言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Frost

Reading

Kanji

霜Frost

Explanation

The Japanese noun '霜 (しも)' refers to 'frost', which is the thin layer of ice that forms on surfaces when the temperature drops below freezing. This word is often used in weather-related contexts or to describe the natural phenomenon of frost forming on plants, windows, or the ground. For example: The frost is beautiful this morning「今朝の霜は美しい」(けさのしもはうつくしい). The garden was covered in frost「庭が霜で覆われていた」(にわがしもでおおわれていた). Frost can also symbolize coldness or the arrival of winter in poetic or literary contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4901

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stock price

Reading

Kanji

株Shares, Stocks 価Price

Explanation

The Japanese noun '株価 (かぶか)' refers to the 'stock price' or 'share price' of a company. It is commonly used in financial and business contexts to discuss the value of stocks traded on the market. For example: The stock price rose sharply「株価が急上昇した」(かぶかがきゅうじょうしょうした). The stock price of that company is high「あの会社の株価は高い」(あのかいしゃのかぶかはたかい). This term is essential in discussions about investments, market trends, and economic news.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4902

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Again

Reading

Kanji

度Degrees, Times 再Again, Twice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '再度 (さいど)' means 'again' or 'once more'. It is used to indicate the repetition of an action or event. This word is often used in formal or written contexts, such as in business or official communications. For example: Please try again「再度お試しください」(さいどおためしください). We will discuss this matter again「この件は再度話し合います」(このけんはさいどはなしあいます). Note that '再度' is more formal than other words meaning 'again', such as 'もう一度 (もういちど)', which is more commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4903

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Communication, Transmission

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese noun '伝達 (でんたつ)' refers to the act of transmitting or communicating information, messages, or instructions from one person or place to another. It is often used in formal or organizational contexts, such as in workplaces, schools, or official communications. For example: The transmission of information is crucial「情報の伝達は重要です」(じょうほうのでんたつはじゅうようです). The teacher communicated the instructions clearly「先生は指示を明確に伝達しました」(せんせいはしじをめいかくにでんたつしました). Note that '伝達' emphasizes the process of conveying information accurately and effectively.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4904

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Revive

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'よみがえる (yomigaeru)' means 'to revive' or 'to be restored'. It is often used to describe something that comes back to life, regains strength, or is restored to its former state. This can apply to physical, emotional, or even abstract concepts. For example: the old tradition has been revived「古い伝統がよみがえった」(ふるいでんとうがよみがえった). His memories came back to life「彼の記憶がよみがえった」(かれのきおくがよみがえった). The word can also imply a sense of renewal or resurgence, often with a positive connotation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

4905

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Public

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude 公Public

Explanation

The Japanese noun '公衆 (こうしゅう)' refers to 'the public' or 'the general populace'. It is commonly used in contexts relating to public spaces, public services, or public opinion. For example: public restroom「公衆トイレ」(こうしゅうトイレ). Public opinion is important「公衆の意見は重要です」(こうしゅうのいけんはじゅうようです). The term often carries a formal tone and is frequently used in official or societal contexts. It can also imply a collective group of people, as in '公衆の面前 (こうしゅうのめんぜん) (in front of the public)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4906

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

House of Representatives

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude 議Deliberation 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衆議院 (しゅうぎいん)' refers to the 'House of Representatives', which is the lower house of Japan's bicameral parliament, the National Diet. It is one of the two legislative chambers, the other being the House of Councilors (参議院, さんぎいん). The House of Representatives holds significant power, including the ability to override decisions made by the House of Councillors in certain situations. For example: The bill was passed by the House of Representatives「その法案は衆議院で可決された」(そのほうあんはしゅうぎいんでかけつされた). Members of the House of Representatives are elected by the public「衆議院議員は国民によって選ばれる」(しゅうぎいんぎいんはこくみんによってえらばれる).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4907

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude 観View

Explanation

The Japanese noun '観衆 (かんしゅう)' refers to a 'crowd' or 'audience', typically gathered to watch an event, performance, or spectacle. It emphasizes the collective group of people observing something. For example: The crowd cheered loudly「観衆は大声で歓声を上げた」(かんしゅうはおおごえでかんせいをあげた). The audience was captivated by the performance「観衆はそのパフォーマンスに引き込まれた」(かんしゅうはそのぱふぉーまんすにひきこまれた). This word is often used in contexts like sports events, concerts, or public gatherings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4908

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude 群Group, Flock

Explanation

The Japanese noun '群衆 (ぐんしゅう)' refers to a 'crowd' or a large group of people gathered together. It is often used to describe a mass of people in public spaces, such as during events, protests, or in busy areas. The word carries a neutral tone and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: The crowd cheered loudly「群衆は大声で歓声を上げた」(ぐんしゅうはおおごえでかんせいをあげた). The crowd dispersed quickly「群衆はすぐに解散した」(ぐんしゅうはすぐにかいさんした). Note that '群衆' emphasizes the collective nature of the group, often implying a sense of unity or shared purpose among the individuals.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4909

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Summer greeting

Reading

Kanji

中Center 見See 暑Hot 舞Dance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '暑中見舞い (しょちゅうみまい)' refers to a traditional summer greeting card sent during the hottest part of the year, typically in July or August. It is a way to inquire about someone's well-being and express concern for their health during the intense summer heat. These cards are often sent to friends, family, or colleagues and may include updates about the sender's life or seasonal greetings. Example sentences: I sent a summer greeting to my friend「友達に暑中見舞いを送りました」(ともだちにしょちゅうみまいをおくりました). Did you receive a summer greeting card?「暑中見舞いをもらいましたか？」(しょちゅうみまいをもらいましたか？).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4910

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

South

Reading

Kanji

南South 部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '南部 (なんぶ)' refers to the 'southern part' of a region, area, or country. It is often used in geographical contexts to describe the southern portion of a place. For example: The southern part of Japan is warm「日本の南部は暖かい」(にほんのなんぶはあたたかい). The southern region of the country is known for its beaches「その国の南部はビーチで有名です」(そのくにのなんぶはビーチでゆうめいです). This term is commonly used in place names or to specify a location within a larger area.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4911

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flag

Reading

Kanji

旗Flag

Explanation

The Japanese noun '旗 (はた)' means 'flag'. This word refers to a piece of cloth or similar material, typically rectangular or triangular, attached to a pole or rope and used as a symbol, signaling device, or decoration. It is commonly used in contexts such as national flags, sports events, or festivals. For example: The national flag is flying「国旗がはためいている」(こっきがはためいている). They raised the white flag「彼らは白い旗を上げた」(かれらはしろいはたをあげた). The word can also be used metaphorically to represent a cause or movement, as in '旗を掲げる (はたをかかげる)' which means 'to raise a flag' or 'to champion a cause'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4912

