言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Future

Reading

Kanji

来Come 未Not yet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '未来 (みらい)' means 'future'. It refers to the time that is yet to come or events that will happen after the present. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as discussing future plans, predictions, or aspirations. For example: I am excited about the future「未来が楽しみです」(みらいがたのしみです). The future is full of possibilities「未来は可能性に満ちている」(みらいはかのうせいにみちている). It can also be used in more abstract or philosophical discussions about the future of humanity or technology.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2228

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tool

Reading

Kanji

道Way 具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese noun '道具 (どうぐ)' means 'tool'. This word refers to any implement or device used to carry out a particular function or task. It can be used in a wide range of contexts, from everyday household items to specialized equipment for various professions. For example: I bought a new tool「新しい道具を買いました」(あたらしいどうぐをかいました). This tool is very useful「この道具はとても便利です」(このどうぐはとてもべんりです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that aids in achieving a goal, such as knowledge or skills being tools for success.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2230

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Brand

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ブランド (ぶらんど)' refers to a 'brand', typically in the context of a company's name, logo, or product identity. It is often used to describe well-known or high-quality brands, particularly in fashion, luxury goods, or consumer products. For example: This is a famous brand「これは有名なブランドです」(これはゆうめいなぶらんどです). I like this brand of coffee「このブランドのコーヒーが好きです」(このぶらんどのこーひーがすきです). The word is borrowed from English and is commonly used in Japanese to refer to both domestic and international brands.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2231

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Condition

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese noun '具合 (ぐあい)' refers to the state, condition, or manner in which something is functioning or happening. It is often used to describe the physical condition of a person, the state of a machine, or the progress of a situation. For example: How is your condition?「具合はどうですか？」(ぐあいはどうですか？). The machine's condition is bad「機械の具合が悪い」(きかいのぐあいがわるい). It can also be used to inquire about the progress or status of something, such as a project or plan. The word is versatile and can be applied to both physical and abstract states.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2234

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Baseball

Reading

Kanji

野Field 球Ball

Explanation

The Japanese noun '野球 (やきゅう)' means 'baseball'. It refers to the sport of baseball, which is widely popular in Japan. The word is used in various contexts, such as discussing games, players, or the sport in general. For example: I like baseball「私は野球が好きです」(わたしはやきゅうがすきです). He plays baseball「彼は野球をします」(かれはやきゅうをします). The term is also used in compound words, such as '野球場 (やきゅうじょう)' (baseball stadium) or '野球選手 (やきゅうせんしゅ)' (baseball player).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2235

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandfather

Reading

Kanji

祖Ancestor 父Father

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お祖父さん (おじいさん)' means 'grandfather'. It is a polite and respectful term used to refer to one's own grandfather or someone else's grandfather. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal settings. For example: My grandfather is kind「私のお祖父さんは優しい」(わたしのおじいさんはやさしい). His grandfather lives in Kyoto「彼のお祖父さんは京都に住んでいます」(かれのおじいさんはきょうとにすんでいます). It's important to note that 'お祖父さん' can also be used to refer to elderly men in general, showing respect and politeness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2236

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grandmother

Reading

Kanji

祖Ancestor 母Mother

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お祖母さん (おばあさん)' refers to one's grandmother. It is a polite and respectful term commonly used to address or refer to one's own grandmother or someone else's grandmother. This term is often used in family contexts and carries a sense of affection and respect. For example: my grandmother is kind「私のお祖母さんは優しい」(わたしのおばあさんはやさしい). I visited my grandmother yesterday「昨日、お祖母さんを訪ねました」(きのう、おばあさんをたずねました). It's important to note that 'お祖母さん' can also be used more broadly to refer to elderly women in general, often as a term of respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2237

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

終End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '終わり (おわり)' means 'end'. It refers to the conclusion or final part of something, such as an event, story, or period. It can be used in various contexts, from everyday conversations to formal writing. For example: the end of the movie「映画の終わり」(えいがのおわり). The end of the year「年の終わり」(としのおわり). It can also be used metaphorically, as in 'the end of an era'「時代の終わり」(じだいのおわり). Note that '終わり' is often used in contrast to '始まり (はじまり)' (beginning).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2238

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Salt

Reading

Kanji

塩Salt

Explanation

The Japanese noun '塩 (しお)' means 'salt'. This word refers to the common seasoning used in cooking and food preparation. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something essential or fundamental. For example: please pass the salt「塩を取ってください」(しおをとってください). Salt is essential for cooking「塩は料理に欠かせない」(しおはりょうりにかかせない). In Japanese culture, salt is sometimes used in purification rituals, such as sprinkling salt at the entrance of a home to ward off evil spirits.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2239

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Days

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '日々 (ひび)' means 'days'. It refers to the passage of time, specifically the everyday or daily occurrences. This word is often used to describe the routine or the flow of daily life. For example: I enjoy my days「私は日々を楽しんでいます」(わたしはひびをたのしんでいます). The days pass by quickly「日々は早く過ぎる」(ひびははやくすぎる). It can also be used in a more poetic or reflective context to emphasize the continuous nature of time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2240

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Subject

Reading

Kanji

主Master 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主体 (しゅたい)' primarily means 'subject'. It refers to the main entity or the central figure in a context, often used in philosophical, grammatical, or organizational discussions. In grammar, it denotes the subject of a sentence. In a broader sense, it can refer to the main body or core part of an organization or movement. Example sentences include: The subject of the sentence is clear「文の主体は明確です」(ぶんのしゅたいはめいかくです). The organization's main body decided to change the policy「組織の主体が方針を変えることに決めた」(そしきのしゅたいがほうしんをかえることにきめた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2242

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fee

Reading

Kanji

料Materials, Fee 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '料金 (りょうきん)' refers to a fee or charge for a service or product. It is commonly used in contexts such as transportation, utilities, or services. For example: The train fee is expensive「電車の料金は高いです」(でんしゃのりょうきんはたかいです). Please pay the parking fee「駐車料金を払ってください」(ちゅうしゃりょうきんをはらってください). This word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2243

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cold medicine

Reading

Kanji

薬Medicine 邪Wicked 風Wind, Style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '風邪薬 (かぜぐすり)' refers to 'cold medicine'. This term is used to describe medication specifically designed to treat symptoms of the common cold, such as fever, cough, and sore throat. It is commonly found in pharmacies and is a staple in Japanese households, especially during the colder months. Example sentences: I bought cold medicine at the pharmacy「薬局で風邪薬を買いました」(やっきょくでかぜぐすりをかいました). Take this cold medicine before bed「寝る前にこの風邪薬を飲んでください」(ねるまえにこのかぜぐすりをのんでください).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2245

