Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Japan China

Reading

Explanation

The proper noun 'ニッチュウ (nitchuu)' is an abbreviation of '日本中国 (にほんちゅうごく)', meaning 'Japan-China'. It is often used in contexts related to bilateral relations, historical events, or cultural exchanges between Japan and China. For example: The Japan-China summit was held「ニッチュウサミットが開催された」(にっちゅうさみっとがかいさいされた). Japan-China relations have improved「ニッチュウ関係が改善された」(にっちゅうかんけいがいぜんされた). This term is commonly used in news, diplomacy, and historical discussions.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

5801

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thermometer

Reading

Kanji

体Body 温Warm 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese noun '体温計 (たいおんけい)' refers to a 'thermometer', specifically one used to measure body temperature. It is commonly used in medical contexts or at home to check for fever. For example: I bought a new thermometer「新しい体温計を買いました」(あたらしいたいおんけいをかいました). Please use the thermometer to check your temperature「体温計で熱を測ってください」(たいおんけいでねつをはかってください). The word is a compound of '体温 (たいおん)' meaning 'body temperature' and '計 (けい)' meaning 'meter' or 'gauge'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5802

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sunlight

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 差Difference

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日差し (ひざし)' refers to 'sunlight' or 'sunshine'. It specifically describes the rays of the sun shining down, often evoking a sense of warmth or brightness. This word is commonly used in contexts related to weather, nature, or describing the atmosphere of a scene. For example: The sunlight is warm today「今日の日差しは暖かい」(きょうのひざしはあたたかい). The sunlight filters through the trees「木々の間から日差しが差し込む」(きぎのあいだからひざしがさしこむ). It can also carry a poetic nuance, often used in literature or descriptions to create vivid imagery.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5803

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ruler

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 差Difference

Explanation

The Japanese noun '物差し (ものさし)' refers to a 'ruler', a tool used for measuring length or drawing straight lines. It is commonly used in both everyday and professional contexts, such as in schools, offices, or workshops. Additionally, '物差し' can metaphorically represent a standard or criterion for judgment. For example: Please measure the length with a ruler「物差しで長さを測ってください」(ものさしでながさをはかってください). His values are the ruler for his decisions「彼の価値観が物差しとなっている」(かれのかちかんがものさしとなっている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5804

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proportion, Relatively

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '割合 (わりあい)' has two distinct meanings. First, it can mean 'relatively' or 'comparatively', often used to describe something in relation to a standard or expectation. For example: This task is relatively easy「この作業は割合簡単だ」(このさぎょうはわりあいかんたんだ). Second, it can mean 'proportion' or 'ratio', referring to the quantitative relationship between parts. For example: The proportion of men to women is equal「男性と女性の割合は同じだ」(だんせいとじょせいのわりあいはおなじだ). The context will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5805

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yellow

Reading

Kanji

黄Yellow 色Color

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '黄色い (きいろい)' means 'yellow'. It is used to describe something that has the color yellow. This adjective can be applied to objects, natural phenomena, or even abstract concepts that are associated with the color yellow. For example: The flower is yellow「その花は黄色い」(そのはなはきいろい). She is wearing a yellow dress「彼女は黄色いドレスを着ている」(かのじょはきいろいドレスをきている). Note that '黄色い' is specifically used for describing the color yellow and is distinct from the noun form '黄色 (きいろ)', which simply means 'yellow' as a color.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5806

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Various

Reading

Kanji

彼Third person pronoun, He 是Right, Absolutely

Explanation

The Japanese noun '彼是 (あれこれ)' means 'various' or 'this and that'. It is used to refer to a variety of things or matters in a non-specific way. This word is often used when discussing multiple topics, items, or tasks without going into detail about each one. For example: I have various things to do today「今日は彼是やることがある」(きょうはあれこれやることがある). She talked about various things「彼女は彼是話した」(かのじょはあれこれはなした). The word can also imply a sense of being overwhelmed by the number of things or tasks, as in '彼是忙しい (あれこれいそがしい) (busy with various things)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5807

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Career

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'キャリア (きゃりあ)' means 'career'. It refers to a person's professional journey, including their jobs, positions, and experiences over time. This word is often used in contexts related to work, professional development, or long-term employment. For example: She has a successful career「彼女は成功したキャリアを持っている」(かのじょはせいこうしたきゃりあをもっている). I want to build a career in this field「この分野でキャリアを築きたい」(このぶんやできゃりあをきずきたい). Note that 'キャリア' is a loanword from English, and it is commonly used in modern Japanese to discuss professional life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5808

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Branch

Reading

Kanji

支Branch, Support 店Shop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '支店 (してん)' refers to a 'branch' of a company, store, or organization. It is commonly used to describe a secondary location or office that operates under the main headquarters. For example: The bank has a branch in Osaka「銀行は大阪に支店があります」(ぎんこうはおおさかにしてんがあります). I work at the Tokyo branch「私は東京の支店で働いています」(わたしはとうきょうのしてんではたらいています). This term is often used in business contexts to specify locations of offices, stores, or institutions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5809

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face to face

Reading

Kanji

対Against 面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '対面 (たいめん)' refers to a situation where two or more people meet or interact directly, face-to-face. It is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as meetings, interviews, or consultations. For example: We had a face-to-face meeting with the client「クライアントと対面で会議をした」(クライアントとたいめんでかいぎをした). The teacher conducted a face-to-face consultation with the student「先生は生徒と対面で相談を行った」(せんせいはせいととたいめんでそうだんをおこなった). This term emphasizes the direct and personal nature of the interaction, as opposed to remote or indirect communication.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5810

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retirement

Reading

Kanji

定Determine 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '定年 (ていねん)' refers to the mandatory retirement age set by a company or organization. It is commonly used in the context of employment and career planning. For example: He reached retirement age「彼は定年に達した」(かれはていねんにたっした). The company's retirement age is 60「会社の定年は60歳です」(かいしゃのていねんはろくじゅっさいです). This term is often associated with the transition from active employment to retirement, and it carries implications for pension plans and post-retirement life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5811

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Announcement

Reading

Kanji

披Unfold, Expose 露Dew, Expose

Explanation

The Japanese noun '披露 (ひろう)' refers to an announcement or a public declaration, often used in formal contexts. It is commonly associated with events where something is revealed or presented to the public, such as a wedding announcement or the unveiling of a new project. For example: The couple made their wedding announcement「カップルは結婚を披露した」(かっぷるはけっこんをひろうした). The company unveiled its new product「会社は新製品を披露した」(かいしゃはしんせいひんをひろうした). This word carries a sense of formality and is often used in ceremonial or official settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5812

