Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Frequency of Use

word

Meaning

Solidify, Harden

Reading

Kanji

固Hard

Explanation

The Japanese verb '固まる (かたまる)' primarily means 'to harden' or 'to solidify'. It is used to describe the process of something becoming physically solid or firm, such as concrete hardening or jelly setting. It can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or plans becoming fixed or settled. For example: The cement has hardened「セメントが固まった」(セメントがかたまった). Our plans have solidified「私たちの計画が固まった」(わたしたちのけいかくがかたまった). The verb can also imply a sense of stability or becoming unchangeable, as in opinions or relationships solidifying over time.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6201

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discuss

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verb '論じる (ろんじる)' means 'to discuss' or 'to argue' in a formal or logical manner. It is often used in contexts where a topic is being analyzed, debated, or examined in detail, such as in academic, professional, or intellectual settings. For example: The professor discussed the theory「教授はその理論を論じた」(きょうじゅはそのりろんをろんじた). They argued about the future of the economy「彼らは経済の未来について論じた」(かれらはけいざいのみらいについてろんじた). This verb implies a structured or thoughtful approach to discussion, rather than casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6202

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Each

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'めいめい (めいめい)' means 'each' or 'individually'. It is used to refer to every individual in a group, emphasizing that something applies to or is done by each person separately. This word is often used in contexts where individual responsibility or action is highlighted. For example: Each person should bring their own lunch「めいめいが自分のお弁当を持ってくるべきだ」(めいめいがじぶんのおべんとうをもってくるべきだ). The students solved the problem individually「学生たちはめいめいで問題を解いた」(がくせいたちはめいめいでもんだいをといた). Note that 'めいめい' is more formal and less commonly used in casual conversation compared to alternatives like 'それぞれ'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

6203

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scarce

Reading

Kanji

乏Scanty, Scarce

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '乏しい (とぼしい)' means 'scarce' or 'lacking'. It is used to describe a situation where something is in short supply or insufficient. This can apply to physical resources, abstract qualities, or even skills. For example: The region has scarce water resources「その地域は水が乏しい」(そのちいきはみずがとぼしい). His knowledge of history is lacking「彼の歴史の知識は乏しい」(かれのれきしのちしきはとぼしい). The word often carries a nuance of insufficiency or deficiency, and it is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6204

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mention

Reading

Kanji

言Say 及Reach, Extend

Explanation

The Japanese noun '言及 (げんきゅう)' means 'mention'. It refers to the act of bringing up or referring to a particular topic, subject, or person in speech or writing. This word is often used in formal contexts, such as academic discussions, reports, or news articles. For example: The article mentions the new policy「その記事は新しい政策に言及している」(そのきじはあたらしいせいさくにげんきゅうしている). The speaker did not mention the incident「スピーカーはその事件に言及しなかった」(スピーカーはそのじけんにげんきゅうしなかった). It is important to note that '言及' is typically used in contexts where the mention is deliberate and significant, rather than casual or offhand.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6205

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prescription

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '処方 (しょほう)' refers to a 'prescription' in the medical context. It specifically denotes the act of prescribing medication or the written instructions provided by a doctor for the preparation and administration of a medicine. This term is commonly used in healthcare settings. For example: The doctor wrote a prescription「医者が処方を書いた」(いしゃがしょほうをかいた). I need to take this prescription to the pharmacy「この処方を薬局に持っていかなければならない」(このしょほうをやっきょくにもっていかなければならない). The word is often associated with medical treatment and is essential in contexts involving healthcare and medication management.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6206

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bomb

Reading

Kanji

爆Burst, Explode 弾Bullet, Projectile

Explanation

The Japanese noun '爆弾 (ばくだん)' means 'bomb'. It refers to an explosive weapon designed to cause destruction. This word is often used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The bomb exploded「爆弾が爆発した」(ばくだんがばくはつした). He dropped a bombshell during the meeting「彼は会議中に爆弾を落とした」(かれはかいぎちゅうにばくだんをおとした). In figurative usage, it can describe shocking news or revelations. The word is neutral in tone but carries a strong connotation of danger or surprise.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6207

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arms

Reading

Kanji

武Military 装Dress, Attire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '武装 (ぶそう)' refers to 'arms' or 'weapons'. It is commonly used to describe the act of equipping oneself or a group with weapons, or the state of being armed. This term can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as military or ideological 'arming'. For example: The soldiers were armed「兵士たちは武装していた」(へいしたちはぶそうしていた). The country is arming itself against threats「その国は脅威に対して武装している」(そのくにはきょういに対してぶそうしている). Note that '武装' can also imply preparation or readiness in a broader sense, such as '武装した思想' (ぶそうしたしそう) meaning 'armed ideology' or a well-prepared mindset.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6208

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Brake

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ブレーキ (bureeki)' means 'brake'. It refers to the device used to slow down or stop a vehicle, machine, or other moving object. This word is commonly used in contexts related to cars, bicycles, or any mechanical system that requires stopping or slowing. For example: The brake doesn't work「ブレーキが効かない」(ブレーキがきかない). Please step on the brake「ブレーキを踏んでください」(ブレーキをふんでください). The word is borrowed from English and is written in katakana, reflecting its foreign origin.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6209

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calorie

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'カロリー (karorii)' refers to 'calorie', a unit of energy. It is commonly used in contexts related to food, nutrition, and diet to indicate the energy content of food items. For example: this cake has 300 calories「このケーキは300カロリーです」(このケーキはさんびゃくカロリーです). I check the calories of everything I eat「私は食べるもののカロリーをチェックします」(わたしはたべるもののカロリーをチェックします). This suffix is often attached to numbers to specify the calorie count, as in '100カロリー (ひゃくカロリー) (100 calories)'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

6210

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recall

Reading

Kanji

思Think 浮Float

Explanation

The Japanese verb '思い浮かべる (おもいうかべる)' means 'to recall' or 'to bring to mind'. It is used when someone thinks of something or someone, often spontaneously or vividly. This verb is commonly used in contexts where memories, images, or ideas come to mind. For example: I recalled my childhood「私は子供時代を思い浮かべた」(わたしはこどもじだいをおもいうかべた). He recalled her smile「彼は彼女の笑顔を思い浮かべた」(かれはかのじょのえがおをおもいうかべた). The verb can also imply a sense of visualization or imagination, as in '思い浮かべる' often involves picturing something in one's mind.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6211

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tilt

Reading

Kanji

傾Incline, Lean

Explanation

The Japanese verb '傾げる (かしげる)' means 'to tilt' or 'to incline'. It is often used to describe the action of tilting one's head, typically to express confusion, curiosity, or thoughtfulness. For example: She tilted her head in confusion「彼女は首を傾げた」(かのじょはくびをかしげた). The vase tilted and fell「花瓶が傾げて倒れた」(かびんがかしげてたおれた). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe leaning or inclining towards an opinion or idea. For instance: He tilted towards the new proposal「彼は新しい提案に傾げた」(かれはあたらしいていあんにかしげた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6212

