Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Reservation

Reading

Kanji

予Beforehand 約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '予約 (よやく)' means 'reservation'. It is commonly used to refer to booking or reserving something in advance, such as a table at a restaurant, a hotel room, or tickets for an event. For example: I made a reservation for dinner「夕食の予約をしました」(ゆうしょくのよやくをしました). Do you have a reservation?「予約はありますか？」(よやくはありますか？). This word is often used in formal and informal contexts alike, and it is essential for planning and organizing events or services in Japan.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1037

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Promise

Reading

Kanji

約Promise, Approximately 束Bundle, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '約束 (やくそく)' means 'promise'. It refers to a commitment or assurance that one will do something or that a particular thing will happen. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate a pledge or agreement between people. For example: I made a promise to my friend「友達と約束をした」(ともだちとやくそくをした). He broke his promise「彼は約束を破った」(かれはやくそくをやぶった). It can also be used in phrases like '約束を守る (やくそくをまもる)' (to keep a promise) or '約束を果たす (やくそくをはたす)' (to fulfill a promise).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1038

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fire

Reading

Kanji

火Fire

Explanation

The Japanese noun '火 (ひ)' means 'fire'. It refers to the phenomenon of combustion, producing heat and light. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as describing actual fire, fire-related incidents, or even metaphorically to describe passion or intensity. For example: The fire is hot「火は熱い」(ひはあつい). Be careful with fire「火に気をつけて」(ひにきをつけて). Additionally, '火' can be part of compound words, such as '火事 (かじ)' meaning 'fire (as in a fire incident)' or '火山 (かざん)' meaning 'volcano'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1039

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Summer

Reading

Kanji

夏Summer

Explanation

The Japanese noun '夏 (なつ)' means 'summer'. It refers to the hottest season of the year, typically associated with warm weather, vacations, and festivals in Japan. This word is commonly used in daily conversations, literature, and media to describe the season or events occurring during this time. For example: I love summer「夏が大好きです」(なつがだいすきです). Summer in Japan is hot「日本の夏は暑い」(にほんのなつはあつい). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '夏休み (なつやすみ)' (summer vacation) or '夏祭り (なつまつり)' (summer festival).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1042

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strange

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '変 (へん)' means 'strange' or 'weird'. It is used to describe something that is unusual, odd, or out of the ordinary. This word can be applied to situations, behaviors, or objects. For example: That person is strange「あの人は変だ」(あのひとはへんだ). This situation is weird「この状況は変だ」(このじょうきょうはへんだ). It can also be used to describe a change in state, such as '変な音 (へんなおと) (strange sound)' or '変な感じ (へんなかんじ) (weird feeling)'. Note that '変' can also function as a noun meaning 'change' in certain contexts, but this usage is less common compared to its adjectival meaning.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1043

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Change, Variation

Reading

Kanji

変Change, Abnormal 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '変化 (へんか)' primarily means 'change' or 'variation'. It refers to a transformation or alteration in state, form, or condition. This word is often used in contexts involving physical, chemical, or abstract changes. For example: The weather changes quickly「天気が急に変化する」(てんきがきゅうにへんかする). There is a variation in color「色に変化がある」(いろにへんかがある). It can also be used in scientific contexts, such as describing chemical changes or biological mutations. The word is neutral and can be applied to both positive and negative changes.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1045

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Strengthening, Enhancement

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 化Change

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '強化 (きょうか)' refers to the act of making something stronger or more effective. It is commonly used in contexts such as improving systems, skills, or materials. For example: The company is strengthening its security measures「会社はセキュリティを強化しています」(かいしゃはセキュリティをきょうかしています). We need to enhance our skills「私たちはスキルを強化する必要があります」(わたしたちはスキルをきょうかするひつようがあります). This term is often used in both technical and everyday contexts to describe the process of making improvements or increasing capabilities.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1046

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reference

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 考Think, Consider

Explanation

The Japanese noun '参考 (さんこう)' means 'reference'. It is used to indicate something that is consulted for information or guidance. This word is commonly used in academic, professional, and everyday contexts when referring to materials, data, or advice that helps in making decisions or understanding a topic. For example: Please use this book as a reference「この本を参考にしてください」(このほんをさんこうにしてください). This data is for reference only「このデータは参考までです」(このデータはさんこうまでです). The word can also imply that the information is supplementary and not definitive.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1047

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cat

Reading

Kanji

猫Cat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '猫 (ねこ)' means 'cat'. This word refers to the domestic feline animal, commonly kept as a pet. It can be used in various contexts, such as describing a pet, talking about cats in general, or even in idiomatic expressions. For example: I have a cat「猫を飼っています」(ねこをかっています). The cat is sleeping「猫が寝ている」(ねこがねている). Cats are cute「猫はかわいい」(ねこはかわいい). The word '猫' is straightforward and widely used in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1048

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Window

Reading

Kanji

窓Window

Explanation

The Japanese noun '窓 (まど)' means 'window'. This word refers to an opening in a wall or door that allows light and air to enter and provides a view of the outside. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can refer to windows in buildings, vehicles, or other structures. For example: Please close the window「窓を閉めてください」(まどをしめてください). The window is open「窓が開いている」(まどがあいている). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a 'window of opportunity' or a 'window into someone's thoughts'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1051

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sky

Reading

Kanji

空Sky, Empty

Explanation

The Japanese noun '空 (そら)' primarily means 'sky'. It refers to the expanse of space over the earth, often associated with the heavens or the atmosphere. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and poetic expressions. For example: The sky is blue「空は青い」(そらはあおい). I looked up at the sky「空を見上げた」(そらをみあげた). Additionally, '空' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe something vast or limitless, such as one's imagination or potential. However, in this context, we focus on its primary meaning as 'sky'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1052

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Mutual

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '相 (あい)' is used to indicate mutual or reciprocal actions, relationships, or states. It is often attached to nouns or verbs to convey a sense of shared or joint involvement. For example: mutual love「相愛」(あいあい). mutual understanding「相互理解」(そうごりかい). It can also be used in compound words to express a sense of togetherness or collaboration, such as in '相助 (あいじょ) (mutual assistance)' or '相乗り (あいのり) (carpooling)'. This suffix is commonly used in formal or literary contexts and adds a nuanced layer of reciprocity to the base word.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1054

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nationwide

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese noun '全国 (ぜんこく)' means 'nationwide' or 'the whole country'. It refers to something that encompasses or relates to the entire nation, rather than a specific region or locality. This term is often used in contexts such as nationwide events, nationwide surveys, or nationwide distribution. For example: The typhoon affected the whole country「台風は全国に影響を与えた」(たいふうはぜんこくにえいきょうをあたえた). This product is sold nationwide「この商品は全国で販売されている」(このしょうひんはぜんこくではんばいされている).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1056

