally believed that exercise is good for health「一般に、運動は健康に良いと考えられている」(いっぱんに、うんどうはけんこうにいいとかんがえられている). The adverb can also be used to introduce a commonly accepted fact or opinion.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3318

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Two

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ツー (つー)' is a loanword derived from English, meaning 'two'. It is often used in contexts related to sports, games, or casual conversations to refer to the number two. For example: the score is two to one「スコアはツー対ワンです」(すこあはつーたいわんです). In golf, it can refer to a 'two-putt': he made a two-putt「彼はツーパットを決めた」(かれはつーぱっとをきめた). This term is typically used in informal or specific contexts, such as sports commentary or casual counting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3319

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fill, Wax

Reading

Kanji

満Full

Explanation

The Japanese verb '満ちる (みちる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to fill', which refers to something becoming full or reaching capacity. For example: The glass filled with water「コップが水で満ちた」(コップがみずでみちた). The second meaning is 'to wax', specifically referring to the moon becoming fuller in its lunar cycle. For example: The moon is waxing「月が満ちている」(つきがみちている). The verb is often used in poetic or descriptive contexts, and its usage can vary depending on whether it refers to physical fullness or the lunar cycle.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3320

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Economical

Reading

Kanji

経Manage, Elapse 的Target 済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '経済的 (けいざいてき)' means 'economical'. It is used to describe something that is cost-effective, efficient, or financially prudent. This word is often used in contexts where saving money or resources is emphasized. For example: This car is economical「この車は経済的です」(このくるまはけいざいてきです). Using public transportation is economical「公共交通機関を使うのは経済的です」(こうきょうこうつうきかんをつかうのはけいざいてきです). The term can also imply a broader sense of efficiency, not just limited to financial savings.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3321

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voluntary

Reading

Kanji

自Self 的Target 主Master

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '自主的 (じしゅてき)' means 'voluntary' or 'self-directed'. It is used to describe actions, behaviors, or decisions that are undertaken by one's own initiative, without external compulsion. This word often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing independence and self-motivation. For example: She made a voluntary decision to help「彼女は自主的に助けることにした」(かのじょはじしゅてきにたすけることにした). The students organized the event voluntarily「学生たちは自主的にイベントを企画した」(がくせいたちはじしゅてきにイベントをきかくした). It is commonly used in contexts related to education, work, or personal responsibility.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3322

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reflect

Reading

Kanji

映Reflect

Explanation

The Japanese verb '映る (うつる)' primarily means 'to reflect' or 'to be reflected'. It is often used to describe how images, light, or scenes are reflected on surfaces like mirrors, water, or screens. For example: The moon is reflected in the lake「月が湖に映る」(つきがみずうみにうつる). Additionally, it can also mean 'to appear' or 'to be projected', such as in the context of images appearing on a screen: The movie is showing on the screen「映画がスクリーンに映る」(えいががスクリーンにうつる). This verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3323

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rational

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 的Target 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '合理的 (ごうりてき)' means 'rational' or 'logical'. It is used to describe something that is based on reason, logic, or efficiency. This word is often used in contexts where decisions, systems, or methods are being evaluated for their practicality or logical soundness. For example: His approach is very rational「彼のアプローチはとても合理的だ」(かれのアプローチはとてもごうりてきだ). This system is designed to be rational「このシステムは合理的に設計されている」(このシステムはごうりてきにせっけいされている). The term can also imply efficiency or being well-organized, as in '合理的な計画 (ごうりてきなけいかく) (rational plan)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3324

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soy sauce

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'しょうゆ' (shouyu) refers to 'soy sauce', a common condiment in Japanese cuisine made from fermented soybeans, wheat, salt, and water. It is used to flavor a wide variety of dishes, including sushi, noodles, and grilled meats. Example sentences: Please pass the soy sauce「しょうゆを取ってください」(しょうゆをとってください). This dish needs more soy sauce「この料理はもっとしょうゆが必要です」(このりょうりはもっとしょうゆがひつようです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3325

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boy

Reading

Kanji

坊Boy, Sonny

Explanation

The Japanese noun '坊 (ぼう)' is a colloquial term that typically refers to a young boy or a son. It is often used affectionately or informally, and can sometimes carry a slightly playful or teasing tone. For example: my son is a good boy「うちの坊はいい子だ」(うちのぼうはいいこだ). That boy is very energetic「あの坊はとても元気だ」(あのぼうはとてもげんきだ). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '坊ちゃん (ぼっちゃん)', which means 'young master' or 'son of a wealthy family'. It's important to note that while '坊' can be used to refer to boys, it is not as formal as '少年 (しょうねん)' or '男の子 (おとこのこ)', and is more commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3326

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step

Reading

Kanji

踏Step on, Step

Explanation

The Japanese verb '踏む (ふむ)' primarily means 'to step on' or 'to tread on'. It is used when referring to physically stepping on something, such as the ground or an object. It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to follow' or 'to adhere to' a procedure or rule. For example: I stepped on a bug「虫を踏んだ」(むしをふんだ). Please follow the rules「ルールを踏んでください」(ルールをふんでください). Additionally, '踏む' can be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '踏み出す (ふみだす)', which means 'to step forward' or 'to take the first step'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3327

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shift

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ずれる (zureru)' means 'to shift' or 'to be off'. It is used to describe something that has moved from its original position or is not aligned correctly. This can refer to physical objects, such as a picture frame that is crooked, or abstract concepts, such as a schedule that has been delayed. For example: the picture frame shifted「額縁がずれた」(がくぶちがずれた). The meeting time shifted「会議の時間がずれた」(かいぎのじかんがずれた). Additionally, 'ずれる' can also imply a deviation from expectations or norms, such as in '彼の考えは現実からずれている (かれのかんがえはげんじつからずれている) (His thinking is out of touch with reality).'

