言Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Hard

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ハード (はーど)' is a loanword from English, meaning 'hard'. It is often used to describe something that is physically hard or difficult. This term is commonly used in contexts related to physical objects, tasks, or challenges. For example: This bread is hard「このパンはハードだ」(このぱんははーどだ). The exam was hard「その試験はハードだった」(そのしけんははーどだった). Additionally, 'ハード' can be used in compound words like 'ハードワーク (はーどうぉーく)' meaning 'hard work'. It's important to note that while 'ハード' can describe physical hardness, it is also frequently used metaphorically to describe challenging situations or tasks.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

5437

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shallow

Reading

Kanji

浅Shallow

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '浅い (あさい)' primarily means 'shallow'. It is used to describe something that has little depth, either physically or metaphorically. For example, it can describe shallow water, as in 'The river is shallow'「川が浅い」(かわがあさい). It can also describe superficial knowledge or understanding, as in 'His knowledge is shallow'「彼の知識は浅い」(かれのちしきはあさい). Additionally, it can describe something that is not deeply rooted, such as a shallow relationship. Note that '浅い' is often used in contrast to '深い (ふかい)', which means 'deep'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5507

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intense

Reading

Kanji

凄Nifty

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '凄まじい (すさまじい)' means 'intense' or 'terrific'. It is used to describe something that is extremely powerful, severe, or impressive, often in a way that is overwhelming or awe-inspiring. This word can be used to describe natural phenomena, emotions, or actions. For example: the storm was intense「嵐が凄まじかった」(あらしがすさまじかった). His determination is intense「彼の決意は凄まじい」(かれのけついはすさまじい). It can also carry a nuance of something being fearsome or terrifying, depending on the context. For instance: the battle was fierce「戦いは凄まじかった」(たたかいはすさまじかった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5543

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Easy

Reading

Kanji

軽Lightly 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '手軽 (てがる)' means 'easy' or 'convenient'. It is used to describe something that is simple to do, requires little effort, or is not burdensome. This word often conveys a sense of lightness or lack of difficulty. For example: This recipe is easy「このレシピは手軽だ」(このレシピはてがるだ). It's easy to use「手軽に使える」(てがるにつかえる). Note that '手軽' is often used in contexts where something is quick or hassle-free, such as in describing tasks, tools, or methods.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5601

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Eagerly awaited

Reading

Kanji

待Wait 遠Far

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '待ち遠しい (まちどおしい)' conveys a sense of eager anticipation or longing for something that is expected to happen in the future. It is often used to describe feelings of excitement or impatience while waiting for a highly anticipated event, person, or thing. For example: I can't wait for the festival「祭りが待ち遠しい」(まつりがまちどおしい). The children are eagerly awaiting the summer vacation「子供たちは夏休みが待ち遠しい」(こどもたちはなつやすみがまちどおしい). This word is commonly used in contexts where the speaker is looking forward to something with great enthusiasm.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5624

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

All, Identical

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'そっくり (sokkuri)' can mean 'identical' or 'all'. When used to mean 'identical', it describes something that looks exactly like something else, often used for people or objects. For example: She looks identical to her mother「彼女は母親にそっくりだ」(かのじょはははおやにそっくりだ). When used to mean 'all', it implies that everything is included or consumed, often in the context of money or resources. For example: He spent all his money「彼はお金をそっくり使った」(かれはおかねをそっくりつかった). The nuance of 'そっくり' depends on the context, so pay attention to how it is used in sentences.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

5661

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Powerful, Reassuring

Reading

Kanji

力Power 強Strong

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '力強い (ちからづよい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'powerful', referring to physical strength or force. For example: His punch is powerful「彼のパンチは力強い」(かれのパンチはちからづよい). The second meaning is 'reassuring', referring to something that provides emotional or mental strength, such as support or encouragement. For example: Her words were reassuring「彼女の言葉は力強かった」(かのじょのことばはちからづよかった). This word is often used to describe both physical and emotional contexts, making it versatile in usage.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5668

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yellow

Reading

Kanji

黄Yellow 色Color

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '黄色い (きいろい)' means 'yellow'. It is used to describe something that has the color yellow. This adjective can be applied to objects, natural phenomena, or even abstract concepts that are associated with the color yellow. For example: The flower is yellow「その花は黄色い」(そのはなはきいろい). She is wearing a yellow dress「彼女は黄色いドレスを着ている」(かのじょはきいろいドレスをきている). Note that '黄色い' is specifically used for describing the color yellow and is distinct from the noun form '黄色 (きいろ)', which simply means 'yellow' as a color.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5806

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Vague

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ぼんやり (ぼんやり)' means 'vague' or 'unclear'. It is often used to describe something that is indistinct, hazy, or not clearly defined. This can refer to physical appearances, such as a blurry image, or abstract concepts, like vague memories or ideas. For example: The mountain looks vague in the fog「霧の中で山がぼんやり見える」(きりのなかでやまがぼんやりみえる). I have a vague memory of that day「その日の記憶がぼんやりしている」(そのひのきおくがぼんやりしている). Additionally, 'ぼんやり' can describe a person who is absent-minded or not paying attention, as in: He was staring vaguely into space「彼はぼんやりと空を見つめていた」(かれはぼんやりとそらをみつめていた).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

5864

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unbearable

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'たまらない' describes something that is so intense or overwhelming that it becomes unbearable or irresistible. It is often used to express strong emotions, desires, or sensations, both positive and negative. For example: This heat is unbearable「この暑さはたまらない」(このあつさはたまらない). I can't resist sweets「甘いものがたまらない」(あまいものがたまらない). The word can also imply a sense of being unable to hold back or control oneself due to the intensity of the feeling. It is commonly used in casual conversations and carries an emotional nuance.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

