言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Temple

Reading

Kanji

寺Temple

Explanation

The Japanese noun '寺 (てら)' refers to a Buddhist temple, a place of worship and religious practice in Buddhism. It is distinct from Shinto shrines, which are called '神社 (じんじゃ)'. Temples often house statues of Buddha, serve as centers for meditation, and host various religious ceremonies. For example: I visited a temple「寺を訪れました」(てらをおとずれました). There is an old temple in Kyoto「京都に古い寺があります」(きょうとにふるいてらがあります). The word is commonly used in contexts related to religion, history, and tourism.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

401

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Culture

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文化 (ぶんか)' means 'culture'. It refers to the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group. This term is often used in discussions about traditions, societal norms, and the arts. For example: Japanese culture is fascinating「日本の文化は魅力的です」(にほんのぶんかはみりょくてきです). We should respect other cultures「他の文化を尊重すべきです」(ほかのぶんかをそんちょうすべきです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '文化交流 (ぶんかこうりゅう)' meaning 'cultural exchange'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

402

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dollar

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ドル (どる)' refers to the currency unit 'dollar'. It is commonly used to denote currencies such as the US dollar (USD) or other dollar-based currencies. For example: I exchanged yen for dollars「円をドルに交換しました」(えんをどるにこうかんしました). The price is 10 dollars「値段は10ドルです」(ねだんはじゅうどるです). This word is often used in financial contexts, travel, or when discussing international trade.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

403

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Easy

Reading

Kanji

易Easy

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '易い (やすい)' is attached to the stem of verbs to indicate that something is easy to do. It conveys the idea that the action described by the verb is simple or effortless. For example: This book is easy to read「この本は読み易い」(このほんはよみやすい). This problem is easy to solve「この問題は解き易い」(このもんだいはときやすい). Note that '易い' is often written in hiragana as 'やすい' when used as a suffix. It is important to distinguish this from the adjective '安い (やすい)', which means 'cheap'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

404

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Machine

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '機 (き)' is used to denote a machine or device. It is commonly attached to nouns to specify a type of machine or tool. For example: washing machine「洗濯機」(せんたくき), airplane「飛行機」(ひこうき), and computer「計算機」(けいさんき). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to refer to mechanical or electronic devices. It is important to note that '機' can also appear in compound words where it might not be immediately recognizable as a suffix, but still carries the meaning related to machinery or devices.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

405

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Night

Reading

Kanji

夜Night

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夜 (よる)' means 'night'. It refers to the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise. This word is commonly used in various contexts to describe nighttime activities, events, or states. For example: I read a book at night「夜に本を読みます」(よるにほんをよみます). The stars are beautiful at night「夜は星がきれいです」(よるはほしがきれいです). '夜' can also be used in compound words, such as '夜中 (よなか)' meaning 'midnight' or '夜道 (よみち)' meaning 'night road'. It is important to note that '夜' is often used in contrast to '昼 (ひる)' meaning 'daytime'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

406

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quite

Reading

Kanji

成Become 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '可成 (かなり)' means 'quite' or 'fairly'. It is used to indicate a significant degree or extent of something, often implying that the degree is more than expected but not extreme. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: It's quite cold today「今日は可成寒い」(きょうはかなりさむい). She is quite skilled「彼女は可成上手だ」(かのじょはかなりじょうずだ). Note that '可成' is often written in hiragana as 'かなり' in modern usage, and it can modify adjectives, verbs, or nouns to express a moderate but noticeable level.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

407

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

System

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '制度 (せいど)' refers to a 'system' or 'institution'. It is used to describe established systems, rules, or frameworks that govern a particular area, such as social, legal, or organizational systems. For example: the education system「教育制度」(きょういくせいど). The company introduced a new system「会社は新しい制度を導入した」(かいしゃはあたらしいせいどをどうにゅうした). This word is often used in formal or administrative contexts to describe structured and organized systems.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

408

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Part

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '分 (ぶん)' primarily means 'part' or 'portion'. It is used to indicate a segment or division of something, often in the context of time, space, or quantity. For example: I will do my part「私の分をやります」(わたしのぶんをやります). This is your portion「これはあなたの分です」(これはあなたのぶんです). Additionally, '分' can also be used in expressions related to understanding or comprehension, such as '分かる (わかる)' which means 'to understand'. However, in this context, '分' alone refers specifically to a part or portion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

409

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Family

Reading

Kanji

家House 族Family

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家族 (かぞく)' means 'family'. It refers to a group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption, typically living together. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations to talk about one's own family or someone else's family. For example: My family is big「私の家族は大きいです」(わたしのかぞくはおおきいです). His family lives in Tokyo「彼の家族は東京に住んでいます」(かれのかぞくはとうきょうにすんでいます). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as '家族旅行 (かぞくりょこう)' (family trip) or '家族写真 (かぞくしゃしん)' (family photo).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

410

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Admit, Acknowledge

Reading

Kanji

認Recognize, Admit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '認める (みとめる)' primarily means 'to acknowledge' or 'to admit'. It is used when recognizing or accepting the existence, truth, or validity of something. This verb can be applied in various contexts, such as acknowledging a fact, admitting a mistake, or recognizing someone's achievements. For example: He acknowledged his mistake「彼は自分の間違いを認めた」(かれはじぶんのまちがいをみとめた). The company admitted the problem「会社は問題を認めた」(かいしゃはもんだいをみとめた). It's important to note that '認める' can also imply a formal or official recognition, such as in legal or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

411

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meet

Reading

Kanji

会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese verb '会う (あう)' means 'to meet'. It is used when referring to meeting someone, either intentionally or by chance. This verb is commonly used in social contexts and can imply a face-to-face meeting. For example: I met my friend at the station「駅で友達に会った」(えきでともだちにあった). Let's meet tomorrow「明日会いましょう」(あしたあいましょう). It is important to note that '会う' is often used with the particle 'に' to indicate the person being met, as in '友達に会う (ともだちにあう) (to meet a friend)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

412

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Something

Reading

Kanji

何What

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何か (なにか)' means 'something'. It is used to refer to an unspecified or unknown thing, object, or matter. This word is often used when the speaker is unsure or does not need to specify what they are referring to. For example: I want to eat something「何か食べたい」(なにかたべたい). Is there something wrong?「何かおかしいですか？」(なにかおかしいですか？). It can also be used in questions to ask if there is anything specific, as in 'Do you need something?「何か必要ですか？」(なにかひつようですか？)'. The word is versatile and can be used in various contexts, both formal and informal.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

