Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'つ (tsu)' is a traditional counter used for counting objects, items, or things in general. It is one of the most versatile counters in Japanese and can be used when the specific counter for an item is unknown or when counting abstract or miscellaneous items. It is typically used for numbers 1 through 9, after which other counters or generic terms are used. For example: one thing「一つ」(ひとつ), two things「二つ」(ふたつ), three things「三つ」(みっつ). Note that this counter is informal and often replaced by more specific counters in formal contexts. Example sentences: I have three apples「りんごを三つ持っています」(りんごをみっつもっています). There are five books on the table「テーブルの上に本が五つあります」(テーブルのうえにほんがいつつあります).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

22

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honorific

Reading

Kanji

様Way, Form

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '様 (さま)' is an honorific used to show respect or politeness towards someone. It is more formal than the common suffix 'さん' and is often used in formal settings, business contexts, or when addressing someone of higher status. For example: Thank you, Mr. Tanaka「田中様、ありがとうございます」(たなかさま、ありがとうございます). This is for the customer「お客様へのものです」(おきゃくさまへのものです). It can also be used in written correspondence or on packages to show respect. While it is most commonly attached to names, it can also be used with titles or roles, such as 'お客様 (おきゃくさま)' (honored guest/customer).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

54

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Like

Reading

Kanji

的Target

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '的 (てき)' is used to turn nouns into adjectives, giving the meaning of 'like' or 'related to'. It is often used to describe something that has the characteristics or qualities of the noun it is attached to. For example: scientific「科学的」(かがくてき). This suffix is very versatile and can be used with a wide range of nouns to create new adjectives. Another example: romantic「ロマンチック的」(ロマンチックてき). It's important to note that '的' is not used alone as a word but always as a suffix attached to a noun.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

60

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mr, Ms

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'さん (san)' is a polite and commonly used honorific title added to a person's name or title to show respect. It is gender-neutral and can be used for both men and women. It is appropriate in most social situations, whether formal or informal. For example: Mr. Tanaka「田中さん」(たなかさん). Ms. Yamada「山田さん」(やまださん). It can also be used with occupations, such as 'teacher' (先生, せんせい) becoming 'teacher-san' (先生さん, せんせいさん). However, it is not used with one's own name or when referring to oneself. The nuance of 'さん' conveys politeness and social distance, making it a safe choice in most interactions.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

71

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plural

Reading

Kanji

達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '達 (たち)' is used to indicate plurality or a group of people. It is commonly attached to nouns referring to people, such as names, pronouns, or titles, to denote a collective. For example: the children「子供達」(こどもたち). my friends「私達の友達」(わたしたちのともだち). It is important to note that '達' is not used for non-human objects or animals. The nuance is more about grouping or collectivity rather than strict grammatical plurality. This suffix is often used in formal or polite contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

78

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Etc

Reading

Kanji

等Equal

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '等 (とう)' is used to indicate a list of items or examples, similar to 'etc.' or 'and so on' in English. It is often attached to nouns to imply that there are additional, unspecified items in the same category. For example: fruits like apples, oranges, etc.「りんご、オレンジ等の果物」(りんご、オレンジとうのかぶつ). books, pens, etc.「本、ペン等」(ほん、ペンとう). This suffix is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to avoid listing every single item explicitly. It is important to note that '等' can also be read as 'など' in some contexts, but 'とう' is the more formal reading.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

85

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Degree

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'さ (sa)' is used to turn adjectives into nouns, indicating the degree or extent of the adjective's quality. It is often used to express how much of a certain quality something has. For example: the height of the mountain「山の高さ」(やまのたかさ). The depth of the ocean「海の深さ」(うみのふかさ). This suffix is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese to quantify or emphasize the intensity of a characteristic.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

100

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change

Reading

Kanji

化Change

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '化 (か)' is used to indicate a transformation, change, or conversion into a certain state or condition. It is often attached to nouns to form new nouns or verbs, signifying the process of becoming or making something into the state described by the root word. For example: modernization「近代化」(きんだいか). urbanization「都市化」(としか). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as in the word simplification「簡素化」(かんそか). This suffix is versatile and widely used in both technical and everyday language to describe processes of change.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

142

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Years old

Reading

Kanji

歳Year, Years old

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '歳 (さい)' is used to indicate age, specifically meaning 'years old'. It is attached to numbers to express someone's age. For example: I am 20 years old「私は20歳です」(わたしはにじゅっさいです). He is 5 years old「彼は5歳です」(かれはごさいです). This suffix is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts when discussing age. It is important to note that the pronunciation of '歳' can change depending on the number it follows, such as 'いっさい' for 1 year old, 'はたち' for 20 years old, and 'さい' for most other numbers.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

187

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Typical

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'らしい (rashii)' is used to indicate that something or someone is typical, characteristic, or representative of a certain quality or role. It conveys the idea that the subject embodies the expected traits or behaviors associated with it. For example: she is a typical teacher「彼女は先生らしい」(かのじょはせんせいらしい). This is a typical Japanese dish「これは日本らしい料理だ」(これはにほんらしいりょうりだ). The suffix can also imply hearsay or conjecture, but in this context, it primarily emphasizes the typical nature of the subject.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

228

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Generation

Reading

Kanji

代Substitute, Era

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '代 (だい)' is used to indicate a generation or era. It is commonly attached to numbers or names to specify a particular generation or time period. For example: the 80s generation「80代」(はちじゅうだい). The Heisei era「平成代」(へいせいだい). This suffix can also be used to refer to a person's age group, such as '20代 (にじゅうだい)' meaning 'in one's 20s'. It is important to note that '代' can also mean 'price' or 'cost' in other contexts, but this is a separate and unrelated meaning.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

255

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Club

Reading

Kanji

部Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '部 (ぶ)' is commonly used to denote a club, group, or department, particularly in schools or organizations. It is attached to a noun to specify the type of club or department. For example: tennis club「テニス部」(てにすぶ). This suffix is widely used in educational settings to refer to extracurricular activities. Another example: music club「音楽部」(おんがくぶ). It can also refer to departments within a company, such as sales department「営業部」(えいぎょうぶ). The suffix is versatile and context-dependent, but it consistently refers to a group or division with a specific focus.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