5870

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pitiful

Reading

Kanji

情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '情けない (なさけない)' primarily conveys a sense of pity, disappointment, or frustration, often directed at oneself or others due to a lack of effort, competence, or dignity. It can describe situations, actions, or people that evoke a feeling of sadness or regret. For example: his attitude is pitiful「彼の態度は情けない」(かれのたいどはなさけない). I feel pitiful for not studying harder「もっと勉強しなかった自分が情けない」(もっとべんきょうしなかったじぶんがなさけない). This word is often used in contexts where there is a sense of letdown or failure, emphasizing a lack of resolve or dignity.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5942

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dazzling

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'まぶしい' means 'dazzling' or 'blindingly bright'. It is used to describe something that is so bright that it is difficult to look at directly, such as sunlight, strong lights, or even something metaphorically dazzling like a radiant smile. For example: The sunlight is dazzling「太陽の光がまぶしい」(たいようのひかりがまぶしい). Her smile is dazzling「彼女の笑顔がまぶしい」(かのじょのえがおがまぶしい). This word can also be used to describe something that is overwhelmingly impressive or beautiful, to the point of being almost blinding in its brilliance.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

5969

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dangerous, Uncertain

Reading

Kanji

危Dangerous

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '危うい (あやうい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'dangerous', referring to something that poses a risk or threat. The second is 'uncertain', describing a situation or outcome that is not guaranteed or is precarious. This word is often used in contexts where there is a sense of instability or potential harm. For example: The bridge looks dangerous「その橋は危うい」(そのはしはあやうい). His plan seems uncertain「彼の計画は危うい」(かれのけいかくはあやうい). The nuance of '危うい' often conveys a sense of being on the edge or close to failure, making it a versatile word for describing both physical and abstract situations.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

5983

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Certain

Reading

Kanji

違Differ, Different

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '違いない (ちがいない)' means 'certain' or 'without a doubt'. It is used to express strong confidence or conviction about something being true or accurate. This phrase is often used at the end of a sentence to emphasize certainty. For example: He is definitely coming「彼は来るに違いない」(かれはくるにちがいない). This must be the right answer「これが正しい答えに違いない」(これがただしいこたえにちがいない). The nuance here is that the speaker is almost entirely sure of the statement being made.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6083

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Harmonious

Reading

Kanji

和Peace

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '和やか (なごやか)' means 'harmonious' or 'peaceful'. It describes a calm, relaxed, and friendly atmosphere or mood. This word is often used to describe social situations, environments, or interactions that are free from tension or conflict. For example: The meeting was harmonious「会議は和やかだった」(かいぎはなごやかだった). The atmosphere at the party was peaceful「パーティーの雰囲気は和やかだった」(パーティーのふんいきはなごやかだった). '和やか' can also be used to describe a person's demeanor, as in '彼は和やかな人だ (かれはなごやかなひとだ)' (He is a calm and friendly person).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6105

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Brittle, Vulnerable

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'もろい (もろい)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'brittle', referring to something that is easily broken or fragile, often used for physical objects. For example: this glass is brittle「このガラスはもろい」(このガラスはもろい). The second meaning is 'vulnerable', often used to describe emotional or mental fragility. For example: he is vulnerable to criticism「彼は批判にもろい」(かれはひはんにもろい). The word can also imply a lack of resilience or strength in a broader sense, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

6131

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Youthful

Reading

Kanji

若Young

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '若々しい (わかわかしい)' means 'youthful'. It is used to describe someone or something that appears young, fresh, or full of vitality, regardless of their actual age. This word often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing energy and liveliness. For example: She looks very youthful「彼女はとても若々しい」(かのじょはとてもわかわかしい). His attitude is youthful「彼の態度は若々しい」(かれのたいどはわかわかしい). This adjective is commonly used to compliment someone's appearance or demeanor, highlighting their youthful spirit.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6148

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reliable

Reading

Kanji

頼Ask, Trust

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '頼もしい (たのもしい)' means 'reliable' or 'dependable'. It is used to describe someone or something that can be trusted or relied upon, often implying strength, capability, or a sense of reassurance. For example: He is a reliable person「彼は頼もしい人だ」(かれはたのもしいひとだ). This team looks dependable「このチームは頼もしい」(このチームはたのもしい). The word can also carry a nuance of admiration or pride, especially when referring to someone who has grown or improved significantly. For instance: My son has become so dependable「息子が頼もしくなった」(むすこがたのもしくなった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6186

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Scarce

Reading

Kanji

乏Scanty, Scarce

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '乏しい (とぼしい)' means 'scarce' or 'lacking'. It is used to describe a situation where something is in short supply or insufficient. This can apply to physical resources, abstract qualities, or even skills. For example: The region has scarce water resources「その地域は水が乏しい」(そのちいきはみずがとぼしい). His knowledge of history is lacking「彼の歴史の知識は乏しい」(かれのれきしのちしきはとぼしい). The word often carries a nuance of insufficiency or deficiency, and it is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6204

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unique

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 特Special

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '特有 (とくゆう)' means 'unique' or 'peculiar to'. It is used to describe something that is characteristic or distinctive to a particular thing, place, or group. This adjective often implies that the characteristic is not found elsewhere or is specific to the subject being described. For example: This plant is unique to Japan「この植物は日本特有です」(このしょくぶつはにほんとくゆうです). The culture has its own unique customs「その文化には特有の習慣がある」(そのぶんかにはとくゆうのしゅうかんがある).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6231

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calm

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'のどか (nodoka)' means 'calm' or 'peaceful'. It is often used to describe a serene, tranquil, or leisurely atmosphere, such as a quiet countryside or a relaxed day. This word carries a sense of gentle, unhurried peacefulness. For example: The countryside is calm「田舎はのどかだ」(いなかはのどかだ). It was a peaceful day「のどかな一日だった」(のどかないちにちだった). Note that 'のどか' is often used to describe environments or situations rather than people or emotions directly.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