413

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recently

Reading

Kanji

近Near 最Most

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最近 (さいきん)' means 'recently' or 'lately'. It is used to refer to events, situations, or actions that have occurred in the near past. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: I recently moved to Tokyo「最近東京に引っ越しました」(さいきんとうきょうにひっこしました). Have you seen her recently?「最近彼女を見ましたか？」(さいきんかのじょをみましたか？). It can also be used to describe trends or changes that have happened recently, such as '最近の技術 (さいきんのぎじゅつ)' meaning 'recent technology'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Degree

Reading

Kanji

程Order, Extent 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '程度 (ていど)' refers to the extent, degree, or level of something. It is often used to describe the magnitude, intensity, or scope of a situation, condition, or action. For example: to what degree is it damaged?「どの程度壊れていますか？」(どのていどこわれていますか？). The degree of difficulty is high「難易度の程度は高い」(なんいどのていどはたかい). This word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts, such as measuring the severity of an issue, the intensity of an emotion, or the scope of an event. It is commonly used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

415

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last month

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先月 (せんげつ)' means 'last month'. It refers to the month immediately preceding the current one. This word is commonly used in daily conversation and writing to refer to recent past events. For example: I went to Japan last month「先月日本に行きました」(せんげつにほんにいきました). Last month was very busy「先月はとても忙しかった」(せんげつはとてもいそがしかった). Note that'先月'is specifically used to talk about the previous month and should not be confused with other time-related terms such as '先週 (せんしゅう)' which means 'last week' or '去年 (きょねん)' which means 'last year'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

416

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Without

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '無 (む)' means 'without' or 'lack of'. It is commonly attached to nouns to negate their meaning, indicating the absence of something. For example: meaningless「無意味」(むいみ). It can also imply a state of being free from something, such as in '無料 (むりょう)', meaning 'free of charge'. Example sentences: This is a meaningless conversation「これは無意味な会話です」(これはむいみなかいわです). The museum is free of charge today「今日、博物館は無料です」(きょう、はくぶつかんはむりょうです).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

417

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Months

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 箇Item, Counter for articles

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '箇月 (かげつ)' is used to indicate a period of time in months. It is often attached to a number to specify how many months. For example: three months「三箇月」(さんかげつ). This suffix is commonly used in formal or written contexts, such as contracts, schedules, or official documents. It is important to note that '箇月' is more formal than the more commonly used 'ヶ月 (かげつ)', which serves the same purpose but is less formal. Example sentences: The project will take two months「このプロジェクトは二箇月かかります」(このプロジェクトはにかげつかかります). I have been studying Japanese for six months「私は日本語を六箇月勉強しています」(わたしはにほんごをろっかげつべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

418

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Last week

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 週Week

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先週 (せんしゅう)' means 'last week'. It is used to refer to the week immediately before the current one. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about events, activities, or situations that occurred in the previous week. For example: I went to Tokyo last week「先週、東京に行きました」(せんしゅう、とうきょうにいきました). Last week was very busy「先週はとても忙しかった」(せんしゅうはとてもいそがしかった). It is important to note that '先週' is a specific time reference and is not used to describe a general past time frame.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

419

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continue

Reading

Kanji

続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verb '続く (つづく)' means 'to continue' or 'to last'. It is used to describe an ongoing action, state, or sequence without interruption. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as events, time, or physical phenomena. For example: The rain continued for three days「雨が三日間続いた」(あめがみっかかんつづいた). The road continues straight ahead「道はまっすぐ続いている」(みちはまっすぐつづいている). Additionally, '続く' can imply a connection or sequence, as in 'The story continues in the next chapter'「物語は次の章に続く」(ものがたりはつぎのしょうにつづく). It is a versatile verb often used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

420

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Until now

Reading

Kanji

今Now

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '今まで (いままで)' means 'until now' or 'so far'. It is used to refer to the period of time leading up to the present moment. This adverb is often used to describe situations, actions, or states that have persisted or occurred up to the current time. For example: I had never been there until now「今までそこに行ったことがなかった」(いままでそこにいったことがなかった). So far, everything has been fine「今まで、すべて順調だった」(いままで、すべてじゅんちょうだった).It can also be used to express a change in a state or situation, as in the example: Until now, I had never thought about it「今まで、それを考えたことがなかった」(いままで、それをかんがえたことがなかった).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

421

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eight hundred

Reading

Kanji

八Eight 百Hundred

Explanation

The Japanese noun '八百 (はっぴゃく)' means 'eight hundred'. This word is used to denote the number 800 in Japanese. It is a specific numerical term and is often used in contexts involving counting, quantities, or measurements. For example: eight hundred yen「八百円」(はっぴゃくえん). There are eight hundred people「八百人がいます」(はっぴゃくにんがいます). It is important to note that '八百' is a specific numerical term and is not used metaphorically or in abstract contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

422

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next month

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese noun'来月 (らいげつ)' means 'next month'. It is used to refer to the month following the current one. This word is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to discuss events, plans, or appointments that are scheduled for the upcoming month. For example: I will go to Japan next month「来月日本に行きます」(らいげつにほんにいきます).The exam will be held next month「試験は来月行われます」(しけんはらいげつおこなわれます).Note that '来月' is a time expression and is often used with verbs indicating future actions or states.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

423

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Company

Reading

Kanji

社Company

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '社 (しゃ)' is commonly used to denote a company or corporation. It is typically attached to the name of a company, such as in '株式会社 (かぶしきがいしゃ)' which means 'stock company' or 'limited company'. This suffix is widely used in business contexts and is an essential part of many company names. For example: I work for Toyota Motor Corporation「私はトヨタ自動車株式会社で働いています」(わたしはとよたじどうしゃかぶしきがいしゃではたらいています). Sony Corporation is a famous company「ソニー株式会社は有名な会社です」(そにーかぶしきがいしゃはゆうめいなかいしゃです). The suffix '社' can also be used in other contexts to refer to organizations or societies, but its primary usage is in the context of businesses.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

424

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Next week

Reading

Kanji

来Come 週Week

Explanation

The Japanese noun '来週 (らいしゅう)' means 'next week'. It is used to refer to the week immediately following the current one. This term is commonly used in planning, scheduling, and discussing future events. For example: I will go to Tokyo next week「来週東京に行きます」(らいしゅうとうきょうにいきます). The meeting is next week「会議は来週です」(かいぎはらいしゅうです). It is important to note that '来週' is a specific time reference and is often used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