270

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Times

Reading

Kanji

回Revolve, Times

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '回 (かい)' is used to indicate the number of times an action occurs. It is commonly attached to numbers to express frequency or repetition. For example: three times「三回」(さんかい). I have been to Japan twice「日本に二回行ったことがある」(にほんにかいあったことがある). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to denote occurrences, such as in sports, events, or daily activities. It is important to note that '回' is often used in combination with verbs to specify how many times an action has been performed.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

286

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Writing

Reading

Kanji

書Write

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '書 (しょ)' means 'writing' or 'document'. It is commonly used as a suffix in compound words to indicate something related to writing, documents, or books. For example: a letter「手紙」(てがみ) becomes 'a written letter' when combined as「手紙書」(てがみしょ). Another example: a guidebook「案内書」(あんないしょ). This suffix is often attached to nouns to specify that the noun is a written or documented form of something. Example sentences: This is a guidebook for tourists「これは観光客のための案内書です」(これはかんこうきゃくのためのあんないしょです). Please submit the application form「申込書を提出してください」(もうしこみしょをていしゅつしてください).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

295

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Affectionate

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'ちゃん (chan)' is an affectionate and informal honorific used to express endearment, closeness, or familiarity. It is commonly attached to names, particularly for children, close friends, pets, or loved ones. For example: my little sister「妹ちゃん」(いもうとちゃん). This suffix conveys warmth and tenderness, and it is often used in casual or intimate settings. Note that it is not appropriate in formal contexts or when addressing superiors. Another example: cute puppy「ワンちゃん」(わんちゃん).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

351

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Right

Reading

Kanji

権Rights, Authority

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '権 (けん)' means 'right' or 'authority'. It is commonly used in compound words to denote legal, social, or moral rights, as well as authority or power. For example: human rights「人権」(じんけん), voting rights「選挙権」(せんきょけん), or authority「権力」(けんりょく). This suffix is often attached to nouns to create terms related to rights or authority. Example sentences: He has the right to vote「彼には選挙権がある」(かれにはせんきょけんがある). The government has authority「政府には権力がある」(せいふにはけんりょくがある).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

362

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Head, Chief

Reading

Kanji

長Long, Leader

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '長 (ちょう)' is used to denote a person in a position of leadership or authority, such as a chief, head, or director. It is commonly attached to nouns to form titles or roles. For example: company president「社長」(しゃちょう). school principal「校長」(こうちょう). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to indicate someone who is in charge of a group, organization, or institution. It is important to note that '長 (ちょう)' is a suffix and not a standalone word, so it always appears attached to another noun.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

377

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hall

Reading

Kanji

館Building

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '館 (かん)' is commonly used to denote a building or facility dedicated to a specific purpose. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe the type of building or establishment. For example: library「図書館」(としょかん), museum「博物館」(はくぶつかん), gym「体育館」(たいいくかん). This suffix is widely used in names of public and private buildings, indicating their function or the activities that take place there.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

394

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Easy

Reading

Kanji

易Easy

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '易い (やすい)' is attached to the stem of verbs to indicate that something is easy to do. It conveys the idea that the action described by the verb is simple or effortless. For example: This book is easy to read「この本は読み易い」(このほんはよみやすい). This problem is easy to solve「この問題は解き易い」(このもんだいはときやすい). Note that '易い' is often written in hiragana as 'やすい' when used as a suffix. It is important to distinguish this from the adjective '安い (やすい)', which means 'cheap'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

404

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Machine

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '機 (き)' is used to denote a machine or device. It is commonly attached to nouns to specify a type of machine or tool. For example: washing machine「洗濯機」(せんたくき), airplane「飛行機」(ひこうき), and computer「計算機」(けいさんき). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to refer to mechanical or electronic devices. It is important to note that '機' can also appear in compound words where it might not be immediately recognizable as a suffix, but still carries the meaning related to machinery or devices.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

405

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Months

Reading

Kanji

箇Item, Counter for articles 月Moon, Month

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '箇月 (かげつ)' is used to indicate a period of time in months. It is often attached to a number to specify how many months. For example: three months「三箇月」(さんかげつ). This suffix is commonly used in formal or written contexts, such as contracts, schedules, or official documents. It is important to note that '箇月' is more formal than the more commonly used 'ヶ月 (かげつ)', which serves the same purpose but is less formal. Example sentences: The project will take two months「このプロジェクトは二箇月かかります」(このプロジェクトはにかげつかかります). I have been studying Japanese for six months「私は日本語を六箇月勉強しています」(わたしはにほんごをろっかげつべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

418

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Company

Reading

Kanji

社Company

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '社 (しゃ)' is commonly used to denote a company or corporation. It is typically attached to the name of a company, such as in '株式会社 (かぶしきがいしゃ)' which means 'stock company' or 'limited company'. This suffix is widely used in business contexts and is an essential part of many company names. For example: I work for Toyota Motor Corporation「私はトヨタ自動車株式会社で働いています」(わたしはとよたじどうしゃかぶしきがいしゃではたらいています). Sony Corporation is a famous company「ソニー株式会社は有名な会社です」(そにーかぶしきがいしゃはゆうめいなかいしゃです). The suffix '社' can also be used in other contexts to refer to organizations or societies, but its primary usage is in the context of businesses.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

424

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Number, Edition

Reading

Kanji

号Number

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '号 (ごう)' is commonly used to denote a number or edition. It can be attached to numbers to indicate a specific issue, version, or model, such as in train numbers, magazine issues, or ship names. For example: This is the 3rd edition「これは3号です」(これはさんごうです). The train is number 12「その電車は12号です」(そのでんしゃはじゅうにごうです). It can also be used in names of ships or vehicles, like 'Yamato号 (やまとごう)', meaning 'Yamato ship'. The suffix is versatile and context-dependent, often indicating a specific instance within a series.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

461

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Person, Shop

Reading

Kanji

屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '屋 (や)' has two primary meanings. First, it is commonly used to denote a shop or store that sells a specific type of goods. For example: a bookstore「本屋」(ほんや). Second, it can also refer to a person who is associated with a particular trait, profession, or characteristic. For example: a hard worker「働き屋」(はたらきや). The suffix is versatile and widely used in everyday language. Example sentences: I bought this at the flower shop「これを花屋で買いました」(これをはなやでかいました). He is a real workaholic「彼は本当の働き屋です」(かれはほんとうのはたらきやです).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

470

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Member

Reading

Kanji

員Member

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '員 (いん)' is used to denote a member or a person associated with a particular group, organization, or role. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate someone's affiliation or position. For example: company employee「会社員」(かいしゃいん). staff member「職員」(しょくいん). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to specify a person's role within a group or organization.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

488

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Period

Reading

Kanji

期Time, Period

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '期 (き)' is used to denote a specific period, phase, or stage. It is often attached to nouns to indicate a time frame or a particular stage in a process. For example: the rainy season「梅雨期」(つゆき). The growth period「成長期」(せいちょうき). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to seasons, development, or historical periods. It is important to note that '期' is not used alone but always as a suffix attached to another noun to specify the period or phase being referred to.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

501

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

System, Type

Reading

Kanji

系Lineage

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '系 (けい)' can mean 'system' or 'type', depending on the context. When used to mean 'system', it refers to a group of interconnected elements or a structured method. For example: the solar system「太陽系」(たいようけい). When used to mean 'type', it categorizes things based on shared characteristics. For example: blood type「血液型」(けつえきがた) is sometimes referred to as '血液系' in informal contexts. This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words, and its meaning can vary slightly depending on the word it is attached to.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

524

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difficult

Reading

Kanji

難Difficult

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '難い (がたい)' is used to express that something is difficult or hard to do. It is often attached to the stem of verbs to convey that the action is challenging or nearly impossible to achieve. This suffix carries a nuance of something being not just difficult, but also rare or unlikely. For example: it's hard to believe「信じがたい」(しんじがたい). It's difficult to refuse「断りがたい」(ことわりがたい). Note that '難い (がたい)' is typically used in written or formal contexts, and it is less common in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

591

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Room

Reading

Kanji

室Room

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '室 (しつ)' means 'room' and is commonly used to denote a specific type of room or space. It is often attached to other words to describe the purpose or function of the room. For example: a classroom is called '教室 (きょうしつ)' and a living room is called '居間 (いま)' or 'リビングルーム (りびんぐるーむ)'. Example sentences: The meeting room is on the second floor「会議室は二階にあります」(かいぎしつはにかいにあります). The music room is quiet「音楽室は静かです」(おんがくしつはしずかです). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to specify different types of rooms.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

628

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Official

Reading

Kanji

官Government, Bureaucrat

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '官 (かん)' refers to an official or a person holding a government position. It is commonly used in titles or roles related to public service or administration. For example: a government official「政府の官」(せいふのかん). This suffix is often attached to nouns to denote a specific type of official, such as '警察官 (けいさつかん)' (police officer) or '外交官 (がいこうかん)' (diplomat). It is important to note that '官' is typically used in formal contexts and is not used in everyday conversation unless referring to specific roles or titles.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

631

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expert

Reading

Kanji

士Samurai

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '士 (し)' is used to denote a person who is an expert or professional in a particular field. It is often attached to nouns to form words that describe someone's profession or status. For example: a lawyer「弁護士」(べんごし). A nurse「看護士」(かんごし). This suffix is commonly used in professional titles and can be found in various contexts, such as in job titles or certifications. It is important to note that '士' can also be used in other contexts, but its primary meaning as a suffix is to indicate expertise or professional status.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

652

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Meter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'メートル (めーとる)' is a loanword from the English 'meter', used to denote the unit of length in the metric system. It is commonly appended to numbers to indicate measurements in meters. For example: The pool is 25 meters long「プールは25メートルです」(ぷーるは25めーとるです). The tree is 10 meters tall「その木は10メートルです」(そのきは10めーとるです). This suffix is widely used in contexts involving measurement, such as in construction, sports, and everyday descriptions of distance or height.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

689

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Institution

Reading

Kanji

院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '院 (いん)' is commonly used to denote institutions, particularly those related to healthcare, education, or religious establishments. It is often attached to nouns to specify the type of institution. For example: hospital「病院」(びょういん), temple「寺院」(じいん), or graduate school「大学院」(だいがくいん). This suffix is neutral in tone and is widely used in formal contexts. Example sentences: She works at a hospital「彼女は病院で働いています」(かのじょはびょういんではたらいています). He studies at a graduate school「彼は大学院で勉強しています」(かれはだいがくいんでべんきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

703

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

枚Flat, Counter

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '枚 (まい)' is a counter used for flat, thin objects such as sheets of paper, plates, or shirts. It is one of the many counters in Japanese, each used for specific types of objects. For example: two sheets of paper「紙が二枚あります」(かみがにまいあります). I bought three shirts「シャツを三枚買いました」(シャツをさんまいかいました). This counter is essential for quantifying items in daily conversation and is often paired with numbers to indicate quantity.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

710

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Industry

Reading

Kanji

業Business

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '業 (ぎょう)' is used to denote a type of industry, business, or profession. It is commonly attached to nouns to specify a particular field or sector. For example: the manufacturing industry「製造業」(せいぞうぎょう). The service industry「サービス業」(サービスぎょう). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to describe different types of work or business sectors.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

712

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ministry

Reading

Kanji

省Ministry, Conserve

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '省 (しょう)' refers to a government ministry or department. It is commonly used in the names of various ministries in Japan, such as '外務省 (がいむしょう)' (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) or '財務省 (ざいむしょう)' (Ministry of Finance). This suffix is attached to the name of the specific area of governance to denote the corresponding ministry. For example: Ministry of Education「文部科学省」(もんぶかがくしょう). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare「厚生労働省」(こうせいろうどうしょう). The term is formal and is used in official contexts to refer to government bodies.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

714

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fee

Reading

Kanji

料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '料 (りょう)' is commonly used to indicate a fee, charge, or cost associated with a service or product. It is often attached to nouns to specify what the fee is for. For example: entrance fee「入場料」(にゅうじょうりょう), tuition fee「授業料」(じゅぎょうりょう), or service charge「サービス料」(サービスりょう). This suffix is widely used in contexts related to payments, services, and transactions. It is important to note that '料' is not used alone as a standalone word but always as part of a compound noun.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

730

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Faction

Reading

Kanji

派Sect, Faction

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '派 (は)' is used to denote a group, faction, or school of thought. It is often attached to nouns to indicate affiliation or alignment with a particular group or ideology. For example: He belongs to the conservative faction「彼は保守派です」(かれはほしゅはです). She is part of the reformist group「彼女は改革派です」(かのじょはかいかくはです). This suffix is commonly used in political, artistic, or ideological contexts to describe someone's affiliation or stance.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

775

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

個Individual

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '個 (こ)' is a counter used for small, compact, or individual items. It is one of the most common counters in Japanese and is used for objects like fruits, eggs, stones, or other small, discrete items. For example: three apples「りんご三個」(りんごさんこ). two eggs「卵二個」(たまごにこ). It is important to note that '個' is often used when the exact shape or type of the object is not specified, making it a versatile counter. However, for specific items like books or cars, other counters like '冊 (さつ)' or '台 (だい)' are more appropriate.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

781

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expense

Reading

Kanji

費Expense

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '費 (ひ)' means 'expense' or 'cost'. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate the cost or expenditure related to that noun. For example, '生活費 (せいかつひ)' means 'living expenses', and '交通費 (こうつうひ)' means 'transportation costs'. This suffix is often used in formal or financial contexts. Example sentences: The company covers transportation costs「会社が交通費を負担する」(かいしゃがこうつうひをふたんする). Living expenses are high in Tokyo「東京では生活費が高い」(とうきょうではせいかつひがたかい).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

803

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Floor

Reading

Kanji

階Storey

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '階 (かい)' is used to indicate the floor or level of a building. It is commonly attached to numbers to specify which floor something is on. For example: second floor「二階」(にかい). This suffix is essential for giving directions or describing locations within multi-story buildings. It is important to note that '階' is always used in combination with a number or counter, and it cannot stand alone to mean 'floor'. Additional examples include: third floor「三階」(さんかい), first floor「一階」(いっかい).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

846

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

System

Reading

Kanji

制System, Control

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '制 (せい)' is used to denote a system, rule, or regulation. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe specific systems or frameworks. For example: the education system「教育制」(きょういくせい). The reservation system「予約制」(よやくせい). This suffix is commonly used in formal or technical contexts to describe organized structures or methods. It is important to note that '制 (せい)' is not used independently but always as part of a compound word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

908

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Squad

Reading

Kanji

隊Squad

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '隊 (たい)' is used to denote a group, team, or squad, often with a specific purpose or function. It is commonly attached to nouns to form words that describe organized groups, such as military units, task forces, or specialized teams. For example: a rescue squad「救助隊」(きゅうじょたい). A fire brigade「消防隊」(しょうぼうたい). This suffix is frequently used in contexts involving organized efforts, such as emergency services, military, or even fan groups. It carries a sense of collective action and purpose.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

961

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lord

Reading

Kanji

殿Palace, Formal honorific title

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '殿 (との)' is a formal and respectful title used to address or refer to someone of high status, such as a lord, master, or superior. It is often used in historical contexts or in formal writing, such as letters or official documents. For example: addressing a lord「殿、お願いがあります」(との、おねがいがあります). In modern usage, it is less common but can still be found in certain formal or ceremonial contexts. It is important to note that this suffix conveys a high level of respect and should be used appropriately.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

974

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Every

Reading

Kanji

毎Every

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '毎 (ごと)' is used to indicate 'every' or 'each' in relation to time, frequency, or repetition. It is commonly attached to nouns to express regularity or intervals. For example: every day「毎日」(まいにち), every year「毎年」(まいとし), every time「毎回」(まいかい). This suffix is versatile and can be used with various time-related nouns to convey the idea of something happening consistently or repeatedly. Note that '毎' is often written in kanji but pronounced as 'ごと' when used as a suffix.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

978

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Department

Reading

Kanji

科Section, Department

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '科 (か)' is commonly used to denote a department, division, or field of study, particularly in academic, medical, or organizational contexts. It often follows a specific area of expertise or subject, such as in '医学部 (いがくぶ)' (medical department) or '理科 (りか)' (science). For example: She works in the dermatology department「彼女は皮膚科で働いています」(かのじょはひふかではたらいています). The biology department is on the third floor「生物学の科は三階にあります」(せいぶつがくのかはさんがいにあります). This suffix is also used in medical fields to specify a specialty, such as '眼科 (がんか)' (ophthalmology).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

984

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

History

Reading

Kanji

史History

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '史 (し)' means 'history'. It is often used as a suffix in compound words to denote a field or study related to history. For example: Japanese history「日本史」(にほんし). World history「世界史」(せかいし). This suffix is commonly used in academic contexts and is attached to nouns to form terms that refer to the history of a specific subject, place, or era. It is important to note that '史' is not used as a standalone word but rather as a part of compound words.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1016

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Week

Reading

Kanji

週Week 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '週間 (しゅうかん)' means 'week' and is used to indicate a period of time lasting seven days. It is commonly attached to numbers or other words to specify a duration in weeks. For example: two weeks「二週間」(にしゅうかん). This suffix is often used in contexts like schedules, events, or time frames. For instance: the festival lasts for three weeks「祭りは三週間続きます」(まつりはさんしゅうかんつづきます). It is important to note that '週間' is a noun and is typically used in combination with other words to form compound nouns.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1031

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mutual

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '相 (あい)' is used to indicate mutual or reciprocal actions, relationships, or states. It is often attached to nouns or verbs to convey a sense of shared or joint involvement. For example: mutual love「相愛」(あいあい). mutual understanding「相互理解」(そうごりかい). It can also be used in compound words to express a sense of togetherness or collaboration, such as in '相助 (あいじょ) (mutual assistance)' or '相乗り (あいのり) (carpooling)'. This suffix is commonly used in formal or literary contexts and adds a nuanced layer of reciprocity to the base word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1054

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Show

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'がる (garu)' is attached to adjectives or adjectival nouns to indicate that someone is showing or displaying a certain feeling or state. It is often used to describe observable behavior or reactions that suggest an emotion or condition. For example: he seems happy「彼は嬉しがっている」(かれはうれしがっている). The child appears scared「その子は怖がっている」(そのこはこわがっている). Note that 'がる' is typically used in the third person to describe others' emotions or states, rather than one's own.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

1067

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disease

Reading

Kanji

病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '病 (びょう)' means 'disease' or 'illness'. It is commonly attached to nouns to describe specific diseases or conditions. For example: heart disease「心臓病」(しんぞうびょう), mental illness「精神病」(せいしんびょう). This suffix is also used metaphorically to describe obsessive behaviors or conditions, such as 'otaku disease'「オタク病」(おたくびょう), referring to an extreme obsession with anime or manga. The suffix is neutral in tone but can carry a negative connotation depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1126

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disorder

Reading

Kanji

症Symptom

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '症 (しょう)' is used to denote a medical condition, disorder, or syndrome. It is commonly attached to words to specify a particular ailment or health issue. For example: anxiety disorder「不安症」(ふあんしょう). This suffix is often used in medical contexts and can be found in terms describing both physical and psychological conditions. Another example: obsessive-compulsive disorder「強迫症」(きょうはくしょう). It's important to note that '症' is not used alone but as part of a compound word to describe specific disorders.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1150

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Religion

Reading

Kanji

教Teach

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '教 (きょう)' means 'religion' or 'teaching'. It is commonly used as a suffix to denote a specific religion or system of belief. For example: Christianity「キリスト教」(きりすときょう), Buddhism「仏教」(ぶっきょう), or Confucianism「儒教」(じゅきょう). This suffix is attached to the name or root of the religion to form the word. It is important to note that '教' can also appear in other contexts, such as '教育 (きょういく)' meaning 'education', but as a standalone suffix, it primarily refers to religious teachings or systems.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1158

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Duke

Reading

Kanji

公Public

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '公 (こう)' refers to a title of nobility, specifically 'duke'. It is used in historical and formal contexts to denote a high-ranking nobleman. For example: The Duke of Wellington「ウェリントン公」(うぇりんとんこう). This suffix is often attached to names or titles to indicate the person's noble rank. It is important to note that '公' can also be part of compound words related to public or official matters, but in this context, it specifically refers to the noble title.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1226

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attached

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '付き (つき)' means 'attached' or 'included'. It is used to indicate that something comes with or is attached to something else. This suffix is often used in contexts like facilities, services, or features that are included with a product or place. For example: a room with a bathroom attached「バスルーム付きの部屋」(バスルームつきのへや). A meal with dessert included「デザート付きの食事」(デザートつきのしょくじ). It can also imply a sense of accompaniment or association, such as in 'guide attached'「ガイド付き」(ガイドつき). Note that '付き' is often written in hiragana when used as a suffix, but it can also appear as part of compound words written in kanji, such as '手付き (てつき)' (hand movements).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1259

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

View

Reading

Kanji

観View

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '観 (かん)' is used to express a perspective, view, or way of thinking about something. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe a particular outlook or interpretation. For example: world view「世界観」(せかいかん). life view「人生観」(じんせいかん). This suffix is commonly used in philosophical or abstract contexts to discuss how one perceives or interprets a concept. It can also imply a subjective or personal perspective, as in '彼の人生観は独特だ (かれのじんせいかんはどくとくだ) (His view on life is unique).'

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1266

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Volume

Reading

Kanji

巻Scroll

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '巻 (かん)' is used to denote a volume or a book in a series. It is commonly attached to numbers to indicate the specific volume of a book, manga, or other serialized publications. For example: volume one「第一巻」(だいいっかん). volume three「第三巻」(だいさんかん). This suffix is also used in historical contexts to refer to scrolls or volumes of ancient texts. For instance: the first scroll of the tale「物語の第一巻」(ものがたりのだいいっかん). Note that '巻' can also be used in compound words to indicate a roll or coil, but this is less common in everyday usage.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1272

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Honorific

Reading

Kanji

状Form, Condition

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '様 (さま)' is an honorific title used to show respect or politeness towards someone. It is more formal than the suffix 'さん' and is often used in formal settings, business contexts, or when addressing someone of higher status. For example: Thank you, Mr. Tanaka「田中様、ありがとうございます」(たなかさま、ありがとうございます). This is for you, esteemed guest「お客様、こちらです」(おきゃくさま、こちらです). It can also be used in written correspondence or on packages to show respect for the recipient. Note that '様' is not used for oneself or in casual conversations.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1342

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

World, Realm

Reading

Kanji

界World

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '界 (かい)' is used to denote a world, realm, or sphere, often referring to a specific domain or field of activity. It can be used in various contexts to describe different areas of interest or expertise. For example: the world of art「芸術界」(げいじゅつかい). the business world「ビジネス界」(ビジネスかい). This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to specify a particular area or community, such as '科学界 (かがくかい) (scientific community)' or '音楽界 (おんがくかい) (music world)'. It is important to note that '界' can also be used in a more abstract sense to describe a realm or domain, such as '精神界 (せいしんかい) (spiritual realm)'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1419

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Agent

Reading

Kanji

剤Medicine, Dose

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '剤 (ざい)' is used to denote a type of agent, often in the context of chemicals, medicines, or substances that have a specific function. It is commonly found in words related to pharmaceuticals, cleaning agents, or other chemical compounds. For example: medicine「薬剤」(やくざい), cleaning agent「洗剤」(せんざい), and insecticide「殺虫剤」(さっちゅうざい). This suffix is typically attached to a noun to specify the type of agent being referred to. It is important to note that '剤' is not used as a standalone word but always as a suffix.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1420

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Type

Reading

Kanji

類Kind, Type

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '類 (るい)' is used to indicate a category, type, or class of things. It is often attached to nouns to group similar items together. For example: animal type「動物類」(どうぶつるい). This suffix is commonly used in scientific or formal contexts to classify objects, organisms, or concepts. Another example: plant type「植物類」(しょくぶつるい). It can also be used in everyday language to describe groups, such as 'this type of person'「この人たちの類」(このひとたちのるい). Note that '類' is often used in compound words and is not typically used standalone.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1446

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kilo

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'キロ (きろ)' is derived from the metric prefix 'kilo-', which denotes a factor of one thousand. It is commonly used in measurements to indicate a thousand units of something. For example: 1 kilogram「1キログラム」(いちきろぐらむ), 2 kilometers「2キロメートル」(にきろめーとる). This suffix is often attached to units of measurement like grams (グラム), meters (メートル), or liters (リットル) to specify quantities in the thousands. It is widely used in everyday contexts, such as shopping, travel, and cooking.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

1456

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ratio

Reading

Kanji

割Divide, Split

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '割 (わり)' is used to indicate a ratio or proportion, often in the context of percentages or fractions. It is commonly used in financial, statistical, or everyday contexts to express how much of something is being divided or allocated. For example: a 30% discount「30%割引」(さんじゅっぱーせんとわりびき). The room is divided into two parts「部屋は二つに割られている」(へやはふたつにわられている). Note that '割' can also be used as a standalone noun meaning 'division' or 'split', but as a suffix, it primarily conveys the idea of proportion or ratio.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1494

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seems

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'ぽい (ぽい)' is used to indicate that something seems or appears to be a certain way, often implying a resemblance or likelihood. It is commonly attached to nouns or adjectives to create a new adjective. For example: childlike or childish「子供っぽい」(こどもっぽい). This suffix can also carry a nuance of exaggeration or overemphasis, depending on the context. Another example: it seems like rain「雨っぽい」(あめっぽい). Note that 'ぽい' is informal and often used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

1546

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Both

Reading

Kanji

両Both

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '両 (りょう)' means 'both' and is used to refer to two items or groups collectively. It is often attached to nouns to indicate that both of the items or groups mentioned are included. For example: both parents「両親」(りょうしん). both countries「両国」(りょうこく). This suffix is commonly used in formal or written contexts and can also be found in compound words. It is important to note that '両' is typically used when referring to two distinct but related entities, emphasizing their combined consideration.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1636

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Palace, Shrine

Reading

Kanji

宮Palace

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '宮 (きゅう)' can mean either 'shrine' or 'palace', depending on the context. When referring to a shrine, it is often used in the names of Shinto shrines, such as '明治神宮 (めいじじんぐう)' (Meiji Shrine). When referring to a palace, it is used in the names of imperial palaces or residences, such as '皇居 (こうきょ)' (Imperial Palace). Example sentences: I visited the Meiji Shrine「明治神宮を訪れました」(めいじじんぐうをおとずれました). The Imperial Palace is in Tokyo「皇居は東京にあります」(こうきょはとうきょうにあります).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1640

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hall

Reading

Kanji

堂Hall

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '堂 (どう)' is commonly used to denote a hall or building, often associated with a specific purpose or establishment. It is frequently seen in the names of shops, temples, or public buildings. For example: a bookstore「本堂」(ほんどう), a temple hall「寺院の堂」(じいんのどう). This suffix can also be used in names of establishments, such as a bakery「パン屋の堂」(ぱんやのどう). It is important to note that '堂' is often used in a respectful or formal context, adding a sense of dignity or importance to the place it describes.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1644

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attached

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '付け (つけ)' is used to indicate that something is attached, added, or included. It often follows a noun to describe something that comes with or is accompanied by another thing. For example: date attached「日付付け」(ひづけつけ). This suffix is commonly used in contexts like dates, labels, or items that come with additional features. Another example: with sauce「ソース付け」(ソースつけ). It can also imply a sense of being prepared or arranged, as in 'ready-made' or 'prepared with'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1700

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

団Group, Association

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '団 (だん)' means 'group' or 'organization'. It is commonly used to form nouns that refer to organized groups of people, such as clubs, teams, or associations. For example: a sports team「スポーツ団」(すぽーつだん). a volunteer group「ボランティア団」(ぼらんてぃあだん). This suffix is often attached to nouns to indicate a collective or organized body. It can also carry a formal or official tone, depending on the context. Note that '団' is rarely used alone and typically appears as part of a compound word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1808

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Compilation

Reading

Kanji

編Edit, Knit

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '編 (へん)' is used to denote a compilation, edition, or volume of something, often in the context of books, series, or collections. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate a specific part or installment of a larger work. For example: the first volume of the series「シリーズの第一編」(シリーズのだいいっぺん). This is the final edition of the magazine「これは雑誌の最終編です」(これはざっしのさいしゅうへんです). The suffix can also imply a sense of organization or arrangement, as in a 'compilation of stories' (物語編, ものがたりへん).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1839

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Step

Reading

Kanji

歩Walk

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '歩 (ほ)' is used to indicate a unit of measurement for steps or walking distance. It is often used in contexts related to walking, such as counting steps or measuring distances in terms of steps. For example: I walked 10,000 steps today「今日は1万歩歩きました」(きょうはいちまんほあるきました). The park is about 500 steps away from here「公園はここから約500歩です」(こうえんはここからやくごひゃくほです). This suffix is commonly used in health and fitness contexts to track physical activity.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1873

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Woman

Reading

Kanji

婦Lady

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '婦 (ふ)' is used to denote a woman, often in a formal or respectful context. It is commonly appended to other words to specify a type of woman, such as in professional or social roles. For example: a housewife「主婦」(しゅふ). a nurse「看護婦」(かんごふ). It's important to note that while '婦' is traditionally used, some terms are being updated to more gender-neutral language, such as '看護師' (かんごし) for nurse, replacing '看護婦'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1955

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Record

Reading

Kanji

記Record

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '記 (き)' means 'record' or 'chronicle'. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate a written account, documentation, or record of something. For example: a travel record「旅行記」(りょこうき). A historical record「歴史記」(れきしき). This suffix is often used in formal or literary contexts to denote a systematic or detailed account of events, experiences, or information. It can also imply a sense of permanence or importance in the documentation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1994

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collection

Reading

Kanji

集Gather

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '集 (しゅう)' means 'collection'. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate a gathering or compilation of items, works, or people. For example, a book of poems can be called '詩集 (ししゅう)', meaning 'poetry collection'. Similarly, '写真集 (しゃしんしゅう)' refers to a 'photo collection' or 'photo album'. This suffix is often used in titles of books, albums, or other compilations. Example sentences: This is a collection of famous paintings「これは有名な絵画の集です」(これはゆうめいなかいがのしゅうです). I bought a new music collection「新しい音楽集を買いました」(あたらしいおんがくしゅうをかいました).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2017

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excess

Reading

Kanji

過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '過ぎ (すぎ)' is used to indicate that something is excessive or has gone beyond a certain limit. It is often attached to the stem of verbs or adjectives to convey this meaning. For example: he ate too much「彼は食べ過ぎた」(かれはたべすぎた). This coffee is too sweet「このコーヒーは甘すぎる」(このコーヒーはあますぎる). The suffix can also be used with nouns to indicate that something is too much of a particular thing, as in '働き過ぎ (はたらきすぎ) (overworking)'. It's important to note that '過ぎ' can also be used as a standalone noun meaning 'excess' or 'surplus', but this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2026

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doctor

Reading

Kanji

医Doctor

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '医 (い)' means 'doctor' and is used to refer to medical professionals. It is commonly attached to other words to form terms related to medicine or medical practice. For example: a hospital doctor「病院の医者」(びょういんのいしゃ). A medical student「医学生」(いがくせい). This suffix is often seen in compound words and is a key component in many medical-related terms. It's important to note that '医' by itself is not typically used as a standalone word but rather as part of a larger term.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2197

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Centimeter

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'センチ (せんち)' is derived from the English word 'centimeter' and is used as a unit of measurement for length. It is commonly used in everyday contexts, such as measuring height, length, or distance. For example: this table is 80 centimeters long「このテーブルは80センチです」(このテーブルははちじゅうせんちです). She is 160 centimeters tall「彼女は160センチです」(かのじょはひゃくろくじゅうせんちです). Note that 'センチ' is often used in combination with numbers to specify measurements.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

2200

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

杯Cup, Cupfuls

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '杯 (はい)' is a counter used for counting cups, glasses, or bowlfuls of liquid. It is commonly used when referring to drinks or liquid servings. For example: one cup of coffee「コーヒー一杯」(コーヒーいっぱい). Two glasses of water「水二杯」(みずにはい). This counter is versatile and can be used with various beverages, such as tea, juice, or alcohol. It's important to note that the pronunciation changes to 'ぱい' when combined with certain numbers, such as 'いっぱい' for one cup.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2216

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Western

Reading

Kanji

洋Ocean, Western style

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '洋 (よう)' means 'western' and is often used to denote something related to the West or Western culture. It is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words. For example: Western food「洋食」(ようしょく), Western-style room「洋室」(ようしつ), and Western clothing「洋服」(ようふく). This suffix is particularly useful when distinguishing between traditional Japanese items and their Western counterparts. Another example: Western music「洋楽」(ようがく). Note that '洋' can also refer to the ocean in other contexts, but as a suffix, it predominantly conveys the meaning of 'western'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2263

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Made

Reading

Kanji

製Manufacture

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '製 (せい)' is used to indicate that something is 'made' or 'manufactured' in a specific place or by a specific method. It is commonly attached to the name of a country, region, or company to denote the origin or manufacturer of a product. For example: made in Japan「日本製」(にほんせい). This machine is German-made「この機械はドイツ製です」(このきかいはドイツせいです). The suffix is often used in product descriptions or labels to highlight quality or origin. Note that '製' is a noun suffix and is typically written in kanji.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2274

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

軒Eaves, House counter

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '軒 (けん)' is a counter used specifically for counting houses, buildings, or establishments. It is commonly used in contexts where you need to specify the number of houses, shops, or similar structures. For example: there are three houses「家が三軒ある」(いえがさんけんある). I visited five coffee shops「五軒のコーヒーショップを訪れた」(ごけんのコーヒーショップをおとずれた). This counter is essential in everyday conversation when discussing locations or properties.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2381

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Magazine

Reading

Kanji

誌Magazine, Document

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '誌 (し)' is used to refer to a magazine or periodical. It is typically attached to the end of a word to indicate that it is a type of publication. For example: fashion magazine「ファッション誌」(ふぁっしょんし). Weekly magazine「週刊誌」(しゅうかんし). This suffix is commonly used in the names of magazines and other periodicals, and it helps to specify the type of content or focus of the publication.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2485

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

匹Equal, Counter for animals

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '匹 (ひき)' is a counter used for small animals, such as cats, dogs, fish, and insects. It is one of the most common counters in Japanese and is essential for counting animals. The reading 'ひき' changes depending on the number it follows due to rendaku (voicing) and phonetic rules. For example: one cat「猫一匹」(ねこいっぴき), two dogs「犬二匹」(いぬにひき), three fish「魚三匹」(さかなさんびき). Note that the counter does not change based on the size of the animal, but rather the category (small animals). This suffix is widely used in everyday conversation and is a fundamental part of Japanese counting systems.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2546

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Child

Reading

Kanji

児Child

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '児 (じ)' means 'child' and is often used in compound words to refer to children or young individuals. It can be used in various contexts, such as in the names of institutions or titles. For example: kindergarten child「幼稚園児」(ようちえんじ). This suffix is commonly found in words related to education or care for children. It's important to note that '児' is typically used in formal or institutional contexts rather than in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2568

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Departure

Reading

Kanji

発Departure

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '発 (はつ)' primarily means 'departure' or 'originating from'. It is commonly used in contexts related to transportation or the starting point of something. For example, it can be used to indicate the departure of a train or flight, or the origin of a product. Example sentences: The train departs from Tokyo「東京発の電車」(とうきょうはつのでんしゃ). This product is made in Japan「日本発の製品」(にほんはつのせいひん). Note that '発' is often used in combination with other words to specify the point of origin or departure.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2692

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Counter

Reading

Kanji

冊Book, Volume

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '冊 (さつ)' is a counter used specifically for books, magazines, and other bound printed materials. It is attached to numbers to count these items. For example: one book「一冊」(いっさつ), two books「二冊」(にさつ). This counter is essential when discussing quantities of books or similar items in Japanese. Example sentences: I bought three books「本を三冊買いました」(ほんをさんさつかいました). She has five magazines「彼女は雑誌を五冊持っています」(かのじょはざっしをごさつもっています).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2697

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Days

Reading

Kanji

日Day, Sun 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '日間 (にちかん)' is used to indicate a duration or period of time measured in days. It is often attached to a number to specify how many days something lasts or occurs. For example: a three-day trip「三日間の旅行」(みっかかんのりょこう). The meeting will last for five days「会議は五日間続きます」(かいぎはいつかかんつづきます). This suffix is commonly used in contexts involving schedules, events, or activities that span multiple days.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2862

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Style, Flow

Reading

Kanji

流Flow

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '流 (りゅう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'style', referring to a particular method, manner, or school of thought. For example: traditional Japanese style「伝統的な日本流」(でんとうてきなにほんりゅう). The second meaning is 'flow', referring to the movement or direction of something, such as water or ideas. For example: the flow of the river「川の流れ」(かわのながれ). This suffix is often attached to nouns to describe a specific approach or characteristic. For instance, 'business style' can be expressed as 'ビジネス流' (びじねすりゅう). It is important to note that the meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2884

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sphere, Region

Reading

Kanji

圏Sphere, Range

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '圏 (けん)' is used to denote a sphere, region, or area, often in a geographical, cultural, or conceptual sense. It is commonly attached to nouns to specify a particular area or domain. For example: the economic sphere「経済圏」(けいざいけん). The metropolitan area「首都圏」(しゅとけん). The influence sphere「影響圏」(えいきょうけん). This suffix is versatile and can be used in various contexts to describe boundaries or areas of influence.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2963

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Office

Reading

Kanji

署Government office

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '署 (しょ)' is commonly used to denote an office or station, particularly in the context of government or public services. It is often attached to the name of the service or function to specify the type of office. For example, a police station is called '警察署 (けいさつしょ)', and a fire station is referred to as '消防署 (しょうぼうしょ)'. This suffix is typically used in formal contexts and is an essential part of the vocabulary when discussing public services or institutions. Example sentences include: I went to the police station「警察署に行きました」(けいさつしょにいきました). The fire station is nearby「消防署は近くです」(しょうぼうしょはちかくです).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2970

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Legend

Reading

Kanji

伝Transmit

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '伝 (でん)' means 'legend' or 'tradition'. It is often attached to nouns to indicate something related to a story, legend, or traditional account. For example: a legendary hero「伝説の英雄」(でんせつのえいゆう). This suffix is commonly used in words like '伝説 (でんせつ)' (legend) or '伝承 (でんしょう)' (oral tradition). It can also imply something passed down through generations. Example sentences: This is a legend from ancient times「これは古代からの伝です」(これはこだいからのでんです). The story has been passed down as a legend「その話は伝として伝えられてきた」(そのはなしはでんとしてつたえられてきた).

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3080

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Kilometer

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'キロメートル (きろめーとる)' is a unit of measurement meaning 'kilometer'. It is commonly used in contexts related to distance, such as in travel, sports, or geography. For example: The distance to the next town is 5 kilometers「次の町までの距離は5キロメートルです」(つぎのまちまでのきょりはごきろめーとるです). I ran 10 kilometers yesterday「昨日10キロメートル走りました」(きのうじゅっきろめーとるはしりました). Note that 'キロメートル' is often abbreviated to 'キロ (きろ)' in casual conversation, but the full form is used in formal or precise contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

3107

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group, Tribe

Reading

Kanji

族Family

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '族 (ぞく)' is used to denote a group or category of people who share a common characteristic, interest, or behavior. It can be attached to various nouns to form new words that describe specific social groups or communities. For example, the word '社畜族 (しゃちくぞく)' refers to corporate slaves or overworked employees「社畜族は長時間労働を強いられる」(しゃちくぞくはちょうじかんろうどうをしいられる). Another example is 'オタク族 (おたくぞく)', which refers to otaku or people with obsessive interests「オタク族はアニメや漫画に詳しい」(おたくぞくはアニメやまんがにくわしい). This suffix is versatile and can be used in both formal and informal contexts to describe various social phenomena.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3114

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Establish, Rate

Reading

Kanji

立Stand

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '立 (りつ)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'rate', often used in contexts related to percentages or ratios. For example: unemployment rate「失業率」(しつぎょうりつ). The second meaning is 'establish', used in contexts related to founding or setting up something. For example: establish a company「会社を設立する」(かいしゃをせつりつする). It's important to note that this suffix is often used in compound words and its meaning can vary depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3145

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tool, Ingredient

Reading

Kanji

具Tool

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '具 (ぐ)' has two distinct meanings depending on the context. The first meaning is 'tool', referring to an instrument or device used to carry out a particular function. For example: cooking tools「調理具」(ちょうりぐ). The second meaning is 'ingredient', referring to a component used in cooking or preparing something. For example: ingredients for soup「スープの具」(スープのぐ). It's important to note that this suffix is often attached to other words to specify the type of tool or ingredient being referred to.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3165

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ton

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese suffix 'トン (ton)' is a loanword from the English word 'ton', referring to a unit of weight. In Japanese, it is used in contexts related to measurement, particularly in industries like shipping, logistics, and manufacturing. For example: This shipment weighs 10 tons「この貨物は10トンです」(このかもつはじゅうトンです). The truck can carry up to 5 tons「そのトラックは最大5トン運べます」(そのトラックはさいだいごトンはこべます). Note that 'トン' is written in katakana, as it is a borrowed word, and it is commonly used in technical or industrial settings.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Frequency

3169

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Storage

Reading

Kanji

庫Warehouse

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '庫 (こ)' means 'storage' and is commonly used in compound words to denote a place or facility where something is stored. It is often attached to nouns to specify the type of storage, such as a warehouse, garage, or repository. For example: car garage「車庫」(しゃこ). warehouse「倉庫」(そうこ). It is important to note that '庫' is rarely used as a standalone word and is typically part of a larger compound. The suffix carries a formal or technical nuance, often used in contexts related to infrastructure, logistics, or organization.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3202

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Product

Reading

Kanji

産Give birth

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '産 (さん)' is used to indicate the origin or place of production of something. It is often attached to the name of a place or country to specify where a product or item comes from. For example: Japanese-made「日本産」(にほんさん). This suffix is commonly used in contexts related to food, goods, or materials to highlight their origin. For instance: This is a product of France「これはフランス産です」(これはフランスさんです). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something as being 'produced' or 'originating' from a particular place or source.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3250

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second

Reading

Kanji

秒Second

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '秒 (びょう)' means 'second' and is used as a unit of time. It is commonly attached to numbers to indicate a specific number of seconds. For example: 10 seconds「10秒」(じゅうびょう). It can also be used in expressions like 'a few seconds'「数秒」(すうびょう). This suffix is essential for discussing time durations in Japanese, whether in everyday conversation or technical contexts. Note that '秒' is always used as a suffix and never stands alone as a word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3365

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Limit

Reading

Kanji

限Limit

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '限 (げん)' means 'limit' or 'boundary'. It is often used to indicate a restriction, boundary, or extent of something. This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to form compound words that express a specific limit or scope. For example: time limit「時間限」(じかんげん). Capacity limit「定員限」(ていいんげん). It can also be used in phrases like '期限 (きげん)', which means 'deadline' or 'time limit'. Note that '限' is rarely used as a standalone word and is typically part of compound words or phrases.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3380

Composition

kanji

Handwriting