Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Subordinate

Reading

Kanji

部Section, Department 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '部下 (ぶか)' refers to a subordinate or someone who is under the authority of another person, typically in a workplace or organizational setting. It is commonly used to describe employees or team members who report to a supervisor or manager. For example: He is my subordinate「彼は私の部下です」(かれはわたしのぶかです). The manager gave instructions to his subordinates「上司は部下に指示を出した」(じょうしはぶかにしじをだした). The term carries a formal tone and is often used in professional contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2557

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Therapy

Reading

Kanji

療Cure, Heal 法Law, Method

Explanation

The Japanese noun '療法 (りょうほう)' means 'therapy'. It refers to a method or treatment used to heal or alleviate a medical condition, illness, or disorder. This word is often used in medical or therapeutic contexts and can be combined with other words to specify the type of therapy, such as '物理療法 (ぶつりりょうほう)' (physical therapy) or '心理療法 (しんりりょうほう)' (psychological therapy). Example sentences: She is undergoing therapy for her back pain「彼女は腰痛の療法を受けている」(かのじょはようつうのりょうほうをうけている). This therapy is very effective「この療法はとても効果的です」(このりょうほうはとてもこうかてきです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2558

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equator

Reading

Kanji

赤Red 道Way

Explanation

The Japanese noun '赤道 (せきどう)' refers to the 'equator', the imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. It is a geographical term used in contexts related to Earth's geography, climate, and astronomy. For example: The equator is the hottest part of the Earth「赤道は地球で一番暑いところです」(せきどうはちきゅうでいちばんあついところです). The sun is directly above the equator during the equinox「春分と秋分には太陽が赤道の真上に来ます」(しゅんぶんとしゅうぶんにはたいようがせきどうのまうえにきます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2559

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

National railway

Reading

Kanji

国Country 鉄Iron

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国鉄 (こくてつ)' refers to the 'National Railway', specifically the former Japanese National Railways (JNR), which was a state-owned railway company in Japan until it was privatized and divided into several companies in 1987. This term is often used in historical contexts or when referring to the era before privatization. For example: The national railway was privatized in 1987「国鉄は1987年に民営化された」(こくてつは1987ねんにみんえいかされた). My father worked for the national railway「父は国鉄で働いていた」(ちちはこくてつではたらいていた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2560

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Private railway

Reading

Kanji

私Private, Me 鉄Iron

Explanation

The Japanese noun '私鉄 (してつ)' refers to a 'private railway'. This term is used to describe railway systems that are owned and operated by private companies, as opposed to those run by the government (which are called '国鉄 (こくてつ)' or 'national railways'). Private railways are common in Japan and often serve urban and suburban areas, connecting cities and towns. Example sentences: The private railway is convenient「私鉄は便利です」(してつはべんりです). I take the private railway to work「私は私鉄で仕事に行きます」(わたしはしてつでしごとにいきます).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2561

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

House

Reading

Kanji

家House 屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese noun '家屋 (かおく)' refers to a 'house' or 'building' used as a dwelling. It is a formal term often used in legal, architectural, or technical contexts to describe a residential structure. For example: The house was damaged in the earthquake「家屋が地震で損傷した」(かおくがじしんでそんしょうした). They are building a new house「新しい家屋を建てている」(あたらしいかおくをたてている). This term is more specific than the general word '家 (いえ)', which can also mean 'home' or 'family'. '家屋' emphasizes the physical structure of the building.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2562

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Oneself

Reading

Kanji

己Oneself

Explanation

The Japanese noun '己 (おのれ)' refers to 'oneself' or 'self'. It is often used in a reflective or introspective context, emphasizing the speaker's own identity or actions. This term can carry a formal or archaic tone and is sometimes used in expressions of self-reproach or determination. For example: I must rely on myself「己を頼りにしなければならない」(おのれをたよりにしなければならない). He blamed himself「彼は己を責めた」(かれはおのれをせめた). Note that '己' can also appear in idiomatic expressions or proverbs, such as '己の欲せざる所は人に施す勿れ (おのれのほっせざるところはひとにほどこすなかれ)', which translates to 'Do not impose on others what you do not desire for yourself.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Item

Reading

Kanji

項Clause, Paragraph 目Eye

Explanation

The Japanese noun '項目 (こうもく)' means 'item' and is commonly used to refer to a specific entry, point, or topic in a list, document, or discussion. It is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as in reports, forms, or agendas. For example: Please check each item on the list「リストの各項目を確認してください」(リストのかくこうもくをかくにんしてください). The agenda has five items「議題は五つの項目があります」(ぎだいはいつつのこうもくがあります). This word is particularly useful when organizing or categorizing information.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2564

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rooftop

Reading

Kanji

屋Shop, Roof 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese noun '屋上 (おくじょう)' refers to the 'rooftop' of a building. It is commonly used to describe the topmost part of a structure, often accessible to people for various purposes such as relaxation, events, or maintenance. For example: Let's go to the rooftop「屋上に行こう」(おくじょうにいこう). The view from the rooftop is beautiful「屋上からの眺めは美しい」(おくじょうからのながめはうつくしい). This word is frequently used in urban settings, especially in reference to buildings in cities where rooftops might be utilized for gardens, observation decks, or other activities.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrance

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '入り口 (いりぐち)' means 'entrance'. It refers to the point or place where one enters a building, room, or area. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as describing the entrance to a house, store, or park. For example: The entrance is over there「入り口はあそこです」(いりぐちはあそこです). Please wait at the entrance「入り口で待ってください」(いりぐちでまってください). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the beginning of something, such as the entrance to a new phase in life. Note that '入り口' is often paired with verbs like '探す (さがす)' (to look for) or '見つける (みつける)' (to find) when discussing locating an entrance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2566

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Limit

Reading

Kanji

限Limit 界World

Explanation

The Japanese noun '限界 (げんかい)' means 'limit'. It refers to the boundary or point beyond which something cannot or should not go. This word is often used in contexts involving physical, mental, or abstract boundaries. For example: I reached my limit「限界に達した」(げんかいにたっした). The limit of human endurance「人間の限界」(にんげんのげんかい). It can also be used to describe the maximum capacity or extent of something, such as 'the limit of technology'「技術の限界」(ぎじゅつのげんかい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2567

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Month end

Reading

Kanji

月Moon, Month 末End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '月末 (げつまつ)' refers to the end of a month. It is commonly used in contexts related to deadlines, financial periods, or scheduling. For example: The report is due at the end of the month「レポートは月末までです」(レポートはげつまつまでです). I will pay the bill by the end of the month「月末までに請求書を支払います」(げつまつまでにせいきゅうしょをしはらいます). This term is often used in business or administrative settings to indicate time-sensitive tasks or events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2570

