言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Non existent

Reading

Kanji

無Nothing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '無い (ない)' means 'nonexistent' or 'not present'. It is used to indicate the absence of something or to negate the existence of an object, state, or condition. This word is often used in everyday conversation and can be attached to nouns or used independently. For example: There is no money「お金がない」(おかねがない). I have no time「時間がない」(じかんがない). It can also be used to express the lack of necessity or obligation, as in 'You don't have to go'「行かなくてもいい」(いかなくてもいい). Note that 'ない' is often used in negative sentences and can be combined with verbs to form negative conjugations, such as '食べない' (たべない) meaning 'do not eat'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

53

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Good

Reading

Kanji

良Good

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '良い (よい)' means 'good'. It is a versatile word used to describe something that is of high quality, favorable, or desirable. It can be applied to a wide range of contexts, from describing objects and situations to expressing approval or satisfaction. For example: This is a good book「これは良い本です」(これはよいほんです). The weather is good today「今日は天気が良い」(きょうはてんきがよい). Additionally, '良い' can sometimes be used to express permission, as in 'It's good to go'「行っても良い」(いってもよい). Note that '良い' is often pronounced as 'いい' in casual speech, though the meaning remains the same.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

65

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Love

Reading

Kanji

大Big 好Like, Fond

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '大好き (だいすき)' means 'love' or 'really like'. It is used to express strong affection or preference for something or someone. This word is often used in casual conversations to convey enthusiasm or deep fondness. For example: I love sushi「私は寿司が大好きです」(わたしはすしがだいすきです). He really likes cats「彼は猫が大好きです」(かれはねこがだいすきです). Note that '大好き' is stronger than '好き (すき)', which simply means 'like'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

109

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Healthy, Energetic

Reading

Kanji

気Spirit 元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '元気 (げんき)' primarily means 'healthy' or 'energetic'. It is commonly used to describe someone's physical or mental state, indicating they are in good health or full of energy. It can also be used as a greeting to ask about someone's well-being. For example: Are you feeling well?「元気ですか？」(げんきですか？). He is very energetic「彼はとても元気です」(かれはとてもげんきです). The word can also describe something lively or spirited, such as a lively atmosphere「元気な雰囲気」(げんきなふんいき). Note that '元気' is often used in casual conversations and is a positive, uplifting term.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

113

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Many

Reading

Kanji

多Many

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '多い (おおい)' means 'many' or 'a lot'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. This adjective is often used to modify nouns or to describe situations where there is an abundance of something. For example: There are many people「人が多い」(ひとがおおい). There are many books「本が多い」(ほんがおおい). It can also be used in comparative or superlative forms, such as 'もっと多い (もっとおおい)' (more) or '一番多い (いちばんおおい)' (the most). Note that '多い' is typically used in its adjectival form and does not conjugate like verbs.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

136

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

High, Expensive

Reading

Kanji

高High, Expensive

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '高い (たかい)' has two primary meanings: 'high' and 'expensive'. When used to mean 'high', it describes something that is elevated in position or degree, such as a mountain or a level of skill. For example: The mountain is high「山が高い」(やまがたかい). When used to mean 'expensive', it refers to something that costs a lot of money. For example: This bag is expensive「このバッグは高い」(このバッグはたかい). The context in which '高い' is used will determine its meaning, so it's important to pay attention to the surrounding words and sentences.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

208

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Big

Reading

Kanji

大Big

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '大きい (おおきい)' means 'big'. It is used to describe something that has a relatively large size or volume. This adjective can be applied to physical objects, spaces, or even abstract concepts like influence or importance. For example: This house is big「この家は大きい」(このいえはおおきい). His dream is big「彼の夢は大きい」(かれのゆめはおおきい). When modifying a noun, it is often used as '大きい家 (おおきいいえ) (big house)'. Note that '大きい' is commonly used in everyday conversation, while '大きな (おおきな)' is a more literary or formal alternative.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

215

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bad

Reading

Kanji

悪Evil

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '悪い (わるい)' primarily means 'bad'. It is used to describe something that is of poor quality, harmful, or undesirable. It can also imply guilt or wrongdoing. For example: This is bad news「これは悪いニュースです」(これはわるいニュースです). I feel bad about lying「嘘をついて悪いと思っている」(うそをついてわるいとおもっている). Additionally, '悪い' can be used in polite expressions to apologize or express inconvenience, such as 'ごめん、悪いね' (ごめん、わるいね) meaning 'Sorry, my bad.'

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

237

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strong

Reading

Kanji

強Strong

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '強い (つよい)' means 'strong'. It is used to describe physical strength, intensity, or resilience. It can also describe someone's character, willpower, or even flavors and sensations. For example: He is strong「彼は強い」(かれはつよい). This coffee is strong「このコーヒーは強い」(このコーヒーはつよい). The wind is strong today「今日は風が強い」(きょうはかぜがつよい). Additionally, it can be used metaphorically, such as in '強い意志 (つよいいし) (strong will)' or '強い味 (つよいあじ) (strong flavor)'. Note that the adjective can also imply toughness or durability, as in '強い素材 (つよいそざい) (durable material)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

253

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Few, Little

Reading

Kanji

少Few

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '少ない (すくない)' means 'few' or 'little', depending on the context. It is used to describe a small quantity or amount of something, whether countable or uncountable. This adjective is often used in everyday conversation to express scarcity or insufficiency. For example: There are few people in the park「公園に人が少ない」(こうえんにひとがすくない). I have little money「お金が少ない」(おかねがすくない). Note that '少ない' is typically used in negative contexts to indicate a lack of something, and it can be applied to both tangible and intangible things.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

282

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Long

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '長い (ながい)' means 'long'. It is used to describe something that has a great length or duration. This can refer to physical objects, such as a long rope, or abstract concepts, like a long time. For example: this rope is long「このロープは長い」(このロープはながい). The meeting was long「会議は長かった」(かいぎはながかった). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in '長い話 (ながいはなし)', meaning 'a long story'. Note that when modifying a noun, it is often used in the form '長い + noun', as in '長い道 (ながいみち) (long road)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

296

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New

Reading

Kanji

新New

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '新しい (あたらしい)' means 'new'. It is used to describe something that has recently been made, discovered, or introduced. This adjective can be applied to objects, ideas, or experiences. For example: I bought a new car「新しい車を買いました」(あたらしいくるまをかいました). This is a new idea「これは新しいアイデアです」(これはあたらしいアイデアです). The adjective can also imply freshness or novelty, as in '新しい友達 (あたらしいともだち) (new friend)'. Note that it is often used to describe something that has not been used or experienced before.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