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rejection, Rebound

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 発Departure

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反発 (はんぱつ)' has two distinct meanings. The first is 'rejection', which refers to a strong opposition or resistance to something, such as an idea, authority, or proposal. For example: His proposal met with strong rejection「彼の提案は強い反発を受けた」(かれのていあんはつよいはんぱつをうけた). The second meaning is 'rebound', which refers to a physical or metaphorical bounce-back, such as a ball rebounding or a market recovering. For example: The ball rebounded off the wall「ボールは壁に反発した」(ぼーるはかべにはんぱつした). These two meanings are unrelated and context-dependent, so it's important to distinguish between them based on usage.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6213

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Influence, Reflection

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 映Reflect

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反映 (はんえい)' has two distinct meanings. The first is 'reflection', which refers to the literal or figurative representation of something, such as light or ideas. For example: The lake reflects the mountains「湖が山を反映している」(みずうみがやまをはんえいしている). The second meaning is 'influence', where something affects or shapes another thing. For example: The new policy reflects public opinion「新しい政策は世論を反映している」(あたらしいせいさくはよろんをはんえいしている). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as in discussions about art, science, or politics.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6214

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Objection

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反論 (はんろん)' means 'objection' or 'counterargument'. It refers to the act of opposing or disputing a statement, opinion, or argument. This term is often used in formal or intellectual discussions, debates, or legal contexts. For example: he raised an objection to the proposal「彼は提案に反論した」(かれはていあんにはんろんした). Her counterargument was very convincing「彼女の反論はとても説得力があった」(かのじょのはんろんはとてもせっとくりょくがあった). Note that '反論' is typically used as a noun but can also function as a suru-verb (反論する) to mean 'to object' or 'to refute'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6215

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Somehow

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'どうにか (どうにか)' means 'somehow'. It is used to express that something is done or achieved, but with difficulty or uncertainty. It often implies that the outcome is not perfect, but sufficient or acceptable. For example: I managed to finish the project somehow「どうにかプロジェクトを終わらせた」(どうにかぷろじぇくとをおわらせた). We somehow made it through the storm「どうにか嵐を乗り切った」(どうにかあらしをのりきった). This word can also convey a sense of relief or accomplishment despite challenges.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

6216

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foul

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 則Rule

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反則 (はんそく)' refers to a violation or foul, particularly in the context of rules, regulations, or sports. It is commonly used to describe actions that break established rules, whether in games, competitions, or formal agreements. For example: That was a foul!「それは反則だ！」(それははんそくだ！). He committed a foul during the match「彼は試合中に反則を犯した」(かれはしあいちゅうにはんそくをおかした). The term can also extend to broader contexts, such as breaking societal or ethical rules, though it is most frequently associated with sports and games.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6217

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dialogue

Reading

Kanji

対Against 話Talk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対話 (たいわ)' means 'dialogue'. It refers to a conversation or exchange of ideas between two or more people, often with the intention of understanding or resolving something. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as in discussions about politics, philosophy, or interpersonal relationships. For example: We need more dialogue between the two countries「両国の間にもっと対話が必要だ」(りょうこくのあいだにもっとたいわがひつようだ). The teacher encouraged dialogue among the students「先生は生徒たちの対話を促した」(せんせいはせいとたちのたいわをうながした). It can also imply a deeper, meaningful conversation rather than casual small talk.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6218

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Response, Correspondence

Reading

Kanji

対Against 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対応 (たいおう)' can mean 'response' or 'correspondence'. It is used to describe the act of responding to something or someone, or the state of corresponding to a certain condition or standard. For example: quick response to customer inquiries「顧客の問い合わせに迅速に対応する」(こきゃくのといあわせにじんそくにたいおうする). This product corresponds to the latest standards「この製品は最新の基準に対応している」(このせいひんはさいしんのきじゅんにたいおうしている). The word is often used in business or technical contexts to describe how systems, services, or people handle situations or match requirements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6219

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reaction

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反応 (はんのう)' means 'reaction'. It refers to a response or change that occurs as a result of an action, event, or stimulus. This word is commonly used in both scientific and everyday contexts. For example: The chemical reaction was fast「化学反応は速かった」(かがくはんのうははやかった). Her reaction to the news was surprising「彼女のそのニュースへの反応は驚くものだった」(かのじょのそのニュースへのはんのうはおどろくものだった). It can also describe emotional or social responses, such as public reaction to a policy「政策への世間の反応」(せいさくへのせけんのはんのう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6220

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dialogue

Reading

Kanji

問Question, Problem 答Answer

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '問答 (もんどう)' refers to a dialogue or discussion, typically involving questions and answers. It is often used to describe a formal or philosophical exchange of ideas, but can also be used in everyday contexts. For example: The teacher and student had a dialogue「先生と生徒が問答した」(せんせいとせいとがもんどうした). The politicians engaged in a heated discussion「政治家たちが激しい問答をした」(せいじかたちがはげしいもんどうをした). The word can also imply a back-and-forth exchange, sometimes with a sense of debate or argument.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6221

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vast

Reading

Kanji

広Wide 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '広大 (こうだい)' means 'vast' and is used to describe something of immense size or scale, such as landscapes, areas, or abstract concepts like influence. It conveys a sense of grandeur and expansiveness. For example: The desert is vast「砂漠は広大だ」(さばくはこうだいだ). His influence is vast「彼の影響力は広大だ」(かれのえいきょうりょくはこうだいだ). This word is often used in formal or descriptive contexts to emphasize the sheer size or scope of something.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6222

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thoroughly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'じっくり' means 'thoroughly' or 'carefully'. It is used to describe doing something in a detailed, unhurried, and deliberate manner. This word often implies taking one's time to ensure completeness or understanding. For example: Let's think about it thoroughly「じっくり考えましょう」(じっくりかんがえましょう). She examined the document thoroughly「彼女は書類をじっくりと調べた」(かのじょはしょるいをじっくりとしらべた). This adverb is commonly used in contexts where careful attention or patience is required, such as studying, cooking, or analyzing something.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

6223

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oar

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'オア (oa)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'oar'. It refers to the long pole with a flat blade used for rowing or steering a boat. This term is used in contexts related to boating, rowing, or water sports. For example: He lost his oar「彼はオアを失った」(かれはオアをうしなった). The oar is made of wood「そのオアは木でできている」(そのオアはきでできている). Note that 'オア' is a katakana word, indicating its foreign origin, and is used in specific contexts related to rowing or boating.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6224

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Offing

Reading

Kanji

沖Open sea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '沖 (おき)' refers to the 'offing', which is the part of the sea that is visible from the shore but is distant from it. It is often used to describe the open sea or the area of water far from the coast. This term is commonly used in contexts related to fishing, sailing, or describing the sea. For example: The boat is heading towards the offing「船は沖に向かっている」(ふねはおきにむかっている). The offing is calm today「今日の沖は穏やかだ」(きょうのおきはおだやかだ). It is important to note that '沖' is specifically used to describe the sea and not inland bodies of water.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6225

