Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Treatment, Allowance

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '手当て (てあて)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'treatment', often referring to medical treatment or first aid. For example: The doctor provided treatment「医者は手当てをした」(いしゃはてあてをした). The second meaning is 'allowance', referring to a monetary benefit or stipend provided by an employer. For example: The company pays a housing allowance「会社は住宅手当てを支払う」(かいしゃはじゅうたくてあてをしはらう). The word is versatile and its meaning depends heavily on context, so it's important to pay attention to how it's used in sentences.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5753

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mark

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'マーク (まーく)' means 'mark'. It is often used to refer to making a mark, labeling, or highlighting something. This term is borrowed from English and is commonly used in contexts like marking answers on a test, marking a location on a map, or even in sports to refer to marking an opponent. For example: Please mark the correct answer「正しい答えをマークしてください」(ただしいこたえをまーくしてください). He marked the location on the map「彼は地図上にその場所をマークした」(かれはちずじょうにそのばしょをまーくした). In sports, marking an opponent is crucial「スポーツでは、相手をマークすることが重要です」(すぽーつでは、あいてをまーくすることがじゅうようです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

5760

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Acquisition, Bribery

Reading

Kanji

買Buy 収Obtain

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '買収 (ばいしゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'acquisition', referring to the act of buying or taking over something, such as a company or property. For example: The company announced the acquisition of a competitor「会社は競合他社の買収を発表した」(かいしゃはきょうごうたしゃのばいしゅうをはっぴょうした). The second meaning is 'bribery', referring to the act of offering money or favors to influence someone's actions or decisions. For example: The politician was accused of bribery「その政治家は買収の疑いで告発された」(そのせいじかはばいしゅうのうたがいでこくはつされた). It's important to note that the context in which '買収' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5778

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Request

Reading

Kanji

要Important, Need 請Request

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '要請 (ようせい)' means 'request' or 'appeal'. It is used to describe a formal or earnest request, often made in a serious or urgent context. This word is commonly used in situations where someone is asking for help, support, or action from another party, such as in business, politics, or emergencies. For example: The government made a request for cooperation「政府は協力を要請した」(せいふはきょうりょくをようせいした). The company requested additional funding「会社は追加資金を要請した」(かいしゃはついかしきんをようせいした). Note that '要請' carries a tone of formality and urgency, distinguishing it from more casual requests like '頼む (たのむ)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5796

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discount

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split 引Pull

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '割り引き (わりびき)' means 'discount'. It refers to a reduction in the usual price of something, often used in shopping contexts. This term is commonly seen in stores, advertisements, and sales promotions. For example: I got a discount on this shirt「このシャツは割り引きしてもらった」(このシャツはわりびきしてもらった). The store is offering a 20% discount today「今日は20%の割り引きをしています」(きょうは20パーセントのわりびきをしています). Note that '割り引き' is often used with percentages or specific amounts to indicate the extent of the discount.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5819

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Part time job

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'バイト (baito)' is a shortened form of 'アルバイト (arubaito)', which comes from the German word 'Arbeit' meaning 'work'. In Japanese, it specifically refers to a part-time job, typically one that is temporary or not the person's main occupation. It is commonly used by students or individuals looking for flexible work schedules. For example: I have a part-time job at a convenience store「コンビニでバイトをしています」(こんびにでばいとをしています). She is looking for a part-time job「彼女はバイトを探しています」(かのじょはばいとをさがしています). The term is widely understood in everyday conversation and is often used casually among friends and peers.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

5820

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Forecast

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 報Report, News

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予報 (よほう)' means 'forecast'. It is commonly used to refer to predictions or estimates about future events, particularly in contexts like weather forecasts or economic forecasts. For example: The weather forecast says it will rain tomorrow「天気予報では明日は雨だと言っています」(てんきよほうではあしたはあめだといっています). The economic forecast is optimistic「経済予報は楽観的です」(けいざいよほうはらっかんてきです). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts and is typically paired with specific types of forecasts, such as '天気予報 (てんきよほう)' for weather forecasts or '地震予報 (じしんよほう)' for earthquake predictions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5884

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prophecy

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予言 (よげん)' means 'prophecy'. It refers to a prediction or foretelling of future events, often believed to be divinely inspired or based on supernatural insight. This term is commonly used in contexts involving religion, mythology, or speculative fiction. For example: The prophecy came true「予言が実現した」(よげんがじつげんした). He made a prophecy about the end of the world「彼は世界の終わりについて予言した」(かれはせかいのおわりについてよげんした). The nuance of '予言' often implies a sense of inevitability or destiny, distinguishing it from more casual predictions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5885

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal 更Renew, Grow late

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '変更 (へんこう)' means 'change' and refers to the act of altering or modifying something. It is commonly used in formal or technical contexts, such as changing plans, schedules, or settings. For example: I made a change to the schedule「スケジュールを変更しました」(すけじゅーるをへんこうしました). Please change the settings「設定を変更してください」(せっていをへんこうしてください). Note that '変更' is often used with the particle 'を' to indicate the object being changed, as in '変更をする (へんこうをする)' (to make a change).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5899

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Staying up late

Reading

Kanji

夜Night 更Renew, Grow late

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '夜更かし (よふかし)' refers to the act of staying up late at night, often past one's usual bedtime. It is commonly used to describe staying awake late into the night, whether for work, study, entertainment, or other activities. For example: I stayed up late last night「昨夜は夜更かしをした」(さくやはよふかしをした). Staying up late is bad for your health「夜更かしは健康に悪い」(よふかしはけんこうにわるい). This term carries a nuance of staying awake longer than usual, often implying a lack of sleep or a deviation from a regular sleep schedule.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5900

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Increase

Reading

Kanji

増Increase 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '増大 (ぞうだい)' means 'increase' or 'growth'. It refers to the act or process of becoming larger in size, quantity, or intensity. This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as discussing economic growth, population increase, or the escalation of problems. For example: The population increase is a serious issue「人口の増大は深刻な問題です」(じんこうのぞうだいしんこくなもんだいです). The risk of infection is increasing「感染のリスクが増大している」(かんせんのリスクがぞうだいしている). Note that '増大' is typically used in written or formal speech, while '増える (ふえる)' is more common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5902

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fluctuation

Reading

Kanji

増Increase 減Decrease

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '増減 (ぞうげん)' refers to the concept of fluctuation, specifically the increase and decrease of something. It is commonly used in contexts where changes in quantity, numbers, or levels are discussed, such as in economics, statistics, or everyday situations. For example: The number of visitors shows a significant fluctuation「訪問者の数は大きな増減を示しています」(ほうもんしゃのかずはおおきなぞうげんをしめしています). The price of vegetables fluctuates daily「野菜の価格は日々増減します」(やさいのかかくはひびぞうげんします). This term is neutral and can describe both positive and negative changes.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5903