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Waiter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ウェーター (weetaa)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'waiter'. It refers to a male server in a restaurant or café. This term is specifically used for male servers, while 'ウェイトレス (weitoresu)' is used for female servers. Example sentences: The waiter brought the menu「ウェーターがメニューを持ってきた」(うぇーたーがめにゅーをもってきた). I asked the waiter for water「ウェーターに水をお願いしました」(うぇーたーにみずをおねがいしました). Note that in Japanese, loanwords like this are often written in katakana.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2246

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bathhouse

Reading

Kanji

呂Bath 屋Shop, Roof 風Wind, Style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '風呂屋 (ふろや)' refers to a traditional Japanese public bathhouse. These establishments are places where people go to bathe, often featuring large communal baths, saunas, and sometimes additional services like massages. The term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, where public bathing has been a common practice for centuries. For example: I went to the bathhouse yesterday「昨日、風呂屋に行きました」(きのう、ふろやにいきました). The bathhouse is very relaxing「風呂屋はとてもリラックスできます」(ふろやはとてもりらっくすできます). It's important to note that '風呂屋' specifically refers to the establishment itself, not the act of bathing.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Anger

Reading

Kanji

怒Anger, Angry

Explanation

The Japanese noun '怒り (いかり)' means 'anger'. It refers to a strong feeling of displeasure or hostility, often in response to a perceived wrong or injustice. This word is commonly used to describe both personal and external expressions of anger. For example: His anger was evident「彼の怒りは明らかだった」(かれのいかりはあきらかだった). She tried to suppress her anger「彼女は怒りを抑えようとした」(かのじょはいかりをおさえようとした). The word can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as 'the anger of the gods'「神々の怒り」(かみがみのいかり).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2249

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Long term

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese noun '長期 (ちょうき)' refers to a 'long-term' period or duration. It is commonly used in contexts discussing time frames that extend over a considerable length, such as in financial investments, projects, or plans. For example: long-term investment「長期投資」(ちょうきとうし). We need a long-term plan「長期の計画が必要です」(ちょうきのけいかくがひつようです). The term emphasizes the extended nature of the period in question, often implying stability, commitment, or a focus on future outcomes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2250

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Showa

Reading

Kanji

昭Shining 和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese noun '昭和 (しょうわ)' refers to the Showa era, which was the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Hirohito, from December 25, 1926, to January 7, 1989. This era is often associated with significant events in Japan, including World War II, the post-war economic miracle, and the country's rise as a global economic power. The term is also used to describe things or cultural aspects from that period. For example: The Showa era was a time of great change「昭和時代は大きな変化の時代でした」(しょうわじだいはおおきなへんかのじだいでした). This is a Showa-style house「これは昭和風の家です」(これはしょうわふうのいえです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2252

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Black tea

Reading

Kanji

茶Tea 紅Crimson

Explanation

The Japanese noun '紅茶 (こうちゃ)' refers to 'black tea'. This term is used to describe the type of tea that is more oxidized than green, oolong, and white teas, resulting in a stronger flavor. It is commonly consumed in Japan, often served hot or cold. Example sentences include: I drink black tea every morning「毎朝紅茶を飲みます」(まいあさこうちゃをのみます). This black tea is very fragrant「この紅茶はとても香りがいい」(このこうちゃはとてもかおりがいい). Note that '紅茶' specifically refers to black tea and not other types of tea, which have different names in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2254

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rock

Reading

Kanji

岩Boulder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '岩 (いわ)' means 'rock'. It refers to a large, solid mass of stone or mineral material. This word is commonly used to describe natural rock formations, such as cliffs, boulders, or large stones. For example: There is a big rock in the river「川に大きな岩がある」(かわにおおきないわがある). The climber stood on the rock「クライマーは岩の上に立った」(クライマーはいわのうえにたった). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something solid or unyielding, like a person's resolve.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2256

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Earlier

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 程Order, Extent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先程 (さきほど)' means 'earlier' or 'a short while ago'. It is used to refer to something that happened in the recent past, typically within a short timeframe. This word is often used in formal or polite contexts. For example: I saw him earlier「先程彼を見かけました」(さきほどかれをみかけました). The package arrived earlier「先程荷物が届きました」(さきほどにもつがとどきました). Note that '先程' is more formal than 'さっき', which also means 'a while ago' but is used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2257

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cabinet

Reading

Kanji

閣Cabinet 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '内閣 (ないかく)' refers to the 'cabinet' in a governmental context. It specifically denotes the group of ministers or executives who are responsible for the administration and policy-making of a government. This term is commonly used in political discussions and news reports. For example: The cabinet held a meeting「内閣は会議を開いた」(ないかくはかいぎをひらいた). The prime minister reshuffled the cabinet「首相は内閣を改造した」(しゅしょうはないかくをかいぞうした). The term is often associated with the executive branch of government and is a key component in the political structure of Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2258

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pillow

Reading

Kanji

枕Pillow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '枕 (まくら)' refers to a 'pillow', which is a cushion used to support the head while sleeping. It is a common household item and is essential for comfort during rest. The word can also be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, such as '枕を高くして寝る (まくらをたかくしてねる)', which means 'to sleep soundly without worries'. Example sentences: I bought a new pillow「新しい枕を買いました」(あたらしいまくらをかいました). This pillow is very soft「この枕はとても柔らかいです」(このまくらはとてもやわらかいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2260

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fear

Reading

Kanji

恐Fear 怖Fearful, Dreadful

Explanation

The Japanese noun '恐怖 (きょうふ)' means 'fear'. It refers to the intense feeling of being afraid or anxious about something, often due to a perceived threat or danger. This word is commonly used in contexts involving psychological or emotional states, such as fear of the dark, fear of heights, or fear of the unknown. For example: I feel fear when I watch horror movies「私はホラー映画を見ると恐怖を感じる」(わたしはほらーえいがをみるときょうふをかんじる). The fear of failure can be paralyzing「失敗への恐怖は麻痺させるほど強い」(しっぱいへのきょうふはまひさせるほどつよい). Note that '恐怖' is often used in formal or serious contexts, and it can also appear in compound words like '恐怖症 (きょうふしょう)' (phobia).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2262

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Daughter, Young lady

Reading

Kanji

嬢Lass, Young lady

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お嬢さん (おじょうさん)' can mean 'daughter' or 'young lady'. It is a polite term used to refer to someone else's daughter or a young woman, often implying respect or formality. When used to mean 'daughter', it is typically in the context of referring to someone else's daughter, not your own. When used to mean 'young lady', it often carries a tone of politeness or endearment. For example: Is this your daughter?「こちらはお嬢さんですか？」(こちらはおじょうさんですか？). The young lady over there is very kind「あちらのお嬢さんはとても親切です」(あちらのおじょうさんはとてもしんせつです). Note that using 'お嬢さん' to refer to your own daughter can sound overly formal or even sarcastic in some contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2264