340

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sour

Reading

Kanji

酸Bitter, Acid

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '酸っぱい (すっぱい)' means 'sour'. It is used to describe a sharp, acidic taste, often associated with foods like lemons, vinegar, or unripe fruits. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or emotions, such as jealousy or bitterness. For example: This lemon is sour「このレモンは酸っぱい」(このレモンはすっぱい). She made a sour face when she tasted the vinegar「彼女は酢を味わった時、酸っぱい顔をした」(かのじょはすをあじわったとき、すっぱいかおをした). The word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is straightforward in its meaning.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

364

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early, Fast

Reading

Kanji

早Early, Fast

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '早い (はやい)' has two distinct meanings: 'early' and 'fast'. When used to mean 'early', it refers to something happening before the expected or usual time, such as arriving early or waking up early. For example: I woke up early「早く起きた」(はやくおきた). When used to mean 'fast', it describes something moving or happening quickly, such as a fast runner or a quick response. For example: This train is fast「この電車は早い」(このでんしゃははやい). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended, but both are common and important to recognize.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

365

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sweet, Lenient

Reading

Kanji

甘Sweet

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '甘い (あまい)' primarily means 'sweet', referring to taste, but it can also mean 'lenient' or 'indulgent' when describing behavior or judgment. For example: this cake is sweet「このケーキは甘い」(このケーキはあまい). He is too lenient with his students「彼は生徒に甘い」(かれはせいとにあまい). The word can also imply naivety or being overly optimistic, as in '甘い考え (あまいかんがえ) (naive thinking)'. It's important to note that the context determines which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

379

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Young

Reading

Kanji

若Young

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '若い (わかい)' means 'young'. It is used to describe someone or something that is in the early stage of life or development. This word can be applied to people, animals, plants, or even abstract concepts like ideas or organizations. For example: She is young「彼女は若い」(かのじょはわかい). This tree is still young「この木はまだ若い」(このきはまだわかい). The adjective can also imply inexperience or freshness, as in '若い考え (わかいかんがえ) (young/naive idea)'. It is important to note that '若い' is often used in a positive or neutral context, but it can sometimes carry a nuance of immaturity depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

380

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dislike

Reading

Kanji

嫌Dislike

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '嫌い (きらい)' means 'dislike' or 'hate'. It is used to express a strong negative feeling towards something or someone. This word can be used to describe a general aversion or a specific dislike. For example: I dislike vegetables「野菜が嫌いです」(やさいがきらいです). He hates lies「彼は嘘が嫌いです」(かれはうそがきらいです). It is important to note that '嫌い' can also imply a sense of avoidance or reluctance, not just outright hatred. The nuance can vary depending on the context and the level of intensity in the speaker's tone.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

382

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Want

Reading

Kanji

欲Desire, Longing

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '欲しい (ほしい)' means 'want'. It is used to express a desire for something or someone. This word is often used to indicate that the speaker wants a specific object or outcome. For example: I want a new car「新しい車が欲しい」(あたらしいくるまがほしい). She wants that book「彼女はその本が欲しい」(かのじょはそのほんがほしい). It can also be used to express a desire for someone to do something, as in 'I want you to come with me'「一緒に来て欲しい」(いっしょにきてほしい). Note that '欲しい' is typically used for tangible objects or specific actions, and it conveys a personal desire.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

386

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deep

Reading

Kanji

深Deep

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '深い (ふかい)' means 'deep'. It is used to describe physical depth, such as a deep hole or ocean, as well as abstract concepts like deep emotions, thoughts, or relationships. For example: The ocean is deep「海は深い」(うみはふかい). His thoughts are deep「彼の考えは深い」(かれのかんがえはふかい). It can also describe intensity, such as deep sleep or deep colors. For example: She is in a deep sleep「彼女は深い眠りについている」(かのじょはふかいねむりについている). The nuance of '深い' often implies something profound or significant beyond surface-level understanding.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

398

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Clear

Reading

Kanji

明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '明らか (あきらか)' means 'clear' or 'obvious'. It is used to describe something that is evident, apparent, or easily understood. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize clarity or certainty. For example: The truth is clear「真実は明らかだ」(しんじつはあきらかだ). It is obvious that he is lying「彼が嘘をついているのは明らかだ」(かれがうそをついているのはあきらかだ). The results are clear「結果は明らかだ」(けっかはあきらかだ). Note that '明らか' is often followed by the copula 'だ' or 'です' to form a complete statement.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

530

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delicious, Skilled

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'うまい (うまい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'delicious', used to describe food or drink that tastes very good. For example: this sushi is delicious「この寿司はうまい」(このすしはうまい). The second meaning is 'skilled', referring to someone who is proficient or adept at a particular activity. For example: he is skilled at playing the guitar「彼はギターを弾くのがうまい」(かれはギターをひくのがうまい). The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended, as the first is related to taste and the second to ability. Note that 'うまい' is casual and often used in informal settings.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

624

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Near

Reading

Kanji

近Near

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '近い (ちかい)' means 'near' or 'close'. It is used to describe physical proximity, such as the distance between two locations, or metaphorical closeness, such as a close relationship or an imminent event. For example: The station is near「駅は近い」(えきはちかい). My house is close to the park「私の家は公園に近い」(わたしのいえはこうえんにちかい). It can also describe something being close in time, such as 'the deadline is near'「締め切りが近い」(しめきりがちかい). Note that this adjective is often used with the particle 'に' to indicate what something is near to, as in '公園に近い (こうえんにちかい) (close to the park)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

640

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Small

Reading

Kanji

小Small

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '小さい (ちいさい)' means 'small'. It is used to describe something that has a relatively small size or volume. This adjective can be applied to objects, animals, or even abstract concepts. For example: my cat is small「私の猫は小さい」(わたしのねこはちいさい). This room is small「この部屋は小さい」(このへやはちいさい). When modifying a noun, it is often used as in '小さい猫 (ちいさいねこ) (small cat)'. The adjective is versatile and commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

644

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficult

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '難しい (むずかしい)' means 'difficult'. It is used to describe something that is hard to understand, accomplish, or deal with. This word can be applied to tasks, problems, concepts, or situations. For example: This problem is difficult「この問題は難しい」(このもんだいはむずかしい). Learning Japanese is difficult「日本語を学ぶのは難しい」(にほんごをまなぶのはむずかしい). The word can also imply complexity or a high level of challenge. It is often used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

662

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Amazing

Reading

Kanji

凄Nifty

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '凄い (すごい)' primarily means 'amazing' or 'incredible'. It is used to express awe, admiration, or surprise at something extraordinary, whether positive or negative. For example: That movie was amazing「あの映画は凄かった」(あのえいがはすごかった). He is incredibly fast「彼は凄く速い」(かれはすごくはやい). The word can also be used colloquially to mean 'very' or 'really', as in '凄く暑い (すごくあつい) (really hot)'. It is a versatile word often used in casual conversation to emphasize intensity or impressiveness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