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Song

Reading

Kanji

曲Music, Bend

Explanation

The Japanese noun '曲 (きょく)' primarily means 'song' or 'musical piece'. It refers to a composition of music, often with lyrics, but can also denote instrumental pieces. This word is commonly used in contexts related to music, such as discussing favorite songs, composing music, or performing. For example: This is my favorite song「これは私の好きな曲です」(これはわたしのすきなきょくです). He composed a new song「彼は新しい曲を作った」(かれはあたらしいきょくをつくった). While '曲' can sometimes refer to a 'tune' or 'melody', its primary and most frequent usage is to denote a complete song.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1060

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Blood

Reading

Kanji

血Blood

Explanation

The Japanese noun '血 (ち)' means 'blood'. It refers to the red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other animals, carrying oxygen and nutrients. This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: There is blood on the floor「床に血がある」(ゆかにちがある). Blood is important for life「血は命にとって重要だ」(ちはいのちにとってじゅうようだ). In Japanese culture, '血' can also symbolize family lineage or heritage, as in '血縁 (けつえん)' meaning 'blood relation'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1061

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jacket

Reading

Kanji

上Up 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '上着 (うわぎ)' refers to an outer garment worn over other clothes, typically a jacket or coat. It is commonly used to describe any type of upper-body outerwear, such as blazers, coats, or even casual jackets. For example: I bought a new jacket「新しい上着を買いました」(あたらしいうわぎをかいました). Please hang your jacket here「上着をここに掛けてください」(うわぎをここにかけてください). The word is often used in everyday conversations, especially when discussing clothing or weather-related attire.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1066

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Best

Reading

Kanji

最Most 高High, Expensive

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最高 (さいこう)' means 'best' or 'highest'. It is used to describe something that is of the utmost quality, excellence, or degree. This word can be applied to a wide range of contexts, such as experiences, objects, or achievements. For example: This is the best day ever!「今日は最高の日だ！」(きょうはさいこうのひだ！). The view from here is the best「ここからの景色は最高だ」(ここからのけしきはさいこうだ). It can also be used to express extreme satisfaction or excitement, as in '最高！(さいこう！)' which translates to 'Awesome!' or 'The best!'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1068

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Seat

Reading

Kanji

席Seat

Explanation

The Japanese noun '席 (せき)' primarily means 'seat'. It refers to a place to sit, such as in a theater, train, or at a table. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as reserving a seat or finding a seat in a crowded place. For example: Please take a seat「席に座ってください」(せきにすわってください). The seat is reserved「その席は予約済みです」(そのせきはよやくずみです). Additionally, '席' can sometimes imply a position or role in a social or professional setting, such as a seat in a meeting or a position in a company, but the primary meaning remains 'seat'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1069

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Famous

Reading

Kanji

有Exist 名Name

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '有名 (ゆうめい)' means 'famous'. It is used to describe someone or something that is widely known or recognized. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: He is a famous actor「彼は有名な俳優です」(かれはゆうめいなはいゆうです). This restaurant is famous for its ramen「このレストランはラーメンで有名です」(このレストランはラーメンでゆうめいです). The word '有名' can be used to describe people, places, things, or events that have gained recognition or popularity.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1070

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attendance

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 席Seat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出席 (しゅっせき)' means 'attendance'. It refers to the act of being present at a meeting, class, event, or other gathering. It is commonly used in formal or academic contexts. For example: attendance is mandatory「出席は必須です」(しゅっせきはひっすです). I will attend the meeting「会議に出席します」(かいぎにしゅっせきします). The word can also be used in phrases like '出席を取る (しゅっせきをとる)' (to take attendance) or '出席率 (しゅっせきりつ)' (attendance rate).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1074

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Feature

Reading

Kanji

特Special 徴Levy, Symptom

Explanation

The Japanese noun '特徴 (とくちょう)' means 'feature' or 'characteristic'. It refers to a distinctive attribute or quality of something or someone. This word is often used to describe what makes something unique or different. For example: The main feature of this product is its durability「この製品の特徴は耐久性です」(このせいひんのとくちょうはたいきゅうせいです). Another example: The characteristic of this region is its rich culture「この地域の特徴は豊かな文化です」(このちいきのとくちょうはゆたかなぶんかです). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to highlight specific traits or aspects.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1075

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Absence

Reading

Kanji

欠Lack 席Seat

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '欠席 (けっせき)' refers to the act of being absent, particularly from events, meetings, or classes. It is commonly used in formal or academic contexts to indicate non-attendance. For example: I will be absent from the meeting tomorrow「明日の会議は欠席します」(あしたのかいぎはけっせきします). His absence was noted by the teacher「先生は彼の欠席に気づいた」(せんせいはかれのけっせきにきづいた). The word can also be used in written notices or announcements, such as '欠席届 (けっせきとどけ)', which means 'notice of absence'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1076

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Second daughter

Reading

Kanji

次Next 女Woman

Explanation

The Japanese noun '次女 (じじょ)' refers to the 'second daughter' in a family. This term is used to specify the birth order of daughters, with '次女' being the second-born daughter. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts when discussing family members or relationships. For example: Her second daughter is very talented「彼女の次女はとても才能がある」(かのじょのじじょはとてもさいのうがある). The second daughter got married last year「次女は去年結婚した」(じじょはきょねんけっこんした). The term is often used in family registers, official documents, and everyday conversations to distinguish between siblings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1079

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Letter

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 紙Paper

Explanation

The Japanese noun '手紙 (てがみ)' means 'letter', referring to a written message typically sent to someone. It is commonly used to describe personal correspondence, such as letters written by hand or typed. For example: I received a letter from my friend「友達から手紙をもらった」(ともだちからてがみをもらった). She writes a letter every week「彼女は毎週手紙を書く」(かのじょはまいしゅうてがみをかく). The word can also imply a sense of thoughtfulness or effort, as it often involves personal communication rather than digital messages.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1080

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Funds

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese noun '資金 (しきん)' refers to 'funds' or 'capital'. It is commonly used in financial contexts to describe money that is available for a specific purpose, such as investment, business operations, or personal use. For example: We need funds to start the project「プロジェクトを始めるために資金が必要です」(ぷろじぇくとをはじめるためにしきんがひつようです). The company raised funds for expansion「会社は拡張のための資金を調達しました」(かいしゃはかくちょうのためのしきんをちょうたつしました). This word is often used in formal or business settings and can refer to both large and small amounts of money.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1082

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Enemy

Reading

Kanji

敵Enemy

Explanation

The Japanese noun '敵 (てき)' means 'enemy'. It refers to a person or group that is actively opposed or hostile to someone or something. This word is commonly used in contexts such as war, competition, or personal conflicts. For example: He is my enemy「彼は私の敵です」(かれはわたしのてきです). They defeated the enemy「彼らは敵を倒した」(かれらはてきをたおした). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe challenges or obstacles, such as 'time is the enemy'「時間は敵だ」(じかんはてきだ). Note that '敵' is a neutral term and does not carry additional emotional connotations unless specified by context.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1083

