Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Management

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'マネージメント (まねーじめんと)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'management'. It refers to the process of managing or controlling something, such as a business, organization, or team. This term is commonly used in professional and corporate settings. For example: good management is essential「良いマネージメントは重要です」(よいまねーじめんとはじゅうようです). He is in charge of project management「彼はプロジェクトマネージメントを担当しています」(かれはぷろじぇくとまねーじめんとをたんとうしています). The word is often used in contexts related to business administration, leadership, and organizational operations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5001

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noun

Reading

Kanji

名Name 詞Poetry, Words

Explanation

The Japanese noun '名詞 (めいし)' refers to a part of speech in grammar, specifically a 'noun'. Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas. In Japanese, nouns do not change form based on number or gender, unlike in some other languages. For example: This is a noun「これは名詞です」(これはめいしです). In Japanese, nouns are often used with particles like 'は' or 'が' to indicate the subject or topic of a sentence. For instance: The word 'cat' is a noun「'猫'は名詞です」('ねこ'はめいしです). Understanding nouns is fundamental to mastering Japanese grammar, as they form the backbone of most sentences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5002

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ring

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'リン (rin)' means 'ring'. This word is often used to refer to a circular band, typically made of metal, worn as jewelry. It can also refer to a circular object or shape in general. For example: she wears a beautiful ring「彼女は美しいリンをしている」(かのじょはうつくしいリンをしている). The ring on the table is mine「テーブルの上のリンは私のです」(テーブルのうえのリンはわたしのです). The word 'リン' is a direct borrowing from the English word 'ring', and it is commonly used in contexts related to jewelry, sports (like boxing rings), or circular objects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5003

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entangle

Reading

Kanji

絡Entwine, Interlink

Explanation

The Japanese verb '絡む (からむ)' primarily means 'to entangle' or 'to get tangled'. It is used to describe situations where things become intertwined or complicated, either physically or metaphorically. For example: The thread got tangled「糸が絡んだ」(いとがからんだ). He always complicates things「彼はいつも話を絡ませる」(かれはいつもはなしをからませる). This verb can also imply involvement or interference, as in 'He got involved in the matter'「彼はその問題に絡んだ」(かれはそのもんだいにからんだ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5004

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vase

Reading

Kanji

花Flower 瓶Bottle, Jar

Explanation

The Japanese noun '花瓶 (かびん)' refers to a 'vase', which is a container typically used to hold flowers or decorative arrangements. It is commonly found in homes, gardens, and formal settings like tea ceremonies. For example: The vase is on the table「花瓶はテーブルの上にあります」(かびんはテーブルのうえにあります). She bought a beautiful vase「彼女は美しい花瓶を買いました」(かのじょはうつくしいかびんをかいました). The word is often used in contexts related to aesthetics, decoration, and traditional Japanese culture.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5005

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beggar

Reading

Kanji

乞Beg 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乞食 (こじき)' refers to a 'beggar', someone who asks for money or food as charity. This term is often used in historical or literary contexts and can carry a somewhat archaic or harsh tone. It is important to note that this word is not commonly used in modern, polite conversation, as it may be considered derogatory. Example sentences: The beggar sat by the temple「乞食が寺のそばに座っていた」(こじきがてらのそばにすわっていた). He gave some money to the beggar「彼は乞食にお金をあげた」(かれはこじきにおかねをあげた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5006

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'がくんと' describes a sudden, abrupt, or noticeable movement or change, often implying a physical or emotional jolt. It is commonly used to depict actions like tilting, leaning, or dropping suddenly, or to describe a sudden emotional shift. For example: The train suddenly tilted「電車ががくんと傾いた」(でんしゃががくんとかたむいた). His head dropped suddenly「彼の頭ががくんと下がった」(かれのあたまががくんとさがった). It can also describe a sudden emotional reaction, such as feeling shocked or overwhelmed: My heart sank suddenly「胸ががくんとした」(むねががくんとした).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

5007

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early

Reading

Kanji

早Early, Fast 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese noun '早期 (そうき)' means 'early' and is often used to refer to the early stages of something, such as a period, phase, or condition. It is commonly used in contexts like early detection, early treatment, or early stages of development. For example: early detection of cancer「がんの早期発見」(がんのそうきはっけん). Early treatment is important「早期治療が重要です」(そうきちりょうがじゅうようです). The word emphasizes the importance of acting or identifying something in its initial stages.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5008

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strengthen, Harden

Reading

Kanji

固Hard

Explanation

The Japanese verb '固める (かためる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to harden', which refers to making something physically solid or firm, such as cement or clay. The second meaning is 'to strengthen' or 'to solidify', often used in abstract contexts like relationships, plans, or resolve. For example: The cement hardened「セメントが固まった」(セメントがかたまった). She strengthened her resolve「彼女は決意を固めた」(かのじょはけついをかためた). Note that this verb can also imply making something more secure or stable, such as '固める計画 (かためるけいかく)' (to solidify a plan).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5009

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practice

Reading

Kanji

稽Think, Consider 古Old

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '稽古 (けいこ)' primarily means 'practice' or 'training'. It is commonly used in contexts related to learning or perfecting a skill, such as martial arts, traditional arts, or performing arts. For example: I have kendo practice today「今日は剣道の稽古があります」(きょうはけんどうのけいこがあります). She is practicing the tea ceremony「彼女は茶道の稽古をしています」(かのじょはさどうのけいこをしています). The word often carries a nuance of disciplined, repetitive training aimed at mastery, and it is frequently used in traditional or artistic contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5010

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kabuki

Reading

Kanji

歌Song 舞Dance 伎Deed

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歌舞伎 (かぶき)' refers to 'kabuki', a traditional form of Japanese theater known for its stylized drama, elaborate makeup, and costumes. Kabuki performances often depict historical events, moral conflicts, love stories, and other dramatic themes. It is one of Japan's most iconic cultural arts, dating back to the early 17th century. Example sentences: I watched kabuki yesterday「昨日、歌舞伎を見ました」(きのう、かぶきをみました). Kabuki is fascinating「歌舞伎は魅力的です」(かぶきはみりょくてきです). Kabuki actors are highly skilled「歌舞伎の役者は非常に熟練しています」(かぶきのやくしゃはひじょうにじゅくれんしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5011

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Toy

Reading

Kanji

玩Toy 具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese noun '玩具 (おもちゃ)' means 'toy'. This word refers to objects designed for children to play with, such as dolls, cars, or puzzles. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something treated as a trivial or unimportant matter. For example: The child is playing with a toy「子供が玩具で遊んでいる」(こどもがおもちゃであそんでいる). Don't treat me like a toy「私を玩具のように扱わないで」(わたしをおもちゃのようにあつかわないで). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is neutral in tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5012