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3328

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formal

Reading

Kanji

式Style, Ceremony 形Shape 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '形式的 (けいしきてき)' means 'formal'. It is used to describe something that adheres strictly to established forms, rules, or conventions, often implying a lack of genuine substance or feeling. For example: The meeting was just a formality「会議は形式的なものだった」(かいぎはけいしきてきなものだった). Their apology seemed formal and insincere「彼らの謝罪は形式的で誠意が感じられなかった」(かれらのしゃざいはけいしきてきでせいいがかんじられなかった). This word is often used in contexts where actions or procedures are done out of obligation rather than genuine intent.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3329

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practical

Reading

Kanji

用Use 的Target 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '実用的 (じつようてき)' means 'practical'. It is used to describe something that is useful, functional, or suitable for everyday use. This word often emphasizes the utility or effectiveness of an object, idea, or method. For example: This tool is very practical「この道具はとても実用的です」(このどうぐはとてもじつようてきです). Her approach to problem-solving is practical「彼女の問題解決の方法は実用的です」(かのじょのもんだいかいけつのほうほうはじつようてきです). The word can also be used to describe designs, plans, or systems that are efficient and not overly complicated.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3330

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandchild

Reading

Kanji

孫Grandchildren

Explanation

The Japanese noun '孫 (まご)' means 'grandchild'. It refers to the child of one's son or daughter. This term is used in family contexts to denote the generational relationship. For example: my grandchild is cute「私の孫はかわいい」(わたしのまごはかわいい). I love spending time with my grandchildren「孫と過ごす時間が大好きです」(まごとすごすじかんがだいすきです). The term can be used for both male and female grandchildren and is a common word in family-related conversations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3331

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thrust, Poke

Reading

Kanji

突Stab, Dash

Explanation

The Japanese verb '突く (つく)' can mean 'poke' or 'thrust'. It is used to describe the action of pushing something sharply or quickly, often with a pointed object. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: he poked the balloon with a needle「彼は針で風船を突いた」(かれははりでふうせんをついた). The knight thrust his sword into the enemy「騎士は敵に剣を突いた」(きしはてきにけんをついた). Additionally, '突く' can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase 'to poke fun at someone'「人を突く」(ひとをつく).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3332

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feminine

Reading

Kanji

女Woman 的Target 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '女性的 (じょせいてき)' means 'feminine'. It is used to describe qualities, characteristics, or behaviors that are traditionally associated with women or femininity. This word can be applied to people, objects, or even abstract concepts. For example: She has a feminine way of speaking「彼女は女性的な話し方をする」(かのじょはじょせいてきなはなしかたをする). This dress has a very feminine design「このドレスはとても女性的なデザインです」(このドレスはとてもじょせいてきなデザインです). The term often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing grace, elegance, or delicacy.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3333

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Horizontal, Level

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '水平 (すいへい)' primarily means 'horizontal' or 'level'. It is used to describe something that is flat, even, or parallel to the horizon. This term is often used in contexts related to physical orientation, such as construction, design, or nature. For example: The table is perfectly level「テーブルは完全に水平です」(テーブルはかんぜんにすいへいです). The horizon looks so wide and horizontal「水平線がとても広く水平に見える」(すいへいせんがとてもひろくすいへいにみえる). Note that '水平' can also imply balance or equilibrium in certain contexts, such as in '水平な関係 (すいへいなかんけい) (a balanced relationship)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3334

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Benefit, Payment

Reading

Kanji

給Supply, Salary 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '給付 (きゅうふ)' refers to a benefit or payment provided, often in the context of social welfare, insurance, or compensation. It is commonly used in formal or official settings to describe financial support or services provided to individuals. For example: The company provides health insurance benefits「会社は健康保険の給付を提供します」(かいしゃはけんこうほけんのきゅうふをていきょうします). The government increased unemployment benefits「政府は失業給付を増やしました」(せいふはしつぎょうきゅうふをふやしました). Note that '給付' is often paired with specific types of benefits, such as '医療給付 (いりょうきゅうふ)' (medical benefits) or '失業給付 (しつぎょうきゅうふ)' (unemployment benefits).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3335

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plate

Reading

Kanji

皿Plate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '皿 (さら)' refers to a 'plate', which is a flat dish used for serving food. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as dining or cooking. For example: Please wash the plate「皿を洗ってください」(さらをあらってください). The plate is broken「皿が割れている」(さらがわれている). It can also be used in compound words, such as 'お皿 (おさら)' which is a more polite or formal way to refer to a plate. The word is straightforward and primarily used to describe the physical object.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3336

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New year

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese noun '正月 (しょうがつ)' refers to the 'New Year' period, specifically the first few days of January. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is associated with various traditions, celebrations, and customs. During this time, people often visit shrines, eat special foods like 'おせち料理 (おせちりょうり)', and spend time with family. Example sentences include: We celebrate New Year in Japan「日本では正月を祝います」(にほんではしょうがつをいわいます). I will visit my grandparents during New Year「正月に祖父母を訪ねます」(しょうがつにそふぼをたずねます). The atmosphere during New Year is very festive「正月の雰囲気はとてもお祭り気分です」(しょうがつのふんいきはとてもおまつりきぶんです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3337

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Style, Format

Reading

Kanji

様Way, Form 式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese noun '様式 (ようしき)' can mean 'style' or 'format', depending on the context. When referring to 'style', it often describes a particular manner, method, or artistic approach. For example: This painting has a unique style「この絵は独特の様式を持っている」(このえはどくとくのようしきをもっている). When referring to 'format', it is used to describe the structure or arrangement of something, such as documents or systems. For example: Please follow the specified format「指定された様式に従ってください」(していされたようしきにしたがってください). The word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts, including art, design, and administrative procedures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3338