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New years card

Reading

Kanji

状Form, Condition 賀Congratulate 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年賀状 (ねんがじょう)' refers to a 'New Year's card'. These are special greeting cards sent to friends, family, and colleagues to celebrate the New Year. They often feature traditional designs, such as the zodiac animal of the year, and include messages of good fortune and health. Example sentences: I sent a New Year's card to my friend「友達に年賀状を送りました」(ともだちにねんがじょうをおくりました). Did you receive a New Year's card?「年賀状をもらいましたか？」(ねんがじょうをもらいましたか？).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2266

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Button

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ボタン (botan)' refers to a 'button'. This can mean a physical button on clothing or devices, such as a shirt button or a button on a remote control. It can also refer to a clickable button on a digital interface, like a website or app. For example: press the button「ボタンを押してください」(ぼたんをおしてください). The button on my shirt came off「シャツのボタンが取れた」(しゃつのぼたんがとれた). The word 'ボタン' is a loanword from the Portuguese 'botão', reflecting its foreign origin, and is commonly used in everyday Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2269

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Virus

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ウイルス (uirusu)' refers to a 'virus'. This term is commonly used in both medical and technological contexts. In medicine, it describes microscopic infectious agents that can cause diseases in living organisms. In technology, it refers to malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems. Example sentences: The virus spread quickly「ウイルスが急速に広がった」(ういるすがきゅうそくにひろがった). My computer got infected by a virus「私のコンピュータがウイルスに感染した」(わたしのコンピュータがういるすにかんせんした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2271

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beginning

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '当初 (とうしょ)' refers to the 'beginning' or 'initial stage' of something, such as a project, plan, or period of time. It is often used to describe the starting point or original intention of an event or situation. For example: At the beginning, we had no issues「当初は問題がなかった」(とうしょはもんだいがなかった). The plan was different at the beginning「当初の計画は違っていた」(とうしょのけいかくはちがっていた). This word is commonly used in formal or written contexts to emphasize the contrast between the initial state and the current state.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2272

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Method

Reading

Kanji

式Style, Ceremony 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '方式 (ほうしき)' refers to a 'method' or 'system' of doing something. It is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe a structured approach or procedure. For example: This is a new method of teaching「これは新しい教育方式です」(これはあたらしいきょういくほうしきです). The company adopted a new management system「その会社は新しい管理方式を採用した」(そのかいしゃはあたらしいかんりほうしきをさいようした). The word can also imply a standardized or established way of doing things, such as in '交通方式 (こうつうほうしき) (transportation system)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2273

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Socks

Reading

Kanji

靴Shoe, Shoes 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '靴下 (くつした)' means 'socks'. This word refers to the garment worn on the feet, typically under shoes, for warmth, comfort, or hygiene. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to any type of socks, such as ankle socks, knee-high socks, or even stockings. Example sentences: I bought new socks「新しい靴下を買いました」(あたらしいくつしたをかいました). These socks are comfortable「この靴下は快適です」(このくつしたはかいてきです). The word is often used in contexts related to clothing, shopping, or daily routines.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2275

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Key

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'キー (きー)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'key'. It is commonly used to refer to a physical key for unlocking doors or locks, as well as metaphorical keys, such as a key to success. In technology, it can also refer to keyboard keys or cryptographic keys. Example sentences: I lost my key「キーをなくした」(きーをなくした). The key to solving this problem is patience「この問題を解決するキーは忍耐だ」(このもんだいをかいけつするきーはにんたいだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2276

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Woman

Reading

Kanji

婦Lady 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '婦人 (ふじん)' means 'woman'. This term is often used in formal or polite contexts to refer to adult women. It is commonly seen in phrases like '婦人服 (ふじんふく)' (women's clothing) or '婦人会 (ふじんかい)' (women's association). For example: The woman is wearing a beautiful dress「その婦人は美しいドレスを着ています」(そのふじんはうつくしいドレスをきています). The store sells women's accessories「その店は婦人用のアクセサリーを売っています」(そのみせはふじんようのアクセサリーをうっています). Note that '婦人' is more formal than '女性 (じょせい)', which is also commonly used to mean 'woman'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2277

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Toothpaste, Tooth brushing

Reading

Kanji

歯Tooth 磨Polish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歯磨き (はみがき)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'toothbrushing', referring to the act of cleaning one's teeth. The second is 'toothpaste', the substance used during toothbrushing. This word is commonly used in daily life and can refer to either the action or the product, depending on the context. For example: I do toothbrushing every morning「毎朝歯磨きをします」(まいあさはみがきをします). This toothpaste is mint-flavored「この歯磨きはミント味です」(このはみがきはみんとあじです). Note that the meaning is usually clear from the context, but it can sometimes be ambiguous without additional clarification.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2278

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Morning sun

Reading

Kanji

朝Morning 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '朝日 (あさひ)' refers to the 'morning sun'. It is commonly used to describe the sun as it rises in the morning, often evoking a sense of freshness, hope, or beauty. This word is frequently used in poetry, literature, and everyday conversation to describe the early sunlight. For example: The morning sun is beautiful「朝日がきれいだ」(あさひがきれいだ). I woke up to the morning sun「朝日で目が覚めた」(あさひでめがさめた). The word can also be used metaphorically to symbolize new beginnings or optimism.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2279

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Permission, Sorry

Reading

Kanji

免Excuse, Exempt 御Honorable, General honorific term

Explanation

The Japanese noun '御免 (ごめん)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'sorry', often used in casual apologies, similar to 'ごめんなさい'. The second meaning is 'permission', used in formal contexts to request or grant permission. For example: Sorry for being late「遅れて御免」(おくれてごめん). May I have your permission?「御免をいただけますか？」(ごめんをいただけますか？). Note that '御免' is more formal and less commonly used in modern casual speech compared to 'ごめんなさい' for apologies.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2280

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Private, Civilian

Reading

Kanji

民People, Nation 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '民間 (みんかん)' can mean 'private' or 'civilian', depending on the context. When referring to 'private', it is often used to describe sectors, organizations, or activities that are not government-run, such as private companies or private initiatives. For example: private sector「民間のセクター」(みんかんのセクター). When referring to 'civilian', it describes non-military individuals or activities. For example: civilian life「民間の生活」(みんかんのせいかつ). The word is commonly used in discussions contrasting public (government) and private sectors, or military and civilian contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2281

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Buddha

Reading

Kanji

仏Buddha

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仏 (ほとけ)' primarily refers to 'Buddha', the enlightened being in Buddhism. It can also refer to Buddhist statues or images representing Buddha. This term is deeply rooted in religious and spiritual contexts, often used in temples, during religious ceremonies, or in discussions about Buddhism. For example: I prayed to the Buddha「仏に祈った」(ほとけにいのった). The Buddha statue is very old「その仏像はとても古い」(そのぶつぞうはとてもふるい). Additionally, '仏' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe someone who is very kind or saintly, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2282