425

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mold, Pattern

Reading

Kanji

型Model, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '型 (かた)' can mean 'pattern' or 'mold'. As 'pattern', it refers to a repeated design or model, often used in contexts like traditional crafts or behavior. For example: This kimono has a beautiful pattern「この着物は美しい型がある」(このきものはうつくしいかたがある). As 'mold', it refers to a hollow container used to give shape to molten or liquid material. For example: The cake was made using a silicone mold「そのケーキはシリコンの型を使って作られた」(そのケーキはシリコンのかたをつかってつくられた). The word can also imply a standard or model to be followed, as in traditional arts or martial arts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

426

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Except

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以外 (いがい)' means 'except' or 'excluding'. It is used to indicate that something or someone is not included in a particular group or category. For example: everyone except me went to the party「私以外みんなパーティーに行った」(わたしいがいみんなパーティーにいった). This store sells everything except books「この店は本以外何でも売っている」(このみせはほんいがいなんでもうっている). It can also be used to express something beyond or outside of a certain scope, as in 'beyond expectations'「期待以外の結果」(きたいいがいのけっか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

427

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Individual

Reading

Kanji

人Person 個Individual

Explanation

The Japanese noun '個人 (こじん)' means 'individual'. It refers to a single person as distinct from a group or society. This term is often used in contexts emphasizing the rights, responsibilities, or characteristics of a single person. For example: respect for the individual「個人の尊重」(こじんのそんちょう). The decision was made by an individual「その決定は個人によってなされた」(そのけっていはこじんによってなされた). It is also commonly used in legal, social, and philosophical discussions to highlight the importance of the individual within a larger context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

428

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Going

Reading

Kanji

行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行き (いき)' means 'going' or 'direction to a destination'. It is often used to indicate the destination or direction of travel, such as in transportation contexts. For example: the train bound for Tokyo「東京行きの電車」(とうきょういきのでんしゃ). This bus is going to the station「このバスは駅行きです」(このバスはえきいきです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the direction or purpose of an action or plan. Note that '行き' is the noun form derived from the verb '行く (いく)', meaning 'to go'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

429

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Village

Reading

Kanji

村Village

Explanation

The Japanese noun '村 (むら)' means 'village'. It refers to a small community or settlement, typically in a rural area, smaller than a town or city. This word is often used to describe a place with a close-knit community and a simpler way of life. For example: I live in a small village「私は小さな村に住んでいます」(わたしはちいさなむらにすんでいます). The village is surrounded by mountains「その村は山に囲まれています」(そのむらはやまにかこまれています). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a group of people with shared characteristics, such as 'the village of artists' (芸術家の村, げいじゅつかのむら).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

430

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

No

Reading

Kanji

否Negate

Explanation

The Japanese interjection '否 (いや)' is a direct and somewhat informal way to say 'no'. It is often used in casual conversations to express disagreement, refusal, or to negate a statement. It can also convey a sense of hesitation or contradiction. For example: No, that's not true「いや、それは違う」(いや、それはちがう). No, I don't think so「いや、そうは思わない」(いや、そうはおもわない). In some contexts, it can also be used to express surprise or disbelief, such as 'No way!'「いや、まさか！」(いや、まさか！). This interjection is more commonly used in spoken language rather than formal writing.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

431

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mostly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ほとんど (ほとんど)' means 'mostly' or 'almost all'. It is used to indicate that something applies to the majority or nearly all of a group or situation. It can also imply that something is close to being complete or fully realized. For example: I mostly understand Japanese「ほとんど日本語がわかります」(ほとんどにほんごがわかります). Almost all the students passed the exam「ほとんど学生が試験に合格しました」(ほとんどがくせいがしけんにごうかくしました). Note that 'ほとんど' can also be used in negative sentences to mean 'hardly' or 'scarcely', as in 'I hardly slept last night「ほとんど寝ませんでした」(ほとんどねませんでした)'. This nuance is important as it changes the meaning significantly depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

432

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Example

Reading

Kanji

例Example

Explanation

The Japanese noun '例 (れい)' means 'example'. It is commonly used to refer to a specific instance or case that illustrates a general rule or pattern. This word is often used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in explanations, instructions, or discussions. For example: Here is an example「ここに例があります」(ここにれいがあります). Please follow this example「この例に従ってください」(このれいにしたがってください). The word can also be used in compound words like '例文 (れいぶん)' (example sentence) or '例外 (れいがい)' (exception).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

433

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Size

Reading

Kanji

大Big

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大きさ (おおきさ)' refers to the physical dimensions or magnitude of something, commonly translated as 'size'. It is used to describe how big or small an object, space, or concept is. For example: the size of this box is perfect「この箱の大きさは完璧です」(このはこのおおきさはかんぺきです). The size of the universe is unimaginable「宇宙の大きさは想像を絶します」(うちゅうのおおきさはそうぞうをたっします). This word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

434

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parent

Reading

Kanji

親Parent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親 (おや)' means 'parent'. This term is used to refer to one's mother or father, or parents in general. It can also be used in a broader sense to refer to someone who plays a parental role, such as a guardian or mentor. For example: my parents are kind「私の親は優しい」(わたしのおやはやさしい). He is like a parent to me「彼は私にとって親のような存在だ」(かれはわたしにとっておやのようなそんざいだ). The word can also be used in compounds, such as '親友 (しんゆう)' meaning 'close friend' (literally 'parent-like friend'), though this is a different usage of the kanji.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

435

Composition

kanji

Radical Form

亲

Handwriting

word

Meaning

History

Reading

Kanji

史History 歴Curriculum, Continuation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歴史 (れきし)' means 'history'. It refers to the study or record of past events, particularly those involving human affairs. This word is commonly used in academic, cultural, and everyday contexts to discuss historical events, periods, or the development of societies. For example: I study Japanese history「私は日本の歴史を勉強します」(わたしはにほんのれきしをべんきょうします). This town has a long history「この町は長い歴史があります」(このまちはながいれきしがあります). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the background or development of something, such as a person's life or an organization.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

436

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Head, Face

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '向かう (むかう)' can mean 'to head (toward)' or 'to face (a direction or situation)'. It is used to indicate movement toward a destination or confronting a situation. For example: he is heading toward the station「彼は駅に向かっている」(かれはえきにむかっている). We must face the challenges「私たちは課題に向かわなければならない」(わたしたちはかだいにむかわなければならない). The verb can also imply a sense of purpose or determination in the direction one is moving or facing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