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Farmer

Reading

Kanji

百Hundred 姓Surname, Family name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '百姓 (ひゃくしょう)' historically refers to a farmer or peasant. It is an older term that was commonly used in feudal Japan to describe people who worked in agriculture. While it is still understood today, it can carry a somewhat outdated or even derogatory connotation in modern usage, depending on the context. For example: The farmer works hard「百姓は一生懸命働く」(ひゃくしょうはいっしょうけんめいはたらく). In the past, farmers were called '百姓'「昔、農民は百姓と呼ばれていた」(むかし、のうみんはひゃくしょうとよばれていた). It is important to note that in contemporary Japanese, the term '農民 (のうみん)' or '農家 (のうか)' is more commonly used to refer to farmers in a neutral or respectful way.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4913

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

仕Serve 舞Dance

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お仕舞い (おしまい)' means 'end' or 'conclusion'. It is often used to indicate the conclusion of an event, story, or activity. This word carries a sense of finality and is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: the movie has ended「映画はお仕舞いです」(えいがはおしまいです). The party is over「パーティーはお仕舞い」(パーティーはおしまい). It can also be used to express that something is finished or done, as in 'that's it' or 'that's all'. Note that 'お仕舞い' is often written in hiragana as 'おしまい' in modern usage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4914

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suit

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'スーツ (suutsu)' refers to a 'suit', typically a formal outfit consisting of a matching jacket and trousers or skirt. This word is borrowed from English and is commonly used in professional or formal settings. For example: He is wearing a suit「彼はスーツを着ている」(かれはすーつをきている). I bought a new suit for the interview「面接のために新しいスーツを買った」(めんせつのためにあたらしいすーつをかった). The term is widely understood in Japanese and is used similarly to its English counterpart, often in contexts related to business, formal events, or fashion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4915

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aim

Reading

Kanji

狙Aim

Explanation

The Japanese noun '狙い (ねらい)' means 'aim' or 'target'. It refers to the goal or objective one is trying to achieve, often in a strategic or deliberate manner. This word is commonly used in contexts involving plans, strategies, or intentions. For example: His aim is to win the competition「彼の狙いはコンテストに勝つことです」(かれのねらいはコンテストにかつことです). The sniper took aim at the target「狙撃手は狙いを定めた」(そげきしゅはねらいをさだめた). Additionally, '狙い' can imply a hidden or underlying intention, such as in '彼の狙いは何だろう？ (かれのねらいはなんだろう？) (What is his aim?).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4916

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consignment

Reading

Kanji

委Committee 託Entrust, Consign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '委託 (いたく)' refers to the act of entrusting or consigning something to someone else, often in a business or legal context. It implies that responsibility or authority is being delegated to another party. For example: The company consigned the task to a specialist「会社はその仕事を専門家に委託した」(かいしゃはそのしごとをせんもんかにいたくした). The goods were sent on consignment「商品は委託で送られた」(しょうひんはいたくでおくられた). This term is commonly used in contexts involving outsourcing, agency agreements, or the transfer of responsibilities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4917

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bean

Reading

Kanji

豆Beans

Explanation

The Japanese noun '豆 (まめ)' primarily means 'bean'. This word is used to refer to various types of beans, such as soybeans, green beans, or coffee beans. It can also be used metaphorically or in compound words to describe small, bean-like objects or concepts. For example: I like green beans「緑の豆が好きです」(みどりのまめがすきです). Coffee beans are roasted「コーヒーの豆は焙煎されます」(コーヒーのまめはばいせんされます). Additionally, '豆' can sometimes refer to small, round objects or even trivial matters, but the primary meaning remains 'bean'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4918

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Memory

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'メモリー (memorii)' refers to 'memory'. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in contexts related to computers, electronics, or mental recollection. For example: This computer has a lot of memory「このコンピューターはメモリーが多い」(このコンピューターはメモリーがおおい). I have a good memory「私はメモリーがいい」(わたしはメモリーがいい). It can also refer to storage capacity in devices or the ability to remember information. The word is often used in technical or casual conversations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4919

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scholarship

Reading

Kanji

奨Urge, Encourage 金Gold 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '奨学金 (しょうがくきん)' refers to a 'scholarship', which is financial aid awarded to students to help pay for their education. This term is commonly used in academic contexts and can refer to both merit-based and need-based scholarships. For example: I received a scholarship「奨学金をもらいました」(しょうがくきんをもらいました). She applied for a scholarship「彼女は奨学金に申し込んだ」(かのじょはしょうがくきんにもうしこんだ). It is important to note that '奨学金' is often associated with higher education, such as university or graduate school, and can cover tuition, living expenses, or both.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4920

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Highway

Reading

Kanji

街Street, Boulevard 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese noun '街道 (かいどう)' refers to a highway or main road, often historically significant. It is used to describe major routes that connect cities or regions, and it can carry a sense of tradition or historical importance. For example: This highway connects Kyoto and Tokyo「この街道は京都と東京を結ぶ」(このかいどうはきょうとととうきょうをむすぶ). The old highway is still in use「古い街道はまだ使われている」(ふるいかいどうはまだつかわれている). The term can also evoke a sense of nostalgia or cultural heritage, as many 街道 were used during the Edo period for travel and trade.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4921

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrival

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '着 (き)' primarily means 'arrival'. It is used to indicate the act of arriving at a destination or the state of having arrived. This word is often used in contexts related to travel, schedules, or events. For example: the train's arrival is delayed「電車の着が遅れている」(でんしゃのきがおくれている). The package's arrival is scheduled for tomorrow「荷物の着は明日です」(にもつのきはあすです). It can also be used in compound words like '到着 (とうちゃく)' (arrival) or '発着 (はっちゃく)' (departure and arrival). Note that '着' can also refer to clothing in other contexts, but this meaning is unrelated and would be represented by a different reading (e.g., '着る (きる)' for 'to wear').

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4922

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Essence, Vitality

Reading

Kanji

精Spirit, Refine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '精 (せい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'essence', referring to the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something. For example: the essence of life「生命の精」(せいめいのせい). The second meaning is 'vitality', referring to the state of being strong and active. For example: he has a lot of vitality「彼は精が溢れている」(かれはせいがあふれている). This word is often used in contexts related to energy, spirit, or the core nature of something. It can also appear in compounds, such as '精神 (せいしん)' meaning 'mind' or 'spirit'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4923

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '変わり (かわり)' means 'change'. It refers to a transformation, alteration, or difference in something. This word is often used to describe a shift in state, condition, or situation. For example: there was a big change in the weather「天気に大きな変わりがあった」(てんきにおおきなかわりがあった). I noticed a change in his attitude「彼の態度に変わりを感じた」(かれのたいどにかわりをかんじた). It can also be used in phrases like '変わりがない (かわりがない)', meaning 'there is no change' or 'it remains the same'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4924

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Teacher

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教員 (きょういん)' refers to a teacher or educator, typically in a formal educational setting such as a school or university. It is a professional term used to describe someone who is employed to teach students. For example: The teacher is preparing for class「教員は授業の準備をしている」(きょういんはじゅぎょうのじゅんびをしている). Our school has many excellent teachers「私たちの学校には多くの優秀な教員がいます」(わたしたちのがっこうにはおおくのゆうしゅうなきょういんがいます). Note that '教員' is more formal than '先生 (せんせい)', which is a more general term for teacher or mentor.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4925