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Horizon

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 線Line 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水平線 (すいへいせん)' refers to the 'horizon', the line where the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet. It is commonly used in contexts related to nature, travel, and scenery. For example: The sun is setting on the horizon「水平線に太陽が沈んでいる」(すいへいせんにたいようがしずんでいる). The ship disappeared beyond the horizon「船が水平線の向こうに消えた」(ふねがすいへいせんのむこうにきえた). This word is often used in poetic or descriptive language to evoke a sense of vastness or distance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3339

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Superior

Reading

Kanji

上Up 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '上等 (じょうとう)' means 'superior' or 'first-class'. It is used to describe something of high quality, excellence, or top-grade. This term can be applied to objects, services, or even situations. For example: This is a superior product「これは上等な製品です」(これはじょうとうなせいひんです). He received a first-class education「彼は上等な教育を受けた」(かれはじょうとうなきょういくをうけた). Additionally, '上等' can sometimes carry a slightly sarcastic or confrontational tone in casual speech, implying readiness to face a challenge, as in 'Bring it on! (上等だ！) (じょうとうだ！)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3340

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exaggerate

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'オーバー (oubaa)' is derived from the English word 'over' and is commonly used to mean 'exaggerate' or 'overdo'. It is often used in casual conversation to describe situations where someone is overreacting or making something seem more dramatic than it actually is. For example: You're exaggerating「オーバーだよ」(おーばーだよ). She always overreacts「彼女はいつもオーバーする」(かのじょはいつもおーばーする). It can also be used to describe something that is excessive or beyond the normal limit, such as in 'オーバーな反応 (おーばーなはんのう) (overreaction)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3341

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not yet, Still

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '未だ未だ (まだまだ)' can mean 'still' or 'not yet' depending on the context. It is often used to indicate that something is ongoing or incomplete. For example: I still have a lot to learn「私は未だ未だ学ぶことがたくさんある」(わたしはまだまだまなぶことがたくさんある). The project is not yet finished「そのプロジェクトは未だ未だ終わっていない」(そのプロジェクトはまだまだおわっていない). This adverb can also be used to express humility or modesty, as in 'I am still far from perfect'「私は未だ未だ完璧ではない」(わたしはまだまだかんぺきではない).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3342

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Touch

Reading

Kanji

触Touch, Contact

Explanation

The Japanese verb '触る (さわる)' means 'to touch'. It is used when referring to physically touching something with your hands or fingers. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as touching objects, surfaces, or even people. For example: please do not touch the painting「絵に触らないでください」(えにさわらないでください). I touched the cat and it was soft「猫に触ったらふわふわだった」(ねこにさわったらふわふわだった). It's important to note that '触る' implies a gentle or casual touch, and it is often used in situations where the act of touching is significant or noteworthy.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3343

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sudden illness

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent 病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '急病 (きゅうびょう)' means 'sudden illness.' It refers to an illness that occurs abruptly and requires immediate attention. This word is often used in contexts where someone falls sick unexpectedly and needs prompt medical care. For example: He had a sudden illness and was taken to the hospital 「彼は急病で病院に運ばれた」 (かれはきゅうびょうでびょういんにはこばれた). Due to a sudden illness, the meeting was canceled 「急病のため、会議は中止された」 (きゅうびょうのため、かいぎはちゅうしされた). This term is commonly used in medical or formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3344

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scientist

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department 者Someone 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '科学者 (かがくしゃ)' means 'scientist'. It refers to a person who is engaged in and has expert knowledge of a science, such as physics, chemistry, biology, or any other field of scientific study. This term is commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts. For example: He is a famous scientist「彼は有名な科学者です」(かれはゆうめいなかがくしゃです). Many scientists are researching climate change「多くの科学者が気候変動を研究しています」(おおくのかがくしゃがきこうへんどうをけんきゅうしています). The word is neutral and can refer to scientists of any gender or specialization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3345

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Atom

Reading

Kanji

子Child 原Meadow, Original

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原子 (げんし)' refers to an 'atom', the basic unit of matter in chemistry and physics. This term is used in scientific contexts to describe the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains its properties. For example: Atoms are the building blocks of matter「原子は物質の基本単位です」(げんしはぶっしつのきほんたんいです). The nucleus is at the center of the atom「原子核は原子の中心にあります」(げんしかくはげんしのちゅうしんにあります). The word is commonly used in fields like physics, chemistry, and engineering.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3346

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Author

Reading

Kanji

者Someone 筆Brush

Explanation

The Japanese noun '筆者 (ひっしゃ)' refers to the 'author' or 'writer' of a written work, such as a book, article, or essay. It is a formal term often used in academic or literary contexts to denote the person who has written a particular text. For example: The author of this book is famous「この本の筆者は有名です」(このほんのひっしゃはゆうめいです). The author expressed their opinion clearly「筆者は自分の意見をはっきりと述べた」(ひっしゃはじぶんのいけんをはっきりのべた). This term is typically used in third-person references and is not used to refer to oneself as the author.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3347

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Department, Subject

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学科 (がっか)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'subject', referring to a specific field of study or academic discipline, such as mathematics or history. The second meaning is 'department', referring to an academic division within a school or university, such as the Department of Engineering. For example: My favorite subject is science「私の好きな学科は科学です」(わたしのすきながっかはかがくです). She works in the English department「彼女は英語学科で働いています」(かのじょはえいごがっかではたらいています). The word is commonly used in educational contexts to describe both the field of study and the organizational unit within an institution.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3348