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Driving

Reading

Kanji

運Fortune 転Revolve

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '運転 (うんてん)' primarily means 'driving'. It refers to the act of operating a vehicle, such as a car, bus, or train. This word is commonly used in contexts related to transportation and vehicle operation. For example: I am driving a car「車を運転しています」(くるまをうんてんしています). He has a driver's license「彼は運転免許を持っています」(かれはうんてんめんきょをもっています). Additionally, '運転' can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'operation' or 'management' of machinery or systems, but this usage is less common and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1084

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wall

Reading

Kanji

壁Wall

Explanation

The Japanese noun '壁 (かべ)' means 'wall'. This word refers to a vertical structure that defines and sometimes protects an area. It can be used to describe the walls of a building, room, or any other structure. For example: there is a picture on the wall「壁に絵がある」(かべにえがある). The wall is white「壁は白い」(かべはしろい). Additionally, '壁' can be used metaphorically to describe barriers or obstacles in non-physical contexts, such as in relationships or challenges. For example: we hit a wall in our negotiations「交渉で壁にぶつかった」(こうしょうでかべにぶつかった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1085

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Driver

Reading

Kanji

運Fortune 転Revolve 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '運転手 (うんてんしゅ)' refers to a person who drives a vehicle, such as a car, bus, or truck. It is commonly used to describe someone whose profession is driving. For example: The bus driver is very skilled「バスの運転手はとても上手です」(バスのうんてんしゅはとてもじょうずです). I asked the driver for directions「運転手に道を聞きました」(うんてんしゅにみちをききました). This term is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1086

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Companion

Reading

Kanji

仲Relationship 間Interval, Space

Explanation

The Japanese noun '仲間 (なかま)' refers to a companion, friend, or someone who shares a common purpose or activity. It emphasizes a sense of camaraderie or belonging to a group. This word is often used to describe peers, colleagues, or members of the same team or community. For example: He is my companion「彼は私の仲間です」(かれはわたしのなかまです). We are companions in this project「私たちはこのプロジェクトの仲間です」(わたしたちはこのプロジェクトのなかまです). The term can also imply a shared bond or mutual support, such as in sports teams or work environments.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1087

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

East

Reading

Kanji

東East

Explanation

The Japanese noun '東 (ひがし)' means 'east'. It refers to one of the four cardinal directions and is commonly used in geographical contexts, such as describing locations or directions. For example: The sun rises in the east「太陽は東から昇る」(たいようはひがしからのぼる). Kyoto is east of Osaka「京都は大阪の東にある」(きょうとはおおさかのひがしにある). The word can also be used in compound words, such as '東日本 (ひがしにほん)' meaning 'eastern Japan'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1088

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Materials

Reading

Kanji

資Capital, Resources 料Materials, Fee

Explanation

The Japanese noun '資料 (しりょう)' refers to 'materials' or 'data' that are used for reference, research, or documentation. It is commonly used in academic, professional, or informational contexts. For example: I need materials for my research「研究のための資料が必要です」(けんきゅうのためのしりょうがひつようです). These materials are very useful「この資料はとても役に立ちます」(このしりょうはとてもやくにたちます). The word can also refer to documents, handouts, or resources provided for meetings or presentations.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1092

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attitude

Reading

Kanji

態Appearance, Condition 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese noun '態度 (たいど)' refers to a person's attitude, demeanor, or behavior. It is often used to describe how someone carries themselves or reacts in a given situation. This word can be used in both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: His attitude is very positive「彼の態度はとても前向きだ」(かれのたいどはとてもまえむきだ). Her attitude towards work is lazy「彼女の仕事に対する態度は怠惰だ」(かのじょのしごとにたいするたいどはたいだだ). The word can also imply a sense of posture or stance, both physically and metaphorically.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1093

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exercise

Reading

Kanji

運Fortune 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '運動 (うんどう)' primarily means 'exercise' or 'physical activity'. It refers to activities that involve physical exertion, often for the purpose of improving health or fitness. This word can also be used in a broader sense to describe movement or motion, such as in physics or social movements. For example: I do exercise every morning「私は毎朝運動します」(わたしはまいあさうんどうします). The movement of the planets is fascinating「惑星の運動は魅力的です」(わくせいのうんどうはみりょくてきです). In social contexts, it can refer to campaigns or movements, like a political movement「政治運動」(せいじうんどう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1095

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Activity

Reading

Kanji

活Lively 動Move

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '活動 (かつどう)' refers to 'activity' or 'action'. It is used to describe physical, mental, or organizational actions, often in the context of work, hobbies, or social movements. For example: The environmental group's activities are impressive「環境グループの活動は印象的です」(かんきょうグループのかつどうはいんしょうてきです). She is active in volunteer activities「彼女はボランティア活動に積極的です」(かのじょはボランティアかつどうにせっきょくてきです). The word can also be used in compound nouns like '文化活動 (ぶんかかつどう)' (cultural activities) or '経済活動 (けいざいかつどう)' (economic activities).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1099

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Capital

Reading

Kanji

都Metropolis

Explanation

The Japanese noun '都 (と)' primarily means 'capital', referring to the main city of a country or region, especially where the government is located. It is often used in formal contexts or when discussing administrative or political matters. For example: Tokyo is the capital of Japan「東京は日本の都です」(とうきょうはにほんのとです). Kyoto was once the capital of Japan「京都はかつて日本の都でした」(きょうとはかつてにほんのとでした). The word can also appear in compound nouns, such as '都庁 (とちょう)' (metropolitan government office). While '都' can sometimes refer to a large city or metropolis, its primary and most distinct meaning is 'capital'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1100

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Maximum

Reading

Kanji

最Most 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese noun '最大 (さいだい)' means 'maximum'. It refers to the greatest or highest amount, degree, or size that is possible or allowed. This word is often used in contexts involving limits, capacities, or extremes. For example: the maximum speed is 100 km/h「最大速度は100キロです」(さいだいそくどは100キロです). This is the maximum capacity「これが最大容量です」(これがさいだいようりょうです). It can also be used in abstract contexts, such as 'maximum effort' or 'maximum potential'. The word is commonly seen in technical, scientific, and everyday contexts where limits are discussed.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1101

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Damage

Reading

Kanji

被Incur, Be subjected to 害Harm

Explanation

The Japanese noun '被害 (ひがい)' refers to 'damage' or 'harm' caused by an event, accident, or disaster. It is commonly used in contexts involving natural disasters, accidents, or crimes. For example: The damage from the earthquake was severe「地震の被害は深刻だった」(じしんのひがい は しんこく だった). The company suffered significant losses due to the cyber attack「その会社はサイバー攻撃で大きな被害を受けた」(そのかいしゃ は サイバーこうげき で おおきな ひがい を うけた). This word is often used in news reports or formal discussions about negative impacts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1102

