Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Soldier

Reading

Kanji

兵Soldier 士Samurai

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兵士 (へいし)' means 'soldier'. It refers to a person who serves in an army or military force. This term is neutral and can be used to describe soldiers in any context, whether historical, modern, or fictional. For example: The soldier fought bravely「兵士は勇敢に戦った」(へいしはゆうかんにたたかった). Many soldiers were injured in the battle「多くの兵士が戦闘で負傷した」(おおくのへいしがせんとうでふしょうした). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3401

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confirmation, Finalization

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確定 (かくてい)' refers to the act of confirming or finalizing something. It is often used in contexts where decisions, plans, or details are settled and made official. For example: The schedule has been confirmed「スケジュールが確定しました」(スケジュールがかくていしました). The results have been finalized「結果が確定した」(けっかがかくていした). This term is commonly used in business, legal, and administrative settings to indicate that something is no longer subject to change.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3402

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Courage

Reading

Kanji

勇Brave 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勇気 (ゆうき)' means 'courage'. It refers to the mental or moral strength to face danger, fear, or difficulty. This word is often used in contexts where someone overcomes fear or takes a bold step despite challenges. For example: He showed great courage「彼は大きな勇気を見せた」(かれはおおきなゆうきをみせた). It takes courage to speak the truth「真実を話すには勇気がいる」(しんじつをはなすにはゆうきがいる). The word can also be used in phrases like '勇気を出す (ゆうきをだす)', which means 'to muster courage'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3403

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Certain

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '確実 (かくじつ)' means 'certain' or 'reliable'. It is used to describe something that is definite, assured, or guaranteed to happen or be true. This word often conveys a sense of confidence or trustworthiness. For example: This method is certain to work「この方法は確実にうまくいく」(このほうほうはかくじつにうまくいく). He is a reliable person「彼は確実な人だ」(かれはかくじつなひとだ). The word can also be used in contexts where something is guaranteed, such as '確実な結果 (かくじつなけっか) (certain result)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3404

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conviction

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確信 (かくしん)' means 'conviction' or 'firm belief'. It is used to express a strong sense of certainty or confidence in something. This word is often used in contexts where someone is sure about a fact, decision, or outcome. For example: I have a conviction that he will succeed「彼が成功すると確信している」(かれがせいこうするとかくしんしている). She spoke with conviction「彼女は確信を持って話した」(かのじょはかくしんをもってはなした). The word can also be used in negative forms, such as '確信がない (かくしんがない)' (lack of conviction).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3405

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Front, Major

Reading

Kanji

大Big 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大手 (おおて)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to something that is major or large-scale, often used in the context of companies or organizations. For example: a major company「大手の会社」(おおてのかいしゃ). The second meaning refers to the front or main entrance of a castle or large building. For example: the front gate of the castle「城の大手門」(しろのおおてもん). It's important to note that the context in which '大手' is used will determine which meaning is intended. In business contexts, it almost always refers to something major or large-scale, while in historical or architectural contexts, it refers to the front or main entrance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3406

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Individuality

Reading

Kanji

個Individual 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '個性 (こせい)' refers to 'individuality' or the unique characteristics that distinguish one person or thing from others. It is often used in contexts discussing personal traits, creativity, or the distinct qualities of a person or object. For example: She has a strong individuality「彼女は強い個性を持っている」(かのじょはつよいこせいをもっている). This artist's work reflects his individuality「このアーティストの作品は彼の個性を反映している」(このアーティストのさくひんはかれのこせいをはんえいしている). The word is commonly used in educational, artistic, and professional settings to emphasize the importance of uniqueness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3407

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Village

Reading

Kanji

農Agriculture 村Village

Explanation

The Japanese noun '農村 (のうそん)' refers to a 'village' or 'rural area', specifically one that is primarily focused on agriculture. This term is often used to describe small, countryside communities where farming is the main occupation. It carries a connotation of simplicity and traditional lifestyle, contrasting with urban areas. For example: I grew up in a rural village「私は農村で育ちました」(わたしはのうそんでそだちました). The rural village is surrounded by fields「その農村は畑に囲まれている」(そののうそんははたけにかこまれている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3408

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rash

Reading

Kanji

軽Lightly 率Command, Proportion

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '軽率 (けいそつ)' means 'rash' or 'thoughtless'. It is used to describe actions or decisions that are made without careful consideration, often leading to negative consequences. This word carries a nuance of criticism or disapproval, implying that the person being described acted too quickly or carelessly. For example: His decision was rash「彼の決断は軽率だった」(かれのけつだんはけいそつだった). It's rash to make promises without thinking「考えずに約束するのは軽率だ」(かんがえずにやくそくするのはけいそつだ). The word is often used in formal or serious contexts to point out a lack of prudence or responsibility.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3409

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Memory

Reading

Kanji

思Think 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '思い出 (おもいで)' means 'memory' or 'recollection'. It refers to something remembered from the past, often with a sense of nostalgia or emotional significance. This word is commonly used to describe cherished or meaningful memories. For example: This photo brings back memories「この写真は思い出を呼び起こす」(このしゃしんはおもいでをよびおこす). I have many fond memories of my childhood「私は子供時代の思い出がたくさんある」(わたしはこどもじだいのおもいでがたくさんある). The word can also be used in phrases like '思い出話 (おもいでばなし)' (a story about memories) or '思い出の場所 (おもいでのばしょ)' (a place full of memories).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3410

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bury

Reading

Kanji

埋Bury

Explanation

The Japanese verb '埋める (うめる)' primarily means 'to bury'. It is used when referring to the act of covering something completely, often in the ground, such as burying treasure or a time capsule. It can also be used metaphorically to describe hiding or concealing something, like emotions or information. For example: He buried the treasure「彼は宝物を埋めた」(かれはたからものをうめた). She buried her feelings「彼女は感情を埋めた」(かのじょはかんじょうをうめた). Additionally, '埋める' can be used in contexts like filling a gap or hole, such as filling a hole in the ground「地面の穴を埋める」(じめんのあなをうめる).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3411

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chief

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 官Government, Bureaucrat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '長官 (ちょうかん)' refers to a high-ranking official or chief, typically in a government or organizational context. It is often used to denote someone in a leadership or administrative position, such as the head of a ministry or department. For example: The chief of the police department「警察庁の長官」(けいさつちょうのちょうかん). The minister is the chief of the ministry「大臣は省の長官です」(だいじんはしょうのちょうかんです). This term carries a formal tone and is commonly used in official or bureaucratic settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3412

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Government, Office

Reading

Kanji

役Duty 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '役所 (やくしょ)' refers to a government office or administrative building where official business is conducted. It is commonly used to describe local government offices, such as city halls or municipal offices, where services like issuing documents, handling taxes, or providing public information are carried out. For example: I went to the city office to submit documents「役所に書類を提出しに行きました」(やくしょにしょるいをていしゅつにいきました). The government office is closed on weekends「役所は週末に閉まっています」(やくしょはしゅうまつにしまっています). Note that while '役所' often refers to local government offices, it can also broadly refer to any government administrative body.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3413