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Right side

Reading

Kanji

右Right 側Side

Explanation

The Japanese noun '右側 (みぎがわ)' means 'rightside' or 'right side'. It refers to the side that is to the right of a person or object. This word is commonly used in directions, descriptions of locations, or when giving instructions. For example: Please stand on the right side「右側に立ってください」(みぎがわにたってください). The store is on the right side of the street「その店は通りの右側にあります」(そのみせはとおりのみぎがわにあります). It is important to note that '右側' is often used in contrast to '左側 (ひだりがわ)' (left side).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5813

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Face

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese verb '面する (めんする)' means 'to face' or 'to be facing'. It is used to describe something that is directly opposite or in front of something else, often in a literal or metaphorical sense. For example: the house faces the sea「その家は海に面している」(そのいえはうみにめんしている). The company is facing a difficult situation「その会社は難しい状況に面している」(そのかいしゃはむずかしいじょうきょうにめんしている). This verb is commonly used in both physical and abstract contexts to indicate a direct confrontation or orientation towards something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5814

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Allocation

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '割り当て (わりあて)' means 'allocation'. It refers to the act of assigning or distributing something, such as resources, tasks, or responsibilities, to specific individuals or groups. This word is commonly used in contexts like work, school, or project management. For example: The allocation of tasks was fair「割り当ては公平だった」(わりあてはこうへいだった). Please check your room allocation「部屋の割り当てを確認してください」(へやのわりあてをかくにんしてください). The term can also imply a sense of division or apportionment, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5815

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Allocate

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '割り当てる (わりあてる)' means 'to allocate' or 'to assign'. It is used when distributing resources, tasks, or responsibilities to specific people or purposes. For example: The teacher allocated tasks to the students「先生は生徒に課題を割り当てた」(せんせいはせいとにかだいをわりあてた). The company allocated a budget for the project「会社はプロジェクトに予算を割り当てた」(かいしゃはぷろじぇくとによさんをわりあてた). This verb is often used in formal or organizational contexts, such as work, school, or planning.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5816

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discount

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese verb '割り引く (わりびく)' means 'to discount' or 'to reduce the price of something'. It is commonly used in commercial or financial contexts to indicate a reduction in cost or value. For example: The store discounted the price「店は値段を割り引いた」(みせはねだんをわりびいた). They discounted the importance of the issue「彼らはその問題の重要性を割り引いた」(かれらはそのもんだいのじゅうようせいをわりびいた). Note that this verb can also be used metaphorically to describe reducing the significance or value of something non-monetary.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5817

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relatively

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '割に (わりに)' means 'relatively' or 'comparatively'. It is used to indicate that something is more or less than expected, often in comparison to a standard or assumption. It can convey a sense of surprise or contrast. For example: This test was relatively easy「このテストは割に簡単だった」(このテストはわりにかんたんだった). She is relatively tall for her age「彼女は年齢の割に背が高い」(かのじょはねんれいのわりにせがたかい). The adverb is often used to express a deviation from what is typical or anticipated.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5818

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discount

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '割り引き (わりびき)' means 'discount'. It refers to a reduction in the usual price of something, often used in shopping contexts. This term is commonly seen in stores, advertisements, and sales promotions. For example: I got a discount on this shirt「このシャツは割り引きしてもらった」(このシャツはわりびきしてもらった). The store is offering a 20% discount today「今日は20%の割り引きをしています」(きょうは20パーセントのわりびきをしています). Note that '割り引き' is often used with percentages or specific amounts to indicate the extent of the discount.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5819

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Part time job

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'バイト (baito)' is a shortened form of 'アルバイト (arubaito)', which comes from the German word 'Arbeit' meaning 'work'. In Japanese, it specifically refers to a part-time job, typically one that is temporary or not the person's main occupation. It is commonly used by students or individuals looking for flexible work schedules. For example: I have a part-time job at a convenience store「コンビニでバイトをしています」(こんびにでばいとをしています). She is looking for a part-time job「彼女はバイトを探しています」(かのじょはばいとをさがしています). The term is widely understood in everyday conversation and is often used casually among friends and peers.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

5820

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relatively

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '割合に (わりあいに)' means 'relatively'. It is used to indicate that something is somewhat or comparatively true in relation to something else. This adverb is often used to express a moderate degree or a balanced perspective. For example: This book is relatively easy to read「この本は割合に読みやすい」(このほんはわりあいによみやすい). The weather today is relatively warm「今日の天気は割合に暖かい」(きょうのてんきはわりあいにあたたかい). It can also imply a sense of proportion or balance, as in '割合に公平 (わりあいにこうへい) (relatively fair)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5821

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Completely

Reading

Kanji

残Remainder

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '残らず (のこらず)' means 'completely' or 'without exception'. It is used to indicate that something is done thoroughly, leaving nothing behind or untouched. This word often emphasizes the entirety of an action or state. For example: He ate everything completely「彼は残らず食べた」(かれはのこらずたべた). The documents were checked without exception「書類は残らずチェックされた」(しょるいはのこらずチェックされた). This adverb is commonly used in contexts where thoroughness or completeness is emphasized, such as in tasks, consumption, or examination.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5822

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Payment

Reading

Kanji

払Pay, Drive away

Explanation

The Japanese noun '払い (はらい)' refers to the act of paying or settling a debt. It is commonly used in contexts involving financial transactions, such as paying bills, fees, or installments. For example: I made the payment「払いをしました」(はらいをしました). The monthly payment is due「月払いが期限です」(つきばらいがきげんです). This word can also appear in compound terms like '分割払い (ぶんかつばらい)' (installment payment) or '前払い (まえばらい)' (advance payment).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5823

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plum

Reading

Kanji

梅Apricot, Plum

Explanation

The Japanese noun '梅 (うめ)' refers to the plum fruit or the plum tree. It is commonly associated with Japanese culture, particularly in the context of ume blossoms, which are celebrated in early spring. The fruit is often used to make umeboshi (pickled plums) and ume liqueur. Example sentences: The plum blossoms are beautiful「梅の花がきれいです」(うめのはながきれいです). I ate a pickled plum「梅干しを食べました」(うめぼしをたべました).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5824

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dance

Reading

Kanji

踊Dance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '踊り (おどり)' means 'dance'. It refers to the act of dancing or a specific dance performance. This word is commonly used in contexts related to traditional Japanese dances, such as '盆踊り (ぼんおどり)', which is a Bon festival dance. It can also refer to dances in general, including modern or Western styles. Example sentences: Let's go see the dance「踊りを見に行こう」(おどりをみにいこう). She is good at traditional Japanese dance「彼女は日本の伝統的な踊りが上手です」(かのじょはにほんのでんとうてきなおどりがじょうずです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5825

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Class

Reading

Kanji

学Learn 級Grade, Rank

Explanation

The Japanese noun '学級 (がっきゅう)' refers to a 'class' in the context of a group of students in a school. It specifically denotes a group of students who are taught together, often within the same grade or subject. This term is commonly used in educational settings to describe the organizational structure of students. For example: The class is quiet「学級は静かです」(がっきゅうはしずかです). I am the teacher of this class「私はこの学級の先生です」(わたしはこのがっきゅうのせんせいです). The term emphasizes the collective group of students rather than the physical classroom itself.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5826