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boarding, Alighting

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride 降Descend, Fall

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乗り降り (のりおり)' refers to the act of boarding and alighting from a vehicle, such as a train, bus, or car. It is often used in contexts involving transportation. For example: The station is crowded with people boarding and alighting「駅は乗り降りの人で混雑している」(えきはのりおりのひとでこんざつしている). Please be careful when boarding and alighting「乗り降りの際はご注意ください」(のりおりのさいはごちゅういください). This word is commonly seen in transportation-related announcements and signage.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5904

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Neutrality

Reading

Kanji

中Center 立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '中立 (ちゅうりつ)' means 'neutrality'. It refers to the state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, or competition. This term is often used in political, social, or ethical contexts to describe a position of impartiality. For example: The country maintained neutrality during the war「その国は戦争中に中立を保った」(そのくにはせんそうちゅうにちゅうりつをたもった). The committee took a neutral stance「委員会は中立の立場を取った」(いいんかいはちゅうりつのたちばをとった). It can also be used in everyday situations to describe a balanced or unbiased approach.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5917

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sitting

Reading

Kanji

着Arrive, Wear 席Seat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '着席 (ちゃくせき)' refers to the act of sitting down or taking a seat. It is commonly used in formal or structured settings, such as meetings, classrooms, or ceremonies, to indicate that someone should sit down. For example: Please take your seats「着席してください」(ちゃくせきしてください). The students sat down when the teacher entered「先生が入ると、生徒たちは着席した」(せんせいがはいると、せいとたちはちゃくせきした). This term is often used in announcements or instructions to ensure order and readiness in a group setting.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5935

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Print

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'プリント (ぷりんと)' primarily means 'print'. It is commonly used in contexts related to printing documents, images, or patterns. For example: I will print the document「ドキュメントをプリントします」(どきゅめんとをぷりんとします). This shirt has a nice print「このシャツは素敵なプリントです」(このしゃつはすてきなぷりんとです). Additionally, 'プリント' can refer to printed materials, such as handouts or worksheets, often used in educational settings. For example: The teacher handed out prints「先生がプリントを配りました」(せんせいがぷりんとをくばりました).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

5958

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sale

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 売Sell

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発売 (はつばい)' refers to the act of releasing or putting something on sale, typically a product or item. It is commonly used in contexts such as the release of new products, books, games, or other goods. For example: The new game will go on sale next week「新しいゲームは来週発売されます」(あたらしいゲームはらいしゅうはつばいされます). This book was released last month「この本は先月発売されました」(このほんはせんげつはつばいされました). Note that '発売' often implies the initial release or launch of a product, rather than ongoing sales.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5968

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Issue, Publication

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発行 (はっこう)' primarily means 'issue' or 'publication'. It is used to describe the act of issuing or publishing something, such as documents, books, stamps, or currency. For example: The bank issued new currency「銀行が新しい通貨を発行した」(ぎんこうがあたらしいつうかをはっこうした). The company published a new magazine「会社が新しい雑誌を発行した」(かいしゃがあたらしいざっしをはっこうした). This term is commonly used in formal or official contexts, such as in business, finance, or media.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5977

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Development

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発達 (はったつ)' refers to the process of growth, advancement, or development. It is commonly used to describe the development of physical, mental, or social abilities, as well as the progress of systems, technologies, or societies. For example: The development of technology is remarkable「技術の発達は目覚ましい」(ぎじゅつのはったつはめざましい). Children's language development varies「子供の言語発達は様々です」(こどものげんごはったつはさまざまです). This word is often used in formal or academic contexts to discuss progress or improvement over time.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5978

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Invention

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発明 (はつめい)' means 'invention'. It refers to the act of creating or devising something new, such as a device, method, or process, that has not existed before. This word is often used in contexts related to technology, science, and creativity. For example: Edison's invention of the light bulb changed the world「エジソンの電球の発明は世界を変えた」(えじそんでんきゅうのはつめいはせかいをかえた). This new machine is a great invention「この新しい機械は素晴らしい発明だ」(このあたらしいきかいはすばらしいはつめいだ). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe innovative ideas or solutions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5979

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Power generation

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 電Electricity

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発電 (はつでん)' refers to the generation of electricity or power. It is commonly used in contexts related to energy production, such as in power plants or renewable energy sources. For example: The power plant generates electricity「発電所が発電する」(はつでんしょがはつでんする). Solar panels generate power「太陽光パネルが発電する」(たいようこうパネルがはつでんする). This term is often used in technical or industrial discussions about energy.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5980

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fever

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 熱Heat, Temperature

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発熱 (はつねつ)' refers to the state of having a fever or the act of generating heat. It is commonly used in medical contexts to describe a rise in body temperature due to illness. For example: I have a fever「私は発熱しています」(わたしははつねつしています). The machine generates heat「その機械は発熱する」(そのきかいははつねつする). Note that this word can also be used in technical contexts to describe heat generation in devices or systems.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pronunciation

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 音Sound

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発音 (はつおん)' means 'pronunciation'. It refers to the way in which a word or language is spoken, including the sounds and intonation used. This term is often used in educational contexts, such as language learning, to discuss how to correctly say words. For example: Correct pronunciation is important「正しい発音は大切です」(ただしいはつおんはたいせつです). I practiced the pronunciation of this word「この単語の発音を練習しました」(このたんごのはつおんをれんしゅうしました). It can also be used in broader contexts, such as discussing the pronunciation of a particular dialect or accent.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5994

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Demand, Desire

Reading

Kanji

欲Desire, Longing 求Request, Seek

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '欲求 (よっきゅう)' primarily means 'desire' or 'demand'. It refers to a strong feeling of wanting something or needing something. This word is often used in psychological or formal contexts to describe innate or instinctual desires, such as basic human needs. For example: His desire for success is strong「彼の成功への欲求は強い」(かれのせいこうへのよっきゅうはつよい). The demand for the product increased「その製品への欲求が高まった」(そのせいひんへのよっきゅうがたかまった). Note that while 'desire' is more emotional or personal, 'demand' can imply a more practical or market-driven need.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6001

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Classification

Reading

Kanji

分Minute, Part 類Kind, Type

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '分類 (ぶんるい)' means 'classification'. It refers to the act or process of categorizing or organizing things into groups based on shared characteristics. This term is commonly used in academic, scientific, and everyday contexts. For example: The classification of animals is important in biology「動物の分類は生物学で重要です」(どうぶつのぶんるいはせいぶつがくでじゅうようです). Please classify these documents by date「これらの書類を日付で分類してください」(これらのしょるいをひづけでぶんるいしてください). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '分類学 (ぶんるいがく)' (taxonomy).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6036

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Direct

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair 通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '直通 (ちょくつう)' means 'direct' and is used to describe something that goes straight from one point to another without stopping or changing. It is often used in the context of transportation, communication, or services. For example: This train goes directly to Tokyo「この電車は東京に直通です」(このでんしゃはとうきょうにちょくつうです). The phone line is direct「その電話回線は直通です」(そのでんわかいせんはちょくつうです). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in 'direct communication' or 'direct connection'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6045

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interview

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface 接Contact, Touch

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '面接 (めんせつ)' refers to an 'interview', particularly in the context of job interviews or formal meetings where questions are asked to assess suitability. It is commonly used in professional or academic settings. For example: I have a job interview tomorrow「明日、面接があります」(あした、めんせつがあります). She passed the interview「彼女は面接に合格しました」(かのじょはめんせつにごうかくしました). The term emphasizes the formal and evaluative nature of the interaction, distinguishing it from casual conversations or informal meetings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6053

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Digression, Derailment

Reading

Kanji

脱Remove, Undress 線Line

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '脱線 (だっせん)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'derailment', referring to a train or vehicle going off its tracks. For example: The train derailed「電車が脱線した」(でんしゃがだっせんした). The second meaning is 'digression', referring to a conversation or discussion straying from the main topic. For example: The meeting went off topic「会議が脱線した」(かいぎがだっせんした). It's important to note that the context will determine which meaning is intended, as both are commonly used in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6064

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Puncture

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'パンク (panku)' refers to a puncture, typically of a tire. It is commonly used in the context of vehicles, such as cars or bicycles, when a tire has been damaged and deflated. For example: I had a flat tire on my way to work「通勤中にタイヤがパンクした」(つうきんちゅうにタイヤがパンクした). The bicycle got a puncture「自転車がパンクした」(じてんしゃがパンクした). This term is borrowed from the English word 'puncture' and is widely understood in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

6070

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sympathy

Reading

Kanji

同Same 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '同情 (どうじょう)' means 'sympathy'. It refers to the feeling of understanding and sharing the emotions or suffering of another person. This word is often used in contexts where one expresses compassion or empathy towards someone else's difficult situation. For example: I feel sympathy for her「彼女に同情する」(かのじょにどうじょうする). He showed sympathy for the victims「彼は被害者たちに同情を示した」(かれはひがいしゃたちにどうじょうをしめした). Note that '同情' can also be used in phrases like '同情を引く (どうじょうをひく)', which means 'to evoke sympathy'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6072

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mistaken identity

Reading

Kanji

人Person 違Differ, Different

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '人違い (ひとちがい)' refers to the act of mistaking one person for another. It is commonly used when someone incorrectly identifies or confuses another person, often leading to awkward or humorous situations. For example: I mistook you for someone else「あなたを人違いしました」(あなたをひとちがいしました). He often mistakes people「彼はよく人違いをする」(かれはよくひとちがいをする). This term is particularly useful in social contexts where recognizing individuals is important, such as in crowded places or at events.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6084

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trip

Reading

Kanji

旅Travel

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '旅 (たび)' means 'trip' or 'journey'. It refers to traveling from one place to another, often for leisure, exploration, or personal reasons. This word is commonly used in contexts involving travel, such as vacations, pilgrimages, or long-distance journeys. For example: I went on a trip to Kyoto「京都に旅をした」(きょうとにたびをした). The journey was long「その旅は長かった」(そのたびはながかった). '旅' can also carry a deeper, metaphorical meaning, symbolizing life's journey or personal growth. It is often used in literature and poetry to evoke a sense of adventure or introspection.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6093

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Report

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'レポート (repouto)' means 'report'. It is a loanword from English and is commonly used in academic, professional, or formal contexts to refer to written reports or assignments. For example: I submitted my report「レポートを提出しました」(れぽーとをていしゅつしました). Please write a report about the experiment「実験についてレポートを書いてください」(じっけんについてれぽーとをかいてください). This word is often used in schools and workplaces, and it typically implies a structured and detailed written document.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

6107

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Back

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'バック (ばっく)' is derived from the English word 'back' and is commonly used in contexts related to moving backward or reversing. It is often used in sports, driving, or general movement. For example: The car is backing up「車がバックしている」(くるまがばっくしている). Please back up a little「少しバックしてください」(すこしばっくしてください). Additionally, 'バック' can also refer to support or backing in a metaphorical sense, such as in '彼のバックは強い (かれのばっくはつよい)' (He has strong backing).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

6149

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discomfort

Reading

Kanji

不Not 自Self 由Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '不自由 (ふじゆう)' primarily means 'discomfort' or 'inconvenience'. It refers to a state of being unable to do something freely or comfortably, often due to physical, mental, or situational constraints. This word is commonly used to describe a lack of freedom or difficulty in performing actions. For example: He feels discomfort due to his injury「彼はけがで不自由を感じている」(かれはけがでふじゆうをかんじている). Living without electricity is inconvenient「電気がない生活は不自由だ」(でんきがないせいかつはふじゆうだ). The word can also imply a sense of dependency or limitation, such as in the phrase '不自由な体 (ふじゆうなからだ)', meaning 'a body with disabilities'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6175

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Communication

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 信Trust

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '通信 (つうしん)' primarily means 'communication'. It refers to the exchange of information between individuals, groups, or devices. This term is often used in contexts involving telecommunications, internet communication, or any form of data transmission. For example: The internet enables global communication「インターネットは世界の通信を可能にする」(インターネットはせかいのつうしんをかのうにする). We lost communication with the satellite「衛星との通信が途絶えた」(えいせいとのつうしんがとだえた). It's important to note that '通信' can also imply a continuous or ongoing exchange of information, not just a single instance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6176

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Definition

Reading

Kanji

定Determine 義Righteousness

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '定義 (ていぎ)' means 'definition'. It refers to the precise explanation or description of the meaning, nature, or scope of something. This term is commonly used in academic, technical, and formal contexts to establish clarity or set boundaries. For example: The definition of this term is unclear「この用語の定義は不明確です」(このようごのていぎはふめいかくです). We need to define the scope of the project「プロジェクトの範囲を定義する必要があります」(プロジェクトのはんいをていぎするひつようがあります). Note that '定義' can also function as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '定義する (ていぎする)', meaning 'to define'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6194

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rejection, Rebound

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 発Departure

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反発 (はんぱつ)' has two distinct meanings. The first is 'rejection', which refers to a strong opposition or resistance to something, such as an idea, authority, or proposal. For example: His proposal met with strong rejection「彼の提案は強い反発を受けた」(かれのていあんはつよいはんぱつをうけた). The second meaning is 'rebound', which refers to a physical or metaphorical bounce-back, such as a ball rebounding or a market recovering. For example: The ball rebounded off the wall「ボールは壁に反発した」(ぼーるはかべにはんぱつした). These two meanings are unrelated and context-dependent, so it's important to distinguish between them based on usage.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6213

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Influence, Reflection

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 映Reflect

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反映 (はんえい)' has two distinct meanings. The first is 'reflection', which refers to the literal or figurative representation of something, such as light or ideas. For example: The lake reflects the mountains「湖が山を反映している」(みずうみがやまをはんえいしている). The second meaning is 'influence', where something affects or shapes another thing. For example: The new policy reflects public opinion「新しい政策は世論を反映している」(あたらしいせいさくはよろんをはんえいしている). This word is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as in discussions about art, science, or politics.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6214

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Objection

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反論 (はんろん)' means 'objection' or 'counterargument'. It refers to the act of opposing or disputing a statement, opinion, or argument. This term is often used in formal or intellectual discussions, debates, or legal contexts. For example: he raised an objection to the proposal「彼は提案に反論した」(かれはていあんにはんろんした). Her counterargument was very convincing「彼女の反論はとても説得力があった」(かのじょのはんろんはとてもせっとくりょくがあった). Note that '反論' is typically used as a noun but can also function as a suru-verb (反論する) to mean 'to object' or 'to refute'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6215

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Foul

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 則Rule

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反則 (はんそく)' refers to a violation or foul, particularly in the context of rules, regulations, or sports. It is commonly used to describe actions that break established rules, whether in games, competitions, or formal agreements. For example: That was a foul!「それは反則だ！」(それははんそくだ！). He committed a foul during the match「彼は試合中に反則を犯した」(かれはしあいちゅうにはんそくをおかした). The term can also extend to broader contexts, such as breaking societal or ethical rules, though it is most frequently associated with sports and games.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6217

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dialogue

Reading

Kanji

対Against 話Talk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対話 (たいわ)' means 'dialogue'. It refers to a conversation or exchange of ideas between two or more people, often with the intention of understanding or resolving something. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as in discussions about politics, philosophy, or interpersonal relationships. For example: We need more dialogue between the two countries「両国の間にもっと対話が必要だ」(りょうこくのあいだにもっとたいわがひつようだ). The teacher encouraged dialogue among the students「先生は生徒たちの対話を促した」(せんせいはせいとたちのたいわをうながした). It can also imply a deeper, meaningful conversation rather than casual small talk.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6218

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Response, Correspondence

Reading

Kanji

対Against 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対応 (たいおう)' can mean 'response' or 'correspondence'. It is used to describe the act of responding to something or someone, or the state of corresponding to a certain condition or standard. For example: quick response to customer inquiries「顧客の問い合わせに迅速に対応する」(こきゃくのといあわせにじんそくにたいおうする). This product corresponds to the latest standards「この製品は最新の基準に対応している」(このせいひんはさいしんのきじゅんにたいおうしている). The word is often used in business or technical contexts to describe how systems, services, or people handle situations or match requirements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6219

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reaction

Reading

Kanji

反Anti 応Answer, Respond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '反応 (はんのう)' means 'reaction'. It refers to a response or change that occurs as a result of an action, event, or stimulus. This word is commonly used in both scientific and everyday contexts. For example: The chemical reaction was fast「化学反応は速かった」(かがくはんのうははやかった). Her reaction to the news was surprising「彼女のそのニュースへの反応は驚くものだった」(かのじょのそのニュースへのはんのうはおどろくものだった). It can also describe emotional or social responses, such as public reaction to a policy「政策への世間の反応」(せいさくへのせけんのはんのう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6220

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dialogue

Reading

Kanji

問Question, Problem 答Answer

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '問答 (もんどう)' refers to a dialogue or discussion, typically involving questions and answers. It is often used to describe a formal or philosophical exchange of ideas, but can also be used in everyday contexts. For example: The teacher and student had a dialogue「先生と生徒が問答した」(せんせいとせいとがもんどうした). The politicians engaged in a heated discussion「政治家たちが激しい問答をした」(せいじかたちがはげしいもんどうをした). The word can also imply a back-and-forth exchange, sometimes with a sense of debate or argument.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6221

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Farewell

Reading

Kanji

送Send 別Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '送別 (そうべつ)' refers to the act of seeing someone off or bidding them farewell, often used in the context of someone leaving a workplace, school, or community. It is commonly associated with formal or ceremonial farewells, such as farewell parties or events. For example: We held a farewell party for our colleague「私たちは同僚の送別会を開きました」(わたしたちはどうりょうのそうべつかいをひらきました). The school organized a farewell ceremony for the graduating students「学校は卒業生の送別式を行いました」(がっこうはそつぎょうせいのそうべつしきをおこないました). This term is often used in formal or professional settings and carries a sense of respect and formality.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6234

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Parallel

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '平行 (へいこう)' means 'parallel'. It is used to describe lines, paths, or situations that run alongside each other without ever meeting. It can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or processes that occur simultaneously without influencing each other. For example: these two lines are parallel「この二つの線は平行です」(このふたつのせんはへいこうです). Their opinions are parallel and never meet「彼らの意見は平行で、決して交わらない」(かれらのいけんはへいこうで、けっしてまじわらない).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6271

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Average

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 均Equal, Even

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '平均 (へいきん)' means 'average'. It refers to the mathematical concept of the mean, or the result obtained by adding several quantities together and then dividing by the number of quantities. It can also be used more generally to describe something that is typical or ordinary. For example: the average temperature is 20 degrees「平均気温は20度です」(へいきんきおんはにじゅうどです). His grades are above average「彼の成績は平均以上です」(かれのせいせきはへいきんいじょうです). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '平均寿命 (へいきんじゅみょう)' (average lifespan).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6288

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Illness, Death

Reading

Kanji

病Illness 死Death

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '病死 (びょうし)' refers to death caused by illness or disease. It is a compound of '病 (びょう)' meaning 'illness' and '死 (し)' meaning 'death'. This term is often used in medical or formal contexts to describe a person's passing due to sickness. For example: He died of illness「彼は病死した」(かれはびょうしした). Many people died from the epidemic「多くの人が伝染病で病死した」(おおくのひとがでんせんびょうでびょうしした). Note that '病死' specifically emphasizes the cause of death being an illness, distinguishing it from other causes like accidents or old age.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6300

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guarantee, Warranty

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 証Evidence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '保証 (ほしょう)' primarily means 'guarantee' or 'warranty'. It refers to a formal assurance that certain conditions will be fulfilled, often used in legal, financial, or commercial contexts. For example, when purchasing electronics, you might receive a warranty: This product comes with a one-year warranty「この製品は1年の保証がついています」(このせいひんはいちねんのほしょうがついています). In another context, it can mean a guarantee of quality or reliability: I guarantee the quality of this product「この製品の品質を保証します」(このせいひんのひんしつをほしょうします). Note that '保証' is often used in formal or business settings and implies a binding commitment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6323

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Storage, Preservation

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 存Exist, Suppose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '保存 (ほぞん)' primarily means 'preservation' or 'storage'. It refers to the act of keeping something in its original state or condition, or storing something for future use. This word is commonly used in contexts related to food preservation, data storage, or the conservation of cultural artifacts. For example: data preservation is important「データの保存は大切です」(データのほぞんはたいせつです). This method is used for food storage「この方法は食品の保存に使われます」(このほうほうはしょくひんのほぞんにつかわれます). Note that '保存' can also imply maintaining something over time, such as in '文化の保存 (ぶんかのほぞん) (preservation of culture)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6325

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consent, Agreement

Reading

Kanji

同Same 意Idea

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '同意 (どうい)' primarily means 'consent' or 'agreement'. It refers to the act of giving permission or approval, or being in harmony with someone else's opinion or decision. This term is often used in formal or legal contexts, such as contracts or discussions. For example: I got his consent「彼の同意を得た」(かれのどういをえた). We reached an agreement「私たちは同意に達した」(わたしたちはどういにたっした). Note that '同意' can also imply mutual understanding or shared opinion, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6327

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Approval

Reading

Kanji

認Recognize, Admit 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '認可 (にんか)' refers to the act of officially approving or authorizing something. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as government or organizational settings, where an official body grants permission or recognition. For example: The government granted approval for the new project「政府は新しいプロジェクトを認可した」(せいふはあたらしいプロジェクトをにんかした). The school received official recognition「その学校は認可を受けた」(そのがっこうはにんかをうけた). This term emphasizes the formal and official nature of the approval process.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6344

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flight

Reading

Kanji

飛Fly 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '飛行 (ひこう)' means 'flight'. It refers to the act or process of flying, typically by an aircraft, bird, or other flying object. This term is commonly used in contexts related to aviation, travel, or nature. For example: The flight was smooth「飛行はスムーズでした」(ひこうはスムーズでした). Birds are capable of flight「鳥は飛行ができる」(とりはひこうができる). It can also be used in compound words, such as '飛行機 (ひこうき)' (airplane) or '宇宙飛行 (うちゅうひこう)' (spaceflight).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6375

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Achievement

Reading

Kanji

達Attain, Plural 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '達成 (たっせい)' means 'achievement' or 'attainment'. It refers to the successful completion of a goal, task, or objective. This word is often used in contexts where someone has worked hard to accomplish something significant. For example: The achievement of the goal was celebrated「目標の達成が祝われた」(もくひょうのたっせいがいわわれた). She felt a sense of achievement after finishing the project「彼女はプロジェクトを終えて達成感を感じた」(かのじょはプロジェクトをおえてたっせいかんをかんじた). It is commonly used in both personal and professional settings to describe the fulfillment of ambitions or targets.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6389

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recognition

Reading

Kanji

認Recognize, Admit 識Knowledge, Discernment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '認識 (にんしき)' means 'recognition' or 'awareness'. It refers to the act of recognizing or becoming aware of something, often used in contexts involving understanding, perception, or acknowledgment. For example: recognition of the problem「問題の認識」(もんだいのにんしき). He has no awareness of his mistakes「彼は自分の間違いを認識していない」(かれはじぶんのまちがいをにんしきしていない). This term is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to describe cognitive processes or realizations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6414

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blame, Criticism

Reading

Kanji

非Mistake, Negative 難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '非難 (ひなん)' primarily means 'criticism' or 'blame'. It refers to the act of expressing disapproval or holding someone accountable for their actions. This word is often used in contexts where someone is being criticized for wrongdoing or mistakes. For example: The politician faced severe criticism「その政治家は激しい非難にさらされた」(そのせいじかははげしいひなんにさらされた). She blamed him for the failure「彼女は失敗を彼の非難にした」(かのじょはしっぱいをかれのひなんにした). Note that '非難' can carry a strong connotation, implying a serious accusation or condemnation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6416

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmony

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '調和 (ちょうわ)' means 'harmony'. It refers to a state of balance, agreement, or peaceful coexistence between different elements, such as people, ideas, or nature. It is often used in contexts involving relationships, music, art, or societal balance. For example: the harmony of nature「自然の調和」(しぜんのちょうわ). We need to live in harmony with others「他人と調和して生きる必要がある」(たにんとちょうわしていきるひつようがある). This word can also imply a sense of blending or coordination, as in 'color harmony'「色の調和」(いろのちょうわ).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6424

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adjustment

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 整Organize

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '調整 (ちょうせい)' means 'adjustment'. It refers to the act of making small changes to something in order to achieve the desired result or to make it function correctly. This term is commonly used in various contexts, such as adjusting settings on a device, fine-tuning plans, or balancing different elements. For example: I need to adjust the schedule「スケジュールを調整する必要がある」(スケジュールをちょうせいするひつようがある). Please adjust the volume「音量を調整してください」(おんりょうをちょうせいしてください). The term can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as adjusting one's attitude or approach to a situation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6430

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adjustment

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 節Season, Node

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '調節 (ちょうせつ)' means 'adjustment'. It refers to the act of regulating, controlling, or fine-tuning something to achieve a desired state or condition. This word is commonly used in contexts involving mechanical devices, environmental conditions, or personal habits. For example: I adjusted the temperature「温度を調節した」(おんどをちょうせつした). He adjusted the volume of the music「彼は音楽の音量を調節した」(かれはおんがくのおんりょうをちょうせつした). It can also be used metaphorically, such as adjusting one's schedule or lifestyle.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6444

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Submission

Reading

Kanji

提Present, Submit 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '提出 (ていしゅつ)' means 'submission'. It refers to the act of handing in or presenting something, such as documents, reports, or assignments, to an authority, organization, or person. It is commonly used in academic, professional, and bureaucratic contexts. For example: Please submit the report by tomorrow「レポートを明日までに提出してください」(レポートをあしたまでにていしゅつしてください). He submitted his resignation「彼は辞表を提出した」(かれはじひょうをていしゅつした). The word often implies a formal or required action, and it is frequently paired with verbs like 'する' (to do) or 'ください' (please do).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6445

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Voting

Reading

Kanji

投Throw 票Vote, Ballot

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '投票 (とうひょう)' means 'voting'. It refers to the act of casting a vote, typically in an election or decision-making process. This word is commonly used in contexts related to elections, referendums, or any situation where a formal decision is made through votes. For example: I will participate in the voting「私は投票に参加します」(わたしはとうひょうにさんかします). The voting results were announced「投票結果が発表された」(とうひょうけっかがはっぴょうされた). It is important to note that '投票' is often used in formal or official contexts and is a key term in discussions about democracy and governance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6447

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contact

Reading

Kanji

連Take along 絡Entwine, Interlink

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '連絡 (れんらく)' means 'contact' or 'communication'. It refers to the act of getting in touch with someone or conveying information. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in business settings or daily life. For example: Please contact me「連絡してください」(れんらくしてください). I will contact you later「後で連絡します」(あとでれんらくします). It can also refer to the coordination or connection between people or groups, as in 'We need to stay in contact with the team'「チームと連絡を取り合う必要があります」(チームとれんらくをとりあうひつようがあります).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6460