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

City

Reading

Kanji

都Metropolis 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '都会 (とかい)' refers to a 'city' or 'urban area'. It emphasizes the bustling, modern, and metropolitan aspects of a city, often contrasting with rural areas. This term is commonly used to describe the lifestyle, environment, or atmosphere of a city. For example: I prefer the city over the countryside「私は田舎より都会が好きです」(わたしはいなかよりとかいがすきです). The city is full of opportunities「都会にはチャンスがたくさんあります」(とかいにはチャンスがたくさんあります). Note that '都会' carries a nuance of sophistication and modernity, making it distinct from more general terms like '都市 (とし)' which simply means 'city' in a neutral sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4926

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wealth

Reading

Kanji

富Wealth, Rich

Explanation

The Japanese noun '富 (とみ)' refers to 'wealth' or 'riches'. It is used to describe an abundance of valuable possessions, money, or resources. This word can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as material wealth or the wealth of knowledge. For example: He accumulated great wealth「彼は大きな富を築いた」(かれはおおきなとみをきずいた). The wealth of this country is vast「この国の富は大きい」(このくにのとみはおおきい). Note that '富' can also be used in compound words, such as '富国 (ふこく)' meaning 'wealthy nation'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4927

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Turkey

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'トルコ (とるこ)' refers to the country 'Turkey'. It is commonly used in contexts related to geography, culture, or travel. For example: I want to visit Turkey「トルコに行きたい」(とるこにいきたい). Turkish food is delicious「トルコ料理は美味しい」(とるこりょうりはおいしい). The word is written in katakana, as is typical for foreign country names in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

4928

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Watch, Guard

Reading

Kanji

張Spread, Stretch 見See

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見張る (みはる)' means 'to watch' or 'to guard'. It is used to describe the act of keeping a close eye on something or someone, often to prevent danger or ensure safety. This verb is commonly used in contexts involving surveillance, security, or monitoring. For example: The guard is watching the entrance「警備員が入り口を見張っている」(けいびいんがはいりぐちをみはっている). She watched the children playing in the park「彼女は公園で遊んでいる子供たちを見張っていた」(かのじょはこうえんであそんでいるこどもたちをみはっていた). Note that '見張る' can also imply vigilance or alertness, as in watching for potential threats or changes.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4929

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Point

Reading

Kanji

差Difference 指Finger

Explanation

The Japanese verb '指差す (ゆびさす)' means 'to point' or 'to indicate with a finger'. It is used when someone uses their finger to direct attention to something or someone. This verb is commonly used in everyday situations, such as giving directions or identifying objects. For example: He pointed at the map「彼は地図を指差した」(かれはちずをゆびさした). She pointed to the sign「彼女は看板を指差した」(かのじょはかんばんをゆびさした). The verb can also be used metaphorically to indicate something indirectly or to highlight an issue.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4930

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sturdy

Reading

Kanji

頑Stubborn 丈Stout, Length

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '頑丈 (がんじょう)' means 'sturdy' or 'robust'. It is used to describe something that is strongly built, durable, or tough, often referring to physical objects or structures. For example: This table is sturdy「このテーブルは頑丈だ」(このテーブルはがんじょうだ). The bridge is robust「その橋は頑丈だ」(そのはしはがんじょうだ). It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's health or resolve, as in 'He has a sturdy constitution'「彼は頑丈な体を持っている」(かれはがんじょうなからだをもっている).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4931

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Numb

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'しびれる' primarily means 'to go numb' or 'to become numb'. It is often used to describe the physical sensation of numbness, such as when a limb falls asleep due to poor circulation. However, it can also be used metaphorically to describe an overwhelming emotional sensation, such as being moved deeply by something. Example sentences: My leg went numb「足がしびれた」(あしがしびれた). I was deeply moved by the music「その音楽にしびれた」(そのおんがくにしびれた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

4932

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collar

Reading

Kanji

襟Neck, Collar

Explanation

The Japanese noun '襟 (えり)' refers to the collar of a piece of clothing, such as a shirt, jacket, or coat. It is commonly used in fashion and everyday conversation to describe the part of clothing that fits around the neck. For example: This shirt has a stiff collar「このシャツは襟が硬い」(このシャツはえりがかたい). I like the design of this collar「この襟のデザインが好きです」(このえりのデザインがすきです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that resembles a collar in shape or position, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4933

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Outline

Reading

Kanji

筋Muscle, Tendon 粗Coarse, Rough

Explanation

The Japanese noun '粗筋 (あらすじ)' refers to a summary or outline of a story, plot, or event. It is commonly used to describe the main points or general structure of a narrative, such as a book, movie, or play. For example: I read the outline of the novel「小説の粗筋を読んだ」(しょうせつのあらすじをよんだ). The outline of the movie was interesting「映画の粗筋は面白かった」(えいがのあらすじはおもしろかった). This word is often used in contexts where a brief overview or synopsis is needed, such as in reviews, summaries, or introductions to stories.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4934

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sea

Reading

Kanji

海Sea 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '海上 (かいじょう)' refers to the surface of the sea or ocean. It is often used in contexts related to maritime activities, such as shipping, navigation, or events occurring on the water. For example: The ship is sailing on the sea「船は海上を航行している」(ふねはかいじょうをこうこうしている). There was an accident at sea「海上で事故があった」(かいじょうでじこがあった). This term is distinct from '海 (うみ)', which simply means 'sea' or 'ocean', as '海上' specifically emphasizes the surface or area above the water.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4935

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surgery

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外科 (げか)' refers to the medical field of surgery or the surgical department in a hospital. It is used to describe the branch of medicine that involves operative procedures to treat diseases, injuries, or deformities. For example: He works in the surgery department「彼は外科で働いています」(かれはげかではたらいています). I need to visit the surgery department「外科に行く必要があります」(げかにいくひつようがあります). This term is commonly used in medical contexts and is distinct from other medical fields like internal medicine (内科, ないか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4936

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Craft, Manipulation

Reading

Kanji

作Make 工Construction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '工作 (こうさく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'craft', referring to the act of making something by hand or the product of such activity. For example: The children made crafts at school「子供たちは学校で工作をした」(こどもたちはがっこうでこうさくをした). The second meaning is 'manipulation', often used in contexts involving political or social manipulation. For example: The government was accused of political manipulation「政府は政治工作を非難された」(せいふはせいじこうさくをひなんされた). The word can also be used in compound words like '工作員 (こうさくいん)' meaning 'agent' or 'operative', often in espionage contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4937

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sauce

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ソース (sousu)' refers to 'sauce', particularly in the context of cooking or food. It is commonly used to describe various types of sauces, such as Worcestershire sauce, which is a popular condiment in Japan. For example: please add sauce to the dish「料理にソースをかけてください」(りょうりにソースをかけてください). This sauce is delicious「このソースは美味しいです」(このソースはおいしいです). The word is often used in everyday conversation when discussing food preparation or dining.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4938