437

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Center

Reading

Kanji

中Center 心Heart

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中心 (ちゅうしん)' means 'center'. It refers to the middle point or core of something, whether it's a physical object, a place, or an abstract concept. For example: The center of the city is busy「街の中心は賑やかです」(まちのちゅうしんはにぎやかです). The Earth's center is very hot「地球の中心はとても熱い」(ちきゅうのちゅうしんはとてもあつい). This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, such as describing the central point of a discussion or the core of an issue.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

438

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Born

Reading

Kanji

生Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '生まれる (うまれる)' means 'to be born'. It is used to describe the event of coming into existence, typically referring to the birth of a living being. This verb is often used in the context of someone's birth or the origin of something. For example: I was born in Tokyo「私は東京で生まれました」(わたしはとうきょうでうまれました). A new idea was born「新しいアイデアが生まれた」(あたらしいアイデアがうまれた). The verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object, and it is commonly used in the past tense to describe when someone or something was born.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

439

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not at all

Reading

Kanji

少Few

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '少しも (すこしも)' is used to emphasize the complete absence or negation of something, often translated as 'not at all' or 'not even a little'. It is typically used in negative sentences to stress that there is no degree or amount of something. For example: I don't understand at all「少しも分からない」(すこしもわからない). He didn't eat even a little「彼は少しも食べなかった」(かれはすこしもたべなかった). This adverb is often paired with negative verbs or adjectives to reinforce the negation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

440

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Most

Reading

Kanji

最Most

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '最も (もっとも)' means 'most' and is used to indicate the highest degree or extreme level of something. It is often used in comparisons or to emphasize a superlative quality. For example: This is the most important thing「これが最も重要なことです」(これがもっともじゅうようなことです). He is the most talented person in the group「彼はグループの中で最も才能のある人です」(かれはグループのなかでもっともさいのうのあるひとです). The adverb can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as '最も良い方法 (もっともよいほうほう) (the best method)'. Note that '最も' is formal and is often used in written or formal spoken Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

441

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slightly

Reading

Kanji

少Few

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '少々 (しょうしょう)' means 'slightly' or 'a little'. It is often used to indicate a small degree or amount of something. This word is commonly used in polite or formal contexts, such as in restaurants or shops, to make requests or describe quantities. For example: Please wait a moment「少々お待ちください」(しょうしょうおまちください). Add a little salt「少々塩を加えてください」(しょうしょうしおをくわえてください). It can also be used to downplay a situation or request, making it sound less demanding or significant.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

442

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Purpose, Goal

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目的 (もくてき)' refers to an aim, objective, or intention behind an action or plan. It can be used in various contexts, such as personal goals, project objectives, or the purpose of an event. For example: The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the budget「この会議の目的は予算について話し合うことです」(このかいぎのもくてきはよさんについてはなしあうことです). My goal is to become fluent in Japanese「私の目的は日本語を流暢に話せるようになることです」(わたしのもくてきはにほんごをりゅうちょうにはなせるようになることです). Note that '目的' often implies a specific, concrete aim, distinguishing it from more abstract terms like '理由 (りゆう)' (reason).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

443

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many

Reading

Kanji

多Many

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '多く (おおく)' means 'many' or 'much'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or number of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts and can modify nouns, verbs, or entire sentences. For example: Many people came to the event「多くの人がイベントに来た」(おおくのひとがイベントにきた). He has much experience「彼は多くの経験を持っている」(かれはおおくのけいけんをもっている). Note that '多く' can also function as a noun, meaning 'the majority' or 'most', as in '多くは賛成した (おおくはさんせいした) (Most agreed).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

444

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Origin, Basis

Reading

Kanji

元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '元 (もと)' can mean 'origin' or 'basis'. It refers to the source, foundation, or starting point of something. It is often used in contexts where the focus is on the root or cause of a situation, object, or concept. For example: This is the origin of the problem「これが問題の元です」(これがもんだいのもとです). The basis of his argument is weak「彼の議論の元は弱い」(かれのぎろんのもとはよわい). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '元気 (げんき)' (energy/health), where it contributes the meaning of 'source' or 'origin'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

445

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

You

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 御Honorable, General honorific term

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '御前 (おまえ)' is a second-person pronoun meaning 'you'. Historically, it was a term of respect, but in modern usage, it is often considered informal, blunt, or even rude depending on the context. It is typically used among close friends, family members, or in situations where the speaker wants to assert dominance or familiarity. For example: You are annoying「御前はうるさい」(おまえはうるさい). What are you doing?「御前は何をしている？」(おまえはなにをしている？). Be cautious when using this term, as it can come across as disrespectful if used inappropriately.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

446

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feeling

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感 (かん)' refers to a 'feeling' or 'sense'. It is often used to describe an emotional or physical sensation, or a perception of something. This word is commonly used in compound words to express specific types of feelings or senses, such as '安心感 (あんしんかん)' (a sense of security) or '違和感 (いわかん)' (a sense of discomfort). For example: I have a strange feeling「変な感がある」(へんなかんがある). She has a strong sense of responsibility「彼女は責任感が強い」(かのじょはせきにんかんがつよい). Note that '感' is often used in abstract or emotional contexts, and it can be paired with other kanji to create nuanced meanings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Show

Reading

Kanji

見See

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見せる (みせる)' means 'to show' or 'to display'. It is used when someone presents or reveals something to another person, often with the intention of sharing information, proving a point, or allowing someone to see something. For example: I will show you the photo「写真を見せます」(しゃしんをみせます). She showed me her new dress「彼女は新しいドレスを見せた」(かのじょはあたらしいドレスをみせた). The verb can also imply a sense of demonstration or exhibition, as in 'He showed his skills'「彼は自分のスキルを見せた」(かれはじぶんのスキルをみせた). Note that the verb often takes an indirect object marked by 'に' to indicate to whom something is shown, as in 'I showed it to my friend'「友達に見せた」(ともだちにみせた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

448

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ascent

Reading

Kanji

上Up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上り (のぼり)' refers to the act of ascending or going upward. It is often used in contexts related to climbing, such as climbing a mountain or stairs. For example: The ascent of the mountain was tough「山の上りは大変だった」(やまののぼりはたいへんだった). The train is on the ascent「電車は上りだ」(でんしゃはのぼりだ). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe progress or improvement in various situations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

449

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Very

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'とても' means 'very'. It is used to emphasize the degree or intensity of an adjective or another adverb. It is a common and versatile word in Japanese, often used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: This cake is very delicious「このケーキはとてもおいしい」(このケーキはとてもおいしい). She runs very fast「彼女はとても速く走る」(かのじょはとてもはやくはしる). Note that 'とても' can also be used in negative sentences to mean 'not very' or 'not at all', as in 'I am not very good at math「私は数学がとても得意ではない」(わたしはすうがくがとてもとくいではない)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