665

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Interesting, Funny

Reading

Kanji

面Face, Surface 白White

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '面白い (おもしろい)' has two primary meanings: 'interesting' and 'funny'. When used to mean 'interesting', it describes something that captures attention or is engaging, such as a book, movie, or idea. For example: This book is interesting「この本は面白い」(このほんはおもしろい). When used to mean 'funny', it describes something that causes laughter or amusement, such as a joke or a situation. For example: That joke was funny「そのジョークは面白かった」(そのジョークはおもしろかった). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended. Note that '面白い' can also imply a sense of novelty or uniqueness, adding depth to its usage.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

697

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wide, Spacious

Reading

Kanji

広Wide

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '広い (ひろい)' primarily means 'wide' or 'spacious'. It is used to describe something that has a large area or extent, such as a room, field, or even abstract concepts like knowledge or experience. For example: This park is wide「この公園は広い」(このこうえんはひろい). Her knowledge is wide「彼女の知識は広い」(かのじょのちしきはひろい). The nuance of '広い' often implies openness or lack of restriction, making it suitable for describing both physical spaces and intangible qualities.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

719

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Beautiful

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '美しい (うつくしい)' means 'beautiful'. It is used to describe something that is aesthetically pleasing, whether it be a person, object, scenery, or even an abstract concept like a sound or an idea. This word carries a sense of elegance and purity. For example: The scenery is beautiful「景色が美しい」(けしきがうつくしい). Her voice is beautiful「彼女の声は美しい」(かのじょのこえはうつくしい). It can also be used in a more poetic or emotional sense, such as describing a beautiful moment or feeling.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

779

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

White

Reading

Kanji

白White

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '白い (しろい)' means 'white'. It is used to describe something that is white in color. This adjective can be applied to objects, animals, or even abstract concepts. For example: the snow is white「雪は白い」(ゆきはしろい). Her dress is white「彼女のドレスは白い」(かのじょのドレスはしろい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe purity or innocence, as in '白い心 (しろいこころ) (pure heart)'. It is important to note that '白い' is often used when modifying a noun, as in '白い猫 (しろいねこ) (white cat)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

802

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Low

Reading

Kanji

低Low

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '低い (ひくい)' means 'low'. It is used to describe something that has a relatively small height, level, or position. This can refer to physical objects, such as buildings or mountains, as well as abstract concepts like volume, temperature, or status. For example: the table is low「テーブルが低い」(てーぶるがひくい). His voice is low「彼の声は低い」(かれのこえはひくい). The temperature is low today「今日は気温が低い」(きょうはきおんがひくい). This adjective is often used in comparisons, such as 'lower than' (より低い).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

807

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fun

Reading

Kanji

楽Music, Pleasure

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '楽しい (たのしい)' means 'fun' or 'enjoyable'. It is used to describe activities, events, or situations that bring joy, pleasure, or excitement. This word is commonly used in casual and formal contexts to express positive experiences. For example: The party was fun「パーティーは楽しかった」(ぱーてぃーはたのしかった). Reading books is enjoyable「本を読むのは楽しい」(ほんをよむのはたのしい). It can also be used to describe a person's feelings, as in 'I am having fun'「楽しいです」(たのしいです). Note that the past tense form is '楽しかった (たのしかった)', which is used to describe something that was fun in the past.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

852

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Happy

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'うれしい (ureshii)' means 'happy' and is used to express joy, delight, or pleasure. It is often used to describe a personal feeling of happiness in response to a specific event or situation. For example: I am happy to hear that「それを聞いてうれしい」(それをきいてうれしい). She was happy to receive a gift「彼女はプレゼントをもらってうれしかった」(かのじょはプレゼントをもらってうれしかった). This word is commonly used in casual and formal contexts alike, and it conveys a sense of genuine emotional uplift. Note that 'うれしい' is typically used for temporary or situational happiness, as opposed to long-term contentment.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

875

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Terrible

Reading

Kanji

酷Cruel, Severe

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '酷い (ひどい)' primarily means 'terrible' or 'awful'. It is used to describe something that is extremely bad, severe, or harsh. This word can be applied to situations, actions, or even weather conditions. For example: The weather is terrible today「今日の天気は酷い」(きょうのてんきはひどい). He said something terrible「彼は酷いことを言った」(かれはひどいことをいった). Additionally, '酷い' can also imply a sense of cruelty or unfairness, as in 'That was a cruel joke'「それは酷い冗談だった」(それはひどいじょうだんだった). The nuance of this word often conveys a strong negative emotion, so it is typically used in contexts where something is notably bad or distressing.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

877

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Old

Reading

Kanji

古Old

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '古い (ふるい)' means 'old'. It is used to describe something that has existed for a long time or is not new. This can refer to objects, traditions, or even ideas. For example: This book is old「この本は古い」(このほんはふるい). That temple is old「あの寺は古い」(あのてらはふるい). The word can also imply something is outdated or no longer in fashion, as in '古い考え (ふるいかんがえ) (old-fashioned idea)'. It is important to note that '古い' is used for inanimate objects or abstract concepts, while '年老いた (としおいた)' is used for living beings to describe old age.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

887

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheap

Reading

Kanji

安Cheap, Relax

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '安い (やすい)' primarily means 'cheap' or 'inexpensive'. It is used to describe something that has a low cost or price. This word can be applied to objects, services, or even abstract concepts like 'cheap feelings'. For example: This bag is cheap「このバッグは安い」(このバッグはやすい). The hotel was inexpensive「そのホテルは安かった」(そのホテルはやすかった). It can also imply something is of low quality when used in certain contexts, such as '安い笑い (やすいわらい)' meaning 'cheap laughter'. However, the primary meaning remains related to low cost.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

905

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delicious

Reading

Kanji

美Beautiful 味Flavor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '美味しい (おいしい)' means 'delicious'. It is used to describe food or drink that tastes very good. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to express enjoyment of a meal. For example: This cake is delicious「このケーキは美味しい」(このケーキはおいしい). The sushi at this restaurant is delicious「このレストランの寿司は美味しい」(このレストランのすしはおいしい). '美味しい' can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is very pleasing or enjoyable, such as a deal or opportunity.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

947

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Correct

Reading

Kanji

正Correct

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '正しい (ただしい)' means 'correct' or 'right'. It is used to describe something that is accurate, proper, or morally right. This word can be applied to facts, actions, behavior, or judgments. For example: His answer is correct「彼の答えは正しい」(かれのこたえはただしい). It is important to act in a morally right way「正しい行動をとることが大切だ」(ただしいこうどうをとることがたいせつだ). The word can also imply fairness or justice, as in '正しい社会 (ただしいしゃかい) (a just society)'. Note that '正しい' is often used in formal or serious contexts to emphasize correctness or righteousness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