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gangster

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'やくざ' refers to a member of organized crime groups in Japan, often associated with the Yakuza. These groups are known for their strict codes of conduct, hierarchical structures, and involvement in various illegal activities. The term can also carry a cultural connotation, as Yakuza are sometimes romanticized in media. Example sentences: He is a gangster「彼はやくざだ」(かれはやくざだ). The gangster was arrested「やくざが逮捕された」(やくざがたいほされた). Note that the term can be used both neutrally and pejoratively depending on context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5827

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Egypt

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'エジプト (えじぷと)' refers to the country of Egypt. This word is a direct transliteration of the English word 'Egypt' into katakana, which is commonly used for foreign names and places. For example: I want to visit Egypt「エジプトに行きたい」(えじぷとにいきたい). Egypt is famous for its pyramids「エジプトはピラミッドで有名です」(えじぷとはぴらみっどでゆうめいです). The word is used in the same context as in English, referring to the country in North Africa known for its ancient history and landmarks.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

5828

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Australia

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'オーストラリア (おーすとらりあ)' refers to the country Australia. It is a direct transliteration of the English word 'Australia' into katakana, which is commonly used for foreign names and places. Example sentences: I want to visit Australia「オーストラリアに行きたいです」(おーすとらりあにいきたいです). Australia is famous for its kangaroos「オーストラリアはカンガルーで有名です」(おーすとらりあはかんがるーでゆうめいです).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

5829

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Choshu

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'チョウシュウ (choushuu)' refers to 'Choshu', a historical domain in Japan during the Edo period. Choshu, also known as the Choshu Domain (長州藩), was located in what is now Yamaguchi Prefecture. It played a significant role in Japanese history, particularly during the Meiji Restoration, as it was one of the key domains that opposed the Tokugawa shogunate and contributed to the modernization of Japan. Example sentences: Choshu was a powerful domain「チョウシュウは強い藩だった」(ちょうしゅうはつよいはんだった). Many samurai from Choshu fought bravely「チョウシュウの多くの侍が勇敢に戦った」(ちょうしゅうのおおくのさむらいがゆうかんにたたかった).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

5830

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reclaim

Reading

Kanji

取Take 返Return

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り返す (とりかえす)' means 'to reclaim' or 'to take back'. It is used when someone retrieves something that was lost, stolen, or taken away. This verb can also imply recovering from a setback or regaining something intangible, such as time or trust. For example: I reclaimed my lost wallet「失くした財布を取り返した」(なくしたさいふをとりかえした). He tried to reclaim his reputation「彼は評判を取り返そうとした」(かれはひょうばんをとりかえそうとした). The verb often carries a sense of effort or struggle in the process of reclaiming.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5831

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Offer

Reading

Kanji

申Report 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '申し出る (もうしでる)' means 'to offer' or 'to propose'. It is used when someone voluntarily offers something, such as help, a suggestion, or a proposal. This verb often implies a formal or polite context, and it is commonly used in situations where someone is stepping forward to provide assistance or make a suggestion. For example: He offered to help「彼は手伝いを申し出た」(かれはてつだいをもうしでた). She proposed a new plan「彼女は新しい計画を申し出た」(かのじょはあたらしいけいかくをもうしでた). The verb can also be used in more formal settings, such as business or official proposals.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5832

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prospect

Reading

Kanji

見See 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese noun '見込み (みこみ)' refers to a 'prospect' or 'expectation' of something happening in the future. It is often used to describe the likelihood or potential of an event, outcome, or situation. For example: there is a prospect of rain tomorrow「明日は雨の見込みです」(あしたはあめのみこみです). The company has good prospects for growth「その会社は成長の見込みが良い」(そのかいしゃはせいちょうのみこみがよい). This word can also imply a sense of anticipation or estimation based on current conditions or trends.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5833

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not very

Reading

Kanji

然Sort of thing, In that case 程Order, Extent

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '然程 (さほど)' is used to express that something is 'not very' or 'not particularly' in degree or extent. It often carries a nuance of understatement or modesty. This word is typically used in negative sentences to downplay the intensity or significance of something. For example: It's not very cold today「今日は然程寒くない」(きょうはさほどさむくない). The movie was not particularly interesting「その映画は然程面白くなかった」(そのえいがはさほどおもしろくなかった). Note that '然程' is somewhat formal and is less commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5834

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Restraint, Detention

Reading

Kanji

拘Arrest 束Bundle, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '拘束 (こうそく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'restraint', referring to the act of limiting or controlling someone or something. The second is 'detention', referring to the act of holding someone in custody, often by legal authorities. For example: The police imposed restraint on the suspect「警察は容疑者に拘束を加えた」(けいさつはようぎしゃにこうそくをくわえた). The suspect is under detention「容疑者は拘束されている」(ようぎしゃはこうそくされている). The word is often used in legal or formal contexts and carries a serious tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5835

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty

Reading

Kanji

任Duty, Responsibility 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '任務 (にんむ)' means 'duty' or 'mission'. It refers to a specific task or responsibility assigned to someone, often in a professional, military, or organizational context. This word carries a formal tone and is commonly used in serious or official situations. For example: He fulfilled his duty「彼は任務を果たした」(かれはにんむをはたした). The soldier was given an important mission「その兵士は重要な任務を与えられた」(そのへいしはじゅうようなにんむをあたえられた). Note that '任務' is often used in contexts involving responsibility, obligation, or assignments that require commitment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5836

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reform

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal 革Reform, Leather

Explanation

The Japanese noun '変革 (へんかく)' means 'reform' or 'transformation'. It refers to a significant change or alteration, often in a system, organization, or society, aimed at improving or modernizing it. This word is commonly used in contexts related to social, political, or organizational changes. For example: The company is undergoing a major reform「その会社は大きな変革を経験している」(そのかいしゃはおおきなへんかくをけいけんしている). We need reform in the education system「教育システムに変革が必要だ」(きょういくシステムにへんかくがひつようだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5837

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Application

Reading

Kanji

申Report 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese noun '申し込み (もうしこみ)' means 'application'. It refers to the act of applying for something, such as a service, event, or membership. This word is commonly used in formal or business contexts. For example: I submitted an application for the event「イベントに申し込みをした」(イベントにもうしこみをした). Please fill out the application form「申し込み用紙に記入してください」(もうしこみようしにきにゅうしてください). The term can also imply a request or proposal, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5838