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuation

Reading

Kanji

連Take along 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '連続 (れんぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'succession'. It refers to a series of events or actions that occur one after another without interruption. This term is often used in contexts where there is a sequence or chain of occurrences, such as in television series, events, or natural phenomena. For example: The TV drama has a continuous broadcast「そのテレビドラマは連続放送です」(そのテレビドラマはれんぞくほうそうです). There was a continuous series of earthquakes「連続して地震が起こりました」(れんぞくしてじしんがおこりました). It can also be used to describe a continuous state or condition, emphasizing the unbroken nature of the sequence.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lasting

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader 続Continue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '長続き (ながつづき)' refers to something that continues or endures for a long time. It is often used to describe relationships, habits, or situations that persist over an extended period. For example: Their relationship lasted a long time「彼らの関係は長続きした」(かれらのかんけいはながつづきした). This diet plan is hard to maintain「このダイエットプランは長続きしにくい」(このダイエットプランはながつづきしにくい). The term emphasizes the idea of continuity and sustainability, often implying a positive connotation when something remains stable or effective over time.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6464

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Considerable, Equivalent

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '相当 (そうとう)' can mean 'equivalent' or 'considerable'. When used to mean 'equivalent', it refers to something that is equal in value, amount, or meaning. For example: This amount is equivalent to one month's salary「この金額は一ヶ月分の給料に相当する」(このきんがくはいっかげつぶんのきゅうりょうにそうとうする). When used to mean 'considerable', it refers to something that is significant or substantial in degree or amount. For example: He has considerable experience in this field「彼はこの分野で相当な経験を持っている」(かれはこのぶんやでそうとうなけいけんをもっている). The word can also be used as a na-adjective, as in '相当な (そうとうな)', to describe something as considerable or substantial.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6465

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dialogue

Reading

Kanji

対Against 談Discuss

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対談 (たいだん)' refers to a formal or structured conversation, typically between two people, often experts or notable figures, discussing a specific topic. It is commonly used in contexts such as interviews, discussions, or public talks. For example: The dialogue between the two authors was insightful「二人の作家の対談は興味深かった」(ふたりのさっかのたいだんはきょうみぶかかった). They held a dialogue about environmental issues「彼らは環境問題について対談した」(かれらはかんきょうもんだいについてたいだんした). The term emphasizes a two-way exchange of ideas rather than a one-sided conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6477

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recording

Reading

Kanji

録Record 画Picture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '録画 (ろくが)' refers to the act of recording video or visual content, typically for television, movies, or other media. It is commonly used in contexts involving recording devices, such as DVRs or cameras. For example: I set the recording for the show「番組の録画を設定した」(ばんぐみのろくがをせっていした). The recording failed due to a power outage「停電で録画が失敗した」(ていでんろくががしっぱいした). This term is often used in technical or everyday contexts related to media consumption and storage.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6478

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appearance

Reading

Kanji

登Ascend 場Place

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登場 (とうじょう)' primarily means 'appearance' or 'entry onto a stage or scene'. It is commonly used to describe someone or something making an appearance in a particular setting, such as in a play, movie, or event. For example: The hero appeared on stage「ヒーローが登場した」(ヒーローがとうじょうした). A new character appeared in the story「新しいキャラクターが物語に登場した」(あたらしいキャラクターがものがたりにとうじょうした). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe the introduction of new ideas, products, or trends into a market or discussion. For instance: A new technology appeared in the market「新しい技術が市場に登場した」(あたらしいぎじゅつがしじょうにとうじょうした).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6480

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Registration

Reading

Kanji

登Ascend 録Record

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登録 (とうろく)' means 'registration'. It refers to the act of officially recording or entering information into a system, list, or database. This term is commonly used in contexts such as signing up for services, registering for events, or enrolling in programs. For example: I completed the registration「登録を完了しました」(とうろくをかんりょうしました). Please register your email address「メールアドレスを登録してください」(メールアドレスをとうろくしてください). The word can also imply formal acknowledgment or certification, as in '登録商標 (とうろくしょうひょう) (registered trademark)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6481

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mountain climbing

Reading

Kanji

登Ascend 山Mountain

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登山 (とざん)' refers to the activity of climbing mountains. It is commonly used to describe the act of hiking or climbing mountains as a recreational or sporting activity. For example: I enjoy mountain climbing「私は登山が好きです」(わたしはとざんがすきです). They went mountain climbing last weekend「彼らは先週末に登山に行きました」(かれらはせんしゅうまつにとざんにいきました). The term can also be used in a broader sense to refer to the act of ascending any steep or elevated terrain, not just mountains.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6483

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

School attendance

Reading

Kanji

登Ascend 校School

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '登校 (とうこう)' refers to the act of attending school or going to school. It is commonly used in contexts related to students' daily routines, school schedules, or discussions about education. For example: He is late for school attendance「彼は登校に遅れている」(かれはとうこうにおくれている). School attendance is mandatory「登校は義務です」(とうこうはぎむです). This term is often used in formal or educational settings and can be part of phrases like '登校日 (とうこうび)' (school attendance day) or '登校時間 (とうこうじかん)' (school attendance time).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6484

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mountain climbing

Reading

Kanji

山Mountain 登Ascend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '山登り (やまのぼり)' refers to the activity of 'mountain climbing'. It is used to describe the act of ascending mountains, often as a recreational or sporting activity. This term can be used in various contexts, such as discussing hobbies, travel plans, or physical activities. For example: I enjoy mountain climbing「私は山登りが好きです」(わたしはやまのぼりがすきです). They went mountain climbing last weekend「彼らは先週末に山登りに行きました」(かれらはせんしゅうまつにやまのぼりにいきました). It is important to note that '山登り' specifically refers to climbing mountains, not just any type of climbing.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6485

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Win

Reading

Kanji

当Hit, Appropriate 選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '当選 (とうせん)' means 'win' or 'be elected'. It is commonly used in contexts such as winning a prize, lottery, or being elected in a competition or election. For example: I won the lottery「宝くじに当選した」(たからくじにとうせんした). He was elected as the president「彼は社長に当選した」(かれはしゃちょうにとうせんした). The term is often used in formal or official contexts and carries a sense of achievement or success.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Selection

Reading

Kanji

入Enter 選Choose

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '入選 (にゅうせん)' refers to the act of being selected or chosen, often in the context of competitions, contests, or exhibitions. It implies that someone or something has been chosen from a larger group to be recognized or awarded. For example: Her painting was selected for the exhibition「彼女の絵が入選した」(かのじょのえがにゅうせんした). He was thrilled to be selected for the competition「彼は入選して大喜びだった」(かれはにゅうせんしておおよろこびだった). This term is commonly used in formal or artistic contexts to denote recognition or achievement.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6502

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Selection, Choice

Reading

Kanji

選Choose 択Choose, Select

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '選択 (せんたく)' refers to the act of selecting or choosing something from a set of options. It is commonly used in contexts where decisions are made, such as selecting items, options, or courses of action. For example: Please make a selection from the menu「メニューから選択してください」(メニューからせんたくしてください). The choice of words is important「言葉の選択は重要です」(ことばのせんたくはじゅうようです). This word is often used in formal or practical situations, such as in menus, surveys, or decision-making processes.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6503

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Charge, Homeroom

Reading

Kanji

担Bear, Carry 任Duty, Responsibility

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '担任 (たんにん)' refers to the role or responsibility of being in charge of a class or group, often used in educational contexts. It can mean 'homeroom teacher' when referring to a person, or 'charge' when referring to the responsibility itself. For example: She is our homeroom teacher「彼女は私たちの担任です」(かのじょはわたしたちのたんにんです). He is in charge of this class「彼はこのクラスの担任です」(かれはこのクラスのたんにんです). The term emphasizes the responsibility of overseeing and guiding a specific group, particularly in schools.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transfer

Reading

Kanji

転Revolve 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '転勤 (てんきん)' refers to a job transfer, typically involving relocation to a different workplace or branch within the same company. It is commonly used in professional contexts to describe an employee being reassigned to a new location. For example: I was transferred to the Osaka branch「大阪支店に転勤しました」(おおさかしてんにてんきんしました). His transfer was sudden「彼の転勤は突然でした」(かれのてんきんはとつぜんでした). This term is often associated with corporate culture in Japan, where employees may be required to move frequently for work.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6530

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recruitment

Reading

Kanji

募Raise, Recruit 集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '募集 (ぼしゅう)' primarily means 'recruitment'. It is commonly used in contexts related to hiring, gathering participants, or collecting applications. For example: The company is recruiting new employees「会社は新しい従業員を募集している」(かいしゃはあたらしいじゅうぎょういんをぼしゅうしている). We are looking for volunteers「ボランティアを募集しています」(ぼらんてぃあをぼしゅうしています). The term can also be used in non-employment contexts, such as collecting ideas or entries for a contest. It is a formal term often seen in job postings, advertisements, or announcements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6551

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retirement

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat 職Employment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退職 (たいしょく)' refers to the act of retiring or resigning from a job or position. It is commonly used in professional or formal contexts to describe the process of leaving employment, often due to reaching retirement age or personal reasons. For example: He is planning his retirement「彼は退職を計画している」(かれはたいしょくをけいかくしている). She submitted her resignation letter「彼女は退職願を提出した」(かのじょはたいしょくねがいをていしゅつした). The term can also be used in phrases like '退職金 (たいしょくきん)', which means 'retirement bonus' or 'severance pay'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6552

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expulsion, Withdrawal

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退学 (たいがく)' refers to the act of leaving or being removed from an educational institution. It can mean either 'expulsion' (when a student is forced to leave due to disciplinary reasons) or 'withdrawal' (when a student voluntarily leaves). For example: He was expelled from school「彼は退学になった」(かれはたいがくになった). She decided to withdraw from university「彼女は大学を退学することにした」(かのじょはだいがくをたいがくすることにした). The context usually clarifies whether the action is voluntary or involuntary.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boredom

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat 屈Crouch, Yield

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退屈 (たいくつ)' means 'boredom'. It describes the state of being bored or feeling uninterested in one's current activity or situation. It can also be used to describe something that is dull or uninteresting. For example: I feel bored「退屈です」(たいくつです). This movie is boring「この映画は退屈だ」(このえいがはたいくつだ). The word can also function as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '退屈する (たいくつする)', meaning 'to feel bored'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6554

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addition

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '追加 (ついか)' means 'addition'. It refers to the act of adding something extra to what already exists. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as adding items to an order, adding information to a document, or adding features to a product. For example: I added more details to the report「レポートに詳細を追加しました」(レポートにしょうさいをついかしました). Can you add this to the list?「これをリストに追加できますか？」(これをリストについかできますか？). The word '追加' is often used in both formal and informal settings, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6565

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contrast

Reading

Kanji

対Against 比Compare, Ratio

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '対比 (たいひ)' means 'contrast'. It refers to the act of comparing two or more things to highlight their differences or similarities. This term is often used in discussions, analyses, or descriptions where differences or comparisons are emphasized. For example: the contrast between light and dark「光と闇の対比」(ひかりとやみのたいひ). The contrast between old and new ideas「古い考えと新しい考えの対比」(ふるいかんがえとあたらしいかんがえのたいひ). It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to draw attention to distinctions or comparisons.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6566

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comparison

Reading

Kanji

比Compare, Ratio 較Compare, Contrast

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '比較 (ひかく)' means 'comparison'. It is used to describe the act of comparing two or more things, often to highlight similarities or differences. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: Let's make a comparison between the two products「二つの製品を比較しましょう」(ふたつのせいひんをひかくしましょう). The comparison of these two methods is interesting「これらの二つの方法の比較は面白い」(これらのふたつのほうほうのひかくはおもしろい). It can also be used in compound words, such as '比較的 (ひかくてき)' meaning 'comparatively' or 'relatively'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6569

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Review, Criticism

Reading

Kanji

批Criticize 評Evaluate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '批評 (ひひょう)' can mean both 'criticism' and 'review'. It refers to the act of evaluating or analyzing something, often in a formal or detailed manner. This word is commonly used in contexts such as literary criticism, art reviews, or critiques of performances. For example: His criticism was harsh「彼の批評は厳しかった」(かれのひひょうはきびしかった). I read a review of the movie「その映画の批評を読んだ」(そのえいがのひひょうをよんだ). Note that while 'criticism' can sometimes carry a negative connotation, '批評' is generally neutral and focuses on analysis rather than judgment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6578

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expectation, Prediction

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 想Concept

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予想 (よそう)' can mean either 'prediction' or 'expectation', depending on the context. It refers to an act of foreseeing or anticipating something that might happen in the future. For example: His prediction was correct「彼の予想は正しかった」(かれのよそうはただしかった). We had high expectations for the event「私たちはそのイベントに高い予想をしていた」(わたしたちはそのイベントにたかいよそうをしていた). It is often used in contexts involving forecasts, such as weather predictions or market trends. The nuance can shift slightly depending on whether the focus is on a calculated guess (prediction) or a hopeful anticipation (expectation).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6580

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conception, Imagination

Reading

Kanji

想Concept 像Image, Statue

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '想像 (そうぞう)' primarily means 'imagination' or 'conception'. It refers to the ability to form mental images or ideas of things not present to the senses or not previously known or experienced. It is often used in contexts discussing creativity, planning, or hypothesizing about future events or scenarios. For example: His imagination is boundless「彼の想像は無限だ」(かれのそうぞうはむげんだ). It's hard to conceive of such a situation「そんな状況を想像するのは難しい」(そんなじょうきょうをそうぞうするのはむずかしい). This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and formal writing, highlighting its versatility in describing both creative and speculative thought processes.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6581

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Security, Guarantee

Reading

Kanji

保Preserve 障Hinder, Hurt

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '保障 (ほしょう)' primarily means 'guarantee' or 'security'. It refers to a promise or assurance that something will be provided or maintained, often in legal, financial, or social contexts. For example: The company provides a guarantee for its products「会社は製品に保障を提供します」(かいしゃはせいひんにほしょうをていきょうします). Social security is important for citizens「社会保障は市民にとって重要です」(しゃかいほしょうはしみんにとってじゅうようです). The word can also imply protection or assurance against risks, such as in insurance policies or contractual agreements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6592

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Injury

Reading

Kanji

負Defeat 傷Wound, Injury

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '負傷 (ふしょう)' refers to an injury, typically physical, that someone sustains. It is often used in formal or medical contexts to describe wounds or harm to the body. For example: he suffered a serious injury「彼は重い負傷を負った」(かれはおもいふしょうをおった). The accident caused many injuries「その事故で多くの負傷者が出た」(そのじこでおおくのふしょうしゃがでた). Note that '負傷' is more formal than casual terms like 'けが (kega)' and is commonly used in news reports or official statements.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6594

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Conversion, Transformation

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal 換Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '変換 (へんかん)' primarily means 'conversion' or 'transformation'. It is used to describe the process of changing something from one form, state, or system to another. This term is commonly used in various contexts, such as technology, language, and everyday life. For example: converting a file format「ファイルを変換する」(ファイルをへんかんする). Transforming energy into electricity「エネルギーを電気に変換する」(エネルギーをでんきにへんかんする). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as transforming one's mindset「考え方を変換する」(かんがえかたをへんかんする). Note that while 'conversion' and 'transformation' are closely related, they are distinct enough to warrant separate meanings in this context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6595

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Destruction

Reading

Kanji

破Break, Tear 壊Demolition, Break down

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '破壊 (はかい)' means 'destruction'. It refers to the act of destroying or causing severe damage to something, whether physical objects, structures, or abstract concepts like relationships or systems. It is often used in contexts involving force, violence, or significant change. For example: The earthquake caused massive destruction「地震が大規模な破壊を引き起こした」(じしんがだいきぼなはかいをひきおこした). The company's reputation was destroyed「会社の評判は破壊された」(かいしゃのひょうばんははかいされた). Note that '破壊' can also be used metaphorically, such as in '破壊的なアイデア (はかいてきなアイデア)' (destructive idea), where it implies challenging or dismantling existing norms.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6608

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dispatch, Temporary

Reading

Kanji

派Sect, Faction 遣Use, Dispatch

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '派遣 (はけん)' primarily means 'dispatch' or 'temporary'. It is commonly used in the context of employment, referring to the practice of sending workers to different companies on a temporary basis. For example: The company dispatched temporary staff「会社は派遣社員を送り出した」(かいしゃははけんしゃいんをおくりだした). She works as a temporary employee「彼女は派遣社員として働いている」(かのじょははけんしゃいんとしてはたらいている). The term can also be used more broadly to refer to the act of sending someone or something to a particular place or for a particular purpose, such as dispatching a team for a mission「チームを派遣する」(チームをはけんする).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6620

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Challenge

Reading

Kanji

挑Challenge 戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '挑戦 (ちょうせん)' means 'challenge'. It refers to the act of taking on a difficult task, problem, or opponent, often with the intention of overcoming it. This word is commonly used in contexts such as sports, personal goals, or professional endeavors. For example: He accepted the challenge「彼は挑戦を受け入れた」(かれはちょうせんをうけいれた). I want to challenge myself「自分自身に挑戦したい」(じぶんじしんにちょうせんしたい). The nuance of '挑戦' often implies courage and determination to face something difficult or new.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6635

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defeat

Reading

Kanji

敗Defeat 戦Fight, War

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '敗戦 (はいせん)' means 'defeat' or 'losing a war'. It is commonly used to refer to a military defeat, particularly in the context of wars or battles. However, it can also be used metaphorically to describe a significant loss in other areas, such as sports or competitions. For example: Japan experienced defeat in World War II「日本は第二次世界大戦で敗戦を経験した」(にほんはだいにじせかいたいせんではいせんをけいけんした). The team suffered a crushing defeat「チームは惨敗を喫した」(チームはざんぱいをきっした). Note that '敗戦' carries a formal tone and is often used in historical or serious contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6636

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Integration

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '統合 (とうごう)' means 'integration'. It refers to the process of combining or unifying separate elements into a single, cohesive whole. This term is often used in contexts such as organizational mergers, system integrations, or the unification of ideas. For example: The integration of the two companies was successful「二つの会社の統合は成功した」(ふたつのかいしゃのとうごうはせいこうした). The system integration improved efficiency「システムの統合で効率が向上した」(システムのとうごうでこうりつがこうじょうした). Note that '統合' is commonly used in both technical and non-technical contexts to describe the merging of systems, organizations, or concepts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6651

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unification

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 一One

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '統一 (とういつ)' means 'unification'. It refers to the act of combining or integrating separate elements into a single, cohesive whole. This term is often used in contexts such as politics, organizations, or systems where disparate parts are brought together under a common framework or authority. For example: The unification of the two companies was successful「二つの会社の統一は成功した」(ふたつのかいしゃのとういつはせいこうした). The country aims for national unification「その国は国家統一を目指している」(そのくにはこっかとういつをめざしている). It can also be used in abstract contexts, such as unifying ideas or theories.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6652

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Statistics

Reading

Kanji

統Unite 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '統計 (とうけい)' refers to 'statistics'. It is used to describe the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. This term is commonly used in academic, scientific, and business contexts. For example: The statistics show an increase in population「統計は人口の増加を示している」(とうけいはじんこうのぞうかをしめしている). We need to analyze the statistics「統計を分析する必要がある」(とうけいをぶんせきするひつようがある). The word can also be used in compound terms like '統計学 (とうけいがく)' which means 'statistics (as a field of study)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6653

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Integration

Reading

Kanji

総General, Total 合Fit, Match

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '総合 (そうごう)' means 'integration' or 'comprehensive synthesis'. It refers to the act of combining or unifying various elements into a coherent whole. This term is often used in contexts such as education, business, and research, where multiple aspects or disciplines are brought together. For example: The university offers a comprehensive program「大学は総合的なプログラムを提供しています」(だいがくはそうごうてきなプログラムをていきょうしています). The company aims for the integration of technology and design「会社は技術とデザインの総合を目指しています」(かいしゃはぎじゅつとデザインのそうごうをめざしています).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6654

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Investigation

Reading

Kanji

捜Search 査Investigate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '捜査 (そうさ)' refers to the act of investigating, particularly in a legal or criminal context. It is commonly used to describe police investigations or official inquiries into crimes or incidents. For example: The police are conducting an investigation「警察が捜査をしている」(けいさつがそうさをしている). The investigation into the case is ongoing「その事件の捜査は続いている」(そのじけんのそうさはつづいている). This term is often used in formal or official settings, and it emphasizes the systematic and thorough nature of the investigation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6656

Composition

kanji

Handwriting