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Statement

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese noun '表明 (ひょうめい)' means 'statement' or 'declaration'. It refers to the act of clearly expressing one's thoughts, opinions, or intentions, often in a formal or public context. This word is commonly used in political, business, or official settings. For example: The president made a statement「大統領が表明した」(だいとうりょうがひょうめいした). The company issued a declaration of its new policy「会社が新しい方針を表明した」(かいしゃがあたらしいほうしんをひょうめいした). Note that '表明' is often used with verbs like 'する' (to do) or '出す' (to issue) to indicate the act of making a statement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4939

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boom

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ブーム (ぶーむ)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'boom'. It is commonly used to describe a sudden increase in popularity, interest, or activity in a particular area. For example: There is a coffee boom in Japan「日本ではコーヒーブームです」(にほんではこーひーぶーむです). The anime industry is experiencing a boom「アニメ業界はブームです」(あにめぎょうかいはぶーむです). This word is often used in contexts related to trends, economics, or cultural phenomena.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4940

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Go back, Trace back

Reading

Kanji

遡Retrace the past, Go upstream

Explanation

The Japanese verb '遡る (さかのぼる)' primarily means 'to go back' or 'to trace back' in time or to a point of origin. It is often used to describe retracing steps, revisiting past events, or exploring the origins of something. For example: Let's trace back the history of this tradition「この伝統の歴史を遡りましょう」(このでんとうのれきしをさかのぼりましょう). The river flows back to its source「その川は源まで遡る」(そのかわはみなもとまでさかのぼる). This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in describing time, history, or even physical paths.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4941

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Splashing

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'じゃぶじゃぶ (jabujabu)' describes the sound or action of water splashing or sloshing. It is often used to depict the movement of water in a lively or vigorous manner, such as when washing hands, playing in water, or pouring liquid. For example: The water splashed loudly「水がじゃぶじゃぶと音を立てた」(みずがじゃぶじゃぶとおとをたてた). She washed the dishes with a lot of water「彼女はじゃぶじゃぶ水を使って皿を洗った」(かのじょはじゃぶじゃぶみずをつかってさらをあらった). This word is onomatopoeic and conveys a vivid auditory and visual image of water in motion.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4942

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Money

Reading

Kanji

年Year 玉Ball, Jewel

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お年玉 (おとしだま)' refers to money given as a gift, typically during the New Year's holiday. It is a traditional custom in Japan where adults, especially parents and relatives, give money to children in small decorative envelopes called 'ポチ袋 (ぽちぶくろ)'. This practice is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and symbolizes good wishes for the new year. Example sentences: I received New Year's money from my uncle「おじさんからお年玉をもらいました」(おじさんからおとしだまをもらいました). Children are excited to receive New Year's money「子供たちはお年玉をもらうのを楽しみにしています」(こどもたちはおとしだまをもらうのをたのしみにしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4943

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Improvement

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 善Good, Virtuous

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改善 (かいぜん)' means 'improvement'. It refers to the act of making something better or enhancing its quality, often used in contexts like business, processes, or personal development. For example: We need to make improvements to the system「システムの改善が必要です」(システムのかいぜんがひつようです). The company is working on improving its services「会社はサービスの改善に取り組んでいます」(かいしゃはサービスのかいぜんにとりくんでいます). This word is commonly used in professional or formal settings to describe efforts to refine or optimize something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4944

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Friendship

Reading

Kanji

善Good, Virtuous 親Parent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親善 (しんぜん)' refers to 'friendship' or 'goodwill' between people, groups, or nations. It is often used in formal or diplomatic contexts to describe efforts to foster positive relationships and mutual understanding. For example: The event promoted international friendship「そのイベントは国際親善を促進した」(そのイベントはこくさいしんぜんをそくしんした). They exchanged gifts as a gesture of goodwill「彼らは親善の印として贈り物を交換した」(かれらはしんぜんのしるしとしておくりものをこうかんした). The term can also be used in phrases like '親善試合 (しんぜんしあい)', meaning a friendly match or exhibition game.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4945

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mainly

Reading

Kanji

専Exclusive, Specialty

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '専ら (もっぱら)' means 'mainly' or 'primarily'. It is used to indicate that something is done or focused on exclusively or predominantly. This adverb often implies that the subject is concentrating on one particular thing to the exclusion of others. For example: He mainly focuses on his studies「彼は専ら勉強に集中している」(かれはもっぱらべんきょうにしゅうちゅうしている). She mainly eats vegetables「彼女は専ら野菜を食べる」(かのじょはもっぱらやさいをたべる). The word can also carry a nuance of exclusivity or specialization, suggesting that the action or focus is not just primary but almost entirely so.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4946

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

衆Multitude

Explanation

The Japanese noun '衆 (しゅう)' primarily means 'crowd' or 'multitude'. It refers to a large group of people gathered together. This term is often used in formal or literary contexts and can also imply a sense of collectivity or the masses. For example: The crowd cheered loudly「衆は大声で歓声を上げた」(しゅうはおおごえでかんせいをあげた). He addressed the assembled crowd「彼は集まった衆に話しかけた」(かれはあつまったしゅうにはなしかけた). Note that '衆' can sometimes be part of compound words, such as '大衆 (たいしゅう)', which means 'the general public' or 'the masses'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4947

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chopsticks

Reading

Kanji

箸Chopsticks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '箸 (はし)' refers to 'chopsticks', which are utensils used for eating, particularly in East Asian cultures. Chopsticks are typically made of wood, bamboo, metal, or plastic and are used to pick up food. Example sentences: Please pass the chopsticks「箸を取ってください」(はしをとってください). These chopsticks are easy to use「この箸は使いやすいです」(このはしはつかいやすいです). In Japanese culture, proper handling of chopsticks is considered important, and there are specific etiquette rules associated with their use.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4948

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Navy

Reading

Kanji

紺Dark blue, Navy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '紺 (こん)' refers to the color 'navy', a deep, dark shade of blue. It is commonly used to describe clothing, fabrics, or other items that are navy-colored. For example: I bought a navy suit「紺のスーツを買いました」(こんのスーツをかいました). The color of the ocean is navy「海の色は紺です」(うみのいろはこんです). This word is often used in fashion and design contexts to specify colors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4949

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Writing

Reading

Kanji

筆Brush 執Seize, Execute

Explanation

The Japanese noun '執筆 (しっぴつ)' refers to the act of writing, particularly in the context of composing or drafting written works such as articles, essays, or books. It is often used in formal or professional settings to describe the process of creating written content. For example: He is currently writing a novel「彼は現在、小説を執筆中です」(かれはげんざい、しょうせつをしっぴつちゅうです). The author spent years writing this book「その著者はこの本を執筆するのに何年も費やしました」(そのちょしゃはこのほんをしっぴつするのになんねんもついやしました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4950