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pay

Reading

Kanji

払Pay, Drive away 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '払い込む (はらいこむ)' means 'to pay' or 'to make a payment'. It is often used in the context of making a payment, such as paying a bill, fee, or installment. This verb implies the action of transferring money to settle a debt or obligation. For example: I paid the bill「請求書を払い込んだ」(せいきゅうしょをはらいこんだ). He paid the tuition fee「彼は授業料を払い込んだ」(かれはじゅぎょうりょうをはらいこんだ). The verb can also be used in the context of paying in installments, such as '払い込む (はらいこむ) for a loan'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5839

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cut in, Interrupt

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '割り込む (わりこむ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to cut in,' often used in the context of physically cutting into a line or queue. For example: he cut in line「彼は列に割り込んだ」(かれはれつにわりこんだ). The second meaning is 'to interrupt,' which can refer to interrupting a conversation or process. For example: she interrupted the meeting「彼女は会議に割り込んだ」(かのじょはかいぎにわりこんだ). This verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, and it carries a slightly negative connotation, implying rudeness or disruption.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5840

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Withdraw

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引っ込む (ひっこむ)' primarily means 'to withdraw' or 'to pull back'. It can be used in both physical and metaphorical contexts. For example, physically withdrawing into a space: he withdrew into his room「彼は部屋に引っ込んだ」(かれはへやにひっこんだ). Metaphorically, it can describe someone retreating from a situation or conversation: she withdrew from the argument「彼女は議論から引っ込んだ」(かのじょはぎろんからひっこんだ). Additionally, '引っ込む' can imply something receding or sinking in, such as a receding hairline「髪の毛が引っ込んでいる」(かみのけがひっこんでいる). The verb often carries a nuance of retreating or moving away from a previous position or state.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5841

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Win

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ウィン (うぃん)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'win'. It is commonly used in contexts related to sports, competitions, or achieving success. For example: We got the win!「私たちはウィンを手に入れた！」(わたしたちはうぃんをてにいれた！). The team celebrated their win「チームはウィンを祝った」(チームはうぃんをいわった). This word is often used in casual and formal settings alike, especially in contexts where English loanwords are prevalent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5842

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Investment

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 資Capital, Resources

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出資 (しゅっし)' refers to the act of providing capital or funds to a business, project, or venture in exchange for a stake or share in its profits or ownership. It is commonly used in financial and business contexts. For example: He made an investment in the company「彼はその会社に出資した」(かれはそのかいしゃにしゅっしした). The startup is seeking investment「そのスタートアップは出資を求めている」(そのスタートアップはしゅっしをもとめている). This term is often associated with formal or professional settings and implies a financial commitment.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5843

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Precedence

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先行 (せんこう)' refers to something that comes before or takes precedence over others. It is often used in contexts where timing, order, or priority is important, such as in business, research, or planning. For example: The new model takes precedence over the old one「新しいモデルが先行する」(あたらしいモデルがせんこうする). In research, preliminary studies are essential「研究では先行研究が重要だ」(けんきゅうではせんこうけんきゅうがじゅうようだ). The term can also imply being ahead in a competitive or developmental sense, such as a company leading in technology「その会社は技術で先行している」(そのかいしゃはぎじゅつでせんこうしている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5844

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Underwear

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'パンツ (pantsu)' refers to 'underwear'. This term is commonly used to describe undergarments, particularly underpants or briefs. It can be used for both men's and women's underwear. For example: I bought new underwear「新しいパンツを買った」(あたらしいパンツをかった). Please note that in Japanese, 'パンツ' can sometimes refer to trousers or pants in certain contexts, but this usage is less common and typically refers to underwear. For example: He is wearing blue pants「彼は青いパンツを履いている」(かれはあおいパンツをはいている). However, the primary and most common meaning is 'underwear'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5845

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pull

Reading

Kanji

引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese noun '引き (ひき)' primarily means 'pull'. It is often used in contexts related to pulling or drawing something, such as in fishing or drawing a bow. It can also refer to the act of attracting or drawing in, as in attracting customers. For example: He has a strong pull「彼は強い引きがある」(かれはつよいひきがある). The shop uses discounts to pull in customers「その店は引きをするために割引を使う」(そのみせはひきをするためにわりびきをつかう). Note that '引き' can also be part of compound words, where it retains the meaning related to pulling or drawing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5846

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Europe

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'オウシュウ' refers to the continent of Europe. It is a katakana representation of the English word 'Europe'. This term is used in contexts where the continent of Europe is being discussed, such as in geography, history, or cultural studies. For example: I want to visit Europe「オウシュウに行きたい」(オウシュウにいきたい). Europe has many historical landmarks「オウシュウには多くの歴史的建造物がある」(オウシュウにはおおくのれきしてきけんぞうぶつがある).

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

5847

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Call, Summon

Reading

Kanji

呼Invite, Call 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '呼び出す (よびだす)' can mean 'summon' or 'call'. It is used when someone is called out or summoned, often in a formal or urgent context. For example: The teacher summoned the student「先生は生徒を呼び出した」(せんせいはせいとをよびだした). The police called the witness to the station「警察は証人を警察署に呼び出した」(けいさつはしょうにんをけいさつしょによびだした). This verb can also be used in technical contexts, such as calling a function in programming or summoning a character in a game.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5848

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Microphone

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'マイク (まいく)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'microphone'. It refers to a device used to capture or amplify sound. This term is commonly used in contexts such as music, broadcasting, public speaking, and recording. For example: Please speak into the microphone「マイクに向かって話してください」(まいくにむかってはなしてください). He bought a new microphone「彼は新しいマイクを買った」(かれはあたらしいまいくをかった). The word is written in katakana, as it is a foreign loanword, and is widely understood in Japanese society.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5849

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowd

Reading

Kanji

人Person 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人込み (ひとごみ)' refers to a 'crowd' or a place where many people are gathered closely together. It is often used to describe busy public spaces like train stations, festivals, or shopping districts. For example: There was a big crowd at the station「駅には大きな人込みがあった」(えきにはおおきなひとごみがあった). I don't like crowded places「私は人込みが苦手です」(わたしはひとごみがにがてです). The word carries a nuance of being packed or dense with people, and it can sometimes imply a sense of discomfort or chaos due to the large number of people.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5850

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Junior college

Reading

Kanji

短Short 期Time, Period 大Big 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '短期大学 (たんきだいがく)' refers to a 'junior college', which is a type of higher education institution in Japan. These institutions typically offer two-year programs, focusing on practical and vocational education. Junior colleges are often chosen by students who wish to enter the workforce quickly or who are seeking specialized training in fields such as nursing, early childhood education, or business. Example sentences: She graduated from a junior college「彼女は短期大学を卒業しました」(かのじょはたんきだいがくをそつぎょうしました). I am studying at a junior college「私は短期大学で勉強しています」(わたしはたんきだいがくでべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5851