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Real estate agent

Reading

Kanji

不Not 動Move 産Give birth 屋Shop, Roof

Explanation

The Japanese noun '不動産屋 (ふどうさんや)' refers to a 'real estate agent' or 'real estate agency'. This term is used to describe a person or business that deals with the buying, selling, and renting of properties. It is commonly used in everyday conversations when discussing housing or property matters. For example: I went to the real estate agent to find a new apartment「新しいアパートを探しに不動産屋に行った」(あたらしいアパートをさがしにふどうさんやにいった). The real estate agent showed us several houses「不動産屋が私たちにいくつかの家を見せてくれた」(ふどうさんやがわたしたちにいくつかのいえをみせてくれた).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1103

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emotion

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感情 (かんじょう)' refers to 'emotion' or 'feeling'. It is used to describe the complex psychological states that arise from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships with others. This word is commonly used in both everyday conversation and formal contexts. For example: She couldn't hide her emotions「彼女は感情を隠せなかった」(かのじょはかんじょうをかくせなかった). His emotions were written all over his face「彼の感情は顔に表れていた」(かれのかんじょうはかおにあらわれていた). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '感情表現 (かんじょうひょうげん)' (emotional expression) or '感情移入 (かんじょういにゅう)' (empathy).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1104

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Since

Reading

Kanji

以By means of 来Come

Explanation

The Japanese noun '以来 (いらい)' means 'since' and is used to indicate a period of time starting from a specific point in the past up to the present. It is often used to describe events, situations, or conditions that have continued from a past moment until now. For example: I haven't seen him since last year「去年以来彼に会っていない」(きょねんいらいかれにあっていない). Since moving to Tokyo, I've been very busy「東京に引っ越して以来、とても忙しい」(とうきょうにひっこしていらい、とてもいそがしい). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts and can be paired with various time expressions to specify the starting point.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1106

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fast speech

Reading

Kanji

早Early, Fast 口Mouth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '早口 (はやくち)' refers to speaking quickly or rapidly. It is often used to describe someone who talks at a fast pace, which can sometimes make it difficult for others to understand. This term can be used in various contexts, such as describing a person's speaking style or commenting on the speed of speech in a conversation. For example: He speaks so fast that I can't understand him「彼は早口で話すので、私には理解できない」(かれははやくちではなすので、わたしにはりかいできない). Please speak more slowly, your fast speech is hard to follow「もっとゆっくり話してください、早口だと聞き取りにくいです」(もっとゆっくりはなしてください、はやくちだとききとりにくいです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1107

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Circumstances

Reading

Kanji

事Thing 情Feeling, Emotion

Explanation

The Japanese noun '事情 (じじょう)' refers to 'circumstances' or 'situation'. It is used to describe the conditions or reasons behind a particular state of affairs. This word is often used in formal or serious contexts to explain why something has happened or why a decision was made. For example: Due to personal circumstances, I cannot attend the meeting「事情により、会議に出席できません」(じじょうにより、かいぎにしゅっせきできません). The company explained the circumstances behind the delay「会社は遅延の事情を説明しました」(かいしゃはちえんのじじょうをせつめいしました). It can also be used to refer to the background or context of a situation, such as in '事情聴取 (じじょうちょうしゅ)', which means 'hearing the circumstances'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1108

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Express

Reading

Kanji

速Quick 達Attain, Plural

Explanation

The Japanese noun '速達 (そくたつ)' refers to 'express' or 'express delivery'. It is commonly used in the context of mail or package delivery services to indicate that the item will be delivered faster than standard delivery. For example: I sent the document by express「書類を速達で送りました」(しょるいをそくたつでおくりました). Please use express delivery for this package「この荷物は速達でお願いします」(このにもつはそくたつでおねがいします). The term is often seen in postal services and is a convenient option for urgent deliveries.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1110

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

North

Reading

Kanji

北North

Explanation

The Japanese noun '北 (きた)' means 'north'. It refers to the cardinal direction and is commonly used in geographical contexts, such as indicating a location or giving directions. For example: The wind is coming from the north「風が北から吹いている」(かぜがきたからふいている). Hokkaido is in the north of Japan「北海道は日本の北にある」(ほっかいどうはにほんのきたにある). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe something as being in a northern position relative to something else.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1111

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tooth

Reading

Kanji

歯Tooth

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歯 (は)' means 'tooth'. It refers to the hard, calcified structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and medical contexts. For example: I have a toothache「歯が痛い」(はがいたい). Brush your teeth「歯を磨きなさい」(はをみがきなさい). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as in the phrase '歯が立たない (はがたたない)', which means 'unable to handle' or 'too difficult to tackle'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1112

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Various

Reading

Kanji

諸Many, Various

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '諸 (しょ)' is used to indicate 'various' or 'many' when attached to nouns. It often implies a collective or plural sense, referring to multiple items or aspects of the noun it modifies. For example: various countries「諸国」(しょこく). It is commonly used in formal or written contexts. Another example: various opinions「諸意見」(しょいけん). Note that this prefix is not used in casual conversation and is typically found in compound words or formal expressions.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1113

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Start

Reading

Kanji

開Open 始Begin

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '開始 (かいし)' means 'start' or 'commencement'. It is used to indicate the beginning of an event, activity, or process. This word is often used in formal or official contexts, such as meetings, ceremonies, or operations. For example: The meeting will start at 10 AM「会議は10時に開始します」(かいぎは10じにかいしします). The operation has commenced「手術が開始されました」(しゅじゅつがかいしされました). Note that '開始' is typically used in written or formal speech, while more casual situations might use simpler terms like '始める (はじめる)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1114

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Teacher

Reading

Kanji

師Master, Expert

Explanation

The Japanese noun '師 (し)' means 'teacher' or 'master'. It refers to someone who is highly skilled or knowledgeable in a particular field and often serves as a mentor or guide. This term is commonly used in contexts such as martial arts, arts and crafts, or academic disciplines. For example: He is my teacher「彼は私の師です」(かれはわたしのしです). The tea ceremony master is respected「茶道の師は尊敬されている」(さどうのしはそんけいされている). Note that '師' can also be part of compound words, such as '教師 (きょうし)' (teacher) or '医師 (いし)' (doctor).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1115

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Surely

Reading

Kanji

急Urgent 度Degrees, Times

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '急度 (きっと)' means 'surely' or 'certainly'. It is used to express a strong belief or conviction about something happening or being true. This word is often used when the speaker is confident about a future event or outcome. For example: He will surely come「彼はきっと来る」(かれはきっとくる). It will surely rain tomorrow「明日はきっと雨が降る」(あしたはきっとあめがふる). The nuance of 'きっと' often implies a sense of hope or expectation, and it is commonly used in positive contexts. It can also be used to reassure someone, as in 'きっと大丈夫 (きっとだいじょうぶ) (Surely, it will be okay).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1117

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Realization

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '実現 (じつげん)' means 'realization' or 'actualization'. It refers to the act of making something real or bringing something into existence, such as a plan, dream, or idea. This word is often used in contexts involving goals, aspirations, or projects. For example: the realization of a dream「夢の実現」(ゆめのじつげん). The plan was realized「計画が実現した」(けいかくがじつげんした). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as the realization of an idea「アイデアの実現」(アイデアのじつげん). Note that this word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1120

