Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Provision

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 給Supply, Salary

Explanation

The Japanese noun '支給 (しきゅう)' refers to the act of providing or supplying something, often in an official or formal capacity. It is commonly used in contexts such as salary payments, benefits, or allowances provided by an organization or government. For example: The company provides a transportation allowance「会社は交通費を支給する」(かいしゃはこうつうひをしきゅうする). The government provides subsidies to farmers「政府は農家に補助金を支給する」(せいふはのうかにほじょきんをしきゅうする). The word emphasizes the formal or systematic nature of the provision, distinguishing it from casual or informal giving.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3801

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Typical, Archetype

Reading

Kanji

典Code, Rule 型Model, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '典型 (てんけい)' refers to something that is representative or characteristic of a particular type, category, or group. It can mean 'typical' when describing something that embodies the usual qualities of a group, or 'archetype' when referring to a perfect example or model of something. For example: He is a typical example of a hardworking student「彼は勤勉な学生の典型だ」(かれはきんべんながくせいのてんけいだ). This story is an archetype of Japanese folklore「この物語は日本の民話の典型です」(このものがたりはにほんのみんわのてんけいです). The word is often used in formal or academic contexts to describe something that perfectly represents a category or idea.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3802

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Squeeze, Wring

Reading

Kanji

絞Wring, Strangle

Explanation

The Japanese verb '絞る (しぼる)' primarily means 'to squeeze' or 'to wring'. It is used when applying pressure to extract liquid or to tighten something. For example, squeezing juice from a fruit: I squeezed the juice from the orange「オレンジのジュースを絞った」(オレンジのジュースをしぼった). Wringing out a wet towel: She wrung out the wet towel「彼女は濡れたタオルを絞った」(かのじょはぬれたタオルをしぼった). Additionally, '絞る' can be used metaphorically to describe exerting effort or focusing intensely, such as in concentrating one's mind: He concentrated his mind on the problem「彼はその問題に頭を絞った」(かれはそのもんだいにあたまをしぼった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3803

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Downstream, Lower class

Reading

Kanji

下Down 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '下流 (かりゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'downstream', referring to the part of a river or stream that is closer to its mouth or the direction in which the water flows. For example: The village is located downstream「その村は下流にあります」(そのむらはかりゅうにあります). The second meaning is 'lower class', referring to a social or economic class that is considered to be at the bottom of a hierarchy. For example: He comes from a lower-class family「彼は下流の家庭出身です」(かれはかりゅうのかていしゅっしんです). It's important to note that the context in which this word is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3804

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Current

Reading

Kanji

海Sea 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '海流 (かいりゅう)' refers to the flow or current of the ocean. It specifically describes the movement of water in the sea, which can be influenced by factors such as wind, temperature, and the Earth's rotation. This term is often used in scientific or geographical contexts. For example: The ocean current is strong「海流が強い」(かいりゅうがつよい). The Kuroshio Current is a well-known ocean current「黒潮は有名な海流です」(くろしおはゆうめいなかいりゅうです). Understanding 海流 is important for navigation, marine biology, and climate studies.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3805

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remove

Reading

Kanji

脱Remove, Undress

Explanation

The Japanese verb '脱ぐ (ぬぐ)' means 'to remove' and is specifically used for taking off clothes, shoes, or accessories. It is commonly used in daily conversations when referring to undressing or removing something worn on the body. For example: I took off my shoes「靴を脱いだ」(くつをぬいだ). Please remove your hat「帽子を脱いでください」(ぼうしをぬいでください). This verb is often used in polite or formal contexts, such as when entering a Japanese home or a traditional tatami room, where it is customary to remove shoes.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3806

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Third rate

Reading

Kanji

三Three 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '三流 (さんりゅう)' means 'third-rate'. It is used to describe something of low quality, inferior, or not up to standard. This term is often used in contexts like ranking, performance, or quality, where things are categorized into first-rate (一流), second-rate (二流), and third-rate (三流). For example: That restaurant is third-rate「あのレストランは三流だ」(あのレストランはさんりゅうだ). His skills are third-rate「彼の技術は三流だ」(かれのぎじゅつはさんりゅうだ). Note that this term can carry a negative connotation, so it should be used carefully.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3807

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stomach

Reading

Kanji

胃Stomach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '胃 (い)' refers to the stomach, the organ in the body that digests food. It is commonly used in medical, anatomical, and everyday contexts. For example: My stomach hurts「胃が痛い」(いがいたい). He has a strong stomach「彼は胃が強い」(かれはいがつよい). The word can also appear in compound terms like '胃腸 (いちょう)' (stomach and intestines) or '胃炎 (いえん)' (gastritis).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3808

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Encounter

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出会い (であい)' refers to a meeting or encounter, often implying a chance or significant meeting between people. It can be used in various contexts, such as meeting someone for the first time, a romantic encounter, or even a meaningful interaction. For example: I had a fateful encounter「運命的な出会いがあった」(うんめいてきなであいがあった). This park is a place of many encounters「この公園は多くの出会いの場所です」(このこうえんはおおくのであいのばしょです). The word carries a nuance of something meaningful or serendipitous, rather than just a casual meeting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3809

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ratio

Reading

Kanji

比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese noun '比 (ひ)' means 'ratio'. It refers to the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other. This term is commonly used in mathematical, scientific, and comparative contexts. For example: the ratio of men to women is 2 to 1「男性と女性の比は2対1です」(だんせいとじょせいのひはにたいいちです). The ratio of sugar to flour is 1 to 3「砂糖と小麦粉の比は1対3です」(さとうとこむぎこのひはいちたいさんです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3810

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Midnight

Reading

Kanji

夜Night 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夜中 (よなか)' refers to the middle of the night, typically around midnight. It is used to describe the time period when most people are asleep. This word can be used in various contexts, such as describing when an event occurs or when someone is awake during this time. For example: I woke up at midnight「夜中に目が覚めた」(よなかにめがさめた). The party lasted until midnight「パーティーは夜中まで続いた」(パーティーはよなかまでつづいた). It's important to note that '夜中' specifically refers to the time around midnight, not just any time during the night.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3811

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smart, Slim

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'スマート (すまーと)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'slim', referring to a person or object being thin or slender. For example: she has a slim figure「彼女はスマートな体型です」(かのじょはすまーとなたいけいです). The second meaning is 'smart', referring to something being stylish, clever, or well-designed. For example: this is a smart solution「これはスマートな解決策です」(これはすまーとなかいけつさくです). The context will usually clarify which meaning is intended, as the word is borrowed from English and retains both senses.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

3812

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flood

Reading

Kanji

洪Flood, Vast 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洪水 (こうずい)' means 'flood'. It refers to an overflow of water that submerges land, often caused by heavy rainfall, overflowing rivers, or other natural phenomena. This word is commonly used in weather reports, disaster warnings, and discussions about natural events. For example: The flood caused significant damage「洪水は大きな被害をもたらした」(こうずいはおおきなひがいをもたらした). The river overflowed and caused a flood「川が氾濫して洪水が起きた」(かわがはんらんしてこうずいがおきた). Note that '洪水' can also be used metaphorically to describe an overwhelming amount of something, such as information or emotions, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3813