6233

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Genuine

Reading

Kanji

的Target 本Book, Origin 格Status

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '本格的 (ほんかくてき)' means 'genuine' or 'authentic'. It is used to describe something that is fully developed, serious, or done in a proper and thorough manner. This word often conveys a sense of seriousness or professionalism in the context it is used. For example: This restaurant serves genuine Italian food「このレストランは本格的なイタリア料理を出す」(このレストランはほんかくてきなイタリアりょうりをだす). He started his training in a serious manner「彼は本格的にトレーニングを始めた」(かれはほんかくてきにトレーニングをはじめた). Note that '本格的' can also imply a sense of being 'full-scale' or 'thorough', depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6246

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Comprehensive

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 面Face, Surface 的Target

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '全面的 (ぜんめんてき)' means 'comprehensive' or 'all-encompassing'. It is used to describe something that covers all aspects or is done in a thorough and complete manner. This word is often used in contexts such as support, agreement, or changes that are complete and without reservation. For example: The company gave comprehensive support to the project「会社はそのプロジェクトに全面的な支援をした」(かいしゃはそのプロジェクトにぜんめんてきなしえんをした). He fully agreed with the proposal「彼はその提案に全面的に同意した」(かれはそのていあんにぜんめんてきにどういした). It can also imply a sense of totality or completeness in actions or decisions.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6247

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Logical

Reading

Kanji

的Target 理Reason 論Theory, Argument

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '論理的 (ろんりてき)' means 'logical'. It is used to describe something that is based on clear, rational, and systematic reasoning. This term is often applied to arguments, thinking processes, or explanations that follow a coherent and well-structured line of thought. For example: His explanation was very logical「彼の説明はとても論理的だった」(かれのせつめいはとてもろんりてきだった). She has a logical way of solving problems「彼女は問題を解決する論理的な方法を持っている」(かのじょはもんだいをかいけつするろんりてきなほうほうをもっている). The adjective can also be used to describe a person who thinks logically, as in '彼は論理的な人だ (かれはろんりてきなひとだ) (He is a logical person).'

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6248

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Intellectual

Reading

Kanji

的Target 知Know

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '知的 (ちてき)' means 'intellectual' and is used to describe something or someone that is related to intelligence, knowledge, or the mind. It often carries a nuance of sophistication or being well-informed. For example: She has an intellectual appearance「彼女は知的な雰囲気を持っている」(かのじょはちてきなふんいきをもっている). This book is intellectually stimulating「この本は知的に刺激的だ」(このほんはちてきにしげきてきだ). The word is commonly used in contexts involving education, culture, or mental activities.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6249

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cultural

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 的Target 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '文化的 (ぶんかてき)' means 'cultural'. It is used to describe something related to culture, such as cultural activities, cultural heritage, or cultural differences. This term is often used in formal or academic contexts to discuss aspects of culture. For example: This event has cultural significance「このイベントは文化的に重要です」(このイベントはぶんかてきにじゅうようです). We need to respect cultural differences「文化的な違いを尊重する必要があります」(ぶんかてきなちがいをそんちょうするひつようがあります). The adjective is typically used to modify nouns, as in '文化的活動 (ぶんかてきかつどう) (cultural activities)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6252

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Masculine

Reading

Kanji

的Target 男Man 性Gender, Sex

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '男性的 (だんせいてき)' means 'masculine'. It is used to describe qualities, characteristics, or behaviors that are traditionally associated with men, such as strength, assertiveness, or physical appearance. This word can be applied to people, traits, or even objects that evoke a masculine impression. For example: He has a masculine appearance「彼は男性的な外見だ」(かれはだんせいてきながいけんだ). This design feels very masculine「このデザインはとても男性的だ」(このデザインはとてもだんせいてきだ). Note that this word is often used in a descriptive or comparative context, and it carries a neutral to positive connotation depending on the situation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6253

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fine, Unfazed

Reading

Kanji

平Flat 気Spirit

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '平気 (へいき)' can mean 'fine' or 'unfazed'. It is often used to describe a state of being calm, composed, or unaffected by a situation. For example: I'm fine「私は平気です」(わたしはへいきです). He was unfazed by the news「彼はその知らせに平気だった」(かれはそのしらせにへいきだった). This word can also imply a sense of indifference or being okay with something that might otherwise be troubling. It is commonly used in casual conversation to reassure others or to express one's own resilience.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6270

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flat

Reading

Kanji

平Flat

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '平たい (ひらたい)' means 'flat'. It is used to describe something that has a smooth, even surface without significant curves or bumps. This word can be applied to physical objects like tables, plates, or terrain, as well as abstract concepts like explanations or stories that are straightforward. For example: The table is flat「テーブルは平たい」(てーぶるはひらたい). His explanation was flat and easy to understand「彼の説明は平たくて分かりやすかった」(かれのせつめいはひらたくてわかりやすかった). Note that '平たい' can also imply simplicity or lack of complexity in non-physical contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6276

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unthinkable

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'とんでもない (tondemonai)' is used to describe something that is outrageous, unthinkable, or beyond the bounds of common sense. It can also be used to express strong denial or to downplay a compliment. For example: That's unthinkable!「とんでもない！」(とんでもない！). It's nothing special「とんでもないことじゃない」(とんでもないことじゃない). The word can also be used to describe something that is extremely unexpected or surprising, as in 'とんでもない事件 (とんでもないじけん) (an outrageous incident)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

6328

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheerful

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'にこやか (にこやか)' means 'cheerful' or 'smiling warmly'. It is used to describe someone who has a friendly, pleasant, and approachable demeanor, often characterized by a gentle or genuine smile. This word is commonly used to describe people, expressions, or atmospheres that feel welcoming and kind. For example: She greeted me with a cheerful smile「彼女はにこやかに挨拶してくれた」(かのじょはにこやかにあいさつしてくれた). The teacher's cheerful attitude made the students feel at ease「先生のにこやかな態度が生徒を安心させた」(せんせいのにこやかなたいどがせいとをあんしんさせた). Note that 'にこやか' often conveys a sense of warmth and positivity.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