948

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detailed

Reading

Kanji

詳Detailed

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '詳しい (くわしい)' means 'detailed' or 'well-informed'. It is used to describe someone who has extensive knowledge about a particular subject or something that is explained or described in great detail. For example: He is knowledgeable about history「彼は歴史に詳しい」(かれはれきしにくわしい). This report is very detailed「このレポートはとても詳しい」(このレポートはとてもくわしい). The adjective can also imply familiarity or expertise in a specific area, making it a useful term for describing both people and information.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

976

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intense, Violent

Reading

Kanji

激Violent, Fierce

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '激しい (はげしい)' primarily means 'intense' or 'violent'. It is used to describe situations, emotions, or actions that are extreme in nature. For example: The storm was intense「嵐が激しかった」(あらしがはげしかった). He has a violent temper「彼は激しい気性だ」(かれははげしいきしょうだ). This word can also describe something that is severe or fierce, such as competition or pain. For instance: The competition is fierce「競争が激しい」(きょうそうがはげしい). The pain was severe「痛みが激しかった」(いたみがはげしかった). It is important to note that '激しい' can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

992

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scary

Reading

Kanji

怖Fearful, Dreadful

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '怖い (こわい)' means 'scary' or 'frightening'. It is used to describe something that causes fear or unease. This can apply to situations, objects, or even people. For example: That movie was scary「あの映画は怖かった」(あのえいがはこわかった). I'm scared of ghosts「幽霊が怖い」(ゆうれいがこわい). The adjective can also express a sense of dread or anxiety, as in 'I'm scared of failing the test (テストに落ちるのが怖い) (テストにおちるのがこわい)'. Note that '怖い' is often used in casual conversation to describe something that is unsettling or intimidating.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1019

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Severe, Strict

Reading

Kanji

厳Severe, Strict

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '厳しい (きびしい)' can mean 'strict' or 'severe', depending on the context. When used to describe a person, it often refers to someone who is strict or demanding, such as a teacher or parent. For example: my teacher is strict「私の先生は厳しい」(わたしのせんせいはきびしい). When used to describe a situation or condition, it can mean 'severe' or 'harsh', such as in the case of weather or rules. For example: the winter is severe「冬は厳しい」(ふゆはきびしい). This adjective can also be used to describe something that is difficult or challenging, such as a test or competition. For example: the exam was tough「試験は厳しかった」(しけんはきびしかった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1044

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Painful

Reading

Kanji

辛Hard, Spicy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '辛い (つらい)' primarily means 'painful' or 'difficult'. It is often used to describe emotional or physical pain, as well as challenging situations. For example: it was a painful experience「それは辛い経験だった」(それはつらいけいけんだった). This work is difficult「この仕事は辛い」(このしごとはつらい). The word can also imply a sense of hardship or suffering, making it versatile in expressing both literal and metaphorical struggles. Note that '辛い' can also be read as 'からい' when referring to something being 'spicy', but in this context, we are focusing on the reading 'つらい'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1078

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Light

Reading

Kanji

軽Lightly

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '軽い (かるい)' primarily means 'light' in terms of weight. It can describe physical objects that are not heavy, such as a light bag「軽いバッグ」(かるいバッグ). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is not serious or significant, like a light conversation「軽い会話」(かるいかいわ). Additionally, it can describe something that is easy to do or handle, such as a light task「軽い仕事」(かるいしごと). The adjective is versatile and can be used in various contexts to convey the idea of something being light in weight, seriousness, or difficulty.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1119

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kind

Reading

Kanji

優Superior, Gentle

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '優しい (やさしい)' primarily means 'kind'. It is used to describe someone who is gentle, caring, or considerate towards others. This word can also imply a sense of softness or tenderness in character. For example: she is kind「彼女は優しい」(かのじょはやさしい). He spoke in a kind voice「彼は優しい声で話した」(かれはやさしいこえではなした). While '優しい' can sometimes be used to describe something that is easy to do or understand, this usage is less common and typically requires additional context to avoid confusion with the primary meaning of kindness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1152

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Square

Reading

Kanji

角Corner, Angle 四Four

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '四角い (しかくい)' means 'square'. It is used to describe objects or shapes that have four equal sides and four right angles, resembling a square. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is rigid or inflexible in nature. For example: This table is square「このテーブルは四角い」(このテーブルはしかくい). His way of thinking is too square「彼の考え方は四角すぎる」(かれのかんがえかたはしかくすぎる). Note that '四角い' is often used to describe physical shapes, but it can also be applied to abstract concepts to imply a lack of flexibility.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1199

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cute

Reading

Kanji

愛Love 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '可愛い (かわいい)' means 'cute'. It is commonly used to describe something or someone that is endearing, charming, or attractive in a sweet or innocent way. This word is often used to describe babies, animals, or objects that evoke a sense of affection. For example: That puppy is cute「あの子犬は可愛い」(あのこいぬはかわいい). She is very cute「彼女はとても可愛い」(かのじょはとてもかわいい). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe something that is appealing or likable, such as a cute design or a cute gesture.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1210

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heavy

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '重い (おもい)' means 'heavy'. It is used to describe something that has a significant weight or mass. This adjective can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is serious, burdensome, or difficult to handle. For example: this box is heavy「この箱は重い」(このはこはおもい). The situation is heavy「状況が重い」(じょうきょうがおもい). It can also describe a feeling of heaviness, such as in 'my heart feels heavy「心が重い」(こころがおもい)'. Note that '重い' is often used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it a versatile adjective in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1227

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange, Funny

Reading

Kanji

笑Laugh 可Possible

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '可笑しい (おかしい)' can mean both 'funny' and 'strange', depending on the context. When used to describe something as 'funny', it refers to something that is humorous or amusing. For example: That joke was funny「その冗談は可笑しかった」(そのじょうだんはおかしかった). When used to describe something as 'strange', it refers to something that is odd, unusual, or out of the ordinary. For example: His behavior is strange「彼の行動は可笑しい」(かれのこうどうはおかしい). The nuance of the word can shift based on tone and context, so it's important to pay attention to how it's used in conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1247

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Boring, Trivial

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'つまらない (つまらない)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'boring', used to describe something that lacks interest or excitement. The second is 'trivial', referring to something that is unimportant or insignificant. For example: this movie is boring「この映画はつまらない」(このえいがはつまらない). Don't worry about such trivial things「そんなつまらないことを気にしないで」(そんなつまらないことをきにしないで). The word can also carry a nuance of something being unworthy of attention or effort, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

1362

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bright, Cheerful

Reading

Kanji

明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '明るい (あかるい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'bright', referring to something that emits or reflects a lot of light, such as a room or a light source. For example: The room is bright「部屋は明るい」(へやはあかるい). The second meaning is 'cheerful', describing a person's personality or mood as lively and optimistic. For example: She is cheerful「彼女は明るい」(かのじょはあかるい). These meanings are distinct but share a common theme of positivity and light. The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or atmospheres that are uplifting or optimistic.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1380