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Limited

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有限 (ゆうげん)' means 'limited' or 'finite'. It is used to describe something that has boundaries, constraints, or a definite end. This term is often used in contexts such as time, resources, or capabilities. For example: The resources are limited「資源は有限です」(しげんはゆうげんです). Our time on Earth is finite「地球での時間は有限です」(ちきゅうでのじかんはゆうげんです). It can also be used in business contexts, such as '有限会社 (ゆうげんがいしゃ)', which refers to a limited liability company.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5852

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leeway

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ゆとり (yutori)' refers to 'leeway' or 'room to spare'. It is often used to describe a situation where there is extra time, space, or flexibility available. This word can be applied in various contexts, such as scheduling, physical space, or even mental capacity. For example: There is some leeway in the schedule「スケジュールにゆとりがある」(すけじゅーるにゆとりがある). We need a room with more space「もっとゆとりのある部屋が必要だ」(もっとゆとりのあるへやがひつようだ). The concept of 'ゆとり' is also associated with the idea of not being overly stressed or rushed, emphasizing a balanced and comfortable approach to life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5853

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Infinite

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無限 (むげん)' means 'infinite'. It is used to describe something that has no limits, boundaries, or end. This word can be applied to abstract concepts like time, space, or possibilities, as well as physical entities. For example: the universe is infinite「宇宙は無限だ」(うちゅうはむげんだ). His patience seems infinite「彼の忍耐は無限のようだ」(かれのにんたいはむげんのようだ). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '無限ループ (むげんループ)' (infinite loop) or '無限大 (むげんだい)' (infinity).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5854

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unlimited

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing 制System, Control 限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '無制限 (むせいげん)' means 'unlimited'. It is used to describe something that has no restrictions, limits, or boundaries. This term is often used in contexts related to time, resources, or access. For example: unlimited data plan「無制限のデータプラン」(むせいげんのでーたぷらん). The buffet offers unlimited refills「そのビュッフェは無制限にリフィルできます」(そのびゅっふぇはむせいげんにりふぃるできます). Note that '無制限' is typically used in formal or technical contexts and is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5855

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mind body

Reading

Kanji

心Heart 身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '心身 (しんしん)' refers to the combination of the mind and body, often used to describe the holistic state of a person's mental and physical well-being. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of mental and physical health. For example: maintaining mind-body balance is important「心身のバランスを保つことは大切です」(しんしんのバランスをたもつことはたいせつです). The retreat focuses on mind-body healing「そのリトリートは心身の癒しに焦点を当てています」(そのリトリートはしんしんのいやしにしょうてんをあてています). This term is commonly used in contexts related to health, wellness, and self-care.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5856

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Investment, Insertion

Reading

Kanji

投Throw 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '投入 (とうにゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'investment', referring to the act of putting resources (such as time, money, or effort) into something with the expectation of achieving a benefit. For example: The company made a large investment in new technology「会社は新しい技術に大きな投入をした」(かいしゃはあたらしいぎじゅつにおおきなとうにゅうをした). The second meaning is 'insertion', which refers to the act of putting something into a place or system. For example: Insert the card into the machine「カードを機械に投入してください」(かーどをきかいにとうにゅうしてください). These two meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the word is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5857

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Judgment, Decision

Reading

Kanji

判Judge, Stamp 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '判定 (はんてい)' refers to the act of making a judgment or decision, often based on specific criteria or rules. It is commonly used in contexts such as sports, competitions, or evaluations where an official or authoritative decision is required. For example: The referee's judgment was fair「審判の判定は公平だった」(しんぱんのはんていはこうへいだった). The decision on the winner was difficult「勝者の判定は難しかった」(しょうしゃのはんていはむずかしかった). This word emphasizes the formal or official nature of the judgment being made.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5858

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Witness

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 撃Beat, Strike

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目撃 (もくげき)' means 'witness' or 'eyewitness'. It refers to the act of seeing an event, typically something significant or unusual, with one's own eyes. This word is often used in contexts involving accidents, crimes, or other notable incidents. For example: I witnessed the accident「私はその事故を目撃した」(わたしはそのじこをもくげきした). The police are looking for witnesses「警察は目撃者を探している」(けいさつはもくげきしゃをさがしている). The nuance of '目撃' emphasizes the direct observation of an event, making it a key term in legal or investigative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5859

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deal, Handle

Reading

Kanji

取Take 扱Handle

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り扱う (とりあつかう)' primarily means 'to handle' or 'to deal with'. It is used to describe the act of managing, treating, or dealing with something, whether it be physical objects, situations, or abstract concepts. For example: This store handles imported goods「この店は輸入品を取り扱う」(このみせはゆにゅうひんをとりあつかう). The lawyer deals with difficult cases「その弁護士は難しい事件を取り扱う」(そのべんごしはむずかしいじけんをとりあつかう). The verb can also imply a sense of responsibility or care in how something is managed, such as in '取り扱い注意 (とりあつかいちゅうい)' (handle with care).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5860

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awaken

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 覚Remember, Awake

Explanation

The Japanese verb '目覚める (めざめる)' means 'to awaken' or 'to wake up'. It is commonly used to describe the act of waking up from sleep, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe becoming aware of something or realizing a new perspective. For example: I woke up early「私は早く目覚めた」(わたしははやくめざめた). He awakened to the importance of the environment「彼は環境の重要性に目覚めた」(かれはかんきょうのじゅうようせいにめざめた). The verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5861

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bargain

Reading

Kanji

値Value, Price 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '値切る (ねぎる)' means 'to bargain' or 'to haggle'. It is used when negotiating the price of something, typically to get a lower price. This verb is commonly used in markets, shops, or when dealing with sellers. For example: I bargained with the seller「売り手と値切った」(うりてとねぎった). He tried to bargain for a cheaper price「彼は安くしてもらおうと値切った」(かれはやすくしてもらおうとねぎった). Note that this verb is often used in informal or casual settings and may not be appropriate in formal business negotiations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5862

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advance, Ticket

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 売Sell 券Ticket

Explanation

The Japanese noun '前売り券 (まえうりけん)' refers to a ticket that is sold in advance, before the actual event or performance. It is commonly used for concerts, movies, theater performances, and other events. The word combines '前売り (まえうり)', meaning 'advance sale', and '券 (けん)', meaning 'ticket'. For example: I bought an advance ticket for the concert「コンサートの前売り券を買いました」(コンサートのまえうりけんをかいました). The advance tickets are cheaper「前売り券の方が安いです」(まえうりけんのほうがやすいです). This term is often used in contexts where tickets are sold before the event date, offering benefits like lower prices or guaranteed entry.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5863

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vague

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ぼんやり (ぼんやり)' means 'vague' or 'unclear'. It is often used to describe something that is indistinct, hazy, or not clearly defined. This can refer to physical appearances, such as a blurry image, or abstract concepts, like vague memories or ideas. For example: The mountain looks vague in the fog「霧の中で山がぼんやり見える」(きりのなかでやまがぼんやりみえる). I have a vague memory of that day「その日の記憶がぼんやりしている」(そのひのきおくがぼんやりしている). Additionally, 'ぼんやり' can describe a person who is absent-minded or not paying attention, as in: He was staring vaguely into space「彼はぼんやりと空を見つめていた」(かれはぼんやりとそらをみつめていた).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

5864

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Index finger

Reading

Kanji

人Person 差Difference 指Finger

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人差し指 (ひとさしゆび)' refers to the 'index finger', which is the second digit of the human hand, located between the thumb and the middle finger. This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and medical contexts. For example: I hurt my index finger「人差し指をけがした」(ひとさしゆびをけがした). She pointed at the map with her index finger「彼女は人差し指で地図を指した」(かのじょはひとさしゆびでちずをさした). The term is a compound of '人 (ひと)' meaning 'person', '差し (さし)' meaning 'pointing', and '指 (ゆび)' meaning 'finger', literally translating to 'the finger used for pointing'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5865

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dissection

Reading

Kanji

解Solve, Untie 剖Divide, Cut up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '解剖 (かいぼう)' primarily means 'dissection'. It refers to the act of cutting apart or separating tissues for detailed examination, often used in medical or biological contexts. For example: The dissection of the frog was conducted in the biology class「生物学の授業でカエルの解剖が行われた」(せいぶつがくのじゅぎょうでカエルのかいぼうがおこなわれた). The doctor performed a dissection to understand the cause of death「医師は死因を理解するために解剖を行った」(いしはしいんをりかいするためにかいぼうをおこなった). This term can also metaphorically describe a thorough analysis or examination of a subject, such as in literature or philosophy, where one might dissect an argument or a text to understand its components deeply.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5866

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fraud

Reading

Kanji

詐Lie, Swindle 欺Deceit, Deceive

Explanation

The Japanese noun '詐欺 (さぎ)' means 'fraud'. It refers to the act of deceiving someone for personal gain, often involving money or property. This word is commonly used in legal, financial, and everyday contexts to describe scams, swindles, or dishonest schemes. For example: He was arrested for fraud「彼は詐欺で逮捕された」(かれはさぎでたいほされた). This is a classic case of fraud「これは典型的な詐欺です」(これはてんけいてきなさぎです). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '詐欺師 (さぎし)' (fraudster or con artist).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5867

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exceed

Reading

Kanji

上Up 回Revolve, Times

Explanation

The Japanese verb '上回る (うわまわる)' means 'to exceed' or 'to surpass'. It is used when something goes beyond a certain limit, standard, or expectation. This verb is often used in contexts involving numbers, performance, or achievements. For example: The sales exceeded expectations「売り上げは予想を上回った」(うりあげはよそうをうわまわった). His score surpassed the class average「彼の点数はクラスの平均を上回った」(かれのてんすうはクラスのへいきんをうわまわった). Note that '上回る' is typically used in formal or written contexts and implies a measurable comparison.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5868

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finger, Middle

Reading

Kanji

中Center 指Finger

Explanation

The Japanese noun '中指 (なかゆび)' refers specifically to the 'middle finger'. It is the third digit of the hand, located between the index finger and the ring finger. This term is used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: I hurt my middle finger「中指を怪我した」(なかゆびをけがした). She pointed with her middle finger「彼女は中指で指した」(かのじょはなかゆびでさした). In some cultures, raising the middle finger can be considered an offensive gesture, but in Japanese, the term itself is neutral and simply refers to the anatomical part.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5869

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unbearable

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'たまらない' describes something that is so intense or overwhelming that it becomes unbearable or irresistible. It is often used to express strong emotions, desires, or sensations, both positive and negative. For example: This heat is unbearable「この暑さはたまらない」(このあつさはたまらない). I can't resist sweets「甘いものがたまらない」(あまいものがたまらない). The word can also imply a sense of being unable to hold back or control oneself due to the intensity of the feeling. It is commonly used in casual conversations and carries an emotional nuance.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

5870

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unstable

Reading

Kanji

不Not 安Cheap, Relax 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不安定 (ふあんてい)' means 'unstable'. It is used to describe something that lacks stability, whether physically, emotionally, or situationally. For example: the economy is unstable「経済は不安定だ」(けいざいはふあんていだ). Her mood is unstable「彼女の気分は不安定だ」(かのじょのきぶんはふあんていだ). This word can also describe something that is precarious or uncertain, such as an unstable relationship「不安定な関係」(ふあんていなかんけい).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5871

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Capacity

Reading

Kanji

定Determine 員Member

Explanation

The Japanese noun '定員 (ていいん)' refers to the fixed number of people or items that a place, vehicle, or institution can accommodate. It is commonly used in contexts such as seating capacity in theaters, passenger limits in vehicles, or enrollment limits in schools. For example: The bus has a capacity of 50 passengers「バスの定員は50人です」(ばすのていいんはごじゅうにんです). The classroom has a capacity of 30 students「教室の定員は30人です」(きょうしつのていいんはさんじゅうにんです). This term is often seen in public transportation, event planning, and educational settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5872

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reception

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '受け付け (うけつけ)' refers to a reception or front desk, typically in places like offices, hotels, or clinics. It is the area where visitors or clients are greeted and attended to. For example: Please go to the reception「受付に行ってください」(うけつけにいってください). The reception is on the first floor「受付は一階です」(うけつけはいっかいです). This term can also refer to the act of accepting or receiving something, such as applications or forms, but the primary and most common usage is for the physical reception area.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5873

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duty

Reading

Kanji

義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese noun '義 (ぎ)' primarily means 'duty' or 'moral obligation'. It is often used in contexts related to ethics, justice, or righteousness. This word can also refer to a sense of loyalty or a moral principle that one feels compelled to follow. For example: He fulfilled his duty「彼は義を果たした」(かれはぎをはたした). Justice is important「義は大切だ」(ぎはたいせつだ). The concept of '義' is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is often associated with samurai ethics and Confucian values.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5874

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cash

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'キャッシュ (kyasshu)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'cash'. It refers to physical money in the form of bills and coins, as opposed to digital or credit-based transactions. This term is commonly used in everyday conversations, especially in contexts related to shopping, banking, or financial transactions. For example: I paid in cash「キャッシュで支払いました」(きゃっしゅではらいました). Do you have cash?「キャッシュを持っていますか？」(きゃっしゅをもっていますか？). It is important to note that this word is often used in informal settings and is widely understood in Japan due to its English origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5875