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flushing

Reading

Kanji

水Water 洗Wash

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '水洗 (すいせん)' refers to the act of flushing or washing with water. It is commonly used in contexts related to sanitation, such as flushing toilets or cleaning with water. For example: This toilet uses water flushing「このトイレは水洗です」(このトイレはすいせんです). The floor was cleaned by water flushing「床は水洗で掃除されました」(ゆかはすいせんではいじょされました). The term is often associated with modern plumbing and hygiene practices.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3814

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandfather

Reading

Kanji

祖Ancestor 父Father

Explanation

The Japanese noun '祖父 (そふ)' refers to one's paternal grandfather. It is a formal term used to denote the father of one's father. This word is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese when referring to or addressing one's grandfather. For example: My grandfather is kind「私の祖父は優しい」(わたしのそふはやさしい). I visited my grandfather「祖父を訪ねた」(そふをたずねた). It's important to note that '祖父' specifically refers to the paternal grandfather, while '外祖父 (がいそふ)' is used for the maternal grandfather, though '祖父' can sometimes be used more generally in casual contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3815

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Area

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface 積Accumulate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '面積 (めんせき)' refers to the 'area' of a surface or a two-dimensional space. It is commonly used in mathematical, geographical, and everyday contexts to describe the size of a space, such as land, rooms, or objects. For example: The area of this room is 20 square meters「この部屋の面積は20平方メートルです」(このへやのめんせきは20へいほうメートルです). The area of the park is large「公園の面積は広いです」(こうえんのめんせきはひろいです). This word is often used in technical or formal contexts, but it can also appear in casual conversations when discussing space or size.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3816

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Washing

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洗い物 (あらいもの)' refers to items that need to be washed or are being washed, such as dishes, laundry, or other washable objects. It is commonly used in household contexts. For example: I will do the washing「洗い物をします」(あらいものをします). The washing is piling up「洗い物がたまっている」(あらいものがたまっている). This word is often used in daily conversations about chores or cleaning tasks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3817

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beauty

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '美人 (びじん)' refers to a beautiful woman or a beauty. It is commonly used to describe someone who is physically attractive, often emphasizing facial beauty. The term can be used in both formal and informal contexts, but it is generally considered a compliment. For example: She is a beauty「彼女は美人だ」(かのじょはびじんだ). That actress is a famous beauty「あの女優は有名な美人だ」(あのじょゆうはゆうめいなびじんだ). The word can also be used in idiomatic expressions or proverbs, such as '美人薄命 (びじんはくめい)', which means 'beautiful women often have unfortunate fates.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3818

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ally

Reading

Kanji

味Flavor 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '味方 (みかた)' means 'ally' or 'someone on your side'. It refers to a person or group that supports or fights alongside you, often in a conflict, competition, or challenging situation. This word is commonly used in contexts involving teamwork, loyalty, or solidarity. For example: He is my ally「彼は私の味方です」(かれはわたしのみかたです). We need more allies to win this battle「この戦いに勝つためにもっと味方が必要だ」(このたたかいにかつためにもっとみかたがひつようだ). The word can also imply emotional support, as in 'She is always on my side'「彼女はいつも私の味方です」(かのじょはいつもわたしのみかたです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3819

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grow

Reading

Kanji

生Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '生える (はえる)' means 'to grow' and is specifically used to describe the growth of plants, hair, or other natural elements. It implies something sprouting or emerging naturally. For example: Grass grows in the garden「庭に草が生える」(にわにくさがはえる). My beard is growing「ひげが生えてきた」(ひげがはえてきた). This verb is often used in contexts related to natural processes, such as plants growing or hair sprouting. It is not typically used for artificial or man-made growth.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3820

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Separate

Reading

Kanji

離Detach, Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '離す (はなす)' means 'to separate' or 'to detach'. It is used when describing the action of moving something away from another thing, creating distance or disconnection. This verb can be used in both physical and abstract contexts. For example: please separate the papers「紙を離してください」(かみをはなしてください). He detached himself from the group「彼はグループから離した」(かれはグループからはなした). Note that '離す' often implies an intentional action of separation, distinguishing it from similar verbs like '離れる (はなれる)', which means 'to be separated' or 'to leave'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3821

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oil painting

Reading

Kanji

油Oil 絵Picture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '油絵 (あぶらえ)' refers to 'oil painting', a type of painting created using pigments mixed with oil, typically linseed oil. This term is used to describe both the art form and individual works created in this medium. For example: She is good at oil painting「彼女は油絵が上手です」(かのじょはあぶらえがじょうずです). This museum has many oil paintings「この美術館には油絵がたくさんあります」(このびじゅつかんにはあぶらえがたくさんあります). The term is commonly used in art-related contexts and discussions about visual arts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3822

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Row

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ずらり' describes things or people lined up in a row or array, often implying a large number or an impressive display. It is commonly used to emphasize the visual impact of a lineup. For example: The books were lined up neatly on the shelf「本がずらりと並んでいた」(ほんがずらりとならんでいた). The soldiers stood in a row「兵士たちがずらりと並んで立っていた」(へいしたちがずらりとならんでたっていた). This adverb often conveys a sense of orderliness or abundance in the arrangement.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3823

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Manager

Reading

Kanji

部Section, Department 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部長 (ぶちょう)' refers to a 'manager' or 'head of a department' in a company or organization. This term is commonly used in professional settings to denote someone who holds a leadership position within a specific department. For example: The manager is busy「部長は忙しい」(ぶちょうはいそがしい). I will report to the manager「部長に報告します」(ぶちょうにほうこくします). The term emphasizes the hierarchical structure in Japanese workplaces and is often used with respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3824

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hormone, Offal

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ホルモン (horumon)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to 'hormones,' which are chemical substances produced in the body that regulate various physiological processes. For example: Hormones affect mood「ホルモンは気分に影響する」(ホルモンはきぶんにえいきょうする). The second meaning refers to 'offal,' which is the internal organs of animals used as food, particularly in Japanese cuisine. For example: I like grilled offal「ホルモン焼きが好きです」(ホルモンやきがすきです). It's important to note that the context in which 'ホルモン' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3825

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Philosophy

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理念 (りねん)' refers to a fundamental principle, ideal, or philosophy that serves as the guiding belief or concept behind something. It is often used in formal or academic contexts to describe the core values or theoretical foundation of an organization, system, or ideology. For example: The company's philosophy is based on sustainability「その会社の理念は持続可能性に基づいている」(そのかいしゃのりねんはじぞくかのうせいにもとづいている). The educational philosophy emphasizes creativity「その教育理念は創造性を重視している」(そのきょういくりねんはそうぞうせいをじゅうししている). This word is commonly used in discussions about ethics, governance, or long-term visions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3826