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Self defense

Reading

Kanji

自Self 衛Protect, Defense

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自衛 (じえい)' means 'self-defense'. It refers to the act of protecting oneself from harm or danger, often used in contexts related to personal safety, military defense, or legal rights. For example: self-defense is a basic human right「自衛は基本的な人権です」(じえいはきほんてきなじんけんです). The country strengthened its self-defense capabilities「その国は自衛能力を強化した」(そのくにはじえいのうりょくをきょうかした). This term is commonly used in discussions about national security, martial arts, or personal safety measures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3349

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dentistry

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department 歯Tooth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歯科 (しか)' refers to the field of dentistry. It is commonly used in contexts related to dental care, dental clinics, or dental professionals. For example: I went to the dentistry「歯科に行きました」(しかにいきました). She works in dentistry「彼女は歯科で働いています」(かのじょはしかではたらいています). The term is often seen in compound words like '歯科医 (しかい)' (dentist) or '歯科医院 (しかいいん)' (dental clinic).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3350

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cup

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'カップ (kappu)' refers to a 'cup', typically a drinking vessel. It is often used to describe cups used for beverages, such as coffee cups or tea cups. The word is borrowed from English and is written in katakana to reflect its foreign origin. Example sentences: Please give me a cup of coffee「コーヒーのカップをください」(コーヒーのカップをください). She bought a new cup「彼女は新しいカップを買った」(かのじょはあたらしいカップをかった). Note that 'カップ' can also refer to a cup as a unit of measurement in cooking, but this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3351

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monkey

Reading

Kanji

猿Monkey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '猿 (さる)' refers to a monkey. This word is commonly used to describe primates, particularly those found in Japan, such as the Japanese macaque. It can be used in various contexts, from literal descriptions of animals to metaphorical expressions. For example: The monkey is eating a banana「猿がバナナを食べている」(さるがバナナをたべている). There are many monkeys in the mountains「山には猿が多い」(やまにはさるがおおい). In Japanese culture, monkeys are sometimes associated with mischief or cleverness, and they appear in folklore and proverbs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3352

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ordinary, Average

Reading

Kanji

並Line, Row

Explanation

The Japanese noun '並み (なみ)' can mean 'average' or 'ordinary'. It is often used to describe something that is standard, typical, or not exceptional. For example: This is an average salary「これは並みの給料です」(これはなみのきゅうりょうです). Her skills are ordinary「彼女のスキルは並みです」(かのじょのスキルはなみです). The word can also be used to describe things that are lined up or arranged in a row, such as '並みの木 (なみのき) (a row of trees)'. However, the primary usage is to indicate something that is neither outstanding nor inferior, but rather in the middle range.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3353

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line

Reading

Kanji

列File

Explanation

The Japanese noun '列 (れつ)' primarily means 'line' or 'queue'. It refers to a sequence of people, objects, or things arranged in a straight or orderly manner. This word is commonly used in contexts such as waiting in line, forming a queue, or describing a row of items. For example: Please stand in line「列に並んでください」(れつにならんでください). There is a long line at the store「お店に長い列があります」(おみせにながいれつがあります). Additionally, '列' can also refer to a column or row in a table or chart, as in 'the first column of the table'「表の最初の列」(ひょうのさいしょのれつ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3354

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Air conditioner

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'エアコン (eakon)' is a shortened form of 'エアコンディショナー (eakondishonā)', which means 'air conditioner'. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation to refer to both cooling and heating systems. It is a loanword from English, reflecting the widespread use of air conditioning in Japan. For example: The aircon is broken「エアコンが壊れた」(えあこんがこわれた). Please turn on the aircon「エアコンをつけてください」(えあこんをつけてください). The word is often used in both residential and commercial contexts, and it is a crucial term to know for discussing comfort and climate control in Japanese settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3355

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Natural science

Reading

Kanji

自Self 科Section, Department 学Learn 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

TheJapanese noun'自然科学(しぜんかがく)'means'naturalscience'.Thistermreferstothebranchofsciencethatdealswiththephysicalworld,includingphysics,chemistry,biology,andearthsciences.Itisusedtodescribethestudyofnaturalphenomenaandthelawsthatgovernthem.Forexample:Heisstudyingnaturalscienceatuniversity「彼は大学で自然科学を勉強しています」(かれはだいがくでしぜんかがくをべんきょうしています).Naturalsciencehelpsusunderstandtheenvironment「自然科学は環境を理解するのに役立ちます」(しぜんかがくはかんきょうをりかいするのにやくだちます).Thiswordisoftenusedinacademicorformalsettings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3356

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Humanities

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 科Section, Department 人Person 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人文科学 (じんぶんかがく)' refers to the academic discipline of the humanities, which includes the study of human culture, history, literature, philosophy, and art. It is often contrasted with the natural sciences (自然科学, しぜんかがく). For example: I study humanities at university「私は大学で人文科学を勉強しています」(わたしはだいがくでじんぶんかがくをべんきょうしています). The humanities are important for understanding human culture「人文科学は人間の文化を理解するために重要です」(じんぶんかがくはにんげんのぶんかをりかいするためにじゅうようです). This term is commonly used in academic and educational contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3357

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Social science

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department 学Learn 社Company 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '社会科学 (しゃかいかがく)' refers to 'social science', which is the academic study of human society and social relationships. This term encompasses disciplines such as sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, and psychology. It is used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts to discuss the systematic study of human behavior and societal structures. For example: Social science is important for understanding society「社会科学は社会を理解するために重要です」(しゃかいかがくはしゃかいをりかいするためにじゅうようです). She is studying social science at university「彼女は大学で社会科学を勉強しています」(かのじょはだいがくでしゃかいかがくをべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3358