6342

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Frank, Straightforward

Reading

Kanji

率Command, Proportion 直Straight, Repair

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '率直 (そっちょく)' means 'frank' or 'straightforward'. It describes someone who speaks or acts in a direct, honest, and open manner without hiding their thoughts or feelings. This word is often used to praise someone's honesty or to describe a candid conversation. For example: He gave a frank opinion「彼は率直な意見を述べた」(かれはそっちょくないけんをのべた). I appreciate your straightforward answer「あなたの率直な答えに感謝します」(あなたのそっちょくなこたえにかんしゃします). The word can also be used to describe a person's character, as in '率直な人 (そっちょくなひと) (a frank person)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6345

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Persistent

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'しつこい' (shitsukoi) primarily means 'persistent' or 'tenacious'. It can describe someone who is overly insistent or doesn't give up easily, often to the point of being annoying. It can also refer to flavors that are strong and lingering, such as rich or heavy foods. For example: He is persistent in asking questions「彼は質問をするのがしつこい」(かれはしつもんをするのがしつこい). This sauce has a strong, lingering flavor「このソースはしつこい味がする」(このソースはしつこいあじがする). The word can carry a slightly negative connotation when referring to behavior, implying that the persistence is excessive or unwelcome.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

6432

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noisy

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'やかましい (yakamashii)' primarily means 'noisy'. It is used to describe situations, places, or sounds that are loud and disruptive. Additionally, 'やかましい' can also imply being strict or fussy about rules or details, though this usage is less common. For example: The construction site is noisy「工事現場はやかましい」(こうじげんばはやかましい). My teacher is very strict about homework「先生は宿題にやかましい」(せんせいはしゅくだいにやかましい). The word can carry a slightly negative connotation, often expressing annoyance or irritation due to the noise or strictness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

6476

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Envious

Reading

Kanji

羨Jealousy, Envy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '羨ましい (うらやましい)' means 'envious'. It is used to express a feeling of envy or jealousy towards someone else's possessions, qualities, or circumstances. This word is often used in social contexts where one person has something that another person desires. For example: I am envious of your new car「あなたの新しい車が羨ましい」(あなたのあたらしいくるまがうらやましい). She is envious of her friend's success「彼女は友達の成功を羨ましいと思っている」(かのじょはともだちのせいこうをうらやましいとおもっている). It is important to note that while '羨ましい' can sometimes carry a negative connotation, it can also be used in a more light-hearted or joking manner among friends.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6508

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Miserable

Reading

Kanji

惨Cruel, Wretched

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '惨め (みじめ)' means 'miserable'. It is used to describe a state of extreme unhappiness, suffering, or pitifulness. This word often conveys a sense of deep emotional distress or a situation that evokes pity. For example: I felt miserable after failing the exam「試験に落ちて惨めだった」(しけんにおちてみじめだった). He looked miserable after losing his job「仕事を失って惨めそうだった」(しごとをうしなってみじめそうだった). The word can also describe situations or conditions that are pitiful or wretched, such as 'a miserable life' (惨めな生活, みじめなせいかつ).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6564

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Empty, Futile

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '空しい (むなしい)' can mean 'empty' or 'futile', depending on the context. When used to describe something as 'empty', it often refers to a lack of substance or meaning, such as an empty promise or an empty feeling. For example: His words felt empty「彼の言葉は空しかった」(かれのことばはむなしかった). When used to mean 'futile', it describes something that is pointless or without result. For example: All efforts were futile「全ての努力は空しかった」(すべてのどりょくはむなしかった). The nuance of this word often carries a sense of disappointment or sadness, emphasizing the lack of fulfillment or purpose.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6571

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abstract

Reading

Kanji

的Target 象Elephant, Phenomenon 抽Pluck, Extract

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '抽象的 (ちゅうしょうてき)' means 'abstract'. It is used to describe concepts, ideas, or art that are not concrete or tangible, often requiring interpretation or imagination. For example: His explanation was too abstract「彼の説明は抽象的すぎた」(かれのせつめいはちゅうしょうてきすぎた). Modern art is often abstract「現代美術は抽象的であることが多い」(げんだいびじゅつはちゅうしょうてきであることがおおい). This word is commonly used in discussions about philosophy, art, or complex ideas.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6591

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Flashy

Reading

Kanji

派Sect, Faction 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '派手 (はで)' means 'flashy' or 'showy'. It is used to describe something that is visually striking, often in a bold or extravagant way. This can refer to clothing, decorations, behavior, or even events. For example: Her dress is very flashy「彼女のドレスはとても派手だ」(かのじょのドレスはとてもはでだ). The party decorations were too showy「パーティーの飾り付けが派手すぎた」(パーティーのかざりつけがはですぎた). The word can carry both positive and negative connotations depending on the context, sometimes implying a lack of subtlety or refinement.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6609

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Careful

Reading

Kanji

意Idea 注Pour 深Deep

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '注意深い (ちゅういぶかい)' means 'careful'. It describes someone who is attentive, cautious, or meticulous in their actions or observations. This word is often used to praise someone's thoroughness or attention to detail. For example: She is a careful observer「彼女は注意深い観察者だ」(かのじょはちゅういぶかいかんさつしゃだ). He listened carefully to the instructions「彼は注意深く指示を聞いた」(かれはちゅういぶかくしじをきいた). The nuance of '注意深い' emphasizes a deliberate and thoughtful approach, often implying a high level of awareness or consideration.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6668