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sink

Reading

Kanji

沈Sink

Explanation

The Japanese verb '沈める (しずめる)' means 'to sink' something, typically referring to causing an object to submerge or go underwater. It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object (e.g., sinking a ship). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe causing someone or something to fall into a state of despair or ruin. Example sentences: He sank the boat「彼は船を沈めた」(かれはふねをしずめた). The bad news sank her spirits「悪い知らせは彼女の気持ちを沈めた」(わるいしらせはかのじょのきもちをしずめた). Note that '沈める' is distinct from '沈む (しずむ)', which is intransitive and means 'to sink' on its own.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3827

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pure

Reading

Kanji

純Pure 粋Refined, Stylish

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '純粋 (じゅんすい)' means 'pure'. It is used to describe something that is free from impurities, contamination, or anything that might dilute its essence. This term can be applied to physical substances, such as pure water「純粋な水」(じゅんすいなみず), as well as abstract concepts, like pure intentions「純粋な意図」(じゅんすいないと). It can also describe a person's character, indicating innocence or sincerity, as in 'a pure heart'「純粋な心」(じゅんすいなこころ). The word carries a positive connotation, often implying something is untainted or genuine.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3828

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Justice

Reading

Kanji

正Correct 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '正義 (せいぎ)' means 'justice'. It refers to the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, law, fairness, and equity. This word is often used in contexts related to law, morality, and societal norms. For example: He fights for justice「彼は正義のために戦う」(かれはせいぎのためにたたかう). Justice is important in society「正義は社会において重要だ」(せいぎはしゃかいにおいてじゅうようだ). The term can also be used in philosophical or ethical discussions, emphasizing the importance of fairness and moral integrity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3829

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Return

Reading

Kanji

返Return

Explanation

The Japanese verb '返る (かえる)' means 'to return' or 'to go back'. It is often used to describe the act of returning to a place, state, or condition. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as returning home, returning to a previous state, or even returning an item. For example: I will return home「家に返る」(いえにかえる). The book returned to the library「本が図書館に返った」(ほんがとしょかんにかえった). It's important to note that '返る' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. Instead, it often pairs with particles like 'に' to indicate the destination or target of the return.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3830

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wet

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'ぬれる (nureru)' means 'to get wet'. It is used to describe something or someone becoming wet, often due to exposure to water or another liquid. This verb is commonly used in everyday situations, such as when clothes, hair, or objects get wet. For example: My clothes got wet in the rain「服が雨でぬれた」(ふくがあめでぬれた). The towel is wet「タオルがぬれている」(タオルがぬれている). Note that 'ぬれる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. To express the action of making something wet, the transitive verb 'ぬらす (nurasu)' is used instead.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

3831

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eternity

Reading

Kanji

永Eternity 遠Far

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '永遠 (えいえん)' means 'eternity' or 'perpetual'. It is used to describe something that lasts forever, without end. This word is often used in poetic or philosophical contexts to express timelessness or unending continuity. For example: Their love is eternal「彼らの愛は永遠だ」(かれらのあいはえいえんだ). The beauty of nature is eternal「自然の美しさは永遠だ」(しぜんのうつくしさはえいえんだ). It can also be used to describe abstract concepts like time, life, or emotions that are perceived as infinite.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3832

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eternal

Reading

Kanji

永Eternity 久Long time

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '永久 (えいきゅう)' means 'eternal' or 'permanent'. It is used to describe something that lasts forever or has no end. This word is often used in contexts related to time, nature, or abstract concepts. For example: eternal love「永久の愛」(えいきゅうのあい). The beauty of this place is eternal「この場所の美しさは永久だ」(このばしょのうつくしさはえいきゅうだ). Note that '永久' is often used in formal or poetic contexts to emphasize the timeless nature of something.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3833

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tight, Tough

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'きつい' can mean 'tight' or 'tough', depending on the context. When used to describe something physically tight, it refers to something that fits snugly or is constricting, such as clothing or a lid. For example: These shoes are tight「この靴はきつい」(このくつはきつい). When used to describe a situation or task, it means 'tough' or 'difficult', indicating something that is demanding or strenuous. For example: This job is tough「この仕事はきつい」(このしごとはきつい). The word can also describe a person's personality as strict or harsh, as in 'きつい人 (きついひと) (strict person)'. It's important to consider the context to determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

3834

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pupil

Reading

Kanji

瞳Pupil

Explanation

The Japanese noun '瞳 (ひとみ)' primarily refers to the 'pupil' of the eye, the black circular opening in the center of the iris. It can also poetically or metaphorically refer to the eyes themselves, often evoking a sense of beauty or depth. For example: Her pupils are beautiful「彼女の瞳は美しい」(かのじょのひとみはうつくしい). The child's eyes sparkled「子供の瞳が輝いていた」(こどものひとみがかがやいていた). This word is often used in literary or emotional contexts to emphasize the expressiveness or allure of someone's eyes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3835

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cool

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷ます (さます)' means 'to cool'. This verb is used when referring to the action of reducing the temperature of something, typically food or drinks, to make it suitable for consumption or handling. It can also be used metaphorically to describe cooling down emotions or situations. For example: I cooled the tea「お茶を冷ました」(おちゃをさました). She cooled her anger「彼女は怒りを冷ました」(かのじょはおこりをさました). Note that '冷ます' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being cooled.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3836

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Garage

Reading

Kanji

車Car 庫Warehouse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車庫 (しゃこ)' refers to a 'garage', a structure or space where vehicles, particularly cars, are stored or parked. It is commonly used in contexts related to housing, parking, or vehicle maintenance. For example: The car is in the garage「車は車庫にあります」(くるまはしゃこにあります). We built a new garage「新しい車庫を建てました」(あたらしいしゃこをたてました). The term is straightforward and primarily used in practical, everyday situations involving vehicles.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3837

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Safe

Reading

Kanji

金Gold 庫Warehouse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '金庫 (きんこ)' refers to a 'safe' or 'vault', typically used to store valuable items such as money, jewelry, or important documents. It is commonly found in homes, businesses, or banks. For example: The money is kept in the safe「お金は金庫に保管されています」(おかねはきんこにほかんされています). They opened the safe to retrieve the documents「彼らは書類を取り出すために金庫を開けました」(かれらはしょるいをとりだすためにきんこをあけました). The word can also metaphorically refer to a secure place or repository for something valuable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3838

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New

Reading

Kanji

新New 規Standard, Regulation

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '新規 (しんき)' means 'new' and is often used to describe something that is newly established, introduced, or started. It is commonly used in business contexts to refer to new customers, projects, or accounts. For example: We are looking for new customers「新規の顧客を探しています」(しんきのこきゃくをさがしています). This is a new project「これは新規のプロジェクトです」(これはしんきのぷろじぇくとです). The term emphasizes the freshness or novelty of the subject and is frequently used in formal or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3839