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Painful

Reading

Kanji

痛Pain

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '痛い (いたい)' means 'painful'. It is used to describe physical pain, such as from an injury or illness, but can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional pain or embarrassment. For example: my head hurts「頭が痛い」(あたまがいたい). That comment was painful to hear「そのコメントは聞いていて痛かった」(そのコメントはきいていていたかった). Note that '痛い' can also be used colloquially to describe something that is cringeworthy or awkward, as in '痛い人 (いたいひと) (cringey person)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1394

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Red

Reading

Kanji

赤Red

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '赤い (あかい)' means 'red'. It is used to describe objects, colors, or anything that has a red hue. This adjective is commonly used in everyday conversation and can describe both physical objects and abstract concepts. For example: the apple is red「そのリンゴは赤い」(そのリンゴはあかい). The sunset is red「夕日が赤い」(ゆうひがあかい). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in '赤い糸 (あかいいと)', which refers to the 'red thread of fate' connecting two people destined to meet. Note that '赤い' is the adjective form, while '赤 (あか)' is the noun form meaning 'red'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1416

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Short

Reading

Kanji

短Short

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '短い (みじかい)' means 'short'. It is used to describe something that has a relatively small length or duration. This can apply to physical objects, time periods, or even abstract concepts like attention spans. For example: the pencil is short「その鉛筆は短い」(そのえんぴつはみじかい). The meeting was short「会議は短かった」(かいぎはみじかかった). It can also describe something brief or concise, such as a short story「短い物語」(みじかいものがたり). Note that '短い' is often used to modify nouns directly, as in '短いスカート (みじかいスカート) (short skirt)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1452

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dark, Gloomy

Reading

Kanji

暗Darkness

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '暗い (くらい)' primarily means 'dark', referring to a lack of light. It can also mean 'gloomy', describing a somber or depressing atmosphere. For example: The room is dark「部屋が暗い」(へやがくらい). His mood is gloomy「彼の気分は暗い」(かれのきぶんはくらい). This word is often used to describe physical darkness, such as a dark room or night, as well as emotional states or situations that feel heavy or depressing. Note that the second meaning is distinct and unrelated to the first, as it refers to an emotional or atmospheric quality rather than a physical one.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1532

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slow, Late

Reading

Kanji

遅Slow, Late

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '遅い (おそい)' has two distinct meanings: 'slow' and 'late'. When used to mean 'slow', it describes something that takes a long time to move, happen, or be completed. For example: This train is slow「この電車は遅い」(このでんしゃはおそい). When used to mean 'late', it refers to something occurring after the expected or usual time. For example: I am late for the meeting「会議に遅い」(かいぎにおそい). The context in which '遅い' is used will determine whether it means 'slow' or 'late'. It is important to note that this adjective can describe both physical speed and timing, depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1543

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Weak

Reading

Kanji

弱Weak

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '弱い (よわい)' means 'weak'. It is used to describe a lack of physical strength, emotional resilience, or even the intensity of something like light or flavor. For example: he is weak「彼は弱い」(かれはよわい). This tea is weak「このお茶は弱い」(このおちゃはよわい). It can also describe vulnerability or susceptibility, as in 'weak to colds'「風邪に弱い」(かぜによわい). The adjective is versatile and can be applied to both tangible and intangible concepts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1579

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Black

Reading

Kanji

黒Black

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '黒い (くろい)' means 'black'. It is used to describe something that is black in color. This adjective can be applied to objects, clothing, hair, and more. For example: the cat is black「その猫は黒い」(そのねこはくろい). She has black hair「彼女は黒い髪をしている」(かのじょはくろいかみをしている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something as dark or sinister, though this usage is less common. For instance: his heart is black「彼の心は黒い」(かれのこころはくろい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1623

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Far

Reading

Kanji

遠Far

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '遠い (とおい)' means 'far'. It is used to describe something that is physically distant or separated by a significant amount of space. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is distant in time, relationship, or likelihood. For example: The station is far「駅は遠い」(えきはとおい). That day feels far away「あの日は遠く感じる」(あのひはとおくかんじる). Note that '遠い' is often used to describe both literal and figurative distances, making it a versatile adjective in Japanese.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1642

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thin, Pale

Reading

Kanji

薄Thin, Dilute

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '薄い (うすい)' has two primary meanings: 'thin' and 'pale'. When used to mean 'thin', it describes something with little thickness or density, such as a thin book or a thin layer of paint. For example: this paper is thin「この紙は薄い」(このかみはうすい). When used to mean 'pale', it describes something with a light or faint color, such as pale skin or a pale shade of blue. For example: her dress is pale pink「彼女のドレスは薄いピンクです」(かのじょのドレスはうすいピンクです). The context will usually make it clear which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1658

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slow, Loose

Reading

Kanji

緩Easy, Loose

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '緩い (ゆるい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'loose', which is used to describe something that is not tight or firmly fixed, such as clothing or a knot. For example: these pants are loose「このズボンは緩い」(このズボンはゆるい). The second meaning is 'slow', which is used to describe something that moves or progresses at a low speed, such as a river or a pace. For example: the river flows slowly「川の流れが緩い」(かわのながれがゆるい). It's important to note that the context in which '緩い' is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1776

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bitter

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '苦い (にがい)' means 'bitter'. It is primarily used to describe a taste that is sharp, acrid, or unpleasant, often associated with certain foods, drinks, or medicines. For example: this medicine is bitter「この薬は苦い」(このくすりはにがい). The coffee tastes bitter「コーヒーが苦い」(コーヒーがにがい). Additionally, '苦い' can be used metaphorically to describe experiences or memories that are unpleasant or difficult, such as a bitter experience「苦い経験」(にがいけいけん). This adjective is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1780

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Narrow

Reading

Kanji

狭Narrow

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '狭い (せまい)' means 'narrow'. It is used to describe something that has limited width or space, such as a narrow road, a small room, or a tight space. It can also be used metaphorically to describe limited perspectives or opportunities. Example sentences: This road is narrow「この道は狭い」(このみちはせまい). The room feels narrow「部屋が狭く感じる」(へやがせまくかんじる). His views are narrow「彼の視野は狭い」(かれのしやはせまい). Note that '狭い' is often used to describe physical spaces but can extend to abstract concepts like viewpoints or options.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1781

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Salty

Reading

Kanji

塩Salt 辛Hard, Spicy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '塩辛い (しおからい)' means 'salty'. It is used to describe food or dishes that have a strong or pronounced saltiness. This word can also carry a nuance of being overly salty or having a sharp, briny taste. For example: this soup is salty「このスープは塩辛い」(このスープはしおからい). The pickles are too salty「漬物が塩辛すぎる」(つけものがしおからすぎる). Note that '塩辛い' is often used to describe food, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or emotions that feel 'sharp' or 'intense'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1793