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Huge

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'でかい (でかい)' means 'huge' or 'very big'. It is a colloquial and somewhat informal term often used in casual conversation to emphasize the large size of something. This word carries a sense of exaggeration and is typically used for objects, animals, or even situations. For example: That dog is huge!「あの犬はでかい！」(あのいぬはでかい！). This burger is huge「このバーガーはでかい」(このバーガーはでかい). Note that 'でかい' is more emphatic and informal compared to '大きい (おおきい)', which is the standard term for 'big'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

6683

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Appropriate

Reading

Kanji

切Cut 適Suitable

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '適切 (てきせつ)' means 'appropriate' or 'suitable'. It is used to describe something that is fitting or proper for a particular situation or purpose. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts to indicate that something is well-suited or correct. For example: His response was appropriate「彼の返答は適切だった」(かれのへんとうはてきせつだった). We need to take appropriate measures「適切な対策を取る必要がある」(てきせつなたいさくをとるひつようがある). The word can also be used to describe actions, decisions, or solutions that are well-considered and fitting for the circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6714

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wasteful

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'もったいない (mottainai)' conveys a sense of regret over wastefulness or the underutilization of something valuable. It is often used to express that something is too good to be wasted or that it is a shame to discard something that still has value. This term is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, emphasizing the importance of resourcefulness and respect for objects and resources. For example: It's wasteful to throw away food「食べ物を捨てるのはもったいない」(たべものをすてるのはもったいない). This shirt is too nice to throw away「このシャツは捨てるにはもったいない」(このシャツはすてるにはもったいない). The concept of 'もったいない' extends beyond physical objects, sometimes used to express a sense of regret over missed opportunities or the underappreciation of someone's talents.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

6740

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Secret

Reading

Kanji

密Secret, Dense

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '密か (ひそか)' means 'secret' or 'hidden'. It is used to describe something that is kept private, concealed, or not openly expressed. This word often carries a nuance of something being done quietly or without drawing attention. For example: She has a secret love「彼女は密かな恋をしている」(かのじょはひそかなこいをしている). He secretly supported the project「彼は密かにプロジェクトを支援した」(かれはひそかにぷろじぇくとをしえんした). The word can also imply a sense of subtlety or discretion in actions or feelings.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6745

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Precious

Reading

Kanji

貴Precious

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '貴い (とうとい)' means 'precious' or 'valuable'. It is often used to describe something of high value, importance, or rarity, whether it be physical objects, abstract concepts, or even people. This word carries a sense of reverence or respect. For example: Time is precious「時間は貴い」(じかんはとうとい). This is a precious gift「これは貴い贈り物です」(これはとうといおくりものです). The word can also imply something noble or sacred, as in '貴い使命 (とうといしめい)' (noble mission).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6746

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sluggish

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'だるい' describes a feeling of physical or mental sluggishness, often due to fatigue, illness, or lack of energy. It can also imply a sense of heaviness or lethargy. For example: I feel sluggish today「今日はだるい」(きょうはだるい). My body feels heavy「体がだるい」(からだがだるい). This word is commonly used in casual conversations to express a lack of motivation or energy, and it can also describe a situation or task that feels tedious or tiresome.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

6759

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Historic

Reading

Kanji

史History 的Target 歴Curriculum, Continuation

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '歴史的 (れきしてき)' means 'historic'. It is used to describe something that is significant or important in history, or something that has a strong connection to historical events or periods. This word is often used to emphasize the historical importance or impact of a person, event, or object. For example: This is a historic moment「これは歴史的瞬間です」(これはれきしてきしゅんかんです). The discovery was historic「その発見は歴史的だった」(そのはっけんはれきしてきだった). Note that '歴史的' is often used in formal or academic contexts to highlight the historical significance of something.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6763

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wide, Broad

Reading

Kanji

幅Width 広Wide

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '幅広い (はばひろい)' means 'wide' or 'broad'. It is used to describe something that has a large width or a wide range. It can refer to physical objects, such as a wide road, or abstract concepts, like a broad range of knowledge. For example: This road is wide「この道は幅広い」(このみちははばひろい). He has a broad range of interests「彼は幅広い興味を持っている」(かれははばひろいきょうみをもっている). Note that '幅広い' can also imply diversity or variety, as in '幅広い選択肢 (はばひろいせんたくし) (a wide range of options)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6808

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cool

Reading

Kanji

涼Cool

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '涼しい (すずしい)' means 'cool', typically referring to a refreshing or pleasantly cool temperature, often associated with weather or a breeze. It conveys a sense of comfort and relief from heat. For example: The wind is cool today「今日は風が涼しい」(きょうはかぜがすずしい). This room feels cool「この部屋は涼しい」(このへやはすずしい). It can also describe a refreshing atmosphere or a calm, composed demeanor, as in '涼しい顔 (すずしいかお)' (a calm face).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6864

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slender

Reading

Kanji

細Slender 長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '細長い (ほそながい)' means 'slender' or 'long and thin'. It is used to describe objects, shapes, or even body parts that are elongated and narrow. For example: a slender river「細長い川」(ほそながいかわ). She has slender fingers「彼女は細長い指をしている」(かのじょはほそながいゆびをしている). This adjective is often used to describe natural features like rivers, valleys, or branches, as well as man-made objects like pencils or roads. It carries a neutral connotation and is commonly used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6889

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Apologetic

Reading

Kanji

訳Reason, Translation 申Report

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '申し訳ない (もうしわけない)' means 'apologetic' or 'feeling deeply sorry'. It is used to express sincere regret or apology, often in formal or serious situations. This phrase conveys a strong sense of responsibility and remorse. For example: I am deeply sorry for the inconvenience「ご迷惑をおかけして申し訳ありません」(ごめいわくをおかけしてもうしわけありません). I feel terrible for being late「遅れてしまって申し訳ない」(おくれてしまってもうしわけない). The phrase is often used in polite or formal contexts, and it can be intensified by adding 'ございません' (e.g., '申し訳ございません') to make it even more respectful.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6893