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beast

Reading

Kanji

獣Beast, Animal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '獣 (けもの)' refers to a 'beast' or 'wild animal'. It is often used to describe animals that are untamed, dangerous, or live in the wild. This word carries a slightly negative or primal connotation, emphasizing the wild and untamed nature of the animal. For example: The forest is full of beasts「森には獣がたくさんいる」(もりにはけものがたくさんいる). He fought like a beast「彼は獣のように戦った」(かれはけもののようにたたかった). Note that this word is distinct from more neutral terms like '動物 (どうぶつ)' (animal), as it specifically highlights the wild or untamed aspect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5876

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Undecided

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet 定Determine

Explanation

The Japanese noun '未定 (みてい)' means 'undecided' or 'not yet determined'. It is used to describe situations, plans, or decisions that have not been finalized or settled. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as scheduling, planning, or decision-making processes. For example: The date is still undecided「日付はまだ未定です」(ひづけはまだみていです). The venue for the event is undecided「イベントの会場は未定です」(イベントのかいじょうはみていです). It can also be used in casual contexts to express uncertainty, such as: I'm undecided about what to eat「何を食べるか未定です」(なにをたべるかみていです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5877

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Motor

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'モーター (もーたー)' refers to a 'motor', which is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. This word is commonly used in contexts related to machinery, vehicles, or devices that require a motor to function. For example: The motor is broken「モーターが壊れた」(もーたーがこわれた). This car has a powerful motor「この車は強力なモーターを持っている」(このくるまはきょうりょくなもーたーをもっている). The word is a loanword from English and is written in katakana, reflecting its foreign origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5878

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mischief, Prank

Reading

Kanji

悪Evil 戯Play, Frolic

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悪戯 (いたずら)' can mean 'mischief' or 'prank'. It refers to playful or harmless actions intended to cause amusement or minor trouble. It can also imply a sense of naughtiness or teasing. For example: The child's mischief made everyone laugh「子供の悪戯がみんなを笑わせた」(こどものいたずらがみんなをわらわせた). He played a prank on his friend「彼は友達に悪戯をした」(かれはともだちにいたずらをした). The word can sometimes carry a slightly negative connotation depending on the context, but it generally describes lighthearted behavior.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5879

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Left side

Reading

Kanji

左Left 側Side

Explanation

The Japanese noun '左側 (ひだりがわ)' means 'left side'. It refers to the side of something that is on the left when facing a particular direction. This word is commonly used in everyday situations, such as giving directions or describing the position of objects. For example: The bookstore is on the left side「本屋は左側です」(ほんやはひだりがわです). Please sit on the left side「左側に座ってください」(ひだりがわにすわってください). The word is often used in combination with other nouns to specify location, such as '左側のドア (ひだりがわのドア) (the left-side door)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5880

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Switzerland

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'スイス (suisu)' refers to the country Switzerland. It is a direct transliteration of the English word 'Switzerland' into katakana, which is commonly used for foreign names and loanwords. For example: I want to visit Switzerland「スイスに行きたいです」(すいすにいきたいです). Switzerland is famous for its chocolate「スイスはチョコレートで有名です」(すいすはちょこれーとでゆうめいです). The word is used in the same contexts as in English, referring to the country, its culture, or anything related to Switzerland.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

5881

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Set meal

Reading

Kanji

定Determine 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '定食 (ていしょく)' refers to a 'set meal' or 'meal set' commonly served in Japanese restaurants. It typically includes a main dish (such as fish, meat, or tofu), rice, miso soup, and a small side dish or pickles. This term is widely used in casual dining settings and is a convenient option for a balanced meal. For example: I ordered a grilled fish set meal「焼き魚の定食を注文しました」(やきさかのていしょくをちゅうもんしました). The lunch set meal comes with miso soup「ランチの定食には味噌汁が付きます」(ランチのていしょくにはみそしるがつきます). The word emphasizes the completeness and fixed nature of the meal, making it a popular choice for quick and satisfying dining.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5882

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Regular holiday

Reading

Kanji

定Determine 休Rest 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '定休日 (ていきゅうび)' means 'regular holiday.' This word is used to refer to the fixed day or period when a business or store is regularly closed, such as a specific day of the week. Example: Today is our regular holiday 「今日は定休日です」 (きょうはていきゅうびです). The store is closed on its regular holiday 「その店は定休日に閉まります」 (そのみせはていきゅうびにしまります). This term is commonly used in contexts related to stores, restaurants, and other businesses that operate on a fixed schedule.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5883

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forecast

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 報Report, News

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予報 (よほう)' means 'forecast'. It is commonly used to refer to predictions or estimates about future events, particularly in contexts like weather forecasts or economic forecasts. For example: The weather forecast says it will rain tomorrow「天気予報では明日は雨だと言っています」(てんきよほうではあしたはあめだといっています). The economic forecast is optimistic「経済予報は楽観的です」(けいざいよほうはらっかんてきです). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts and is typically paired with specific types of forecasts, such as '天気予報 (てんきよほう)' for weather forecasts or '地震予報 (じしんよほう)' for earthquake predictions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5884

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prophecy

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予言 (よげん)' means 'prophecy'. It refers to a prediction or foretelling of future events, often believed to be divinely inspired or based on supernatural insight. This term is commonly used in contexts involving religion, mythology, or speculative fiction. For example: The prophecy came true「予言が実現した」(よげんがじつげんした). He made a prophecy about the end of the world「彼は世界の終わりについて予言した」(かれはせかいのおわりについてよげんした). The nuance of '予言' often implies a sense of inevitability or destiny, distinguishing it from more casual predictions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5885

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Painting

Reading

Kanji

絵Picture 画Picture

Explanation

The Japanese noun '絵画 (かいが)' refers to 'painting' as an art form. It is used to describe works of art created with paint, typically on canvas or paper. This term is often used in formal or artistic contexts. For example: I like this painting「この絵画が好きです」(このかいががすきです). The museum has many paintings「美術館には多くの絵画があります」(びじゅつかんにはおおくのかいががあります). The word can also refer to the broader category of visual art, but it is most commonly associated with painted works.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5886

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inheritance

Reading

Kanji

継Succeed, Inherit 承Consent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '継承 (けいしょう)' primarily means 'inheritance'. It refers to the act of receiving or taking over something, such as property, rights, responsibilities, or traditions, from a predecessor. This term is commonly used in legal, cultural, and familial contexts. For example: He received the inheritance from his father「彼は父親から継承を受けた」(かれはちちおやからけいしょうをうけた). The company is focused on the inheritance of traditional craftsmanship「その会社は伝統工芸の継承に力を入れている」(そのかいしゃはでんとうこうげいのけいしょうにちからをいれている). In a broader sense, '継承' can also imply the continuation or preservation of ideas, values, or practices across generations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5887