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recession

Reading

Kanji

況Situation, Condition 不Not

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不況 (ふきょう)' means 'recession'. It refers to a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced. This term is often used in economic discussions or news reports. For example: The country is in a recession「その国は不況です」(そのくにはふきょうです). Many companies went bankrupt during the recession「不況の間に多くの会社が倒産しました」(ふきょうのあいだにおおくのかいしゃがとうさんしました). The word can also be used in compound terms like '不況対策 (ふきょうたいさく)', which means 'recession countermeasures'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4951

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dialect

Reading

Kanji

方Direction 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '方言 (ほうげん)' refers to a regional or local dialect. It is used to describe the unique way of speaking that is specific to a particular area in Japan, which may differ in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar from standard Japanese (標準語, ひょうじゅんご). For example: The Kansai dialect is interesting「関西弁は面白い」(かんさいべんはおもしろい). I can't understand the Tohoku dialect「東北弁が分からない」(とうほくべんがわからない). Dialects are an important part of cultural identity in Japan, and understanding them can provide deeper insight into regional differences and traditions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4952

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vigorously, Freely

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'じゃんじゃん (じゃんじゃん)' is an onomatopoeic expression often used to describe doing something energetically, vigorously, or without hesitation. It can also imply doing something freely or generously. This word is colloquial and frequently used in casual conversations. For example: He spends money freely「彼はお金をじゃんじゃん使う」(かれはおかねをじゃんじゃんつかう). Let's work vigorously「じゃんじゃん働きましょう」(じゃんじゃんはたらきましょう). The nuance of 'じゃんじゃん' often conveys a sense of enthusiasm or abundance in the action being described.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

4953

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Autumn leaves

Reading

Kanji

葉Leaf 紅Crimson

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '紅葉 (こうよう)' refers to the phenomenon of leaves changing color in autumn, often specifically to the vibrant reds and yellows seen in Japanese maple trees. It is also used to describe the act of leaves changing color. This word is deeply tied to the appreciation of seasonal beauty in Japanese culture. Example sentences: The autumn leaves are beautiful「紅葉がきれいです」(こうようがきれいです). Let's go see the autumn leaves「紅葉を見に行きましょう」(こうようをみにいきましょう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4954

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lipstick

Reading

Kanji

口Mouth 紅Crimson

Explanation

The Japanese noun '口紅 (くちべに)' refers to 'lipstick', a cosmetic product applied to the lips to add color or texture. It is commonly used in everyday conversations about makeup and beauty. Example sentences: She bought a new lipstick「彼女は新しい口紅を買った」(かのじょはあたらしいくちべにをかった). This lipstick color is beautiful「この口紅の色はきれい」(このくちべにのいろはきれい). The word is a combination of '口 (くち)', meaning 'mouth', and '紅 (べに)', meaning 'red' or 'crimson', reflecting its traditional association with red pigments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4955

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excavation

Reading

Kanji

土Soil 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出土 (しゅつど)' refers to the act of unearthing or excavating artifacts, remains, or objects from the ground, often in an archaeological context. It is commonly used when discussing discoveries made during archaeological digs. For example: The excavation of ancient pottery was significant「古代の陶器の出土は重要だった」(こだいのとうきのしゅつどはじゅうようだった). Many artifacts were unearthed at the site「その場所で多くの遺物が出土した」(そのばしょでおおくのいぶつがしゅつどした). The term is specific to the context of archaeology and historical discoveries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4956

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stop

Reading

Kanji

止Stop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '止め (とめ)' means 'stop'. It refers to the act of stopping or halting something, or the state of being stopped. This word is often used in contexts where an action, movement, or process is being brought to an end. For example: the train came to a stop「電車が止めになった」(でんしゃがとめになった). Please stop the music「音楽を止めてください」(おんがくをとめてください). It can also be used in martial arts to refer to a finishing move or decisive action, such as '止めを刺す (とめをさす)', which literally means 'to deliver the finishing blow'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4957

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dry

Reading

Kanji

乾Dry

Explanation

The Japanese verb '乾く (かわく)' means 'to dry'. It is used to describe the process of something becoming dry, such as clothes, hair, or the ground after rain. This verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object. For example: the laundry dried「洗濯物が乾いた」(せんたくものがかわいた). The ground dried after the rain「雨の後、地面が乾いた」(あめのあと、じめんがかわいた). Note that '乾く' is often used in contexts where something naturally dries over time, as opposed to actively drying something, which would use the transitive verb '乾かす (かわかす)'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4958

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pickled plum

Reading

Kanji

干Dry 梅Apricot, Plum

Explanation

The Japanese noun '梅干 (うめぼし)' refers to pickled plums, a traditional Japanese food made by pickling ume fruits in salt and drying them. They are known for their sour and salty taste and are often eaten with rice or used as a flavoring in bento boxes. Example sentences: I like pickled plums「梅干が好きです」(うめぼしがすきです). Pickled plums are good for your health「梅干は健康に良いです」(うめぼしはけんこうにいいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4959

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Irritation

Reading

Kanji

苛Bullying

Explanation

The Japanese noun '苛々 (いらいら)' refers to a state of irritation or frustration. It is often used to describe a feeling of being annoyed or impatient, typically due to minor inconveniences or delays. For example: I feel irritated because of the traffic「交通のせいで苛々している」(こうつうのせいでいらいらしている). She gets irritated easily「彼女はすぐに苛々する」(かのじょはすぐにいらいらする). This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to express mild frustration or annoyance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4960

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commoners

Reading

Kanji

民People, Nation 庶Commoner, Manifold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '庶民 (しょみん)' refers to 'commoners' or 'ordinary people'. It is used to describe the general populace, as opposed to the elite or aristocracy. This term often carries a neutral or slightly humble connotation, emphasizing the everyday lives of regular people. For example: The life of commoners is simple「庶民の生活はシンプルだ」(しょみんのせいかつはシンプルだ). Commoners enjoy festivals too「庶民もお祭りを楽しむ」(しょみんもおまつりをたのしむ). The word is commonly used in historical contexts or when discussing social classes, but it can also appear in modern contexts to contrast ordinary people with those in positions of power or wealth.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4961

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheap

Reading

Kanji

安Cheap, Relax

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '安 (あん)' is often used to indicate something is cheap or inexpensive. It is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words that describe affordability. For example: cheap hotel「安ホテル」(やすいホテル). This suffix is widely used in everyday language to refer to budget-friendly options. Another example: cheap food「安い食べ物」(やすいたべもの). Note that '安' can also stand alone as an adjective meaning 'cheap' or 'inexpensive' when used in its full form '安い (やすい)'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4962

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suffice

Reading

Kanji

足Foot, Sufficient

Explanation

The Japanese verb '足る (たる)' means 'to suffice' or 'to be enough'. It is used to indicate that something meets the necessary requirements or is adequate for a particular purpose. This verb is often used in formal or literary contexts. For example: This amount of money is sufficient「この金額で足る」(このきんがくでたる). His explanation suffices「彼の説明で足る」(かれのせつめいでたる). It can also be used in negative forms to indicate insufficiency, as in 'This is not enough「これでは足りない」(これではたりない)'. Note that '足る' is less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to its synonym '足りる (たりる)', which has a similar meaning but is more casual.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4963