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Gentle

Reading

Kanji

緩Easy, Loose

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '緩やか (ゆるやか)' means 'gentle' and is used to describe something that is not steep, intense, or strict. It can refer to physical slopes, such as a gentle hill, or abstract concepts, like a relaxed pace or lenient rules. For example: The slope is gentle「その坂は緩やかだ」(そのさかはゆるやかだ). The rules are lenient「そのルールは緩やかだ」(そのルールはゆるやかだ). This word often conveys a sense of ease or moderation, making it suitable for describing things that are not extreme or harsh.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6965

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Slow, Cursed

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'のろい' has two distinct meanings depending on context. The first meaning is 'slow', referring to something or someone that moves or acts at a low speed. For example: this car is slow「この車はのろい」(このくるまはのろい). The second meaning is 'cursed', referring to something that is under a curse or has bad luck. For example: this place is cursed「この場所はのろい」(このばしょはのろい). It's important to note that the context will usually make it clear which meaning is intended, as these two meanings are unrelated.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

6972

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Abundant

Reading

Kanji

豊Plentiful

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '豊か (ゆたか)' means 'abundant' or 'rich'. It is used to describe something that is plentiful, bountiful, or full of resources. This can refer to material wealth, natural resources, or even abstract qualities like emotions or experiences. For example: This region has abundant nature「この地域は自然が豊かだ」(このちいきはしぜんがゆたかだ). She has a rich imagination「彼女は想像力が豊かだ」(かのじょはそうぞうりょくがゆたかだ). The word can also imply a sense of richness in quality or depth, such as in '豊かな人生 (ゆたかなじんせい)' (a fulfilling life).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

6974

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Careless, Sloppy

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'だらしない (darashinai)' primarily means 'sloppy' or 'careless'. It is used to describe someone or something that lacks discipline, tidiness, or attention to detail. This word often carries a negative connotation and can be used to criticize someone's appearance, behavior, or work. For example: His room is so sloppy「彼の部屋はだらしない」(かれのへやはだらしない). She is careless with her belongings「彼女は持ち物をだらしない」(かのじょはもちものをだらしない). The word can also imply a lack of self-control or moral discipline, as in: He is careless with money「彼はお金にだらしない」(かれはおかねにだらしない).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

7000

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Loose

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'だぶだぶ (だぶだぶ)' describes something that is loose or baggy, often referring to clothing that is too large for the wearer. It can also describe liquids that are sloshing around in a container. This word is onomatopoeic, conveying a sense of looseness or excess. For example: these pants are too loose「このズボンはだぶだぶだ」(このズボンはだぶだぶだ). The soup is sloshing in the bowl「スープがボウルの中でだぶだぶしている」(スープがボウルの中でだぶだぶしている). The word is often used in casual contexts and carries a slightly informal tone.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

7052

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Unique

Reading

Kanji

特Special 独Alone

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '独特 (どくとく)' means 'unique'. It is used to describe something that has a distinctive or peculiar quality that sets it apart from others. This word often carries a positive connotation, emphasizing the special or one-of-a-kind nature of something. For example: This artist has a unique style「このアーティストは独特なスタイルを持っている」(このアーティストはどくとくなスタイルをもっている). The flavor of this dish is unique「この料理の味は独特だ」(このりょうりのあじはどくとくだ). The word can also be used to describe abstract concepts, such as ideas or atmospheres, that are not easily replicated.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7073

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Romantic

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ロマンチック (romanchikku)' means 'romantic'. It is a loanword from English and is used to describe something that evokes feelings of romance, love, or idealistic beauty. This word is often used in contexts related to relationships, settings, or atmospheres that are dreamy or emotionally evocative. For example: This movie is so romantic「この映画はとてもロマンチックだ」(このえいがはとてもロマンチックだ). They had a romantic dinner「彼らはロマンチックなディナーをした」(かれらはロマンチックなディナーをした). Note that this word is typically used in a positive context and is commonly associated with Western-style romance.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

7153

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fluffy

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ふわふわ (fuwafuwa)' describes something that is soft, light, and airy, often with a fluffy or pillowy texture. It can be used to describe physical objects like pillows, clouds, or baked goods, as well as abstract feelings like a lighthearted mood. For example: This bread is fluffy「このパンはふわふわだ」(このパンはふわふわだ). She feels lighthearted today「彼女は今日ふわふわした気分だ」(かのじょはきょうふわふわしたきぶんだ). The word can also imply a sense of floating or being ungrounded, both physically and emotionally.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

7192

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Smooth

Reading

Kanji

滑Slide, Smooth

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '滑らか (なめらか)' means 'smooth'. It is used to describe something that has a smooth texture, surface, or motion. This can apply to physical objects, such as skin or fabric, as well as abstract concepts like speech or processes. For example: Her skin is smooth「彼女の肌は滑らかだ」(かのじょのはだはなめらかだ). The machine operates smoothly「その機械は滑らかに動く」(そのきかいはなめらかにうごく). The word can also imply elegance or fluidity in actions or expressions, such as smooth speech「滑らかな話し方」(なめらかではなしかた).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7195

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Careless

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ぞんざい (zonzai)' means 'careless' or 'sloppy'. It is used to describe actions, behavior, or speech that is done without proper attention or respect. It often carries a negative connotation, implying a lack of consideration or refinement. For example: His work is careless「彼の仕事はぞんざいだ」(かれのしごとはぞんざいだ). She spoke in a careless manner「彼女はぞんざいな話し方をした」(かのじょはぞんざいなはなしかたをした). The word can also describe something that is rough or crude in nature, such as 'ぞんざいな扱い (zonzai na atsukai)' (rough handling).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