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

School

Reading

Kanji

校School

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '校 (こう)' means 'school' and is commonly attached to the names or types of educational institutions. It is used to specify the type of school or to refer to a particular school. For example: elementary school「小学校」(しょうがっこう), high school「高校」(こうこう), or Tokyo University「東京大学校」(とうきょうだいがくこう). This suffix is neutral in tone and is widely used in formal and informal contexts. Note that '校' can also appear in compound words related to schools, such as '校舎 (こうしゃ)' (school building) or '校長 (こうちょう)' (school principal).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tableware

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 器Vessel

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食器 (しょっき)' refers to 'tableware', which includes dishes, plates, bowls, cups, and utensils used for eating and serving food. This term is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as setting the table or washing dishes. For example: Please wash the tableware「食器を洗ってください」(しょっきをあらってください). I bought new tableware「新しい食器を買いました」(あたらしいしょっきをかいました). The word is neutral and can refer to any type of tableware, whether it's made of ceramic, glass, metal, or other materials.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3415

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mood

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 嫌Dislike

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機嫌 (きげん)' refers to someone's mood or state of mind. It is often used to describe whether someone is in a good or bad mood. For example: Her mood is good today「彼女の機嫌は今日良い」(かのじょのきげんはきょうよい). He is in a bad mood「彼は機嫌が悪い」(かれはきげんがわるい). The word can also be used in greetings like 'ご機嫌いかが？ (ごきげんいかが？)', which means 'How are you?' or 'How is your mood?'. It is important to note that '機嫌' is often used in formal or polite contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3416

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opportunity

Reading

Kanji

序Beginning, Preface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '序で (ついで)' refers to an opportunity or a convenient moment to do something. It is often used when someone is already doing something and takes the chance to do another related task. For example: While you're at the store, could you buy some milk?「お店に行くついでに牛乳を買ってきてくれる？」(おみせにいくついでにぎゅうにゅうをかってきてくれる？). I'll clean the kitchen while I'm at it「キッチンを掃除するついでに片付けよう」(キッチンをそうじするついでにかたづけよう). This word is commonly used in casual conversations and implies making the most of a situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3417

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Skillful

Reading

Kanji

器Vessel 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '器用 (きよう)' means 'skillful' or 'dexterous'. It is used to describe someone who is adept at handling tasks, especially those requiring manual dexterity or cleverness. This word can also imply versatility and the ability to adapt to various situations. For example: He is skillful with his hands「彼は手先が器用だ」(かれはてさきがきようだ). She is skillful at solving problems「彼女は問題を解決するのが器用だ」(かのじょはもんだいをかいけつするのがきようだ). Note that '器用' often carries a positive connotation, highlighting someone's ability to perform tasks efficiently and with ease.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3418

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Classical

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'クラシック (kurashikku)' refers to something that is classical, particularly in the context of music, art, or culture. It is often used to describe things that are traditional, timeless, or of historical significance. For example: I like classical music「私はクラシック音楽が好きです」(わたしはクラシックおんがくがすきです). This is a classical painting「これはクラシックな絵画です」(これはクラシックなかいがです). The term can also be used more broadly to describe anything that is classic or traditional in style, not limited to just music or art.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

3419

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nest

Reading

Kanji

巣Nest

Explanation

The Japanese noun '巣 (す)' means 'nest'. This word is used to describe the structure built by birds, insects, or other animals to lay eggs or raise their young. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a place where people gather or live, often with a negative connotation. For example: a bird's nest「鳥の巣」(とりのす). The criminal's hideout was like a nest「犯罪者の隠れ家は巣のようだった」(はんざいしゃのかくれがはすのようだった). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '蜘蛛の巣 (くものす)' (spider's web).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3420

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun 'こいつ (こいつ)' is a colloquial and informal way to refer to a person or thing, often translated as 'this' or 'this one'. It is typically used in casual speech and can carry a slightly derogatory or dismissive tone depending on the context. For example: Who is this guy?「こいつは誰だ？」(こいつはだれだ？). This thing is broken「こいつは壊れてる」(こいつはこわれてる). It's important to note that 'こいつ' is not polite and should be avoided in formal situations. It is often used among friends or in situations where the speaker is expressing frustration or annoyance.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Frequency

3421

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Praise

Reading

Kanji

褒Praise

Explanation

The Japanese verb '褒める (ほめる)' means 'to praise' or 'to compliment'. It is used when expressing admiration or approval for someone's actions, qualities, or achievements. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal settings. For example: The teacher praised the student「先生は生徒を褒めた」(せんせいはせいとをほめた). I praised my friend for her hard work「私は友達の努力を褒めた」(わたしはともだちのどりょくをほめた). Note that '褒める' is often used in contexts where positive reinforcement or encouragement is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3422

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Receiver

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 話Talk 器Vessel

Explanation

The Japanese noun '受話器 (じゅわき)' refers to the 'receiver' of a telephone, the part of the phone that you hold to your ear to listen and speak. It is commonly used in the context of telecommunication devices. Example sentences: Please pick up the receiver「受話器を取ってください」(じゅわきをとってください). The receiver is broken「受話器が壊れています」(じゅわきがこわれています). This word is specific to telephones and does not refer to other types of receivers, such as those used in electronics or sports.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3423

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fire extinguisher

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 火Fire 器Vessel

Explanation

The Japanese noun '消火器 (しょうかき)' refers to a 'fire extinguisher', a device used to put out fires. It is commonly found in buildings, vehicles, and public spaces for safety purposes. Example sentences: Please use the fire extinguisher in case of emergency「緊急時には消火器を使ってください」(きんきゅうじにはしょうかきをつかってください). The fire extinguisher is located near the exit「消火器は出口の近くにあります」(しょうかきはでぐちのちかくにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3424

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ratio

Reading

Kanji

比Compare, Ratio 率Command, Proportion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '比率 (ひりつ)' means 'ratio'. It refers to the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other. This term is commonly used in mathematical, scientific, and financial contexts to describe proportions or comparative relationships. For example: The ratio of men to women is 2:1「男性と女性の比率は2:1です」(だんせいとじょせいのひりつは2:1です). The ratio of sugar to flour in this recipe is 1:3「このレシピの砂糖と小麦粉の比率は1:3です」(このレシピのさとうとこむぎこのひりつは1:3です).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interview, Coverage