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Garden

Reading

Kanji

園Garden

Explanation

The Japanese noun '園 (その)' primarily means 'garden'. It refers to a cultivated area of land, often used for growing plants, flowers, or vegetables. This word can also be used in compound words to denote specific types of gardens or parks, such as '動物園 (どうぶつえん)' (zoo) or '幼稚園 (ようちえん)' (kindergarten). Example sentences: The garden is beautiful「その園は美しい」(そのそのはうつくしい). I went to the zoo「動物園に行った」(どうぶつえんにいった).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1121

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Implementation

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 施Alms, Carry out

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '実施 (じっし)' means 'implementation' or 'carrying out'. It refers to the act of putting a plan, policy, or system into effect. This word is commonly used in formal or professional contexts, such as business, government, or education. For example: The new policy will be implemented next month「新しい政策は来月実施されます」(あたらしいせいさくはらいげつじっしされます). The company conducted a survey「その会社は調査を実施した」(そのかいしゃはちょうさをじっしした). Note that '実施' is often used with verbs like する (to do) or される (to be done) to indicate the action of implementation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1122

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

All

Reading

Kanji

全Whole, All

Explanation

The Japanese prefix '全 (ぜん)' means 'all' or 'entire'. It is commonly used to indicate completeness or entirety when attached to nouns. For example: all members「全員」(ぜんいん), all over the world「全世界」(ぜんせかい), or all day「全日」(ぜんじつ). This prefix is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize the totality of something. Another example: all power「全力」(ぜんりょく). Note that '全' can also be used in compound words to convey a sense of wholeness or comprehensiveness, such as in '全国 (ぜんこく)' meaning 'nationwide' or 'entire country'.

Part Of Speech

prefix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1123

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Wisdom

Reading

Kanji

知Know 恵Favor, Bestow a favor

Explanation

The Japanese noun '知恵 (ちえ)' refers to 'wisdom' or 'intelligence'. It is used to describe the ability to make sound judgments and decisions based on knowledge, experience, and understanding. This word often carries a positive connotation, implying practical or insightful knowledge. For example: Wisdom comes with age「年を取ると知恵がつく」(としをとるとちえがつく). He used his wisdom to solve the problem「彼は知恵を使って問題を解決した」(かれはちえをつかってもんだいをかいけつした). The term can also be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '知恵を絞る (ちえをしぼる)', which means 'to rack one's brains'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1124

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Execution

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 行Go

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '実行 (じっこう)' means 'execution' or 'implementation'. It refers to the act of carrying out or putting something into practice, such as a plan, idea, or action. This word is often used in contexts involving decision-making, projects, or strategies. For example: The execution of the plan was successful「計画の実行は成功した」(けいかくのじっこうはせいこうした). We need to execute this idea immediately「このアイデアをすぐに実行する必要がある」(このアイデアをすぐにじっこうするひつようがある). Note that '実行' is commonly paired with verbs like 'する' to indicate the act of executing something.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1125

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disease

Reading

Kanji

病Illness

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '病 (びょう)' means 'disease' or 'illness'. It is commonly attached to nouns to describe specific diseases or conditions. For example: heart disease「心臓病」(しんぞうびょう), mental illness「精神病」(せいしんびょう). This suffix is also used metaphorically to describe obsessive behaviors or conditions, such as 'otaku disease'「オタク病」(おたくびょう), referring to an extreme obsession with anime or manga. The suffix is neutral in tone but can carry a negative connotation depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1126

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Experiment

Reading

Kanji

実Fruit, Truth 験Test

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '実験 (じっけん)' means 'experiment'. It refers to a scientific test or trial conducted to discover or demonstrate something. This word is commonly used in academic, scientific, and everyday contexts. For example: We conducted an experiment「私たちは実験を行いました」(わたしたちはじっけんをおこないました). The experiment was successful「実験は成功しました」(じっけんはせいこうしました). It can also be used metaphorically to describe trying something new, such as: This recipe is an experiment「このレシピは実験です」(このレシピはじっけんです).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1127

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Building

Reading

Kanji

建Build 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '建物 (たてもの)' refers to a 'building', which is a structure with a roof and walls, such as a house, school, or office. This word is commonly used to describe any kind of constructed edifice. For example: That building is tall「あの建物は高い」(あのたてものはたかい). I work in that building「私はあの建物で働いています」(わたしはあのたてものではたらいています). The word can be used in both formal and informal contexts and is neutral in tone.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1128

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Passage

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 過Exceed, Error

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '通過 (つうか)' means 'passage' or 'passing through'. It is used to describe the act of moving through a place, area, or situation without stopping or being significantly affected. This word is often used in contexts like transportation, where it refers to passing through a station or checkpoint without stopping, or in abstract situations, such as passing through a phase or stage. For example: The train passed through the station without stopping「電車は駅を通過した」(でんしゃはえきをつうかした). He passed through a difficult time「彼は困難な時期を通過した」(かれはこんなんなじきをつうかした). Note that '通過' can also imply a sense of transition or progression, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1129

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Shoulder

Reading

Kanji

肩Shoulder

Explanation

The Japanese noun '肩 (かた)' means 'shoulder'. This word refers to the part of the body where the arm connects to the torso. It is commonly used in everyday conversation and can also appear in idiomatic expressions. For example: my shoulder hurts「肩が痛い」(かたがいたい). He patted me on the shoulder「彼は私の肩を叩いた」(かれはわたしのかたをたたいた). In Japanese culture, the shoulder can also symbolize responsibility or burden, as in '肩の荷が下りる (かたのにがおりる)', which means 'to be relieved of a burden'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1130

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

集Gather 団Group, Association

Explanation

The Japanese noun '集団 (しゅうだん)' means 'group'. It refers to a collection of people or things gathered together, often with a common purpose or characteristic. This term is commonly used in various contexts, such as social groups, organizations, or even inanimate objects grouped together. For example: a group of students「学生の集団」(がくせいのしゅうだん). A group of buildings「建物の集団」(たてもののしゅうだん). The word can also imply a sense of unity or collective action within the group.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1131

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tale

Reading

Kanji

物Thing 語Language, Word

Explanation

The Japanese noun '物語 (ものがたり)' refers to a 'tale' or 'story'. It is commonly used to describe a narrative, whether fictional or based on real events, that is told in a structured manner. This word often carries a sense of tradition or literary value, and it can be used to describe anything from ancient legends to modern novels. For example: I read an old tale「古い物語を読みました」(ふるいものがたりをよみました). This tale is very interesting「この物語はとても面白いです」(このものがたりはとてもおもしろいです). The word can also imply a deeper or more meaningful story, often with a moral or lesson.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1133

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Elderly

Reading

Kanji

老Old, Aged 人Person

Explanation

The Japanese noun '老人 (ろうじん)' refers to an elderly person or old people in general. It is a neutral term used to describe someone who is advanced in age, typically implying respect for their experience and wisdom. However, context matters, as it can sometimes carry a slightly negative connotation depending on usage. Example sentences: The elderly man is walking slowly「老人がゆっくり歩いている」(ろうじんがゆっくりあるいている). We should respect the elderly「私たちは老人を尊敬すべきだ」(わたしたちはろうじんをそんけいすべきだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1134

