言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Political party

Reading

Kanji

党Party, Faction 政Government, Politics

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政党 (せいとう)' refers to a 'political party'. This term is used to describe an organized group of people who share similar political goals and work together to influence government policies and gain political power. For example: The new political party was established「新しい政党が設立された」(あたらしいせいとうがせつりつされた). He joined a major political party「彼は主要な政党に加入した」(かれはしゅようなせいとうかにゅうした). The term is commonly used in discussions about politics, elections, and governance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4001

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oil

Reading

Kanji

石Stone 油Oil

Explanation

The Japanese noun '石油 (せきゆ)' refers to 'oil', specifically petroleum or crude oil. It is commonly used in contexts related to energy, fuel, and industrial applications. For example: This country imports a lot of oil「この国は石油をたくさん輸入する」(このくにはせきゆをたくさんゆにゅうする). Oil is an important resource「石油は重要な資源だ」(せきゆはじゅうようなしげんだ). The word is often associated with discussions about energy production, environmental issues, and global markets.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4002

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Snake

Reading

Kanji

蛇Snake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '蛇 (へび)' means 'snake'. This word refers to the reptile characterized by its long, legless body. It is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts. In Japanese culture, snakes can symbolize both positive traits like wisdom and protection, as well as negative traits like danger or deceit. Example sentences: I saw a snake in the garden「庭で蛇を見た」(にわでへびをみた). The snake is long「その蛇は長い」(そのへびはながい). Snakes are often featured in Japanese folklore and mythology, such as the legendary creature 'Yamata no Orochi' (八岐大蛇).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4003

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arise, Gush

Reading

Kanji

湧Well, Boil

Explanation

The Japanese verb '湧く (わく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to gush' or 'to well up', often used to describe liquids like water or oil emerging from the ground. For example: hot water gushes from the spring「温泉からお湯が湧く」(おんせんからおゆがわく). The second meaning is 'to arise' or 'to emerge', used to describe emotions, thoughts, or situations coming into existence. For example: doubts arose in my mind「疑問が心に湧く」(ぎもんがこころにわく). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4004

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Backdoor

Reading

Kanji

口Mouth 裏Inside, Rear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裏口 (うらぐち)' refers to a 'backdoor' or 'rear entrance'. It is commonly used to describe a secondary or less obvious entrance to a building, often used for practical or discreet purposes. In some contexts, it can also imply something done secretly or unofficially, such as '裏口入学 (うらぐちにゅうがく)', which refers to gaining admission through unofficial or unfair means. Example sentences: Please use the backdoor「裏口を使ってください」(うらぐちをつかってください). They entered through the backdoor「彼らは裏口から入った」(かれらはうらぐちからはいった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4005

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inside out

Reading

Kanji

返Return 裏Inside, Rear

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '裏返し (うらがえし)' means 'inside out' or 'reversed'. It is used to describe something that is turned inside out or flipped, often referring to clothing or objects. It can also metaphorically describe a situation or meaning that is the opposite of what is expected. For example: She wore her shirt inside out「彼女はシャツを裏返しに着ていた」(かのじょはシャツをうらがえしにきていた). The meaning of his words was the opposite of what he said「彼の言葉は裏返しの意味だった」(かれのことばはうらがえしのいみだった). This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be applied to both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4006

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Back gate

Reading

Kanji

門Gate 裏Inside, Rear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裏門 (うらもん)' refers to a 'back gate' or 'rear entrance' of a building, estate, or compound. It is often used to describe a secondary or less prominent entrance, as opposed to the main gate. This term can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The back gate is closed「裏門は閉まっている」(うらもんはしまっている). He entered through the back gate「彼は裏門から入った」(かれはうらもんからはいった). In some cases, '裏門' can also imply a sense of secrecy or informality, as it is less visible than the main entrance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4007

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Both sides

Reading

Kanji

表Surface, Express 裏Inside, Rear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '裏表 (うらおもて)' refers to 'both sides' of something, such as a piece of paper, fabric, or even a situation. It can also imply the duality or contrast between two sides, such as the front and back or the surface and hidden aspects. For example: This paper has writing on both sides「この紙は裏表に字が書いてある」(このかみはうらおもてにじがかいてある). He has no ulterior motives, he is straightforward「彼には裏表がない」(かれにはうらおもてがない). The word can also metaphorically describe someone's honesty or lack of hidden intentions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4008

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uterus

Reading

Kanji

子Child 宮Palace

Explanation

The Japanese noun '子宮 (しきゅう)' refers to the 'uterus', which is the organ in the female body where a baby develops during pregnancy. This term is commonly used in medical contexts, discussions about reproductive health, and biology. For example: The doctor examined her uterus「医者は彼女の子宮を検査した」(いしゃはかのじょのしきゅうをけんさした). The uterus is an important organ for reproduction「子宮は生殖にとって重要な器官です」(しきゅうはせいしょくにとってじゅうようなきかんです). The word is neutral in tone and is used in both formal and informal settings when discussing anatomy or health.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4009

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trillion, Sign

Reading

Kanji

兆Omen, Trillion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '兆 (ちょう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'sign', referring to an indication or omen of something that might happen in the future. For example: there are signs of rain「雨の兆がある」(あめのちょうがある). The second meaning is 'trillion', used in the context of numbers. For example: the national debt is over 100 trillion yen「国の借金は100兆円を超えている」(くにのしゃっきんはひゃくちょうえんをこえている). It's important to note that '兆' as 'trillion' is used in the Japanese numbering system, which differs from the Western system where 'trillion' represents a different numerical value.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4010

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cookie

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'クッキー (kukkii)' refers to a 'cookie', which is a small, sweet baked treat. This word is a loanword from English, and it is commonly used in Japan to describe Western-style cookies. For example: I baked cookies「クッキーを焼きました」(クッキーをやきました). These cookies are delicious「このクッキーは美味しいです」(このクッキーはおいしいです). It's important to note that 'クッキー' specifically refers to the sweet baked goods, and it is distinct from other types of biscuits or crackers, which might be referred to by different terms in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4011

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Printing

Reading

Kanji

刷Printing 印Mark, Seal

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '印刷 (いんさつ)' means 'printing'. It refers to the process of producing text and images, typically with ink on paper, using a printing press or other methods. This term is commonly used in contexts related to publishing, office work, and manufacturing. For example: I will do the printing tomorrow「明日印刷をします」(あしたいんさつをします). This book is out of print「この本は絶版です」(このほんはぜっぱんです). Note that '印刷' can also be used in compound words, such as '印刷機 (いんさつき)' (printing machine) or '印刷物 (いんさつぶつ)' (printed matter).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4012