450

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Environment

Reading

Kanji

環Ring, Surround 境Boundary, Border

Explanation

The Japanese noun '環境 (かんきょう)' primarily means 'environment'. It refers to the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. This term is widely used in discussions about nature, ecology, and living conditions. For example: We need to protect the environment「環境を守る必要がある」(かんきょうをまもるひつようがある). The work environment is very important「仕事の環境はとても重要だ」(しごとのかんきょうはとてもじゅうようだ). It can also refer to the setting or context in which something exists or operates, such as a social or technological environment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

451

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Government

Reading

Kanji

政Government, Politics 府Government office, Urban prefecture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '政府 (せいふ)' refers to the governing body of a nation or state, commonly translated as 'government'. It is used to describe the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state. This term is neutral and can refer to any form of government, whether democratic, autocratic, or otherwise. Example sentences include: The government announced a new policy「政府は新しい政策を発表した」(せいふはあたらしいせいさくをはっぴょうした). The government is responsible for public safety「政府は公共の安全に責任がある」(せいふはこうきょうのあんぜんにせきにんがある).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

452

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Technology

Reading

Kanji

術Art, Technique 技Skill

Explanation

The Japanese noun '技術 (ぎじゅつ)' primarily means 'technology' or 'technique'. It refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry, or the skills and methods used in a particular field. It can be used in various contexts, from discussing advancements in technology to describing someone's skill in a craft or art. For example: Japan is known for its advanced technology「日本は先進的な技術で知られている」(にほんはせんしんてきなぎじゅつでしられている). He has excellent technique in painting「彼は絵画の技術が優れている」(かれはかいがのぎじゅつがすぐれている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

453

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

This

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun 'こちら (こちら)' is a polite way to refer to 'this' or 'this one'. It is often used to indicate something close to the speaker, whether it be a person, place, or thing. It can also be used to refer to oneself or one's side in a formal context. For example: This is my friend「こちらは私の友達です」(こちらはわたしのともだちです). This way, please「こちらへどうぞ」(こちらへどうぞ). It is important to note that 'こちら' is more formal and polite than 'これ (これ)', which also means 'this'.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Frequency

454

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Descent

Reading

Kanji

下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '下り (くだり)' refers to a 'descent' or 'downward movement'. It is often used in contexts related to traveling or moving downward, such as descending a mountain or a train heading away from a major city. For example: The descent was steep「下りは急だった」(くだりはきゅうだった). The train bound for Kyoto is a down train「京都行きの電車は下りです」(きょうとゆきのでんしゃはくだりです). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe a decline or decrease in status, quality, or quantity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

455

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hit, Win

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '当たる (あたる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to hit' or 'to strike', often used in the context of something physically hitting or coming into contact with something else. For example: The ball hit the wall「ボールが壁に当たった」(ボールがかべにあたった). The second meaning is 'to win', typically used in the context of winning a prize or lottery. For example: I won the lottery「宝くじに当たった」(たからくじにあたった). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when guessing correctly or being right about something. For instance: My guess was right「私の予想が当たった」(わたしのよそうがあたった). The context in which '当たる' is used will determine its specific meaning, so it's important to pay attention to the surrounding words and phrases.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

456

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

終End

Explanation

The Japanese verb '終わる (おわる)' means 'to end' or 'to finish'. It is used to describe the conclusion of an event, activity, or period of time. This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: The meeting ended「会議が終わった」(かいぎがおわった). The movie will end soon「映画はもうすぐ終わる」(えいがはもうすぐおわる). When used in the passive form, it can imply that something has come to an end naturally or without direct intervention, as in 'The party ended without any problems'「パーティーは問題なく終わった」(パーティーはもんだいなくおわった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

457

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Younger

Reading

Kanji

下Down 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年下 (としした)' refers to someone who is younger in age. It is commonly used to describe a person who is younger than the speaker or another reference person. This term is often used in social contexts to indicate age hierarchy or relationships. For example: She is younger than me「彼女は私より年下です」(かのじょはわたしよりとししたです). My younger brother is three years younger than me「私の弟は私より3歳年下です」(わたしのおとうとはわたしよりさんさいとししたです). The term can also be used in professional or academic settings to refer to someone who is junior in status or experience.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

458

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 最Most

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最後 (さいご)' means 'end' or 'last'. It refers to the final part of something, such as the conclusion of an event, the last moment of a situation, or the ultimate outcome. It can also imply a sense of finality or irreversibility. For example: This is the end of the movie「これは映画の最後です」(これはえいがのさいごです). He stayed until the very end「彼は最後まで残った」(かれはさいごまでのこった). The word can also be used to emphasize the finality of an action, as in '最後のチャンス (さいごのチャンス) (last chance)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

459

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Um

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'あの (ano)' is commonly used as a filler word, similar to 'um' or 'uh' in English. It is often used when the speaker is hesitating, thinking, or trying to get someone's attention politely. For example: Um, excuse me...「あの、すみません…」(あの、すみません). Um, what was it again?「あの、なんだっけ？」(あの、なんだっけ？). It can also be used to soften a request or question, making it sound less direct. This interjection is versatile and frequently used in casual and formal conversations alike.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

460

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number, Edition

Reading

Kanji

号Number

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '号 (ごう)' is commonly used to denote a number or edition. It can be attached to numbers to indicate a specific issue, version, or model, such as in train numbers, magazine issues, or ship names. For example: This is the 3rd edition「これは3号です」(これはさんごうです). The train is number 12「その電車は12号です」(そのでんしゃはじゅうにごうです). It can also be used in names of ships or vehicles, like 'Yamato号 (やまとごう)', meaning 'Yamato ship'. The suffix is versatile and context-dependent, often indicating a specific instance within a series.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Color, Appearance

Reading

Kanji

色Color

Explanation

The Japanese noun '色 (いろ)' primarily means 'color'. It refers to the hue or shade of an object, such as red, blue, or green. For example: the color of the sky is blue「空の色は青い」(そらのいろはあおい). Additionally, '色 (いろ)' can also mean 'appearance' or 'look', often used to describe the outward expression or mood of a situation or person. For example: her face showed a troubled look「彼女の顔に困った色が見えた」(かのじょのかおにこまったいろがみえた). This dual meaning makes '色 (いろ)' a versatile word in Japanese, used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