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suffer, Encounter

Reading

Kanji

遭Encounter, Meet with

Explanation

The Japanese verb '遭う (あう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to encounter' or 'to meet', often used in the context of encountering something unexpected or undesirable, such as an accident or misfortune. For example: I encountered a traffic jam「渋滞に遭った」(じゅうたいにあった). The second meaning is 'to suffer' or 'to experience', typically referring to experiencing something negative or unfortunate. For example: He suffered a great loss「彼は大きな損失に遭った」(かれはおおきなそんしつにあった). The verb is often used in situations where the encounter or experience is unplanned and usually negative. It is important to note that '遭う' is distinct from the more neutral verb '会う (あう)', which means 'to meet' in a general sense.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3359

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Branch

Reading

Kanji

枝Branch

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枝 (えだ)' refers to a 'branch' of a tree or plant. It is used to describe the part of a tree that grows out from the trunk or another branch, often bearing leaves, flowers, or fruit. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe branches of a family, organization, or other structures. For example: The bird is sitting on the branch「鳥が枝に止まっている」(とりがえだにとまっている). The tree has many branches「その木にはたくさんの枝がある」(そのきにはたくさんのえだがある). In a metaphorical sense, it can be used as in 'the branch of a company'「会社の枝」(かいしゃのえだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3360

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shirt

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'シャツ (shatsu)' refers to a 'shirt'. This word is commonly used to describe a piece of clothing worn on the upper body, typically with sleeves, a collar, and buttons down the front. It is often used in casual and formal contexts. For example: I bought a new shirt「新しいシャツを買いました」(あたらしいシャツをかいました). He is wearing a white shirt「彼は白いシャツを着ています」(かれはしろいシャツをきています). Note that 'シャツ' is a loanword from English, and its usage is similar to the English word 'shirt'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3361

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Life and death

Reading

Kanji

生Life 死Death

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生死 (せいし)' refers to the concepts of 'life and death' as a combined idea. It is often used in philosophical, medical, or dramatic contexts to discuss the boundary or transition between life and death. For example: The doctor fought for the patient's life and death「医者は患者の生死をかけて戦った」(いしゃはかんじゃのせいしをかけてたたかった). The samurai faced life and death in battle「侍は戦いで生死をかけた」(さむらいはたたかいでせいしをかけた). This word is commonly used in serious or profound discussions, emphasizing the gravity of the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3362

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Temperature

Reading

Kanji

温Warm 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '温度 (おんど)' refers to the degree of heat or coldness of an object or environment. It is commonly used in scientific, everyday, and weather-related contexts. For example: the temperature is high today「今日は温度が高い」(きょうはおんどがたかい). Please measure the temperature of the water「水の温度を測ってください」(みずのおんどをはかってください). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the 'temperature' of a situation, such as the mood or atmosphere, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3363

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Latter

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '後者 (こうしゃ)' means 'the latter'. It is used to refer to the second of two things or options that have been mentioned. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to compare or contrast two items. For example: Between tea and coffee, I prefer the latter「紅茶とコーヒーのうち、後者が好きです」(こうちゃとコーヒーのうち、こうしゃがすきです). When discussing two options, the latter is usually the second one mentioned. Another example: Between studying and working, the latter is more important to me now「勉強と仕事のうち、後者の方が今は重要です」(べんきょうとしごとのうち、こうしゃのほうがいまはじゅうようです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3364

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second (of time)

Reading

Kanji

秒Second (of time)

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '秒 (びょう)' means 'second' and is used as a unit of time. It is commonly attached to numbers to indicate a specific number of seconds. For example: 10 seconds「10秒」(じゅうびょう). It can also be used in expressions like 'a few seconds'「数秒」(すうびょう). This suffix is essential for discussing time durations in Japanese, whether in everyday conversation or technical contexts. Note that '秒' is always used as a suffix and never stands alone as a word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3365

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Death

Reading

Kanji

死Death 亡Death, Deceased

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '死亡 (しぼう)' means 'death'. It is used to refer to the act or state of dying, often in formal or official contexts such as medical, legal, or statistical reports. For example: The cause of death was a heart attack「死亡の原因は心臓発作でした」(しぼうのげんいんはしんぞうほっさでした). The number of deaths increased last year「死亡者数は去年増加しました」(しぼうしゃすうはきょねんぞうかしました). This term is neutral in tone and is commonly used in serious or factual contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3366

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Often

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'しょっちゅう' means 'often' and is used to describe something that happens frequently or repeatedly. It carries a casual tone and is commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: He often comes here「彼はしょっちゅうここに来る」(かれはしょっちゅうここにくる). I often forget things「私はしょっちゅう物忘れをする」(わたしはしょっちゅうものわすれをする). Note that 'しょっちゅう' implies a higher frequency than 'よく (yoku)', which also means 'often' but is more neutral in tone.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3367

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trouble

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'トラブル (とらぶる)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'trouble'. It refers to problems, difficulties, or conflicts that arise in various situations. This word is commonly used in contexts such as technical issues, interpersonal conflicts, or unexpected complications. For example: I had trouble with my computer「パソコンでトラブルがあった」(ぱそこんでとらぶるがあった). They are having relationship troubles「彼らは恋愛トラブルを抱えている」(かれらはれんあいとらぶるをかかえている). Note that 'トラブル' is often used in formal and informal settings alike, and it carries a neutral to slightly negative connotation depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3368

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Media

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'マスコミ (ますこみ)' is an abbreviation of 'マスコミュニケーション (ますこみゅにけーしょん)', which refers to 'mass communication'. It is commonly used to describe the mass media, including television, newspapers, radio, and other forms of communication that reach a large audience. The term often carries a neutral or slightly critical connotation, depending on the context, as it can imply the influence or manipulation by media. Example sentences: The media influences public opinion「マスコミは世論に影響を与える」(ますこみはよろんにえいきょうをあたえる). I don't trust the media「私はマスコミを信用しない」(わたしはますこみをしんようしない).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3369

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prohibition

Reading

Kanji

止Stop 禁Ban, Prohibition

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '禁止 (きんし)' means 'prohibition' or 'ban'. It is used to indicate that something is not allowed or is forbidden. This word is commonly seen on signs and in rules, such as 'No Smoking' or 'No Entry'. For example: Smoking is prohibited here「ここでは喫煙が禁止されています」(ここではきつえんがきんしされています). Photography is prohibited in this area「このエリアでは撮影が禁止されています」(このエリアではさつえいがきんしされています). The word '禁止' is often used in formal or official contexts to indicate rules or regulations that must be followed.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3370

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many

Reading

Kanji

多Many

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '多 (た)' means 'many' or 'much'. It is commonly used to form compound words that indicate a large quantity or variety. For example: multicultural「多文化」(たぶんか), many-sided「多面的」(ためんてき). This prefix is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe abundance or diversity. For example: This country has many cultures「この国は多文化です」(このくにはたぶんかです). The problem has many aspects「その問題は多面的です」(そのもんだいはためんてきです).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3371

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Accumulate

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'たまる (たまる)' means 'to accumulate' or 'to build up'. It is used to describe the gathering or piling up of things, such as objects, substances, or even abstract concepts like stress or emotions. For example: dust accumulates「ほこりがたまる」(ほこりがたまる). Stress builds up「ストレスがたまる」(ストレスがたまる). This verb can also imply a sense of something being stored or collected over time. It is often used in contexts where the accumulation is noticeable or has an impact, such as in 'お金がたまる (おかねがたまる) (money accumulates)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3372

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prohibit, Forbid

Reading

Kanji

禁Ban, Prohibition

Explanation

The Japanese verb '禁じる (きんじる)' means 'to forbid' or 'to prohibit'. It is used to express the act of officially or formally preventing someone from doing something. This verb is often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: Smoking is prohibited here「ここでは喫煙が禁じられています」(ここではきつえんがきんじられています). The school forbids students from using phones during class「学校は授業中の携帯電話の使用を禁じている」(がっこうはじゅぎょうちゅうのけいたいでんわのしようをきんじている). Note that '禁じる' can also imply a moral or ethical prohibition, not just a legal one.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3373

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Liquor store

Reading

Kanji

酒Alcohol, Sake 屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese noun '酒屋 (さかや)' refers to a store that sells alcoholic beverages, particularly sake, but also other types of alcohol like beer, wine, and spirits. It is a common type of shop in Japan, often found in residential neighborhoods. For example: I bought sake at the liquor store「酒屋で日本酒を買いました」(さかやでにほんしゅをかいました). The liquor store is closed today「酒屋は今日休みです」(さかやはきょうやすみです). This word is specific to the retail establishment and does not refer to bars or drinking establishments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3374

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abstinence

Reading

Kanji

酒Alcohol, Sake 禁Ban, Prohibition

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '禁酒 (きんしゅ)' refers to the act of abstaining from alcohol. It is often used in contexts where someone is avoiding alcohol for health, religious, or personal reasons. For example: He decided to practice abstinence from alcohol「彼は禁酒を決意した」(かれはきんしゅをけついした). During the month, I will abstain from drinking「今月は禁酒します」(こんげつはきんしゅします). The term can also be used in medical or recovery contexts, such as when someone is advised to stop drinking for health reasons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3375

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hard

Reading

Kanji

固Hard

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '固い (かたい)' primarily means 'hard'. It is used to describe something that is physically firm or rigid, such as a hard object or surface. For example: this bread is hard「このパンは固い」(このパンはかたい). Additionally, '固い' can also describe something that is strict, unyielding, or inflexible in a metaphorical sense, such as a strict rule or a firm belief. For example: his attitude is firm「彼の態度は固い」(かれのたいどはかたい). It is important to note that '固い' can also imply reliability or steadfastness in certain contexts, such as a strong friendship or a solid plan. For example: their friendship is strong「彼らの友情は固い」(かれらのゆうじょうはかたい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3376

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Steep

Reading

Kanji

険Dangerous, Steep

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '険しい (けわしい)' primarily means 'steep'. It is used to describe terrain or paths that are difficult to climb or traverse due to their steepness. For example: The mountain path is steep「山道は険しい」(やまみちはけわしい). Additionally, '険しい' can also describe a person's expression or situation as harsh or severe, though this usage is less common. For example: His expression was stern「彼の表情は険しかった」(かれのひょうじょうはけわしかった). The word is often used in contexts involving physical landscapes but can extend metaphorically to describe challenging situations or stern facial expressions.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3377

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mainly

Reading

Kanji

主Master

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '主に (おもに)' means 'mainly' or 'primarily'. It is used to indicate that something is the primary focus, the most important part, or the majority of a situation. This adverb is often used to describe the central aspect of an action, event, or condition. For example: I mainly eat vegetables「主に野菜を食べます」(おもにやさいをたべます). The store mainly sells books「その店は主に本を売っています」(そのみせはおもにほんをうっています). It can also be used to emphasize the primary reason or cause, as in: The delay was mainly due to traffic「遅れたのは主に渋滞が原因です」(おくれたのはおもにじゅうたいがげんいんです).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3378

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exclusion, Elimination

Reading

Kanji

排Exclude, Repudiate 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese noun '排除 (はいじょ)' refers to the act of excluding or eliminating something or someone. It is often used in contexts where something is removed or kept out, whether physically, socially, or conceptually. For example: the exclusion of harmful substances「有害物質の排除」(ゆうがいぶっしつのはいじょ). The elimination of outdated rules「古い規則の排除」(ふるいきそくのはいじょ). This word can be used in various contexts, such as social exclusion, elimination of waste, or removal of obstacles.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3379

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Limit

Reading

Kanji

限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '限 (げん)' means 'limit' or 'boundary'. It is often used to indicate a restriction, boundary, or extent of something. This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words that express a specific limit or scope. For example: time limit「時間限」(じかんげん). Capacity limit「定員限」(ていいんげん). It can also be used in phrases like '期限 (きげん)', which means 'deadline' or 'time limit'. Note that '限' is rarely used as a standalone word and is typically part of compound words or phrases.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3380

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stay

Reading

Kanji

泊Overnight, Stay overnight

Explanation

The Japanese verb '泊まる (とまる)' means 'to stay' or 'to lodge', typically referring to staying overnight at a place such as a hotel, inn, or someone's home. It is commonly used when talking about accommodations or temporary stays. For example: I stayed at a hotel「ホテルに泊まった」(ほてるにとまった). We will stay at a friend's house「友達の家に泊まる」(ともだちのいえにとまる). This verb is often used in travel or hospitality contexts and implies a temporary stay rather than permanent residence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3381

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proof, Verification

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 証Evidence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '証明 (しょうめい)' primarily means 'proof' or 'verification'. It refers to the act of proving or verifying something, often through evidence or logical reasoning. This term is commonly used in legal, scientific, and everyday contexts. For example: He provided proof of his innocence「彼は自分の無実を証明した」(かれはじぶんのむじつをしょうめいした). The experiment verified the theory「その実験は理論を証明した」(そのじっけんはりろんをしょうめいした). Note that '証明' can also be used as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '証明する (しょうめいする)', meaning 'to prove' or 'to verify'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3382

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Survival

Reading

Kanji

生Life 存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '生存 (せいぞん)' means 'survival'. It refers to the state of continuing to live or exist, especially in difficult conditions. This word is often used in contexts related to biology, ecology, or existential discussions. For example: survival of the fittest「適者生存」(てきしゃせいぞん). The survival rate of the species is low「その種の生存率は低い」(そのしゅのせいぞんりつはひくい). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in discussions about businesses or ideas surviving in a competitive environment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3383

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knowledge

Reading

Kanji

存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ご存じ (ごぞんじ)' is a polite form of '知っている (しっている)', meaning 'knowledge' or 'awareness'. It is often used in formal or respectful contexts to refer to someone's knowledge or awareness of something. For example: Do you know Mr. Tanaka?「田中さんをご存じですか？」(たなかさんをごぞんじですか？). I am aware of that matter「その件はご存じです」(そのけんはごぞんじです). This term is commonly used in business or formal conversations to show respect to the listener or the person being discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3384

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agreement

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '合意 (ごうい)' means 'agreement' or 'mutual consent'. It refers to a situation where two or more parties reach a shared understanding or decision. This term is often used in formal or legal contexts, such as contracts, negotiations, or discussions. For example: We reached an agreement「私たちは合意に達しました」(わたしたちはごういにたっしました). The agreement was signed by both parties「その合意は両者によって署名されました」(そのごういはりょうしゃによってしょめいされました). Note that '合意' emphasizes mutual understanding and consensus, rather than just a simple decision.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3385

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sheet

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'シート (shiito)' refers to a 'sheet', which can be a flat piece of material such as paper, fabric, or plastic. It is commonly used in various contexts, such as a bed sheet, a sheet of paper, or a seat cover. For example: Please hand me a sheet of paper「紙のシートをください」(かみのシートをください). The seat has a new sheet「シートに新しいカバーがついています」(シートにあたらしいカバーがついています). The word is borrowed from English and is widely understood in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3386

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overwhelm

Reading

Kanji

倒Topple, Overthrow 圧Pressure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '圧倒 (あっとう)' means 'overwhelm'. It refers to a state or action of being overwhelmingly superior or dominant in a particular situation. This word is often used to describe situations where one side has a significant advantage over the other, such as in sports, competitions, or even in emotional contexts. For example: The team's performance was overwhelming「チームのパフォーマンスは圧倒的だった」(チームのパフォーマンスはあっとうてきだった). She was overwhelmed by the beauty of the scenery「彼女は景色の美しさに圧倒された」(かのじょはけしきのうつくしさにあっとうされた). The word can also be used to describe a feeling of being overwhelmed by emotions or circumstances.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3387

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Netherlands

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'オランダ (oranda)' refers to the country 'Netherlands'. This term is commonly used in Japanese to denote the country, its people, or things related to it. Historically, 'オランダ' was also used to refer to Dutch people and Dutch-related items during the Edo period when the Netherlands was one of the few Western countries allowed to trade with Japan. Example sentences: I want to visit the Netherlands「オランダに行きたい」(オランダにいきたい). This cheese is from the Netherlands「このチーズはオランダ産です」(このチーズはオランダさんです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

3388

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disappointed

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'がっかり' expresses a feeling of disappointment or letdown. It is often used to describe a situation where one's expectations are not met, leading to a sense of sadness or discouragement. For example: I was disappointed when I heard the news「その知らせを聞いてがっかりした」(そのしらせをきいてがっかりした). He looked disappointed when he lost the game「彼は試合に負けてがっかりしたようだった」(かれはしあいにまけてがっかりしたようだった). 'がっかり' can also be used to describe a general feeling of being disheartened or dispirited, such as when plans fall through or when something doesn't go as hoped.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3389