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Development

Reading

Kanji

開Open 発Departure

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '開発 (かいはつ)' means 'development'. It is commonly used in contexts related to the creation, improvement, or advancement of products, technologies, areas, or ideas. For example: the development of new technology「新しい技術の開発」(あたらしいぎじゅつのかいはつ). This area is under development「この地域は開発中です」(このちいきはかいはつちゅうです). It can also refer to the exploitation of resources, such as in 'land development'「土地の開発」(とちのかいはつ). The word is neutral and widely applicable across industries, including technology, real estate, and education.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1136

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Occurrence

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 生Life

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発生 (はっせい)' refers to the occurrence, outbreak, or generation of something, often used in contexts like natural phenomena, events, or issues. It implies the beginning or emergence of a situation or condition. For example: the occurrence of an earthquake「地震の発生」(じしんのはっせい). The outbreak of a disease「病気の発生」(びょうきのはっせい). It can also be used in technical or scientific contexts, such as the generation of energy「エネルギーの発生」(えねるぎーのはっせい).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1139

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Statement

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 言Say

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発言 (はつげん)' refers to the act of making a statement or expressing an opinion, often in a formal or public setting. It is commonly used in contexts such as meetings, debates, or discussions. For example: His statement was very clear「彼の発言はとても明確でした」(かれのはつげんはとてもめいかくでした). Please refrain from making unnecessary statements「不必要な発言は控えてください」(ふひつようなはつげんはひかえてください). The word emphasizes the act of speaking out or contributing to a conversation, and it often carries a sense of responsibility or significance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1140

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discovery

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 見See

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発見 (はっけん)' means 'discovery'. It refers to the act of finding or uncovering something previously unknown or hidden. This word is often used in scientific, historical, or everyday contexts to describe the process of identifying something new. For example: The discovery of a new species「新種の発見」(しんしゅのはっけん). He made a surprising discovery「彼は驚くべき発見をした」(かれはおどろくべきはっけんをした). Note that '発見' can also imply a sense of realization or insight, such as discovering a solution to a problem.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1143

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tomorrow

Reading

Kanji

明Bright 日Day, Sun

Explanation

The Japanese noun '明日 (あす)' means 'tomorrow'. It refers to the day after today. This word is commonly used in daily conversations and can be used in various contexts, such as making plans or discussing future events. For example: I will go to the park tomorrow「明日、公園に行きます」(あす、こうえんにいきます). Tomorrow is a holiday「明日は休日です」(あすはきゅうじつです). It's important to note that '明日' can also be read as 'あした' in some contexts, which carries the same meaning but is slightly more casual.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1144

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Departure

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 発Departure

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '出発 (しゅっぱつ)' means 'departure'. It refers to the act of leaving or setting out from a place, often used in contexts like travel, trips, or starting a journey. It can also metaphorically describe the beginning of a new endeavor or phase. For example: The train's departure is at 8 AM「電車の出発は8時です」(でんしゃのしゅっぱつは8じです). We will depart for Kyoto tomorrow「明日、京都へ出発します」(あした、きょうとへしゅっぱつします). Note that '出発' is often used with the verb 'する' to form the phrase '出発する', meaning 'to depart'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1145

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Range

Reading

Kanji

範Model, Pattern 囲Surround

Explanation

The Japanese noun '範囲 (はんい)' means 'range'. It refers to the extent or scope of something, such as a physical area, a set of values, or a field of activity. This word is commonly used in both everyday and technical contexts. For example: the range of the mountains「山の範囲」(やまのはんい). The temperature range is wide「温度の範囲は広い」(おんどのはんいはひろい). It can also be used metaphorically, as in 'the range of his knowledge is impressive'「彼の知識の範囲はすごい」(かれのちしきのはんいはすごい).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1146

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Announcement

Reading

Kanji

発Departure 表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '発表 (はっぴょう)' means 'announcement' or 'presentation'. It refers to the act of making something known publicly, often in a formal or official setting. This word is commonly used in academic, business, and media contexts. For example: The company made an announcement about the new product「会社は新製品について発表した」(かいしゃはしんせいひんについてはっぴょうした). I will give a presentation at the conference「私は会議で発表します」(わたしはかいぎではっぴょうします). The teacher announced the test results「先生はテストの結果を発表した」(せんせいはテストのけっかではっぴょうした). Note that '発表' can also imply a sense of responsibility or formality, as it often involves sharing information that others are waiting to hear.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1148

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expression

Reading

Kanji

表Surface, Express 現Appear, Current

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '表現 (ひょうげん)' means 'expression'. It refers to the act of conveying thoughts, feelings, or ideas through words, art, gestures, or other forms of communication. It is commonly used in contexts related to language, art, and emotions. For example: Her expression in the painting is beautiful「彼女の絵の中の表現は美しい」(かのじょのえのなかのひょうげんはうつくしい). I struggled to find the right words to express my feelings「気持ちを表現する適切な言葉を見つけるのに苦労した」(きもちをひょうげんするてきせつなことばをみつけるのにくろうした). Note that '表現' can also refer to artistic or creative expression, as well as linguistic expression.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1149

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Disorder

Reading

Kanji

症Symptom

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '症 (しょう)' is used to denote a medical condition, disorder, or syndrome. It is commonly attached to words to specify a particular ailment or health issue. For example: anxiety disorder「不安症」(ふあんしょう). This suffix is often used in medical contexts and can be found in terms describing both physical and psychological conditions. Another example: obsessive-compulsive disorder「強迫症」(きょうはくしょう). It's important to note that '症' is not used alone but as part of a compound word to describe specific disorders.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1150

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Representation, Delegate

Reading

Kanji

代Substitute, Era 表Surface, Express

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '代表 (だいひょう)' can mean 'representation' or 'delegate'. As 'representation', it refers to the act of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or something. As 'delegate', it refers to a person chosen or appointed to represent others. Example sentences: He is the representative of our company「彼は私たちの会社の代表です」(かれはわたしたちのかいしゃのだいひょうです). This painting is a representation of peace「この絵は平和の代表です」(このえはへいわのだいひょうです). The nuance here is that '代表' can refer to both the concept of representation and the person who represents, depending on context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1151

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Age

Reading

Kanji

年Year 齢Age

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年齢 (ねんれい)' means 'age'. It refers to the number of years a person or thing has existed. This word is commonly used in formal contexts, such as when filling out forms or discussing demographics. For example: What is your age?「あなたの年齢は何歳ですか？」(あなたのねんれいはなんさいですか？). The legal drinking age is 20「飲酒の法定年齢は20歳です」(いんしゅのほうていねんれいははたちです). Note that '年齢' is more formal than '歳 (さい)', which is also used to express age but in a more casual manner.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1153

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

I, We

Reading

Kanji

我Self, Ego

Explanation

The Japanese pronoun '我 (われ)' is a formal or literary way to refer to oneself or a group. It can mean 'I' or 'we' depending on the context. This pronoun is often used in written language, speeches, or formal settings, and it carries a somewhat archaic or solemn tone. It is less commonly used in everyday conversation, where '私 (わたし)' or '僕 (ぼく)' are more typical for 'I', and '私たち (わたしたち)' for 'we'. Example sentences: I will never forget this「我はこれを忘れない」(われはこれをわすれない). We must protect our homeland「我らは祖国を守らねばならない」(われらはそこくをまもらねばならない). Note that '我' can also appear in compound words like '我々 (われわれ)', which explicitly means 'we'.

Part Of Speech

pronoun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1154

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sense, Sensation

Reading

Kanji

感Feeling, Sensation 覚Remember, Awake

Explanation

The Japanese noun '感覚 (かんかく)' refers to the physical or mental perception of stimuli, often translated as 'sensation' or 'sense'. It can describe the physical senses (touch, taste, smell, etc.) or a more abstract sense of understanding or intuition. For example: I lost sensation in my hand「手の感覚がなくなった」(てのかんかくがなくなった). He has a good sense of direction「彼は方向感覚が優れている」(かれはほうこうかんかくがすぐれている). The word is also used in contexts like 'a sense of beauty' (美の感覚, びのかんかく) or 'a sense of danger' (危険の感覚, きけんのかんかく).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1157

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Religion

Reading

Kanji

教Teach

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '教 (きょう)' means 'religion' or 'teaching'. It is commonly used as a suffix to denote a specific religion or system of belief. For example: Christianity「キリスト教」(きりすときょう), Buddhism「仏教」(ぶっきょう), or Confucianism「儒教」(じゅきょう). This suffix is attached to the name or root of the religion to form the word. It is important to note that '教' can also appear in other contexts, such as '教育 (きょういく)' meaning 'education', but as a standalone suffix, it primarily refers to religious teachings or systems.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1158

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Finger

Reading

Kanji

指Finger

Explanation

The Japanese noun '指 (ゆび)' refers to a 'finger'. It is used to describe the digits on a hand, and can also refer to toes in certain contexts, though '足の指 (あしのゆび)' is more specific for toes. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be found in various expressions. For example: my finger hurts「指が痛い」(ゆびがいたい). She pointed with her finger「彼女は指で指した」(かのじょはゆびでさした). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as in '指を差す (ゆびをさす)', which means 'to point at' or 'to accuse'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1159

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Group

Reading

Kanji

団Group, Association 体Body

Explanation

The Japanese noun '団体 (だんたい)' refers to a 'group' or 'organization', typically a formal or organized one. It is often used to describe entities such as corporations, associations, or clubs. For example: a sports organization「スポーツ団体」(スポーツだんたい). The group held a meeting「その団体は会議を開いた」(そのだんたいはかいぎをひらいた). This word emphasizes the collective nature of the group, often implying a structured or official entity.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1160

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

World, Society

Reading

Kanji

世World, Generation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '世 (よ)' primarily means 'world' or 'society'. It refers to the physical world, human society, or the realm of existence. It is often used in a broad sense to describe the environment or era in which people live. For example: the world is vast「世は広い」(よはひろい). He is well-known in society「彼は世に知られている」(かれはよにしられている). The word can also imply the passage of time or an era, as in 'この世 (このよ) (this world)' or '来世 (らいせ) (the next world)'. It is a versatile term used in both literal and metaphorical contexts.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1161

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Left

Reading

Kanji

左Left

Explanation

The Japanese noun '左 (ひだり)' means 'left'. It refers to the direction or side that is opposite of right. This word is commonly used in everyday contexts to indicate direction, position, or orientation. For example: turn left「左に曲がってください」(ひだりにまがってください). The book is on the left「本は左にあります」(ほんはひだりにあります). It can also be used in compound words, such as '左手 (ひだりて)' meaning 'left hand'. Note that '左' is often used in contrast with '右 (みぎ)' meaning 'right'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1162

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Modern

Reading

Kanji

近Near 代Substitute, Era

Explanation

The Japanese noun '近代 (きんだい)' refers to the 'modern' era or period, typically in the context of history or society. It often denotes the period from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, characterized by industrialization, modernization, and significant cultural and political changes. For example: Japan modernized during the Meiji era「日本は明治時代に近代化した」(にほんはめいじじだいできんだいかした). Modern architecture is fascinating「近代建築は魅力的だ」(きんだいけんちくはみりょくてきだ). The word is commonly used in historical, cultural, and academic discussions to describe the transition from traditional to contemporary society.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1163

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Singer

Reading

Kanji

歌Song 手Hand

Explanation

The Japanese noun '歌手 (かしゅ)' means 'singer'. This term is used to refer to a person who sings professionally or as a hobby. It is commonly used in contexts related to music, performances, and entertainment. For example: She is a famous singer「彼女は有名な歌手です」(かのじょはゆうめいなかしゅです). I want to become a singer「歌手になりたい」(かしゅになりたい). The word can be used to describe singers in various genres, such as pop, classical, or jazz.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1164

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Plan

Reading

Kanji

計Measure, Plan 画Picture

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '計画 (けいかく)' means 'plan'. It refers to a detailed proposal for doing or achieving something, often involving a series of steps or actions. This word is commonly used in both personal and professional contexts to describe strategies, projects, or schedules. For example: I made a plan for the trip「旅行の計画を立てた」(りょこうのけいかくをたてた). The company is working on a new business plan「会社は新しい事業計画を進めている」(かいしゃはあたらしいじぎょうけいかくをすすめている). The nuance of '計画' often implies a structured and deliberate approach to achieving a goal.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1166

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Uncle

Reading

Kanji

伯Chief, Older sibling of parent 父Father

Explanation

The Japanese noun '伯父 (おじ)' refers to an uncle, specifically one's father's older brother. It is used to denote a familial relationship and is part of the Japanese kinship terminology. The term is distinct from '叔父 (おじ)', which refers to one's father's younger brother. Example sentences include: My uncle is coming over「伯父が来ます」(おじがきます). I visited my uncle's house「伯父の家を訪ねました」(おじのいえをたずねました). The term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to refer to this specific family member.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1167

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Korea

Reading

Kanji

韓Korea 国Country

Explanation

The Japanese proper noun '韓国 (かんこく)' refers to 'Korea', specifically South Korea. It is used to denote the country, its culture, people, or anything related to it. For example: I want to visit Korea「韓国に行きたい」(かんこくにいきたい). Korean food is delicious「韓国料理は美味しい」(かんこくりょうりはおいしい). The term is commonly used in everyday conversation and media when discussing South Korea. Note that '韓国' specifically refers to South Korea, while North Korea is referred to as '北朝鮮 (きたちょうせん)'.

Part Of Speech

proper noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1168

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Citizen

Reading

Kanji

市City, Market 民People, Nation

Explanation

The Japanese noun '市民 (しみん)' means 'citizen'. It refers to a person who is a member of a particular city, town, or country, and who has rights and responsibilities within that community. This term is often used in contexts related to civic duties, local governance, and community involvement. For example: The citizens of this city are very active「この街の市民はとても活発です」(このまちのしみんはとてもかっぱつです). She is a proud citizen of Tokyo「彼女は東京の誇り高い市民です」(かのじょはとうきょうのほこりたかいしみんです). The word can also be used in broader contexts to refer to people who are part of a larger society or community, emphasizing their role and participation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1171

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doctor

Reading

Kanji

医Doctor 師Master, Expert

Explanation

The Japanese noun '医師 (いし)' refers to a medical doctor, specifically someone who is licensed to practice medicine. This term is formal and is often used in professional or official contexts. It is distinct from more casual terms like 'お医者さん (おいしゃさん)', which is also used to refer to a doctor but in a more conversational or friendly tone. Example sentences: The doctor examined the patient「医師は患者を診察した」(いしはかんじゃをしんさつした). She became a doctor「彼女は医師になった」(かのじょはいしになった). Note that '医師' is typically used in written or formal speech, while 'お医者さん' is more common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1172

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Creation

Reading

Kanji

作Make 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese noun '作成 (さくせい)' refers to the act of creating, preparing, or producing something, often in a formal or systematic manner. It is commonly used in contexts such as document preparation, data compilation, or the creation of materials. For example: the creation of a report「レポートの作成」(れぽーとのさくせい). She is preparing the presentation materials「彼女はプレゼンテーション資料を作成している」(かのじょはぷれぜんてーしょんしりょうをさくせいしている). This word is often used in professional or technical settings to describe the process of making something with care and precision.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1173

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crime, Sin

Reading

Kanji

罪Sin, Guilt

Explanation

The Japanese noun '罪 (つみ)' can mean both 'sin' and 'crime', depending on the context. When referring to 'sin', it often carries a moral or religious connotation, such as an act against divine or ethical laws. For example: he confessed his sin「彼は自分の罪を告白した」(かれはじぶんのつみをこくはくした). When referring to 'crime', it denotes an act punishable by law. For example: committing a crime is wrong「罪を犯すのは間違っている」(つみをおかすのはまちがっている). The word is versatile and can be used in both formal and informal contexts, but its nuance depends heavily on the situation.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1176

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Teacher

Reading

Kanji

教Teach 師Master, Expert

Explanation

The Japanese noun '教師 (きょうし)' means 'teacher'. It refers to someone who teaches professionally, typically in schools or educational institutions. This word is formal and is often used to describe educators in academic settings. For example: The teacher is kind「教師は優しい」(きょうしはやさしい). I want to become a teacher「教師になりたい」(きょうしになりたい). Note that '教師' is more formal than other words like '先生 (せんせい)', which is also used to mean 'teacher' but can be used more broadly to address professionals like doctors or mentors.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1177

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Goal

Reading

Kanji

目Eye 標Signpost, Mark

Explanation

The Japanese noun '目標 (もくひょう)' means 'goal'. It refers to an objective or target that someone aims to achieve. This word is commonly used in both personal and professional contexts, such as setting life goals, career targets, or project milestones. For example: my goal is to become fluent in Japanese「私の目標は日本語が流暢になることです」(わたしのもくひょうはにほんごがりゅうちょうになることです). The team set a new goal「チームは新しい目標を設定しました」(チームはあたらしいもくひょうをせっていしました). The word can also imply a sense of direction or purpose, as in '人生の目標 (じんせいのもくひょう) (life goal)'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1179

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Various

Reading

Kanji

色Color

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '色々 (いろいろ)' means 'various' or 'a variety of'. It is used to describe a range of different things or situations. This word is often used to indicate diversity or multiplicity. For example: There are various kinds of flowers「色々な花があります」(いろいろなはながあります). I have various hobbies「私は色々な趣味があります」(わたしはいろいろなしゅみがあります). It can also be used to express that someone has tried many different things, as in 'I've tried various methods「色々な方法を試しました」(いろいろなほうほうをためしました)'. The word is versatile and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1184

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Literature

Reading

Kanji

文Sentence 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese noun '文学 (ぶんがく)' means 'literature'. It refers to written works, especially those considered to have artistic or intellectual value. This term encompasses novels, poetry, essays, and other forms of written expression. For example: I study Japanese literature「私は日本文学を勉強しています」(わたしはにほんぶんがくをべんきょうしています). Modern literature is fascinating「現代文学は魅力的です」(げんだいぶんがくはみりょくてきです). The word is often used in academic or cultural contexts to discuss literary works or movements.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1185

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Amount

Reading

Kanji

金Gold 額Amount, Forehead

Explanation

The Japanese noun '金額 (きんがく)' refers to the 'amount' of money, specifically the sum or total of a monetary value. It is commonly used in contexts involving transactions, payments, or financial discussions. For example: The total amount is 10,000 yen「金額は1万円です」(きんがくはいちまんえんです). Please check the amount on the receipt「領収書の金額を確認してください」(りょうしゅうしょのきんがくをかくにんしてください). This word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1188

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Originally

Reading

Kanji

元Origin

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '元々 (もともと)' means 'originally' or 'from the start'. It is used to indicate that something has been a certain way since the beginning or to emphasize the inherent nature of something. This word is often used to clarify that a situation or condition is not new but has always existed. For example: I was originally from Kyoto「元々京都出身です」(もともときょうとしゅっしんです). This place was originally a park「元々ここは公園でした」(もともとここはこうえんでした). The word can also imply that something is natural or expected, as in '元々彼は優しい人です (もともとかれはやさしいひとです) (He was originally a kind person).'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1189

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fish

Reading

Kanji

魚Fish

Explanation

The Japanese noun '魚 (さかな)' means 'fish'. This word refers to the aquatic animal, and it is commonly used in everyday conversation, cooking, and biology. It can refer to fish in general or specific types of fish, depending on the context. For example: I like fish「魚が好きです」(さかながすきです). This fish is delicious「この魚は美味しい」(このさかなはおいしい). When used in compound words, it often retains its meaning, such as in '魚市場 (さかないちば)' (fish market). Note that '魚' can also be read as 'うお' in certain contexts, but 'さかな' is the more common reading in modern Japanese.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1190

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Difference

Reading

Kanji

差Difference

Explanation

The Japanese noun '差 (さ)' primarily means 'difference'. It refers to the distinction or gap between two or more things, whether in quantity, quality, or degree. This word is often used in contexts where comparison is involved. For example: there is a big difference between them「彼らの間には大きな差がある」(かれらのあいだにはおおきなさがある). The temperature difference is significant「温度の差が大きい」(おんどのさがおおきい). Additionally, '差' can also be used in mathematical contexts to denote the result of subtraction, as in 'the difference between 10 and 6 is 4'「10と6の差は4です」(じゅうとろくのさはよんです).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1192

Composition

kanji

Handwriting