462

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Side, On the other hand

Reading

Kanji

方Direction 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '一方 (いっぽう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'side', referring to one of two opposing sides or directions. For example: on one side of the river「川の一方」(かわのいっぽう). The second meaning is 'on the other hand', used to contrast two different situations or perspectives. For example: He is kind. On the other hand, he can be strict「彼は優しい。一方、厳しいこともある」(かれはやさしい。いっぽう、きびしいこともある). This word is versatile and often appears in both formal and informal contexts to highlight contrasts or differences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

463

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Basis

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 基Base, Fundation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '基本 (きほん)' means 'basis' or 'foundation'. It refers to the fundamental principles or essential elements that form the core of something. This word is often used in contexts related to education, rules, or systems to denote the underlying principles. For example: The basis of learning is practice「基本は練習です」(きほんはれんしゅうです). Understanding the basics is important「基本を理解することが大切です」(きほんをりかいすることがたいせつです). It can also be used in phrases like '基本ルール (きほんルール)' (basic rules) or '基本方針 (きほんほうしん)' (basic policy).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

464

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alone

Reading

Kanji

人Person 一One

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一人で (ひとりで)' means 'alone' or 'by oneself'. It is used to describe doing something without the help or company of others. This adverb is often used to emphasize independence or solitude in an action. For example: I went to the park alone「一人で公園に行った」(ひとりでこうえんにいった). She solved the problem by herself「彼女は一人で問題を解決した」(かのじょはひとりでもんだいをかいけつした). Note that '一人で' can also imply a sense of self-reliance or doing something without assistance, as in '一人で勉強する (ひとりでべんきょうする) (to study alone/independently)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

465

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Photo

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 写Copy, Photograph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '写真 (しゃしん)' means 'photo' or 'photograph'. It refers to a picture taken with a camera or similar device. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to both physical and digital photos. For example: I took a photo「写真を撮りました」(しゃしんをとりました). This is a beautiful photo「これは美しい写真です」(これはうつくしいしゃしんです). The word can also be used in compound terms, such as '写真集 (しゃしんしゅう)' (photo album) or '写真家 (しゃしんか)' (photographer).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

466

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feeling

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感じ (かんじ)' means 'feeling'. It refers to the sensation, impression, or atmosphere that something or someone gives off. It can describe both physical sensations and emotional impressions. For example: I have a good feeling about this「これにはいい感じがする」(これにはいいかんじがする). The atmosphere of this place is nice「この場所の感じがいい」(このばしょのかんじがいい). It can also be used to describe the texture or vibe of something, such as 'the feel of the fabric'「布の感じ」(ぬのかんじ). This word is versatile and often used in casual and formal contexts alike.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

467

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foreigner

Reading

Kanji

人Person 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外人 (がいじん)' means 'foreigner'. It is a term used to refer to someone who is not Japanese, often implying that they are from a different country or culture. While it is a commonly used term, it can sometimes carry a slightly informal or even pejorative nuance depending on the context, so it is important to be mindful of its usage. For example: There are many foreigners in Tokyo「東京には外人が多い」(とうきょうにはがいじんがおおい). That foreigner speaks Japanese well「あの外人は日本語が上手だ」(あのがいじんはにほんごがじょうずだ). In more polite or formal contexts, the term '外国人 (がいこくじん)' is often preferred.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

468

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ride, Board

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乗る (のる)' primarily means 'to ride' or 'to board'. It is used when getting on or into a vehicle, such as a train, bus, or bicycle. For example: I will ride the train「電車に乗る」(でんしゃにのる). She boarded the bus「彼女はバスに乗った」(かのじょはバスにのった). Additionally, it can be used metaphorically, such as 'to go along with' or 'to take advantage of', as in 'to ride the wave of success'. However, the most common usage is related to transportation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

469

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Person, Shop

Reading

Kanji

屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '屋 (や)' has two primary meanings. First, it is commonly used to denote a shop or store that sells a specific type of goods. For example: a bookstore「本屋」(ほんや). Second, it can also refer to a person who is associated with a particular trait, profession, or characteristic. For example: a hard worker「働き屋」(はたらきや). The suffix is versatile and widely used in everyday language. Example sentences: I bought this at the flower shop「これを花屋で買いました」(これをはなやでかいました). He is a real workaholic「彼は本当の働き屋です」(かれはほんとうのはたらきやです).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

470

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remain

Reading

Kanji

残Remainder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '残る (のこる)' means 'to remain' or 'to be left over'. It is used to describe something that stays behind or continues to exist after other things have been removed, used, or have disappeared. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physical objects, time, or abstract concepts. For example: There is still some food left「まだ食べ物が残っている」(まだたべものがのこっている). Only a few minutes remain「あと数分しか残っていない」(あとすうふんしかのこっていない). The memory of that day remains「あの日の記憶が残っている」(あのひのきおくがのこっている). It is important to note that '残る' often implies that something is left in a state that was not originally intended or expected.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

471

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fact

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 実Fruit, Truth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事実 (じじつ)' means 'fact'. It refers to something that is true or has actually happened, often used in contexts where objective reality or truth is being discussed. For example: The fact is undeniable「事実は否定できない」(じじつはひていできない). He presented the facts clearly「彼は事実を明確に提示した」(かれはじじつをめいかくにていじした). This word is commonly used in formal or serious discussions, such as in news reports, legal contexts, or academic writing. It can also be used to contrast with opinions or assumptions, emphasizing the importance of truth and evidence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

472

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Name

Reading

Kanji

名Name 前Before, Front

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名前 (なまえ)' means 'name'. It refers to the word or words by which a person, place, or thing is known. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation to ask for or give someone's name. For example: What is your name?「あなたの名前は何ですか？」(あなたのなまえはなんですか？). My name is Tanaka「私の名前は田中です」(わたしのなまえはたなかです). It can also be used to refer to the name of objects, places, or even abstract concepts, such as the name of a book or a company. The word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

473

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooperation

Reading

Kanji

協Cooperate 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '協力 (きょうりょく)' means 'cooperation'. It refers to the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal. This word is often used in contexts involving teamwork, collaboration, or mutual assistance. For example: Thank you for your cooperation「ご協力ありがとうございます」(ごきょうりょくありがとうございます). We need everyone's cooperation to succeed「成功するにはみんなの協力が必要です」(せいこうするにはみんなのきょうりょくがひつようです). The word can also be used in formal or informal settings, making it versatile in both professional and casual conversations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

474

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leg, Foot (measure)

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient

Explanation

The Japanese noun '足 (あし)' can mean either 'foot' or 'leg', depending on the context. It refers to the lower limb of the body, from the hip to the toes. When used to mean 'foot', it specifically refers to the part of the limb below the ankle. When used to mean 'leg', it refers to the entire limb. For example: My foot hurts「足が痛い」(あしがいたい). He has long legs「彼は足が長い」(かれはあしがながい). The word is also used in various idiomatic expressions, such as '足が速い (あしがはやい)', which means 'fast runner' or 'quick to spoil' (for food).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