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Afterlife

Reading

Kanji

死Death 後After, Behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '死後 (しご)' refers to the state or period after death, commonly translated as 'afterlife'. It is used in contexts discussing life after death, spiritual beliefs, or philosophical discussions about existence beyond physical death. For example: He believed in the afterlife「彼は死後を信じていた」(かれはしごをしんじていた). The concept of the afterlife varies across cultures「死後の概念は文化によって異なる」(しごのがいねんはぶんかによってことなる). This term is often used in religious, spiritual, or philosophical contexts and carries a formal tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5013

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Characteristic

Reading

Kanji

特Special 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '特性 (とくせい)' means 'characteristic' or 'property'. It refers to a distinctive feature or quality that defines something or someone. This word is often used in scientific, technical, or descriptive contexts to highlight specific attributes. For example: the characteristics of this material are unique「この材料の特性はユニークです」(このざいりょうのとくせいはユニークです). Each animal has its own characteristics「それぞれの動物には独自の特性がある」(それぞれのどうぶつにはどくじのとくせいがある). The word can also be used in abstract contexts, such as describing personality traits or inherent qualities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5014

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collapse, Failure

Reading

Kanji

破Break, Tear 綻Come apart at the seams

Explanation

The Japanese noun '破綻 (はたん)' refers to a collapse or failure, often in the context of systems, plans, or relationships. It implies a breakdown or disintegration of something that was previously functioning. For example: the plan ended in failure「その計画は破綻した」(そのけいかくははたんした). Their marriage fell apart「彼らの結婚は破綻した」(かれらのけっこんははたんした). This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts to describe significant failures or collapses.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5015

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Education

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文部 (もんぶ)' refers to matters related to education, culture, or academic affairs. Historically, it was associated with government ministries or departments overseeing education and culture. For example: the Ministry of Education「文部省」(もんぶしょう). The term is often used in formal or historical contexts. Note that '文部' is not commonly used in everyday conversation but may appear in official or academic settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5016

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmony

Reading

Kanji

和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese noun '和 (わ)' primarily means 'harmony'. It refers to a state of peaceful coexistence, balance, or agreement, often used in contexts involving relationships, society, or art. For example: harmony between people「人々の和」(ひとびとのわ). This word is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, emphasizing the importance of unity and cooperation. It can also refer to traditional Japanese style, as in '和風 (わふう)', meaning 'Japanese style'. Another example: the harmony of nature「自然の和」(しぜんのわ). Note that while '和' can sometimes refer to 'Japan' or 'Japanese', this usage is more abstract and context-dependent, often tied to cultural or historical references.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5017

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hurt

Reading

Kanji

痛Pain

Explanation

The Japanese verb '痛む (いたむ)' means 'to hurt' or 'to feel pain'. It is used to describe physical pain, emotional pain, or even the deterioration of objects. For example: my head hurts「頭が痛む」(あたまがいたむ). Her heart ached when she heard the news「その知らせを聞いて、彼女の心が痛んだ」(そのしらせをきいて、かのじょのこころがいたんだ). The old book is deteriorating「古い本が痛んでいる」(ふるいほんがいたんでいる). This verb can be used for both animate and inanimate subjects, making it versatile in describing various types of pain or damage.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5018

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Base

Reading

Kanji

踏Step on, Step

Explanation

The Japanese verb '踏まえる (ふまえる)' means 'to base' or 'to ground' something on a particular foundation or premise. It is often used in contexts where decisions, arguments, or actions are founded on specific facts, principles, or circumstances. For example: The plan is based on accurate data「その計画は正確なデータに踏まえている」(そのけいかくはせいかくなデータにふまえている). His opinion is grounded in experience「彼の意見は経験に踏まえている」(かれのいけんはけいけんにふまえている). The verb can also imply a sense of taking something into account or considering it as a basis for further action.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5019

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Turn

Reading

Kanji

振Shake, Swing 向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese verb '振り向く (ふりむく)' means 'to turn' or 'to look back'. It is used when someone turns their head or body to face a different direction, often in response to a sound or call. This verb can also carry a metaphorical meaning, such as reconsidering a past decision or reflecting on something. For example: She turned when I called her name「私が名前を呼ぶと彼女は振り向いた」(わたしがなまえをよぶとかのじょはふりむいた). He looked back at his childhood memories「彼は子供時代の思い出に振り向いた」(かれはこどものじだいのおもいでにふりむいた). Note that this verb is often used in contexts involving physical movement or emotional reflection.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5020

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sparkle

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'きらりと (kirarito)' describes a brief, sparkling, or glimmering light. It is often used to depict something shining or reflecting light momentarily, such as a jewel, a star, or even a person's eyes. This word carries a poetic nuance and is frequently used in literary or descriptive contexts. Example sentences: The diamond sparkled「ダイヤモンドがきらりと光った」(ダイヤモンドがきらりとかがやいた). Her eyes sparkled with joy「彼女の目がきらりと輝いた」(かのじょのめがきらりとかがやいた).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

5021

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Longing

Reading

Kanji

憧Yearn, Long for

Explanation

The Japanese noun '憧れ (あこがれ)' refers to a feeling of longing or yearning, often for something or someone that is admired or idealized. It conveys a sense of aspiration or desire for something unattainable or distant. This word is commonly used to describe admiration for a person, a lifestyle, or a dream. For example: I have a longing for Paris「私はパリに憧れている」(わたしはパリにあこがれている). She has always had a longing to become a singer「彼女は歌手になることに憧れていた」(かのじょはかしゅになることにあこがれていた). The nuance of '憧れ' often carries a positive and romanticized tone, emphasizing the beauty or allure of the object of desire.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5022

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Authorities

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 局Bureau

Explanation

The Japanese noun '当局 (とうきょく)' refers to 'authorities' or 'the relevant authorities'. It is commonly used to describe government bodies, administrative organizations, or officials in charge of a specific matter. This term is often used in formal or official contexts. For example: The authorities are investigating the incident「当局はその事件を調査中です」(とうきょくはそのじけんをちょうさちゅうです). The local authorities issued a warning「地元当局は警告を発しました」(じもととうきょくはけいこくをはっしました). The word is neutral in tone and does not carry any inherent positive or negative connotations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5023

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Concern

Reading

Kanji

係Person in charge, Connection

Explanation

The Japanese verb '係る (かかる)' means 'to concern' or 'to relate to'. It is used to indicate that something is connected to or involves a particular matter or subject. This verb is often used in formal or official contexts. For example: This issue concerns everyone「この問題は皆に係る」(このもんだいはみなにかかる). The decision relates to the company's future「その決定は会社の将来に係る」(そのけっていはかいしゃのしょうらいにかかる). Note that '係る' is typically used in written or formal speech, and in casual conversation, other verbs like '関係する (かんけいする)' might be more common.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5024