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Escape

Reading

Kanji

脱Remove, Undress 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '脱出 (だっしゅつ)' means 'escape'. It refers to the act of getting away from a place, situation, or confinement, often implying a sense of urgency or difficulty. This word is commonly used in contexts involving physical escape, such as from a dangerous location, or metaphorical escape, such as from a difficult situation. For example: The prisoners planned their escape「囚人たちは脱出を計画した」(しゅうじんたちはだっしゅつをけいかくした). She managed to escape from the burning building「彼女は燃えている建物から脱出した」(かのじょはもえているたてものからだっしゅつした). The word can also be used in compound forms, such as '脱出口 (だっしゅつぐち)' meaning 'emergency exit'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6226

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

True feelings

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 音Sound

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本音 (ほんね)' refers to a person's true feelings or real intentions, as opposed to what they might say or show outwardly. It is often used in contrast to '建前 (たてまえ)', which refers to the facade or socially acceptable stance one might present. For example: He finally revealed his true feelings「彼はついに本音を言った」(かれはついにほんねをいった). It's hard to tell her true feelings「彼女の本音はわかりにくい」(かのじょのほんねはわかりにくい). The concept of '本音' is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, where maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict often leads to a distinction between what is said and what is truly felt.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6227

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Washington

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun 'ワシントン (washinton)' refers to 'Washington', which can denote either the U.S. state or the capital city, Washington, D.C. It is often used in contexts related to geography, politics, or history. For example: I visited Washington last year「去年ワシントンを訪れました」(きょねんワシントンをおとずれました). Washington is the capital of the United States「ワシントンはアメリカの首都です」(ワシントンはアメリカのしゅです). The pronunciation is borrowed directly from English, making it easily recognizable in Japanese contexts.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Frequency

6228

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Kanji

転Revolve

Explanation

The Japanese verb '転ずる (てんずる)' means 'to change' or 'to shift'. It is often used to describe a transformation or transition from one state or condition to another. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as changing one's mind, shifting focus, or altering circumstances. For example: He changed his mind「彼は考えを転じた」(かれはかんがえをてんじた). The situation suddenly shifted「状況が急に転じた」(じょうきょうがきゅうにてんじた). Note that '転ずる' is a somewhat formal or literary verb, and in everyday conversation, simpler verbs like '変える (かえる)' or '変わる (かわる)' are more commonly used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6229

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excite

Reading

Kanji

盛Prosper 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '盛り上がる (もりあがる)' primarily means 'to get excited' or 'to heat up'. It is often used to describe a situation, atmosphere, or mood becoming lively, enthusiastic, or intense. This verb can be applied to various contexts, such as parties, discussions, or events. For example: The party got really exciting「パーティーが盛り上がった」(ぱーてぃーがもりあがった). The discussion heated up「議論が盛り上がった」(ぎろんがもりあがった). It can also describe physical swelling or rising, such as dough rising「生地が盛り上がる」(きじがもりあがる). The nuance often implies a positive or energetic buildup.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6230

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unique

Reading

Kanji

特Special 有Exist

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '特有 (とくゆう)' means 'unique' or 'peculiar to'. It is used to describe something that is characteristic or distinctive to a particular thing, place, or group. This adjective often implies that the characteristic is not found elsewhere or is specific to the subject being described. For example: This plant is unique to Japan「この植物は日本特有です」(このしょくぶつはにほんとくゆうです). The culture has its own unique customs「その文化には特有の習慣がある」(そのぶんかにはとくゆうのしゅうかんがある).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6231

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Particularly, Separately

Reading

Kanji

別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '別に (べつに)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'particularly' or 'especially', often used in negative contexts to downplay something. For example: I don't particularly care「別に気にしない」(べつにきにしない). The second meaning is 'separately' or 'apart', indicating something is distinct or independent. For example: These are handled separately「これらは別に扱われる」(これらはべつにあつかわれる). The nuance of '別に' often conveys a sense of indifference or distinction, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6232

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calm

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'のどか (nodoka)' means 'calm' or 'peaceful'. It is often used to describe a serene, tranquil, or leisurely atmosphere, such as a quiet countryside or a relaxed day. This word carries a sense of gentle, unhurried peacefulness. For example: The countryside is calm「田舎はのどかだ」(いなかはのどかだ). It was a peaceful day「のどかな一日だった」(のどかないちにちだった). Note that 'のどか' is often used to describe environments or situations rather than people or emotions directly.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

6233

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Farewell

Reading

Kanji

送Send 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '送別 (そうべつ)' refers to the act of seeing someone off or bidding them farewell, often used in the context of someone leaving a workplace, school, or community. It is commonly associated with formal or ceremonial farewells, such as farewell parties or events. For example: We held a farewell party for our colleague「私たちは同僚の送別会を開きました」(わたしたちはどうりょうのそうべつかいをひらきました). The school organized a farewell ceremony for the graduating students「学校は卒業生の送別式を行いました」(がっこうはそつぎょうせいのそうべつしきをおこないました). This term is often used in formal or professional settings and carries a sense of respect and formality.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6234

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Farewell

Reading

Kanji

送Send 別Separate 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '送別会 (そうべつかい)' refers to a 'farewell party' or 'send-off gathering'. It is a common social event held to bid farewell to someone who is leaving, such as a colleague transferring to another location, a friend moving abroad, or a student graduating. The event typically involves speeches, gifts, and sometimes entertainment to express good wishes for the person's future. For example: We held a farewell party for our teacher「先生の送別会を開きました」(せんせいのそうべつかいをひらきました). I attended a farewell party last night「昨夜、送別会に出席しました」(さくや、そうべつかいにしゅっせきしました). The term emphasizes the communal aspect of saying goodbye and is deeply rooted in Japanese social customs.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6235

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expert

Reading

Kanji

専Exclusive, Specialty 門Gate 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '専門家 (せんもんか)' means 'expert'. It refers to a person who has specialized knowledge, skills, or experience in a particular field. This term is often used in professional or academic contexts to describe someone who is highly skilled or knowledgeable in their area of expertise. For example: He is an expert in economics「彼は経済の専門家です」(かれはけいざいのせんもんかです). We need to consult an expert「専門家に相談する必要があります」(せんもんかにそうだんするひつようがあります). The word can also imply a level of authority or trustworthiness in the given field.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6236

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Melody

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'メロディー (めろでぃー)' means 'melody'. It refers to a sequence of musical notes that are perceived as a single, cohesive entity, often forming the main theme of a song or piece of music. This word is commonly used in contexts related to music, such as describing the tune of a song or the main musical line in a composition. For example: The melody of this song is beautiful「この歌のメロディーは美しい」(このうたのめろでぃーはうつくしい). I can't get this melody out of my head「このメロディーが頭から離れない」(このめろでぃーがあたまからはなれない).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6237