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wonderful

Reading

Kanji

素Element 晴Clear

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '素晴らしい (すばらしい)' means 'wonderful' or 'splendid'. It is used to describe something that is exceptionally good, impressive, or excellent. This word can be applied to a wide range of situations, such as describing a beautiful view, a great performance, or an outstanding achievement. For example: The view from the mountain is wonderful「山からの眺めは素晴らしい」(やまからのながめはすばらしい). Her performance was splendid「彼女のパフォーマンスは素晴らしかった」(かのじょのパフォーマンスはすばらしかった). The word carries a positive and enthusiastic tone, often used to express admiration or high praise.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1795

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Itchy

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'かゆい (かゆい)' means 'itchy'. It is used to describe a sensation on the skin that makes you want to scratch. This word is commonly used in everyday conversations when referring to insect bites, rashes, or allergic reactions. For example: My arm is itchy「腕がかゆい」(うでがかゆい). This mosquito bite is so itchy「この蚊に刺されたところがとてもかゆい」(このかにさされたところがとてもかゆい). The adjective can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation where someone feels restless or impatient, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

1820

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

So so

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'まあまあ (まあまあ)' means 'so-so' or 'fairly'. It is used to describe something that is neither particularly good nor particularly bad, but rather average or moderate. This word is often used in casual conversations to express a neutral or lukewarm opinion. For example: The food was so-so「食べ物はまあまあだった」(たべものはまあまあだった). The movie was fairly interesting「映画はまあまあ面白かった」(えいがはまあまあおもしろかった). It can also be used to reassure someone, as in 'まあまあ、落ち着いて (まあまあ、おちついて)' meaning 'Now, now, calm down'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

1906

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rare

Reading

Kanji

珍Precious, Rare

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '珍しい (めずらしい)' means 'rare' or 'unusual'. It is used to describe something that is uncommon, not often seen, or out of the ordinary. This word can be applied to objects, events, or situations. For example: This is a rare flower「これは珍しい花です」(これはめずらしいはなです). It's rare to see him smile「彼が笑うのは珍しい」(かれがわらうのはめずらしい). The word can also carry a nuance of something being interesting or noteworthy due to its rarity. It is often used in a positive or neutral context, but can sometimes imply something is strange or unexpected.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1910

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dry, Parched

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'からから (karakara)' primarily describes something that is extremely dry or parched. It is often used to describe objects, environments, or even a person's throat when they are very thirsty. For example: the desert is dry「砂漠はからからだ」(さばくはからからだ). My throat is parched「喉がからからだ」(のどがからからだ). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that lacks moisture or vitality, such as dry humor or a dry conversation. Note that 'からから' is often used in informal contexts and carries a vivid, descriptive tone.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

1928

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lonely

Reading

Kanji

寂Quietly, Lonely

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '寂しい (さびしい)' primarily means 'lonely' or 'lonesome'. It is used to describe a feeling of sadness due to a lack of companionship or a sense of emptiness. This word can also convey a sense of desolation or melancholy, often in relation to places or situations that feel abandoned or quiet. For example: I feel lonely without you「あなたがいなくて寂しい」(あなたがいなくてさびしい). The town was lonely after everyone left「みんなが去った後、町は寂しかった」(みんながさったあと、まちはさびしかった). Note that '寂しい' can sometimes imply a nostalgic longing or a wistful feeling, adding depth to its emotional context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1939

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cold

Reading

Kanji

寒Cold

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '寒い (さむい)' means 'cold'. It is primarily used to describe weather or a physical sensation of coldness. For example: It's cold today「今日は寒い」(きょうはさむい). I feel cold「寒いです」(さむいです). This word is often used to describe the temperature of the environment or how a person feels due to low temperatures. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a situation or atmosphere that feels emotionally cold or unwelcoming, though this usage is less common. For example: The room felt cold「部屋が寒い感じがした」(へやがさむいかんじがした).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1961

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cold

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '冷たい (つめたい)' primarily means 'cold' and is used to describe something that has a low temperature, such as cold water or cold weather. It can also describe a person's attitude or behavior as being emotionally cold or distant. For example: The water is cold「水が冷たい」(みずがつめたい). She gave me a cold look「彼女は冷たい目をした」(かのじょはつめたいめをした). This word is commonly used in everyday conversations to describe both physical and emotional coldness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1962

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Empty, Rattling

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'がらがら (がらがら)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'rattling', which describes a sound made by loose objects shaking or clattering together. For example: the train made a rattling sound「電車ががらがらと音を立てた」(でんしゃががらがらとおとをたてた). The second meaning is 'empty', often used to describe a place or space that is devoid of people or things. For example: the station was empty「駅ががらがらだった」(えきががらがらだった). These two meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the word is used.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

1985

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hungry, Deferential

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ぺこぺこ (ぺこぺこ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'hungry', used to describe a state of extreme hunger. For example: I'm so hungry「お腹がぺこぺこです」(おなかがぺこぺこです). The second meaning is 'deferential', describing someone who is overly polite or submissive, often bowing repeatedly. For example: He was overly deferential to his boss「彼は上司にぺこぺこしていた」(かれはじょうしにぺこぺこしていた). These two meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the word is used.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

2003

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Terrifying

Reading

Kanji

恐Fear

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '恐ろしい (おそろしい)' primarily means 'terrifying' or 'dreadful'. It is used to describe something that evokes fear or horror, often due to its extreme nature or potential danger. This word can be applied to situations, events, or even abstract concepts. For example: The storm was terrifying「嵐は恐ろしかった」(あらしはおそろしかった). The thought of war is dreadful「戦争の考えは恐ろしい」(せんそうのかんがえはおそろしい). Additionally, '恐ろしい' can sometimes be used to express something extreme or astonishing, though this usage is less common. For instance: He is terrifyingly fast「彼は恐ろしく速い」(かれはおそろしくはやい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2090

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smelly

Reading

Kanji

臭Stinking, Bad smell

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '臭い (くさい)' means 'smelly' or 'having a bad odor'. It is used to describe something that emits an unpleasant smell. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something suspicious or fishy in a non-literal sense. For example: This cheese is smelly「このチーズは臭い」(このチーズはくさい). Something about this situation seems fishy「この状況は何か臭い」(このじょうきょうはなにかくさい). Note that '臭い' can sometimes carry a negative connotation, so it should be used carefully in conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2107

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sleepy

Reading

Kanji

眠Sleep, Sleepy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '眠い (ねむい)' means 'sleepy'. It is used to describe the feeling of wanting to sleep or being drowsy. This word is commonly used in casual conversations to express tiredness or the need for rest. For example: I'm so sleepy today「今日はとても眠い」(きょうはとてもねむい). Why are you so sleepy?「どうしてそんなに眠いの？」(どうしてそんなにねむいの？). It can also describe something that induces sleepiness, such as a boring lecture: This class makes me sleepy「この授業は眠い」(このじゅぎょうはねむい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2154

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lukewarm

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ぬるい' describes something that is lukewarm or tepid, neither hot nor cold. It is often used to describe the temperature of liquids, such as water or tea, but can also be used metaphorically to describe situations, attitudes, or efforts that are half-hearted or lacking in intensity. For example: The bathwater is lukewarm「お風呂がぬるい」(おふろがぬるい). His response was lukewarm「彼の反応はぬるかった」(かれのはんのうはぬるかった). The word can also imply a lack of strictness or rigor, as in 'The teacher's grading is too lenient'「先生の採点がぬるい」(せんせいのさいてんがぬるい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

2202

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Busy

Reading

Kanji

忙Busy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '忙しい (いそがしい)' means 'busy'. It is used to describe a state of being occupied with tasks or activities, often implying a lack of free time. This adjective can be applied to people, schedules, or periods of time. For example: I am busy today「今日は忙しい」(きょうはいそがしい). The office is busy「オフィスは忙しい」(オフィスはいそがしい). It can also convey a sense of being overwhelmed or hectic, as in '忙しい一日 (いそがしいいちにち) (a busy day)'. The nuance often includes a feeling of being pressed for time or having a lot to do.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2229

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thin

Reading

Kanji

細Slender

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '細い (ほそい)' means 'thin'. This adjective is used to describe something that has a small width or diameter, such as a thread, a person's body, or a road. It can also describe something that is narrow or slender. For example: this thread is thin「この糸は細い」(このいとはほそい). She has thin arms「彼女は腕が細い」(かのじょはうでがほそい). The road is narrow「その道は細い」(そのみちはほそい). It is important to note that '細い' is often used to describe physical attributes or objects, and it carries a neutral tone unless context suggests otherwise.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2301

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Embarrassed, Shameful

Reading

Kanji

恥Ashamed, Shame

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '恥ずかしい (はずかしい)' can mean both 'embarrassed' and 'shameful', depending on the context. When used to describe a person's feelings, it typically means 'embarrassed', as in feeling self-conscious or awkward. For example: I was embarrassed「私は恥ずかしかった」(わたしははずかしかった). When used to describe an action or situation, it can mean 'shameful', as in something that brings disgrace or dishonor. For example: That behavior is shameful「その行動は恥ずかしい」(そのこうどうははずかしい). The nuance of this word often depends on the context, so it's important to pay attention to how it's used in sentences.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2304

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exaggerated

Reading

Kanji

大Big

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '大げさ (おおげさ)' means 'exaggerated'. It is used to describe something that is overstated, overdone, or blown out of proportion. This word often carries a slightly negative nuance, implying that the exaggeration is unnecessary or excessive. For example: his reaction was exaggerated「彼の反応は大げさだった」(かれのはんのうはおおげさだった). She always makes a big deal out of small things「彼女はいつも小さなことを大げさにする」(かのじょはいつもちいさなことをおおげさにする). The word can also be used to describe actions, statements, or even gestures that are overly dramatic or theatrical.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2327

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adult

Reading

Kanji

大Big 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '大人 (おとな)' means 'adult'. It refers to someone who is fully grown or mature, both physically and mentally. This word is often used to describe behavior, responsibility, or appearance associated with adulthood. For example: He is an adult「彼は大人です」(かれはおとなです). She behaves like an adult「彼女は大人のように振る舞う」(かのじょはおとなのようにふるまう). It can also be used in contrast to children, as in '大人と子供 (おとなとこども) (adults and children)'. The word carries a nuance of maturity and responsibility, and it is often used in contexts where the distinction between childhood and adulthood is important.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2351

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sad

Reading

Kanji

悲Sad

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '悲しい (かなしい)' means 'sad'. It is used to describe a feeling of sorrow, unhappiness, or grief. This word can be applied to situations, events, or personal emotions. For example: I feel sad「私は悲しい」(わたしはかなしい). That movie was sad「その映画は悲しかった」(そのえいがはかなしかった). It can also be used to describe something that evokes sadness, such as a sad story「悲しい話」(かなしいはなし). The nuance of '悲しい' often implies a deeper, more emotional sadness compared to other words like '寂しい (さびしい)', which can mean 'lonely' or 'lonesome'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2365

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fine

Reading

Kanji

宜Right, Best regards

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '宜しい (よろしい)' means 'fine' or 'acceptable'. It is a polite and formal way to express that something is suitable, appropriate, or agreeable. This word is often used in formal situations, such as business settings or when speaking to someone of higher status. For example: Is this time fine?「この時間で宜しいですか？」(このじかんでよろしいですか？). It is also commonly used to give permission or approval, as in: It's fine to leave now「今出発して宜しいです」(いましゅっぱつしてよろしいです). Note that '宜しい' is more formal than 'いい (ii)', which also means 'good' or 'fine'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2375

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Manly

Reading

Kanji

男Man

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '男らしい (おとこらしい)' means 'manly' or 'masculine'. It is used to describe traits, behaviors, or appearances that are traditionally associated with men, such as strength, courage, or assertiveness. This word carries a positive connotation and is often used to compliment someone. For example: He is very manly「彼はとても男らしい」(かれはとてもおとこらしい). It's manly to take responsibility「責任を取るのは男らしい」(せきにんをとるのはおとこらしい). Note that this word reflects cultural expectations of masculinity and may not always align with modern perspectives on gender roles.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2384

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feminine

Reading

Kanji

女Woman

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '女らしい (おんならしい)' means 'feminine' and is used to describe qualities, behaviors, or appearances that are traditionally associated with women. It emphasizes traits such as grace, elegance, or gentleness. For example: She has a feminine way of speaking「彼女は女らしい話し方をする」(かのじょはおんならしいはなしかたをする). That dress looks very feminine「そのドレスはとても女らしい」(そのドレスはとてもおんならしい). The term can sometimes carry cultural expectations or stereotypes about gender roles, so it should be used with awareness of context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2388

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thick, Dark

Reading

Kanji

濃Thick

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '濃い (こい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'thick', which is used to describe something with a high density or viscosity, such as a liquid or a substance. For example: this soup is thick「このスープは濃い」(このスープはこい). The second meaning is 'dark', which is used to describe colors or shades that are deep or intense. For example: the color of this shirt is dark「このシャツの色は濃い」(このシャツのいろはこい). The adjective can also be used metaphorically to describe strong flavors or intense emotions. For instance: the coffee has a strong flavor「コーヒーの味が濃い」(コーヒーのあじがこい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2452

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Painful

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '苦しい (くるしい)' primarily means 'painful'. It is used to describe physical pain, emotional distress, or difficult situations. This word can also imply a sense of struggle or hardship. For example: my chest feels painful「胸が苦しい」(むねがくるしい). It was a painful decision「それは苦しい決断だった」(それはくるしいけつだんだった). In some contexts, it can also describe something that is hard to endure or tolerate, such as a tight schedule or a challenging task.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2473