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yearn

Reading

Kanji

憧Yearn, Long for

Explanation

The Japanese verb '憧れる (あこがれる)' means 'to yearn' or 'to long for'. It is used to express a deep admiration or desire for something or someone, often with a sense of idealization. This verb is commonly used when talking about aspirations, dreams, or admiration for a person, lifestyle, or achievement. For example: I yearn to become a musician「私はミュージシャンに憧れている」(わたしはミュージシャンにあこがれている). She yearns for a life in Paris「彼女はパリでの生活に憧れている」(かのじょはパリでのせいかつにあこがれている). The verb often carries a nuance of something being slightly out of reach or idealized.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5025

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drown

Reading

Kanji

溺Drown, Indulge

Explanation

The Japanese verb '溺れる (おぼれる)' primarily means 'to drown'. It refers to the act of being submerged in water and unable to breathe, often leading to suffocation. However, it can also be used metaphorically to describe being overwhelmed by emotions or circumstances. For example: He drowned in the river「彼は川で溺れた」(かれはかわでおぼれた). She is drowning in work「彼女は仕事に溺れている」(かのじょはしごとにおぼれている). The verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in expressing situations of being overwhelmed or consumed.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5026

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gulp

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ごくんと (ごくんと)' is an onomatopoeic expression that describes the sound or action of swallowing or gulping something down, often in one go. It is commonly used to depict drinking or eating quickly, especially in contexts like drinking water, medicine, or alcohol. For example: He gulped down the water「彼は水をごくんと飲んだ」(かれはみずをごくんとのんだ). She swallowed the medicine in one gulp「彼女は薬をごくんと飲み込んだ」(かのじょはくすりをごくんとのみこんだ). This word is often used in casual or descriptive contexts to emphasize the act of swallowing.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

5027

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Christmas

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'クリスマス (kurisumasu)' refers to the holiday 'Christmas'. It is a borrowed word from English, reflecting the cultural adoption of Christmas celebrations in Japan. In Japan, Christmas is often celebrated with decorations, illuminations, and special meals, though it is not a national holiday and is more of a commercial and romantic event rather than a religious one. Example sentences: I love Christmas「クリスマスが大好きです」(くりすますがだいすきです). We will have a party on Christmas「クリスマスにパーティーをします」(くりすますにぱーてぃーをします).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5028

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Left

Reading

Kanji

放Release

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '放し (はなす)' is used to indicate that something is left in a particular state or condition, often implying neglect or abandonment. It is commonly attached to verbs to form compound words. For example: the door was left open「ドアが開け放しだった」(ドアがあけはなしだった). The lights were left on「電気がつけ放しだった」(でんきがつけはなしだった). This suffix can also imply a sense of carelessness or lack of attention to the state of something.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5029

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Neglect

Reading

Kanji

御Honorable, General honorific term 無Nothing 沙Sand 汰Select

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '御無沙汰 (ごぶさた)' refers to the act of neglecting to contact someone or not being in touch for a long time. It is often used in polite expressions to apologize for not having been in contact. For example: I'm sorry for not being in touch「ご無沙汰しております」(ごぶさたしております). It's been a long time since we last met「久しぶりに会いましたね」(ひさしぶりにあいましたね). This term is commonly used in formal or semi-formal contexts to express regret for not maintaining communication.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5030

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nationality

Reading

Kanji

国Country 籍Enroll, Register

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国籍 (こくせき)' refers to the legal status of belonging to a particular nation or country. It is commonly used in contexts related to citizenship, legal documents, or discussions about one's country of origin. For example: What is your nationality?「あなたの国籍は何ですか？」(あなたのこくせきはなんですか？). He has dual nationality「彼は二重国籍を持っています」(かれはにじゅうこくせきをもっています). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5031

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Border

Reading

Kanji

国Country 境Boundary, Border

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国境 (こっきょう)' refers to the boundary or border between two countries. It is commonly used in contexts related to geography, politics, or travel. For example: The border between Japan and Russia is heavily guarded「日本とロシアの国境は厳重に警備されている」(にほんとロシアのこっきょうはげんじゅうにけいびされている). They crossed the border at night「彼らは夜に国境を越えた」(かれらはよるにこっきょうをこえた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe boundaries or limits in non-physical contexts, such as cultural or ideological borders.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5032

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Evolution

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese noun '進化 (しんか)' means 'evolution'. It refers to the process of gradual development or change, often used in biological contexts to describe the development of species over time. However, it can also be applied to non-biological contexts, such as technological or societal progress. For example: the evolution of technology「技術の進化」(ぎじゅつのしんか). The evolution of species「種の進化」(しゅのしんか). This word is commonly used in scientific discussions, but it can also appear in everyday conversations to describe progress or improvement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5033

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Violation, Infringement

Reading

Kanji

侵Invade 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '侵害 (しんがい)' refers to the act of infringing or violating something, such as rights, laws, or boundaries. It is often used in legal or formal contexts to describe unauthorized actions that breach established rules or entitlements. For example: copyright infringement「著作権の侵害」(ちょさくけんのしんがい). Violation of privacy「プライバシーの侵害」(ぷらいばしーのしんがい). This term carries a strong connotation of wrongdoing and is typically used in serious or professional discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5034

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Valve, Speech

Reading

Kanji

弁Valve, Dialect

Explanation

The Japanese noun '弁 (べん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'valve', referring to a device that regulates the flow of a fluid, such as in machinery or anatomy. For example: The valve is broken「弁が壊れている」(べんがこわれている). The second meaning is 'speech' or 'argument', often used in formal or legal contexts. For example: He gave a passionate speech「彼は熱弁をふるった」(かれはねつべんをふるった). It's important to note that the context in which '弁' is used will determine its meaning, as these two definitions are unrelated.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5035

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Favorable

Reading

Kanji

好Like, Fond

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '好 (こう)' is used to indicate something that is favorable, liked, or preferred. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that express a positive inclination or preference towards something. For example: '好評 (こうひょう)' means 'favorable reputation' or 'popularity', and '好意 (こうい)' means 'goodwill' or 'kindness'. Example sentences: The new product received favorable reviews「新製品は好評だった」(しんせいひんはこうひょうだった). He showed goodwill towards his colleagues「彼は同僚に好意を示した」(かれはどうりょうにこういをしめした).