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consideration

Reading

Kanji

慮Consider 考Think, Consider

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '考慮 (こうりょ)' means 'consideration'. It refers to the act of carefully thinking about something before making a decision or taking action. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, law, or policy-making. For example: Please take this into consideration「これを考慮してください」(これをこうりょしてください). The committee gave careful consideration to the proposal「委員会はその提案を慎重に考慮した」(いいんかいはそのていあんをしんちょうにこうりょした). It can also be used in everyday situations when discussing thoughtful decision-making.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4964

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Diarrhea

Reading

Kanji

痢Diarrhea, Diarrhoea 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '下痢 (げり)' refers to 'diarrhea', a condition characterized by frequent, loose, or watery bowel movements. It is commonly used in medical or everyday contexts to describe this specific health issue. For example: I have diarrhea「下痢をしています」(げりをしています). He got diarrhea from bad food「彼は悪い食べ物で下痢になった」(かれはわるいたべものでげりになった). This term is straightforward and typically used in both formal and informal settings to describe the condition.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4965

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cliff

Reading

Kanji

崖Cliff

Explanation

The Japanese noun '崖 (がけ)' means 'cliff'. It refers to a steep, vertical or near-vertical rock face, often found near coastlines, mountains, or rivers. This word is commonly used in geographical contexts or to describe dangerous or dramatic landscapes. For example: Be careful near the cliff「崖の近くに気をつけて」(がけのちかくにきをつけて). The house is built on the edge of a cliff「その家は崖の端に建てられている」(そのいえはがけのはしにたてられている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a precarious situation, such as being on the edge of a metaphorical 'cliff'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4966

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not at all

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder 一One

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一向 (いっこう)' is used to emphasize that something is not happening or not being done at all, often in a negative context. It is commonly paired with negative verbs or expressions to convey a strong sense of 'not at all' or 'not in the least.' For example: He is not improving at all「彼は一向に良くならない」(かれはいっこうによくならない). The work is not progressing at all「仕事が一向に進まない」(しごとがいっこうにすすまない). This adverb is often used to express frustration or disappointment when something is not changing or improving despite expectations.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4967

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tatami room

Reading

Kanji

座Sit, Seat 敷Spread, Lay

Explanation

The Japanese noun '座敷 (ざしき)' refers to a traditional Japanese room with tatami flooring. This type of room is commonly found in Japanese homes, inns, and tea houses. It is often used for formal gatherings, tea ceremonies, or as a living space. The term can also imply a sense of formality or traditional Japanese aesthetics. Example sentences: The tatami room is spacious「座敷は広いです」(ざしきはひろいです). We had tea in the tatami room「座敷でお茶を飲みました」(ざしきでおちゃをのみました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4968

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Samurai

Reading

Kanji

侍Attend to, Samurai

Explanation

The Japanese noun '侍 (さむらい)' refers to a 'samurai', a member of the warrior class in feudal Japan. Samurai were known for their strict code of honor, discipline, and martial skills. The term is often associated with loyalty, bravery, and the bushido (the way of the warrior). Example sentences: The samurai fought bravely「侍は勇敢に戦った」(さむらいはゆうかんにたたかった). He is a descendant of a samurai family「彼は侍の家系の子孫です」(かれはさむらいのかけいのしそんです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who embodies the qualities of a samurai, such as honor and discipline.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4969

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trust

Reading

Kanji

信Trust 託Entrust, Consign

Explanation

The Japanese noun '信託 (しんたく)' refers to a 'trust' in the legal or financial sense. It is used to describe a fiduciary relationship where one party (the trustee) holds and manages assets on behalf of another party (the beneficiary). This term is commonly used in contexts involving estate planning, asset management, or legal agreements. For example: He established a trust for his children「彼は子供たちのために信託を設定した」(かれはこどもたちのためにしんたくをせっていした). The assets are managed under a trust「資産は信託のもとで管理されている」(しさんはしんたくのもとでかんりされている). Note that this term is specific to legal or financial contexts and does not refer to the general concept of trust or reliability.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4970

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ステップ (suteppu)' means 'step'. It is a loanword from English, commonly used to refer to a physical step or stair, as well as a step in a process or procedure. For example: Please take a step forward「一歩前にステップを踏んでください」(いっぽまえにステップをふんでください). The next step is to submit the application「次のステップは申請を提出することです」(つぎのステップはしんせいをていしゅつすることです). This word is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4971

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Outside

Reading

Kanji

側Side 外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '外側 (そとがわ)' refers to the 'outside' or 'outer side' of something. It is used to describe the external part or surface of an object, area, or structure. For example: the outside of the box is red「箱の外側は赤い」(はこのそとがわはあかい). Please clean the outside of the window「窓の外側を掃除してください」(まどのそとがわをそうじしてください). This word is often used in contrast to '内側 (うちがわ)', which means 'inside' or 'inner side'. It can also be used metaphorically to describe external appearances or superficial aspects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4972

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Breakfast

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 朝Morning

Explanation

The Japanese noun '朝食 (ちょうしょく)' means 'breakfast'. It refers to the first meal of the day, typically eaten in the morning. This word is more formal compared to the casual term '朝ごはん (あさごはん)'. It is commonly used in written language, formal settings, or when emphasizing the meal's importance. For example: I eat breakfast every morning「私は毎朝朝食を食べます」(わたしはまいあさちょうしょくをたべます). Breakfast is the most important meal of the day「朝食は一日で最も重要な食事です」(ちょうしょくはいちにちでもっともじゅうようなしょくじです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4973

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pink

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ピンク (ぴんく)' refers to the color 'pink'. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe objects, clothing, or anything that is pink in color. For example: I like pink「私はピンクが好きです」(わたしはぴんくがすきです). Her dress is pink「彼女のドレスはピンクです」(かのじょのどれすはぴんくです). The word is straightforward and does not carry additional meanings or nuances beyond its reference to the color.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4974

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crime

Reading

Kanji

犯Crime

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '犯 (はん)' means 'crime' and is used to denote someone who has committed a specific type of crime. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe the perpetrator of a crime. For example: a thief is a '窃盗犯 (せっとうはん)'. A murderer is a '殺人犯 (さつじんはん)'. This suffix is commonly used in legal and news contexts to specify the nature of the crime committed. Example sentences: The police arrested the thief「警察は窃盗犯を逮捕した」(けいさつはせっとうはんをたいほした). The murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment「殺人犯は終身刑を宣告された」(さつじんはんはしゅうしんけいをせんこくされた).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4975