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pity

Reading

Kanji

哀Pity, Sorrow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '哀れ (あわれ)' conveys a sense of 'pity' or 'compassion'. It is often used to express a deep feeling of sorrow or sympathy towards someone or something, typically in a situation that evokes a sense of tragedy or helplessness. This word can also carry a poetic or literary nuance, often found in traditional Japanese literature and drama. For example: I felt pity for the stray dog「哀れな野良犬に同情した」(あわれなのらいぬにどうじょうした). The story was filled with pity and sorrow「その物語は哀れと悲しみに満ちていた」(そのものがたりはあわれとかなしみにみちていた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6238

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Innovation

Reading

Kanji

革Reform, Leather 新New

Explanation

The Japanese noun '革新 (かくしん)' refers to 'innovation' or a significant change that introduces new methods, ideas, or products. It is often used in contexts related to technology, business, or societal changes. For example: The company is known for its innovation「その会社は革新で知られている」(そのかいしゃはかくしんでしられている). This technology represents a major innovation「この技術は大きな革新を表している」(このぎじゅつはおおきなかくしんをあらわしている). The word emphasizes the introduction of something new and transformative, often leading to improvements or advancements in a particular field.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6239

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Verification

Reading

Kanji

検Examine 証Evidence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '検証 (けんしょう)' means 'verification'. It refers to the process of checking or confirming the accuracy, validity, or truth of something. This term is often used in contexts such as scientific research, legal proceedings, or software testing. For example: The verification of the data is complete「データの検証が完了しました」(データのけんしょうがかんりょうしました). We need to verify the results「結果を検証する必要があります」(けっかをけんしょうするひつようがあります). In some contexts, it can also imply a deeper investigation or analysis, such as verifying a theory or hypothesis.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6240

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Upper class, Upstream

Reading

Kanji

上Up 流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上流 (じょうりゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'upstream', referring to the direction toward the source of a river or stream. For example: the fish swim upstream「魚は上流へ泳ぐ」(さかなはじょうりゅうへおよぐ). The second meaning is 'upper class', referring to the highest social class or elite group in society. For example: she comes from an upper-class family「彼女は上流の家庭出身です」(かのじょはじょうりゅうのかていしゅっしんです). These two meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the word is used.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6241

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voluntary, Optional

Reading

Kanji

任Duty, Responsibility 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese noun '任意 (にんい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'optional', referring to something that is not required or mandatory. For example: participation is optional「参加は任意です」(さんかはにんいです). The second meaning is 'voluntary', referring to something done by choice or free will. For example: voluntary work「任意の仕事」(にんいのしごと). This word is often used in formal or legal contexts to describe actions or decisions that are not compulsory. It can also imply a sense of freedom or discretion in making choices.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6242

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Confess

Reading

Kanji

打Hit 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese verb '打ち明ける (うちあける)' means 'to confess' or 'to reveal something honestly and openly'. It is often used when someone shares a secret, a personal feeling, or a hidden truth with another person. This verb carries a nuance of vulnerability and trust, as it implies opening up about something that was previously kept private. For example: She confessed her feelings to him「彼女は彼に気持ちを打ち明けた」(かのじょはかれにきもちをうちあけた). He revealed his secret to his friend「彼は友達に秘密を打ち明けた」(かれはともだちにひみつをうちあけた). The verb is commonly used in emotional or personal contexts, emphasizing sincerity and openness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6243

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Combine

Reading

Kanji

組Association, Group 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verb '組み合わせる (くみあわせる)' means 'to combine' or 'to put together'. It is used when referring to the act of joining or mixing different elements, parts, or ideas to create something new or functional. This verb is often used in contexts like cooking, design, or problem-solving. For example: combine these ingredients「これらの材料を組み合わせてください」(これらのざいりょうをくみあわせてください). We combined our ideas to solve the problem「私たちは問題を解決するためにアイデアを組み合わせました」(わたしたちはもんだいをかいけつするためにアイデアをくみあわせました). Note that this verb can also imply a thoughtful or strategic combination, not just a random mix.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6244

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serve, Pile

Reading

Kanji

盛Prosper

Explanation

The Japanese verb '盛る (もる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to serve' or 'to dish out', often used in the context of serving food. For example: The chef served rice「シェフがご飯を盛った」(シェフがごはんをもった). The second meaning is 'to pile up' or 'to heap', which can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: She piled up the books「彼女は本を盛った」(かのじょはほんをもった). The verb can also be used in compound verbs or idiomatic expressions, such as '盛り上がる (もりあがる)', which means 'to get excited' or 'to become lively'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6245

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Genuine

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 格Status 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '本格的 (ほんかくてき)' means 'genuine' or 'authentic'. It is used to describe something that is fully developed, serious, or done in a proper and thorough manner. This word often conveys a sense of seriousness or professionalism in the context it is used. For example: This restaurant serves genuine Italian food「このレストランは本格的なイタリア料理を出す」(このレストランはほんかくてきなイタリアりょうりをだす). He started his training in a serious manner「彼は本格的にトレーニングを始めた」(かれはほんかくてきにトレーニングをはじめた). Note that '本格的' can also imply a sense of being 'full-scale' or 'thorough', depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6246

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comprehensive

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 面Face, Surface 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '全面的 (ぜんめんてき)' means 'comprehensive' or 'all-encompassing'. It is used to describe something that covers all aspects or is done in a thorough and complete manner. This word is often used in contexts such as support, agreement, or changes that are complete and without reservation. For example: The company gave comprehensive support to the project「会社はそのプロジェクトに全面的な支援をした」(かいしゃはそのプロジェクトにぜんめんてきなしえんをした). He fully agreed with the proposal「彼はその提案に全面的に同意した」(かれはそのていあんにぜんめんてきにどういした). It can also imply a sense of totality or completeness in actions or decisions.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6247

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Logical

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument 理Reason 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '論理的 (ろんりてき)' means 'logical'. It is used to describe something that is based on clear, rational, and systematic reasoning. This term is often applied to arguments, thinking processes, or explanations that follow a coherent and well-structured line of thought. For example: His explanation was very logical「彼の説明はとても論理的だった」(かれのせつめいはとてもろんりてきだった). She has a logical way of solving problems「彼女は問題を解決する論理的な方法を持っている」(かのじょはもんだいをかいけつするろんりてきなほうほうをもっている). The adjective can also be used to describe a person who thinks logically, as in '彼は論理的な人だ (かれはろんりてきなひとだ) (He is a logical person).'