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Youngest

Reading

Kanji

末End 子Child

Explanation

The Japanese noun '末っ子 (すえっこ)' refers to the youngest child in a family. It is a term often used to describe the position of a child within a sibling group, emphasizing their status as the last-born. This term carries a nuance of affection or endearment, as the youngest child is often seen as the baby of the family. For example: She is the youngest in her family「彼女は末っ子です」(かのじょはすえっこです). The youngest child is always spoiled「末っ子はいつも甘やかされる」(すえっこはいつもあまやかされる). The word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to describe family dynamics.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2571

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Declaration

Reading

Kanji

宣Proclaim, Promulgate 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese noun '宣言 (せんげん)' means 'declaration'. It refers to a formal or public statement, often used in contexts like political announcements, personal resolutions, or official proclamations. For example: He made a declaration of love「彼は愛の宣言をした」(かれはあいのせんげんをした). The government issued a declaration of emergency「政府は非常事態宣言を出した」(せいふはひじょうじたいせんげんをだした). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to emphasize the seriousness or importance of the statement being made.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2572

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wine

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ワイン (wain)' refers to 'wine', an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes. This term is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to describe various types of wine, such as red wine, white wine, or sparkling wine. It is a loanword from English, reflecting Japan's adoption of Western culinary culture. Example sentences: I like red wine「赤ワインが好きです」(あかワインがすきです). This wine is delicious「このワインは美味しいです」(このワインはおいしいです). Wine is often enjoyed with meals or during social gatherings in Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2573

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

End

Reading

Kanji

末End

Explanation

The Japanese noun '末 (すえ)' refers to the 'end' or 'conclusion' of something, often in a temporal or spatial sense. It can be used to describe the end of a period, the tip of an object, or the outcome of a situation. For example: at the end of the month「月末に」(げつまつに). The tip of the branch「枝の末」(えだのすえ). The outcome of the discussion「議論の末」(ぎろんのすえ). This word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts, emphasizing the final part or result of something.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2575

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drinking water

Reading

Kanji

飲Drink 料Materials, Fee 水Water

Explanation

The Japanese noun '飲料水 (いんりょうすい)' refers to 'drinking water', which is water that is safe and suitable for human consumption. This term is often used in contexts related to health, safety, and environmental discussions. For example: This area has clean drinking water「この地域にはきれいな飲料水があります」(このちいきにはきれいないんりょうすいがあります). We need to ensure the supply of drinking water「飲料水の供給を確保する必要があります」(いんりょうすいのきょうきゅうをかくほするひつようがあります). The term emphasizes the importance of water quality and safety for drinking purposes.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2576

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Concert

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'コンサート (konsaato)' refers to a musical performance, typically involving one or more musicians or bands performing live for an audience. This word is a loanword from English and is commonly used in the context of music events. For example: I went to a concert yesterday「昨日コンサートに行きました」(きのうコンサートにいきました). The concert was amazing「コンサートは素晴らしかった」(コンサートはすばらしかった). It is important to note that 'コンサート' is often used interchangeably with 'ライブ (raibu)', though 'ライブ' can also refer to live performances in a broader sense, including non-musical events.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2577

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Map

Reading

Kanji

地Ground 図Map

Explanation

The Japanese noun '地図 (ちず)' means 'map'. It refers to a visual representation of an area, showing physical features, cities, roads, etc. This word is commonly used in everyday situations, such as when navigating or planning trips. For example: I bought a map of Tokyo「東京の地図を買いました」(とうきょうのちずをかいました). Can you show me the map?「地図を見せてくれますか？」(ちずをみせてくれますか？). It is also used in compound words like '世界地図 (せかいちず)' (world map) or '地下鉄地図 (ちかてつちず)' (subway map).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2579

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Senior

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 輩Fellow, Comrade

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先輩 (せんぱい)' refers to someone who is senior to you in age, experience, or status, particularly in school, work, or a group. It is commonly used to address or refer to someone who has been in an organization or field longer than you. For example: My senior at work is very kind「私の先輩はとても親切です」(わたしのせんぱいはとてもしんせつです). I respect my senior「私は先輩を尊敬しています」(わたしはせんぱいをそんけいしています). This term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, emphasizing respect and hierarchy in relationships.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aviation

Reading

Kanji

航Sail, Navigate 空Sky, Empty

Explanation

The Japanese noun '航空 (こうくう)' refers to 'aviation', which is the operation of aircraft or the activity of flying. This term is often used in contexts related to air travel, airlines, and the aviation industry. For example: aviation technology is advancing rapidly「航空技術は急速に進歩している」(こうくうぎじゅつはきゅうそくにしんぽしている). The aviation industry is growing「航空業界は成長している」(こうくうぎょうかいはせいちょうしている). It is also commonly seen in compound words like '航空会社 (こうくうがいしゃ)' (airline) or '航空機 (こうくうき)' (aircraft).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2583

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Power, Influence

Reading

Kanji

勢Power, Force 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese noun '勢力 (せいりょく)' refers to 'power' or 'influence', often in the context of political, social, or military strength. It can describe the capacity of a group, organization, or individual to exert control or sway over others. For example: The country expanded its power「その国は勢力を拡大した」(そのくにはせいりょくをかくだいした). The political party lost its influence「その政党は勢力を失った」(そのせいとうはせいりょくをうしなった). This word is commonly used in discussions about power dynamics, competition, or dominance.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2584

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Priority

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle 先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese noun '優先 (ゆうせん)' means 'priority'. It refers to something being given precedence or higher importance over other things. This word is commonly used in contexts like work, transportation, or decision-making. For example: give priority to safety「安全を優先する」(あんぜんをゆうせんする). Priority seating is available「優先席があります」(ゆうせんせきがあります). The word can also be used in compound terms like '優先順位 (ゆうせんじゅんい)' (priority order) or '優先権 (ゆうせんけん)' (priority right).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2585

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Employee

Reading

Kanji

使Use 用Use 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '使用人 (しようにん)' refers to an 'employee' or 'servant'. It is a formal term used to describe someone who is employed by another person or organization, typically in a service or domestic role. The word carries a slightly old-fashioned or formal tone and is often used in historical or legal contexts. For example: The employee works diligently「使用人は勤勉に働く」(しようにんはきんべんにはたらく). The servant prepared the meal「使用人が食事を用意した」(しようにんがしょくじをよういした). Note that in modern contexts, the term '従業員 (じゅうぎょういん)' is more commonly used for 'employee'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2587

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sweat

Reading

Kanji

汗Sweat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '汗 (あせ)' means 'sweat'. It refers to the moisture exuded through the pores of the skin, typically as a result of physical exertion, heat, or nervousness. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be found in various contexts, such as describing physical activity, weather conditions, or emotional states. For example: I wiped the sweat from my forehead「額の汗を拭いた」(ひたいのあせをふいた). After running, I was covered in sweat「走った後、汗だくになった」(はしったあと、あせだくになった). It's also used metaphorically to describe hard work or effort, as in 'sweating over a task'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2589