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Topple

Reading

Kanji

倒Topple, Overthrow

Explanation

The Japanese verb '倒す (たおす)' primarily means 'to topple' or 'to knock down'. It is used to describe the action of causing something or someone to fall over, either physically or metaphorically. For example: He toppled the opponent in the match「彼は試合で相手を倒した」(かれはしあいであいてをたおした). The storm toppled the trees「嵐が木を倒した」(あらしがきをたおした). Additionally, '倒す' can be used in a figurative sense, such as defeating an enemy or overcoming a challenge. For example: They toppled the corrupt government「彼らは腐敗した政府を倒した」(かれらはふはいしたせいふをたおした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4976

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Takeout

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 持Hold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '持ち出す (もちだす)' primarily means 'to take out' or 'to carry out'. It is used when referring to physically removing something from a place, such as taking an item out of a bag or carrying furniture out of a room. It can also be used metaphorically to describe bringing up a topic or issue in conversation. For example: I took the book out of my bag「本をバッグから持ち出した」(ほんをバッグからもちだした). He brought up an important issue during the meeting「彼は会議中に重要な問題を持ち出した」(かれはかいぎちゅうにじゅうようなもんだいをもちだした). The verb is often used in contexts where something is being moved from one place to another, either physically or conceptually.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4977

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strait

Reading

Kanji

峡Gorge, Ravine 海Sea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '海峡 (かいきょう)' refers to a 'strait', which is a narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water. This term is often used in geographical contexts to describe natural waterways. For example: The strait is very narrow「その海峡はとても狭い」(そのかいきょうはとてもせまい). Ships pass through the strait「船が海峡を通る」(ふねがかいきょうをとおる). The word is commonly used in discussions about geography, navigation, and marine environments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4978

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cunning, Sly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ずるがしこい (zurugashikoi)' describes someone who is sly or cunning, often in a clever or deceitful way. It carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that the person is crafty or manipulative. For example: he is sly「彼はずるがしこい」(かれはずるがしこい). The fox is cunning「その狐はずるがしこい」(そのきつねはずるがしこい). This word is often used to describe people or animals who use cleverness to achieve their goals, sometimes at the expense of others.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

4979

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entertainment

Reading

Kanji

娯Enjoyment, Recreation 楽Music, Pleasure

Explanation

The Japanese noun '娯楽 (ごらく)' refers to 'entertainment' or 'amusement'. It is used to describe activities or forms of enjoyment that provide pleasure or relaxation. This word is often used in contexts related to leisure, such as movies, games, or recreational activities. For example: watching movies is a form of entertainment「映画を見ることは娯楽です」(えいがをみることはごらくです). This park is a place for entertainment「この公園は娯楽の場所です」(このこうえんはごらくのばしょです). The term can also be used in a broader sense to describe anything that brings joy or diversion from daily routines.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4980

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Creature

Reading

Kanji

生Life 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '生き物 (いきもの)' refers to a living being or creature. It is a general term that can be used to describe any living organism, including animals, plants, and sometimes even humans in a poetic or philosophical context. The word emphasizes the aspect of life and vitality. For example: There are many creatures in the forest「森にはたくさんの生き物がいる」(もりにはたくさんのいきものがいる). I love all creatures「私はすべての生き物が好きです」(わたしはすべてのいきものがすきです). This word is often used in contexts discussing nature, biology, or the environment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4981

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inheritance

Reading

Kanji

産Give birth 遺Leave behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遺産 (いさん)' primarily refers to 'inheritance' or 'legacy'. It is commonly used in legal and personal contexts to denote property, money, or assets left behind by someone after their death. It can also refer to cultural or historical legacies. For example: he received a large inheritance「彼は大きな遺産を受け取った」(かれはおおきないさんをうけとった). This temple is a cultural heritage「この寺は文化遺産です」(このてらはぶんかいさんです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe intangible legacies, such as knowledge or traditions passed down through generations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moisture

Reading

Kanji

水Water 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水分 (すいぶん)' refers to 'moisture' or 'water content'. It is commonly used to describe the amount of water present in something, such as food, the air, or the human body. For example: This fruit has a lot of moisture「この果物は水分が多い」(このくだものはすいぶんがおおい). It's important to stay hydrated「水分を取ることが大切です」(すいぶんをとることがたいせつです). The word can also be used in scientific or technical contexts to discuss water content in materials or environments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4983

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Typhoon

Reading

Kanji

台Pedestal, Machine 風Wind, Style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '台風 (たいふう)' refers to a 'typhoon', which is a tropical cyclone occurring in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. This term is specifically used in the context of weather and natural disasters. For example: The typhoon is approaching「台風が近づいている」(たいふうがちかづいている). We should prepare for the typhoon「台風に備えるべきだ」(たいふうにそなえるべきだ). It's important to note that '台風' is a common term in Japan due to the country's geographical location, which makes it prone to such weather phenomena.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4984

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fishing

Reading

Kanji

釣Fish, Fishing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '釣り (つり)' means 'fishing'. This term refers to the activity of catching fish, typically using a rod, line, and hook. It can be used in various contexts, such as recreational fishing, commercial fishing, or even metaphorically. For example: I enjoy fishing「私は釣りが好きです」(わたしはつりがすきです). He went fishing at the lake「彼は湖で釣りをしました」(かれはみずうみでつりをしました). Additionally, '釣り' can sometimes be used in idiomatic expressions or slang, but its primary meaning remains related to the act of fishing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4985

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crazy, Broken

Reading

Kanji

狂Crazy, Lunatic

Explanation

The Japanese verb '狂う (くるう)' can have two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'crazy', referring to a state of mental instability or irrational behavior. For example: he went crazy「彼は狂った」(かれはくるった). The second meaning is 'broken', referring to something that is out of order or not functioning correctly. For example: the clock is broken「時計が狂っている」(とけいがくるっている). The context in which this verb is used will determine which meaning is intended. It's important to note that '狂う' can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or plans that have gone awry.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4986

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Take, Withdraw

Reading

Kanji

取Take 引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き取る (ひきとる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to take' or 'to take in', often used in contexts where someone takes responsibility for something or someone, such as taking in a stray animal or accepting a package. For example: I took in the stray cat「私はその野良猫を引き取った」(わたしはそののらねこをひきとった). The second meaning is 'to withdraw' or 'to retire', used in contexts where someone steps back or retreats from a situation. For example: He withdrew from the meeting「彼は会議から引き取った」(かれはかいぎからひきとった). The verb can also imply a sense of responsibility or care, especially in the first meaning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4987

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lamp, Fluorescent

Reading

Kanji

灯Light, Lamp 蛍Firefly 光Light

Explanation

The Japanese noun '蛍光灯 (けいこうとう)' refers to a 'fluorescent lamp'. This term is commonly used to describe the type of lighting that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. It is often found in offices, schools, and homes due to its energy efficiency. For example: The fluorescent lamp is bright「蛍光灯が明るい」(けいこうとうがあかるい). I replaced the fluorescent lamp「蛍光灯を交換した」(けいこうとうをこうかんした). Note that while '蛍光灯' specifically refers to fluorescent lamps, it can sometimes be shortened to just '蛍光灯' in casual conversation, but the full term is more precise.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4988