475

Composition

kanji

Radical Form

⻊

Handwriting

word

Meaning

State

Reading

Kanji

述State, Mention

Explanation

The Japanese verb '述べる (のべる)' means 'to state' or 'to express'. It is used when someone is formally or clearly stating an opinion, fact, or explanation. This verb is often used in written or formal contexts, such as essays, reports, or speeches. For example: He stated his opinion clearly「彼は意見を述べた」(かれはけんをのべた). The professor explained the theory in detail「教授は理論を詳しく述べた」(きょうじゅはりろんをくわしくのべた). Note that '述べる' carries a nuance of formality and clarity, distinguishing it from more casual verbs like '言う (いう)' (to say).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

476

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exit

Reading

Kanji

口Mouth 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出口 (でぐち)' means 'exit'. It is commonly used to refer to a way out of a building, room, or enclosed space, such as a train station, shopping mall, or theater. For example: The exit is over there「出口はあそこです」(でぐちはあそこです). Please use the emergency exit in case of fire「火事の場合は非常口を使ってください」(かじのばあいはひじょうぐちをつかってください). Note that '出口' is often paired with '入口 (いりぐち)', which means 'entrance', to indicate the flow of movement in and out of a space.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

477

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Past

Reading

Kanji

昔Old times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昔 (むかし)' refers to 'the past' or 'olden times'. It is used to describe a time long ago, often with a nostalgic or historical connotation. This word is commonly used in storytelling or when reminiscing about earlier days. For example: In the past, this town was very quiet「昔、この町はとても静かだった」(むかし、このまちはとてもしずかだった). Long ago, people used to travel by horse「昔、人々は馬で旅をした」(むかし、ひとびとはうまでたびをした). The word '昔' can also be used in expressions like '昔話 (むかしばなし)', which means 'old tale' or 'folktale'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

478

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enough

Reading

Kanji

十Ten 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '十分 (じゅうぶん)' means 'enough' or 'sufficient'. It is used to indicate that something is adequate or satisfactory in quantity, quality, or degree. This word can be used in various contexts, such as describing time, resources, or effort. For example: I have enough time「時間は十分です」(じかんはじゅうぶんです). This meal is sufficient「この食事は十分です」(このしょくじはじゅうぶんです). It can also be used to express that no further action is needed, as in 'That's enough, thank you'「十分です、ありがとう」(じゅうぶんです、ありがとう).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

479

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

You

Reading

Kanji

君Ruler, You

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '君 (きみ)' is an informal way to say 'you'. It is typically used by males and can carry a sense of familiarity or intimacy, often used among friends, peers, or when addressing someone of lower status. However, it can also sound condescending if used inappropriately, so caution is advised. Example sentences: You are kind「君は優しい」(きみはやさしい). I like you「君が好きだ」(きみがすきだ). Note that '君' is less formal than 'あなた' and is rarely used in polite or professional settings.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

480

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

More

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'もっと' means 'more'. It is used to indicate a greater degree or quantity of something. It can be used in various contexts, such as requesting more of something, expressing a desire for more, or comparing quantities. For example: I want more「もっと欲しい」(もっとほしい). Please speak more slowly「もっとゆっくり話してください」(もっとゆっくりはなしてください). It can also be used to encourage someone to do more, as in 'もっと頑張って (もっとがんばって) (try harder)'. Note that 'もっと' is often used with verbs to express an increase in action or state.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

481

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unskilled

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '下手 (へた)' means 'unskilled' or 'poor at something'. It is used to describe a lack of skill or proficiency in a particular activity or task. This word often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that someone is not good at something. For example: I am bad at cooking「私は料理が下手です」(わたしはりょうりがへたです). He is unskilled at playing the piano「彼はピアノを弾くのが下手です」(かれはぴあのをひくのがへたです). It is commonly used in the structure '[subject] は [activity] が 下手です' to express someone's lack of skill in a specific area.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

482

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Insurance

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 険Dangerous, Steep

Explanation

The Japanese noun '保険 (ほけん)' means 'insurance'. It refers to a system or contract where individuals or entities pay premiums to protect against financial loss or damage. This term is commonly used in contexts like health insurance, car insurance, or life insurance. For example: I have health insurance「私は健康保険を持っています」(わたしはけんこうほけんをもっています). Car insurance is mandatory「車の保険は必須です」(くるまのほけんはひっすです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that provides security or a safeguard against potential risks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

These

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'これら (これら)' means 'these'. It is used to refer to multiple things that are close to the speaker, either physically or in terms of relevance. 'これら' is a plural demonstrative pronoun, often used to point out or emphasize a group of items or concepts. For example: these books are interesting「これらの本は面白い」(これらのほんはおもしろい). These ideas are important「これらの考えは重要だ」(これらのかんがえはじゅうようだ). Note that 'これら' is more formal than 'これ' and is typically used in written or formal spoken contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

484

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Region

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地方 (ちほう)' means 'region'. It refers to a specific area or part of a country, often used to distinguish areas outside major cities like Tokyo or Osaka. It can also imply a rural or less urbanized area. For example: I want to visit the northern region「北の地方に行きたい」(きたのちほうにいきたい). This region is famous for its hot springs「この地方は温泉で有名です」(このちほうはおんせんでゆうめいです). The word can also be used in contexts like 'local government' (地方自治体, ちほうじちたい) or 'regional culture' (地方文化, ちほうぶんか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

485

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Century

Reading

Kanji

紀Chronicle, Era 世World, Generation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世紀 (せいき)' means 'century'. It refers to a period of 100 years. This word is commonly used in historical contexts or when discussing long periods of time. For example: the 21st century「21世紀」(にじゅういちせいき). The 20th century was a time of great change「20世紀は大きな変化の時代でした」(にじゅうせいきはおおきなへんかのじだいでした). It can also be used metaphorically to describe a significant era or period, such as 'the century of technology'「技術の世紀」(ぎじゅつのせいき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

486

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Add

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient

Explanation

The Japanese verb '足す (たす)' means 'to add'. It is commonly used in mathematical contexts or when combining quantities. For example: add sugar to the tea「お茶に砂糖を足す」(おちゃにさとうをたす). It can also be used metaphorically, such as adding effort to achieve something. Another example: add more effort to your work「仕事にもっと力を足す」(しごとにもっとちからをたす). The verb is often used in casual and formal settings alike, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