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5036

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End, Die

Reading

Kanji

果Fruit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '果てる (はてる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to end' or 'to come to an end', often used to describe the conclusion of events, situations, or processes. The second meaning is 'to die', which is a more poetic or literary usage, often implying a final or irreversible end. For example: The meeting came to an end「会議が果てた」(かいぎがはてた). The old man passed away「老人は果てた」(ろうじんははてた). This verb carries a sense of finality and is often used in more formal or dramatic contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5037

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vague

Reading

Kanji

曖Dark, Not clear 昧Dark, Foolish

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '曖昧 (あいまい)' means 'vague' or 'ambiguous'. It is used to describe something that is unclear, not well-defined, or open to interpretation. This word can be applied to statements, ideas, situations, or even feelings. For example: His explanation was vague「彼の説明は曖昧だった」(かれのせつめいはあいまいだった). The meaning of this sentence is ambiguous「この文の意味は曖昧だ」(このぶんのいみはあいまいだ). '曖昧' often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying a lack of clarity or precision. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5038

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cowardly

Reading

Kanji

臆Cowardice 病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '臆病 (おくびょう)' means 'cowardly'. It is used to describe someone who lacks courage or is easily frightened. This term often carries a negative connotation, implying timidity or fearfulness in situations where bravery is expected. For example: he is too cowardly to face the challenge「彼は臆病でその挑戦に立ち向かえない」(かれはおくびょうでそのちょうせんにたちむかえない). Don't be so cowardly!「そんなに臆病にならないで！」(そんなにおくびょうにならないで！). The word can also describe a cautious or overly timid approach to something, such as 'a cowardly attitude' (臆病な態度, おくびょうなたいど).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5039

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wheelchair

Reading

Kanji

車Car 椅Chair 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '車椅子 (くるまいす)' refers to a 'wheelchair', a chair with wheels used by people who have difficulty walking or cannot walk. This term is commonly used in medical, caregiving, and everyday contexts. For example: He uses a wheelchair「彼は車椅子を使っています」(かれはくるまいすをつかっています). The hospital provides wheelchairs「病院は車椅子を提供しています」(びょういんはくるまいすをていきょうしています). The word is a combination of '車 (くるま)' meaning 'vehicle' or 'wheel' and '椅子 (いす)' meaning 'chair', emphasizing its function as a mobility aid.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5040

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

General, Boss

Reading

Kanji

大Big 将Leader, Commander

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大将 (たいしょう)' has two primary meanings. First, it refers to a 'general' in a military context, denoting a high-ranking officer. Second, it is used colloquially to mean 'boss' or 'leader' in a group or team, often in a friendly or informal way. For example: The general led the army「大将が軍隊を率いた」(たいしょうがぐんたいをひきいた). He's the boss of our team「彼は私たちのチームの大将だ」(かれはわたしたちのチームのたいしょうだ). The term can also carry a sense of respect or endearment when used informally.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5041

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lung

Reading

Kanji

肺Lung

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肺 (はい)' refers to the organ known as the 'lung'. It is used in medical, biological, and everyday contexts to describe the respiratory organ in humans and animals. For example: His lungs are healthy「彼の肺は健康です」(かれのはいはけんこうです). Smoking damages the lungs「喫煙は肺を傷つける」(きつえんははいをきずつける). The word is also used in compound terms like '肺炎 (はいえん)' (pneumonia) or '肺がん (はいがん)' (lung cancer).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5042

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Band

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'バンド (ばんど)' primarily refers to a musical group or band. It is commonly used to describe groups that play various genres of music, such as rock, jazz, or pop. For example: I like that band「あのバンドが好きです」(あのばんどがすきです). The band is performing tonight「バンドが今夜演奏します」(ばんどがこんやえんそうします). Additionally, 'バンド' can also refer to a band or strap, such as a rubber band or a watchband, but this usage is less common in everyday conversation. For example: I need a rubber band「輪ゴムが必要です」(わごむがひつようです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5043

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cook

Reading

Kanji

炊Boil, Cook

Explanation

The Japanese verb '炊く (たく)' specifically refers to the act of cooking or boiling, particularly in the context of preparing rice. It is commonly used when talking about cooking rice in a pot or rice cooker. For example: I cooked rice「ご飯を炊いた」(ごはんをたいた). She cooks rice every morning「彼女は毎朝ご飯を炊く」(かのじょはまいあさごはんをたく). This verb is distinct from other cooking-related verbs like '料理する (りょうりする)' (to cook in general) or '焼く (やく)' (to grill or bake), as it specifically implies the process of boiling or steaming, especially for grains like rice.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5044

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Peek

Reading

Kanji

込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'のぞき込む (のぞきこむ)' means 'to peek' or 'to look into something closely'. It is often used when someone is trying to see something by leaning forward or looking into a confined space. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: she peeked into the box「彼女は箱をのぞき込んだ」(かのじょははこをのぞきこんだ). He peered into the dark room「彼は暗い部屋をのぞき込んだ」(かれはくらいへやをのぞきこんだ). The verb implies curiosity or an attempt to see something that is not immediately visible.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5045

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refreshing

Reading

Kanji

爽Refreshing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '爽やか (さわやか)' means 'refreshing'. It is often used to describe something that feels fresh, clear, or invigorating, such as weather, a person's demeanor, or a taste. For example: The morning air is refreshing「朝の空気は爽やかです」(あさのくうきはさわやかです). He has a refreshing personality「彼は爽やかな性格です」(かれはさわやかなせいかくです). This word can also imply a sense of clarity or cleanliness, both physically and emotionally. It is commonly used in positive contexts to describe things that uplift or energize.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5046

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

For now

Reading

Kanji

一One

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一まず (ひとまず)' means 'for now' or 'for the time being'. It is used to indicate that something is being done temporarily or as an initial step, with the understanding that further action or changes may follow. This word is often used in situations where a decision or action is taken to address an immediate concern, while leaving room for future adjustments. For example: Let's stop here for now「一まずここで止めよう」(ひとまずここでとめよう). For now, let's assume it's true「一まずそれは本当だとしよう」(ひとまずそれはほんとうだとしよう). The word '一まず' conveys a sense of provisionality and is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5047

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disclosure

Reading

Kanji

開Open 示Show, Indicate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '開示 (かいじ)' means 'disclosure'. It refers to the act of making information, facts, or data known to others, often in a formal or legal context. This term is commonly used in legal, corporate, or administrative settings where transparency is required. For example: The company made a public disclosure of its financial records「会社は財務記録を開示しました」(かいしゃはざいむきろくをかいじしました). The court ordered the disclosure of evidence「裁判所は証拠の開示を命じた」(さいばんしょはしょうこのかいじをめいじた). Note that '開示' is often used in contexts involving legal obligations or ethical transparency.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5048

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lodging

Reading

Kanji

宿Lodging 泊Overnight, Stay overnight

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宿泊 (しゅくはく)' refers to the act of staying overnight or lodging at a place, typically used in contexts like hotels, inns, or other accommodations. It is commonly used in formal or travel-related situations. For example: I will stay at a hotel「ホテルに宿泊します」(ホテルにしゅくはくします). The lodging fee is included「宿泊料金は含まれています」(しゅくはくりょうきんはふくまれています). This term is often seen in phrases like '宿泊施設 (しゅくはくしせつ)' (lodging facilities) or '宿泊予約 (しゅくはくよやく)' (lodging reservation).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5049

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shallow, Superficial

Reading

Kanji

浅Shallow 見See

Explanation

The Japanese noun '浅見 (せんけん)' refers to a superficial or shallow view, opinion, or understanding of something. It is often used to describe a lack of depth in thought or analysis. For example: His opinion is superficial「彼の意見は浅見だ」(かれのいけんはせんけんだ). Don't make shallow judgments「浅見をしないでください」(せんけんをしないでください). The word can also be used to describe someone who has a narrow or limited perspective, as in '浅見な人 (せんけんなひと) (a person with a shallow view).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5050

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tragedy

Reading

Kanji

悲Sad 劇Drama

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悲劇 (ひげき)' means 'tragedy'. It refers to a serious and sorrowful event or situation, often involving suffering or misfortune. This word is commonly used in literature, drama, and everyday conversation to describe events that evoke deep sadness or despair. For example: The play was a tragedy「その劇は悲劇だった」(そのげきはひげきだった). The accident was a tragedy「その事故は悲劇だった」(そのじこはひげきだった). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that are deeply unfortunate or regrettable.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5051

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Omit

Reading

Kanji

欠Lack

Explanation

The Japanese verb '欠かす (かかす)' means 'to omit' or 'to leave out'. It is used when something essential or expected is not included or done. This verb often implies that the omitted thing is important or necessary. For example: I never omit breakfast「私は朝食を欠かさない」(わたしはちょうしょくをかかさない). He omitted an important detail in his report「彼は報告書で重要な詳細を欠かした」(かれはほうこくしょでじゅうようなしょうさいをかかした). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as omitting a step in a process or skipping a routine.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5052

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soak, Sting

Reading

Kanji

染Dye

Explanation

The Japanese verb '染みる (しみる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to soak' or 'to permeate', often used to describe liquids or substances penetrating into something. For example: the rain soaked into the ground「雨が地面に染みた」(あめがじめんにしみた). The second meaning is 'to sting' or 'to smart', often used to describe a sharp, tingling sensation, such as from cold, heat, or emotional pain. For example: the cold wind stung my cheeks「冷たい風が頬に染みた」(つめたいかぜがほおにしみた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when emotions 'soak in' deeply or when criticism 'stings'. Note that the context determines which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5053

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

If

Reading

Kanji

万Ten thousand 一One

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '万一 (まんいち)' means 'if' in the sense of 'in the unlikely event that' or 'just in case'. It is used to express a hypothetical or unlikely situation. This word is often used in formal or cautious contexts. For example: If something happens, please call me「万一何かあったら、電話してください」(まんいちなにかあったら、でんわしてください). In case of rain, the event will be canceled「万一雨が降ったら、イベントは中止です」(まんいちあめがふったら、イベントはちゅうしです). The word carries a nuance of preparing for an unlikely scenario, and it is often paired with conditional forms like '～たら' or '～ば'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5054

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Japan Soviet

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日ソ (にっそ)' is a compound word that refers to the relationship or matters involving Japan and the Soviet Union. It is often used in historical or political contexts to discuss events, treaties, or interactions between the two nations. For example: The Japan-Soviet Neutrality Pact was signed in 1941「日ソ中立条約は1941年に調印された」(にっそちゅうりつじょうやくは1941ねんにちょういんされた). The Japan-Soviet Joint Declaration of 1956 normalized diplomatic relations「1956年の日ソ共同宣言は外交関係を正常化した」(1956ねんのにっそきょうどうせんげんはがいこうかんけいをせいじょうかした). This term is primarily used in historical discussions and is less common in modern contexts due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5055

Composition

kanji-katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Datetime

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 時Time, Hour

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日時 (にちじ)' refers to a specific point in time, combining both the date and the time. It is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as scheduling appointments, events, or meetings. For example: Please tell me the datetime of the meeting「会議の日時を教えてください」(かいぎのにちじをおしえてください). The datetime of the event is set for next Monday「イベントの日時は来週の月曜日に決まりました」(イベントのにちじはらいしゅうのげつようびにきまりました). This word is often used in written or formal communication rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5056

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Days

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日日 (ひにち)' refers to 'days' or 'a period of time'. It is often used to describe a span of days or the passage of time. For example: I will wait for a few days「日日待ちます」(ひにちまちます). The days passed quickly「日日が早く過ぎた」(ひにちがはやくすぎた). This word can also be used in a more abstract sense to refer to the flow of time or the progression of events over days.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5057

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Piece

Reading

Kanji

片Fragment, One sided

Explanation

The Japanese noun '片 (かた)' means 'piece' or 'fragment'. It is often used to refer to a part or portion of something that has been broken or divided. This word can also imply something incomplete or one-sided. For example: a piece of paper「紙の片」(かみのかた). He only heard one side of the story「彼は話の片方だけ聞いた」(かれははなしのかたほうだけきいた). The word can also be used in compounds, such as '片手 (かたて)' meaning 'one hand' or '片道 (かたみち)' meaning 'one way'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5058

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Model, Type

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 種Kind, Variety

Explanation

The Japanese noun '機種 (きしゅ)' refers to the model or type of a device, machine, or equipment. It is commonly used in contexts related to electronics, appliances, or machinery to specify a particular version or variant. For example: This smartphone model is popular「このスマートフォンの機種は人気です」(このスマートフォンのきしゅはにんきです). The new type of printer is more efficient「新しいプリンターの機種はより効率的です」(あたらしいプリンターのきしゅはよりこうりつてきです). The word is often used in technical or commercial settings to differentiate between different versions of products.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5059

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pride

Reading

Kanji

誇Boast

Explanation

The Japanese noun '誇り (ほこり)' means 'pride'. It refers to a feeling of deep satisfaction or self-respect derived from one's own achievements, qualities, or associations. This word is often used to express a sense of honor or dignity. For example: I take pride in my work「私は自分の仕事に誇りを持っています」(わたしはじぶんのしごとにほこりをもっています). She felt pride in her son's success「彼女は息子の成功に誇りを感じた」(かのじょはむすこのせいこうにほこりをかんじた). Note that '誇り' can also sometimes refer to a sense of pride in one's heritage or community, as in '彼は自分の文化に誇りを持っている (かれはじぶんのぶんかにほこりをもっている) (He takes pride in his culture).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5060

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Iraq

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'イラク (iraku)' refers to the country Iraq. This word is a direct transliteration of the English name 'Iraq' into Japanese katakana, which is commonly used for foreign names and loanwords. For example: I visited Iraq last year「去年イラクに行きました」(きょねんイラクにいきました). Iraq is located in the Middle East「イラクは中東にあります」(イラクはちゅうとうにあります). The word 'イラク' is used in the same way as the English name, and it is important to note that it is always written in katakana when referring to the country.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

5061

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crescent

Reading

Kanji

三Three 日Day, Sun 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '三日月 (みかづき)' refers to a 'crescent moon'. It is commonly used to describe the shape of the moon when it is in its early phase, appearing as a thin, curved sliver. This word is often used in poetic or descriptive contexts to evoke imagery of the night sky. For example: The crescent moon is beautiful tonight「今夜の三日月は美しい」(こんやのみかづきはうつくしい). She drew a crescent moon on the paper「彼女は紙に三日月を描いた」(かのじょはかみにみかづきをかいた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something shaped like a crescent, such as a crescent-shaped pastry or object.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5062

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Only

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ただ (ただ)' means 'only' or 'just'. It is used to emphasize that something is simple, plain, or without any additional conditions or complications. It often carries a nuance of something being free of charge or without any special effort. For example: It's just a joke「ただの冗談です」(ただのじょうだんです). This is free of charge「これはただです」(これはただです). The word can also imply a sense of humility or modesty, as in 'I just did what anyone would do'「ただ誰でもすることをしただけです」(ただだれでもすることをしただけです).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

5063

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Years

Reading

Kanji

年Year 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年月 (としつき)' refers to the passage of time, specifically in terms of years and months. It is often used to describe a long period of time or the duration of an event. For example: many years have passed「長い年月が経った」(ながいとしつきがたった). It took years of effort「年月をかけた努力」(としつきをかけたどりょく). The word can also imply the accumulation of experience or history over time, as in 'the years of tradition'「伝統の年月」(でんとうのとしつき).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5064

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wow

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'ほー (ほー)' is an exclamation used to express surprise, admiration, or interest. It is often used when someone is impressed by something or learns something new. This interjection is informal and can be used in casual conversations. For example: Wow, that's amazing!「ほー、すごいね！」(ほー、すごいね！). Wow, I didn't know that!「ほー、知らなかった！」(ほー、しらなかった！). The tone and context in which 'ほー' is used can convey different levels of surprise or interest, making it a versatile expression in everyday Japanese.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

5065

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Few, Some

Reading

Kanji

若Young 干Dry

Explanation

The Japanese noun '若干 (じゃっかん)' means 'some' or 'a few'. It is used to indicate a small or indefinite quantity of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe a modest amount or degree. For example: There are some problems「若干の問題がある」(じゃっかんのもんだいがある). A few people attended the meeting「若干の人が会議に出席した」(じゃっかんのひとがかいぎにしゅっせきした). Note that '若干' is more formal than alternatives like '少し (すこし)' or 'いくつか', and it is commonly used in reports, documents, or speeches.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5066

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Date

Reading

Kanji

年Year 月Moon, Month 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年月日 (ねんがっぴ)' refers to a specific date, typically written in the format of year, month, and day. It is often used in formal or official contexts, such as on documents, forms, or when specifying a particular day in history. For example: Please write the date here「ここに年月日を書いてください」(ここにねんがっぴをかいてください). The date of the event is October 10, 2023「イベントの年月日は2023年10月10日です」(イベントのねんがっぴは2023ねん10がつ10かです). Note that '年月日' is a more formal way to refer to a date compared to '日付 (ひづけ)', which is also commonly used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5067

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yearly

Reading

Kanji

年Year

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '年々 (ねんねん)' means 'yearly' or 'year by year'. It is used to describe something that happens or changes gradually over the years. This word emphasizes a steady progression or trend over time. For example: the population is increasing yearly「人口は年々増えている」(じんこうはねんねんふえている). The cost of living is rising yearly「生活費は年々上がっている」(せいかつひはねんねんあがっている). Note that '年々' is often used in contexts where a gradual change or trend is observed over a period of years.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5068

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Norm

Reading

Kanji

規Standard, Regulation 範Model, Pattern

Explanation

The Japanese noun '規範 (きはん)' refers to a standard, norm, or model that serves as a guideline for behavior, thought, or judgment. It is often used in contexts related to social, ethical, or professional standards. For example: Society has its own norms「社会にはその規範がある」(しゃかいにはそのきはんがある). We must follow the norms of the workplace「職場の規範に従わなければならない」(しょくばのきはんにしたがわなければならない). The word can also imply a sense of authority or a benchmark that is widely accepted within a community or group.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5069

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Liver

Reading

Kanji

肝Liver

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肝 (きも)' primarily refers to the 'liver' as an organ in the body. However, it is also used metaphorically to describe courage, spirit, or the essence of something. For example: eating liver is healthy「肝を食べるのは健康にいい」(きもをたべるのはけんこうにいい). He has a lot of courage「彼は肝が据わっている」(かれはきもがすわっている). The word can also appear in idiomatic expressions, such as '肝に銘じる (きもにめいじる)', which means 'to take something to heart' or 'to remember something firmly.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5070

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Currency

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 貨Goods, Freight

Explanation

The Japanese noun '通貨 (つうか)' refers to 'currency', which is the system of money used in a particular country or region. This term is commonly used in financial, economic, and everyday contexts when discussing money, exchange rates, or monetary systems. For example: The Japanese currency is the yen「日本の通貨は円です」(にほんのつうかはえんです). I exchanged foreign currency at the bank「私は銀行で外貨を交換しました」(わたしはぎんこうでがいかをこうかんしました). The word can also appear in compound terms like '外貨通貨 (がいかつうか)' (foreign currency) or '仮想通貨 (かそうつうか)' (virtual currency).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5071

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Control

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 制System, Control

Explanation

The Japanese noun '統制 (とうせい)' means 'control' and refers to the act of regulating, managing, or governing something. It is often used in contexts involving authority, organization, or systems. For example: The government imposed strict control「政府は厳しい統制を課した」(せいふはきびしいとうせいをかした). The company maintains control over its operations「会社は業務の統制を維持している」(かいしゃはぎょうむのとうせいをいじしている). This word is commonly used in formal or administrative settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5072

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Old

Reading

Kanji

古Old

Explanation

The Japanese noun '古く (ふるく)' is the adverbial form of the adjective '古い (ふるい)', meaning 'old'. It is used to describe something that has existed for a long time or is from a past era. This form is often used to modify verbs or other adjectives, indicating that something is done in an old-fashioned or traditional way. For example: This tradition is old「この伝統は古くからある」(このでんとうはふるくからある). The house was built in an old style「その家は古く建てられた」(そのいえはふるくたてられた). Note that '古く' is not typically used as a standalone noun but rather as an adverb to describe actions or states.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5073

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sing

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'うたう' means 'to sing'. It is used to describe the action of producing musical sounds with the voice. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as singing a song, singing in a choir, or even metaphorically describing something that resembles singing. For example: She sings beautifully「彼女は美しく歌う」(かのじょはうつくしくうたう). I will sing a song at the concert「コンサートで歌を歌います」(コンサートでうたをうたいます). The birds are singing in the morning「鳥たちが朝に歌っている」(とりたちがあさにうたっている).

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

5074

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Most

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'もっとも' means 'most'. It is used to indicate the highest degree or extent of something. This word is often used in comparisons or to emphasize a particular quality. For example: This is the most important thing「これがもっとも大切なことです」(これがもっともたいせつなことです). She is the most beautiful person I know「彼女は私が知っている中でもっとも美しい人です」(かのじょはわたしがしっているなかでもっともうつくしいひとです). It's important to note that 'もっとも' can also function as an adverb, modifying verbs or other adjectives to indicate the highest degree.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

5075

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Somehow

Reading

Kanji

何What

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '何とか (なんとか)' means 'somehow' or 'in some way'. It is used to express that something is achieved or managed, often with difficulty or uncertainty. This word conveys a sense of effort or struggle, implying that the outcome was not straightforward. For example: I managed to finish the work somehow「何とか仕事を終わらせた」(なんとかしごとをおわらせた). We somehow made it on time「何とか間に合った」(なんとかまにあった). Additionally, '何とか' can be used to request help or suggest finding a solution, as in '何とかしてください (なんとかしてください) (Please do something about it).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5076

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Best

Reading

Kanji

何What

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何より (なにより)' means 'best' or 'above all else'. It is often used to emphasize that something is the most important, valuable, or desirable thing in a given context. For example: Your health is what matters most「何より健康が大切です」(なによりけんこうがたいせつです). Nothing is more important than your happiness「何よりあなたの幸せが一番です」(なによりあなたのしあわせがいちばんです). This word is commonly used in positive contexts to highlight priority or preference.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5077

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

What, How

Reading

Kanji

何What

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '何と (なんと)' is a versatile word that can express surprise, emphasis, or inquiry. It is often used to convey astonishment or to ask 'how' or 'what' in a rhetorical or exclamatory manner. For example: How amazing!「何とすごい！」(なんとすごい！). What a surprise!「何と驚きだ！」(なんとおどろきだ！). It can also be used in questions to express disbelief or curiosity, such as: What did you say?「何と言いましたか？」(なんといいましたか？). The nuance of '何と' often depends on the tone and context of the sentence, making it a flexible and expressive adverb in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5078

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Somehow

Reading

Kanji

何What

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '何となく (なんとなく)' means 'somehow' or 'for some reason'. It is used to express a vague or unclear feeling, thought, or reason behind an action or situation. This word often conveys a sense of intuition, instinct, or an unexplainable sense. For example: I somehow felt like going for a walk「何となく散歩に行きたくなった」(なんとなくさんぽにいきたくなった). She somehow seemed familiar「彼女は何となく見覚えがあった」(かのじょはなんとなくみおぼえがあった). It can also imply doing something without a clear purpose, as in: I just somehow ended up here「何となくここに来てしまった」(なんとなくここにきてしまった).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5079

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Open

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'オープン (おーぷん)' is a loanword derived from English, meaning 'open'. It is commonly used in contexts related to the opening of businesses, events, or facilities. For example: The store is open「その店はオープンです」(そのみせはおーぷんです). The new cafe will open tomorrow「新しいカフェは明日オープンします」(あたらしいかふぇはあしたおーぷんします). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something being open or accessible, such as open-mindedness or open discussions. Note that this word is often used in business or commercial settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5080

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perfection

Reading

Kanji

完Complete 璧Ball, Sphere

Explanation

The Japanese noun '完璧 (かんぺき)' means 'perfection'. It is used to describe something that is flawless, complete, or without any defects. This word is often used to emphasize the high quality or ideal state of something. For example: Her performance was perfect「彼女のパフォーマンスは完璧だった」(かのじょのパフォーマンスはかんぺきだった). This plan is flawless「このプランは完璧だ」(このプランはかんぺきだ). The word can also be used sarcastically or ironically to imply that something is too perfect or unrealistic. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5081

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cafeteria

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 堂Hall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食堂 (しょくどう)' refers to a 'cafeteria' or 'dining hall'. It is commonly used to describe a place where meals are served, often in schools, workplaces, or public facilities. The word can also refer to a casual restaurant or eatery. For example: Let's eat at the cafeteria「食堂で食べましょう」(しょくどうでたべましょう). The school cafeteria is crowded「学校の食堂は混んでいる」(がっこうのしょくどうはこんでいる). Note that '食堂' is often used in institutional settings, but it can also describe small, family-run restaurants.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5082

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Universality

Reading

Kanji

普Universal, Widespread 遍All over, Everywhere

Explanation

The Japanese noun '普遍 (ふへん)' refers to the concept of 'universality', meaning something that is applicable or common to all cases, situations, or people. It is often used in philosophical, scientific, or abstract contexts to describe principles, truths, or phenomena that are not limited by specific conditions. For example: The universality of human rights is widely recognized「人権の普遍性は広く認められている」(じんけんのふへんせいはひろくみとめられている). This theory has universality「この理論は普遍性を持っている」(このりろんはふへんせいをもっている). The word is typically used in formal or academic discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5083

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Framework

Reading

Kanji

枠Frame 組Association, Group

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枠組み (わくぐみ)' refers to a 'framework' or 'structure'. It is used to describe the basic structure or outline of something, such as a plan, system, or concept. This word is often used in both literal and abstract contexts. For example: the framework of the project is complete「プロジェクトの枠組みが完成した」(ぷろじぇくとのわくぐみがかんせいした). We need to establish a new framework for the organization「組織の新しい枠組みを確立する必要がある」(そしきのあたらしいわくぐみをかくりつするひつようがある). The word can also imply a set of rules or guidelines that form the basis of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5084

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pierce, Persist

Reading

Kanji

貫Pierce, Sushi counter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '貫く (つらぬく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to pierce' or 'to penetrate', often used in a physical sense, such as piercing through an object. For example: The arrow pierced the target「矢が的を貫いた」(やがまとをつらぬいた). The second meaning is 'to persist' or 'to carry through', referring to maintaining a principle, belief, or course of action despite challenges. For example: He persisted in his beliefs「彼は信念を貫いた」(かれはしんねんをつらぬいた). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, making it important to consider the surrounding context to determine the intended meaning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5085

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Somehow

Reading

Kanji

何What

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '何だか (なんだか)' means 'somehow' or 'for some reason'. It is used to express a vague or uncertain feeling or situation, often when the speaker cannot clearly explain why they feel a certain way. This word is commonly used in casual conversations. For example: I feel somehow uneasy「何だか落ち着かない」(なんだかおちつかない). Somehow, it feels nostalgic「何だか懐かしい気がする」(なんだかなつかしいきがする). The word can also imply a sense of intuition or an unexplained emotion.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5086

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Why

Reading

Kanji

何What

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '何で (なんで)' means 'why'. It is commonly used in casual conversation to ask for the reason or cause behind something. This word is less formal than 'なぜ' or 'どうして', which also mean 'why'. For example: Why did you come?「何で来たの？」(なできたの？). Why are you crying?「何で泣いてるの？」(なでないてるの？). Note that '何で' can also be read as 'なにで' in certain contexts, where it means 'by what means' or 'with what', but this is a separate usage and not the focus here.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5087

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

How

Reading

Kanji

何What

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '何て (なんて)' is used to express surprise, emphasis, or admiration. It often translates to 'how' in English and is commonly used in exclamatory sentences. For example: How beautiful!「何て美しい！」(なんてうつくしい！). How kind!「何て親切なの！」(なんてしんせつなの！). It can also be used to downplay something, as in 'It's nothing special'「何てことない」(なんてことない). Note that '何て' is informal and is often used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5088

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

At most

Reading

Kanji

精Spirit, Refine

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '精々 (せいぜい)' means 'at most' or 'at best'. It is used to indicate the maximum limit or extent of something, often implying that the result or outcome is not particularly impressive or satisfactory. For example: I can only do this much at most「精々これくらいしかできない」(せいぜいこれくらいしかできない). At best, we can expect ten people to attend「精々10人くらいは来るだろう」(せいぜいじゅうにんくらいはくるだろう). This adverb is commonly used in situations where there is a limitation or constraint, and it often carries a tone of resignation or modest expectation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5089

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

仕Serve 舞Dance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仕舞い (しまい)' means 'end' or 'conclusion'. It is often used to describe the final part of something, such as an event, a process, or a story. This word carries a nuance of finality and completion. For example: the end of the movie「映画の仕舞い」(えいがのしまい). The party came to an end「パーティーは仕舞いになった」(パーティーはしまいになった). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the end of an era「時代の仕舞い」(じだいのしまい). Note that '仕舞い' is often written in hiragana as 'しまい' in modern usage.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5090

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Era, Age

Reading

Kanji

年Year 代Substitute, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年代 (ねんだい)' refers to a specific period or era, often used in historical or chronological contexts. It can denote a decade, a century, or a broader historical period. For example: the Showa era「昭和年代」(しょうわねんだい). This artifact is from the Edo period「この遺物は江戸年代のものです」(このいぶつはえどねんだいのものです). It can also refer to someone's age group, as in: people of the same age「同じ年代の人々」(おなじねんだいのひとびと). The word is versatile and context-dependent, so pay attention to how it is used in sentences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5091

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Souvenir

Reading

Kanji

土Soil 産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '土産 (みやげ)' refers to a 'souvenir' or a gift brought back from a trip or visit to a place. It is commonly used to describe items purchased or received as a memento of a journey or as a gift for someone else. For example: I bought a souvenir from Kyoto「京都で土産を買いました」(きょうとでみやげをかいました). She gave me a souvenir from her trip「彼女は旅行の土産をくれました」(かのじょはりょこうのみやげをくれました). The word can also imply a sense of thoughtfulness, as it is often given to friends, family, or colleagues upon returning from a trip.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5092

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrow

Reading

Kanji

矢Arrow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '矢 (や)' means 'arrow'. This word refers to the projectile weapon used in archery, typically consisting of a straight, thin shaft with a sharp point at one end and feathers at the other for stabilization. It is commonly used in contexts related to archery, hunting, or historical battles. For example: He shot an arrow「彼は矢を放った」(かれはやをはなった). The arrow hit the target「矢は的に当たった」(やはまとにあたった). In Japanese culture, arrows also hold symbolic meanings, often associated with protection or warding off evil spirits, as seen in traditional rituals or decorations like '破魔矢 (はまや)' (ritual arrow).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5093

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thousands

Reading

Kanji

何What 千Thousand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何千 (なんぜん)' means 'thousands'. It is used to refer to an unspecified large number of things, typically in the thousands. This word is often used in contexts where the exact number is unknown or unimportant, emphasizing the magnitude or quantity. For example: thousands of people gathered「何千もの人が集まった」(なんぜんものひとがあつまった). There are thousands of stars in the sky「空には何千もの星がある」(そらにはなんぜんものほしがある). The word can also be used metaphorically to express a large, indefinite quantity, such as 'thousands of thoughts' or 'thousands of possibilities'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5094

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hundreds

Reading

Kanji

何What 百Hundred

Explanation

The Japanese noun '何百 (なんびゃく)' means 'hundreds'. It is used to indicate an unspecified large number in the hundreds. This word is often used in contexts where the exact number is not important, but the general scale is. For example: there are hundreds of stars in the sky「空には何百もの星がある」(そらにはなんびゃくものほしがある). Hundreds of people attended the event「何百人もの人がイベントに参加した」(なんびゃくにんものひとがイベントにさんかした). The word '何百' can also be used in combination with other counters, such as '何百人 (なんびゃくにん)' for 'hundreds of people' or '何百個 (なんびゃっこ)' for 'hundreds of items'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5095

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Come

Reading

Kanji

来Come

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'やって来る (やってくる)' means 'to come'. This verb is used to describe the action of someone or something arriving at a location, often from a considerable distance or after a period of time. It emphasizes the process of coming, rather than just the state of being present. For example: he came from far away「彼は遠くからやって来た」(かれはとおくからやってきた). The train is coming「電車がやって来る」(でんしゃがやってくる). This verb is often used in contexts where the arrival is notable or significant.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5096

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrival

Reading

Kanji

来Come 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '来日 (らいにち)' refers to the act of arriving in Japan, typically used for foreigners coming to Japan. It is often used in formal or official contexts, such as news reports or announcements. For example: The president's arrival in Japan is scheduled for next week「大統領の来日は来週に予定されています」(だいとうりょうのらいにちはらいしゅうによていされています). Many tourists come to Japan every year「毎年多くの観光客が来日します」(まいとしおおくのかんこうきゃくがらいにちします). Note that '来日' is specifically about arriving in Japan, not just any arrival.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5097

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shelf

Reading

Kanji

棚Shelf

Explanation

The Japanese noun '棚 (たな)' refers to a 'shelf', typically used for storing or displaying items. It is commonly found in homes, stores, and other spaces where organization is needed. For example: Please put the book on the shelf「本を棚に置いてください」(ほんをたなおいてください). The shelf is full of dishes「棚にはお皿がいっぱいです」(たなにはおさらがいっぱいです). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something being set aside or postponed, as in '棚上げ (たなあげ)', which means 'to shelve' or 'to postpone'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5098

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adopted child

Reading

Kanji

養Foster 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '養子 (ようし)' means 'adopted child'. It refers to a child who is legally adopted into a family, becoming part of that family through legal processes. This word is often used in contexts related to family law, inheritance, or social discussions about adoption. Example: They adopted a child 「彼らは養子をもらった」 (かれらはようしをもらった). The adopted child inherited the property 「養子が財産を相続した」 (ようしがざいさんをそうぞくした). Note that '養子' can refer to either an adopted son or daughter, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5099

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reason

Reading

Kanji

理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '理 (り)' primarily means 'reason' or 'logic'. It refers to the underlying principle, rationale, or order behind something. This word is often used in philosophical, scientific, or abstract contexts to describe the natural order or the reasoning behind phenomena. For example: the reason behind the phenomenon「現象の理」(げんしょうのり). He explained the logic of the theory「彼は理論の理を説明した」(かれはりろんのりをせつめいした). '理' can also appear in compound words, such as '道理 (どうり)' (reason, justice) or '物理 (ぶつり)' (physics). It carries a formal tone and is commonly used in written or academic contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5100

Composition

kanji

Handwriting