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suspicious

Reading

Kanji

怪Weird, Suspicious

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '怪しい (あやしい)' primarily means 'suspicious'. It is used to describe something or someone that seems dubious, questionable, or not entirely trustworthy. This can apply to situations, objects, or people. For example: That person looks suspicious「あの人は怪しい」(あのひとはあやしい). The story sounds suspicious「その話は怪しい」(そのはなしはあやしい). Additionally, '怪しい' can sometimes imply a sense of mystery or the supernatural, as in: The old house looks eerie「その古い家は怪しい」(そのふるいいえはあやしい). The nuance of the word can vary depending on context, but it generally conveys a sense of doubt or unease.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3840

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relieved

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ほっと' expresses a feeling of relief or relaxation after a period of tension or worry. It is often used to describe the emotional state of someone who has been anxious or stressed and then feels a sense of calm. For example: I felt relieved when I heard the good news「良い知らせを聞いてほっとした」(よいしらせをきいてほっとした). She sighed in relief「彼女はほっとため息をついた」(かのじょはほっとためいきをついた). This word can also be used to describe a physical state of relaxation, such as sitting down after a long day: I relaxed with a cup of tea「お茶を飲んでほっとした」(おちゃをのんでほっとした).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

3841

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kimono

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '着物 (きもの)' refers to a traditional Japanese garment. It is a long robe with wide sleeves, tied with a sash called an obi. Kimonos are typically worn on special occasions such as weddings, tea ceremonies, and festivals. Example sentences: She is wearing a beautiful kimono「彼女は美しい着物を着ています」(かのじょはうつくしいきものをきています). I bought a kimono for the festival「祭りのために着物を買いました」(まつりのためにきものをかいました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3842

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Colonization

Reading

Kanji

植Plant 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '植民 (しょくみん)' refers to the act or process of establishing a colony or colonies. It is often used in historical or political contexts to describe the settlement and control of one country or territory by another. For example: The colonization of America by Europeans「ヨーロッパ人によるアメリカの植民」(よーろっぱじんによるあめりかのしょくみん). Japan's colonization of Korea in the early 20th century「20世紀初頭の日本による朝鮮の植民」(にじゅっせいきしょとうのにほんによるちょうせんのしょくみん). This term is typically used in formal or academic discussions and carries a neutral to negative connotation depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3843

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rights

Reading

Kanji

人Person 権Rights, Authority

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人権 (じんけん)' refers to 'human rights'. It is used to describe the fundamental rights and freedoms that belong to every individual, such as the right to life, liberty, and equality. This term is often used in legal, political, and social contexts. For example: Human rights must be respected「人権は尊重されなければならない」(じんけんはそんちょうされなければならない). The government is working to protect human rights「政府は人権を守るために働いている」(せいふはじんけんをまもるためにはたらいている). The concept of '人権' is deeply rooted in the idea of universal dignity and fairness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3844

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heart

Reading

Kanji

心Heart 臓Entrails, Viscera

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '心臓 (しんぞう)' refers to the 'heart', the organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It is used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: His heart is strong「彼の心臓は強い」(かれのしんぞうはつよい). This can also be used metaphorically to describe courage or emotional strength, as in: She has the heart of a lion「彼女は心臓が強い」(かのじょはしんぞうがつよい). Note that '心臓' is often used in medical or biological contexts, but can also appear in everyday language to describe emotional states or characteristics.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3845

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pleasant

Reading

Kanji

快Pleasant

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '快い (こころよい)' means 'pleasant'. It is used to describe something that is agreeable, enjoyable, or soothing to the mind or senses. This word often conveys a sense of comfort or satisfaction. For example: The breeze feels pleasant「風が快い」(かぜがこころよい). His words were pleasant to hear「彼の言葉は快かった」(かれのことばはこころよかった). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as describing a pleasant feeling or atmosphere. Note that this word is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to simpler adjectives like '楽しい (たのしい)' (fun) or '気持ちいい (きもちいい)' (feels good).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3846

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eel

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ウナギ' refers to the freshwater eel, a common ingredient in Japanese cuisine. It is particularly famous for being used in dishes like 'unadon' (grilled eel over rice) and 'unagi sushi'. The word is often associated with summer in Japan, as eating eel is believed to provide stamina during the hot season. For example: I ate grilled eel「ウナギを食べた」(うなぎをたべた). This restaurant serves delicious eel「このレストランは美味しいウナギを出す」(このレストランはおいしいうなぎをだす). Note that 'ウナギ' is written in katakana, which is typical for names of animals or foods in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3847

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pointing out

Reading

Kanji

指Finger 摘Pick, Pluck

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '指摘 (してき)' means 'pointing out' or 'indicating'. It is used to describe the act of identifying or highlighting something, often a mistake, issue, or important detail. This word is commonly used in formal or professional contexts, such as meetings, reports, or discussions. For example: The teacher pointed out the mistake in my homework「先生は私の宿題の間違いを指摘した」(せんせいはわたしのしゅくだいのまちがいをしてきした). The report pointed out the need for further research「そのレポートはさらなる研究の必要性を指摘した」(そのレポートはさらになるけんきゅうのひつようせいをしてきした). Note that '指摘' is often followed by the particle 'を' when used as a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3848

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

License

Reading

Kanji

免Excuse, Exempt 許Permit, Allow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '免許 (めんきょ)' refers to an official permission or license granted by an authority, allowing someone to perform a specific activity or profession. It is commonly used in contexts such as driving licenses, professional certifications, or permits. For example: I got my driver's license「運転免許を取得しました」(うんてんめんきょをしゅとくしました). He has a teaching license「彼は教員免許を持っています」(かれはきょういんめんきょをもっています). The term emphasizes the formal and legal aspect of being authorized to do something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3849

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Restraint

Reading

Kanji

抑Restrain, Suppress 制System, Control

Explanation

The Japanese noun '抑制 (よくせい)' means 'restraint' or 'control'. It refers to the act of holding back or limiting something, often used in contexts involving emotions, actions, or processes. For example: He showed great restraint in the argument「彼は議論で抑制を示した」(かれはぎろんでよくせいをしめした). The government imposed restrictions to control inflation「政府はインフレを抑制するために制限を課した」(せいふはインフレをよくせいするためにせいげんをかした). This term is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to describe the act of suppressing or managing something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3850

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Humidity

Reading

Kanji

湿Damp, Moist 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '湿度 (しつど)' refers to 'humidity', which is the amount of water vapor present in the air. It is commonly used in weather forecasts, discussions about climate, or when describing the comfort level of an environment. For example: The humidity is high today「今日は湿度が高い」(きょうはしつどがたかい). I don't like high humidity「湿度が高いのは嫌い」(しつどがたかいのはきらい). This word is often paired with adjectives like 高い (たかい, high) or 低い (ひくい, low) to describe the level of humidity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3851

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Damp

Reading

Kanji

湿Damp, Moist

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '湿っぽい (しめっぽい)' means 'damp'. This adjective is used to describe something that is slightly wet or moist, often in a way that feels uncomfortable or unpleasant. It can be used to describe physical objects, environments, or even metaphorical situations. For example: the towel feels damp「タオルが湿っぽい」(タオルがしめっぽい). The atmosphere in the room is damp「部屋の雰囲気が湿っぽい」(へやのふんいきがしめっぽい). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that feels emotionally heavy or melancholic, such as a damp mood「湿っぽい気分」(しめっぽいきぶん).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3852

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Humidity

Reading

Kanji

湿Damp, Moist 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '湿気 (しっけ)' refers to 'humidity' or 'moisture in the air'. It is commonly used to describe the dampness or wetness in the atmosphere, especially during rainy seasons or in humid climates. For example: The humidity is high today「今日は湿気が多い」(きょうはしっけがおおい). This room has a lot of humidity「この部屋は湿気が多い」(このへやはしっけがおおい). The word can also be used to describe the feeling of dampness on objects or surfaces, such as '湿気を感じる (しっけをかんじる)' (to feel the humidity).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3853

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Public, Official

Reading

Kanji

公Public 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '公的 (こうてき)' refers to something related to the public or official matters. It is often used to describe actions, organizations, or systems that are connected to the government, public institutions, or formal procedures. For example: public funding「公的な資金」(こうてきなしきん). This is an official document「これは公的な書類です」(これはこうてきなしょるいです). The word can also imply a sense of formality or legitimacy, as in '公的な立場 (こうてきなたちば) (official position)'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3854

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Capital

Reading

Kanji

首Neck 都Metropolis

Explanation

The Japanese noun '首都 (しゅと)' refers to the capital city of a country or region. It is used to denote the primary city where the government is based and often serves as the political, cultural, and economic center. For example: Tokyo is the capital of Japan「東京は日本の首都です」(とうきょうはにほんのしゅとです). Paris is the capital of France「パリはフランスの首都です」(ぱりはふらんすのしゅとです). The term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3855

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Above

Reading

Kanji

上Up 記Record

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上記 (じょうき)' means 'above' or 'the above-mentioned'. It is used to refer to something that has been previously mentioned or written in a text. This word is commonly used in formal or written contexts, such as documents, reports, or academic papers. For example: as mentioned above「上記の通り」(じょうきのとおり). Please refer to the above section「上記のセクションを参照してください」(じょうきのセクションをさんしょうしてください). It is important to note that '上記' is often used to avoid repetition and to make the text more concise.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3856

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contrast

Reading

Kanji

対Against 照Shine, Illuminate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '対照 (たいしょう)' means 'contrast'. It refers to the state of being strikingly different from something else, typically in a way that highlights their differences. This word is often used in contexts where two or more things are compared to emphasize their dissimilarities. For example: the contrast between light and dark「光と闇の対照」(ひかりとやみのたいしょう). The contrast between the two cultures is striking「二つの文化の対照は際立っている」(ふたつのぶんかのたいしょうはきわだっている). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as contrasting ideas or theories.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3857

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Motorcycle

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'バイク (ばいく)' refers to a motorcycle. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe a two-wheeled motor vehicle. It is important to note that while 'バイク' specifically refers to motorcycles, it is sometimes colloquially used to refer to bicycles in certain contexts, though this usage is less common and can be considered informal. Example sentences: I ride a motorcycle to work「私はバイクで仕事に行きます」(わたしはばいくでしごとにいきます). He bought a new motorcycle「彼は新しいバイクを買いました」(かれはあたらしいばいくをかいました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3858

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenness

Reading

Kanji

不Not 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不意 (ふい)' refers to something happening suddenly or unexpectedly. It is often used to describe events or actions that catch someone off guard. For example: He was taken by surprise「彼は不意をつかれた」(かれはふいをつかれた). The suddenness of the storm surprised everyone「嵐の不意さに皆驚いた」(あらしのふいさにみなおどろいた). This word is commonly used in contexts where the unexpected nature of an event is emphasized.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3859

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pollution

Reading

Kanji

汚Dirty, Dishonor 染Dye

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '汚染 (おせん)' means 'pollution'. It refers to the contamination of the environment, substances, or areas by harmful or toxic elements. This term is commonly used in discussions about environmental issues, such as air pollution, water pollution, or soil contamination. For example: The river is suffering from pollution「川が汚染されている」(かわがおせんされている). Air pollution is a serious problem「大気汚染は深刻な問題だ」(たいきおせんはしんこくなもんだいだ). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the corruption or tainting of ideas, cultures, or systems.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3860

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guard

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ガード (gaado)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'guard'. It is commonly used in contexts related to protection, security, or defense. For example, in sports, it refers to a defensive position or action, such as in basketball or martial arts. It can also refer to physical barriers or protective gear. Example sentences: He is a good guard「彼は良いガードだ」(かれはよいガードだ). Please lower the guard rail「ガードレールを下げてください」(ガードレールをさげてください). The word is versatile and often used in both literal and metaphorical senses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3861

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Radiation

Reading

Kanji

放Release 射Shoot

Explanation

The Japanese noun '放射 (ほうしゃ)' refers to 'radiation'. This term is commonly used in scientific, medical, and environmental contexts to describe the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization. For example: radiation therapy「放射線治療」(ほうしゃせんちりょう). The radiation level is high「放射線レベルが高い」(ほうしゃせんレベルがたかい). It's important to note that this word is often used in compound terms, such as '放射線 (ほうしゃせん)' (radiation rays) or '放射能 (ほうしゃのう)' (radioactivity).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3862

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scholar

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学者 (がくしゃ)' refers to a person who is highly educated and specializes in a particular field of study, such as a scholar or academic. It is commonly used to describe individuals who conduct research or contribute to knowledge in areas like science, literature, or history. Example sentences: He is a famous scholar「彼は有名な学者です」(かれはゆうめいながくしゃです). The scholar published a new book「その学者は新しい本を出版しました」(そのがくしゃはあたらしいほんをしゅっぱんしました). Note that '学者' emphasizes expertise and academic contribution, distinguishing it from more general terms like '学生 (がくせい)' (student).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3863

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rumor, Reputation

Reading

Kanji

評Evaluate 判Judge, Stamp

Explanation

The Japanese noun '評判 (ひょうばん)' can mean either 'reputation' or 'rumor', depending on the context. When referring to 'reputation', it describes the general opinion or esteem that people have about someone or something. For example: This restaurant has a good reputation「このレストランは評判がいい」(このレストランはひょうばんがいい). When referring to 'rumor', it describes information or stories that are spread informally, often without verification. For example: There is a rumor about him「彼についての評判がある」(かれについてのひょうばんがある). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal settings, and its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3864

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Observation

Reading

Kanji

観View 察Guess

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '観察 (かんさつ)' means 'observation'. It refers to the act of carefully watching or examining something, often to gain information or understanding. This word is commonly used in scientific, educational, or everyday contexts. For example: careful observation is important in science「科学では注意深い観察が重要だ」(かがくではちゅういぶかいかんさつがじゅうようだ). I observed the behavior of birds「鳥の行動を観察した」(とりのこうどうをかんさつした). The word can also imply a systematic or detailed examination, as in '観察力 (かんさつりょく) (power of observation)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3865

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance

Reading

Kanji

外Outside 観View

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外観 (がいかん)' refers to the external appearance or outward look of something, such as a building, object, or even a person. It is often used to describe the visual impression or facade of something. For example: The appearance of the building is modern「その建物の外観はモダンです」(そのたてもののがいかんはモダンです). She pays great attention to her appearance「彼女は外観に非常に気を遣います」(かのじょはがいかんにひじょうにきをつかいます). This word is commonly used in contexts related to design, architecture, or personal presentation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3866

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monk

Reading

Kanji

僧Bonze, Buddhist priest

Explanation

The Japanese noun '僧 (そう)' refers to a Buddhist monk, a person who has dedicated their life to religious practice and often lives in a monastery. This term is used in the context of Buddhism and is associated with spiritual and ascetic practices. For example: The monk is meditating「僧が瞑想している」(そうがめいそうしている). I saw a monk at the temple「お寺で僧を見た」(おてらでそうをみた). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '僧侶 (そうりょ)' which also means 'monk' or 'clergy'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3867

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daytime

Reading

Kanji

昼Daytime, Noon 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昼間 (ひるま)' refers to the period of the day when the sun is up, typically from sunrise to sunset. It is used to describe activities or events that occur during daylight hours. For example: I work during the daytime「私は昼間に働きます」(わたしはひるまにはたらきます). It's quiet during the daytime「昼間は静かです」(ひるまはしずかです). This word is often used in contrast to '夜 (よる)' which means 'night'. It's important to note that '昼間' specifically refers to the time of day and not the concept of 'day' as in a 24-hour period, which would be '一日 (いちにち)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3868

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Brush

Reading

Kanji

筆Brush

Explanation

The Japanese noun '筆 (ふで)' refers to a 'brush', specifically a writing or painting brush. This term is commonly used in the context of traditional Japanese calligraphy (書道, しょどう) and painting. The brush is an essential tool in these art forms, and the quality of the brush can significantly affect the outcome of the work. For example: I bought a new brush「新しい筆を買いました」(あたらしいふでをかいました). She is skilled with a brush「彼女は筆が上手です」(かのじょはふでがじょうずです). In addition to its literal meaning, '筆' can also be used metaphorically to refer to someone's writing style or ability, as in '彼の筆は鋭い (かれのふではするどい)' (His writing is sharp).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3869

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fukuoka

Reading

Explanation

The proper noun 'フクオカ (ふくおか)' refers to Fukuoka, a major city located in the northern part of Kyushu Island in Japan. Fukuoka is known for its vibrant culture, historical sites, and as a gateway to other parts of Asia. It is also famous for its food, particularly Hakata ramen. Example sentences: I visited Fukuoka last year「去年フクオカを訪れました」(きょねんふくおかをおとずれました). Fukuoka is famous for its ramen「フクオカはラーメンで有名です」(ふくおかはらーめんでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

3870

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pumpkin

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'かぼちゃ' refers to a type of winter squash, commonly known as 'pumpkin' in English. In Japan, it is widely used in both savory and sweet dishes, such as tempura, stews, and desserts. The word can also refer to the vegetable itself or dishes made from it. For example: I bought a pumpkin「かぼちゃを買いました」(かぼちゃをかいました). This soup is made with pumpkin「このスープはかぼちゃでできています」(このスープはかぼちゃでできています). Note that 'かぼちゃ' specifically refers to the Japanese variety of pumpkin, which has a denser and sweeter flesh compared to Western pumpkins.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3871

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Objective

Reading

Kanji

客Guest, Customer 観View 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '客観的 (きゃっかんてき)' means 'objective'. It is used to describe something that is based on facts, evidence, or observations rather than personal feelings, opinions, or interpretations. This term is often used in academic, scientific, or analytical contexts to emphasize neutrality and impartiality. For example: He gave an objective analysis of the situation「彼は状況を客観的に分析した」(かれはじょうきょうをきゃっかんてきにぶんせきした). It's important to maintain an objective perspective「客観的な視点を保つことが重要だ」(きゃっかんてきなしてんをたもつことがじゅうようだ). The adjective is commonly used to modify nouns, such as '客観的な事実 (きゃっかんてきなじじつ) (objective fact)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3872

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subjective

Reading

Kanji

主Master 観View 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '主観的 (しゅかんてき)' means 'subjective'. It is used to describe something that is based on personal opinions, feelings, or perspectives rather than on objective facts. This term is often used in discussions about art, philosophy, or personal experiences. For example: His opinion is very subjective「彼の意見はとても主観的だ」(かれのいけんはとてもしゅかんてきだ). This painting is subjective「この絵は主観的だ」(このえはしゅかんてきだ). The adjective can also be used to describe a person's viewpoint or interpretation of events, emphasizing that it is influenced by their individual perspective.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resolution

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 消Extinguish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '解消 (かいしょう)' refers to the act of resolving, eliminating, or dissolving something, such as a problem, tension, or a condition. It is often used in contexts where an issue or situation is being cleared or settled. For example: The tension was resolved「緊張が解消された」(きんちょうがかいしょうされた). We need to resolve this problem「この問題を解消する必要がある」(このもんだいをかいしょうするひつようがある). The term can also be used in contexts like stress relief or dissolving a contract, emphasizing the idea of something being cleared or removed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3874

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Official duty

Reading

Kanji

公Public 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公務 (こうむ)' refers to 'official duty' or 'public service'. It is commonly used to describe work or responsibilities carried out by government employees or public officials. This term emphasizes the formal and public nature of the duties. For example: He is busy with official duties「彼は公務で忙しい」(かれはこうむでいそがしい). Public officials must prioritize their official duties「公務員は公務を優先しなければならない」(こうむいんはこうむをゆうせんしなければならない). The word is often associated with roles in government, administration, or public institutions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3875

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Distribution

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 布Cloth, Linen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '分布 (ぶんぷ)' means 'distribution'. This term is commonly used in contexts such as statistics, geography, biology, and other fields to describe how something is spread or arranged over an area or among a group. For example: the distribution of population「人口の分布」(じんこうのぶんぷ). The distribution of resources「資源の分布」(しげんのぶんぷ). It can also refer to the spread of data points in a statistical context, such as 'normal distribution'「正規分布」(せいきぶんぷ). The word is neutral and can be applied to both physical and abstract distributions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3876

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

List

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'リスト (りすと)' means 'list'. It refers to a series of items, names, or tasks written or printed together in a meaningful order. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, such as making a shopping list or a to-do list. For example: Please make a list of the items you need「必要なもののリストを作ってください」(ひつようなもののりすとをつくってください). I checked the list「リストを確認しました」(りすとをかくにんしました). The word is often used in business settings, such as 'attendee list' (参加者リスト, さんかしゃりすと) or 'price list' (価格リスト, かかくりすと).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3877

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Observation

Reading

Kanji

観View 測Measure, Conjecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '観測 (かんそく)' means 'observation'. It refers to the act of observing or monitoring something, often in a scientific or systematic manner. This term is commonly used in contexts such as weather observation, astronomical observation, or data collection. For example: The observation of stars is fascinating「星の観測は魅力的です」(ほしのかんそくはみりょくてきです). They are conducting weather observations「彼らは気象観測を行っています」(かれらはきしょうかんそくをおこなっています). The term can also imply a careful or detailed examination of phenomena.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3878

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guess, Speculation

Reading

Kanji

推Infer 測Measure, Conjecture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '推測 (すいそく)' refers to the act of making an educated guess or forming a hypothesis based on available information. It is often used in contexts where there is uncertainty or incomplete data, and it implies a logical process of reasoning rather than a random guess. For example: His guess was correct「彼の推測は正しかった」(かれのすいそくはただしかった). We can only speculate about the future「未来について推測することしかできない」(みらいについてすいそくすることしかできない). It is important to note that '推測' carries a slightly more formal tone compared to casual words like '当てずっぽう (あてずっぽう)' (wild guess).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3879

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contact

Reading

Kanji

接Contact, Touch 触Touch, Contact

Explanation

The Japanese noun '接触 (せっしょく)' means 'contact'. This word is used to describe physical touch or interaction between two entities. It can also refer to communication or connection between people or groups. For example: avoid physical contact「物理的な接触を避ける」(ぶつりてきなせっしょくをさける). The two groups had no contact「二つのグループは接触がなかった」(ふたつのグループはせっしょくがなかった). In medical contexts, it can refer to exposure to a pathogen, as in 'contact with an infected person'「感染者との接触」(かんせんしゃとのせっしょく).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3880

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bring in

Reading

Kanji

持Hold 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '持ち込む (もちこむ)' means 'to bring in' or 'to carry in.' It is used when someone brings something into a specific place or context. This verb can be used in both literal contexts, such as bringing an object into a room, or figurative contexts, such as introducing an idea or issue into a conversation. For example: He brought his own food into the restaurant 「彼は自分の食べ物を持ち込んだ」 (かれはじぶんのたべものをもちこんだ). The lawyer introduced new evidence into the case 「弁護士は新しい証拠を持ち込んだ」 (べんごしはあたらしいしょうこをもちこんだ). Note that this verb is often used in situations where the act of bringing in something may have an impact on the surrounding environment or situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3881

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quiz

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'クイズ (kuizu)' means 'quiz'. It refers to a game or competition in which players answer questions to test their knowledge. This word is commonly used in educational settings, TV shows, or casual games. For example: Let's do a quiz「クイズをしましょう」(くいずをしましょう). I watched a quiz show yesterday「昨日クイズ番組を見ました」(きのうくいずばんぐみをみました). The word is borrowed from English and is written in katakana, reflecting its foreign origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

3882

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relative

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 対Against

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相対 (そうたい)' means 'relative'. It refers to something that is considered in relation or comparison to something else, rather than being absolute. This term is often used in contexts involving comparison, relativity, or opposition. For example: relative position「相対的な位置」(そうたいてきないち). Relative truth「相対的な真実」(そうたいてきなしんじつ). The concept of '相対' is fundamental in discussions about perspectives, relationships, and comparisons in various fields such as philosophy, physics, and everyday life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3883

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Illegal

Reading

Kanji

違Differ, Different 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '違法 (いほう)' means 'illegal'. It refers to actions, activities, or behaviors that are against the law or prohibited by legal regulations. This term is often used in legal, formal, or official contexts. For example: That act is illegal「その行為は違法だ」(そのこういはいほうだ). Illegal parking is strictly prohibited「違法駐車は厳禁です」(いほうちゅうしゃはげんきんです). The word can also be used in compound terms like '違法行為 (いほうこうい)' (illegal act) or '違法ダウンロード (いほうダウンロード)' (illegal download).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3884

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Author

Reading

Kanji

作Make 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作者 (さくしゃ)' refers to the creator or author of a work, such as a book, painting, or other artistic creation. It is commonly used to describe the person responsible for the creation of a piece of art, literature, or any creative work. For example: the author of this book is famous「この本の作者は有名です」(このほんのさくしゃはゆうめいです). Who is the author of this painting?「この絵の作者は誰ですか？」(このえのさくしゃはだれですか？). The term emphasizes the role of the creator in bringing a work into existence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3885

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Follower

Reading

Kanji

徒Follower, Junior

Explanation

The Japanese noun '徒 (と)' means 'follower' or 'disciple'. It is often used to refer to someone who follows a particular person, group, or ideology. This term can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation depending on the context, implying blind adherence or lack of independent thought. Example sentences: He is a follower of that philosophy「彼はその哲学の徒だ」(かれはそのてつがくのとだ). The followers of the cult were devoted「そのカルトの徒は熱心だった」(そのカルトのとはねっしんだった). Note that '徒' can also appear in compound words, such as '信徒 (しんと)' (believer) or '学徒 (がくと)' (student).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3886

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Worry

Reading

Kanji

悩Worry, Distress

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悩み (なやみ)' means 'worry' or 'concern'. It refers to a state of mental distress or anxiety caused by problems or difficulties. This word is often used to describe personal struggles, such as emotional or psychological burdens. For example: I have many worries「私には悩みが多い」(わたしにはなやみがおおい). His worry is about his future「彼の悩みは将来のことだ」(かれのなやみはしょうらいのことだ). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe societal or collective concerns, such as 'environmental worries' (環境の悩み, かんきょうのなやみ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3887

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sanitary

Reading

Kanji

衛Protect, Defense 生Life 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '衛生的 (えいせいてき)' means 'sanitary' or 'hygienic'. It is used to describe conditions, environments, or practices that are clean and promote health. This word is often used in contexts related to cleanliness, health standards, or public hygiene. For example: This restaurant is very sanitary「このレストランはとても衛生的です」(このレストランはとてもえいせいてきです). It's important to maintain a sanitary environment「衛生的な環境を保つことが大切です」(えいせいてきなかんきょうをたもつことがたいせつです). The adjective can also describe objects or practices, such as '衛生的なトイレ (えいせいてきなトイレ)' (sanitary toilet).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3888

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intensity

Reading

Kanji

震Quake 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '震度 (しんど)' refers to the intensity of an earthquake, specifically as measured on the Japanese seismic intensity scale. This scale ranges from 0 to 7, with higher numbers indicating stronger shaking. For example: The earthquake had an intensity of 5「地震の震度は5でした」(じしんのしんどはごでした). The intensity of the tremor was quite high「震度がかなり高かった」(しんどがかなりたかかった). It's important to note that '震度' is specifically used in the context of earthquakes and should not be confused with other types of intensity measurements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3889

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vibration

Reading

Kanji

振Shake, Swing 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '振動 (しんどう)' means 'vibration'. It refers to the rapid back-and-forth movement of an object or a system. This term is commonly used in both everyday and technical contexts, such as describing the vibration of a phone or the oscillation of a machine. For example: the vibration of the phone woke me up「携帯の振動で目が覚めた」(けいたいのしんどうでめがさめた). The machine is vibrating「機械が振動している」(きかいがしんどうしている). In physics or engineering contexts, '振動' can also refer to oscillations or waves, such as in '振動数 (しんどうすう)' meaning 'frequency'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3890

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enthusiastic

Reading

Kanji

熱Heat, Temperature 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '熱心 (ねっしん)' means 'enthusiastic' or 'zealous'. It describes someone who is deeply committed, passionate, or earnest about something. This word is often used to describe a person's attitude or approach toward a task, hobby, or goal. For example: He is enthusiastic about studying「彼は勉強に熱心だ」(かれはべんきょうにねっしんだ). She is passionate about her work「彼女は仕事に熱心です」(かのじょはしごとにねっしんです). The word can also be used to describe a group or organization that is dedicated to a cause, such as '熱心なボランティア (ねっしんなぼらんてぃあ)' (enthusiastic volunteers).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3891

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extinction

Reading

Kanji

消Extinguish 滅Ruin, Destroy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '消滅 (しょうめつ)' primarily means 'extinction' or 'disappearance'. It is used to describe the complete cessation or vanishing of something, such as a species, a phenomenon, or even an organization. For example: the extinction of dinosaurs「恐竜の消滅」(きょうりゅうのしょうめつ). The disappearance of the village「村の消滅」(むらのしょうめつ). This word can also be used in legal or formal contexts to describe the dissolution or termination of entities, such as companies or rights. For instance: the dissolution of the company「会社の消滅」(かいしゃのしょうめつ). It is important to note that '消滅' carries a sense of finality and completeness in its disappearance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3892

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Incorporate, Adopt

Reading

Kanji

取Take 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り入れる (とりいれる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to adopt', often used when referring to adopting ideas, methods, or systems. The second is 'to incorporate', which can refer to physically bringing something in or integrating something into a system. For example: The company adopted new technology「その会社は新しい技術を取り入れた」(そのかいしゃはあたらしいぎじゅつをとりいれた). She incorporated fresh ingredients into her cooking「彼女は新鮮な食材を料理に取り入れた」(かのじょはしんせんなしょくざいをりょうりにとりいれた). This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe the process of integrating or adopting something new.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3893

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

God

Reading

Kanji

神God 様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese noun '神様 (かみさま)' refers to a 'god' or 'deity'. It is a respectful term used to refer to gods in various religions, including Shinto and Buddhism. The term carries a sense of reverence and is often used when speaking about or to a god. For example: I prayed to the god「神様に祈りました」(かみさまにいのりました). The god of this shrine is very powerful「この神社の神様はとても強いです」(このじんじゃのかみさまはとてもつよいです). The term can also be used metaphorically to refer to someone who is exceptionally skilled or revered in a particular field, such as 'a god of baseball'「野球の神様」(やきゅうのかみさま).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3894

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Base, Foot

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient 元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '足元 (あしもと)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'foot', referring to the area around one's feet or the ground beneath them. For example: be careful of your step「足元に気をつけて」(あしもとにきをつけて). The second meaning is 'base', often used metaphorically to refer to the foundation or support of something. For example: the company's base is strong「会社の足元は強い」(かいしゃのあしもとはつよい). This word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and its meaning can shift depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3895

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feed, Bait

Reading

Kanji

餌Feed

Explanation

The Japanese noun '餌 (えさ)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'feed', referring to food given to animals, such as pets or livestock. For example: I gave feed to the dog「犬に餌をあげた」(いぬにえさをあげた). The second meaning is 'bait', used in the context of fishing or trapping. For example: He put bait on the hook「彼は針に餌をつけた」(かれははりにえさをつけた). The word is versatile and can be used in both domestic and outdoor settings, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3896

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Male

Reading

Kanji

雄Male, Heroic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '雄 (おす)' refers to the male gender of animals. It is commonly used to specify the sex of animals, such as in '雄の犬 (おすのいぬ)' meaning 'male dog'. This term is not typically used for humans; instead, '男性 (だんせい)' or '男 (おとこ)' is used. Example sentences include: That is a male bird「あれは雄の鳥です」(あれはおすのとりです). The male lion is larger「雄のライオンは大きい」(おすのライオンはおおきい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3897

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowded

Reading

Kanji

込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '込む (こむ)' primarily means 'to be crowded' or 'to be packed'. It is used to describe places or situations where there is a large number of people or things in a confined space, making it feel full or congested. For example: The train is crowded「電車が込んでいる」(でんしゃがこんでいる). The park is crowded on weekends「週末は公園が込んでいる」(しゅうまつはこうえんがこんでいる). Additionally, '込む' can also be used in compound verbs to indicate that something is done thoroughly or deeply, such as in '考え込む (かんがえこむ)' which means 'to think deeply'. However, the primary and most common usage of '込む' is to describe crowdedness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3898

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strict

Reading

Kanji

厳Severe, Strict 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '厳重 (げんじゅう)' means 'strict' or 'severe'. It is often used to describe something that is very carefully controlled, tightly secured, or strictly enforced. This word can be applied to security measures, rules, or even warnings. For example: strict security measures were taken「厳重な警備が取られた」(げんじゅうなけいびがとられた). The teacher gave a strict warning「先生は厳重に注意した」(せんせいはげんじゅうにちゅういした). It can also imply a sense of seriousness or gravity in a situation, such as in '厳重な処置 (げんじゅうなしょち) (strict measures)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3899

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Valuables

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious 重Heavy 品Product

Explanation

The Japanese noun '貴重品 (きちょうひん)' refers to items that are of high value, either monetarily or sentimentally. This term is commonly used in contexts such as travel, hotels, or public places where people are advised to keep their valuables safe. For example: Please keep your valuables with you at all times「貴重品は常に身につけておいてください」(きちょうひんはつねにみにつけておいてください). The hotel provides a safe for valuables「ホテルは貴重品用の金庫を提供しています」(ホテルはきちょうひんようのきんこをていきょうしています). It's important to note that '貴重品' often implies items like jewelry, cash, passports, or other personal items that are not easily replaceable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3900

Composition

kanji

Handwriting