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hot

Reading

Kanji

熱Heat, Temperature

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '熱い (あつい)' primarily means 'hot' in the sense of temperature. It is used to describe objects, liquids, or environments that have a high temperature. For example: The tea is hot「お茶が熱い」(おちゃがあつい). The stove is hot「ストーブが熱い」(ストーブがあつい). Additionally, '熱い' can also describe intense emotions or passion, such as in '熱い心 (あついこころ)' meaning 'a passionate heart'. However, this emotional usage is less common and typically context-dependent. When referring to weather, '暑い (あつい)' is used instead, which is a different word despite the identical pronunciation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2516

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pale

Reading

Kanji

青Blue 白White

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '青白い (あおじろい)' means 'pale'. It is often used to describe a pale or whitish color, particularly one that has a bluish tint. This adjective can be used to describe physical appearances, such as a pale face, or objects, such as pale light. For example: Her face was pale「彼女の顔は青白かった」(かのじょのかおはあおじろかった). The pale moonlight illuminated the room「青白い月明かりが部屋を照らした」(あおじろいつきあかりがへやをてらした). The word can also carry a connotation of something being eerie or ghostly due to its pale appearance.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2553

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bad

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'いけない (ikenai)' primarily means 'bad' or 'not good'. It is often used to indicate that something is wrong, undesirable, or should not be done. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone is being warned or advised against doing something. For example: it's bad to lie「嘘をつくのはいけない」(うそをつくのはいけない). You must not go there「そこへ行ってはいけない」(そこへいってはいけない). Additionally, 'いけない' can also be used to express concern or worry, as in 'it's bad if you don't eat properly「ちゃんと食べないといけない」(ちゃんとたべないといけない)'. The word is versatile and can be used in various situations to convey disapproval or caution.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

2588

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detailed, Fine

Reading

Kanji

細Slender

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '細かい (こまかい)' can mean 'fine' or 'detailed'. When used to mean 'fine', it refers to something that is small in size or granular, such as fine sand or fine print. For example: The sand on this beach is fine「このビーチの砂は細かい」(このビーチのすなはこまかい). When used to mean 'detailed', it refers to something that is meticulous or thorough, such as detailed instructions or a detailed report. For example: He gave detailed instructions「彼は細かい指示を出した」(かれはこまかいしじをだした). It's important to note that this adjective can also be used to describe someone who is overly meticulous or nitpicky, as in '細かい人 (こまかいひと) (a nitpicky person)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2609

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vulgar

Reading

Kanji

品Product 下Down

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '下品 (げひん)' means 'vulgar' or 'crude'. It is used to describe something or someone that lacks refinement, good taste, or manners. This word often carries a negative connotation and is used to criticize behavior, language, or actions that are considered inappropriate or offensive. For example: His joke was vulgar「彼のジョークは下品だった」(かれのジョークはげひんだった). That gesture is vulgar「そのジェスチャーは下品だ」(そのジェスチャーはげひんだ). The word can also be used to describe objects or art that are considered tasteless or lacking sophistication.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2615

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warm

Reading

Kanji

暖Warm

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '暖か (あたたか)' means 'warm'. It is used to describe a pleasant, moderate level of heat, often in relation to weather, temperature, or atmosphere. It can also describe a warm feeling or emotion. For example: The weather is warm today「今日は暖かいです」(きょうはあたたかいです). She has a warm heart「彼女は暖かい心を持っています」(かのじょはあたたかいこころをもっています). Note that '暖か' is often used in its adjectival form '暖かい (あたたかい)' when modifying nouns or at the end of sentences.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2642

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

New

Reading

Kanji

新New

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '新た (あらた)' means 'new' and is often used to describe something that is fresh, renewed, or different from before. It carries a nuance of starting over or beginning anew, and is commonly used in formal or literary contexts. For example: a new beginning「新たな始まり」(あらたなはじまり). They made a new plan「彼らは新たな計画を立てた」(かれらはあらたなけいかくをたてた). This word is often used to emphasize a sense of renewal or change, as opposed to simply describing something that is newly created.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2654

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thick

Reading

Kanji

太Thick, Fat

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '太い (ふとい)' primarily means 'thick'. It is used to describe something that has a large diameter or width, such as a tree trunk, a rope, or a person's body part. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a bold or thick line in art. For example: This rope is thick「このロープは太い」(このロープはふとい). He has thick arms「彼は太い腕をしている」(かれはふというでをしている). Note that '太い' can sometimes carry a negative connotation when describing a person's body, implying they are overweight, so it should be used carefully in such contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2662

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unexpected

Reading

Kanji

思Think

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '思いがけない (おもいがけない)' means 'unexpected'. It is used to describe something that happens suddenly or without warning, often surprising the person involved. This word conveys a sense of unpredictability or something that was not anticipated. For example: an unexpected gift「思いがけないプレゼント」(おもいがけないぷれぜんと). The news was completely unexpected「そのニュースはまったく思いがけないものだった」(そのにゅーすはまったくおもいがけないものだった). This adjective is often used to express surprise or astonishment at an event or situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2676

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Great, Respectable

Reading

Kanji

偉Great, Admirable

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '偉い (えらい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'great', often used to describe someone who has achieved something significant or holds a high status. For example: he is a great person「彼は偉い人だ」(かれはえらいひとだ). The second meaning is 'respectable', used to describe someone who is admirable or deserving of respect. For example: she is a respectable teacher「彼女は偉い先生だ」(かのじょはえらいせんせいだ). It can also be used sarcastically or humorously to describe someone who has done something unexpected or over-the-top. For example: you really went and did that? You're something else!「本当にやったの？偉いね！」(ほんとうにやったの？えらいね！).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2707

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Various

Reading

Kanji

様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '様々 (さまざま)' means 'various' or 'diverse'. It is used to describe a wide range of different things or situations. This word conveys the idea of variety and multiplicity. For example: there are various flowers in the garden「庭には様々な花がある」(にわにはさまざまなはながある). We discussed various topics during the meeting「会議で様々な話題を話し合った」(かいぎでさまざまなわだいをはなしあった). The adjective is often used to modify nouns directly, as in '様々な意見 (さまざまないけん) (various opinions)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2718

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Serious

Reading

Kanji

大Big 重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '重大 (じゅうだい)' means 'serious' or 'grave'. It is used to describe situations, issues, or matters that are of great importance, significance, or consequence. This word often carries a sense of urgency or weight, implying that the subject requires careful consideration or immediate attention. For example: This is a serious problem「これは重大な問題です」(これはじゅうだいなもんだいです). The accident had serious consequences「その事故は重大な結果をもたらした」(そのじこはじゅうだいなけっかをもたらした). It can also be used to describe responsibilities or decisions that are critical, as in '重大な責任 (じゅうだいなせきにん) (serious responsibility)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2733

Composition

kanji

Handwriting