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conductor

Reading

Kanji

掌Palm, Manipulate 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車掌 (しゃしょう)' refers to a 'conductor', specifically a train conductor. This term is used to describe the person responsible for managing the operation of a train, ensuring passenger safety, and handling tickets. For example: The conductor announced the next station「車掌が次の駅を案内しました」(しゃしょうがつぎのえきをあんないしました). The conductor checked the tickets「車掌が切符を確認しました」(しゃしょうがきっぷをかくにんしました). This word is commonly used in the context of public transportation, particularly trains.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4989

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scorn

Reading

Kanji

軽Lightly 蔑Neglect, Scorn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '軽蔑 (けいべつ)' means 'scorn' or 'contempt'. It refers to a feeling of disdain or disrespect towards someone or something considered inferior or unworthy. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts to describe a strong negative attitude. For example: He looked at me with scorn「彼は軽蔑の目で私を見た」(かれはけいべつのめでわたしをみた). She felt contempt for his dishonesty「彼女は彼の不誠実さに軽蔑を感じた」(かのじょはかれのふせいじつさにけいべつをかんじた). The word can also be used in phrases like '軽蔑する (けいべつする)', which means 'to scorn' or 'to despise'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4990

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Village, Settlement

Reading

Kanji

落Fall 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese noun '集落 (しゅうらく)' refers to a small community or group of houses, typically in a rural area. It can be translated as 'village' or 'settlement'. This term is often used to describe a small, clustered group of dwellings, often in a remote or less urbanized area. For example: The village is surrounded by mountains「その集落は山に囲まれている」(そのしゅうらくはやまにかこまれている). The settlement was established centuries ago「その集落は何世紀も前に作られた」(そのしゅうらくはなんせいきもまえにつくられた). Note that '集落' emphasizes the physical grouping of houses or buildings, rather than the administrative or cultural aspects of a community.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4991

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sofa

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ソファー (sofaa)' refers to a 'sofa' or 'couch', which is a piece of furniture designed for seating multiple people. It is a loanword from English, and its usage is common in modern Japanese. Sofas are typically found in living rooms and are used for relaxation or socializing. Example sentences: I bought a new sofa「新しいソファーを買いました」(あたらしいソファーをかいました). The cat is sleeping on the sofa「猫がソファーで寝ています」(ねこがソファーでねています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

4992

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clothes

Reading

Kanji

服Obey, Clothing 洋Ocean, Western style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洋服 (ようふく)' refers to 'Western-style clothes' or simply 'clothes' in a general sense. This term is used to distinguish Western-style clothing from traditional Japanese attire like kimono or yukata. It is commonly used in everyday conversation when referring to clothing items such as shirts, pants, dresses, and suits. For example: I bought new clothes「新しい洋服を買いました」(あたらしいようふくをかいました). She is wearing beautiful clothes「彼女はきれいな洋服を着ています」(かのじょはきれいなようふくをきています). The term is widely understood and used in modern Japanese society, where Western-style clothing is the norm.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4993

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serve

Reading

Kanji

仕Serve

Explanation

The Japanese verb '仕える (つかえる)' means 'to serve'. It is used to describe the act of serving someone, often in a formal or respectful context, such as serving a master, a superior, or a deity. It can also imply loyalty and dedication. For example: He serves the king「彼は王に仕える」(かれはおうにつかえる). She serves at the temple「彼女は寺に仕える」(かのじょはてらにつかえる). The verb is often used in contexts involving duty, hierarchy, or religious service.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4994

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Performance

Reading

Kanji

奏Play music 演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '演奏 (えんそう)' refers to the act of performing music, typically on an instrument or as part of an ensemble. It is commonly used in contexts involving concerts, recitals, or any musical presentation. For example: The piano performance was beautiful「ピアノの演奏は美しかった」(ぴあののえんそうはうつくしかった). I will attend a violin performance tomorrow「明日、バイオリンの演奏を聴きに行きます」(あした、ばいおりんのえんそうをききにいきます). This word is often associated with formal or artistic settings and emphasizes the act of playing music rather than just listening to it.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4995

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Luxury, Extravagance

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ぜいたく (zeitaku)' refers to luxury or extravagance. It describes something that is indulgent, lavish, or beyond what is necessary. This word often carries a nuance of excess or wastefulness, and it can be used in both positive and negative contexts depending on the situation. For example: Living in luxury is nice, but it's not necessary「ぜいたくに暮らすのはいいけど、必要じゃない」(ぜいたくにくらすのはいいけど、ひつようじゃない). Don't be so extravagant with your money「お金をぜいたくに使わないで」(おかねをぜいたくにつかわないで). The word can also describe actions or behaviors that are overly indulgent, such as spending too much on unnecessary items.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

4996

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cramped, Restrictive

Reading

Kanji

窮Hard up, Be in extremity 屈Crouch, Yield

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '窮屈 (きゅうくつ)' primarily conveys a sense of physical or emotional tightness, restriction, or discomfort. It can describe something physically cramped, such as a small space, or something emotionally or socially restrictive, like rigid rules or expectations. For example: These shoes feel tight「この靴は窮屈だ」(このくつはきゅうくつだ). The rules here are too restrictive「ここのルールは窮屈すぎる」(ここのルールはきゅうくつすぎる). The nuance of '窮屈' often implies a feeling of being constrained or unable to move freely, whether physically or metaphorically.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4997

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pearl

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 珠Ball, Pearl

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真珠 (しんじゅ)' refers to a 'pearl', which is a hard, rounded object formed within the shell of a pearl oyster or similar mollusk. Pearls are highly valued as gemstones and are often used in jewelry. The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something precious or rare. Example sentences: She wore a beautiful pearl necklace「彼女は美しい真珠のネックレスを身につけていた」(かのじょはうつくしいしんじゅのネックレスをみにつけていた). The pearl is a symbol of purity「真珠は純潔の象徴です」(しんじゅはじゅんけつのしょうちょうです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4998

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Residence

Reading

Kanji

住Live

Explanation

The Japanese noun '住まい (すまい)' refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house, apartment, or dwelling. It is a formal or polite way to refer to someone's home or residence. For example: Her residence is in Tokyo「彼女の住まいは東京です」(かのじょのすまいはとうきょうです). This word is often used in formal contexts or when discussing someone's living situation respectfully. It can also imply a sense of permanence or stability in one's living arrangements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4999

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bullet

Reading

Kanji

弾Bullet, Projectile

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弾 (たま)' primarily means 'bullet'. It refers to the projectile fired from a gun. This word is commonly used in contexts related to firearms, shooting, or ammunition. For example: The bullet hit the target「弾が的に当たった」(たまがまとにあたった). He loaded the gun with bullets「彼は銃に弾を込めた」(かれはじゅうにたまをこめた). While '弾' can also mean 'ball' in some contexts (e.g., 玉/たま), this meaning is less common and typically written with a different kanji (玉). The focus here is on the 'bullet' meaning, as it is the primary and most distinct usage of '弾 (たま)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5000

Composition

kanji

Handwriting