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intellectual

Reading

Kanji

知Know 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '知的 (ちてき)' means 'intellectual' and is used to describe something or someone that is related to intelligence, knowledge, or the mind. It often carries a nuance of sophistication or being well-informed. For example: She has an intellectual appearance「彼女は知的な雰囲気を持っている」(かのじょはちてきなふんいきをもっている). This book is intellectually stimulating「この本は知的に刺激的だ」(このほんはちてきにしげきてきだ). The word is commonly used in contexts involving education, culture, or mental activities.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6249

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Destination

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 的Target 地Ground

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目的地 (もくてきち)' means 'destination'. It refers to the place to which someone or something is going or being sent. This word is commonly used in travel contexts, such as when discussing the endpoint of a journey or trip. For example: The destination is still far away「目的地はまだ遠い」(もくてきちはまだとおい). We arrived at our destination「目的地に着きました」(もくてきちにつきました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a goal or objective, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6250

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Liter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'リットル (rittoru)' is a loanword from the English 'liter'. It refers to a unit of volume measurement in the metric system, equivalent to 1,000 cubic centimeters or about 0.264 gallons. This term is commonly used in contexts involving liquids, such as beverages, fuel, or other substances measured by volume. For example: I bought two liters of milk「2リットルの牛乳を買いました」(にリットルのぎゅうにゅうをかいました). This car consumes 10 liters per 100 kilometers「この車は100キロあたり10リットル消費します」(このくるまは100キロあたり10リットルしょうひします). Note that 'リットル' is written in katakana, as it is a foreign-derived word.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6251

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cultural

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 化Change 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '文化的 (ぶんかてき)' means 'cultural'. It is used to describe something related to culture, such as cultural activities, cultural heritage, or cultural differences. This term is often used in formal or academic contexts to discuss aspects of culture. For example: This event has cultural significance「このイベントは文化的に重要です」(このイベントはぶんかてきにじゅうようです). We need to respect cultural differences「文化的な違いを尊重する必要があります」(ぶんかてきなちがいをそんちょうするひつようがあります). The adjective is typically used to modify nouns, as in '文化的活動 (ぶんかてきかつどう) (cultural activities)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6252

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Masculine

Reading

Kanji

男Man 性Gender, Sex 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '男性的 (だんせいてき)' means 'masculine'. It is used to describe qualities, characteristics, or behaviors that are traditionally associated with men, such as strength, assertiveness, or physical appearance. This word can be applied to people, traits, or even objects that evoke a masculine impression. For example: He has a masculine appearance「彼は男性的な外見だ」(かれはだんせいてきながいけんだ). This design feels very masculine「このデザインはとても男性的だ」(このデザインはとてもだんせいてきだ). Note that this word is often used in a descriptive or comparative context, and it carries a neutral to positive connotation depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6253

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wolf

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'オオカミ (ookami)' refers to the animal 'wolf'. This term is used to describe the wild canine species known for its pack behavior and howling. In Japanese culture, wolves are often associated with folklore and mythology, sometimes seen as protectors or spiritual beings. For example: The wolf howled at the moon「オオカミが月に向かって吠えた」(オオカミがつきにむかってほえた). Wolves live in packs「オオカミは群れで生活する」(オオカミはむれでせいかつする). The term is also used in various idiomatic expressions and names, reflecting its cultural significance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6254

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mushroom

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'キノコ (きのこ)' means 'mushroom'. This word refers to the edible or inedible fungi that grow in forests, fields, or other natural environments. It is commonly used in cooking, foraging, or discussing nature. For example: I picked mushrooms in the forest「森でキノコを採りました」(もりできのこをとりました). This soup has mushrooms in it「このスープにはキノコが入っています」(このスープにはきのこがはいっています). Note that 'キノコ' is often used in everyday conversation and is a neutral term for mushrooms, whether they are wild or cultivated.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6255

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Art

Reading

Kanji

芸Art, Performance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '芸 (げい)' refers to 'art' or 'performance'. It is often used to describe artistic skills, performances, or crafts, particularly in traditional Japanese contexts. For example: she is skilled in traditional Japanese arts「彼女は伝統的な日本の芸に熟練している」(かのじょはでんとうてきなにほんのげいにじゅくれんしている). The geisha performed a beautiful art「芸者が美しい芸を披露した」(げいしゃがうつくしいげいをひろうした). This word can also refer to specific skills or techniques, such as in martial arts or other disciplines. It carries a connotation of refinement and mastery.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6256

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shell, First

Reading

Kanji

甲Armor, Shell

Explanation

The Japanese noun '甲 (こう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to the shell of a turtle or tortoise, often used in traditional contexts or literature. For example: the turtle's shell is hard「亀の甲は硬い」(かめのこうはかたい). The second meaning is 'first' in a sequence, such as in the traditional ordering system (甲, 乙, 丙, etc.), which is similar to 'A, B, C' in English. For example: this is the first item「これは甲の項目です」(これはこうのこうもくです). The word is also used in compound words like '甲羅 (こうら)' (shell) or '甲乙 (こうおつ)' (first and second).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6257

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Issuance

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '交付 (こうふ)' refers to the act of issuing, delivering, or distributing something officially, such as documents, certificates, or permits. It is often used in formal or bureaucratic contexts. For example: The issuance of the passport was delayed「パスポートの交付が遅れた」(パスポートのこうふがおくれた). The government issued new guidelines「政府は新しいガイドラインを交付した」(せいふはあたらしいガイドラインをこうふした). This term is commonly associated with official procedures and formal documentation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6258

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Home country

Reading

Kanji

自Self 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自国 (じこく)' refers to one's own country or homeland. It is often used in contexts where someone is comparing or discussing their own country in relation to others. For example: I love my homecountry「私は自国が大好きです」(わたしはじこくがだいすきです). The policies of my homecountry are strict「自国の政策は厳しい」(じこくのせいさくはきびしい). This term is commonly used in formal or political discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6259

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Story

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ストーリー (sutourii)' means 'story'. This word is a loanword from English and is used to refer to a narrative, plot, or sequence of events, often in the context of books, movies, or personal experiences. It is commonly used in both casual and formal settings. For example: The story of this movie is interesting「この映画のストーリーは面白い」(このえいがのストーリーはおもしろい). I want to hear your story「あなたのストーリーを聞きたい」(あなたのストーリーをききたい). Note that 'ストーリー' is often used interchangeably with the native Japanese word '物語 (ものがたり)', though 'ストーリー' tends to have a more modern or casual connotation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6260

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effort

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手間 (てま)' refers to the time, effort, or labor required to complete a task. It often implies that the task is time-consuming or requires careful attention. This word is commonly used in contexts where the speaker wants to emphasize the amount of work or effort involved. For example: Cooking this dish takes a lot of effort「この料理は手間がかかる」(このりょうりはてまがかかる). I don't want to spend too much effort on this「これに手間をかけたくない」(これにてまをかけたくない). The word can also be used to describe tasks that are tedious or require patience, such as '手間のかかる仕事 (てまのかかるしごと) (time-consuming work)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6261

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feather

Reading

Kanji

羽Feather

Explanation

The Japanese noun '羽 (はね)' primarily means 'feather'. It refers to the natural growth on birds that helps them fly. This word can also be used metaphorically or in compound words to describe things that resemble feathers in shape or function. For example: a bird's feather「鳥の羽」(とりのはね). The angel has beautiful feathers「天使は美しい羽を持っている」(てんしはうつくしいはねをもっている). Note that '羽' can also refer to wings in some contexts, but the primary and most common meaning is 'feather'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6262

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Military, Force

Reading

Kanji

武Military 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '武力 (ぶりょく)' refers to the use of physical force or military power. It is often used in contexts related to conflict, war, or coercion. The word can describe both the concept of force in general and the specific application of military strength. For example: The country used military force to resolve the conflict「その国は武力で紛争を解決した」(そのくにはぶりょくでふんそうをかいけつした). They rely on force rather than diplomacy「彼らは外交ではなく武力に頼る」(かれらはがいこうではなくぶりょくにたよる). Note that '武力' carries a strong connotation of physical or armed power, distinguishing it from more abstract forms of influence.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6263

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Train

Reading

Kanji

鍛Forge, Train

Explanation

The Japanese verb '鍛える (きたえる)' primarily means 'to train' or 'to forge'. It is often used in the context of physical training, such as building strength or endurance, but can also refer to mental or skill-based training. For example: He trains his body every day「彼は毎日体を鍛える」(かれはまいにちからだをきたえる). She is training her mind through meditation「彼女は瞑想で心を鍛えている」(かのじょはめいそうでこころをきたえている). Additionally, '鍛える' can be used metaphorically to describe refining or honing a skill, such as '鍛える技術 (きたえるぎじゅつ)' (honing a skill).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6264

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rich

Reading

Kanji

富Wealth, Rich

Explanation

The Japanese verb '富む (とむ)' means 'to be rich' or 'to abound in'. It is used to describe a state of having an abundance of something, whether it be wealth, resources, or qualities. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as describing a person who is wealthy or a place that is rich in natural resources. For example: This country is rich in natural resources「この国は天然資源に富んでいる」(このくにはてんねんしげんにとんでいる). He is rich in experience「彼は経験に富んでいる」(かれはけいけんにとんでいる). Note that '富む' is often used with the particle 'に' to indicate what the subject is rich in.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6265

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spread, Sow

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'まく (maku)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to sow' or 'to plant seeds', as in the act of scattering seeds in a field or garden. For example: The farmer sows seeds in the field「農夫が畑に種をまく」(のうふがはたけにたねをまく). The second meaning is 'to spread' or 'to scatter', which can refer to spreading something like salt, sand, or even rumors. For example: She spread salt on the icy road「彼女は凍った道に塩をまく」(かのじょはこおったみちにしおをまく). These two meanings are unrelated, so both are included as separate meanings. The verb is commonly used in both agricultural and everyday contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Frequency

6266

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Usually

Reading

Kanji

普Universal, Widespread 段Step, Stairs

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '普段 (ふだん)' means 'usually' or 'ordinarily'. It refers to something that is done regularly or under normal circumstances. This word is often used to describe habitual actions or states. For example: I usually walk to work「普段は歩いて仕事に行きます」(ふだんはあるいてしごとにいきます). She usually wears glasses「彼女は普段メガネをかけています」(かのじょはふだんめがねをかけています). It can also be used to contrast normal situations with exceptions, as in '普段は静かなのに、今日はにぎやかだ (ふだんはしずかなのに、きょうはにぎやかだ) (It's usually quiet, but today it's lively).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6267

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tree lined

Reading

Kanji

並Line, Row 木Tree, Wood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '並木 (なみき)' refers to a row of trees, often planted along a street, road, or path. It is commonly used to describe scenic or aesthetically pleasing tree-lined areas. For example: The road is lined with cherry trees「その道は桜の並木です」(そのみちはさくらのなみきです). I walked along the tree-lined street「並木道を歩きました」(なみきみちをあるきました). This word evokes a sense of natural beauty and is often associated with peaceful or picturesque settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6268

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plane

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 面Face, Surface

Explanation

The Japanese noun '平面 (へいめん)' refers to a 'plane' in the geometric sense, meaning a flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely in all directions. It is commonly used in mathematics, engineering, and art to describe surfaces or concepts related to flatness. For example: Draw a plane「平面を描く」(へいめんをえがく). The table has a flat plane「テーブルは平面だ」(テーブルはへいめんだ). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something as being straightforward or lacking depth, such as in '平面な話 (へいめんなはなし) (a flat/uninteresting story)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6269

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fine, Unfazed

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '平気 (へいき)' can mean 'fine' or 'unfazed'. It is often used to describe a state of being calm, composed, or unaffected by a situation. For example: I'm fine「私は平気です」(わたしはへいきです). He was unfazed by the news「彼はその知らせに平気だった」(かれはそのしらせにへいきだった). This word can also imply a sense of indifference or being okay with something that might otherwise be troubling. It is commonly used in casual conversation to reassure others or to express one's own resilience.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6270

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parallel

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '平行 (へいこう)' means 'parallel'. It is used to describe lines, paths, or situations that run alongside each other without ever meeting. It can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or processes that occur simultaneously without influencing each other. For example: these two lines are parallel「この二つの線は平行です」(このふたつのせんはへいこうです). Their opinions are parallel and never meet「彼らの意見は平行で、決して交わらない」(かれらのいけんはへいこうで、けっしてまじわらない).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6271

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complaint

Reading

Kanji

不Not 平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不平 (ふへい)' means 'complaint' or 'dissatisfaction'. It is used to express discontent or grievances about a situation, often implying that the speaker feels unfairly treated. This word can be used in various contexts, such as personal, social, or workplace situations. For example: he has a complaint about his salary「彼は給料について不平がある」(かれはきゅうりょうについてふへいがある). She always complains about everything「彼女はいつも何かについて不平を言っている」(かのじょはいつもなにかについてふへいをいっている). Note that '不平' often carries a slightly negative connotation, suggesting a persistent or unreasonable dissatisfaction.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6272

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Long ago

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'とっくに (とっくに)' means 'long ago' or 'already' and is used to indicate that something happened or was completed a significant time before the present moment. It often carries a nuance of something being done well in advance or being obvious to the speaker. For example: He left long ago「彼はとっくに出発した」(かれはとっくにしゅっぱつした). I already finished my homework「私はとっくに宿題を終えた」(わたしはとっくにしゅくだいをおえた). This word is commonly used in casual and formal contexts alike, emphasizing that the action or state is not recent.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

6273

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Horizon

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 平Flat 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地平線 (ちへいせん)' refers to the 'horizon', the line where the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet. It is commonly used in both literal and poetic contexts to describe the visual boundary between land or sea and the sky. For example: The sun is setting on the horizon「地平線に太陽が沈んでいる」(ちへいせんにたいようがしずんでいる). I saw a ship on the horizon「地平線に船が見えた」(ちへいせんにふねがみえた). This word is often used in literature and everyday conversation to evoke a sense of vastness or distance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6274

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plain

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 野Field

Explanation

The Japanese noun '平野 (へいや)' refers to a 'plain', which is a large area of flat land with few trees. This term is commonly used in geography to describe expansive, flat terrains, often found between mountains or along rivers. For example: The plain stretches far into the distance「平野が遠くまで広がっている」(へいやがとおくまでひろがっている). Many farms are located on the plain「多くの農場が平野にある」(おおくののうじょうがへいやにある). The word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6275

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flat

Reading

Kanji

平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '平たい (ひらたい)' means 'flat'. It is used to describe something that has a smooth, even surface without significant curves or bumps. This word can be applied to physical objects like tables, plates, or terrain, as well as abstract concepts like explanations or stories that are straightforward. For example: The table is flat「テーブルは平たい」(てーぶるはひらたい). His explanation was flat and easy to understand「彼の説明は平たくて分かりやすかった」(かれのせつめいはひらたくてわかりやすかった). Note that '平たい' can also imply simplicity or lack of complexity in non-physical contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6276

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Square

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '平方 (へいほう)' refers to 'square' in the mathematical sense, specifically indicating the square of a number or a unit of area. It is commonly used in contexts involving mathematics, geometry, and measurements. For example: the square of 5 is 25「5の平方は25です」(ごのへいほうはにじゅうごです). This room is 20 square meters「この部屋は20平方メートルです」(このへやはにじゅうへいほうメートルです). The term is often paired with units of measurement, such as '平方メートル (へいほうメートル)' (square meters) or '平方キロメートル (へいほうキロメートル)' (square kilometers).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6277

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smooth

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey 調Investigate, Tune

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '順調 (じゅんちょう)' means 'smooth' or 'favorable'. It is used to describe a situation, process, or condition that is progressing well without any problems. It often implies that things are going according to plan or as expected. For example: The project is going smoothly「プロジェクトは順調に進んでいます」(ぷろじぇくとはじゅんちょうにすすんでいます). Her recovery is going well「彼女の回復は順調です」(かのじょのかいふくはじゅんちょうです). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe positive progress.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6278

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ion

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'イオン (ion)' refers to an ion, which is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. This term is commonly used in scientific contexts, particularly in chemistry and physics. For example: Sodium ion is important for the body「ナトリウムイオンは体に重要です」(なとりうむいおんはからだにじゅうようです). The ion concentration in the solution was measured「溶液のイオン濃度が測定された」(ようえきのいおんのうどがそくていされた). The word 'イオン' is a direct loanword from English, and its usage is primarily technical.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6279

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Practical work

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 務Duty, Task

Explanation

The Japanese noun '実務 (じつむ)' refers to practical work or tasks that are part of one's job or profession. It emphasizes the actual, hands-on aspects of work rather than theoretical or academic knowledge. This term is often used in professional or business contexts to describe day-to-day operations or responsibilities. For example: He is experienced in practical work「彼は実務に慣れている」(かれはじつむになれている). Practical work is essential for this job「この仕事には実務が不可欠だ」(このしごとにはじつむがふかけつだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6280

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Leadership

Reading

Kanji

主Master 導Lead, Guide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主導 (しゅどう)' means 'leadership' or 'taking the lead'. It refers to the act of guiding, directing, or being in charge of a group, project, or initiative. This word is often used in contexts involving management, organization, or decision-making. For example: He took the leadership in the project「彼はプロジェクトの主導をとった」(かれはプロジェクトのしゅどうをとった). The company's leadership is strong「その会社の主導は強い」(そのかいしゃのしゅどうはつよい). Note that '主導' emphasizes the active role of leading or guiding, rather than just holding a position of authority.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6281

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Barrier

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関 (せき)' primarily means 'barrier' or 'checkpoint'. Historically, it refers to a physical barrier or checkpoint, often used in feudal Japan to control the movement of people and goods. In modern usage, it can also metaphorically represent obstacles or hurdles in various contexts. Example sentences: The barrier was closed「関が閉まっていた」(せきがしまっていた). He overcame many barriers in his life「彼は人生で多くの関を乗り越えた」(かれはじんせいでおおくのせきをのりこえた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6282

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decoration

Reading

Kanji

装Dress, Attire 飾Decorate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '装飾 (そうしょく)' means 'decoration'. It refers to the act of decorating or embellishing something, or the decorative elements themselves. This word is often used in contexts related to art, design, fashion, and interior decoration. For example: The room was full of beautiful decorations「その部屋は美しい装飾でいっぱいだった」(そのへやはうつくしいそうしょくでいっぱいだった). She specializes in floral decoration「彼女は花の装飾を専門にしている」(かのじょははなのそうしょくをせんもんにしている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is ornamental or non-essential, such as 'decorative language' (装飾的な言葉, そうしょくてきなことば).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6283

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Milk, Breast

Reading

Kanji

乳Breasts, Milk

Explanation

The Japanese noun '乳 (ちち)' can mean 'milk' or 'breast', depending on the context. When referring to 'milk', it is often used in a general sense, such as cow's milk or breast milk. For example: I drink milk every morning「私は毎朝乳を飲みます」(わたしはまいあさちちをのみます). When referring to 'breast', it is typically used in a biological or medical context. For example: The baby is feeding from the mother's breast「赤ちゃんが母親の乳を飲んでいます」(あかちゃんがははおやのちちをのんでいます). It's important to note that '乳 (ちち)' is a somewhat formal or literary term, and in everyday conversation, '牛乳 (ぎゅうにゅう)' is more commonly used for 'cow's milk', and 'おっぱい' is a more casual term for 'breast'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6284

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sleep

Reading

Kanji

眠Sleep, Sleepy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '眠り (ねむり)' refers to the state or act of sleeping. It is commonly used to describe the natural state of rest where consciousness is suspended. For example: I fell into a deep sleep「私は深い眠りに落ちた」(わたしはふかいねむりにおちた). The baby is in a peaceful sleep「赤ちゃんは穏やかな眠りについている」(あかちゃんはおだやかなねむりについている). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe inactivity or dormancy, such as in 'the sleep of winter'「冬の眠り」(ふゆのねむり).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6285

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hide, Lay

Reading

Kanji

伏Prostrated

Explanation

The Japanese verb '伏せる (ふせる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to lay something down' or 'to place something face down'. For example: he laid the book face down「彼は本を伏せた」(かれはほんをふせた). The second meaning is 'to hide' or 'to conceal', often used in contexts where something is intentionally kept out of sight. For example: she hid her face in her hands「彼女は顔を手で伏せた」(かのじょはかおをてでふせた). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6286

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weekday

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '平日 (へいじつ)' refers to a 'weekday', specifically the days from Monday to Friday when most people work or attend school. It excludes weekends (Saturday and Sunday) and public holidays. This term is commonly used in contexts related to schedules, routines, and business operations. For example: I work on weekdays「平日は仕事です」(へいじつはしごとです). The library is open on weekdays「図書館は平日に開いています」(としょかんはへいじつにあいています). Note that '平日' is often contrasted with '休日 (きゅうじつ)', which means 'holiday' or 'day off'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6287

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Average

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 均Equal, Even

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '平均 (へいきん)' means 'average'. It refers to the mathematical concept of the mean, or the result obtained by adding several quantities together and then dividing by the number of quantities. It can also be used more generally to describe something that is typical or ordinary. For example: the average temperature is 20 degrees「平均気温は20度です」(へいきんきおんはにじゅうどです). His grades are above average「彼の成績は平均以上です」(かれのせいせきはへいきんいじょうです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '平均寿命 (へいきんじゅみょう)' (average lifespan).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equality

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '平等 (びょうどう)' means 'equality'. It refers to the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities. This term is often used in social, legal, and ethical contexts to describe fairness and impartiality. For example: All people should have equality「すべての人は平等であるべきだ」(すべてのひとはびょうどうであるべきだ). The law guarantees equality「法律は平等を保証する」(ほうりつはびょうどうをほしょうする). Note that '平等' can also be used to describe equal treatment or fairness in various situations, such as in education or employment.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6289

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equality, Equivalence

Reading

Kanji

同Same 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '同等 (どうとう)' refers to a state of being equal or equivalent in status, value, or quality. It is often used in formal or technical contexts to compare two or more things that are considered to be on the same level. For example: These two products are of equal quality「これらの製品は同等の品質です」(これらのせいひんはどうとうのひんしつです). The new law grants equal rights to all citizens「新しい法律は全ての市民に同等の権利を与えます」(あたらしいほうりつはすべてのしみんにどうとうのけんりをあたえます). Note that '同等' can also imply a sense of fairness or parity in treatment or conditions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6290

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equal

Reading

Kanji

対Against 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '対等 (たいとう)' means 'equal' or 'on equal terms'. It is used to describe a relationship or situation where two or more parties are of the same status, level, or importance. This term is often used in contexts involving relationships, negotiations, or comparisons. For example: We are equal partners「私たちは対等なパートナーです」(わたしたちはたいとうなパートナーです). They negotiated on equal terms「彼らは対等な条件で交渉した」(かれらはたいとうなじょうけんでこうしょうした). The concept of '対等' emphasizes fairness and balance, and it is commonly used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6291

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inequality

Reading

Kanji

不Not 平Flat 等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '不平等 (ふびょうどう)' means 'inequality'. It is used to describe a state of unfairness or lack of equality, often in social, economic, or legal contexts. For example: There is inequality in the distribution of wealth「富の分配に不平等がある」(とみのぶんぱいにとみのぶんぱいにふびょうどうがある). The law is unequal「その法律は不平等だ」(そのほうりつはふびょうどうだ). This term can also be used to describe unequal treatment or conditions in various situations, such as in relationships or opportunities.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6292

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dress

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ワンピース (wanpiisu)' refers to a 'dress', specifically a one-piece garment that covers the body from the shoulders to the legs. It is commonly used in fashion contexts to describe women's clothing. For example: She bought a new dress「彼女は新しいワンピースを買った」(かのじょはあたらしいワンピースをかった). This dress is very beautiful「このワンピースはとてもきれい」(このワンピースはとてもきれい). The term is borrowed from English and is widely understood in Japanese fashion terminology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

6293

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hospital room

Reading

Kanji

病Illness 室Room

Explanation

The Japanese noun '病室 (びょうしつ)' refers to a 'hospital room' or 'sickroom'. It is used to describe a room in a hospital where patients stay for treatment or recovery. This word is commonly used in medical contexts or when discussing healthcare facilities. For example: The hospital room is quiet「病室は静かです」(びょうしつはしずかです). She is resting in her hospital room「彼女は病室で休んでいます」(かのじょはびょうしつでやすんでいます). The term emphasizes the specific function of the room as a space for medical care.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6294

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sick person

Reading

Kanji

病Illness 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '病人 (びょうにん)' refers to a 'sick person' or 'patient'. It is used to describe someone who is ill or suffering from a disease. This term is neutral and can be used in various contexts, such as in hospitals, at home, or in general conversation. For example: The sick person is resting「病人は休んでいます」(びょうにんはやすんでいます). We need to take care of the sick person「病人の世話をする必要があります」(びょうにんのせわをするひつようがあります). It is important to note that '病人' is a general term and does not specify the type or severity of the illness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6295

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oh

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese interjection 'おお (おお)' is used to express surprise, realization, or emphasis. It is similar to the English 'oh' or 'wow'. This interjection is often used in casual conversations to convey a strong reaction. For example: Oh, I see!「おお、なるほど！」(おお、なるほど！). Wow, that's amazing!「おお、すごい！」(おお、すごい！). The tone and context in which 'おお' is used can significantly affect its meaning, ranging from genuine surprise to sarcastic emphasis.

Part Of Speech

interjection

Frequency

6296

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remove

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat

Explanation

The Japanese verb '退ける (のける)' means 'to remove' or 'to set aside'. It is often used to describe physically moving something out of the way or figuratively removing an obstacle or problem. For example: Please remove the box「箱を退けてください」(はこをのけてください). He set aside his doubts and moved forward「彼は疑念を退けて前に進んだ」(かれはぎねんをのけてまえにすすんだ). The verb can also imply a sense of decisiveness or determination in removing something. It is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6297

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Found

Reading

Kanji

見See 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '見当たる (みあたる)' means 'to be found' or 'to be located'. It is used when something is discovered or located after searching. This verb often implies that the object or person was being looked for and has now been found. For example: I found my keys「鍵が見当たる」(かぎがみあたる). The book was found in the library「その本は図書館に見当たる」(そのほんはとしょかんにみあたる). Note that this verb is often used in the context of searching for something that was previously lost or missing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6298

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Internal medicine

Reading

Kanji

内Inside 科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '内科 (ないか)' refers to the medical field of 'internal medicine'. This term is used to describe the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of diseases affecting internal organs. It is commonly used in the context of hospitals or clinics to specify a department or a doctor's specialization. For example: I went to the internal medicine department「内科に行きました」(ないかにいきました). He is an internal medicine doctor「彼は内科の医者です」(かれはないかのいしゃです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6299

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Illness, Death

Reading

Kanji

病Illness 死Death

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '病死 (びょうし)' refers to death caused by illness or disease. It is a compound of '病 (びょう)' meaning 'illness' and '死 (し)' meaning 'death'. This term is often used in medical or formal contexts to describe a person's passing due to sickness. For example: He died of illness「彼は病死した」(かれはびょうしした). Many people died from the epidemic「多くの人が伝染病で病死した」(おおくのひとがでんせんびょうでびょうしした). Note that '病死' specifically emphasizes the cause of death being an illness, distinguishing it from other causes like accidents or old age.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6300

Composition

kanji

Handwriting