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sesame

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ゴマ (ごま)' refers to 'sesame', a small seed used in cooking and as a condiment. It is commonly used in Japanese cuisine, such as in dishes like goma-ae (sesame dressing) or as a topping for rice. Sesame seeds can be black or white, and they are often toasted to enhance their flavor. Example sentences: I sprinkled sesame on the rice「ご飯にゴマをかけました」(ごはんにごまをかけました). This salad has sesame dressing「このサラダはゴマドレッシングです」(このサラダはごまドレッシングです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

5888

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

City

Reading

Kanji

市City, Market 街Street, Boulevard

Explanation

The Japanese noun '市街 (しがい)' refers to the urban or city area, typically the built-up part of a city with streets, buildings, and infrastructure. It is often used to describe the central or commercial district of a city. For example: The city is bustling with activity「市街は活気で溢れている」(しがいわかっきであふれている). We walked through the city at night「私たちは夜に市街を歩いた」(わたしたちはよるにしがいをあるいた). This term is commonly used in contexts related to urban planning, geography, or everyday descriptions of city life.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5889

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lifespan

Reading

Kanji

寿Longevity, Congratulations 命Command, Life

Explanation

The Japanese noun '寿命 (じゅみょう)' refers to the length of time that a living being, object, or system is expected to live or function. It is commonly used in contexts discussing the natural life expectancy of humans, animals, or even the durability of machines and technology. For example: The lifespan of a cat is about 15 years「猫の寿命は約15年です」(ねこのじゅみょうはやく15ねんです). This smartphone has a short lifespan「このスマートフォンは寿命が短い」(このスマートフォンはじゅみょうがみじかい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the 'life' of non-living things, such as the lifespan of a product or trend.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5890

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clause, Article

Reading

Kanji

条Clause 項Clause, Paragraph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '条項 (じょうこう)' refers to a specific clause or article within a document, contract, law, or agreement. It is commonly used in legal or formal contexts to denote a distinct provision or stipulation. For example: Please review clause 5 of the contract「契約の第5条項を確認してください」(けいやくのだいごじょうこうをかくにんしてください). This article is important「この条項は重要です」(このじょうこうはじゅうようです). The word is often used in discussions about legal documents, treaties, or regulations, where precision and clarity are essential.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5891

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Assistant

Reading

Kanji

助Help 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '助手 (じょしゅ)' means 'assistant'. It refers to someone who provides help or support, often in a professional or academic setting. For example, in a university, a '助手' might assist a professor with research or teaching. In a workplace, it could refer to a junior staff member who supports more senior colleagues. Example sentences: The assistant prepared the documents「助手が書類を準備した」(じょしゅがしょるいをじゅんびした). She works as an assistant at the university「彼女は大学で助手として働いている」(かのじょはだいがくでじょしゅとしてはたらいている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5892

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Photograph

Reading

Kanji

写Copy, Photograph

Explanation

The Japanese verb '写る (うつる)' means 'to be photographed' or 'to appear in a photo'. It is used when describing something or someone that is captured in a photograph. This verb is often used in passive contexts, where the subject is the one being photographed. For example: I was photographed「私が写った」(わたしがうつった). The mountain appears in the photo「山が写真に写る」(やまがしゃしんにうつる). Note that this verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object. The focus is on the subject being captured in the photo rather than the act of taking the photo itself.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5893

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Switch

Reading

Kanji

切Cut 替Replace, Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verb '切り替える (きりかえる)' means 'to switch' or 'to change over'. It is commonly used when referring to changing from one state, mode, or focus to another. This can apply to physical switches, mental states, or even tasks. For example: I switched the TV channel「テレビのチャンネルを切り替えた」(てれびのちゃんねるをきりかえた). She quickly switched her focus to the next task「彼女はすぐに次のタスクに切り替えた」(かのじょはすぐにつぎのタスクにきりかえた). The verb often implies a deliberate or necessary change, such as adapting to a new situation or shifting priorities.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5894

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Obsessed, Captured

Reading

Kanji

捕Catch

Explanation

The Japanese verb '捕らわれる (とらわれる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'captured', referring to being physically caught or seized, often in a literal sense. The second meaning is 'obsessed', referring to being mentally or emotionally caught up in something, such as an idea or emotion. Example sentences: The thief was captured by the police「泥棒は警察に捕らわれた」(どろぼうはけいさつにとらわれた). She is obsessed with her past「彼女は過去に捕らわれている」(かのじょはかこにとらわれている). The verb can be used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, making it versatile in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5895

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dry

Reading

Kanji

干Dry

Explanation

The Japanese verb '干す (ほす)' means 'to dry'. It is commonly used to describe the action of drying something, such as clothes, food, or other items. For example: I will dry the laundry「洗濯物を干します」(せんたくものをほします). She dried the fish in the sun「彼女は魚を干した」(かのじょはさかなをほした). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe leaving someone out or neglecting them, as in '彼は会議で干された (かれはかいぎでほされた) (He was left out of the meeting).' The verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts related to drying or exposure to air.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5896

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bundle

Reading

Kanji

束Bundle, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '束 (たば)' refers to a 'bundle' or a collection of items tied together. It is commonly used to describe things like a bundle of sticks, flowers, or papers. For example: a bundle of flowers「花の束」(はなたば). He gave me a bundle of letters「彼は私に手紙の束をくれた」(かれはわたしにてがみのたばをくれた). The word can also imply a sense of grouping or clustering, often tied or bound in some way.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5897

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bouquet

Reading

Kanji

花Flower 束Bundle, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '花束 (はなたば)' refers to a 'bouquet' of flowers. It is commonly used to describe a collection of flowers arranged together, often given as a gift for special occasions such as weddings, anniversaries, or celebrations. For example: She received a beautiful bouquet「彼女は美しい花束をもらった」(かのじょはうつくしいはなたばをもらった). I bought a bouquet for my mother「母に花束を買った」(ははにはなたばをかった). The word emphasizes the arrangement and presentation of flowers, often tied together or placed in a decorative manner.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5898

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal 更Renew, Grow late

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '変更 (へんこう)' means 'change' and refers to the act of altering or modifying something. It is commonly used in formal or technical contexts, such as changing plans, schedules, or settings. For example: I made a change to the schedule「スケジュールを変更しました」(すけじゅーるをへんこうしました). Please change the settings「設定を変更してください」(せっていをへんこうしてください). Note that '変更' is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the object being changed, as in '変更をする (へんこうをする)' (to make a change).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5899

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Staying up late

Reading

Kanji

夜Night 更Renew, Grow late

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '夜更かし (よふかし)' refers to the act of staying up late at night, often past one's usual bedtime. It is commonly used to describe staying awake late into the night, whether for work, study, entertainment, or other activities. For example: I stayed up late last night「昨夜は夜更かしをした」(さくやはよふかしをした). Staying up late is bad for your health「夜更かしは健康に悪い」(よふかしはけんこうにわるい). This term carries a nuance of staying awake longer than usual, often implying a lack of sleep or a deviation from a regular sleep schedule.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5900

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting