Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Sometimes

Reading

Kanji

時Time, Hour

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '時々 (ときどき)' means 'sometimes'. It is used to indicate that an action or event occurs occasionally, but not regularly or frequently. This adverb can be placed at the beginning or middle of a sentence, depending on the emphasis. For example: I sometimes go to the park「時々公園に行きます」(ときどきこうえんにいきます). She sometimes reads books「彼女は時々本を読みます」(かのじょはときどきほんをよみます). It is a versatile word that can be used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

58

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

So, Like that

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'そう (そう)' can mean 'so' or 'like that'. It is often used to indicate agreement, confirmation, or to describe something in a particular way. For example: Is that so?「そうですか？」(そうですか？). It looks like that「そう見える」(そうみえる). This adverb is versatile and can be used in various contexts to express similarity, manner, or degree. It's important to note that 'そう' can also be used in combination with other words to form phrases like 'そうだ (そうだ)' meaning 'that's right' or 'そういう (そういう)' meaning 'that kind of'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

72

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Now

Reading

Kanji

今Now

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '今 (いま)' means 'now'. It is used to indicate the present moment or current time. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to refer to the immediate present. For example: I am busy now「今忙しいです」(いまいそがしいです). What are you doing now?「今何をしていますか？」(いまなにをしていますか？). It can also be used in combination with other time expressions to specify a particular time frame, such as 'right now' or 'at this moment'. For example: I am studying right now「今勉強しています」(いまべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

77

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

How

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'どう' means 'how'. It is commonly used to ask about the manner, condition, or state of something. It can also be used to inquire about someone's opinion or feelings. For example: How is it?「どう？」(どう？). How do you do this?「これをどうやるの？」(これをどうやるの？). How are you feeling?「気分はどう？」(きぶんはどう？). The word 'どう' is versatile and can be used in various contexts to ask about methods, conditions, or opinions.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

82

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Already, More

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'もう (もう)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'already', indicating that something has occurred or been completed by a certain time. For example: I have already eaten「もう食べました」(もうたべました). The second meaning is 'more', often used to express an additional amount or degree. For example: I want more「もう欲しい」(もうほしい). The context in which 'もう' is used can significantly alter its meaning, so it's important to pay attention to the surrounding words and the overall situation. Additionally, 'もう' can be used to express impatience or urgency, as in 'もういいですか？' (もういいですか？) meaning 'Is it ready yet?' or 'Can we start now?'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

124

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

After

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '後 (あと)' means 'after'. It is commonly used to indicate a sequence of events or time, such as something happening after another event. It can also imply 'later' or 'remaining'. For example: I'll eat after studying「勉強した後で食べます」(べんきょうしたあとでたべます). There are three left「後三つあります」(あとみっつあります). The word can also be used in phrases like '後で (あとで)' to mean 'later' or 'afterwards'. It is important to note that '後' can also function as a noun meaning 'later' or 'behind', but as an adverb, it primarily conveys the idea of 'after' in terms of time or sequence.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

131

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Like this

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'こう (こう)' means 'like this' or 'in this way'. It is used to indicate a manner, method, or state that is being demonstrated or referred to. It is often used in conjunction with gestures or explanations to clarify how something is done or how something is. For example: Do it like this「こうやって」(こうやって). I feel like this「こう感じる」(こうかんじる). The adverb 'こう' is versatile and can be used in various contexts to describe actions, feelings, or states in a demonstrative manner.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

144

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Well, Often

Reading

Kanji

良Good

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '良く (よく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'often', indicating frequency. For example: I often go to the park「私はよく公園に行きます」(わたしはよくこうえんにいきます). The second meaning is 'well', indicating quality or manner. For example: She sings well「彼女はよく歌います」(かのじょはよくうたいます). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended. When used to mean 'well', it often describes how something is done or the state of something. When used to mean 'often', it typically precedes a verb to indicate regularity.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

158

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nearby

Reading

Kanji

近Near

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '近く (ちかく)' means 'nearby' or 'close by'. It is used to indicate proximity in terms of physical distance. This word can be used to describe the location of places, objects, or people relative to something else. For example: The station is nearby「駅は近くです」(えきはちかくです). There is a convenience store nearby「近くにコンビニがあります」(ちかくにコンビニがあります). It can also be used to indicate that something is close in time, such as '近くに夏休みが来ます (ちかくになつやすみがきます) (Summer vacation is coming soon)'. Note that '近く' can also function as a noun meaning 'vicinity' or 'neighborhood', but as an adverb, it primarily conveys the idea of being nearby.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

167

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

All

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '全部 (ぜんぶ)' means 'all' or 'entirely'. It is used to refer to the whole quantity or extent of something, leaving nothing out. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be applied to objects, actions, or abstract concepts. For example: I ate all the cake「ケーキを全部食べた」(ケーキをぜんぶたべた). All the students came「学生は全部来た」(がくせいはぜんぶきた). It can also be used in negative sentences, such as: I didn't understand all of it「全部は分からなかった」(ぜんぶはわからなかった). Note that '全部' is often used with verbs to emphasize completeness.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

175

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still

Reading

Kanji

未Not yet

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '未だ (まだ)' primarily means 'still' and is used to indicate that a situation or condition continues unchanged. It often implies that something expected has not yet happened or that a previous state persists. For example: I am still waiting「まだ待っています」(まだまっています). He still hasn't arrived「彼はまだ到着していない」(かれはまだとうちゃくしていない). Additionally, 'まだ' can be used to express that something is 'not yet' the case, often with a sense of anticipation or incompleteness. For example: The movie hasn't started yet「映画はまだ始まっていない」(えいがはまだはじまっていない). It's important to note that 'まだ' is often used in negative sentences to emphasize that something has not occurred or been completed.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

191

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Always

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'いつも (itsumo)' means 'always'. It is used to indicate that something happens all the time, without exception, or that something is in a constant state. This word can be used in various contexts, such as daily routines, habits, or general truths. For example: I always eat breakfast「私はいつも朝ごはんを食べる」(わたしはいつもあさごはんをたべる). He is always kind「彼はいつも親切だ」(かれはいつもしんせつだ). Note that 'いつも' can also imply a sense of continuity or consistency, and it is often used to express something that is habitual or expected.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

201

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

A little

Reading

Kanji

少Few

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '少し (すこし)' means 'a little' or 'a bit'. It is used to indicate a small quantity, degree, or extent of something. This word is versatile and can be applied to various contexts, such as time, amount, or degree. For example: I have a little time「少し時間があります」(すこしじかんがあります). Please wait a little longer「もう少し待ってください」(もうすこしまってください). It can also be used to soften requests or statements, making them sound more polite. Note that '少し' is often used in everyday conversation and is considered neutral in tone.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

204

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not much

Reading

Kanji

余Excess

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '余り (あまり)' is used to indicate that something is 'not much' or 'not very' in terms of degree or frequency. It is often used in negative sentences to express that something does not happen often or to a great extent. For example: I don't eat sushi much「私は寿司をあまり食べません」(わたしはすしをあまりたべません). He is not very tall「彼はあまり背が高くない」(かれはあまりせがたかくない). It can also be used in positive sentences to mean 'too much' or 'excessively', but this usage is less common and typically requires additional context to clarify the meaning.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

217

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Immediately

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '直ぐ (すぐ)' means 'immediately' or 'right away'. It is used to indicate that something happens without delay or very soon after a certain point in time. This word can also imply physical proximity, meaning 'nearby' or 'close by', depending on the context. For example: I will come immediately「すぐ行きます」(すぐいきます). The station is nearby「駅はすぐそこです」(えきはすぐそこです). It's important to note that 'すぐ' can be used in both temporal and spatial contexts, making it a versatile adverb in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

239

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Really

Reading

Kanji

本Book, Origin 当Hit, Appropriate

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '本当に (ほんとうに)' means 'really'. It is used to emphasize the truth or sincerity of a statement, often expressing surprise, confirmation, or strong emotion. It can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: I really like this「これは本当に好きです」(これはほんとうにすきです). Is it really true?「それは本当に本当ですか？」(それはほんとうにほんとうですか？). It can also be used to express gratitude or apology sincerely, as in '本当にありがとう (ほんとうにありがとう) (Thank you very much)' or '本当にごめんなさい (ほんとうにごめんなさい) (I'm really sorry)'. The nuance is often one of genuine feeling or authenticity.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

241

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Only

Reading

Kanji

唯Only, Solely

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '唯 (ただ)' means 'only' or 'merely'. It is used to emphasize that something is limited to a specific condition, state, or action, often implying simplicity or lack of complexity. For example: I only want to help「ただ助けたいだけです」(ただたすけたいだけです). It's just a rumor「ただの噂です」(ただのうわさです). This word can also carry a nuance of humility or modesty, as in 'I am just a student'「私はただの学生です」(わたしはただのがくせいです). Note that '唯' is often used in formal or literary contexts, while 'だけ' is more common in casual speech.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

243

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still, As expected

Reading

Kanji

矢Arrow 張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '矢張り (やはり)' can mean 'still' or 'as expected'. It is often used to express that something remains unchanged or that a situation has turned out as one anticipated. This word can convey a sense of inevitability or confirmation of one's expectations. For example: I thought it would rain, and sure enough, it did「雨が降ると思ったら、やはり降った」(あめがふるとおもったら、やはりふった). Even after all these years, he is still the same「何年たっても、彼はやはり変わらない」(なんねんたっても、かれはやはりかわらない). '矢張り' is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to emphasize that something is consistent with what was previously thought or known.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

256

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Why

Reading

Kanji

何What 故Reason, Deceased

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '何故 (なぜ)' means 'why'. It is used to ask for the reason or cause of something. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: Why did you come?「何故来たの？」(なぜきたの？). Why is it so expensive?「何故そんなに高いの？」(なぜそんなにたかいの？). The word '何故' can also be written as 'なぜ' in hiragana, and it is often used interchangeably with other words that mean 'why', such as 'どうして' and 'なんで', though '何故' can sometimes carry a slightly more formal or literary tone.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

264

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

First

Reading

Kanji

先Before, Previous

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '先ず (まず)' means 'first' or 'to begin with'. It is commonly used to indicate the first step in a sequence of actions or to introduce the primary point in a discussion. This word is often used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: First, let's clean the room「まず、部屋を掃除しましょう」(まず、へやをそうじしましょう). First of all, I want to thank everyone「まず、皆さんに感謝したいです」(まず、みなさんにかんしゃしたいです). It can also imply a sense of priority or importance, as in 'First, we need to address this issue'「まず、この問題に対処する必要があります」(まず、このもんだいにたいしょするひつようがあります).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

267

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

For example

Reading

Kanji

例Example

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '例えば (たとえば)' means 'for example'. It is used to introduce an example or a specific instance that illustrates a broader point. This word is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese to provide clarity or support an argument. For example: There are many fruits, for example, apples and oranges「果物はたくさんあります、例えば、りんごとオレンジ」(くだものはたくさんあります、たとえば、りんごとオレンジ). You can use this word to introduce examples in various contexts, such as explaining a concept, listing items, or making comparisons. It is a versatile and frequently used adverb in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

272

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Why

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'どうして (どうして)' is commonly used to ask 'why' or to express surprise or confusion about something. It is a versatile word that can be used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: Why are you late?「どうして遅れたの？」(どうしておくれたの？). Why did you do that?「どうしてそんなことをしたの？」(どうしてそんなことをしたの？). It can also be used to express a sense of wonder or disbelief, as in 'Why is the sky blue?「どうして空は青いの？」(どうしてそらはあおいの？)'. The word 'どうして' is often used in conjunction with other question words, such as 'どうやって (how)' or 'どこで (where)', to form more complex questions.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

278

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

In short

Reading

Kanji

詰Stuff, Packed

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '詰まり (つまり)' is used to summarize or conclude a point, often translating to 'in short', 'in other words', or 'that is to say'. It is commonly used to rephrase or clarify a previous statement, making it easier to understand. For example: In short, he is busy「つまり、彼は忙しい」(つまり、かれはいそがしい). That is to say, we need to hurry「つまり、急ぐ必要がある」(つまり、いそぐひつようがある). It can also be used to indicate the essence or main point of something, as in 'The point is, we need to save money'「つまり、お金を節約する必要がある」(つまり、おかねをせつやくするひつようがある).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

280

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Completely

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '全く (まったく)' means 'completely' or 'entirely'. It is often used to emphasize the degree or extent of something, either positively or negatively. For example: I completely forgot「全く忘れていた」(まったくわすれていた). It can also be used to express agreement or confirmation, similar to 'exactly' or 'absolutely'. For example: That's exactly right!「全くその通り！」(まったくそのとおり！). In negative contexts, it can mean 'not at all', as in: I don't understand at all「全く分からない」(まったくわからない). This adverb is versatile and commonly used in both casual and formal speech.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

289

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

A bit

Reading

Kanji

一One 寸Measurement

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一寸 (ちょっと)' means 'a bit' or 'a little'. It is commonly used to indicate a small amount, degree, or extent of something. It can also be used to soften requests or statements, making them sound more polite or less direct. For example: Can you wait a bit?「ちょっと待ってくれますか？」(ちょっとまってくれますか？). I'm a bit busy「ちょっと忙しいです」(ちょっといそがしいです). Additionally, 'ちょっと' can be used to express hesitation or difficulty in answering a question, as in 'ちょっと難しいです (ちょっとむずかしいです) (It's a bit difficult).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

300

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

If

Reading

Kanji

若Young

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '若し (もし)' means 'if' and is used to introduce a hypothetical or conditional situation. It is often paired with conditional forms of verbs or expressions to indicate a possibility or assumption. For example: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home「もし明日雨が降ったら、家にいます」(もしあしたあめがふったら、いえにいます). If you need help, please tell me「もし助けが必要なら、教えてください」(もしたすけがひつようなら、おしえてください). This word is commonly used in polite or formal contexts and is essential for constructing conditional sentences in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

323

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Especially

Reading

Kanji

特Special

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '特に (とくに)' means 'especially' or 'particularly'. It is used to emphasize a specific point or to single out something from a group. This adverb is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to highlight importance or distinction. For example: I especially like this dish「特にこの料理が好きです」(とくにこのりょうりがすきです). There's nothing particularly wrong「特に悪いところはない」(とくにわるいところはない). It can also be used to indicate that something is not the case, as in '特に問題はない (とくにもんだいはない) (There is no particular problem).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

332

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Together

Reading

Kanji

一One 緒Beginning, Together

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一緒に (いっしょに)' means 'together'. It is used to indicate that two or more people or things are doing something in unison or in the same place. This adverb is commonly used in invitations or when suggesting joint activities. For example: Let's go together「一緒に行きましょう」(いっしょにいきましょう). We ate together「一緒に食べました」(いっしょにたべました). It can also be used to express that something is done simultaneously or in combination, as in 'I will study together with my friend'「友達と一緒に勉強します」(ともだちといっしょにべんきょうします).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

342

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Of course

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'もちろん (もちろん)' means 'of course' or 'naturally'. It is used to express something that is obvious, expected, or goes without saying. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to affirm a statement or answer a question. For example: Of course, I will help you「もちろん、手伝いますよ」(もちろん、てつだいますよ). Of course, it's true「もちろん、本当です」(もちろん、ほんとうです). The word 'もちろん' is often used at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize agreement or certainty.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

346

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Already

Reading

Kanji

既Already, Previously

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '既に (すでに)' means 'already'. It is used to indicate that something has happened or been completed before the present moment or a specified time. This adverb often conveys a sense of something being settled or irreversible. For example: He has already left「彼は既に出発した」(かれはすでにしゅっぱつした). The train has already departed「電車は既に出発した」(でんしゃはすでにしゅっぱつした). It can also imply that something is too late or has passed the point of no return, as in 'It's already too late to change plans「既に計画を変えるには遅すぎる」(すでにけいかくをかえるにはおそすぎる)'. Note that '既に' is often used in formal or written contexts, while 'もう' is more common in casual speech.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

347

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Most

Reading

Kanji

一One 番Turn

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一番 (いちばん)' means 'most' or 'number one'. It is used to indicate the highest degree of something, often in comparisons. For example: This is the most delicious「これが一番美味しい」(これがいちばんおいしい). She is the fastest「彼女が一番速い」(かのじょがいちばんはやい). It can also be used to indicate the first in a sequence, such as in '一番目 (いちばんめ) (first in order)'. The word is versatile and can be used in various contexts to emphasize superiority or priority.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

350

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

First

Reading

Kanji

初Beginning, First

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '初めて (はじめて)' means 'for the first time'. It is used to indicate that something is happening or being experienced for the very first time. This word is often used to express a sense of novelty or newness. For example: I went to Japan for the first time「初めて日本に行きました」(はじめてにほんにいきました). This is the first time I've eaten sushi「初めて寿司を食べました」(はじめてすしをたべました). It can also be used to describe the first occurrence of an event or action. Note that '初めて' is often used with verbs in the past tense to indicate that the action was done for the first time.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

392

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Than, From

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'より (yori)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'than', used in comparisons to indicate that one thing exceeds another in some quality. For example: This book is more interesting than that one「この本はあの本より面白い」(このほんはあのほんよりおもしろい). The second meaning is 'from', indicating a starting point in time or space. For example: I will work from tomorrow「明日より働きます」(あしたよりはたらきます). It's important to note that 'より' is often used in formal or written contexts, and in casual speech, alternatives like 'から' might be used for the 'from' meaning.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

397

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quite

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '可成 (かなり)' means 'quite' or 'fairly'. It is used to indicate a significant degree or extent of something, often implying that the degree is more than expected but not extreme. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: It's quite cold today「今日は可成寒い」(きょうはかなりさむい). She is quite skilled「彼女は可成上手だ」(かのじょはかなりじょうずだ). Note that '可成' is often written in hiragana as 'かなり' in modern usage, and it can modify adjectives, verbs, or nouns to express a moderate but noticeable level.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

407

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Until now

Reading

Kanji

今Now

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '今まで (いままで)' means 'until now' or 'so far'. It is used to refer to the period of time leading up to the present moment. This adverb is often used to describe situations, actions, or states that have persisted or occurred up to the current time. For example: I had never been there until now「今までそこに行ったことがなかった」(いままでそこにいったことがなかった). So far, everything has been fine「今まで、すべて順調だった」(いままで、すべてじゅんちょうだった).It can also be used to express a change in a state or situation, as in the example: Until now, I had never thought about it「今まで、それを考えたことがなかった」(いままで、それをかんがえたことがなかった).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

421

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mostly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ほとんど (ほとんど)' means 'mostly' or 'almost all'. It is used to indicate that something applies to the majority or nearly all of a group or situation. It can also imply that something is close to being complete or fully realized. For example: I mostly understand Japanese「ほとんど日本語がわかります」(ほとんどにほんごがわかります). Almost all the students passed the exam「ほとんど学生が試験に合格しました」(ほとんどがくせいがしけんにごうかくしました). Note that 'ほとんど' can also be used in negative sentences to mean 'hardly' or 'scarcely', as in 'I hardly slept last night「ほとんど寝ませんでした」(ほとんどねませんでした)'. This nuance is important as it changes the meaning significantly depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

432

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not at all

Reading

Kanji

少Few

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '少しも (すこしも)' is used to emphasize the complete absence or negation of something, often translated as 'not at all' or 'not even a little'. It is typically used in negative sentences to stress that there is no degree or amount of something. For example: I don't understand at all「少しも分からない」(すこしもわからない). He didn't eat even a little「彼は少しも食べなかった」(かれはすこしもたべなかった). This adverb is often paired with negative verbs or adjectives to reinforce the negation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

440

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Most

Reading

Kanji

最Most

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '最も (もっとも)' means 'most' and is used to indicate the highest degree or extreme level of something. It is often used in comparisons or to emphasize a superlative quality. For example: This is the most important thing「これが最も重要なことです」(これがもっともじゅうようなことです). He is the most talented person in the group「彼はグループの中で最も才能のある人です」(かれはグループのなかでもっともさいのうのあるひとです). The adverb can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as '最も良い方法 (もっともよいほうほう) (the best method)'. Note that '最も' is formal and is often used in written or formal spoken Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

441

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slightly

Reading

Kanji

少Few

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '少々 (しょうしょう)' means 'slightly' or 'a little'. It is often used to indicate a small degree or amount of something. This word is commonly used in polite or formal contexts, such as in restaurants or shops, to make requests or describe quantities. For example: Please wait a moment「少々お待ちください」(しょうしょうおまちください). Add a little salt「少々塩を加えてください」(しょうしょうしおをくわえてください). It can also be used to downplay a situation or request, making it sound less demanding or significant.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

442

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many

Reading

Kanji

多Many

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '多く (おおく)' means 'many' or 'much'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or number of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts and can modify nouns, verbs, or entire sentences. For example: Many people came to the event「多くの人がイベントに来た」(おおくのひとがイベントにきた). He has much experience「彼は多くの経験を持っている」(かれはおおくのけいけんをもっている). Note that '多く' can also function as a noun, meaning 'the majority' or 'most', as in '多くは賛成した (おおくはさんせいした) (Most agreed).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

444

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Very

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'とても' means 'very'. It is used to emphasize the degree or intensity of an adjective or another adverb. It is a common and versatile word in Japanese, often used in both casual and formal contexts. For example: This cake is very delicious「このケーキはとてもおいしい」(このケーキはとてもおいしい). She runs very fast「彼女はとても速く走る」(かのじょはとてもはやくはしる). Note that 'とても' can also be used in negative sentences to mean 'not very' or 'not at all', as in 'I am not very good at math「私は数学がとても得意ではない」(わたしはすうがくがとてもとくいではない)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

450

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Alone

Reading

Kanji

一One 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一人で (ひとりで)' means 'alone' or 'by oneself'. It is used to describe doing something without the help or company of others. This adverb is often used to emphasize independence or solitude in an action. For example: I went to the park alone「一人で公園に行った」(ひとりでこうえんにいった). She solved the problem by herself「彼女は一人で問題を解決した」(かのじょはひとりでもんだいをかいけつした). Note that '一人で' can also imply a sense of self-reliance or doing something without assistance, as in '一人で勉強する (ひとりでべんきょうする) (to study alone/independently)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

465

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

More

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'もっと' means 'more'. It is used to indicate a greater degree or quantity of something. It can be used in various contexts, such as requesting more of something, expressing a desire for more, or comparing quantities. For example: I want more「もっと欲しい」(もっとほしい). Please speak more slowly「もっとゆっくり話してください」(もっとゆっくりはなしてください). It can also be used to encourage someone to do more, as in 'もっと頑張って (もっとがんばって) (try harder)'. Note that 'もっと' is often used with verbs to express an increase in action or state.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

481

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Always, Without fail

Reading

Kanji

必Inevitable, Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '必ず (かならず)' conveys a sense of certainty or inevitability. It is used to express that something will definitely happen or is guaranteed to occur. This word is often used in promises, instructions, or when emphasizing the certainty of an outcome. For example: I will always help you「必ずあなたを助けます」(かならずあなたをたすけます). The train will arrive on time without fail「電車は必ず時間通りに来ます」(でんしゃはかならずじかんどおりにきます). Note that '必ず' is stronger than 'いつも (always)' and implies a guarantee rather than a general tendency.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

502

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Almost

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ほぼ (hobo)' means 'almost' or 'nearly'. It is used to indicate that something is very close to being complete, accurate, or true, but not entirely. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: I almost finished my homework「ほぼ宿題を終えた」(ほぼしゅくだいをおえた). The project is almost complete「プロジェクトはほぼ完了した」(プロジェクトはほぼかんりょうした). Note that 'ほぼ' can also imply a high degree of approximation, as in 'ほぼ正確 (ほぼせいかく) (almost accurate)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

506

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many

Reading

Kanji

沢Marsh, Swamp 山Mountain

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '沢山 (たくさん)' means 'many' or 'a lot'. It is used to indicate a large quantity of something, whether it be objects, people, or abstract concepts. It can be used in both positive and neutral contexts. For example: There are many books「本が沢山ある」(ほんがたくさんある). I ate a lot「沢山食べた」(たくさんたべた). Note that '沢山' is often used in casual conversation and can also imply 'enough' or 'plenty' in certain contexts, such as 'That's enough, thank you'「もう沢山です、ありがとう」(もうたくさんです、ありがとう).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

553

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

As it is

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'そのまま (そのまま)' means 'as it is' or 'just as it is'. It is used to indicate that something is left unchanged, unaltered, or in the same state as before. This adverb can be used in various contexts, such as leaving things untouched, maintaining the status quo, or continuing an action without modification. For example: Leave it as it is 「そのままにしておいて」 (そのままにしておいて). He went to bed without changing his clothes 「彼はそのまま服を着たまま寝た」 (かれはそのままふくをきたままねた). It can also be used to express continuation, as in 'そのまま続けてください' (そのままつづけてください) (Please continue as it is). Note that 'そのまま' often carries a notion of preservation or lack of interference.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

568

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Still, Furthermore

Reading

Kanji

猶Waver, Delay

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '猶 (なお)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'still', which is used to indicate that a situation or condition continues unchanged. For example: He is still working「彼は猶働いている」(かれはなおはたらいている). The second meaning is 'furthermore', which is used to add information or emphasize a point. For example: Furthermore, we need to consider the budget「猶、予算を考慮する必要がある」(なお、よさんをこうりょするひつようがある). This word is often used in formal or written contexts and can carry a nuanced tone depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

619

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Far

Reading

Kanji

遠Far

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '遠く (とおく)' means 'far'. It is used to describe a considerable distance in space or time. This word can be used to indicate physical distance, such as the distance between two locations, or metaphorical distance, such as the gap between two points in time or in a relationship. For example: The mountain is far away「山は遠くにある」(やまはとおくにある). I can see the ship far in the distance「遠くに船が見える」(とおくにふねがみえる). It's important to note that '遠く' can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as in the phrase '遠くの親戚より近くの他人' (とおくのしんせきよりちかくのたにん), which translates to 'A stranger nearby is better than a relative far away,' highlighting the importance of proximity over distant relationships.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

663

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clearly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'はっきり (hakkiri)' means 'clearly'. It is used to describe something that is easily understood, visible, or audible. This adverb can be used in various contexts, such as when someone speaks clearly, when something is clearly visible, or when a situation is clearly understood. For example: She speaks clearly「彼女ははっきり話す」(かのじょははっきりはなす). The stars are clearly visible tonight「今夜は星がはっきり見える」(こんやはほしがはっきりみえる). It's important to note that 'はっきり' can also be used to express decisiveness or clarity in decision-making, as in 'はっきりと答える (hakkiri to kotaeru)' which means 'to answer clearly'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

672

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Continuously

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ずっと (ずっと)' means 'continuously' or 'for a long time'. It is used to indicate that something has been happening without interruption or will continue for an extended period. It can also imply a comparison, meaning 'much more' or 'by far' when comparing degrees. For example: I have been waiting continuously「ずっと待っていた」(ずっとまっていた). This book is much more interesting「この本はずっと面白い」(このほんはずっとおもしろい). It's important to note that 'ずっと' can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the sentence.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

674

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Directly

Reading

Kanji

直Straight, Repair 接Contact, Touch

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '直接 (ちょくせつ)' means 'directly'. It is used to describe actions or interactions that occur without any intermediaries or detours. This word is often used in contexts where something is done in a straightforward manner, such as communication, contact, or physical movement. For example: I spoke to him directly「彼に直接話しました」(かれにちょくせつはなしました). The package was delivered directly to my house「荷物は直接家に届けられました」(にもつはちょくせついえにとどけられました). It can also imply immediacy or lack of interference, as in 'directly responsible' or 'directly involved'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

702

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awhile

Reading

Kanji

暫A while, Temporarily

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '暫く (しばらく)' means 'awhile' or 'for a short time'. It is used to indicate a period of time that is not very long, but not necessarily specified. This word can be used in various contexts, such as waiting, not seeing someone for some time, or taking a break. For example: I haven't seen you for awhile「暫く会っていないね」(しばらくあっていないね). Let's rest for awhile「暫く休みましょう」(しばらくやすみましょう). It can also imply a sense of anticipation or preparation for something that will happen after this short period, as in '暫くお待ちください (しばらくおまちください) (Please wait for a moment).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

746

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quite, Not easily

Reading

Kanji

中Center

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '中々 (なかなか)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'quite' or 'very', used to emphasize the degree of something, often in a positive sense. For example: This is quite delicious「これは中々美味しい」(これはなかなかおいしい). The second meaning is 'not easily' or 'hardly', used to express difficulty in achieving something. For example: I can't easily finish this task「この課題は中々終わらない」(このかだいはなかなかおわらない). The nuance of this word depends on the context, so pay attention to the tone of the sentence.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

776

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Never

Reading

Kanji

決Decide

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '決して (けっして)' means 'never' and is used to strongly emphasize that something will absolutely not happen or is not true. It is often used in negative sentences to reinforce the negation. For example: I will never forget your kindness「決してあなたの親切を忘れません」(けっしてあなたのしんせつをわすれません). This is never acceptable「これは決して許されません」(これはけっしてゆるされません). Note that '決して' is typically paired with negative verb forms to convey its meaning effectively.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

820

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eventually

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'やがて' means 'eventually' or 'before long'. It is used to indicate that something will happen after some time has passed, often with a sense of inevitability. It can also imply a gradual progression towards a certain outcome. For example: He will eventually understand「彼はやがて理解するだろう」(かれはやがてりかいするだろう). The flowers will bloom before long「花はやがて咲くだろう」(はなはやがてさくだろう). Note that 'やがて' carries a slightly poetic or formal tone and is often used in written language or formal speech.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

827

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

How

Reading

Kanji

如As, Likeness 何What

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '如何に (いかに)' means 'how' and is used to inquire about the manner, degree, or extent of something. It often carries a formal or literary tone and is commonly used in written language or formal speech. For example: How did you solve the problem?「如何にその問題を解決しましたか？」(いかにそのもんだいをかいけつしましたか？). How important is this decision?「如何にこの決定が重要ですか？」(いかにこのけっていがじゅうようですか？). This adverb can also be used to express surprise or emphasis, as in 'How amazing!「如何に素晴らしい！」(いかにすばらしい！)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

839

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rather

Reading

Kanji

寧Rather, Courteous

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '寧ろ (むしろ)' is used to express a preference for one thing over another, often indicating that the speaker considers the second option to be more suitable, appropriate, or true than the first. It can also be used to contrast two ideas, emphasizing that the latter is more accurate or preferable. For example: I would rather stay home than go out「出かけるより寧ろ家にいたい」(でかけるよりむしろいえにいたい). It's not expensive; rather, it's cheap「高くない、寧ろ安い」(たかくない、むしろやすい). This adverb is often used in comparisons or when correcting a previous statement.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

845

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Completely

Reading

Kanji

丸Round

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '丸で (まるで)' means 'completely' or 'entirely'. It is often used to emphasize that something is wholly or utterly a certain way, often in a figurative sense. It can also be used to draw comparisons, similar to the English phrase 'just like'. For example: It's completely different「丸で違う」(まるでちがう). It's just like a dream「丸で夢のようだ」(まるでゆめのようだ). The word can carry a nuance of surprise or exaggeration, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

898

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Full, A lot

Reading

Kanji

一One 杯Cup, Cupfuls

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '一杯 (いっぱい)' can mean 'full' or 'a lot'. When used to mean 'full', it describes something that is completely filled to capacity, such as a glass or a room. For example: the glass is full「コップは一杯です」(コップはいっぱいです). When used to mean 'a lot', it indicates a large quantity or amount of something. For example: there are a lot of people「人が一杯います」(ひとがいっぱいいます). The nuance of '一杯' can vary depending on the context, but it generally conveys the idea of being filled or abundant.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

907

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Probably

Reading

Kanji

恐Fear

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '恐らく (おそらく)' means 'probably' and is used to express a high degree of likelihood or assumption about something. It is often used in formal or written contexts to indicate that the speaker believes something is true but is not entirely certain. For example: He will probably come tomorrow「彼は恐らく明日来るでしょう」(かれはおそらくあしたくるでしょう). It will probably rain「恐らく雨が降るでしょう」(おそらくあめがふるでしょう). This word conveys a sense of cautious certainty and is commonly used in predictions or when making educated guesses.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

919

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Once

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'かつて (katsute)' means 'once' or 'formerly'. It is used to refer to a time in the past, often indicating that something was true or happened at some point but is no longer the case. It can also imply a sense of nostalgia or reflection on past events. For example: I once lived in Kyoto「かつて京都に住んでいた」(かつてきょうとにすんでいた). This town was once prosperous「この町はかつて栄えていた」(このまちはかつてさかえていた). The adverb is often used in written or formal contexts to describe historical or personal past events.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

921

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Again

Reading

Kanji

再Again, Twice

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '再び (ふたたび)' means 'again'. It is used to indicate that something is happening once more or returning to a previous state. This word often carries a slightly formal or literary tone and is commonly used in written language or formal speech. For example: He will try again「彼は再び挑戦する」(かれはふたたびちょうせんする). The leaves turned green again「葉は再び緑になった」(ははふたたびみどりになった). Note that '再び' is often used to describe events or actions that repeat after a significant interval or pause, emphasizing the recurrence of the situation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

952

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Anytime

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'いつでも (itsudemo)' means 'anytime'. It is used to indicate that something can happen or be done at any moment, without restriction to a specific time. This adverb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, such as making offers, stating availability, or expressing flexibility. For example: You can call me anytime「いつでも電話してください」(いつでもでんわしてください). I am always ready to help「いつでも手伝う準備ができています」(いつでもてつだうじゅんびができています). The word 'いつでも' is often used in a positive and open-ended manner, emphasizing the lack of time constraints.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

973

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenly

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '急に (きゅうに)' means 'suddenly'. It is used to describe an action or event that happens abruptly or without warning. This adverb is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese to convey a sense of immediacy or unexpectedness. For example: He suddenly stood up「彼は急に立ち上がった」(かれはきゅうにたちあがった). The weather suddenly changed「天気が急に変わった」(てんきがきゅうにかわった). It can also be used to describe a sudden change in emotion or state, such as '急に悲しくなった (きゅうにかなしくなった)' (suddenly became sad).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1000

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Probably

Reading

Kanji

多Many 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '多分 (たぶん)' means 'probably' or 'perhaps'. It is used to express uncertainty or likelihood about a situation or event. This word is commonly used in casual conversations and can be placed at the beginning or middle of a sentence. For example: He will probably come tomorrow「多分彼は明日来る」(たぶんかれはあしたくる). It will probably rain「多分雨が降る」(たぶんあめがふる). Note that '多分' conveys a sense of speculation and is less definitive than words like 'きっと' (certainly).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1008

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rarely

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'めったに (めったに)' means 'rarely' or 'seldom'. It is used to express that something happens infrequently or almost never. This adverb is typically used in negative sentences, often paired with 'ない' or 'ません' to emphasize the rarity of an action or event. For example: I rarely go to the movies「めったに映画を見に行かない」(めったにえいがをみにいかない). He rarely gets angry「彼はめったに怒らない」(かれはめったにおこらない). The word carries a nuance of something being uncommon or unusual, and it is often used to highlight exceptions rather than regular occurrences.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1040

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slightly, Barely

Reading

Kanji

僅A wee bit

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '僅か (わずか)' is used to indicate a small amount or degree. It can mean 'slightly' or 'barely', depending on the context. This word is often used to emphasize how little or minimal something is. For example: The difference is slight「その違いは僅かだ」(そのちがいはわずかだ). He barely passed the exam「彼は僅かに試験に合格した」(かれはわずかにしけんにごうかくした). Note that '僅か' can also be used as a noun, as in '僅かな時間 (わずかなじかん) (a little time)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1041

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exactly

Reading

Kanji

正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '正に (まさに)' means 'exactly' or 'precisely'. It is used to emphasize that something is exactly as stated or expected, often in situations where timing, accuracy, or truthfulness is highlighted. For example: This is exactly what I wanted「これは正に私が欲しかったものだ」(これはまさにわたしがほしかったものだ). He is precisely the person we need「彼は正に私たちが必要としている人だ」(かれはまさにわたしたちがひつようとしているひとだ). The word can also convey a sense of inevitability or appropriateness, as in 'It was exactly as predicted'「それは正に予測通りだった」(それはまさによそくどおりだった).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1049

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Anyway

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'とにかく (tonikaku)' means 'anyway' or 'in any case'. It is used to indicate that something should be done or considered regardless of other factors or details. It often conveys a sense of urgency or prioritization. For example: Anyway, let's go「とにかく行きましょう」(とにかくいきましょう). I don't know the details, but anyway, it's important「詳細はわからないけど、とにかく大事だ」(しょうさいはわからないけど、とにかくだいじだ). This word can also imply a dismissal of other concerns, as in 'Anyway, let's not worry about that now'「とにかく、今は気にしないでおこう」(とにかく、いまはきにしないでおこう).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1065

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Firmly

Reading

Kanji

確Certain

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '確り (しっかり)' means 'firmly' or 'steadily'. It is often used to describe actions done with care, attention, or reliability. It can also imply mental or emotional stability. For example: Hold it firmly「しっかり持って」(しっかりもって). She studies hard「彼女はしっかり勉強する」(かのじょはしっかりべんきょうする). Additionally, it can be used to encourage someone to stay strong or focused, as in 'Stay strong! (しっかりして！)'. This word conveys a sense of dependability and thoroughness in actions or attitudes.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1072

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

After all

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'やっぱり' (yappari) is a colloquial form of 'やはり' and is commonly used in casual conversation. It conveys a sense of something being as expected, or reaffirming a previous thought or assumption. It can also express a change of mind back to an original opinion or decision. For example: I thought so, after all「やっぱりそうだと思った」(やっぱりそうだとおもった). I'll have coffee after all「やっぱりコーヒーにする」(やっぱりコーヒーにする). The nuance of 'やっぱり' often includes a slight surprise or realization, even when confirming something that was already suspected.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1097

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Extremely

Reading

Kanji

極Extreme, Pole

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '極めて (きわめて)' means 'extremely' or 'very'. It is used to emphasize the degree or intensity of something, often in formal or written contexts. This adverb is typically placed before adjectives or other adverbs to strengthen their meaning. For example: This problem is extremely difficult「この問題は極めて難しい」(このもんだいはきわめてむずかしい). The results were extremely satisfactory「結果は極めて満足のいくものだった」(けっかはきわめてまんぞくのいくものだった). Note that '極めて' carries a formal tone and is less commonly used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1098

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quickly

Reading

Kanji

早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '早く (はやく)' means 'quickly' or 'early'. It is used to indicate that something is done with speed or haste, or that something occurs earlier than expected. This adverb can be used in various contexts, such as urging someone to hurry up or describing the timing of an event. For example: Please come quickly「早く来てください」(はやくきてください). I woke up early this morning「今朝は早く起きた」(けさははやくおきた). It can also be used to express a desire for something to happen sooner, as in 'I want summer to come quickly'「夏が早く来てほしい」(なつがはやくきてほしい).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1105

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Firstly

Reading

Kanji

始Begin

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '始めに (はじめに)' means 'firstly' or 'to begin with'. It is commonly used to introduce the first point or step in a sequence, often in speeches, presentations, or written instructions. This word sets the stage for what follows and is typically followed by additional points or actions. For example: Firstly, let's introduce ourselves「始めに、自己紹介をしましょう」(はじめに、じこしょうかいをしましょう). Firstly, we need to gather the materials「始めに、材料を集める必要があります」(はじめに、ざいりょうをあつめるひつようがあります). It is a formal and structured way to organize thoughts or actions.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1116

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surely

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '急度 (きっと)' means 'surely' or 'certainly'. It is used to express a strong belief or conviction about something happening or being true. This word is often used when the speaker is confident about a future event or outcome. For example: He will surely come「彼はきっと来る」(かれはきっとくる). It will surely rain tomorrow「明日はきっと雨が降る」(あしたはきっとあめがふる). The nuance of 'きっと' often implies a sense of hope or expectation, and it is commonly used in positive contexts. It can also be used to reassure someone, as in 'きっと大丈夫 (きっとだいじょうぶ) (Surely, it will be okay).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1117

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Someday

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'いつか (itsuka)' means 'someday' or 'at some point in the future'. It is used to refer to an unspecified time in the future, often with a sense of hope or uncertainty. For example: I will visit Japan someday「いつか日本を訪れます」(いつかにほんをおとずれます). Someday I will understand「いつかわかるでしょう」(いつかわかるでしょう). This word can also imply a sense of inevitability or a vague promise about the future. It is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1135

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slowly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ゆっくり' means 'slowly'. It is used to describe actions or movements that are performed at a leisurely or unhurried pace. This word can also imply taking one's time or doing something without rushing. For example: Please eat slowly「ゆっくり食べてください」(ゆっくりたべてください). Let's walk slowly「ゆっくり歩きましょう」(ゆっくりあるきましょう). Additionally, 'ゆっくり' can be used to suggest relaxation or taking it easy, as in 'ゆっくり休んでください (ゆっくりやすんでください) (Please rest comfortably).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1137

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Just now

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'さっき' refers to an event or action that occurred a short time ago, typically within the recent past, often translated as 'just now' or 'a little while ago'. It is commonly used in casual conversation to refer to something that happened not long before the current moment. For example: I just saw him「さっき彼を見た」(さっきかれをみた). I ate lunch a little while ago「さっき昼ご飯を食べた」(さっきひるごはんをたべた). The nuance of 'さっき' implies that the event is still fresh in the speaker's memory and relevant to the current conversation.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1155

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Originally

Reading

Kanji

元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '元々 (もともと)' means 'originally' or 'from the start'. It is used to indicate that something has been a certain way since the beginning or to emphasize the inherent nature of something. This word is often used to clarify that a situation or condition is not new but has always existed. For example: I was originally from Kyoto「元々京都出身です」(もともときょうとしゅっしんです). This place was originally a park「元々ここは公園でした」(もともとここはこうえんでした). The word can also imply that something is natural or expected, as in '元々彼は優しい人です (もともとかれはやさしいひとです) (He was originally a kind person).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1189

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Straight

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '真っ直ぐ (まっすぐ)' means 'straight'. It is used to describe something that is direct, without curves or bends, or to describe someone acting honestly or straightforwardly. For example: go straight「真っ直ぐ行ってください」(まっすぐいってください). He is a straightforward person「彼は真っ直ぐな人です」(かれはまっすぐなひとです). This word can also imply moral uprightness or sincerity in behavior.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1194

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suddenly

Reading

Kanji

突Stab, Dash 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '突然 (とつぜん)' means 'suddenly'. It is used to describe an action or event that occurs without warning or unexpectedly. This word is often used in both spoken and written Japanese to emphasize the abruptness of an occurrence. For example: Suddenly, it started raining「突然、雨が降り始めた」(とつぜん、あめがふりはじめた). He suddenly appeared「彼は突然現れた」(かれはとつぜんあらわれた). The word can also be used to describe sudden changes in situations or emotions, such as '突然の変化 (とつぜんのへんか)' (sudden change).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1221

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Properly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ちゃんと (ちゃんと)' means 'properly' or 'correctly'. It is used to emphasize that something is done in a thorough, orderly, or appropriate manner. It often conveys a sense of responsibility or attention to detail. For example: Please do your homework properly「宿題をちゃんとやりなさい」(しゅくだいをちゃんとやりなさい). He always arrives on time「彼はちゃんと時間に来る」(かれはちゃんとじかんにくる). The word can also imply reliability or trustworthiness, as in 'She always pays her bills properly「彼女はちゃんと請求書を払う」(かのじょはちゃんとせいきゅうしょをはらう).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1256

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Properly

Reading

Kanji

宜Right, Best regards

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '宜しく (よろしく)' is a versatile word often used to convey a sense of proper handling, goodwill, or politeness. It can be used in various contexts, such as when asking someone to take care of something, expressing gratitude, or setting the tone for a relationship. For example: please take care of me「宜しくお願いします」(よろしくおねがいします). Please treat me well「宜しくお願いします」(よろしくおねがいします). It's important to note that this word is often used in formal or semi-formal situations, and its meaning can vary depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1278

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exactly

Reading

Kanji

丁Street 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '丁度 (ちょうど)' means 'exactly' or 'just'. It is used to indicate precision in time, quantity, or condition. It can also imply that something happens at the perfect moment or fits perfectly. For example: It's exactly 3 o'clock「ちょうど3時です」(ちょうどさんじです). This shirt fits me just right「このシャツはちょうどいい」(このシャツはちょうどいい). The train arrived exactly on time「電車はちょうど時間通りに到着した」(でんしゃはちょうどじかんどおりにとうちゃくした). Note that 'ちょうど' is often used in casual and formal contexts alike, making it a versatile word in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1325

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finally

Reading

Kanji

漸Gradually, Steadily

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '漸く (ようやく)' means 'finally' or 'at last'. It is used to express relief or satisfaction after a long wait or effort. It often conveys a sense of something being achieved after difficulty or delay. For example: I finally finished my homework「漸く宿題が終わった」(ようやくしゅくだいがおわった). The train finally arrived「漸く電車が来た」(ようやくでんしゃがきた). This word can also imply a sense of gradual progress, as in '漸く春が来た (ようやくはるがきた) (Spring has finally come).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1381

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Actually

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 際Occasion

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '実際 (じっさい)' means 'actually' or 'in reality'. It is used to emphasize the truth or reality of a situation, often contrasting with assumptions or appearances. This word is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese to clarify or confirm facts. For example: Actually, I don't know「実際、知りません」(じっさい、しりません). In reality, it's not that expensive「実際、そんなに高くない」(じっさい、そんなにたかくない). It can also be used to introduce a real-life example or experience, as in '実際に試してみた (じっさいにためしてみた) (I actually tried it).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1383

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Properly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'きちんと' means 'properly' or 'neatly'. It is used to describe actions or states that are done in an orderly, correct, or precise manner. This word often carries a nuance of thoroughness and attention to detail. For example: Please clean your room properly「部屋をきちんと掃除してください」(へやをきちんとそうじしてください). She always dresses neatly「彼女はいつもきちんと着ている」(かのじょはいつもきちんときている). It can also imply reliability or punctuality, as in: He always arrives on time「彼はいつもきちんと時間に来る」(かれはいつもきちんとじかんにくる).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1417