Reading

Kanji

取Take 材Materials, Timber

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '取材 (しゅざい)' refers to the act of gathering information, typically for news reporting or research. It can mean 'coverage' in the context of media reporting, or 'interview' when referring to the process of questioning someone to gather information. For example: The journalist is doing coverage of the event「記者がイベントの取材をしている」(きしゃがイベントのしゅざいをしている). She conducted an interview with the author「彼女は著者に取材をした」(かのじょはちょしゃにしゅざいをした). The word is often used in professional contexts, particularly in journalism and media.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3426

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Executive

Reading

Kanji

幹Trunk, Main 部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '幹部 (かんぶ)' refers to an executive or a high-ranking official within an organization, such as a company, political party, or other group. It typically denotes someone in a leadership or managerial position who holds significant responsibility. For example: The executive made an important decision「幹部が重要な決定をした」(かんぶがじゅうようなけっていをした). She is a member of the company's executive team「彼女は会社の幹部です」(かのじょはかいしゃのかんぶです). The term is often used in formal or professional contexts and emphasizes the person's role in decision-making and leadership.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3427

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Settle, Obtain

Reading

Kanji

収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese verb '収める (おさめる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to obtain' or 'to receive,' often used in contexts where something is acquired or gained, such as profits, results, or achievements. For example: He obtained great results「彼は素晴らしい結果を収めた」(かれはすばらしいけっかをおさめた). The second meaning is 'to settle' or 'to put something in its proper place,' often used in contexts where something is stored, resolved, or concluded. For example: She settled the matter peacefully「彼女はその問題を平和的に収めた」(かのじょはそのもんだいをへいわてきにおさめた). The verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3428

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lumber

Reading

Kanji

材Materials, Timber 木Tree, Wood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '材木 (ざいもく)' refers to 'lumber' or 'timber', which is wood that has been processed into beams and planks, a stage in the process of wood production. It is commonly used in construction and carpentry. For example: The house is built with high-quality lumber「その家は高品質の材木で建てられている」(そのいえはこうひんしつのざいもくでたてられている). We need to buy more lumber for the project「プロジェクトのために材木をもっと買う必要がある」(プロジェクトのためにざいもくをもっとかうひつようがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3429

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Base

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ベース (beesu)' means 'base'. This word is often used in various contexts, such as in sports to refer to a base in baseball, or in music to refer to the bass (low-frequency sound). It can also be used more generally to refer to a foundation or starting point. For example: He hit a home run and ran around the bases「彼はホームランを打ってベースを回った」(かれはほーむらんをうってべーすをまわった). The bass in this song is very strong「この曲のベースはとても強い」(このきょくのべーすはとてもつよい). The company's base is in Tokyo「会社のベースは東京にある」(かいしゃのべーすはとうきょうにある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3430

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Term

Reading

Kanji

用Use 語Language, Word

Explanation

The Japanese noun '用語 (ようご)' refers to a 'term' or 'word' used in a specific context, field, or discipline. It is often used to describe specialized vocabulary or jargon. For example: This term is used in medicine「この用語は医学で使われます」(このようごはいがくでつかわれます). Please explain the meaning of this term「この用語の意味を説明してください」(このようごのいみをせつめいしてください). The word can also imply the proper or formal usage of language in a particular setting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3431

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nagasaki

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ナガサキ' refers to the city of Nagasaki, located in the southwestern part of Japan. Nagasaki is historically significant as one of the two cities (along with Hiroshima) that were targeted by atomic bombings during World War II. It is also known for its rich cultural heritage, including its historical ties to international trade and its unique blend of Japanese and Western influences. Example sentences: I visited Nagasaki last year「去年ナガサキを訪れました」(きょねんながさきをおとずれました). Nagasaki is famous for its night view「ナガサキは夜景で有名です」(ながさきはやけいでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

3432

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Asset

Reading

Kanji

財Wealth

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '財 (ざい)' means 'asset' or 'wealth'. It is commonly used in compound words to refer to financial or material resources. For example: national wealth「国財」(こくざい). This suffix is often found in formal or economic contexts. Another example: financial assets「金融財」(きんゆうざい). It is important to note that '財' is rarely used alone and is typically part of a larger word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3433

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tool, Appliance

Reading

Kanji

器Vessel 具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese noun '器具 (きぐ)' refers to tools or appliances used for specific tasks. It can denote a wide range of devices, from household appliances to specialized tools. For example: I bought a new kitchen appliance「新しいキッチン器具を買いました」(あたらしいキッチンきぐをかいました). The workshop has various tools「その作業場には様々な器具があります」(そのさぎょうばにはさまざまなきぐがあります). The word is often used in contexts related to equipment or instruments necessary for particular activities, such as cooking, construction, or scientific experiments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3434

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rainwear

Reading

Kanji

雨Rain 具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese noun '雨具 (あまぐ)' refers to 'rainwear' or items used to protect oneself from rain. This includes items like raincoats, umbrellas, and waterproof boots. It is a compound word combining '雨 (あめ)' meaning 'rain' and '具 (ぐ)' meaning 'equipment' or 'gear'. Example sentences: Don't forget your rainwear「雨具を忘れないで」(あまぐをわすれないで). I bought new rainwear for the rainy season「梅雨に備えて新しい雨具を買った」(つゆにそなえてあたらしいあまぐをかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3435

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

London

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ロンドン (ろんどん)' refers to the capital city of England, London. It is written in katakana as it is a foreign place name. This word is used in the same way as in English, to refer to the city itself or things related to it. For example: I went to London「ロンドンに行きました」(ろんどんにいきました). London is a big city「ロンドンは大きな街です」(ろんどんはおおきなまちです). The pronunciation is adapted to fit Japanese phonetics, but the meaning remains the same as in English.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

3436

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

People

Reading

Kanji

方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '方々 (かたがた)' is a polite and respectful way to refer to people, often used in formal or respectful contexts. It is a plural form of '方 (かた)', which is a polite way to refer to an individual. This term is commonly used in speeches, letters, or formal settings to address a group of people respectfully. For example: I would like to thank all the people who attended「ご来場の方々に感謝申し上げます」(ごらいじょうのかたがたにかんしゃもうしあげます). The people gathered here are all very kind「ここに集まった方々は皆とても親切です」(ここにあつまったかたがたはみなとてもしんせつです). Note that '方々' is more formal than '人々 (ひとびと)' and is often used to show respect or deference.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3437

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Motive

Reading

Kanji

動Move 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '動機 (どうき)' refers to a 'motive' or 'reason' behind an action or decision. It is often used in contexts involving personal intentions, such as in criminal investigations, personal goals, or artistic inspiration. For example: His motive for the crime was unclear「彼の犯罪の動機は不明だった」(かれのはんざいのどうきはふめいだった). The motive behind her decision was her family「彼女の決断の動機は家族だった」(かのじょのけつだんのどうきはかぞくだった). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to discuss the underlying reasons for actions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3438

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Semi express

Reading

Kanji

準Follow, Semi 急Urgent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '準急 (じゅんきゅう)' refers to a type of train service that is faster than local trains but slower than express trains. It is often used in the context of public transportation to describe trains that make fewer stops than local trains but more stops than express trains. For example: I took the semi-express train「準急に乗りました」(じゅんきゅうにのりました). The semi-express train stops at major stations「準急は主要な駅に停まります」(じゅんきゅうはしゅようなえきにとまります). This term is commonly used in train schedules and announcements to help passengers understand the level of service provided by the train.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3439

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exercise

Reading

Kanji

行Go 使Use

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行使 (こうし)' means 'exercise' in the sense of using or applying something, such as authority, rights, or power. It is often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: The government exercised its authority「政府は権力を行使した」(せいふはけんりょくをこうしした). He exercised his right to vote「彼は投票権を行使した」(かれはとうひょうけんをこうしした). This word is commonly used in discussions about legal rights, political power, or decision-making processes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3440

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '設立 (せつりつ)' means 'establishment' or 'founding'. It refers to the act of setting up or creating an organization, institution, or company. This term is commonly used in formal contexts, such as business or legal settings. For example: The establishment of the company was in 1995「その会社の設立は1995年でした」(そのかいしゃのせつりつは1995ねんでした). They are planning the establishment of a new school「彼らは新しい学校の設立を計画しています」(かれらはあたらしいがっこうのせつりつをけいかくしています). The word is often paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the action of establishing something, as in '設立する (せつりつする)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3441

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cancel

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'キャンセル (kyanseru)' means 'cancel'. It is used to describe the act of canceling or calling off something, such as a reservation, appointment, or event. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I canceled my reservation「予約をキャンセルしました」(よやくをキャンセルしました). The event was canceled「イベントはキャンセルされました」(イベントはキャンセルされました). Note that 'キャンセル' is often used in contexts related to bookings, subscriptions, or plans, and it is a loanword derived from the English word 'cancel'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

3442

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Radio

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ラジオ (rajio)' means 'radio'. This word refers to the device used for receiving radio broadcasts, as well as the medium of radio broadcasting itself. It is a loanword from English, written in katakana to reflect its foreign origin. For example: I listen to the radio every morning「毎朝ラジオを聞きます」(まいあさラジオをききます). The radio is on「ラジオがついています」(ラジオがついています). The word 'ラジオ' is commonly used in everyday conversation and is easily understood by Japanese speakers of all ages.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3443

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equipment, Facilities

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '設備 (せつび)' refers to 'equipment' or 'facilities'. It is used to describe the physical infrastructure, machinery, or systems installed in a place to enable its functioning. This term is commonly used in contexts such as factories, offices, schools, or public spaces. For example: The factory has new equipment「工場には新しい設備がある」(こうじょうにはあたらしいせつびがある). The school's facilities are modern「学校の設備は近代的です」(がっこうのせつびはきんだいてきです). Note that '設備' often implies a more permanent or large-scale setup compared to smaller, portable tools or devices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3444

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bureaucrat

Reading

Kanji

官Government, Bureaucrat 僚Colleague, Official

Explanation

The Japanese noun '官僚 (かんりょう)' refers to a bureaucrat or government official. It specifically denotes individuals who work in administrative roles within government organizations, often associated with formal procedures and regulations. This term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation, depending on the context, as it may imply rigidity or excessive adherence to rules. Example sentences: The bureaucrat made a decision「官僚が決定を下した」(かんりょうがけっていをくだした). Bureaucrats are often criticized for being inflexible「官僚はしばしば柔軟性がないと批判される」(かんりょうはしばしばじゅうなんせいがないとひはんされる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3445

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ticket, Voucher

Reading

Kanji

券Ticket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '券 (けん)' refers to a ticket or voucher, which is a piece of paper or digital document that grants the holder access to a service, event, or product. It is commonly used in contexts such as transportation, events, or discounts. For example: I bought a train ticket「電車の券を買いました」(でんしゃのけんをかいました). This is a discount voucher「これは割引券です」(これはわりびきけんです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '入場券 (にゅうじょうけん) (admission ticket)' or '回数券 (かいすうけん) (multi-ride ticket).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3446

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Individual, Specific

Reading

Kanji

個Individual 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '個別 (こべつ)' refers to something being treated or considered individually or specifically, rather than as part of a group or in a general sense. It is often used in contexts where attention is given to the unique characteristics or details of each item or person. For example: individual instruction「個別の指導」(こべつのしどう). We will handle each case specifically「個別に対応します」(こべつにたいおうします). The term emphasizes the importance of addressing each element on its own merits or needs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Explanation

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 説Theory, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '解説 (かいせつ)' means 'explanation' or 'commentary'. It is used to describe a detailed explanation or analysis of a topic, often provided by an expert or someone knowledgeable. This term is commonly used in contexts such as news programs, sports broadcasts, or academic lectures, where a commentator or expert provides insights or explanations. For example: The professor gave a detailed explanation of the theory「教授はその理論の解説をした」(きょうじゅはそのりろんのかいせつをした). The sports commentator provided a play-by-play commentary「スポーツ解説者が実況解説をした」(スポーツかいせつしゃがじっきょうかいせつをした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3448

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Editorial

Reading

Kanji

社Company 説Theory, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '社説 (しゃせつ)' refers to an 'editorial', which is an article in a newspaper or magazine that expresses the opinions of the editors or the publication itself. It is typically written to provide commentary on current events, social issues, or political matters. For example: The newspaper published an editorial about climate change「新聞は気候変動についての社説を掲載した」(しんぶんはきこうへんどうについてのしゃせつをけいさいした). I read the editorial in today's paper「今日の新聞の社説を読んだ」(きょうのしんぶんのしゃせつをよんだ). The word is commonly used in media and journalism contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3449

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Protein

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'たんぱく' (tanpaku) refers to 'protein', a vital nutrient essential for building and repairing tissues in the body. It is commonly used in contexts related to health, nutrition, and biology. For example: This food is high in protein「この食べ物はたんぱくが豊富です」(このたべものはたんぱくがほうふです). I need to eat more protein「もっとたんぱくを摂る必要がある」(もっとたんぱくをとるひつようがある). The word is often used in scientific or dietary discussions and is a shortened form of 'たんぱくしつ' (tanpakushitsu), which also means 'protein'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3450

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lookup

Reading

Kanji

見See 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見上げる (みあげる)' means 'to look up'. This verb is used when someone directs their gaze upward, either literally or metaphorically. It can be used to describe physically looking up at something, such as the sky or a tall building, or metaphorically to express admiration or respect for someone. For example: I looked up at the stars「星を見上げた」(ほしをみあげた). She looked up to her teacher「彼女は先生を見上げた」(かのじょはせんせいをみあげた). It's important to note that this verb is often used in contexts where the subject is looking up at something from a lower position, emphasizing the direction of the gaze.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3451

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Theory

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 説Theory, Explanation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学説 (がくせつ)' refers to a 'theory' or 'academic doctrine'. It is commonly used in academic or scholarly contexts to describe a systematic set of ideas or principles that explain a particular subject. For example: His theory is widely accepted「彼の学説は広く受け入れられている」(かれのがくせつはひろくうけいれられている). This theory is based on scientific evidence「この学説は科学的な証拠に基づいている」(このがくせつはかがくてきなしょうこにもとづいている). The word is often used in discussions about science, philosophy, or other academic fields.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3452

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Official

Reading

Kanji

公Public 式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '公式 (こうしき)' means 'official'. It is used to describe something that is formally recognized, authorized, or endorsed by an organization, institution, or authority. This term is often used in contexts such as official statements, announcements, or events. For example: This is the official announcement「これは公式の発表です」(これはこうしきのはっぴょうです). The official website is easy to use「公式ウェブサイトは使いやすい」(こうしきウェブサイトはつかいやすい). It can also refer to mathematical formulas, but in everyday usage, it predominantly refers to official matters.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3453

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sheet

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'シーツ (shiitsu)' refers to a 'sheet', specifically the type used on beds. This word is a loanword from English, and it is commonly used in everyday Japanese to refer to bed linens. For example: I bought new sheets「新しいシーツを買いました」(あたらしいシーツをかいました). Please change the sheets「シーツを替えてください」(シーツをかえてください). It is important to note that 'シーツ' typically refers to the fitted or flat sheet used on a bed, and not other types of sheets like paper sheets or spreadsheet.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3454

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fair

Reading

Kanji

公Public 平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '公平 (こうへい)' means 'fair' or 'impartial'. It is used to describe situations, decisions, or actions that are just, unbiased, and equitable. This term is often used in contexts involving judgment, treatment, or distribution of resources. For example: The teacher was fair to all students「先生は全ての生徒に公平だった」(せんせいはすべてのせいとにこうへいだった). A fair distribution of resources is important「資源の公平な分配が重要だ」(しげんのこうへいなぶんぱいがじゅうようだ). The word can also be used to describe a person's character, as in '彼は公平な人だ (かれはこうへいなひとだ) (He is a fair person).'

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3455

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formal

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 式Style, Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '正式 (せいしき)' means 'formal'. It is used to describe something that is official, proper, or done according to established rules or standards. This term is often used in contexts such as ceremonies, documents, or procedures. For example: This is the formal procedure「これは正式な手続きです」(これはせいしきなてつづきです). He wore a formal suit to the meeting「彼は会議に正式なスーツを着た」(かれはかいぎにせいしきなスーツをきた). Note that '正式' can also imply legitimacy or authenticity in certain contexts, such as '正式な文書 (せいしきなぶんしょ)' meaning 'official document'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3456

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Luck

Reading

Kanji

運Fortune

Explanation

The Japanese noun '運 (うん)' means 'luck' or 'fortune'. It refers to the concept of chance or fate that influences events in one's life. This word is often used in contexts related to good or bad fortune, such as in games, life events, or outcomes. For example: I have good luck today「今日は運がいい」(きょうはうんがいい). It's all about luck「それは運次第だ」(それはうんしだいだ). The word can also be used in compound words like '運命 (うんめい)' (fate/destiny) or '運転 (うんてん)' (driving), but in isolation, it primarily conveys the idea of luck.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3457

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Academy

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 園Garden

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学園 (がくえん)' refers to an educational institution, often implying a private school or academy. It is commonly used in the names of schools, particularly those that offer a comprehensive education from elementary to high school levels. The term carries a somewhat prestigious connotation, suggesting a well-established and respected institution. For example: I attend a prestigious academy「私は有名な学園に通っています」(わたしはゆうめいながくえんにかよっています). The academy is located in the suburbs「その学園は郊外にあります」(そのがくえんはこうがいにあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3458

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Holiday

Reading

Kanji

祭Ritual 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祭日 (さいじつ)' refers to a 'holiday' or 'festival day'. It is commonly used to denote national holidays or days of celebration in Japan. These days are often associated with traditional festivals, ceremonies, or public events. For example: Today is a holiday「今日は祭日です」(きょうはさいじつです). We have a holiday tomorrow「明日は祭日です」(あしたはさいじつです). It's important to note that '祭日' is often used interchangeably with '祝日 (しゅくじつ)', though '祭日' can carry a slightly more traditional or ceremonial connotation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3459

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

International

Reading

Kanji

国Country 際Occasion 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '国際的 (こくさいてき)' means 'international'. It is used to describe something that involves or relates to multiple countries or has a global scope. This word is often used in contexts such as international relations, global business, or cultural exchanges. For example: This conference is international「この会議は国際的です」(このかいぎはこくさいてきです). She has an international perspective「彼女は国際的な視野を持っています」(かのじょはこくさいてきなしやをもっています). The adjective can also modify nouns, as in '国際的な問題 (こくさいてきなもんだい) (international issue)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3460

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cow, Ox

Reading

Kanji

牛Cow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '牛 (うし)' refers to cattle, specifically cows or oxen. It is commonly used to describe the animal itself, whether in a domestic or wild context. The word can also be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions. For example: The cow is grazing in the field「牛が野原で草を食べている」(うしがのはらでくさをたべている). We saw an ox at the farm「農場で牛を見た」(のうじょうでうしをみた). The term can also appear in compound words, such as '牛肉 (ぎゅうにく)' meaning 'beef'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Internationalization

Reading

Kanji

国Country 際Occasion 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '国際化 (こくさいか)' refers to the process of making something international in scope or application. It is often used in contexts such as business, education, and technology to describe the adaptation of products, services, or systems to operate across different countries and cultures. For example: The company is focusing on internationalization「その会社は国際化に力を入れている」(そのかいしゃはこくさいかにちからをいれている). The university promotes internationalization「その大学は国際化を推進している」(そのだいがくはこくさいかをすいしんしている). This term is commonly used in discussions about globalization and cross-cultural exchange.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3462

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Craftsman

Reading

Kanji

職Employment 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '職人 (しょくにん)' refers to a skilled craftsman or artisan who specializes in a particular trade or craft. This term is often used to describe individuals who have honed their skills through years of practice and dedication, such as carpenters, potters, or blacksmiths. The word carries a connotation of high skill, precision, and tradition. For example: The craftsman made a beautiful vase「職人が美しい花瓶を作りました」(しょくにんがうつくしいかびんをつくりました). He is a master craftsman「彼は職人の達人です」(かれはしょくにんのたつじんです). The term is deeply respected in Japanese culture, often associated with the concept of 'monozukuri' (物作り), which emphasizes the spirit of craftsmanship and the pursuit of perfection.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dating

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 際Occasion

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '交際 (こうさい)' primarily refers to the act of dating or being in a romantic relationship. It can also imply social interaction or association in a broader sense, but it is most commonly used to describe romantic relationships. For example: They are dating「彼らは交際している」(かれらはこうさいしている). I heard they started dating last month「先月から交際を始めたと聞いた」(せんげつからこうさいをはじめたときいた). The term is often used in formal contexts to describe the status of a relationship, such as in news reports or official statements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3464

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loan

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ローン (ろーん)' means 'loan'. This term is used to refer to a sum of money that is borrowed, often from a financial institution, with the expectation that it will be paid back with interest. It is commonly used in contexts related to personal finance, mortgages, or business loans. For example: I took out a loan to buy a house「家を買うためにローンを組んだ」(いえをかうためにろーんをくんだ). The bank approved my loan application「銀行が私のローンの申請を承認した」(ぎんこうがわたしのろーんのしんせいをしょうにんした). The word 'ローン' is often used in financial contexts and is borrowed from the English word 'loan'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3465

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Promptly

Reading

Kanji

早Early, Fast 速Quick

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '早速 (さっそく)' means 'promptly' or 'without delay'. It is used to indicate that something is done immediately or right after a suggestion, request, or opportunity arises. This word conveys a sense of eagerness or readiness to act. For example: I promptly tried the new recipe「早速新しいレシピを試しました」(さっそくあたらしいレシピをためしました). He promptly started working on the project「彼は早速プロジェクトに取り掛かりました」(かれはさっそくぷろじぇくとにとりかかりました). The adverb is often used in both casual and formal contexts to express quick action or response.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3466

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loud voice

Reading

Kanji

大Big 声Voice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大声 (おおごえ)' means 'loud voice'. It refers to a voice that is raised or projected at a high volume, often used to get attention or express strong emotions. This word is commonly used in situations where someone is shouting or speaking loudly. For example: he shouted in a loud voice「彼は大声で叫んだ」(かれはおおごえでさけんだ). Please don't speak in a loud voice here「ここでは大声で話さないでください」(ここではおおごえではなさないでください). The word can also imply a sense of urgency or intensity, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3467

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aircraft

Reading

Kanji

航Sail, Navigate 空Sky, Empty 機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese noun '航空機 (こうくうき)' refers to 'aircraft', which includes any vehicle capable of flight, such as airplanes, helicopters, and gliders. This term is commonly used in technical, formal, or general contexts when discussing aviation or transportation. For example: The aircraft is flying in the sky「航空機が空を飛んでいる」(こうくうきがそらをとんでいる). This airport handles many aircraft「この空港は多くの航空機を扱う」(このくうこうはおおくのこうくうきをあつかう). The word is neutral and can be used in both everyday and professional settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3468

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ruins

Reading

Kanji

遺Leave behind 跡Trace, Traces

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺跡 (いせき)' refers to 'ruins' or 'archaeological remains'. It is commonly used to describe historical sites, ancient structures, or remnants of past civilizations. This word is often associated with places of historical or cultural significance, such as temples, tombs, or settlements. For example: We visited ancient ruins「私たちは古代の遺跡を訪れました」(わたしたちはこだいのいせきをおとずれました). The ruins of the castle are well-preserved「その城の遺跡はよく保存されています」(そのしろのいせきはよくほぞんされています). The term can also be used in academic or archaeological contexts to describe artifacts or sites under study.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3469

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sand

Reading

Kanji

砂Sand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '砂 (すな)' means 'sand'. This word refers to the granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles, typically found on beaches, deserts, and riverbeds. It is commonly used in contexts related to nature, construction, or play. For example: the sand is warm「砂は温かい」(すなはあたたかい). Children are playing in the sand「子供たちが砂で遊んでいる」(こどもたちがすなであそんでいる). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase '砂のように流れる時間 (すなのようにながれるじかん)' (time flowing like sand), which conveys the fleeting nature of time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3470

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ingredient, Component

Reading

Kanji

成Become 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '成分 (せいぶん)' refers to the elements or parts that make up a whole. It is commonly used in contexts such as food, chemistry, or materials to describe the ingredients or components of something. For example: This shampoo contains natural ingredients「このシャンプーは天然成分を含む」(このシャンプーはてんねんせいぶんをふくむ). The components of this machine are very precise「この機械の成分は非常に精密だ」(このきかいのせいぶんはひじょうにせいみつだ). Note that while 'ingredient' is often used for food or cosmetics, 'component' is more general and can apply to machinery, systems, or abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3471

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kansai

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'カンサイ' refers to the Kansai region, a major cultural and economic area in Japan. It includes cities like Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe. The term is often used to describe the region's unique culture, dialect, and traditions. For example: I visited Kansai last year「去年カンサイに行きました」(きょねんカンサイにいきました). Kansai is famous for its food「カンサイは食べ物で有名です」(カンサイはたべものでゆうめいです). The Kansai dialect is quite different from standard Japanese「カンサイの方言は標準語とかなり違います」(カンサイのほうげんはひょうじゅんごとかなりちがいます).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

3472

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expose

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'さらす' (sarasu) means 'to expose'. It is used to describe the act of putting something in a situation where it is vulnerable or visible, often to something harsh or damaging. For example: The sun exposed the paint to fading「太陽が塗料をさらして色あせさせた」(たいようがとりょうをさらしていろあせさせた). The scandal exposed the politician to public criticism「そのスキャンダルは政治家を世間の批判にさらした」(そのスキャンダルはせいじかをせけんのひはんにさらした). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional exposure or vulnerability.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3473

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Air ticket

Reading

Kanji

航Sail, Navigate 空Sky, Empty 券Ticket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '航空券 (こうくうけん)' means 'air ticket'. This term refers to a ticket that allows a passenger to travel on an airplane. It is commonly used when discussing travel plans, booking flights, or checking in at airports. For example: I bought an air ticket to Tokyo「東京行きの航空券を買いました」(とうきょうゆきのこうくうけんをかいました). Please show your air ticket at the counter「カウンターで航空券を見せてください」(かうんたーでこうくうけんをみせてください). The word is a combination of '航空 (こうくう)' meaning 'aviation' and '券 (けん)' meaning 'ticket'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3474

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Growth

Reading

Kanji

成Become 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '成長 (せいちょう)' means 'growth'. It refers to the process of developing or maturing physically, mentally, or in terms of skills and abilities. It is commonly used in contexts related to personal development, business, or natural processes. For example: The child's growth is remarkable「子供の成長は目覚ましい」(こどものせいちょうはめざましい). The company has seen significant growth「会社は大きな成長を遂げた」(かいしゃはおおきなせいちょうをとげた). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional or intellectual progress.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3475

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establishment

Reading

Kanji

成Become 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '成立 (せいりつ)' refers to the establishment, formation, or coming into existence of something, such as a system, agreement, or condition. It is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe the process of something being successfully created or realized. For example: The agreement was successfully established「その合意が成立した」(そのごういがせいりつした). The conditions for the plan's establishment were met「計画の成立条件が整った」(けいかくのせいりつじょうけんがととのった). This term is commonly used in legal, political, or organizational contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3476

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formation

Reading

Kanji

形Shape 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '形成 (けいせい)' refers to the act of forming, shaping, or creating something. It is often used in contexts related to the development or establishment of structures, systems, or ideas. For example: the formation of a new government「新しい政府の形成」(あたらしいせいふのけいせい). The shaping of public opinion「世論の形成」(よろんのけいせい). This term is commonly used in both abstract and concrete contexts, such as in discussions about social, cultural, or physical formations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3477

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beforehand

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '予め (あらかじめ)' means 'beforehand' or 'in advance'. It is used to indicate that something is done or prepared prior to a certain event or situation. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize preparation or prior knowledge. For example: Please prepare the documents beforehand「書類を予め準備しておいてください」(しょるいをあらかじめじゅんびしておいてください). We had already discussed it beforehand「私たちは予めそれを話し合っていました」(わたしたちはあらかじめそれをはなしあっていました). The nuance of '予め' often implies a sense of readiness or foresight, making it a useful word in planning or organizational contexts.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3478

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Approximately

Reading

Kanji

凡Common

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '凡そ (およそ)' means 'approximately' or 'roughly'. It is used to indicate an estimate or a general idea rather than an exact figure. This word is often used in contexts where precision is not required or when giving a rough overview. For example: The meeting will take approximately two hours「会議は凡そ二時間かかります」(かいぎはおよそにじかんかかります). Approximately 100 people attended the event「凡そ100人がイベントに参加しました」(およそひゃくにんがイベントにさんかしました). It can also be used to mean 'in general' or 'on the whole', as in: In general, his ideas are good「凡そ、彼のアイデアは良い」(およそ、かれのアイデアはよい).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3479

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Home

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '我が家 (わがや)' means 'home' or 'my/our home'. It is a formal or literary way to refer to one's own home, often carrying a sense of pride, affection, or belonging. This term is commonly used in written language or formal speech. For example: This is my home「ここが我が家です」(ここがわがやです). I returned to my home「我が家に帰った」(わがやにかえった). Note that '我が家' is more poetic or sentimental compared to the more casual '家 (いえ)' or 'うち'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3480

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Release

Reading

Kanji

放Release

Explanation

The Japanese verb '放つ (はなつ)' primarily means 'to release' or 'to let go'. It is often used in contexts where something is being set free or sent out, such as releasing an animal, firing a weapon, or emitting a sound or light. For example: He released the bird「彼は鳥を放った」(かれはとりをはなった). The soldier fired an arrow「兵士は矢を放った」(へいしはやをはなった). Additionally, '放つ' can be used metaphorically, such as emitting a strong impression or aura, as in: Her presence emits a strong aura「彼女の存在は強いオーラを放っている」(かのじょのそんざいはつよいオーラをはなっている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3481

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cook

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'コック (kokku)' refers to a 'cook' or 'chef', specifically someone who prepares food professionally. This term is often used in the context of restaurants or kitchens. It is derived from the Dutch word 'kok', which also means 'cook'. For example: The cook is preparing dinner「コックが夕食を準備しています」(コックがゆうしょくをじゅんびしています). I want to become a cook「私はコックになりたいです」(わたしはコックになりたいです). Note that 'コック' is typically used for male cooks, while 'コックさん' or 'シェフ' might be used more generally or respectfully.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3482

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formation

Reading

Kanji

結Tie, Bind 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '結成 (けっせい)' means 'formation' and refers to the act of forming or establishing something, such as a group, organization, or team. It is often used in contexts where people come together to create a new entity. For example: The formation of a new political party「新しい政党の結成」(あたらしいせいとうのけっせい). They announced the formation of a committee「彼らは委員会の結成を発表した」(かれらはいいんかいのけっせいをはっぴょうした). This word is commonly used in formal or organizational contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agreement

Reading

Kanji

賛Praise, Agree 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '賛成 (さんせい)' means 'agreement' or 'approval'. It is used to express consent or support for an idea, proposal, or opinion. This word is commonly used in formal and informal contexts, such as meetings, discussions, or everyday conversations. For example: I agree with your opinion「あなたの意見に賛成です」(あなたのいけんにさんせいです). The committee approved the proposal「委員会はその提案に賛成した」(いいんかいはそのていあんにさんせいした). Note that '賛成' is often paired with the particle 'に' to indicate what is being agreed upon, as in '提案に賛成する (ていあんにさんせいする) (to agree with the proposal)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3484

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Synthesis, Combination

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '合成 (ごうせい)' refers to the act of combining or synthesizing elements to create something new. It is commonly used in scientific, technical, and artistic contexts. For example, in chemistry, it refers to the synthesis of compounds, while in music or video production, it refers to combining sounds or images. Example sentences: The synthesis of new materials is important「新しい材料の合成は重要です」(あたらしいざいりょうのごうせいはじゅうようです). This song is a combination of different genres「この曲は異なるジャンルの合成です」(このきょくはことなるじゃんるのごうせいです). Note that '合成' often implies a deliberate and purposeful combination of elements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3485

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adult

Reading

Kanji

成Become 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '成人 (せいじん)' refers to an 'adult' or the state of being an adult. It is commonly used to describe someone who has reached the legal age of adulthood, which in Japan is 20 years old. The term is often used in contexts such as '成人式 (せいじんしき)', which refers to the Coming of Age Ceremony held for those who have turned 20. Example sentences: He became an adult「彼は成人した」(かれはせいじんした). The Coming of Age Ceremony is for new adults「成人式は新成人のためのものです」(せいじんしきはしんせいじんのためのものです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange, Curious

Reading

Kanji

奇Strange, Unusual 妙Exquisite, Marvelous

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '奇妙 (きみょう)' means 'strange' or 'curious'. It is used to describe something that is unusual, peculiar, or intriguing in a way that stands out from the ordinary. This word often carries a neutral or slightly positive nuance, depending on the context. For example: That story is strange「その話は奇妙だ」(そのはなしはきみょうだ). The machine has a curious mechanism「その機械は奇妙な仕組みを持っている」(そのきかいときみょうなしくみをもっている). Note that '奇妙' is often used to describe situations, objects, or phenomena that evoke a sense of wonder or mystery.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3487

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unemployment

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失業 (しつぎょう)' refers to the state of being unemployed or losing one's job. It is commonly used in contexts related to economics, job markets, and personal situations. For example: unemployment is increasing「失業が増えている」(しつぎょうがふえている). He lost his job due to the company's bankruptcy「会社の倒産で彼は失業した」(かいしゃのとうさんでかれはしつぎょうした). The term can also be used in compound words like '失業率 (しつぎょうりつ)' (unemployment rate) or '失業保険 (しつぎょうほけん)' (unemployment insurance).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3488

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verb '勤める (つとめる)' means 'to work' or 'to be employed'. It specifically refers to working at a job or being employed by a company or organization. This verb is often used to describe one's occupation or employment status. For example: I work at a bank「私は銀行に勤めています」(わたしはぎんこうにつとめています). He works for a big company「彼は大きな会社に勤めている」(かれはおおきなかいしゃにつとめている). Note that '勤める' is distinct from other work-related verbs like '働く (はたらく)', which is more general and can refer to any kind of work or labor.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3489

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Failure

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 敗Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失敗 (しっぱい)' means 'failure'. It refers to the act of failing to achieve a desired result or making a mistake. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as academic, professional, or personal situations. For example: I made a mistake in the exam「試験で失敗した」(しけんでしっぱいした). He failed in his attempt to climb the mountain「彼は山登りに失敗した」(かれはやまのぼりにしっぱいした). It can also be used to describe a failed experiment or project: The experiment was a failure「その実験は失敗だった」(そのじっけんはしっぱいだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Middle, Interim

Reading

Kanji

中Center 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中間 (ちゅうかん)' primarily means 'middle' or 'interim'. It refers to the midpoint or intermediate stage of something, such as time, space, or a process. For example: the middle of the year「年の中間」(としのちゅうかん). It can also describe an interim report or status, such as: the interim results of the experiment「実験の中間結果」(じっけんのちゅうかんけっか). This word is often used in academic, business, or technical contexts to indicate a stage between the beginning and the end.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3491

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Outcome

Reading

Kanji

勝Victory 敗Defeat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勝敗 (しょうはい)' refers to the outcome or result of a competition, match, or battle, specifically whether it is a win or a loss. It is commonly used in contexts involving sports, games, or any competitive scenario. For example: The outcome of the game was decided「試合の勝敗が決まった」(しあいのしょうはいがきまった). The team focused on the outcome「チームは勝敗に集中した」(チームはしょうはいにしゅうちゅうした). This word emphasizes the final result rather than the process of competing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Solve, Untie

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie

Explanation

The Japanese verb '解く (とく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to solve', as in solving a problem or puzzle. For example: I solved the math problem「数学の問題を解いた」(すうがくのもんだいをといた). The second meaning is 'to untie', as in untying a knot or untying something that is bound. For example: He untied the rope「彼はロープを解いた」(かれはロープをといた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as untying a mystery or solving a riddle. The context will usually make it clear which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3493

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Training

Reading

Kanji

研Sharpen 修Discipline

Explanation

The Japanese noun '研修 (けんしゅう)' refers to 'training' or 'a training program'. It is commonly used in professional or educational contexts to describe a period of learning or skill development, often for employees or students. For example: I attended a training session「研修に参加しました」(けんしゅうにさんかしました). The company provides training for new employees「会社は新入社員の研修を行います」(かいしゃはしんにゅうしゃいんのけんしゅうをおこないます). This word is often associated with structured programs aimed at improving skills or knowledge in a specific field.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3494

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deduction

Reading

Kanji

控Refrain, Abstain 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese noun '控除 (こうじょ)' refers to a 'deduction', typically in financial or tax contexts. It is used to describe an amount subtracted from a total, such as taxes, expenses, or allowances. For example: tax deduction「税金の控除」(ぜいきんのこうじょ). The company allows a deduction for travel expenses「会社は旅費の控除を認めている」(かいしゃはりょひのこうじょをみとめている). This term is commonly used in official documents, financial statements, and discussions about income or expenses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3495

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pour, Bathe

Reading

Kanji

浴Bathe

Explanation

The Japanese verb '浴びる (あびる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to pour' or 'to drench', often used when something is being poured over someone or something, such as water or light. The second meaning is 'to bathe', which can refer to showering or soaking in water. This verb is commonly used in contexts involving water, light, or even abstract concepts like attention or criticism. For example: I poured water over my head「頭から水を浴びた」(あたまからみずをあびた). She bathed in the sunlight「彼女は日光を浴びた」(かのじょはにっこうをあびた). He was showered with praise「彼は賞賛を浴びた」(かれはしょうさんをあびた). Note that the nuance of '浴びる' often implies a large or overwhelming amount of something being received or experienced.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3496

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nuclear

Reading

Kanji

原Meadow, Original 子Child 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原子力 (げんしりょく)' means 'nuclear' and refers to the energy or power derived from atomic reactions, particularly nuclear fission or fusion. This term is commonly used in contexts related to energy production, weapons, and scientific research. For example: nuclear power plant「原子力発電所」(げんしりょくはつでんしょ). The government is promoting nuclear energy「政府は原子力を推進している」(せいふはげんしりょくをすいしんしている). It's important to note that this term carries significant implications due to its association with both energy and weaponry, and its usage often reflects broader societal and political discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3497

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mechanism, Organization

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機構 (きこう)' can mean 'mechanism' or 'organization', depending on the context. When referring to 'mechanism', it describes the physical or functional structure of a system or device. For example: the mechanism of this clock is complex「この時計の機構は複雑だ」(このとけいのきこうはふくざつだ). When referring to 'organization', it describes an organized body or system, such as a company or institution. For example: the organization of this company is efficient「この会社の機構は効率的だ」(このかいしゃのきこうはこうりつてきだ). The word is often used in technical, scientific, or administrative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mark

Reading

Kanji

印Mark, Seal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '印 (しるし)' means 'mark' or 'sign'. It refers to a visible indication or symbol that represents something, such as a physical mark, a sign of recognition, or a symbol with a specific meaning. It can also imply evidence or proof of something. For example: This mark is a sign of good luck「この印は幸運のしるしです」(このしるしはこううんのしるしです). He left a mark on the wall「彼は壁に印をつけた」(かれはかべにしるしをつけた). The word is often used in contexts involving identification, symbolism, or evidence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3499

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aforementioned

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 述State, Mention

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前述 (ぜんじゅつ)' means 'aforementioned' or 'previously mentioned'. It is used to refer to something that has already been stated or discussed earlier in a conversation, text, or context. This term is often used in formal or written contexts to avoid repetition and to refer back to earlier points. For example: as aforementioned, the plan has changed「前述のとおり、計画は変更されました」(ぜんじゅつのとおり、けいかくはへんこうされました). The aforementioned issue will be addressed later「前述の問題は後で取り上げます」(ぜんじゅつのもんだいはあとでとりあげます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3500

Composition

kanji

Handwriting