7206

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Typical

Reading

Kanji

的Target 典Code, Rule 型Model, Type

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '典型的 (てんけいてき)' means 'typical'. It is used to describe something that is representative of a particular type, group, or category. This word often carries a neutral or slightly negative connotation, implying that something is predictable or lacks uniqueness. For example: That's a typical Japanese dish「それは典型的な日本料理です」(それはてんけいてきなにほんりょうりです). His reaction was typical of him「彼の反応は典型的だった」(かれのはんのうはてんけいてきだった). The adjective is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe behaviors, characteristics, or events that are considered standard or expected.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7216

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Special, Unique

Reading

Kanji

特Special 殊Special, Especially

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '特殊 (とくしゅ)' means 'special' or 'unique'. It is used to describe something that is distinct, uncommon, or out of the ordinary. This word often carries a nuance of being different from the norm or having specific characteristics that set it apart. For example: This is a special case「これは特殊なケースです」(これはとくしゅなケースです). He has a unique ability「彼は特殊な能力を持っている」(かれはとくしゅなのうりょくをもっている). Note that '特殊' is often used in formal or technical contexts, such as in science, technology, or law, to describe something that is not typical or standard.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7219

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noisy

Reading

Kanji

騒Clamor, Boisterous

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '騒々しい (そうぞうしい)' means 'noisy'. It is used to describe a situation, place, or environment that is loud, chaotic, or filled with disruptive sounds. This word often carries a negative connotation, implying that the noise is bothersome or overwhelming. For example: The street is noisy「通りが騒々しい」(とおりがそうぞうしい). The classroom became noisy「教室が騒々しくなった」(きょうしつがそうぞうしくなった). It can also describe a situation that is tumultuous or unsettled, such as 'a noisy argument'「騒々しい議論」(そうぞうしいぎろん).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7232

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thorough

Reading

Kanji

的Target 底Bottom 徹Penetrate, Go through

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '徹底的 (てっていてき)' means 'thorough'. It describes something that is done completely, meticulously, or exhaustively, leaving no room for oversight. This word is often used in contexts where precision, completeness, or intensity is emphasized. For example: He conducted a thorough investigation「彼は徹底的な調査を行った」(かれはてっていてきなちょうさをおこなった). The company implemented thorough reforms「その会社は徹底的な改革を実施した」(そのかいしゃはてっていてきなかいかくをじっしした). Note that '徹底的' is often used in formal or professional settings to emphasize the depth or completeness of an action.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7265

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dull

Reading

Kanji

鈍Blunt, Dull

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '鈍い (にぶい)' primarily means 'dull'. It can describe something that is not sharp, such as a knife, or something that is slow or sluggish, like a reaction or movement. For example: This knife is dull「このナイフは鈍い」(このナイフはにぶい). His reaction was slow「彼の反応は鈍かった」(かれのはんのうはにぶかった). The adjective can also be used metaphorically to describe a person's wit or senses as being dull or not sharp. For example: She is not quick-witted「彼女は頭の回転が鈍い」(かのじょはあたまのかいてんがにぶい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7280

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ridiculous

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ばかばかしい (ばかばかしい)' means 'ridiculous' or 'absurd'. It is used to describe something that is so foolish or nonsensical that it becomes laughable. This word often carries a tone of disbelief or exasperation. For example: That idea is ridiculous「その考えはばかばかしい」(そのかんがえはばかばかしい). It's ridiculous to think that way「そんな風に考えるのはばかばかしい」(そんなふうにかんがえるのはばかばかしい). The word can also be used to express frustration or annoyance with a situation that seems utterly pointless or illogical.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

7285

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fishy, Bloody

Reading

Kanji

生Life 臭Stinking, Bad smell

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '生臭い (なまぐさい)' has two distinct meanings. The first is 'fishy', referring to a strong smell or taste of fish, often used to describe seafood or dishes with a strong fish odor. For example: This sushi smells fishy「この寿司は生臭い」(このすしはなまぐさい). The second meaning is 'bloody', referring to something related to blood or gore, often used in a figurative sense to describe something gruesome or violent. For example: The crime scene was bloody「その犯罪現場は生臭かった」(そのはんざいげんばはなまぐさかった). The word can also carry a metaphorical nuance, implying something suspicious or unpleasant, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7306

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Troublesome

Reading

Kanji

倒Topple, Overthrow 面Face, Surface 臭Stinking, Bad smell

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '面倒臭い (めんどうくさい)' means 'troublesome' or 'a pain'. It is used to describe something that is bothersome, annoying, or requires too much effort. This word carries a slightly informal tone and is often used in casual conversation. For example: This homework is troublesome「この宿題は面倒臭い」(このしゅくだいはめんどうくさい). Dealing with that person is a pain「あの人と関わるのは面倒臭い」(あのひととかかわるのはめんどうくさい). The word combines '面倒 (めんどう)', meaning 'trouble' or 'hassle', with '臭い (くさい)', which adds a sense of unpleasantness or reluctance.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7308

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hateful

Reading

Kanji

憎Hate

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '憎らしい (にくらしい)' means 'hateful' or 'detestable'. It is used to describe someone or something that provokes feelings of dislike, annoyance, or resentment. This word often carries a sense of frustration or irritation, and it can be used in both serious and slightly playful contexts. For example: That person is so hateful「あの人は本当に憎らしい」(あのひとはほんとうににくらしい). His smug smile is detestable「彼の得意げな笑顔が憎らしい」(かれのとくいげなえがおがにくらしい). Note that while '憎らしい' can describe serious dislike, it can also be used in a lighter tone to describe something mildly irritating or annoying.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7327