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Authority

Reading

Kanji

権Rights, Authority 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '権限 (けんげん)' refers to 'authority' or 'power' granted to someone to perform specific actions or make decisions. It is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as in organizations, governments, or legal settings. For example: He has the authority to make decisions「彼は決定する権限を持っている」(かれはけっていするけんげんをもっている). The manager's authority was limited「マネージャーの権限は限られていた」(マネージャーのけんげんはかぎられていた). This word emphasizes the official or legal capacity to act, rather than personal influence or power.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3390

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Determination

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 決Decide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '決意 (けつい)' refers to a strong sense of determination or resolve to achieve something. It is often used in contexts where someone has made a firm decision or commitment to pursue a goal or overcome a challenge. For example: His determination to succeed is unwavering「彼の成功への決意は揺るがない」(かれのせいこうへのけついはゆるがない). She made a firm decision to change her life「彼女は人生を変える決意をした」(かのじょはじんせいをかえるけついをした). This word is commonly used in both personal and professional contexts to express a strong will or commitment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3391

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intention

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 図Map

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '意図 (いと)' means 'intention'. It refers to a purpose or plan behind an action or decision. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts to describe deliberate actions or thoughts. For example: His intention was clear「彼の意図は明らかだった」(かれのいとはあきらかだった). I didn't understand her intention「彼女の意図が理解できなかった」(かのじょのいとがりかいできなかった). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '意図的 (いとてき)' meaning 'intentional'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3392

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unit

Reading

Kanji

隊Squad 部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部隊 (ぶたい)' refers to a military or organizational unit, typically used in the context of armed forces or groups with a specific purpose. It can describe a division, squad, or team within a larger organization. For example: The special forces unit was deployed「特殊部隊が展開された」(とくしゅぶたいがてんかいされた). The rescue unit arrived quickly「救助部隊がすぐに到着した」(きゅうじょぶたいがすぐにとうちゃくした). This word is often used in formal or military contexts and carries a sense of structure and organization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3393

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pocket

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ポケット (poketto)' means 'pocket'. It refers to a small bag sewn into or on clothing, used for carrying small items. This word is a loanword from English and is commonly used in everyday conversation. For example: I put my keys in my pocket「鍵をポケットに入れた」(かぎをポケットにいれた). His pocket is full of coins「彼のポケットはコインでいっぱいだ」(かれのポケットはコインでいっぱいだ). The word is often used in contexts related to clothing, storage, or carrying small items.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3394

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mix

Reading

Kanji

交Mix

Explanation

The Japanese verb '交ぜる (まぜる)' means 'to mix'. It is used to describe the action of combining different substances, elements, or items together. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: mix the ingredients「材料を交ぜる」(ざいりょうをまぜる). He mixed truth with lies「彼は真実と嘘を交ぜた」(かれはしんじつとうそをまぜた). The verb can also imply blending or intermingling, such as mixing people in a group「グループに人を交ぜる」(グループにひとをまぜる). Note that '交ぜる' is often used interchangeably with '混ぜる (まぜる)', though '混ぜる' is more commonly used in everyday speech.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3395

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spite

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 地Ground 悪Evil

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '意地悪 (いじわる)' refers to a spiteful or mean-spirited action or behavior. It is often used to describe someone who intentionally does something to annoy, upset, or harm others. For example: He did it out of spite「彼は意地悪でそれをした」(かれはいじわるでそれをした). Don't be mean to others「他人に意地悪をしないで」(たにんにいじわるをしないで). The term can also describe a person who is habitually spiteful, as in '意地悪な人 (いじわるなひと) (a spiteful person)'. It is important to note that '意地悪' carries a negative connotation and is used to criticize such behavior.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3396

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secure

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 確Certain

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確保 (かくほ)' means 'secure' or 'ensure'. It is used to describe the act of guaranteeing or securing something, such as resources, safety, or opportunities. This term is often used in formal or business contexts. For example: We need to secure enough resources「十分な資源を確保する必要がある」(じゅうぶんなしげんをかくほするひつようがある). The company ensured the safety of its employees「会社は従業員の安全を確保した」(かいしゃはじゅうぎょういんのあんぜんをかくほした). Note that '確保' is commonly used in contexts where something is being guaranteed or made certain, such as securing a seat, ensuring safety, or guaranteeing supplies.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3397

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jump out

Reading

Kanji

飛Fly 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '飛び出す (とびだす)' means 'to jump out' or 'to leap out'. It is used to describe the action of suddenly moving out from a place, often with a sense of urgency or surprise. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The cat jumped out of the box「猫が箱から飛び出した」(ねこがはこからとびだした). He suddenly jumped out of the car「彼は急に車から飛び出した」(かれはきゅうにくるまからとびだした). In a figurative sense, it can also mean to suddenly appear or emerge, as in 'The idea jumped out at me during the meeting'「会議中にそのアイデアが飛び出した」(かいぎちゅうにそのアイデアがとびだした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3398

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slide

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'スライド (suraido)' refers to the act of sliding or moving smoothly across a surface. It can also refer to a presentation slide, commonly used in business or educational settings. For example: Please slide the door open「ドアをスライドさせてください」(ドアをスライドさせてください). I will show the next slide「次のスライドを見せます」(つぎのスライドをみせます). The word is often used in contexts involving physical movement or digital presentations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3399

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

立Stand 確Certain

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確立 (かくりつ)' means 'establishment'. It refers to the act of setting up or creating something firmly and securely, such as a system, theory, or organization. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts. For example: the establishment of a new policy「新しい方針の確立」(あたらしいほうしんのかくりつ). The theory was firmly established「その理論は確立された」(そのりろんはかくりつされた). Note that '確立' emphasizes the process of achieving stability or certainty in the creation of something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3400

Composition

kanji

Handwriting