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New years day

Reading

Kanji

旦Dawn 元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '元旦 (がんたん)' specifically refers to the morning or the first day of the New Year, January 1st. It is a term that carries a sense of renewal and celebration, often associated with the first sunrise of the year, which is considered auspicious. Example sentences include: We visited the shrine on New Year's Day「私たちは元旦に神社を訪れました」(わたしたちはがんたんにじんじゃをおとずれました). The first sunrise of the year on New Year's Day is beautiful「元旦の初日の出は美しい」(がんたんのはつひのではうつくしい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2283

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commonsense

Reading

Kanji

識Knowledge, Discernment 常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese noun '常識 (じょうしき)' refers to 'commonsense' or 'general knowledge'. It describes the basic understanding or awareness that is commonly shared by people in a society. This term is often used to refer to what is considered normal or expected behavior in a given context. For example: He lacks commonsense「彼は常識がない」(かれはじょうしきがない). It's common sense to be polite「礼儀正しくするのは常識だ」(れいぎただしくするのはじょうしきだ). The word can also imply societal norms or shared values, and it is frequently used in discussions about cultural expectations or social behavior.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2286

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Long sleeve

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 袖Sleeve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '長袖 (ながそで)' refers to 'long sleeves' or 'long-sleeved clothing'. It is commonly used to describe clothing items such as shirts, dresses, or jackets that have sleeves extending to the wrists. This term is often used in fashion or when discussing seasonal clothing, as long-sleeved garments are typically associated with cooler weather. For example: I bought a long-sleeve shirt「長袖のシャツを買いました」(ながそでのシャツをかいました). She prefers long-sleeve dresses in winter「彼女は冬に長袖のドレスを好む」(かのじょはふゆにながそでのドレスをこのむ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2287

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Short sleeve

Reading

Kanji

半Half 袖Sleeve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '半袖 (はんそで)' refers to 'short-sleeve' clothing, typically shirts or tops. It is commonly used to describe garments that have sleeves covering only the upper part of the arm, as opposed to full-length sleeves. For example: I bought a short-sleeve shirt「半袖のシャツを買いました」(はんそでのシャツをかいました). This short-sleeve shirt is comfortable「この半袖のシャツは快適です」(このはんそでのシャツはかいてきです). The term is often used in the context of summer clothing or casual wear.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Will

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 志Intention

Explanation

The Japanese noun '意志 (いし)' refers to 'will' or 'volition'. It describes the mental faculty by which a person decides on and commits to a course of action. This word is often used in contexts involving determination, intention, or resolve. For example: He has a strong will「彼は強い意志を持っている」(かれはつよいいしをもっている). Her will to succeed is admirable「彼女の成功への意志は立派だ」(かのじょのせいこうへのいしはりっぱだ). It can also be used in philosophical or psychological discussions about free will and decision-making.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2290

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Okay

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'オーケー (おーけー)' is a loanword derived from the English word 'okay'. It is commonly used in casual conversations to express agreement, acceptance, or acknowledgment. It can also be used to indicate that something is satisfactory or acceptable. For example: Is it okay if I leave early?「早く帰ってもオーケー？」(はやくかえってもおーけー？). The plan is okay「そのプランはオーケーだ」(そのぷらんはおーけーだ). Note that 'オーケー' is often written in katakana to emphasize its foreign origin and is used in informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2291

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Policy

Reading

Kanji

針Needle 方Direction

Explanation

The Japanese noun '方針 (ほうしん)' refers to a 'policy', 'plan', or 'course of action' that is established to guide decisions or actions. It is often used in formal or organizational contexts to describe a set of principles or strategies. For example: The company's policy is clear「会社の方針は明確です」(かいしゃのほうしんはめいかくです). We need to decide on a course of action「方針を決める必要があります」(ほうしんをきめるひつようがあります). This word is commonly used in business, government, and other structured environments to outline a clear direction or approach.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2292

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mom

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ママ' is a casual and affectionate term for 'mother'. It is often used by children or in informal settings. The term conveys a sense of closeness and warmth. For example: Mom, I'm home「ママ、ただいま」(ママ、ただいま). Mom, can I have some candy?「ママ、おかしもらえる？」(ママ、おかしもらえる？). It's important to note that 'ママ' is more commonly used in spoken language and may be considered too informal in certain contexts. In more formal situations, 'お母さん (おかあさん)' is preferred.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2295

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Member

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'メンバー (めんばー)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'member'. It is commonly used to refer to individuals who are part of a group, team, organization, or club. This term is widely used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: He is a new member of our team「彼は私たちのチームの新しいメンバーです」(かれはわたしたちのチームのあたらしいメンバーです). The band has five members「そのバンドは5人のメンバーがいます」(そのバンドはごにんのメンバーがいます). The word is often used in contexts like sports teams, music bands, or any organized group.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2300

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inn

Reading

Kanji

宿Lodging

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宿 (やど)' primarily means 'inn' or 'lodging'. It refers to a place where travelers can stay overnight, such as a traditional Japanese inn or a guesthouse. This word is often used in contexts related to travel or temporary accommodation. For example: I stayed at a small inn「小さな宿に泊まった」(ちいさなやどにとまった). The inn is located near the hot spring「その宿は温泉の近くにある」(そのやどはおんせんのちかくにある). Additionally, '宿' can sometimes refer to a place of residence or a home, but this usage is less common and typically context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2302

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Camera

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'カメラ (kamera)' refers to a 'camera', a device used to capture photographs or record videos. This word is a loanword from English, and it is commonly used in everyday conversation. It can refer to any type of camera, including digital cameras, film cameras, and even smartphone cameras. Example sentences: I bought a new camera「新しいカメラを買いました」(あたらしいカメラをかいました). This camera is very expensive「このカメラはとても高いです」(このカメラはとてもたかいです). The word is widely understood and used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2305

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Joy

Reading

Kanji

喜Rejoice

Explanation

The Japanese noun '喜び (よろこび)' means 'joy' or 'delight'. It refers to a feeling of great happiness or pleasure, often arising from a positive event or experience. This word is commonly used to express emotional states or reactions. For example: I felt great joy「私は大きな喜びを感じた」(わたしはおおきなよろこびをかんじた). The joy of meeting you「あなたに会えた喜び」(あなたにあったよろこび). It can also be used in more formal or poetic contexts to convey deep emotional satisfaction.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2307