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spirit, Enthusiasm

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '意気 (いき)' refers to one's spirit, enthusiasm, or determination. It is often used to describe a person's vigor, motivation, or the energy they put into their actions. This word is commonly used in contexts related to teamwork, ambition, or personal drive. For example: His spirit is admirable「彼の意気は立派だ」(かれのいきはりっぱだ). They worked with great enthusiasm「彼らは意気込んで働いた」(かれらはいきごんではたらいた). Note that '意気' can also appear in compound words like '意気投合 (いきとうごう)', which means 'to hit it off' or 'to be in sync with someone.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4013

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disaster

Reading

Kanji

災Calamity 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '災害 (さいがい)' refers to a 'disaster' or 'calamity'. It is commonly used to describe natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, or floods, but can also refer to man-made disasters. The word carries a sense of large-scale damage or harm. Example sentences: The town was hit by a natural disaster「その町は自然災害に襲われた」(そのまちはしぜんさいがいにおそわれた). We must prepare for disasters「災害に備えなければならない」(さいがいにそなえなければならない). The word is often used in news reports, safety guidelines, and discussions about emergency preparedness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4014

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Power

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'パワー (ぱわー)' means 'power'. It is a loanword derived from the English word 'power' and is used in various contexts to refer to physical strength, energy, or influence. For example: he has a lot of power「彼はパワーがある」(かれはぱわーがある). This machine has great power「この機械はすごいパワーだ」(このきかいすごいぱわーだ). The word is often used in sports, technology, and everyday conversations to describe capability or force.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4015

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Origin

Reading

Kanji

由Reason 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese noun '由来 (ゆらい)' refers to the origin or source of something, often used to describe the historical or cultural background of a tradition, custom, or object. It can also imply the reason or cause behind something. For example: The origin of this festival is ancient「この祭りの由来は古いです」(このまつりのゆらいはふるいです). The story behind this tradition is interesting「この伝統の由来は面白いです」(このでんとうのゆらいはおもしろいです). This word is commonly used in contexts discussing history, culture, or etymology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4016

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Monthly

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 刊Publish, Edition

Explanation

The Japanese noun '月刊 (げっかん)' refers to something that is published or occurs on a monthly basis. It is commonly used in the context of magazines, journals, or other periodicals. For example: This is a monthly magazine「これは月刊雑誌です」(これはげっかんざっしです). The company releases a monthly report「会社は月刊レポートを発行します」(かいしゃはげっかんレポートをはっこうします). The term emphasizes the regularity of the monthly schedule.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4017

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Publish

Reading

Kanji

版Printing block, Edition 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出版 (しゅっぱん)' means 'publish'. It refers to the act of producing and distributing written or printed material, such as books, magazines, or newspapers, for public consumption. This term is commonly used in contexts related to the publishing industry. For example: The book will be published next month「その本は来月出版されます」(そのほんはらいげつしゅっぱんされます). He works in publishing「彼は出版業界で働いています」(かれはしゅっぱんぎょうかいではたらいています). The nuance of '出版' emphasizes the formal process of making content available to the public, often through established channels like publishers or media companies.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4018

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Publisher

Reading

Kanji

版Printing block, Edition 出Exit 社Company

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出版社 (しゅっぱんしゃ)' refers to a 'publisher', specifically a company or organization that publishes books, magazines, or other written materials. It is commonly used in contexts related to the publishing industry. For example: This book was published by a famous publisher「この本は有名な出版社から出版されました」(このほんはゆうめいなしゅっぱんしゃからしゅっぱんされました). She works at a publishing company「彼女は出版社で働いています」(かのじょはしゅっぱんしゃではたらいています). The word is often used in professional or formal settings when discussing the production and distribution of written works.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4019

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detailed

Reading

Kanji

細Slender 詳Detailed

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '詳細 (しょうさい)' means 'detailed'. It is used to describe something that is thorough, comprehensive, or contains a lot of information. This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as reports, explanations, or descriptions. For example: Please provide a detailed explanation「詳細な説明をしてください」(しょうさいなせつめいをしてください). The details of the plan are unclear「計画の詳細は不明です」(けいかくのしょうさいはふめいです). Note that '詳細' can also function as a noun, meaning 'details', but the primary meaning as an adjectival noun is 'detailed'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4020

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lonely

Reading

Kanji

細Slender 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '心細い (こころぼそい)' conveys a sense of loneliness, unease, or feeling insecure, often due to being alone or lacking support. It is used to describe emotional states where one feels vulnerable or uncertain. For example: I felt lonely in the big city「大きな街で心細かった」(おおきなまちでこころぼそかった). She felt uneasy without her friends「友達がいなくて心細い」(ともだちがいなくてこころぼそい). This word is often used in situations where someone feels emotionally isolated or lacks confidence due to their circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4021

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Posting

Reading

Kanji

掲Hoist, Display, Hold up 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '掲示 (けいじ)' refers to the act of posting or displaying information publicly, such as notices, announcements, or signs. It is commonly used in contexts like bulletin boards, websites, or public spaces where information is shared. For example: The notice was posted on the bulletin board「掲示板に掲示されていた」(けいじばんにけいじされていた). Please check the posted information「掲示された情報を確認してください」(けいじされたじょうほうをかくにんしてください). This word is often used in formal or official settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4022

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last night

Reading

Kanji

昨Yesterday, Previous 夜Night

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昨夜 (さくや)' refers to 'last night' or 'yesterday night'. It is used to indicate the night of the previous day. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to refer to events or actions that occurred during the night before the current day. For example: I went to bed late last night「昨夜は遅く寝ました」(さくやはおそくねました). It rained last night「昨夜は雨が降りました」(さくやはあめがふりました). The word '昨夜' is often used in conversation and writing to specify the time frame of past events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4023

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Outlet

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'コンセント (konsento)' refers to an electrical outlet or socket. This term is commonly used in everyday life when referring to places where electrical devices can be plugged in. For example: Please plug the charger into the outlet「充電器をコンセントに差し込んでください」(じゅうでんきをコンセントにさしこんでください). The outlet is behind the sofa「コンセントはソファの後ろにあります」(コンセントはソファのうしろにあります). It's important to note that 'コンセント' is a loanword derived from the English word 'concentric,' but in Japanese, it specifically refers to electrical outlets.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4024

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Time

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour 刻Engrave

Explanation

The Japanese noun '時刻 (じこく)' refers to a specific point in time or the exact time of an event. It is often used in formal contexts or when precision regarding time is necessary. For example: What time is it now?「今の時刻は何時ですか？」(いまのじこくはなんじですか？). The train departs at 8:00 sharp「電車は8時ちょうどに発車します」(でんしゃは8じちょうどにはっしゃします). This word is commonly seen in schedules, announcements, and formal settings where exact timing is important.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4025

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Built

Reading

Kanji

建Build

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '建て (だて)' is used to indicate the way something is built or constructed. It is often attached to nouns to describe the type of construction or the material used in building something. For example: a wooden house「木造建ての家」(もくぞうだてのいえ). This building is steel-framed「この建物は鉄骨建てです」(このたてものはてっこつだてです). The suffix can also be used to specify the number of floors in a building, such as in 'three-story building'「三階建ての建物」(さんかいだてのたてもの). It is a versatile suffix that provides specific information about the construction or structure of an object or building.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4026

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proactive

Reading

Kanji

的Target 積Accumulate 極Extreme, Pole

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '積極的 (せっきょくてき)' means 'proactive'. It describes someone who takes initiative or acts with enthusiasm and assertiveness. This word is often used in contexts involving work, studies, or personal development to describe a positive and forward-thinking attitude. For example: He is proactive in his work「彼は仕事で積極的です」(かれはしごとでせっきょくてきです). She joined the project with a proactive attitude「彼女は積極的な態度でプロジェクトに参加しました」(かのじょはせっきょくてきなたいどでぷろじぇくとにさんかしました). The word can also imply a willingness to take risks or embrace challenges.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4027

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excuse

Reading

Kanji

訳Reason, Translation 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '言い訳 (いいわけ)' means 'excuse'. It refers to a reason or explanation given to justify or defend one's actions, often to avoid blame or responsibility. This word is commonly used in situations where someone is trying to explain away a mistake or failure. For example: He made an excuse for being late「彼は遅れた言い訳をした」(かれはおくれたいいわけをした). Don't give me excuses「言い訳をしないで」(いいわけをしないで). It can also imply a sense of insincerity or reluctance to take accountability, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4028

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Majority

Reading

Kanji

大Big 半Half

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大半 (たいはん)' means 'majority' and refers to the larger part or greater portion of something. It is often used to describe a significant proportion of a group, quantity, or situation. For example: The majority of the students passed the exam「大半の学生が試験に合格した」(たいはんのがくせいがしけんにごうかくした). The majority of the work is already done「仕事の大半はもう終わっている」(しごとのたいはんはもうおわっている). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to emphasize the larger part of a whole.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4029

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Zone

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 帯Belt, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地帯 (ちたい)' refers to a 'zone' or 'area', typically used to describe a specific region or section that is distinguished by particular characteristics. This term is often used in geographical, environmental, or military contexts. For example: This is a dangerous zone「これは危険な地帯です」(これはきけんなちたいです). The tropical zone has a lot of biodiversity「熱帯地帯は生物多様性が豊かです」(ねったいちたいはせいぶつたようせいがゆたかです). It can also be used metaphorically to describe abstract areas or fields, such as in 'comfort zone' or 'economic zone'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4030

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japan United States

Reading

Kanji

米Rice 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日米 (にちべい)' refers to the relationship or matters involving both Japan and the United States. It is a compound word combining '日' (にち), meaning 'Japan', and '米' (べい), meaning 'America' or 'US'. This term is often used in contexts discussing diplomatic relations, trade agreements, cultural exchanges, or comparative studies between the two countries. For example: The Japan-US relationship is strong「日米関係は強い」(にちべいかんけいはつよい). The Japan-US trade agreement was signed「日米貿易協定が調印された」(にちべいぼうえききょうていがちょういんされた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4031

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lunchbox

Reading

Kanji

弁Valve, Dialect 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弁当 (べんとう)' refers to a 'lunchbox' or a packed meal, typically consisting of rice, fish or meat, and vegetables, arranged neatly in a box. It is a common way to carry meals in Japan, often prepared at home or bought from convenience stores, supermarkets, or specialized bento shops. Bento boxes are popular for school lunches, work meals, and picnics. For example: I bought a bento at the station「駅で弁当を買いました」(えきでべんとうをかいました). Her bento is always colorful「彼女の弁当はいつもカラフルです」(かのじょのべんとうはいつもからふるです). Bento boxes are not only practical but also aesthetically pleasing, often reflecting the care and effort put into their preparation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4032

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Road

Reading

Kanji

路Path

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '路 (ろ)' means 'road' or 'path'. It is often used in compound words to denote a route, way, or passage. This suffix is commonly found in place names or terms related to travel and direction. For example: mountain road「山道」(やまみち). This suffix can also imply a metaphorical path or journey, as in the path of life「人生の路」(じんせいのみち). It is important to note that '路' is typically used in formal or literary contexts and is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4033

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detach, Miss

Reading

Kanji

外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese verb '外れる (はずれる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to detach' or 'to come off', referring to something physically separating from where it was attached. For example: the button came off「ボタンが外れた」(ぼたんがはずれた). The second meaning is 'to miss', often used in contexts where something does not meet expectations or targets. For example: the arrow missed the target「矢が的を外れた」(やがまとをはずれた). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when plans or predictions do not go as expected. For example: the weather forecast was wrong「天気予報が外れた」(てんきよほうがはずれた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4034

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Misunderstanding

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 誤Mistake

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '誤解 (ごかい)' means 'misunderstanding'. It refers to a situation where someone interprets something incorrectly or fails to grasp the true meaning of a statement, action, or situation. This word is often used in contexts where clarity or communication is important, and it can describe both minor and significant misunderstandings. For example: There was a misunderstanding between us「私たちの間に誤解があった」(わたしたちのあいだにごかいがあった). Please don't misunderstand me「私を誤解しないでください」(わたしをごかいしないでください). The word can also be used in formal or informal settings, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4035

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ずるい' (zurui) means 'sly' or 'cunning'. It is used to describe someone who is clever in a dishonest or deceitful way, often to gain an advantage. This word can also imply unfairness or trickery. For example: That person is sly「あの人はずるい」(あのひとはずるい). He played a sly trick on me「彼はずるい手を使った」(かれはずるいてをつかった). The adjective can also be used in a playful or teasing manner among friends, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4036

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Farmer, Farmhouse

Reading

Kanji

家House 農Agriculture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '農家 (のうか)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a person who engages in farming, commonly known as a 'farmer'. The second meaning refers to a 'farmhouse', which is the residence of a farming family. For example: My grandfather is a farmer「私の祖父は農家です」(わたしのそふはのうかです). We visited a traditional farmhouse「私たちは伝統的な農家を訪れました」(わたしたちはでんとうてきなのうかをおとずれました). The context usually makes it clear whether the term refers to a person or a place.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4037

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order

Reading

Kanji

令Orders

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '令 (れい)' is used to denote an order, command, or decree. It is often found in formal or official contexts, such as in government or legal documents. For example: a government order「政府の命令」(せいふのめいれい). It can also be used in compound words to indicate something that is ordered or commanded, such as '法令 (ほうれい)' meaning 'laws and ordinances'. Note that '令' is not commonly used as a standalone word but rather as part of compound words or in specific formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4038

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tidying

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 片Fragment, One sided 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '後片付け (あとかたづけ)' refers to the act of tidying up or cleaning up after an event, activity, or meal. It is commonly used in contexts where one needs to restore order or cleanliness after something has been used or done. For example: Please help with the tidying up after the party「パーティーの後片付けを手伝ってください」(パーティーのあとかたづけをてつだってください). She is good at tidying up after cooking「彼女は料理の後片付けが上手です」(かのじょはりょうりのあとかたづけがじょうずです). This word emphasizes the action of restoring order, often after a specific event or activity.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4039

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attach

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'くっ付ける (くっつける)' means 'to attach' or 'to stick something to something else'. It is often used when describing the action of physically joining two objects together, such as with glue, tape, or other adhesives. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe the act of bringing people or ideas together. For example: I attached the paper to the wall「紙を壁にくっ付けた」(かみをかべにくっつけた). Let's stick these two pieces together「この二つをくっ付けよう」(このふたつをくっつけよう). The teacher tried to bring the students together「先生は生徒たちをくっ付けようとした」(せんせいはせいとたちをくっつけようとした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4040

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impatient

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun 'せっかち' describes someone who is impatient or always in a hurry. It is often used to characterize a person who acts hastily or cannot wait calmly. For example: He is so impatient「彼はとてもせっかちだ」(かれはとてもせっかちだ). Being impatient won't help「せっかちになっても仕方がない」(せっかちになってもしかたがない). This word carries a slightly negative nuance, implying that the person's impatience might lead to mistakes or poor decisions.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Frequency

4041

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

No

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'いいえ (いいえ)' is a polite way to say 'no'. It is commonly used in formal or polite situations to negate a statement or question. For example: No, that's not correct「いいえ、それは違います」(いいえ、それはちがいます). No, I don't need help「いいえ、助けはいりません」(いいえ、たすけはいりません). It is important to note that 'いいえ' is more formal than the casual 'いや' or 'ううん', which are also used to mean 'no' but in less formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

4042

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Few

Reading

Kanji

三Three 二Two

Explanation

The Japanese noun '二三 (にさん)' is a literary or formal term meaning 'a few' or 'several'. It is often used in written language or formal speech to indicate a small, indefinite number of things. For example: I have a few books「二三の本を持っています」(にさんのほんをもっています). There are a few people in the room「部屋に二三の人がいます」(へやににさんのひとがいます). This word is less common in casual conversation, where 'いくつか (いくつか)' or '少し (すこし)' might be used instead.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4043

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Play

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'プレー (ぷれー)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'play'. It is commonly used in the context of sports or games to refer to an action, move, or performance during the activity. For example: That was a great play!「それはすごいプレーだった！」(それはすごいぷれーだった！). His play in the match was impressive「彼の試合でのプレーは印象的だった」(かれのしあいでのぷれーはいんしょうてきだった). This word is often used in sports commentary or casual conversations about games and competitions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4044

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrust

Reading

Kanji

言Say 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '言付ける (ことづける)' means 'to entrust' or 'to ask someone to deliver a message or item on your behalf. It is often used when you cannot personally deliver something and rely on another person to do so. For example: I entrusted him with a message「彼にメッセージを言付けた」(かれにメッセージをことづけた). She asked me to deliver this letter「彼女はこの手紙を言付けた」(かのじょはこのてがみをことづけた). This verb is commonly used in situations involving communication or delivery, emphasizing reliance on another person.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4045

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Affiliation

Reading

Kanji

属Belong 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '所属 (しょぞく)' refers to the state of belonging to or being affiliated with a group, organization, or institution. It is commonly used in contexts such as workplaces, schools, clubs, or any formal group. For example: He has an affiliation with a famous university「彼は有名な大学に所属している」(かれはゆうめいなだいがくにしょぞくしている). She belongs to the marketing department「彼女はマーケティング部門に所属している」(かのじょはマーケティングぶもんにしょぞくしている). The word emphasizes the formal or official nature of the relationship between the individual and the group.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4046

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finance ministry

Reading

Kanji

大Big 省Ministry, Conserve 蔵Storehouse

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大蔵省 (おおくらしょう)' refers to the 'Ministry of Finance', which was a key government body in Japan responsible for financial and monetary policy, as well as managing the national budget. It was replaced by the Ministry of Finance and the Financial Services Agency in 2001. This term is often used in historical or formal contexts. Example sentences: The Ministry of Finance announced a new policy「大蔵省は新しい政策を発表した」(おおくらしょうはあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした). He works at the Ministry of Finance「彼は大蔵省で働いている」(かれはおおくらしょうではたらいている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4047

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Corporate bonds

Reading

Kanji

債Debt 社Company

Explanation

The Japanese noun '社債 (しゃさい)' refers to 'corporate bonds', which are debt securities issued by corporations to raise capital. Investors who purchase these bonds lend money to the company in exchange for periodic interest payments and the return of the principal amount at maturity. This term is commonly used in financial and business contexts. For example: The company issued corporate bonds「その会社は社債を発行した」(そのかいしゃはしゃさいをはっこうした). Investing in corporate bonds can be profitable「社債への投資は利益をもたらすことがある」(しゃさいへのとうしはりえきをもたらすことがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4048

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shop

Reading

Kanji

商Trade, Deal 店Shop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '商店 (しょうてん)' refers to a 'shop' or 'store', typically a small to medium-sized retail establishment. It is commonly used to describe local businesses or family-run shops that sell goods directly to consumers. The term often carries a sense of community and tradition, as many 商店 are long-standing businesses in neighborhoods. Example sentences: There is a small shop near my house「私の家の近くに商店があります」(わたしのいえのちかくにしょうてんがあります). The shop sells fresh vegetables「その商店は新鮮な野菜を売っています」(そのしょうてんはしんせんなやさいをうっています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4049

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fuss

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'こだわる (kodawaru)' means 'to fuss' or 'to be particular about something'. It is often used to describe someone who pays excessive attention to details or insists on specific standards. This verb can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on whether the attention to detail is seen as a strength or a flaw. For example: he fusses over small details「彼は細かいことにこだわる」(かれはこまかいことにこだわる). She is particular about the quality of her work「彼女は仕事の質にこだわる」(かのじょはしごとのしつにこだわる). The verb can also imply a sense of stubbornness or inflexibility when someone refuses to compromise on their preferences.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

4050

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreign affairs

Reading

Kanji

省Ministry, Conserve 務Duty, Task 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外務省 (がいむしょう)' refers to the 'Ministry of Foreign Affairs'. This is the government department responsible for handling Japan's international relations, diplomacy, and foreign policy. It is often used in formal or official contexts. For example: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced the new policy「外務省は新しい政策を発表した」(がいむしょうはあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした). He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs「彼は外務省で働いている」(かれはがいむしょうではたらいている). The term is specific to Japan's governmental structure and is not used to describe foreign affairs ministries in other countries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4051

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Omission

Reading

Kanji

省Ministry, Conserve 略Abbreviation, Strategy

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '省略 (しょうりゃく)' means 'omission'. It refers to the act of leaving out or skipping over parts of something, such as words in a sentence, steps in a process, or details in a story. This term is often used in contexts where brevity or efficiency is desired. For example: Please omit the unnecessary details「不要な詳細は省略してください」(ふようなしさいはしょうりゃくしてください). The speaker omitted the introduction「スピーカーは導入部を省略した」(すぴーかーはどうにゅうぶをしょうりゃくした). It's important to note that '省略' can be used both in formal and informal contexts, and it often implies that the omitted parts are understood or can be inferred.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4052

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collateral

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 担Bear, Carry

Explanation

The Japanese noun '担保 (たんぽ)' refers to 'collateral', which is something pledged as security for repayment of a loan. It is commonly used in financial and legal contexts. For example: The bank requires collateral for the loan「銀行はローンに担保を要求する」(ぎんこうはローンにたんぽをようきゅうする). He used his house as collateral「彼は家を担保にした」(かれはいえをたんぽにした). The term is often associated with loans, mortgages, and financial agreements where an asset is used to secure a debt.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4053

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seven thousand

Reading

Kanji

七Seven 千Thousand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '七千 (ななせん)' means 'seven thousand'. It is a numerical term used to denote the quantity of 7,000. This word is commonly used in contexts involving counting, measurements, or quantities. For example: The population is seven thousand「人口は七千です」(じんこうはななせんです). The price is seven thousand yen「値段は七千円です」(ねだんはななせんえんです). Note that '七千' is a specific number and is used in formal or written contexts more often than in casual speech.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4054

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addressed

Reading

Kanji

宛Address

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '宛て (あて)' is used to indicate that something is addressed or directed to someone or something. It is commonly attached to names, titles, or pronouns to specify the recipient. For example: a letter addressed to Tanaka「田中さん宛ての手紙」(たなかさんあてのてがみ). This suffix is often used in formal or written contexts, such as letters, emails, or packages. It can also imply a sense of direction or purpose, as in 'this gift is for you'「このプレゼントはあなた宛てです」(このプレゼントはあなたあてです). Note that '宛て' is typically written in hiragana in modern usage, though it can occasionally appear in kanji as '宛'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4055

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Book

Reading

Kanji

帳Notebook

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '帳 (ちょう)' is commonly used to denote a type of book or notebook, often used for recording or keeping track of information. It is attached to nouns to specify the kind of book, such as a notebook for notes, a ledger, or a registry. For example: a notebook「ノート帳」(ノートちょう), an address book「住所帳」(じゅうしょちょう). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to refer to different types of books or records, emphasizing its role in organization and documentation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4056

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fan

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'うちわ (uchiwa)' refers to a traditional Japanese hand fan. Unlike folding fans, uchiwa are typically made of a single piece of paper or fabric stretched over a flat, rigid frame, often bamboo. They are used to create a breeze and cool oneself, especially during hot summer months. Uchiwa are also commonly given as promotional items at festivals or events, often featuring advertisements or designs. Example sentences: She is fanning herself with a uchiwa「彼女はうちわで扇いでいる」(かのじょはうちわであおいでいる). I received a uchiwa at the festival「祭りでうちわをもらった」(まつりでうちわをもらった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4057

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commemoration

Reading

Kanji

記Record 念Thought

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記念 (きねん)' means 'commemoration'. It refers to the act of remembering or celebrating a significant event, person, or achievement. This word is often used in contexts like ceremonies, events, or objects created to honor a memory. For example: This monument is a commemoration of peace「この記念碑は平和の記念です」(このきねんひはへいわのきねんです). We held a commemoration ceremony「記念式典を行いました」(きねんしきてんをおこないました). It can also be used in compound words like '記念日 (きねんび)' (anniversary) or '記念品 (きねんひん)' (souvenir).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4058

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deadline

Reading

Kanji

期Time, Period 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '期限 (きげん)' refers to a 'deadline' or 'time limit'. It is commonly used in contexts where a specific period or date is set for the completion of a task, submission of documents, or expiration of something. For example: The deadline for the report is tomorrow「レポートの期限は明日です」(レポートのきげんはあしたです). The expiration date of this product is next month「この商品の期限は来月です」(このしょうひんのきげんはらいげつです). This word is often used in formal or professional settings, such as work, school, or legal matters.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4059

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Executive

Reading

Kanji

役Duty 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '役員 (やくいん)' refers to an 'executive' or a 'board member' in a company or organization. It is commonly used to describe individuals who hold high-ranking positions, such as directors, officers, or managers, responsible for making important decisions. For example: He is an executive of the company「彼は会社の役員です」(かれはかいしゃのやくいんです). The board members held a meeting「役員たちは会議を開きました」(やくいんたちはかいぎをひらきました). This term is often used in formal or business contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4060

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prepare, Assume

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese verb '構える (かまえる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to prepare' or 'to set up,' often used in contexts where someone is getting ready for something, such as preparing a stance or setting up equipment. For example: He prepared his camera「彼はカメラを構えた」(かれはカメラをかまえた). The second meaning is 'to assume' or 'to adopt,' often used when someone takes on a particular attitude or posture. For example: She assumed a defensive stance「彼女は防御の姿勢を構えた」(かのじょはぼうぎょのしせいをかまえた). This verb is versatile and can be used in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4061

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cream

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'クリーム (kuriimu)' refers to 'cream'. This word is commonly used to describe dairy cream, skincare creams, or any substance with a creamy texture. It is a loanword from English, reflecting its modern usage in Japan. For example: I put cream in my coffee「コーヒーにクリームを入れた」(コーヒーにクリームをいれた). She uses face cream every night「彼女は毎晩フェイスクリームを使う」(かのじょはまいばんフェイスクリームをつかう). The word can also refer to dessert toppings or fillings, such as in 'クリームパン (kuriimu pan)', which means 'cream-filled bread'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4062

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Short

Reading

Kanji

短Short

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '短 (たん)' means 'short'. It is commonly used in compound words to indicate something of short duration, length, or brevity. For example: short-term「短期」(たんき). short story「短編」(たんぺん). It can also be used in contexts like short hair「短髪」(たんぱつ). This prefix is versatile and often paired with other kanji to form words related to time, physical length, or abstract concepts of brevity.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4063

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nara

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ナラ' refers to 'Nara', a city in Japan known for its historical significance and cultural heritage. Nara was the capital of Japan from 710 to 784 and is home to many ancient temples, shrines, and the famous Nara Park, where deer roam freely. Example sentences: I visited Nara last year「去年、ナラを訪れました」(きょねん、ナラをおとずれました). Nara is famous for its deer「ナラは鹿で有名です」(ナラはしかでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

4064

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

In order

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '順々に (じゅんじゅんに)' means 'in order' or 'one after another.' It is used to describe things happening in a sequential or orderly manner, often implying a logical progression. For example: Please read the pages in order 「ページを順々に読んでください」 (ページをじゅんじゅんによんでください). The students entered the classroom one after another 「生徒たちは順々に教室に入った」 (せいとたちはじゅんじゅんにきょうしつにはいった). This adverb can also be used to describe events or actions occurring in a particular sequence, such as '順々に説明する (じゅんじゅんにせつめいする)', meaning 'to explain step by step.'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4065

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Carelessly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'うっかり (ukkari)' means 'carelessly' or 'inadvertently'. It is used to describe actions done without proper attention or thought, often leading to unintended mistakes or oversights. This word carries a nuance of absent-mindedness or a momentary lapse in focus. For example: I carelessly forgot my wallet「うっかり財布を忘れた」(うっかりさいふをわすれた). He inadvertently revealed the secret「うっかり秘密を漏らした」(うっかりひみつをもらした). The adverb is often used in situations where the speaker regrets their lack of attention.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4066

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order, Sequence

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey 序Beginning, Preface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '順序 (じゅんじょ)' refers to the arrangement or sequence of things, events, or steps. It emphasizes the logical or proper arrangement of elements. For example: Please follow the correct order「正しい順序に従ってください」(ただしいじゅんじょにしたがってください). The sequence of events is important「出来事の順序が重要です」(できごとのじゅんじょがじゅうようです). This word is often used in contexts like instructions, processes, or storytelling to describe the proper or logical flow of actions or events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4067

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Terrorism

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'テロ (tero)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'terror' and is used to refer to acts of terrorism. It is commonly used in news reports, discussions about global events, and political contexts. For example: The government is taking measures against terrorism「政府はテロに対する対策を取っている」(せいふはてろにたいするたいさくをとっている). The city was shaken by a terrorist attack「その都市はテロ攻撃に動揺した」(そのとしはてろこうげきにどうようした). The word 'テロ' is often used in compound terms like 'テロリスト (terrorist)' or 'テロ行為 (terrorist act)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4068

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Imitation

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 似Resemble

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真似 (まね)' means 'imitation' or 'mimicry'. It refers to the act of copying or replicating someone's actions, behavior, or style. This word is often used in contexts where someone is mimicking another person, either for fun, learning, or mockery. For example: children often imitate adults「子供はよく大人の真似をする」(こどもはよくおとなのまねをする). He is good at imitating famous people「彼は有名人の真似が上手い」(かれはゆうめいじんのまねがうまい). The word can also be used in a negative sense, such as when someone is copying another's work or ideas without originality.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4069

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chiba

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'チバ (ちば)' refers to 'Chiba', a prefecture located in the Kanto region of Japan, east of Tokyo. It is known for its Narita International Airport, Tokyo Disney Resort, and its proximity to Tokyo. The name 'Chiba' can also refer to the capital city of Chiba Prefecture. Example sentences: I visited Chiba last weekend「先週末、チバを訪れました」(せんしゅうまつ、ちばをおとずれました). Chiba is famous for its beaches「チバはビーチで有名です」(ちばはビーチでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

4070

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overlap, Pileup

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese verb '重なる (かさなる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'overlap', which refers to things lying on top of each other or occurring simultaneously. For example: The two events overlap「二つのイベントが重なる」(ふたつのイベントがかさなる). The second meaning is 'pileup', which refers to multiple things accumulating or stacking up, often in a literal or figurative sense. For example: Problems keep piling up「問題が重なる」(もんだいがかさなる). This verb is commonly used in both physical and abstract contexts, such as describing overlapping schedules, stacked objects, or accumulated issues.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4071

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reverse, Opposite

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '逆 (ぎゃく)' primarily means 'reverse' or 'opposite'. It is used to describe something that is contrary to the expected or usual direction, order, or condition. This word can be applied in various contexts, such as physical directions, logical sequences, or even abstract concepts. For example: the reverse side of the paper「紙の逆」(かみのぎゃく). He did the opposite of what I told him「彼は私が言ったことの逆をした」(かれはわたしがいったことのぎゃくをした). It's important to note that '逆' can also be used in compound words to express reversal or opposition, such as '逆転 (ぎゃくてん)' meaning 'reversal' or 'turnaround'.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4072

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defy

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese verb '逆らう (さからう)' means 'to defy' or 'to go against'. It is used to describe an action that opposes or resists something, such as authority, rules, or expectations. This verb often carries a nuance of rebellion or disobedience. For example: he defied his parents' wishes「彼は親の希望に逆らった」(かれはおやのきぼうにさからった). It is dangerous to defy nature「自然に逆らうのは危険だ」(しぜんにさからうのはきけんだ). The verb can also be used in a more neutral sense, such as going against the flow or direction, but it typically implies some form of resistance.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4073

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Upside down

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '逆さ (さかさ)' means 'upside down'. It is used to describe something that is inverted or in a reversed position. This term can be applied to physical objects, situations, or even abstract concepts. For example: the picture is upside down「その絵は逆さだ」(そのえはさかさだ). He hung the flag upside down「彼は旗を逆さに掛けた」(かれははたをさかさにかけた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that are contrary to what is expected or normal.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4074

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Upside down

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '逆さま (さかさま)' means 'upside down'. It describes something that is in a position where the top is at the bottom and the bottom is at the top. This word is often used to describe physical objects, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or states of being. For example: The picture is upside down「その絵は逆さまです」(そのえはさかさまです). He hung the map upside down「彼は地図を逆さまに掛けた」(かれはちずをさかさまにかけた). It's important to note that '逆さま' can also imply a sense of disorder or confusion, as in 'Everything is upside down in this house'「この家の中はすべて逆さまです」(このいえのなかはすべてさかさまです).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4075

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transparent

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 透Pass through, Transparent

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '透明 (とうめい)' means 'transparent'. It is used to describe something that allows light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is clear or easily understood. For example: The glass is transparent「ガラスは透明だ」(ガラスはとうめいだ). Her intentions were transparent「彼女の意図は透明だった」(かのじょのいとはとうめいだった). This word is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in describing clarity and visibility.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4076

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

First half

Reading

Kanji

半Half 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前半 (ぜんはん)' refers to the 'first half' of something, such as a period of time, a game, or a book. It is commonly used to divide events, matches, or time periods into two parts. For example: The first half of the game was exciting「前半の試合は興奮した」(ぜんはんのしあいはこうふんした). I finished the first half of the book「本の前半を読み終えた」(ほんのぜんはんをよみおえた). This term is often used in contexts like sports, academic semesters, or performances to describe the initial portion of an event or period.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4077

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Riddle, Mystery

Reading

Kanji

謎Riddle

Explanation

The Japanese noun '謎 (なぞ)' can mean either 'riddle' or 'mystery', depending on the context. When used to mean 'riddle', it refers to a question or statement intentionally phrased to require ingenuity in finding its answer or meaning. For example: solving a riddle「謎を解く」(なぞをとく). When used to mean 'mystery', it refers to something that is difficult or impossible to understand or explain. For example: the mystery of the universe「宇宙の謎」(うちゅうのなぞ). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something puzzling or enigmatic in everyday situations. For example: her behavior is a mystery「彼女の行動は謎だ」(かのじょのこうどうはなぞだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4078

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Certain

Reading

Kanji

某A certain

Explanation

The Japanese noun '某 (ぼう)' is used to refer to a certain or unspecified person, place, or thing. It is often used when the speaker does not want to or cannot specify the exact identity of the subject. For example: a certain person came to visit「某が訪ねてきた」(ぼうがたずねてきた). I heard it from a certain source「某から聞いた」(ぼうからきいた). The word is somewhat formal and is commonly used in written language or formal speech. It can also be used to anonymize or generalize a subject in a narrative or report.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4079

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leader

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'リーダー (riidaa)' means 'leader'. It is a loanword from English, and it is used to refer to someone who leads or guides a group, team, or organization. This term is commonly used in both professional and casual contexts. For example: he is the leader of the team「彼はチームのリーダーです」(かれはチームのリーダーです). She became the leader of the project「彼女はプロジェクトのリーダーになりました」(かのじょはプロジェクトのリーダーになりました). The word can also refer to a person who is influential or a role model in a specific field.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4080

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line, Matrix

Reading

Kanji

行Go 列File

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '行列 (ぎょうれつ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to a 'line' or 'queue' of people waiting for something, such as at a store or event. For example: there was a long line at the bakery「パン屋に長い行列があった」(ぱんやにながいぎょうれつがあった). The second meaning refers to a 'matrix' in mathematics, which is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions arranged in rows and columns. For example: this matrix is difficult to solve「この行列は解くのが難しい」(このぎょうれつはとくのがむずかしい). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended, as the first is more common in everyday situations, while the second is used in academic or technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4081

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Formation, Alignment

Reading

Kanji

列File 整Organize

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '整列 (せいれつ)' refers to the act of arranging or organizing things or people in a straight line or orderly manner. It is often used in contexts such as military formations, queues, or organizing objects. For example: The soldiers stood in perfect alignment「兵士たちは完璧に整列していた」(へいしたちはかんぺきにせいれつしていた). Please form a line「整列してください」(せいれつしてください). The books were neatly arranged on the shelf「本は棚に整列していた」(ほんはたなにせいれつしていた). The second meaning, 'formation', is used when referring to the arrangement of people or objects in a specific pattern or structure, such as in military or sports contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4082

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Worthless

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'くだらない (kudaranai)' means 'worthless' or 'trivial'. It is used to describe something that lacks value, importance, or significance. This word often carries a dismissive or negative connotation, implying that the subject is not worth attention or effort. For example: That's a worthless story「それはくだらない話だ」(それはくだらないはなしだ). Don't waste time on trivial things「くだらないことに時間を無駄にするな」(くだらないことにじかんをむだにするな). The word can also be used to express frustration or annoyance with something perceived as pointless.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4083

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 例Example

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実例 (じつれい)' means 'example' or 'instance'. It refers to a concrete or actual case that illustrates a point or serves as evidence. This word is often used in formal or academic contexts to provide proof or to demonstrate a concept. For example: Here is an example of a successful project「ここに成功したプロジェクトの実例があります」(ここにせいこうしたプロジェクトのじつれいがあります). This is a real-life example of the theory「これはその理論の実例です」(これはそのりろんのじつれいです). The word emphasizes the factual or tangible nature of the example being presented.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4084

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reduction

Reading

Kanji

減Decrease 削Plane, Cut by chipping

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '削減 (さくげん)' means 'reduction'. It refers to the act of decreasing or cutting down something, such as costs, expenses, or quantities. This term is often used in formal or business contexts. For example: The company plans to reduce costs「会社はコスト削減を計画している」(かいしゃはコストさくげんをけいかくしている). The government aims to reduce carbon emissions「政府は炭素排出量の削減を目指している」(せいふはたんそはいしゅつりょうのさくげんをめざしている). Note that '削減' is typically used with nouns to indicate what is being reduced, as in 'コスト削減 (cost reduction)' or '人員削減 (staff reduction)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4085

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deletion

Reading

Kanji

削Plane, Cut by chipping 除Exclude, Remove

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '削除 (さくじょ)' means 'deletion'. It refers to the act of removing or erasing something, such as data, text, or files. This term is commonly used in contexts involving computers, documents, or records. For example: Please delete this file「このファイルを削除してください」(このファイルをさくじょしてください). The unnecessary data was deleted「不要なデータが削除された」(ふようなデータがさくじょされた). It is important to note that '削除' is often used in formal or technical settings, and it implies a permanent removal rather than temporary hiding or archiving.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4086

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

High level

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '高等 (こうとう)' means 'high-level' or 'advanced'. It is often used to describe something of a higher grade, rank, or complexity. For example, it is commonly used in educational contexts to refer to advanced studies or institutions, such as high schools or higher education. Example sentences: This is a high-level course「これは高等なコースです」(これはこうとうなコースです). He attends a high-level school「彼は高等な学校に通っています」(かれはこうとうながっこうにかよっています). The term can also be used in other contexts to describe advanced or sophisticated things, such as technology or skills.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4087

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serious

Reading

Kanji

刻Engrave 深Deep

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '深刻 (しんこく)' means 'serious'. It is used to describe situations, problems, or emotions that are grave, severe, or deeply concerning. This word often conveys a sense of urgency or importance. For example: The situation is serious「状況は深刻だ」(じょうきょうはしんこくだ). He has a serious expression「彼は深刻な表情をしている」(かれはしんこくなひょうじょうをしている). The problem is becoming more serious「問題は深刻化している」(もんだいはしんこくかしている). Note that '深刻' is often used in contexts involving societal issues, personal dilemmas, or critical circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4088

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Market price

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相場 (そうば)' refers to the market price or current rate of something, often used in the context of stocks, commodities, or currency exchange. It can also imply the general consensus or going rate for something in a more abstract sense. For example: The market price of gold is high today「今日の金の相場は高い」(きょうのきんのそうばはたかい). What's the going rate for part-time jobs these days?「最近のアルバイトの相場はいくらですか？」(さいきんのアルバイトのそうばはいくらですか？). This term is commonly used in financial and economic discussions but can also apply to everyday situations where a standard rate or price is discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4089

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clan, Family

Reading

Kanji

族Family 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一族 (いちぞく)' refers to a family or clan, often implying a group of people related by blood or marriage, and sometimes extending to include a larger group with shared ancestry or lineage. It is commonly used to describe a family unit or a clan with historical or social significance. For example: The family gathered for the festival「一族が祭りのために集まった」(いちぞくがまつりのためにあつまった). The clan has a long history「その一族は長い歴史を持っている」(そのいちぞくはながいれきしをもっている). The term can also be used in a more formal or historical context to describe noble families or influential clans.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4090

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Orient

Reading

Kanji

東East 洋Ocean, Western style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '東洋 (とうよう)' refers to the 'Orient' or 'East Asia', encompassing countries such as Japan, China, and Korea. This term is often used in contrast to '西洋 (せいよう)', which means 'the West' or 'Western countries'. It is commonly used in historical, cultural, and geographical contexts. For example: The culture of the Orient is fascinating「東洋の文化は魅力的だ」(とうようのぶんかはみりょくてきだ). He studies Oriental history「彼は東洋の歴史を研究している」(かれはとうようのれきしをけんきゅうしている). Note that while '東洋' is a neutral term, its usage can sometimes carry historical or cultural connotations depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4091

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Technique

Reading

Kanji

技Skill

Explanation

The Japanese noun '技 (わざ)' refers to a 'technique' or 'skill'. It is commonly used to describe a specific method or way of doing something, often in contexts like martial arts, sports, or crafts. For example: His technique is amazing「彼の技はすごい」(かれのわざはすごい). I want to learn new techniques「新しい技を学びたい」(あたらしいわざをまなびたい). The word can also imply a level of mastery or artistry in performing the technique. It is often used in compound words, such as '必殺技 (ひっさつわざ)' (a special or finishing move).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4092

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dirty

Reading

Kanji

汚Dirty, Dishonor

Explanation

The Japanese verb '汚れる (よごれる)' means 'to become dirty' or 'to get dirty'. It is an intransitive verb, meaning it describes a state or change of state without requiring a direct object. This verb is commonly used to describe things like clothes, surfaces, or even reputations becoming dirty or tarnished. For example: my shirt got dirty「私のシャツが汚れた」(わたしのシャツがよごれた). The floor became dirty after the party「パーティーの後で床が汚れた」(パーティーのあとでゆかがよごれた). Note that the transitive counterpart, '汚す (よごす)', means 'to make something dirty' and requires a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4093

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shameless

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ずうずうしい (ずうずうしい)' means 'shameless' or 'impudent'. It is used to describe someone who acts without regard for social norms, manners, or the feelings of others, often in a bold or brazen way. This word carries a negative connotation and is typically used to criticize someone's behavior. For example: He is shameless to ask for more money「彼はもっとお金を要求するなんてずうずうしい」(かれはもっとおかねをようきゅうするなんてずうずうしい). It's shameless to cut in line「列に割り込むなんてずうずうしい」(れつにわりこむなんてずうずうしい). The word can also imply a lack of self-awareness or tact.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4094

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deadline

Reading

Kanji

締Tighten, Bind 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese noun '締め切り (しめきり)' refers to a 'deadline'. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate the final date or time by which something must be completed or submitted. For example: The deadline is tomorrow「締め切りは明日です」(しめきりはあしたです). I missed the deadline「締め切りに間に合わなかった」(しめきりにまにあわなかった). This word is often used in academic, professional, and personal settings to emphasize the importance of completing tasks on time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4095

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close

Reading

Kanji

締Tighten, Bind 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '締め切る (しめきる)' means 'to close' in the sense of closing an application period, deadline, or entry. It is commonly used in contexts where something is being finalized or concluded, such as closing entries for a contest, applications for a job, or submissions for a project. For example: The application deadline has closed「応募は締め切られました」(おうぼはしめきられました). We will close the entries tomorrow「明日エントリーを締め切ります」(あしたえんとりーをしめきります). This verb is often used in formal or administrative settings and implies a definitive end to a process or opportunity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4096

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Talent

Reading

Kanji

能Ability 才Talent, Age (counter)

Explanation

The Japanese noun '才能 (さいのう)' refers to a natural ability or talent that someone possesses. It is often used to describe innate skills or aptitudes in various fields such as arts, sports, or academics. For example: She has a talent for painting「彼女は絵を描く才能がある」(かのじょはえをかくさいのうがある). His talent in music is remarkable「彼の音楽の才能は素晴らしい」(かれのおんがくのさいのうはすばらしい). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe potential or capability in a particular area.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4097

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Truth

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真理 (しんり)' means 'truth'. It refers to a fundamental or universal principle, often used in philosophical, scientific, or religious contexts. This word is more abstract and profound than the simpler term '真実 (しんじつ)', which refers to factual truth. Example sentences: The pursuit of truth is important「真理を追求することは大切だ」(しんりをついきゅうすることはたいせつだ). He discovered the truth of the universe「彼は宇宙の真理を発見した」(かれはうちゅうのしんりをはっけんした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4098

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prewar

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戦前 (せんぜん)' refers to the period before a war, specifically the time before World War II in Japan. It is often used in historical contexts to describe events, policies, or societal conditions that existed prior to the war. For example: Life in Japan before the war was different「戦前の日本での生活は違っていた」(せんぜんのにほんでのせいかつはちがっていた). Prewar architecture is still preserved in some areas「戦前の建築はまだいくつかの地域で保存されている」(せんぜんのけんちくはまだいくつかのちいきでほぞんされている). The term is commonly used in discussions about history, culture, and politics.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4099

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ナンバー (nanbaa)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'number'. It is commonly used in contexts related to identification, ranking, or labeling. For example: What is your phone number?「あなたの電話番号はナンバーは何ですか？」(あなたのでんわばんごうはナンバーはなんですか？). He is number one in the class「彼はクラスのナンバーワンです」(かれはクラスのナンバーワンです). The word can also be used in sports or competitions to refer to a player's jersey number or ranking. Note that 'ナンバー' is often written in katakana due to its foreign origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4100

Composition

katakana

Handwriting