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Structure, Mechanism

Reading

Kanji

仕Serve 組Association, Group

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仕組み (しくみ)' refers to the mechanism or structure of something, often describing how a system, device, or process works. It can be used in both literal and abstract contexts. For example: the mechanism of this machine is complex「この機械の仕組みは複雑だ」(このきかいのしくみはふくざつだ). The structure of this organization is well-designed「この組織の仕組みはよく考えられている」(このそしきのしくみはよくかんがえられている). The word can also imply the underlying framework or arrangement of something, such as a plan or system.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2590

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

National funds

Reading

Kanji

国Country 費Expense

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国費 (こくひ)' refers to funds or expenses that are provided or managed by the national government. It is often used in contexts related to government budgets, public spending, or financial support provided by the state. For example: The project is funded by national funds「そのプロジェクトは国費で賄われている」(そのプロジェクトはこくひでまかなわれている). The scholarship is supported by national funds「その奨学金は国費で支えられている」(そのしょうがくきんはこくひでささえられている). This term is commonly used in formal or administrative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2591

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Food expenses

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 費Expense

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食費 (しょくひ)' refers to the cost or expenses related to food. This term is commonly used when discussing household budgets, personal finances, or the cost of living. It encompasses all expenses associated with purchasing food, whether for daily meals, groceries, or dining out. For example: My food expenses are high this month「今月の食費が高い」(こんげつのしょくひがたかい). We need to reduce our food expenses「食費を減らす必要がある」(しょくひをへらすひつようがある). This term is often used in financial planning or when discussing cost-saving measures.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2592

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Season

Reading

Kanji

季Season 節Season, Node

Explanation

The Japanese noun '季節 (きせつ)' refers to 'season', specifically one of the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter). It is used to describe the natural changes and characteristics associated with each period. For example: I love the autumn season「秋の季節が大好きです」(あきのきせつがだいすきです). The cherry blossoms are a symbol of the spring season「桜は春の季節の象徴です」(さくらははるのきせつのしょうちょうです). This word is commonly used in everyday conversation, poetry, and literature to evoke the beauty and atmosphere of each season.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2593

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

West, Western

Reading

Kanji

西West 洋Ocean, Western style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '西洋 (せいよう)' primarily refers to 'the West' or 'Western countries', particularly Europe and the Americas. It is often used in contrast to '東洋 (とうよう)', which refers to 'the East' or 'Eastern countries'. The term can also be used to describe things that are Western in origin or style. For example: Western culture is fascinating「西洋の文化は魅力的です」(せいようのぶんかはみりょくてきです). This painting is in a Western style「この絵は西洋風です」(このえはせいようふうです). The word is commonly used in contexts discussing cultural, historical, or geographical differences between the East and the West.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2594

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Private expense

Reading

Kanji

私Private, Me 費Expense

Explanation

The Japanese noun '私費 (しひ)' means 'private expense.' This word is used to refer to expenses that are paid from one's own pocket or personal resources, rather than being covered by an organization or public funds. It is often used in contexts such as education, medical costs, or business expenses. Example: I paid for the course with my own money 「そのコースは私費で払いました」 (そのコースはしひではらいました). The company does not cover private expenses 「会社は私費を負担しません」 (かいしゃはしひをふたんしません). Note that this word is commonly used in informal or professional contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2595

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knowledge

Reading

Kanji

存Exist, Suppose 知Know

Explanation

The Japanese noun '存知 (ぞんじ)' refers to 'knowledge' or 'awareness' of something. It is often used in polite or formal contexts to indicate that someone is aware of or knows about a particular matter. For example: I am aware of that matter「その件は存じております」(そのけんはぞんじております). Do you know about this?「これをご存知ですか？」(これをごぞんじですか？). The term is typically used in respectful or humble speech, especially when referring to someone else's knowledge or awareness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2599

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Documents

Reading

Kanji

書Write 類Kind, Type

Explanation

The Japanese noun '書類 (しょるい)' refers to 'documents' or 'papers'. It is commonly used in formal or business contexts to describe written materials, such as contracts, reports, or official forms. For example: Please submit the documents by tomorrow「書類を明日までに提出してください」(しょるいをあしたまでにていしゅつしてください). I organized the documents on my desk「書類を机の上に整理しました」(しょるいをつくえのうえにせいりしました). This word is often used in workplaces or administrative settings and can refer to both physical and digital documents.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2600

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Personnel, Human affairs

Reading

Kanji

人Person 事Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人事 (じんじ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to 'personnel' or matters related to human resources within an organization, such as hiring, promotions, and employee management. For example: The personnel department is on the third floor「人事部は三階にあります」(じんじぶはさんかいにあります). The second meaning refers to 'human affairs' or events that are beyond human control, often implying fate or destiny. For example: It's a matter of human affairs, we can't do anything about it「それは人事で、どうしようもない」(それはじんじで、どうしようもない). The context in which the word is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2601

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retail store

Reading

Kanji

小Small 売Sell 店Shop

Explanation

The Japanese noun '小売店 (こうりてん)' refers to a 'retail store', a place where goods are sold directly to consumers. This term is commonly used to describe shops, stores, or outlets that sell products in small quantities to the public. For example: There is a retail store near the station「駅の近くに小売店があります」(えきのちかくにこうりてんがあります). I bought this at a retail store「これを小売店で買いました」(これをこうりてんでかいました). The word is often used in contrast to wholesale businesses, which sell goods in bulk to other businesses rather than directly to consumers.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2603

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trading company

Reading

Kanji

商Trade, Deal 社Company

Explanation

The Japanese noun '商社 (しょうしゃ)' refers to a 'trading company'. These companies specialize in the import and export of goods, often acting as intermediaries between manufacturers and buyers. They play a significant role in global trade, handling a wide range of products from raw materials to finished goods. Example sentences: He works for a trading company「彼は商社に勤めている」(かれはしょうしゃにつとめている). This trading company deals with electronics「この商社は電子機器を扱っている」(このしょうしゃはでんしききをあつかっている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2604

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rotation

Reading

Kanji

自Self 転Revolve

Explanation

The Japanese noun '自転 (じてん)' refers to the act of rotating or spinning, particularly around an axis. It is often used in scientific or technical contexts, such as describing the rotation of celestial bodies or mechanical parts. For example: The Earth's rotation is called '自転'「地球の自転は『自転』と呼ばれる」(ちきゅうのじてんは『じてん』とよばれる). The wheel's rotation is smooth「車輪の自転は滑らかだ」(しゃりんのじてんはなめらかだ). Note that '自転' is distinct from '公転 (こうてん)', which refers to orbital motion around another object.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2606

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Four thousand

Reading

Kanji

四Four 千Thousand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '四千 (よんせん)' means 'four thousand'. It is a numerical term used to represent the quantity 4,000. This word is commonly used in contexts involving counting, measurements, or quantities. For example: the price is four thousand yen「値段は四千円です」(ねだんはよんせんえんです). There are four thousand people in the audience「観客は四千人います」(かんきゃくはよんせんにんいます). Note that '四千' is often used in formal or written contexts, while in casual speech, people might simply say 'よんせん' without the kanji.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2608