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Very

Reading

Kanji

非Mistake, Negative 常Usual, Normal

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '非常に (ひじょうに)' means 'very' or 'extremely'. It is used to emphasize the degree or intensity of something. This word is formal and is often used in written language or formal speech. For example: This is very important「これは非常に重要です」(これはひじょうにじゅうようです). The weather is extremely hot today「今日は非常に暑いです」(きょうはひじょうにあついです). It can also be used to describe emotions or states, such as '非常に嬉しい (ひじょうにうれしい)' (very happy). Note that '非常に' is more formal than other similar adverbs like 'とても' or 'すごく'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1422

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Soundly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ぐっすり' describes sleeping deeply or soundly. It is often used to emphasize that someone is in a state of very deep sleep, undisturbed by external factors. For example: I slept soundly last night「昨夜はぐっすり眠れました」(さくやはぐっすりねむれました). The baby is sleeping soundly「赤ちゃんはぐっすり眠っている」(あかちゃんはぐっすりねむっている). This adverb is commonly paired with verbs like '眠る (ねむる)' (to sleep) to convey the idea of a restful, uninterrupted sleep.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1458

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finally

Reading

Kanji

遂Consummate, Accomplish

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '遂に (ついに)' means 'finally' and is used to indicate that something has happened after a long wait or effort. It often carries a sense of culmination or achievement. For example: He finally arrived「彼は遂に到着した」(かれはついにとうちゃくした). The project is finally complete「そのプロジェクトは遂に完了した」(そのプロジェクトはついにかんりょうした). This word is typically used in contexts where there is a sense of relief or accomplishment after a long period of time or effort.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1553

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aimlessly

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'ぶらぶら (burabura)' describes moving or doing something without a specific purpose or direction. It often conveys a sense of leisurely wandering or idling. For example: I walked around aimlessly「ぶらぶら歩いた」(ぶらぶらあるいた). He spent the day idly「彼は一日ぶらぶら過ごした」(かれはいちにちぶらぶらすごした). This word can also imply a lack of productivity or focus, as in 'stop idling around'「ぶらぶらするな」(ぶらぶらするな). It is commonly used in casual conversations to describe relaxed or unplanned activities.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1607

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Even

Reading

Kanji

仮Temporary 令Orders

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '仮令 (たとえ)' is used to express a hypothetical or extreme condition, often translated as 'even if' or 'even though'. It is commonly used in conjunction with words like 'ても' or 'でも' to emphasize that the following statement holds true regardless of the condition. For example: Even if it rains, I will go「仮令雨が降っても、行きます」(たとえあめがふっても、いきます). Even though it's difficult, I won't give up「仮令難しくても、諦めない」(たとえむずかしくても、あきらめない). This word is often used in formal or literary contexts and carries a sense of strong determination or inevitability.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1632

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sparkle

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'きらきら' describes something that sparkles or glitters, often used to depict light reflecting off surfaces like water, stars, or jewelry. It conveys a sense of brightness and liveliness. For example: The stars are sparkling「星がきらきらしている」(ほしがきらきらしている). Her eyes sparkled with joy「彼女の目は喜びできらきらしていた」(かのじょのめはよろこびできらきらしていた). This word is often used in poetic or descriptive contexts to evoke a vivid image of light or brilliance.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1657

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Greatly

Reading

Kanji

大Big 幅Width

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '大幅 (おおはば)' means 'greatly' or 'significantly'. It is used to describe a large or substantial change, difference, or extent. This word is often used in contexts involving adjustments, revisions, or shifts, such as in business, economics, or policy. For example: The company greatly increased its profits「会社は利益を大幅に増やした」(かいしゃはりえきをおおはばにふやした). The government significantly revised the policy「政府は政策を大幅に改定した」(せいふはせいさくをおおはばにかいていした). Note that '大幅' emphasizes the scale or degree of change, making it suitable for formal or impactful contexts.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1668

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finally

Reading

Kanji

漸Gradually, Steadily

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '漸と (やっと)' means 'finally' or 'at last'. It is used to express relief or satisfaction after a long wait, effort, or struggle. This word often conveys a sense of accomplishment or the overcoming of difficulty. For example: I finally finished my homework「やっと宿題が終わった」(やっとしゅくだいがおわった). The train finally arrived「やっと電車が来た」(やっとでんしゃがきた). It can also imply that something was achieved with great effort or just barely, as in 'I finally caught the last train'「やっと終電に間に合った」(やっとしゅうでんにまにあった).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1699

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smiling

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adverb 'にこにこ (にこにこ)' describes a cheerful, smiling expression or demeanor. It is often used to depict someone who is smiling happily or contentedly. This word is commonly used to describe a person's facial expression or mood. For example: She was smiling「彼女はにこにこしていた」(かのじょはにこにこしていた). The child smiled happily「子供はにこにこ笑った」(こどもはにこにこわらった). It can also be used to describe a warm, friendly atmosphere, as in 'The shopkeeper greeted us with a smile「店主はにこにこと挨拶した」(てんしゅはにこにことあいさつした)'.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Frequency

1728

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Certainly

Reading

Kanji

是Right, Absolutely 非Mistake, Negative

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '是非 (ぜひ)' is used to express strong encouragement or a strong desire for something to happen. It can be translated as 'certainly', 'by all means', or 'definitely'. This word is often used when making requests or invitations, emphasizing the speaker's earnestness. For example: Please come by all means「是非来てください」(ぜひきてください). I definitely want to go「是非行きたいです」(ぜひいきたいです). It can also be used to express a strong recommendation, as in 'You should definitely try this dish'「この料理は是非食べてみてください」(このりょうりはぜひたべてみてください).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1802

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Not at all

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 然Sort of thing, In that case

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '全然 (ぜんぜん)' is commonly used to express 'not at all' or 'entirely not'. It is often used in negative sentences to emphasize the complete absence or negation of something. For example: I don't understand at all「全然わからない」(ぜんぜんわからない). This is not interesting at all「これは全然面白くない」(これはぜんぜんおもしろくない). It can also be used in casual speech to mean 'completely' or 'totally' in positive contexts, though this usage is more informal. For example: I'm completely fine「全然平気だよ」(ぜんぜんへいきだよ).

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1817

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Quite

Reading

Kanji

随Follow, All 分Minute, Part

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '随分 (ずいぶん)' is used to express a considerable degree or extent of something, often implying that the degree is more than expected. It can be translated as 'quite', 'very', or 'considerably' in English. This word is often used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: It's quite cold today「今日は随分寒いですね」(きょうはずいぶんさむいですね). She has changed quite a bit「彼女は随分変わった」(かのじょはずいぶんかわった). Note that '随分' can sometimes carry a nuance of surprise or unexpectedness, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1821

Composition

kanji

Handwriting