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Date

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '月日 (がっぴ)' refers to a specific 'date' on the calendar, typically used in formal or written contexts. It is often seen on official documents, forms, or when specifying a particular day in a structured format. For example: Please write the date here「ここに月日を書いてください」(ここにがっぴをかいてください). The date of the event is set for October 10th「イベントの月日は10月10日に決まりました」(イベントのがっぴはじゅうがつとおかにきまりました). Note that '月日' is more formal than other terms like '日付 (ひづけ)', which is also used to mean 'date' but in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2308

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stairs

Reading

Kanji

段Step, Stairs 階Storey

Explanation

The Japanese noun '階段 (かいだん)' means 'stairs'. It refers to a series of steps that allow people to move from one level of a building to another. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation when referring to staircases in homes, offices, or public places. For example: Please use the stairs「階段を使ってください」(かいだんをつかってください). The stairs are over there「階段はあそこです」(かいだんはあそこです). It can also be used metaphorically to describe progress or steps in a process, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2310

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Toilet

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'トイレ (toire)' refers to a 'toilet' or 'restroom'. It is a commonly used word in everyday conversation and is understood by all Japanese speakers. The word is derived from the English word 'toilet', but in Japanese, it specifically refers to the room or facility where the toilet is located, rather than the fixture itself. For example: Where is the toilet?「トイレはどこですか？」(といれはどこですか？). I need to go to the toilet「トイレに行かなきゃ」(といれにいかなきゃ). It's important to note that 'トイレ' is a casual term and can be used in most situations, but in more formal contexts, the word 'お手洗い (おてあらい)' might be preferred.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2311

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Viewpoint

Reading

Kanji

視See, Look 点Point

Explanation

The Japanese noun '視点 (してん)' means 'viewpoint' or 'perspective'. It refers to the way someone sees or interprets something, often in a figurative sense. This word is commonly used in discussions, debates, or analyses to describe someone's angle or approach to a topic. For example: from my viewpoint「私の視点から」(わたしのしてんから). A new perspective on the problem「問題に対する新しい視点」(もんだいにたいするあたらしいしてん). It can also be used in art or photography to describe the angle or focus of a composition.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2313

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Now, Around now

Reading

Kanji

今Now

Explanation

The Japanese noun '今ごろ (いまごろ)' refers to the current time or the approximate present moment. It can be translated as 'now' or 'around now' and is often used to indicate what is happening or should be happening at this time. For example: What is he doing now?「彼は今ごろ何をしているの？」(かれはいまごろなにをしているの？). By now, the train should have arrived「今ごろ電車は着いているはずだ」(いまごろでんしゃはついているはずだ). The word can also imply a sense of speculation or estimation about the current situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2315

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work, Function

Reading

Kanji

働Work

Explanation

The Japanese noun '働き (はたらき)' can mean 'work' or 'function'. When referring to 'work', it often describes the act of working or labor, such as in a job or physical effort. For example: His work is important「彼の働きは重要だ」(かれのはたらきはじゅうようだ). When referring to 'function', it describes the role or operation of something, such as a machine or a body part. For example: The function of the heart is to pump blood「心臓の働きは血液を送ることだ」(しんぞうのはたらきはけつえきをおくることだ). The word is versatile and can be used in both literal and abstract contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2319

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Child

Reading

Kanji

童Juvenile 児Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '児童 (じどう)' refers to a child, typically in the context of school-age children or minors. It is often used in formal or educational settings, such as when discussing children's welfare, education, or legal rights. For example: The school is for children「その学校は児童のためのものです」(そのがっこうはじどうのためのものです). The law protects the rights of children「その法律は児童の権利を守る」(そのほうりつはじどうのけんりをまもる). Note that '児童' is more formal than other words like '子供 (こども)', which is a more general term for children.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2323

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Factor

Reading

Kanji

要Important, Need 因Cause

Explanation

The Japanese noun '要因 (よういん)' means 'factor'. It refers to an element or component that contributes to a result or outcome. This term is often used in contexts such as scientific research, business analysis, and everyday discussions about causes and effects. For example: The main factor for the success was teamwork「成功の主な要因はチームワークだった」(せいこうのおもなよういんはチームワークだった). Economic factors influenced the decision「経済的要因がその決定に影響した」(けいざいてきよういんがそのけっていにえいきょうした). Note that '要因' is typically used in formal or analytical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2328

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flood

Reading

Kanji

大Big 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大水 (おおみず)' refers to a 'flood'. This term is used to describe an overflow of water that submerges land, often caused by heavy rainfall or overflowing rivers. It is a natural disaster that can cause significant damage. Example sentences: The flood destroyed many houses「大水で多くの家が壊れた」(おおみずでおおくのいえがこわれた). After the flood, the town was in chaos「大水の後、町は混乱していた」(おおみずのあと、まちはこんらんしていた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2331

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Food

Reading

Kanji

品Product 食Eat, Food

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食品 (しょくひん)' refers to 'food' in the sense of edible items or food products. It is a general term used to describe any kind of foodstuff, including packaged or processed foods, as well as raw ingredients. This word is often used in contexts related to food safety, food production, or when discussing food items in a formal or commercial setting. For example: This store sells organic food「この店は有機食品を売っています」(このみせはゆうきしょくひんをうっています). Food safety is important「食品の安全は大切です」(しょくひんのあんぜんはたいせつです). Note that '食品' is more formal and specific than the more casual term '食べ物 (たべもの)', which also means 'food' but is used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2332

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Underwater

Reading

Kanji

中Center 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水中 (すいちゅう)' means 'underwater'. It refers to anything that is situated, occurring, or done beneath the surface of water. This word is commonly used in contexts related to swimming, diving, marine biology, or underwater photography. For example: The fish swim underwater「魚は水中を泳ぐ」(さかなはすいちゅうをおよぐ). The underwater camera captured beautiful coral「水中カメラが美しいサンゴを撮影した」(すいちゅうカメラがうつくしいサンゴをさつえいした). Note that '水中' is often used as a noun but can also function as a no-adjective (e.g., 水中探査 (すいちゅうたんさ) - underwater exploration).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2333

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Situation, Current

Reading

Kanji

状Form, Condition 現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese noun '現状 (げんじょう)' refers to the 'current situation' or 'present state' of affairs. It is often used in formal or business contexts to discuss the existing conditions or circumstances. For example: we need to analyze the current situation「現状を分析する必要がある」(げんじょうをぶんせきするひつようがある). The current situation is not favorable「現状は有利ではない」(げんじょうはゆうりではない). This term is commonly used in discussions about business, politics, or any scenario where understanding the present state is crucial for decision-making.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2334

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Small

Reading

Kanji

小Small

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小 (しょう)' means 'small' or 'little'. It is often used in compound words or names to indicate something is small in size or scale. For example: small mountain『小山』(しょうやま), small river『小川』(おがわ). It can also be used in names of people or places. For example: Mr. Kojima『小島さん』(こじまさん). Note that while '小' can stand alone as a noun, it is more commonly seen as part of compound words.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2336

Composition

kanji

Radical Form

⺌

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wound

Reading

Kanji

傷Wound, Injury

Explanation

The Japanese noun '傷 (きず)' primarily means 'wound'. It refers to a physical injury, such as a cut, bruise, or scar on the body. However, it can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional or psychological wounds. For example: He has a wound on his arm「彼の腕に傷がある」(かれのうでにきずがある). The incident left a deep emotional wound「その事件は深い心の傷を残した」(そのじけんはふかいこころのきずをのこした). The word is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2338

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Side

Reading

Kanji

脇Armpit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '脇 (わき)' primarily means 'side', referring to the area beside or next to something. It is often used to describe the space adjacent to a person, object, or location. For example: He stood by my side「彼は私の脇に立った」(かれはわたしのわきにたった). The book is placed beside the lamp「本はランプの脇に置かれている」(ほんはランプのわきにおかれている). Additionally, '脇' can sometimes refer to the armpit in specific contexts, but this usage is less common and typically requires additional clarification. For example: She applied deodorant to her armpit「彼女は脇にデオドラントをつけた」(かのじょはわきにデオドラントをつけた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2339

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Father, Old man

Reading

Kanji

父Father 親Parent

Explanation

The Japanese noun '親父 (おやじ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'father', often used in a casual or affectionate way, typically by adult children when referring to their own father. For example: my father is strict「私の親父は厳しい」(わたしのおやじはきびしい). The second meaning is 'old man', which can be used to refer to an older man, often in a somewhat informal or colloquial context. For example: that old man is kind「あの親父は優しい」(あのおやじはやさしい). Note that the tone can vary depending on the context, and it may carry a sense of familiarity or even slight roughness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2341

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reader

Reading

Kanji

読Read 者Someone

Explanation

The Japanese noun '読者 (どくしゃ)' means 'reader'. It refers to someone who reads, particularly in the context of books, articles, or other written materials. This word is commonly used in discussions about literature, media, or audience engagement. For example: The author values their readers「その作家は読者を大切にしている」(そのさっかはどくしゃをたいせつにしている). This magazine has many readers「この雑誌は多くの読者がいる」(このざっしはおおくのどくしゃがいる). The term can also be used in a broader sense to describe someone who reads regularly, such as '彼は熱心な読者だ (かれはねっしんなどくしゃだ)' (He is an avid reader).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2342

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sewage

Reading

Kanji

下Down 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '下水 (げすい)' refers to 'sewage' or 'wastewater'. It specifically denotes water that has been used in households, industries, or businesses and contains waste materials. This term is commonly used in discussions about sanitation, infrastructure, and environmental issues. For example: The city is improving its sewage system「市は下水システムを改善している」(しはげすいシステムをかいぜんしている). The smell of sewage is strong here「ここは下水の臭いが強い」(ここはげすいのにおいがつよい). It is important to note that '下水' is often used in technical or formal contexts related to urban planning and public health.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2343

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tone

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '口調 (くちょう)' refers to the tone or manner of speaking. It describes how someone's voice sounds, including pitch, rhythm, and intonation, which can convey emotions, attitudes, or personality. For example: His tone was calm「彼の口調は落ち着いていた」(かれのくちょうはおちついていた). She spoke in a cheerful tone「彼女は明るい口調で話した」(かのじょはあかるいくちょうではなした). This word is often used to describe the way someone speaks in conversations, speeches, or storytelling.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2346

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

First

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初 (はつ)' means 'first' and is often used to refer to the first occurrence of something, such as the first time, the first event, or the beginning of a period. It carries a sense of freshness or newness. For example: this is my first time in Japan「これは私の初の日本です」(これはわたしのはつのにほんです). The first snow of the year「初雪」(はつゆき). It is commonly used in compound words to emphasize the first instance, such as '初日 (はつひ)' (first day) or '初体験 (はつたいけん)' (first experience).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2347

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Efficiency

Reading

Kanji

率Command, Proportion 効Effective

Explanation

The Japanese noun '効率 (こうりつ)' means 'efficiency'. It refers to the ability to accomplish a task with minimal waste of time, effort, or resources. This word is often used in contexts related to work, technology, or systems. For example: improving efficiency「効率を改善する」(こうりつをかいぜんする). This machine has high efficiency「この機械は効率が高い」(このきかいこうりつがたかい). The term can also be used in broader contexts, such as energy efficiency or organizational efficiency.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2348

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

President

Reading

Kanji

大Big 領Territory 統Unite

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大統領 (だいとうりょう)' refers to the 'president' of a country, particularly in the context of a republic or democratic nation. It is commonly used to describe the head of state or government in countries like the United States. For example: The president gave a speech「大統領が演説をした」(だいとうりょうがえんぜつをした). The president visited Japan「大統領が日本を訪問した」(だいとうりょうがにほんをほうもんした). This term is specific to political leaders and is not used for other types of leaders or executives.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2349

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Morning, AM

Reading

Kanji

前Before, Front 午Noon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '午前 (ごぜん)' refers to the time period from midnight to noon, commonly known as 'morning' or 'AM' in English. It is often used in contexts related to time, schedules, or appointments. For example: The meeting is at 10 AM「会議は午前10時です」(かいぎはごぜんじゅうじです). I wake up early in the morning「私は午前中に早く起きます」(わたしはごぜんちゅうにはやくおきます). Note that '午前' is typically used in formal or written contexts, while '朝 (あさ)' is more commonly used in casual speech to refer to the morning.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2350

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line, Row

Reading

Kanji

行Go

Explanation

The Japanese noun '行 (ぎょう)' primarily refers to a 'row' or 'line'. It is commonly used in contexts such as seating arrangements, text formatting, or organizing items in a sequence. For example: the text is written in three lines「テキストは三行で書かれている」(てきすとはさんぎょうでかかれている). Please sit in the front row「前の行に座ってください」(まえのぎょうにすわってください). Additionally, '行' can also refer to a line of text in written material, such as in books or documents. For instance: this paragraph has five lines「この段落は五行あります」(このだんらくはごぎょうあります).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2353

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Item, Matter

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 項Clause, Paragraph

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事項 (じこう)' refers to a specific matter, item, or point of consideration. It is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe details, topics, or elements that are part of a larger discussion, list, or document. For example: Please check the important matters「重要な事項を確認してください」(じゅうようなじこうをかくにんしてください). The contract includes several key items「契約にはいくつかの重要な事項が含まれています」(けいやくにはいくつかのじゅうようなじこうがふくまれています). This word is commonly used in legal, business, or administrative settings to refer to specific points or issues.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2354

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weekly holiday

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 週Week

Explanation

The Japanese noun '週休 (しゅうきゅう)' refers to 'weekly holiday' or 'day off per week.' It is commonly used in talking about work or school schedules, indicating a regularly scheduled day off each week. Example: My weekly holiday is Sunday 「私の週休は日曜日です」 (わたしのしゅうきゅうはにちようびです). The company offers a weekly holiday 「その会社は週休を提供しています」 (そのかいしゃはしゅうきゅうをていきょうしています). This word is often used in contexts related to employment, work-life balance, or academic schedules.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2355

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stress

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ストレス (sutoresu)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'stress'. It refers to mental or emotional strain resulting from demanding circumstances. This term is commonly used in both personal and professional contexts to describe feelings of pressure or tension. For example: I have a lot of stress at work「仕事でストレスが多い」(しごとでストレスがおおい). Stress can affect your health「ストレスは健康に影響する」(ストレスはけんこうにえいきょうする). The word is often used in discussions about mental health, work-life balance, and daily challenges.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2357

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ライン (rain)' means 'line'. This word is often used to refer to a physical line, such as a drawn line, a queue, or a boundary. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a sequence or a series of connected elements. For example: draw a line「ラインを引く」(らいんをひく). The line for the concert was very long「コンサートのラインはとても長かった」(こんさーとのらいんはとてもながかった). Additionally, 'ライン' is commonly used in the context of sports to refer to boundary lines on a field or court, such as in soccer or tennis. It's important to note that 'ライン' is a loanword from English, and its usage is quite versatile in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2359

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Firepower

Reading

Kanji

火Fire 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '火力 (かりょく)' primarily means 'firepower'. This term is often used in military contexts to describe the destructive capacity of weapons or artillery. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the intensity or effectiveness of something, such as in sports or business. For example: The army increased its firepower「軍隊は火力を増強した」(ぐんたいはかりょくをぞうきょうした). The team's firepower led them to victory「チームの火力が勝利に導いた」(チームのかりょくがしょうりにみちびいた). In cooking, '火力' can refer to the heat intensity of a stove or oven, as in: Adjust the firepower of the stove「コンロの火力を調節する」(コンロのかりょくをちょうせつする).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2360

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Waterpower

Reading

Kanji

水Water 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水力 (すいりょく)' refers to 'waterpower', which is the power generated by the movement or flow of water. This term is commonly used in contexts related to energy production, such as hydroelectric power. For example: This region relies on waterpower for electricity「この地域は電力に水力を使っている」(このちいきはでんりょくにすいりょくをつかっている). Waterpower is a renewable energy source「水力は再生可能エネルギー源です」(すいりょくはさいせいかのうエネルギーげんです). The term can also be used more broadly to describe the force or energy of water in natural settings, such as rivers or waterfalls.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2361

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doctor (phd), Expert

Reading

Kanji

博Extensive, Doctor (phd) 士Samurai

Explanation

The Japanese noun '博士 (はかせ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to someone who has earned a doctoral degree, such as a PhD, and is commonly used in academic contexts. For example: he is a doctor of physics「彼は物理学の博士です」(かれはぶつりがくのはかせです). The second meaning refers to someone who is an expert or highly skilled in a particular field, often used in a more general sense. For example: he is an expert in traditional Japanese art「彼は日本の伝統芸術の博士です」(かれはにほんのでんとうげいじゅつのはかせです). It's important to note that the context in which this word is used will determine whether it refers to an academic title or a general expert.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2364

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Volcano

Reading

Kanji

山Mountain 火Fire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '火山 (かざん)' means 'volcano'. This term refers to a mountain or hill that has a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are or have been erupted from the earth's crust. It is commonly used in both scientific and everyday contexts. For example: Mount Fuji is a famous volcano「富士山は有名な火山です」(ふじさんはゆうめいなかざんです). The volcano erupted last night「その火山は昨夜噴火しました」(そのかざんはさくやふんかしました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is explosive or intense, such as emotions or situations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2366

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parliament

Reading

Kanji

議Deliberation 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '議会 (ぎかい)' refers to a 'parliament' or 'legislative assembly'. It is used to describe a formal assembly of representatives that has the authority to make laws and govern. This term is commonly used in political contexts to refer to national or local legislative bodies. For example: The parliament passed a new law「議会は新しい法律を可決した」(ぎかいはあたらしいほうりつをかけつした). The members of parliament are debating「議会のメンバーは議論している」(ぎかいのメンバーはぎろんしている). Note that '議会' can also refer to local assemblies or councils, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2367

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stream

Reading

Kanji

小Small 川River

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小川 (おがわ)' means 'stream'. It refers to a small, narrow body of flowing water, typically smaller than a river. This word is often used in poetic or descriptive contexts to evoke a sense of nature and tranquility. For example: there is a stream near my house「私の家の近くに小川があります」(わたしのいえのちかくにおがわがあります). The sound of the stream is soothing「小川の音は心地よいです」(おがわのおとはここちよいです). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that flows gently or continuously, like a stream of thoughts or time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2369

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Neighborhood

Reading

Kanji

近Near 所Place

Explanation

The Japanese noun '近所 (きんじょ)' refers to the area or vicinity near one's home or a specific location. It is commonly used to describe the surrounding area where people live, often implying familiarity and proximity. For example: I often see my neighbor in the neighborhood「近所でよく隣人を見かけます」(きんじょでよくりんじんをみかけます). The neighborhood is very quiet「近所はとても静かです」(きんじょはとてもしずかです). This word can also imply a sense of community or the people living nearby, as in '近所の人 (きんじょのひと) (neighbor/people in the neighborhood)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2370

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sky, Air

Reading

Kanji

中Center 空Sky, Empty

Explanation

The Japanese noun '空中 (くうちゅう)' refers to the 'air' or 'sky', specifically the space above the ground. It is often used to describe something that is in the air or happening in the sky. For example: The bird is flying in the air「鳥が空中を飛んでいる」(とりがくうちゅうをとんでいる). The plane disappeared into the sky「飛行機が空中に消えた」(ひこうきがくうちゅうにきえた). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is not grounded or lacks a solid foundation, such as an idea or plan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2371

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thoroughness

Reading

Kanji

底Bottom 徹Penetrate, Go through

Explanation

The Japanese noun '徹底 (てってい)' means 'thoroughness' or 'completeness'. It refers to the quality of being thorough, meticulous, or exhaustive in carrying out a task or understanding a concept. This word is often used in contexts where attention to detail and leaving no stone unturned are emphasized. For example: The company emphasizes thoroughness in its training「その会社は徹底を訓練に重視する」(そのかいしゃはてっていをくんれんにじゅうしする). His research is known for its thoroughness「彼の研究は徹底で知られている」(かれのけんきゅうはてっていでしられている). The word can also imply a sense of rigor or intensity in approach.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2372

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Department

Reading

Kanji

門Gate 部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部門 (ぶもん)' refers to a 'department' or 'division' within an organization, company, or institution. It is commonly used to describe a specific section or branch that handles a particular function or area of responsibility. For example: the sales department「営業部門」(えいぎょうぶもん). The research and development department「研究開発部門」(けんきゅうかいはつぶもん). This term is often used in business and organizational contexts to categorize different areas of operation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2373

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nature, Property

Reading

Kanji

質Quality 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese noun '性質 (せいしつ)' refers to the inherent characteristics or qualities of a person, thing, or phenomenon. It can mean 'nature' when describing someone's personality or temperament, or 'property' when referring to the characteristics of materials or substances. For example: His nature is gentle「彼の性質は優しい」(かれのせいしつはやさしい). This material has unique properties「この材料は独特な性質を持っている」(このざいりょうはどくとくなせいしつをもっている). The word is often used in both scientific and everyday contexts to describe essential traits.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2376

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fight

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'けんか' refers to a 'fight' or 'quarrel', typically involving verbal or physical conflict between people. It is commonly used to describe arguments, disputes, or physical altercations. For example: They had a fight「彼らはけんかをした」(かれらはけんかをした). Siblings often fight「兄弟はよくけんかする」(きょうだいはよくけんかする). The word can also imply a heated disagreement, not necessarily physical. It is important to note that 'けんか' is a casual term and is often used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2378

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surface

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface 表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese noun '表面 (ひょうめん)' refers to the 'surface' of an object or a concept. It can be used to describe the outer layer or the visible part of something, whether physical or abstract. For example: the surface of the water「水の表面」(みずのひょうめん). The surface of the problem「問題の表面」(もんだいのひょうめん). This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, emphasizing what is immediately visible or apparent, as opposed to deeper or hidden aspects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2379

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inheritance

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese noun '相続 (そうぞく)' refers to the legal process of inheriting property, rights, or obligations after someone's death. It is commonly used in legal and familial contexts to describe the transfer of assets or responsibilities from a deceased person to their heirs. For example: He received the inheritance「彼は相続を受け取った」(かれはそうぞくをうけとった). The inheritance tax is high「相続税は高い」(そうぞくぜいはたかい). This term is often associated with legal procedures and can involve disputes among family members.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2380

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Paddy

Reading

Kanji

田Rice field 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水田 (すいでん)' refers to a 'paddy field', which is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice. This term is specifically used in the context of agriculture and farming. Example sentences: The paddy fields are beautiful in the summer「夏の水田は美しい」(なつのすいでんはうつくしい). Farmers work hard in the paddy fields「農家は水田で一生懸命働く」(のうかはすいでんでいっしょうけんめいはたらく).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2382

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Door

Reading

Kanji

戸Door

Explanation

The Japanese noun '戸 (と)' refers to a 'door', specifically a traditional sliding door or panel used in Japanese architecture. It is commonly used in contexts related to traditional Japanese homes, where sliding doors (fusuma or shoji) are prevalent. For example: Please close the door「戸を閉めてください」(とをしめてください). The door is made of wood「その戸は木でできています」(そのとはきでできています). Note that '戸' is often used in compound words, such as '引き戸 (ひきど)' (sliding door) or '雨戸 (あまど)' (storm shutter).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2385

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Essence

Reading

Kanji

質Quality 本Book, Origin

Explanation

The Japanese noun '本質 (ほんしつ)' refers to the fundamental nature or core quality of something. It is used to describe the intrinsic characteristics that define an object, concept, or phenomenon. For example: the essence of happiness「幸せの本質」(しあわせのほんしつ). Understanding the essence of the problem is crucial「問題の本質を理解することが重要だ」(もんだいのほんしつをりかいすることがじゅうようだ). This word is often used in philosophical or analytical contexts to emphasize the underlying truth or reality of a subject.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2386

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

AIDS

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'エイズ (eizu)' refers to 'AIDS', which stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. This term is used in medical and general contexts to describe the disease caused by the HIV virus. It is a loanword from English, written in katakana as is common for foreign terms. Example sentences include: He was diagnosed with AIDS「彼はエイズと診断された」(かれはエイズとしんだんされた). AIDS is a serious disease「エイズは深刻な病気です」(エイズはしんこくなびょうきです). The word is widely understood in Japan and is used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2389

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shadow, Silhouette

Reading

Kanji

影Shadow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '影 (かげ)' primarily means 'shadow', referring to the dark area or shape produced by an object blocking light. It can also mean 'silhouette', which is the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background. This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: the shadow of a tree「木の影」(きのかげ). Her silhouette was visible in the moonlight「月明かりに彼女の影が見えた」(つきあかりにかのじょのかげがみえた). In literature and poetry, '影' can also symbolize something fleeting or intangible, such as memories or emotions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2392

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Landlord

Reading

Kanji

大Big 家House

Explanation

The Japanese noun '大家 (おおや)' refers to a 'landlord' or 'landlady', the person who owns and rents out property. This term is commonly used in the context of renting apartments or houses in Japan. For example: The landlord is very kind「大家さんはとても親切です」(おおやさんはとてもしんせつです). I need to talk to the landlord about the rent「家賃について大家さんと話す必要があります」(やちんについておおやさんとはなすひつようがあります). It's important to note that '大家' can also refer to a 'master' or 'expert' in a particular field, but this usage is less common and typically requires additional context to avoid confusion.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2395

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New years day

Reading

Kanji

元Origin 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '元日 (がんじつ)' refers specifically to 'New Year's Day', which is January 1st. This is the first day of the year in the Gregorian calendar and is a national holiday in Japan. It is a day of celebration, family gatherings, and traditional customs such as visiting shrines or temples (初詣, はつもうで). Example sentences: We celebrate New Year's Day with family「家族で元日を祝います」(かぞくでがんじつをいわいます). New Year's Day is a public holiday「元日は祝日です」(がんじつはしゅくじつです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2397

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Principle

Reading

Kanji

理Reason 原Meadow, Original

Explanation

The Japanese noun '原理 (げんり)' means 'principle'. It refers to a fundamental truth, law, or concept that serves as the foundation for a system of belief, behavior, or reasoning. This word is often used in scientific, philosophical, or technical contexts to describe the basic rules or theories that explain how something works. For example: the principle of gravity「重力の原理」(じゅうりょくのげんり). The principle of democracy「民主主義の原理」(みんしゅしゅぎのげんり). It can also be used in everyday contexts to describe the underlying reason or logic behind something, such as 'the principle behind this machine'「この機械の原理」(このきかいのげんり).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2398

Composition

kanji

Handwriting