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Item

Reading

Kanji

品Product

Explanation

The Japanese noun '品 (しな)' primarily means 'item' or 'article'. It refers to a tangible object or product, often used in contexts like shopping, inventory, or describing goods. For example: This item is expensive「この品は高いです」(このしなはたかいです). The store has many items「その店にはたくさんの品がある」(そのみせにはたくさんのしながある). Additionally, '品' can sometimes imply quality or refinement, as in '高級品 (こうきゅうひん)' (high-quality goods). However, the core meaning remains 'item' in most contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2611

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Coast

Reading

Kanji

海Sea 岸Beach

Explanation

The Japanese noun '海岸 (かいがん)' refers to the 'coast' or 'seashore', specifically the area where the land meets the sea. It is commonly used to describe beaches, cliffs, or any shoreline area. This word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: The coast is beautiful「海岸は美しい」(かいがんはうつくしい). We walked along the coast「私たちは海岸を歩いた」(わたしたちはかいがんをあるいた). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '海岸線 (かいがんせん)' (coastline) or '海岸警備 (かいがんけいび)' (coast guard).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2612

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lake

Reading

Kanji

湖Lake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '湖 (みずうみ)' means 'lake'. It refers to a large body of water surrounded by land. This word is commonly used in geographical contexts or when describing natural landscapes. For example: The lake is beautiful「湖は美しい」(みずうみはうつくしい). I went to the lake yesterday「昨日、湖に行きました」(きのう、みずうみにいきました). The word '湖' is often used in compound words, such as '湖岸 (こがん)' meaning 'lakeshore' or '湖畔 (こはん)' meaning 'lakeside'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2613

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chemistry

Reading

Kanji

化Change 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '化学 (かがく)' refers to the scientific study of the properties, composition, and reactions of substances. It is a fundamental field in science and is often studied in schools and universities. Example sentences include: I study chemistry at university「私は大学で化学を勉強しています」(わたしはだいがくでかがくをべんきょうしています). Chemistry is an interesting subject「化学は面白い科目です」(かがくはおもしろいかもくです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '化学反応 (かがくはんのう)' meaning 'chemical reaction'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2617

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Food

Reading

Kanji

食Eat, Food 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '食べ物 (たべもの)' means 'food'. It refers to any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing meals, ingredients, or types of cuisine. For example: I like Japanese food「私は日本の食べ物が好きです」(わたしはにほんのたべものがすきです). This food is delicious「この食べ物は美味しい」(このたべものはおいしい). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as when talking about food culture or dietary preferences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2618

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scent

Reading

Kanji

香Fragrance

Explanation

The Japanese noun '香り (かおり)' refers to a pleasant smell or fragrance. It is commonly used to describe the aroma of flowers, food, or other pleasant odors. For example: the scent of roses is lovely「バラの香りは素敵です」(ばらのかおりはすてきです). I love the scent of coffee「コーヒーの香りが大好きです」(コーヒーのかおりがだいすきです). This word is often associated with positive and soothing smells, and it can be used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2622

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Customer

Reading

Kanji

顧Look back, Review 客Guest, Customer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '顧客 (こきゃく)' means 'customer'. It refers to a person or entity that purchases goods or services from a business. This term is commonly used in business and retail contexts to describe clients or patrons. For example: The store values its customers「その店は顧客を大切にしている」(そのみせはこきゃくをたいせつにしている). We need to attract more customers「もっと顧客を集める必要がある」(もっとこきゃくをあつめるひつようがある). The word is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2625

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Demand

Reading

Kanji

需Demand, Need 要Important, Need

Explanation

The Japanese noun '需要 (じゅよう)' means 'demand'. It is commonly used in economic, business, and market contexts to refer to the desire or need for goods, services, or resources. For example: the demand for electric cars is increasing「電気自動車の需要が増えている」(でんきじどうしゃのじゅようがふえている). There is high demand for skilled workers「熟練労働者の需要が高い」(じゅくれんろうどうしゃのじゅようがたかい). This word is often paired with '供給 (きょうきゅう)' (supply) to discuss market dynamics, as in 'supply and demand'「需要と供給」(じゅようときょうきゅう).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2626

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rule

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ルール (るーる)' means 'rule'. It refers to a prescribed guideline or principle that governs conduct or procedure within a specific context, such as games, organizations, or social norms. This word is often used in both formal and informal settings. For example: follow the rules「ルールを守ってください」(るーるをまもってください). The rules of this game are simple「このゲームのルールは簡単です」(このゲームのるーるはかんたんです). The term is borrowed from English and is commonly used in Japanese to describe regulations or standards.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2627

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Youth

Reading

Kanji

青Blue 春Spring

Explanation

The Japanese noun '青春 (せいしゅん)' refers to the period of one's life associated with youth, typically the teenage years or early adulthood. It carries a nostalgic and emotional connotation, often evoking memories of vitality, dreams, and the challenges of growing up. This term is frequently used in literature, music, and everyday conversation to describe the fleeting and precious nature of youth. Example sentences: I miss my youth「青春が懐かしい」(せいしゅんがなつかしい). He spent his youth studying「彼は青春を勉強に費やした」(かれはせいしゅんをべんきょうについやした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2630

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Antenna

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'アンテナ (antena)' refers to an 'antenna', a device used to transmit or receive radio waves. In Japanese, it is commonly used in contexts related to technology, communication, and broadcasting. For example: The TV antenna is broken「テレビのアンテナが壊れている」(てれびのアンテナがこわれている). I need to adjust the car antenna「車のアンテナを調整する必要がある」(くるまのアンテナをちょうせいするひつようがある). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe someone's sensitivity or awareness, such as '彼は情報にアンテナを張っている (かれはじょうほうにアンテナをはっている)', meaning 'He has his antenna out for information.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2631

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boss

Reading

Kanji

上Up 司Director

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上司 (じょうし)' refers to a person who holds a higher position in a workplace or organization, such as a boss, supervisor, or manager. It is commonly used in professional settings to address or refer to someone in authority. For example: My boss is strict「私の上司は厳しい」(わたしのじょうしはきびしい). I reported the issue to my supervisor「上司に問題を報告しました」(じょうしにもんだいをほうこくしました). The term emphasizes the hierarchical relationship and is often used with respect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2632

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spring equinox

Reading

Kanji

春Spring 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '春分 (しゅんぶん)' refers to the 'spring equinox', which is the day in spring when the day and night are of equal length. This term is often used in the context of seasons, astronomy, and traditional Japanese holidays. For example: The spring equinox is a national holiday in Japan「春分は日本の祝日です」(しゅんぶんはにほんのしゅくじつです). On the spring equinox, people visit their family graves「春分の日には、人々は先祖の墓参りをします」(しゅんぶんのひには、ひとびとはせんぞのはかまいりをします). The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days「春分は日が長くなる始まりです」(しゅんぶんはひがながくなるはじまりです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2633

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early summer

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First 夏Summer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '初夏 (しょか)' refers to the period of early summer, typically around the months of May and June. This term is often used to describe the transitional season when the weather starts to warm up, but the intense heat of mid-summer has not yet arrived. It is commonly used in literature, poetry, and everyday conversation to evoke the freshness and vitality of this time of year. For example: Early summer is the best time to visit Kyoto「初夏は京都を訪れるのに最適な時期です」(しょかはきょうとをおとずれるのにもってこいのじきです). The early summer breeze feels refreshing「初夏の風が爽やかです」(しょかのかぜがさわやかです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2634

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Opportunity, Trigger

Reading

Kanji

切Cut 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese noun '切っ掛け (きっかけ)' refers to a trigger, catalyst, or opportunity that initiates an action, event, or change. It is often used to describe the starting point or reason behind something. For example: The trip was the trigger for our friendship「旅行が私たちの友情の切っ掛けだった」(りょこうがわたしたちのゆうじょうのきっかけだった). This meeting is a good opportunity to discuss the project「この会議はプロジェクトを話し合う良い切っ掛けだ」(このかいぎはぷろじぇくとをはなしあうよいきっかけだ). The word can also imply a chance or opening to start something new or meaningful.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2636

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Message

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'メッセージ (messeeji)' means 'message'. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in Japanese to refer to a communication, either written or spoken, sent from one person to another. It can be used in various contexts, such as text messages, emails, or even verbal messages. For example: I received a message from my friend「友達からメッセージをもらった」(ともだちからメッセージをもらった). Please leave a message after the beep「ビープ音の後にメッセージを残してください」(ビープおとのあとにメッセージをのこしてください). The word is widely understood and used in both casual and formal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2637

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Equinox, Autumnal

Reading

Kanji

秋Autumn 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese noun '秋分 (しゅうぶん)' refers to the 'autumnal equinox', a specific day in autumn when day and night are of approximately equal length. This term is often used in the context of seasons, astronomy, and traditional Japanese holidays. For example: The autumnal equinox is a national holiday in Japan「秋分は日本の祝日です」(しゅうぶんはにほんのしゅくじつです). On the autumnal equinox, we visit family graves「秋分の日には家族のお墓参りをします」(しゅうぶんのひにはかぞくのおはかまいりをします). The term is also used in phrases like '秋分の日 (しゅうぶんのひ)', which is the official name for the Autumnal Equinox Day holiday in Japan.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2639

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seasons

Reading

Kanji

春Spring 夏Summer 秋Autumn 冬Winter

Explanation

The Japanese noun '春夏秋冬 (しゅんかしゅうとう)' literally translates to 'spring, summer, autumn, winter,' collectively representing the four seasons. This word is often used to symbolize the passage of time or the cyclical nature of the year. It can be used in poetic or formal contexts to evoke imagery of nature and the changing seasons. For example: The beauty of the four seasons is unparalleled「春夏秋冬の美しさは比類ない」(しゅんかしゅうとうのうつくしさはひるいない). I love the rhythm of the seasons「私は春夏秋冬のリズムが好きです」(わたしはしゅんかしゅうとうのリズムがすきです). Note that this word is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to simply saying '季節 (きせつ)' for 'season.'

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2640

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chill

Reading

Kanji

寒Cold 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese noun '寒気 (さむけ)' refers to a feeling of coldness or a chill, often associated with the onset of a fever or illness. It can also describe a shiver or a sensation of cold that runs through the body. For example: I feel a chill「寒気がする」(さむけがする). She has a chill and might be getting sick「彼女は寒気がして、病気になりそうだ」(かのじょはさむけがして、びょうきになりそうだ). This word is commonly used in medical contexts to describe symptoms of colds or flu.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2641

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

High temperature

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive 温Warm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '高温 (こうおん)' means 'high temperature.' It is used to describe the state or condition of something having a high temperature, often referring to weather, chemical reactions, or cooking processes. For example: Today's high temperature is 35 degrees 「今日の高温は35度です」 (きょうのこうおんは35どです). High-temperature cooking preserves nutrients 「高温調理は栄養を保つ」 (こうおんちょうりはえいようをたもつ). This word is commonly used in scientific, meteorological, and culinary contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2644

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work, Creation

Reading

Kanji

作Make

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作 (さく)' refers to a 'work' or 'creation', often used in the context of artistic or literary works. It can denote something created by an individual, such as a book, painting, or piece of music. For example: This is his latest work「これは彼の最新作です」(これはかれのさいしんさくです). The museum exhibits many famous works「その美術館は多くの有名な作品を展示している」(そのびじゅつかんはおおくのゆうめいなさくひんをてんじしている). Note that '作' is often part of compound words, such as '作品 (さくひん)' (work of art) or '作家 (さっか)' (author/creator).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2646

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Resources

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 源Origin, Source

Explanation

The Japanese noun '資源 (しげん)' refers to 'resources', particularly natural or economic resources that are valuable and useful. This term is often used in contexts related to energy, environment, and economics. For example: Japan imports many natural resources「日本は多くの天然資源を輸入する」(にほんはおおくのてんねんしげんをゆにゅうする). We need to protect our resources「私たちは資源を守る必要がある」(わたしたちはしげんをまもるひつようがある). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe human or intellectual resources, such as in 'human resources'「人的資源」(じんてきしげん).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2647

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

North wind

Reading

Kanji

北North 風Wind, Style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '北風 (きたかぜ)' refers to the 'north wind', a wind that blows from the north. This term is often used in weather forecasts, literature, and everyday conversation to describe cold winds, especially during winter. It carries a connotation of chilliness and can evoke imagery of harsh winter conditions. For example: The north wind is cold today「今日の北風は冷たい」(きょうのきたかぜはつめたい). The north wind blew all night「北風が一晩中吹いていた」(きたかぜがいちばんじゅうふいていた). In Japanese culture, the north wind is sometimes associated with seasonal changes and is a common theme in poetry and traditional stories.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2648

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Autumn wind

Reading

Kanji

秋Autumn 風Wind, Style

Explanation

The Japanese noun '秋風 (あきかぜ)' literally translates to 'autumn wind'. It refers to the cool, refreshing wind that blows during the autumn season. This term is often used in poetry and literature to evoke the atmosphere of autumn. For example: The autumn wind feels refreshing「秋風が爽やかだ」(あきかぜがさわやかだ). The autumn wind blows through the trees「秋風が木々を吹き抜ける」(あきかぜがきぎをふきぬける). This word captures the essence of the season and is commonly used to describe the characteristic wind of autumn.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2649

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hallway

Reading

Kanji

廊Corridor, Passageway 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '廊下 (ろうか)' refers to a 'hallway' or 'corridor'. It is used to describe a long, narrow passage inside a building that connects rooms. This word is commonly used in both residential and public buildings. For example: The hallway is long「廊下が長い」(ろうかがながい). Please walk quietly in the hallway「廊下では静かに歩いてください」(ろうかではしずかにあるいてください). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a passage or pathway, but this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2650

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inspection, Screening

Reading

Kanji

審Investigate, Judge 査Investigate

Explanation

The Japanese noun '審査 (しんさ)' refers to the process of examining or evaluating something carefully. It is commonly used in contexts such as quality checks, application reviews, or competition judging. For example: The inspection of the documents is complete「書類の審査が終わりました」(しょるいのしんさがおわりました). The screening process for the job applications is strict「求人の審査は厳しいです」(きゅうじんのしんさはきびしいです). This noun is often used in formal or professional settings to describe a thorough evaluation process.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2651

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Newspaper company

Reading

Kanji

新New 聞Listen 社Company

Explanation

The Japanese noun '新聞社 (しんぶんしゃ)' refers to a 'newspaper company' or 'newspaper publisher'. It is a compound word made up of '新聞 (しんぶん)' meaning 'newspaper' and '社 (しゃ)' meaning 'company' or 'corporation'. This term is used to describe organizations that produce and distribute newspapers. For example: He works for a newspaper company「彼は新聞社に勤めている」(かれはしんぶんしゃにつとめている). The newspaper company published a special edition「新聞社は特別号を発行した」(しんぶんしゃはとくべつごうをはっこうした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2655

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Only

Reading

Kanji

唯Only, Solely 一One

Explanation

The Japanese noun '唯一 (ゆいいつ)' means 'only' or 'sole'. It is used to emphasize that something is unique, singular, or unparalleled in a given context. This word often carries a sense of exclusivity or rarity. For example: This is the only chance「これは唯一のチャンスです」(これはゆいいつのチャンスです). He is the only person who knows the truth「彼は唯一真実を知っている人です」(かれはゆいいつしんじつをしっているひとです). The word can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as 'the only solution'「唯一の解決策」(ゆいいつのかいけつさく). Note that '唯一' is often used in formal or written contexts, and it conveys a strong sense of uniqueness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2658

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Paper, Thesis

Reading

Kanji

論Theory, Argument 文Sentence

Explanation

The Japanese noun '論文 (ろんぶん)' refers to an academic or scholarly paper, often a thesis or dissertation. It is commonly used in academic contexts to describe a written work that presents research or arguments on a specific topic. For example: I wrote a thesis on environmental science「環境科学についての論文を書いた」(かんきょうかがくについてのろんぶんをかいた). This paper is very well-researched「この論文はとてもよく調べられている」(このろんぶんはとてもよくしらべられている). The word can also refer to shorter academic papers or essays, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2659

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Newcomer

Reading

Kanji

新New 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '新人 (しんじん)' means 'newcomer'. It refers to someone who is new to a particular environment, such as a workplace, school, or organization. This term is often used to describe new employees, students, or members who have recently joined a group. For example: The newcomer is very talented「新人はとても才能がある」(しんじんはとてもさいのうがある). We welcomed the newcomers warmly「私たちは新人を温かく迎えた」(わたしたちはしんじんをあたたかくむかえた). The term carries a neutral to positive connotation and is commonly used in professional and social settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2660

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Misuse

Reading

Kanji

悪Evil 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悪用 (あくよう)' means 'misuse'. It refers to the act of using something in a wrong or harmful way, often for personal gain or malicious intent. This word is commonly used in contexts involving the improper use of resources, information, or authority. For example: the misuse of power「権力の悪用」(けんりょくのあくよう). Misusing personal information is a crime「個人情報の悪用は犯罪です」(こじんじょうほうのあくようははんざいです). The term carries a negative connotation and is often associated with unethical behavior.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2663

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rationality

Reading

Kanji

合Fit, Match 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese noun '合理 (ごうり)' refers to 'rationality' or 'logical consistency'. It is often used in contexts where something is based on reason, logic, or efficiency, rather than emotion or tradition. This term is commonly used in discussions about systems, methods, or decisions that are logically sound or efficiently designed. For example: The rationality of the plan was undeniable「その計画の合理は否定できなかった」(そのけいかくのごうりはひていできなかった). The company's approach is based on rationality「その会社のアプローチは合理に基づいている」(そのかいしゃのアプローチはごうりにもとづいている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2664

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recently

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '先日 (せんじつ)' refers to a recent day or time in the past, often translated as 'recently' or 'the other day'. It is used to refer to an event or occurrence that happened a few days ago, but not too far in the past. For example: I met him recently「先日彼に会いました」(せんじつかれにあいました). The other day, I went to the park「先日、公園に行きました」(せんじつ、こうえんにいきました). This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to refer to recent events without specifying an exact date.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2665

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Work

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author 作Make

Explanation

The Japanese noun '著作 (ちょさく)' refers to a 'work' in the sense of a creative or intellectual production, such as a book, article, or other written or artistic creation. It is often used in contexts related to authorship, copyright, or intellectual property. For example: This is the author's latest work「これは著者の最新の著作です」(これはちょしゃのさいしんのちょさくです). The copyright law protects the author's works「著作権法は著者の著作を保護します」(ちょさくけんほうはちょしゃのちょさくをほごします). The term can also be used more broadly to refer to any creative output, but it is most commonly associated with written works.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2666

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wicked woman

Reading

Kanji

悪Evil 女Woman

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悪女 (あくじょ)' refers to a 'wicked woman' or a woman who is morally bad, often characterized by deceit, manipulation, or cruelty. This term is used to describe a woman who behaves in a way that is harmful or unethical. It can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: She is known as a wicked woman「彼女は悪女として知られている」(かのじょはあくじょとしてしられている). The story features a wicked woman who tricks everyone「その物語には皆を騙す悪女が登場する」(そのものがたりにはみんなをだますあくじょがとうじょうする). The term carries a strong negative connotation and is often used in literature, drama, or storytelling to describe a villainous female character.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2667

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheek

Reading

Kanji

頬Jaw, Cheeks

Explanation

The Japanese noun '頬 (ほお)' refers to the 'cheek', the part of the face below the eye and between the nose and ear. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and literature to describe this specific part of the face. For example: Her cheeks turned red「彼女の頬が赤くなった」(かのじょのほおがあかくなった). He gently touched her cheek「彼は優しく彼女の頬に触れた」(かれはやさしくかのじょのほおにふれた). The word can also be used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions, such as '頬を染める (ほおをそめる)', which means 'to blush'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2669

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Journalist

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'ジャーナリスト (jaanarisuto)' means 'journalist'. It refers to a person who collects, writes, or distributes news or other current information as a profession. This word is a loanword from English and is commonly used in Japanese media and professional contexts. For example: He is a famous journalist「彼は有名なジャーナリストです」(かれはゆうめいなジャーナリストです). She works as a journalist「彼女はジャーナリストとして働いています」(かのじょはジャーナリストとしてはたらいています). The term is neutral and can be used to describe journalists in various fields, such as print, broadcast, or digital media.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2671

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Field

Reading

Kanji

畑Field

Explanation

The Japanese noun '畑 (はたけ)' refers to a cultivated field, typically used for growing crops or vegetables. It is distinct from rice fields, which are referred to as '田 (た)'. This word is commonly used in agricultural contexts or when discussing farming. For example: The farmer works in the field「農夫は畑で働く」(のうふははたけではたらく). We grow vegetables in the field「私たちは畑で野菜を育てる」(わたしたちははたけでやさいをそだてる). Note that '畑' can also metaphorically refer to a specialized field of expertise, such as '彼は科学の畑で働いている (かれはかがくのはたけではたらいている)' (He works in the field of science).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2672

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consideration

Reading

Kanji

思Think

Explanation

The Japanese noun '思いやり (おもいやり)' means 'consideration' or 'thoughtfulness'. It refers to the act of being considerate of others' feelings, circumstances, or needs. This word is often used to describe a person's empathetic nature or their ability to care for others. For example: She always shows consideration for others「彼女はいつも他人に思いやりを示す」(かのじょはいつもたにんにおもいやりをしめす). A society built on mutual consideration「思いやりに基づいた社会」(おもいやりにもとづいたしゃかい). The word emphasizes empathy and kindness in interpersonal relationships.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2677

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Whole body

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '全身 (ぜんしん)' means 'whole body'. It refers to the entire body or all parts of the body collectively. This term is often used in medical, fitness, or descriptive contexts. For example: He felt pain all over his body「彼は全身に痛みを感じた」(かれはぜんしんにいたみをかんじた). The athlete trained his whole body「その選手は全身を鍛えた」(そのせんしゅはぜんしんをきたえた). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something affecting the entire body, such as '全身麻酔 (ぜんしんますい)' (general anesthesia).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2678

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Standard

Reading

Kanji

標Signpost, Mark 準Follow, Semi

Explanation

The Japanese noun '標準 (ひょうじゅん)' means 'standard'. It refers to a level of quality, achievement, or norm that is widely accepted or used as a basis for comparison. This word is commonly used in contexts such as education, manufacturing, and technology to describe benchmarks or criteria. For example: This product meets the industry standard「この製品は業界標準を満たしています」(このせいひんはぎょうかいひょうじゅんをみたしています). The standard for this exam is very high「この試験の標準はとても高いです」(このしけんのひょうじゅんはとてもたかいです). It can also be used in phrases like '標準化 (ひょうじゅんか)' (standardization) or '標準的な (ひょうじゅんてきな)' (standard, typical).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2679

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rule, Settlement

Reading

Kanji

決Decide

Explanation

The Japanese noun '決まり (きまり)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'rule', referring to a prescribed guideline or regulation that must be followed. For example: follow the rules「決まりを守る」(きまりをまもる). The second meaning is 'settlement', referring to the resolution or conclusion of a matter. For example: the settlement of the dispute「争いの決まり」(あらそいのきまり). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, and its meaning depends on the situation. When used as 'rule', it often implies something established and expected to be followed, while as 'settlement', it refers to the finalization of an issue or agreement.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2681

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Course

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'コース (こうす)' primarily means 'course'. It can refer to a variety of contexts, such as a course of study, a route or path, or a sequence of events. For example: I am taking a cooking course「料理のコースを取っています」(りょうりのコースをとっています). The marathon course is long「マラソンのコースは長いです」(マラソンのコースはながいです). This word is often used in educational, sports, and event planning contexts. It can also refer to a set menu in a restaurant, as in '今日のコースは何ですか？ (きょうのコースはなんですか？) (What is today's course menu?).'

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2682

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Device

Reading

Kanji

装Dress, Attire 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese noun '装置 (そうち)' refers to a 'device' or 'equipment'. It is commonly used to describe a mechanical or electronic device designed for a specific purpose. This term can be applied to a wide range of devices, from household appliances to industrial machinery. For example: This device is very useful「この装置はとても便利です」(このそうちはとてもべんりです). The factory has many advanced devices「その工場には多くの先進的な装置があります」(そのこうじょうにはおおくのせんしんてきなそうちがあります). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense to refer to systems or setups, such as in theatrical or artistic contexts, where it might describe the arrangement or setup of elements to create a particular effect.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2683

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Housewife

Reading

Kanji

主Master 婦Lady

Explanation

The Japanese noun '主婦 (しゅふ)' refers to a 'housewife', a woman who manages the household and does not typically work outside the home. This term is commonly used in Japan to describe women who are primarily responsible for domestic tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and taking care of children. It is a neutral term but can carry cultural connotations about gender roles. Example sentences: She is a housewife「彼女は主婦です」(かのじょはしゅふです). My mother was a housewife「私の母は主婦でした」(わたしのはははしゅふでした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2685

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Behind

Reading

Kanji

背Back, Height 後After, Behind

Explanation

The Japanese noun '背後 (はいご)' means 'behind' or 'the back'. It is used to refer to the area or position at the back of something or someone. This word can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: There is a park behind the building「建物の背後に公園があります」(たてもののはいごにこうえんがあります). The truth behind the incident is still unclear「事件の背後にある真実はまだ不明です」(じけんのはいごにあるしんじつはまだふめいです). In a figurative sense, it can also imply something hidden or not immediately apparent, such as motives or reasons behind actions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2686

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collapse

Reading

Kanji

崩Collapse, Crumble 壊Demolition, Break down

Explanation

The Japanese noun '崩壊 (ほうかい)' means 'collapse'. This term is used to describe the sudden and complete failure or breakdown of a system, structure, or organization. It can refer to physical collapses, such as buildings or mountains, as well as metaphorical collapses, such as societal systems or relationships. For example: the collapse of the old regime「旧体制の崩壊」(きゅうたいせいのほうかい). The mountain collapsed due to the earthquake「地震で山が崩壊した」(じしんでやまがほうかいした). The term can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the collapse of a theory or idea.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2687

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

News, Notice

Reading

Kanji

知Know

Explanation

The Japanese noun '知らせ (しらせ)' can mean 'notice' or 'news', depending on the context. It refers to information or a message that is conveyed to someone. When used as 'notice', it often implies an official or formal announcement. For example: I received a notice from the school「学校から知らせをもらった」(がっこうからしらせをもらった). When used as 'news', it refers to new information or updates. For example: This is good news「これは良い知らせだ」(これはよいしらせだ). The word is neutral and can be used in both positive and negative contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2689

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Line, Muscle

Reading

Kanji

筋Muscle, Tendon

Explanation

The Japanese noun '筋 (すじ)' has two primary meanings. First, it refers to 'muscle', as in the fibrous tissue in the body that contracts to produce movement. For example: I pulled a muscle「筋を痛めた」(すじをいためた). Second, it can mean 'line', referring to a long, narrow mark or a sequence of reasoning. For example: There's a line on the paper「紙に筋がある」(かみにすじがある). The word is versatile and context-dependent, so its meaning can shift based on usage. Another example: The story follows a clear line of reasoning「その話は筋が通っている」(そのはなしはすじがとおっている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2694

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every year

Reading

Kanji

毎Every 年Year

Explanation

The Japanese noun '毎年 (まいとし)' means 'every year'. It is used to describe something that happens or occurs annually, without fail. This word is often used in contexts where regularity or repetition on a yearly basis is emphasized. For example: I visit my grandparents every year「毎年、祖父母を訪ねます」(まいとし、そふぼをおとずれます). The festival is held every year「その祭りは毎年行われます」(そのまつりはまいとしおこなわれます). Note that '毎年' is a noun and can be used as an adverb in sentences without requiring additional particles.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2696

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surname

Reading

Kanji

氏Family name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '氏 (し)' refers to a person's surname or family name. It is often used in formal or written contexts, such as in official documents, news articles, or academic papers. For example: Mr. Tanaka's opinion「田中氏の意見」(たなかしのいけん). The term can also be used to refer to someone in a respectful manner, particularly when discussing their work or contributions. For instance: Dr. Suzuki's research「鈴木氏の研究」(すずきしのけんきゅう). Note that '氏' is typically used in third-person references and is not used when directly addressing someone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2698

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Name

Reading

Kanji

人Person 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '人名 (じんめい)' refers to a person's name. It is a formal term used in contexts where specifying or referring to someone's name is necessary, such as in legal documents, official records, or formal introductions. Example sentences: Please write your name here「ここに人名を書いてください」(ここにじんめいをかいてください). The name of the author is unknown「著者の人名は不明です」(ちょしゃのじんめいはふめいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2699

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Country name

Reading

Kanji

国Country 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国名 (こくめい)' refers to the name of a country. It is a compound word formed from '国 (くに)' meaning 'country' and '名 (めい)' meaning 'name'. This term is commonly used in contexts where the specific name of a country is being discussed or identified. For example: What is the country name?「国名は何ですか？」(こくめいはなんですか？). The country name is Japan「国名は日本です」(こくめいはにほんです). It is a straightforward term often used in geography, travel, and international discussions.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2700

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light

Reading

Kanji

明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese noun '明かり (あかり)' refers to 'light', typically in the sense of illumination. It can describe natural light, such as sunlight, or artificial light, such as from a lamp. This word is often used in contexts where light is a source of visibility or comfort. For example: the light from the lamp is bright「ランプの明かりが明るい」(ランプのあかりがあかるい). The room was filled with soft light「部屋は柔らかい明かりで満たされていた」(へやはやわらかいあかりでみたされていた). Note that '明かり' is distinct from '光 (ひかり)', which refers more to the physical phenomenon of light or brightness.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2701

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parliament

Reading

Kanji

国Country 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '国会 (こっかい)' refers to the 'parliament' or 'national diet' of Japan. It is the legislative branch of the government, consisting of two houses: the House of Representatives (衆議院, しゅうぎいん) and the House of Councillors (参議院, さんぎいん). The term is used in formal contexts to discuss laws, policies, and government proceedings. For example: The parliament passed a new law「国会は新しい法律を可決した」(こっかいはあたらしいほうりつをかけつした). The prime minister spoke in parliament「首相は国会で演説した」(しゅしょうはこっかいでえんぜつした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2702

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

City

Reading

Kanji

市City, Market 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese noun '市内 (しない)' refers to the area within a city or town, often used to specify something located inside the city limits. It is commonly used in contexts like transportation, events, or services that are confined to the city area. For example: The event is held within the city「イベントは市内で行われます」(イベントはしないでおこなわれます). The hospital is located in the city「病院は市内にあります」(びょういんはしないにあります). This term is particularly useful when distinguishing between locations inside and outside the city.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2705

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Season

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'シーズン (しーずん)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'season'. It is commonly used to refer to a specific period of the year associated with particular activities, events, or weather conditions. For example, ski season「スキーのシーズン」(すきーのしーずん). It can also refer to a series of episodes in a TV show, such as the first season of a drama「ドラマの第1シーズン」(どらまのだい1しーずん). This term is widely used in both casual and formal contexts, and its meaning is generally straightforward, aligning closely with the English concept of a 'season'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Frequency

2706

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Door

Reading

Kanji

扉Door, Front door

Explanation

The Japanese noun '扉 (とびら)' refers to a 'door'. This word is often used to describe a door that is more substantial or significant than a regular door, such as a gate, a portal, or the door to a special place. It can be used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: the door to a new world「新しい世界への扉」(あたらしいせかいへのとびら). The heavy wooden door creaked open「重い木の扉がきしみながら開いた」(おもいきのとびらがきしみながらひらいた). The word '扉' carries a sense of importance or transition, often implying a passage to something new or different.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2708

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Level

Reading

Kanji

水Water 準Follow, Semi

Explanation

The Japanese noun '水準 (すいじゅん)' means 'level'. It is commonly used to refer to a standard, degree, or quality of something, often in a comparative or evaluative context. For example, it can describe the level of skill, economic standards, or academic performance. Example sentences: The water level is high「水準が高い」(すいじゅんがたかい). The standard of living in this country is high「この国の生活水準は高い」(このくにのせいかつすいじゅんはたかい). Note that '水準' is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as in discussions about economics, education, or science.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2709

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boyfriend

Reading

Kanji

彼Third person pronoun, He 氏Family name

Explanation

The Japanese noun '彼氏 (かれし)' means 'boyfriend'. It is a commonly used term to refer to a male romantic partner. This word is casual and is often used in everyday conversation. For example: My boyfriend is kind「私の彼氏は優しい」(わたしのかれしはやさしい). I went to the movies with my boyfriend「彼氏と映画に行った」(かれしとえいがにいった). It is important to note that '彼氏' is specifically used for romantic relationships and not for male friends in general. The term '彼 (かれ)' can also mean 'he' or 'boyfriend', but '彼氏' is more commonly used to clearly indicate a romantic relationship.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2710

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Classroom

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 室Room

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教室 (きょうしつ)' means 'classroom'. It refers to a room in a school or educational institution where lessons are conducted. This word is commonly used in educational contexts and can also refer to a place where specific classes or courses are held. For example: The classroom is quiet「教室は静かです」(きょうしつはしずかです). I study in the classroom「私は教室で勉強します」(わたしはきょうしつでべんきょうします). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a place of learning or instruction, such as in '人生の教室 (じんせいのきょうしつ) (classroom of life)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2711

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Downtown

Reading

Kanji

下Down 町Town

Explanation

The Japanese noun '下町 (したまち)' refers to the traditional downtown or lower-lying areas of a city, often associated with older neighborhoods, working-class communities, and a sense of local culture and history. These areas are typically contrasted with more modern or upscale districts. For example: I live in the downtown area「私は下町に住んでいます」(わたしはしたまちにすんでいます). The downtown has a nostalgic atmosphere「下町は懐かしい雰囲気があります」(したまちはなつかしいふんいきがあります). The term often evokes images of narrow streets, small shops, and a close-knit community.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2712

Composition

kanji

Handwriting