487

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Member

Reading

Kanji

員Member

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '員 (いん)' is used to denote a member or a person associated with a particular group, organization, or role. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate someone's affiliation or position. For example: company employee「会社員」(かいしゃいん). staff member「職員」(しょくいん). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to specify a person's role within a group or organization.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

488

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guest, Customer

Reading

Kanji

客Guest, Customer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '客 (きゃく)' can mean both 'guest' and 'customer', depending on the context. When referring to a 'guest', it is often used in social or hospitality settings, such as inviting someone to your home or a hotel guest. For example: The guest arrived「客が来た」(きゃくがきた). When referring to a 'customer', it is commonly used in business or retail contexts, such as a store or restaurant. For example: The customer is waiting「客が待っている」(きゃくがまっている). The word can also imply a sense of respect or formality, as in treating someone as an honored guest or valued customer.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

489

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Newspaper

Reading

Kanji

新New 聞Listen

Explanation

The Japanese noun '新聞 (しんぶん)' means 'newspaper'. It refers to a printed publication containing news, articles, and advertisements, typically issued daily or weekly. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is a staple in Japanese media culture. For example: I read the newspaper every morning「毎朝新聞を読みます」(まいあさしんぶんをよみます). The newspaper is on the table「新聞はテーブルの上にあります」(しんぶんはテーブルのうえにあります). It can also be used in compound words, such as '新聞記者 (しんぶんきしゃ)' (newspaper reporter).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

490

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Karate

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '空手 (からて)' refers to 'karate', a traditional martial art originating from Okinawa, Japan. It emphasizes striking techniques using punches, kicks, knee strikes, and open-hand techniques. The word literally translates to 'empty hand', reflecting its focus on unarmed combat. Example sentences: He practices karate every day「彼は毎日空手を練習する」(かれはまいにちからてをれんしゅうする). Karate is a disciplined martial art「空手は規律のある武道です」(からてはきりつのあるぶどうです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

491

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Citizen

Reading

Kanji

民People, Nation 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国民 (こくみん)' refers to the people of a nation or citizens of a country. It is often used in a collective sense to describe the population of a nation as a whole. For example: The citizens of Japan are hardworking「日本の国民は勤勉です」(にほんのこくみんはきんべんです). The government cares for its citizens「政府は国民のことを気にかけています」(せいふはこくみんのことをきにかけています). This term is commonly used in political, social, and economic contexts to refer to the general populace of a country.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spirit, Mind

Reading

Kanji

精Spirit, Refine 神God

Explanation

The Japanese noun '精神 (せいしん)' primarily refers to 'spirit' or 'mind'. It encompasses mental and emotional states, as well as the essence of one's being. It is often used in contexts related to psychology, philosophy, or personal resilience. For example: He has a strong spirit「彼は強い精神を持っている」(かれはつよいせいしんをもっている). Mental health is important「精神の健康は大切です」(せいしんのけんこうはたいせつです). The word can also refer to the collective mindset or ethos of a group, such as in 'team spirit' or 'national spirit'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

493

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daughter

Reading

Kanji

娘Daughter, Girl

Explanation

The Japanese noun '娘 (むすめ)' means 'daughter'. It refers to a female child in relation to her parents. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: my daughter is kind「私の娘は優しい」(わたしのむすめはやさしい). Her daughter is a student「彼女の娘は学生です」(かのじょのむすめはがくせいです). The term can also be used affectionately or to refer to a young girl in general, though it primarily means 'daughter'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

494

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Whole

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '全体 (ぜんたい)' means 'whole' or 'entirety'. It refers to the complete or total extent of something, often used to describe the entirety of a group, object, or situation. For example: the whole picture「全体の絵」(ぜんたいのえ). The entire team is here「全体のチームがここにいる」(ぜんたいのチームがここにいる). This word is commonly used in contexts where the focus is on the entirety rather than individual parts. It can also imply a sense of unity or completeness, as in '全体の意見 (ぜんたいのいけん) (the whole opinion)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

495

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hospital

Reading

Kanji

院Institution 病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '病院 (びょういん)' means 'hospital'. It refers to a medical institution where patients receive treatment, care, and diagnosis. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing health, medical visits, or emergencies. For example: I went to the hospital「病院に行きました」(びょういんにいきました). The hospital is nearby「病院は近くです」(びょういんはちかくです). It is important to note that '病院' is distinct from 'クリニック (くりにっく)', which typically refers to smaller clinics or private practices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

496

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Be

Reading

Kanji

座Sit, Seat 御Honorable, General honorific term

Explanation

The Japanese verb '御座る (ござる)' is a humble or polite form of the verb 'to be'. It is often used in formal or respectful contexts, such as when speaking to someone of higher status or in ceremonial settings. This verb is a more polite version of 'ある (aru)' or 'いる (iru)', which also mean 'to be'. For example: The book is here「本が御座います」(ほんがございます). The teacher is present「先生が御座います」(せんせいがございます). It's important to note that 'ござる' is often conjugated to 'ございます' in modern usage to show even greater politeness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

497

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

We

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '我々 (われわれ)' means 'we'. It is a formal and somewhat literary way to refer to a group that includes the speaker. It is often used in speeches, formal writing, or when emphasizing a collective identity. For example: We must work together「我々は共に働かなければならない」(われわれはともにはたらかなければならない). We are responsible「我々は責任がある」(われわれはせきにんがある). Note that '我々' is less commonly used in casual conversation, where '私たち (わたしたち)' is more typical.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

498

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stand, Establish

Reading

Kanji

立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verb '立てる (たてる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to stand', which refers to causing something to stand upright or to set something in an upright position. For example: I stood the broom in the corner「ほうきを隅に立てた」(ほうきをすみにたてた). The second meaning is 'to establish', which refers to creating or setting up something, such as a plan, theory, or organization. For example: They established a new company「彼らは新しい会社を立てた」(かれらはあたらしいかいしゃをたてた). The verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts depending on the object it is paired with.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

499

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weekly

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 週Week

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎週 (まいしゅう)' means 'weekly'. It refers to something that occurs or is done every week. This word is commonly used to describe routines, schedules, or events that happen on a weekly basis. For example: I go to the gym weekly「毎週ジムに行きます」(まいしゅうジムにいきます). The meeting is held weekly「会議は毎週行われます」(かいぎはまいしゅうおこなわれます). It can also be used to specify the frequency of an action, as in '毎週のレッスン (まいしゅうのレッスン) (weekly lesson)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

500

Composition

kanji

Handwriting