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hateful

Reading

Kanji

憎Hate

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '憎い (にくい)' primarily means 'hateful' or 'detestable'. It is used to describe something or someone that evokes strong feelings of dislike or hatred. This word can be used in various contexts, such as describing a person's actions, characteristics, or even situations. For example: His behavior is hateful「彼の行動は憎い」(かれのこうどうはにくい). That person is detestable「あの人は憎い」(あのひとはにくい). Additionally, '憎い' can sometimes be used in a more nuanced or ironic way to describe something that is surprisingly impressive or admirable, often in a grudging manner. For example: That was a hatefully clever move「それは憎いほど賢い手だった」(それはにくいほどかしこいてだった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7328

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sticky

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'べたべた (betabeta)' describes something that is sticky or gooey. It is often used to describe surfaces or substances that adhere to other things, such as glue, syrup, or tape. It can also be used metaphorically to describe overly clingy behavior in relationships. For example: the floor is sticky「床がべたべたしている」(ゆかがべたべたしている). She is too clingy「彼女はべたべたしている」(かのじょはべたべたしている). The word can also imply a sense of messiness or discomfort due to the sticky nature of something.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

7329

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sleepy

Reading

Kanji

眠Sleep, Sleepy

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '眠たい (ねむたい)' means 'sleepy'. It is used to describe a strong desire or need to sleep, often due to tiredness or boredom. This word is commonly used in casual conversations to express a physical state of drowsiness. For example: I feel sleepy「眠たいです」(ねむたいです). He looks sleepy「彼は眠たそうだ」(かれはねむたそうだ). Note that '眠たい' is often used interchangeably with '眠い (ねむい)', though '眠たい' can sometimes imply a more intense or urgent feeling of sleepiness.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7350

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rare

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'まれ (mare)' means 'rare'. It is used to describe something that is uncommon, infrequent, or unusual. This word can be applied to events, occurrences, or even objects that are not often seen or experienced. For example: a rare event「まれな出来事」(まれなできごと). It is rare to see such kindness「そんな親切はまれだ」(そんなしんせつはまれだ). The word 'まれ' often carries a nuance of something being exceptional or noteworthy due to its scarcity.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

7372

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grand

Reading

Kanji

雄Male, Heroic 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '雄大 (ゆうだい)' means 'grand' or 'magnificent'. It is used to describe something that is impressively large, majestic, or awe-inspiring, often in the context of nature, landscapes, or significant events. For example: The view of the mountains was grand「山々の眺めは雄大だった」(やまやまのながめはゆうだいだった). The ceremony was magnificent「その式典は雄大だった」(そのしきてんはゆうだいだった). This word carries a sense of admiration and is often used to evoke a feeling of wonder or respect.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7382

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ugly

Reading

Kanji

醜Ugly

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '醜い (みにくい)' means 'ugly'. It is used to describe something or someone that is unattractive in appearance or behavior. This word can also be used metaphorically to describe actions or situations that are morally reprehensible or disgraceful. For example: That painting is ugly「その絵は醜い」(そのえはみにくい). His actions were ugly「彼の行動は醜かった」(かれのこうどうはみにくかった). It's important to note that this adjective can carry a strong negative connotation, so it should be used with caution.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7384

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cunning, Crafty

Reading

Kanji

悪Evil 賢Wise, Clever

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '悪賢い (わるがしこい)' describes someone or something that is cunning or crafty, often implying a cleverness used for deceitful or selfish purposes. It carries a negative connotation, suggesting slyness or trickery. For example: He is a cunning fox「彼は悪賢い狐だ」(かれはわるがしこいきつねだ). She gave a crafty smile「彼女は悪賢い笑みを浮かべた」(かのじょはわるがしこいえみをうかべた). This word is typically used to describe people or animals that exhibit clever but morally questionable behavior.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7385

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Humid, Muggy

Reading

Kanji

蒸Steam 暑Hot

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '蒸し暑い (むしあつい)' describes weather that is both hot and humid, often making it feel uncomfortable or oppressive. It is commonly used during the summer months in Japan when the combination of heat and humidity is particularly intense. For example: today is so humid「今日は蒸し暑い」(きょうはむしあつい). The room feels muggy「部屋が蒸し暑い」(へやがむしあつい). This word captures the sticky, sweaty feeling associated with such weather conditions.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7395

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ridiculous

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese adjective 'ばからしい (ばからしい)' means 'ridiculous' or 'absurd'. It is often used to express frustration or disbelief about something that seems illogical, pointless, or nonsensical. This word carries a negative connotation and is typically used in informal contexts. For example: That idea is ridiculous「そのアイデアはばからしい」(そのアイデアはばからしい). It's ridiculous to argue about such a small thing「そんな小さなことで争うのはばからしい」(そんなちいさなことであらそうのはばからしい). Note that 'ばからしい' can also imply a sense of foolishness or stupidity in the situation being described.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Frequency

7433

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Showy

Reading

Kanji

華China, Splendor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '華やか (はなやか)' means 'showy' or 'gorgeous'. It is used to describe something that is visually striking, vibrant, or splendid, often in a way that attracts attention. This word is commonly used to describe events, decorations, or appearances that are lively and colorful. For example: The party was showy「そのパーティーは華やかだった」(そのパーティーははなやかだった). Her dress is gorgeous「彼女のドレスは華やかだ」(かのじょのドレスははなやかだ). The festival was vibrant and lively「その祭りは華やかで活気があった」(そのまつりははなやかでかっきがあった).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7438

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheerful

Reading

Kanji

朗Clear, Cheerful

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '朗らか (ほがらか)' means 'cheerful' or 'bright'. It is used to describe someone who has a cheerful and optimistic personality, or a situation that feels lighthearted and pleasant. This word often conveys a sense of openness and positivity. For example: She has a cheerful personality「彼女は朗らかな性格です」(かのじょはほがらかなせいかくです). The atmosphere at the party was cheerful「パーティーの雰囲気は朗らかでした」(パーティーのふんいきはほがらかでした). Note that '朗らか' is often used to describe people or moods rather than objects.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

7441

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting