Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Part Of Speech

word

Meaning

Confirmation

Reading

Kanji

確Certain 認Recognize, Admit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '確認 (かくにん)' means 'confirmation'. It refers to the act of verifying or checking something to ensure its accuracy, correctness, or existence. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in business, daily conversations, or instructions. For example: Please confirm the schedule「スケジュールを確認してください」(スケジュールをかくにんしてください). I confirmed the reservation「予約を確認しました」(よやくをかくにんしました). It can also be used in compound verbs like '確認する (かくにんする)' to mean 'to confirm'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1349

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Function

Reading

Kanji

機Machine, Opportunity 能Ability

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '機能 (きのう)' means 'function'. It refers to the purpose, role, or operation of something, often used in technical, mechanical, or organizational contexts. For example: This machine's function is to cut paper「この機械の機能は紙を切ることです」(このきかいのきのうはかみをきることです). The new software improves system functionality「新しいソフトウェアはシステムの機能を向上させます」(あたらしいソフトウェアはシステムのきのうをこうじょうさせます). It can also describe the ability of something to perform its intended role, as in 'The phone's camera function is excellent'「その電話のカメラ機能は素晴らしい」(そのでんわのカメラきのうはすばらしい).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1352

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Preparation

Reading

Kanji

準Follow, Semi 備Equip, Provide

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '準備 (じゅんび)' means 'preparation'. It refers to the act of getting ready or making arrangements for something. This word is commonly used in various contexts, such as preparing for an event, a trip, or even a meal. For example: I am preparing for the exam「試験の準備をしています」(しけんのじゅんびをしています). She made preparations for the party「彼女はパーティーの準備をしました」(かのじょはパーティーのじゅんびをしました). The word can also be used in compound forms, such as '準備運動 (じゅんびうんどう)' (warm-up exercises).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1364

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Design

Reading

Kanji

設Set up, Establish 計Measure, Plan

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '設計 (せっけい)' means 'design'. It refers to the process of planning and creating a detailed plan or blueprint for something, such as a building, machine, or system. This term is commonly used in engineering, architecture, and product development contexts. For example: The design of this building is innovative「この建物の設計は革新的です」(このたてもののせっけいはかくしんてきです). We are working on the design of a new car「私たちは新しい車の設計をしています」(わたしたちはあたらしいくるまのせっけいをしています). The word can also imply a broader sense of planning or structuring, such as in 'system design' or 'life design'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1366

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Explanation

Reading

Kanji

説Theory, Explanation 明Bright

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '説明 (せつめい)' means 'explanation'. It refers to the act of making something clear or understandable by describing or giving details about it. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in education, business, or everyday conversations. For example: Please give me an explanation「説明をしてください」(せつめいをしてください). His explanation was easy to understand「彼の説明は分かりやすかった」(かれのせつめいはわかりやすかった). It can also be used as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '説明する (せつめいする)', meaning 'to explain'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1372

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Release

Reading

Kanji

公Public 開Open

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '公開 (こうかい)' primarily means 'release' or 'public disclosure'. It is commonly used in contexts where something is made available to the public, such as the release of a movie, the disclosure of information, or the opening of a facility to the public. For example: The movie will be released next week「その映画は来週公開されます」(そのえいがはらいしゅうこうかいされます). The government disclosed the data「政府はデータを公開した」(せいふはデータをこうかいした). Note that '公開' can also imply transparency or making something accessible to a wider audience.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1375

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Date

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'デート (でーと)' refers to a romantic or social outing between two people, typically a couple. It is used to describe a planned meeting or activity, such as going to a movie, having dinner, or spending time together. For example: We went on a date yesterday「昨日デートをしました」(きのうでーとをしました). They are on a date at the park「彼らは公園でデート中です」(かれらはこうえんででーとちゅうです). The word is borrowed from English and is commonly used in modern Japanese to describe romantic outings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

1398

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Completion

Reading

Kanji

完Complete 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '完成 (かんせい)' means 'completion'. It refers to the state of something being finished or brought to its final form. This word is often used in contexts such as construction, art, or projects to indicate that the work has been fully realized. For example: The building's construction is complete「建物の完成です」(たてもののかんせいです). The artist announced the completion of his masterpiece「芸術家は彼の傑作の完成を発表した」(げいじゅつかはかれのけっさくのかんせいをはっぴょうした). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the fulfillment of a process or goal.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1400

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Success

Reading

Kanji

成Become 功Merit, Achievement

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '成功 (せいこう)' means 'success'. It refers to the achievement of a desired goal or outcome. This word is commonly used in contexts related to personal, professional, or academic achievements. For example: His success was celebrated by everyone「彼の成功は皆に祝われた」(かれのせいこうはみんなにいわわれた). The project was a great success「そのプロジェクトは大成功だった」(そのプロジェクトはだいせいこうだった). Note that '成功' can also be used as a verb when combined with the auxiliary verb 'する', as in '成功する (せいこうする)', meaning 'to succeed'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1404

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Investment

Reading

Kanji

投Throw 資Capital, Resources

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '投資 (とうし)' means 'investment'. It refers to the act of investing money, time, or resources into something with the expectation of achieving a profit or benefit. This term is commonly used in financial contexts but can also apply to non-monetary investments, such as investing effort into a project. For example: He made a good investment in stocks「彼は株に良い投資をした」(かれはかぶにいいとうしをした). Investing in education is important「教育への投資は重要だ」(きょういくへのとうしはじゅうようだ). The word can also be used metaphorically, such as investing time in a relationship.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1409

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Emphasis

Reading

Kanji

強Strong 調Investigate, Tune

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '強調 (きょうちょう)' means 'emphasis'. It refers to the act of stressing or highlighting the importance of something. This word is often used in contexts where someone wants to draw attention to a particular point or feature. For example: The teacher emphasized the importance of studying「先生は勉強の重要性を強調した」(せんせいはべんきょうのじゅうようせいをきょうちょうした). The advertisement emphasizes the product's quality「その広告は製品の品質を強調している」(そのこうこくはせいひんのひんしつをきょうちょうしている). It can also be used in formal or informal settings, making it versatile in both spoken and written Japanese.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1423

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Drive

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ドライブ (doraibu)' means 'drive'. It refers to the act of operating a vehicle, typically a car, or going for a leisurely trip by car. This word is often used in contexts related to traveling or enjoying a scenic route. For example: Let's go for a drive「ドライブに行こう」(どらいぶにいこう). I enjoy driving along the coast「海岸沿いをドライブするのが好きです」(かいがんぞいをどらいぶするのがすきです). The word can also imply a sense of relaxation or enjoyment associated with driving, rather than just the functional aspect of operating a vehicle.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

1426

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Investigation, Survey

Reading

Kanji

調Investigate, Tune 査Investigate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '調査 (ちょうさ)' can mean either 'investigation' or 'survey', depending on the context. It refers to the act of examining or studying something systematically to gather information. For example: The police are conducting an investigation「警察が調査をしている」(けいさつがちょうさをしている). We conducted a survey about customer satisfaction「顧客満足度についての調査を行った」(こきゃくまんぞくどについてのちょうさをおこなった). This word is often used in formal or professional settings, such as research, business, or law enforcement.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1429

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Provide

Reading

Kanji

提Present, Submit 供Accompany, Offer

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '提供 (ていきょう)' means 'provide' or 'supply'. It is commonly used in contexts where something is being offered or made available, such as services, information, or goods. For example: The company provides free Wi-Fi「その会社は無料のWi-Fiを提供しています」(そのかいしゃはむりょうのWi-Fiをていきょうしています). This restaurant provides vegetarian options「このレストランはベジタリアン向けのメニューを提供しています」(このレストランはベジタリアンむけのメニューをていきょうしています). The word is often used in formal or business settings, and it emphasizes the act of giving or making something accessible to others.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1430

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Proposal

Reading

Kanji

提Present, Submit 案Plan, Proposal

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '提案 (ていあん)' means 'proposal' or 'suggestion'. It refers to the act of formally presenting an idea, plan, or solution for consideration. This word is commonly used in professional, academic, or organizational settings. For example: I submitted a proposal to the company「会社に提案を提出しました」(かいしゃにていあんをていしゅつしました). His proposal was accepted「彼の提案は受け入れられました」(かれのていあんはうけいれられました). The word can also be used in everyday contexts, such as suggesting an idea to friends: Let's consider his proposal「彼の提案を考えましょう」(かれのていあんをかんがえましょう).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1431

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Guidance

Reading

Kanji

案Plan, Proposal 内Inside

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '案内 (あんない)' primarily means 'guidance' or 'information'. It is commonly used to refer to the act of guiding someone, providing directions, or offering information about a place, event, or procedure. For example: I will guide you to the station「駅まで案内します」(えきまであんないします). Please check the event information「イベントの案内を確認してください」(イベントのあんないをかくにんしてください). It can also be used in contexts like invitations or announcements, such as 'tour guide' (観光案内, かんこうあんない) or 'information desk' (案内所, あんないじょ). The word carries a polite and formal tone, often used in professional or service-oriented settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1434

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discussion, Consultation

Reading

Kanji

相Mutual 談Discuss

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '相談 (そうだん)' refers to the act of seeking advice, discussing a matter, or consulting with someone. It is commonly used when someone wants to share their concerns or problems and seek guidance or opinions from others. For example: I consulted with my teacher about my future「先生に将来の相談をした」(せんせいにしょうらいのそうだんをした). Let's discuss this matter「この件について相談しましょう」(このけんについてそうだんしましょう). The word can also imply a collaborative effort to resolve an issue or make a decision, often involving mutual understanding and support.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1443

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Record

Reading

Kanji

記Record 録Record

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '記録 (きろく)' means 'record'. It refers to the act of documenting or recording information, or the information itself that has been documented. This word is commonly used in contexts such as sports, history, or data management. For example: He set a new world record「彼は新しい世界記録を樹立した」(かれはあたらしいせかいきろくをじゅりつした). Please keep a record of the meeting「会議の記録を取ってください」(かいぎのきろくをとってください). The word can also imply a historical or official documentation, as in 'historical records' (歴史的記録, れきしてききろく).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1448

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Recording

Reading

Kanji

録Record 音Sound

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '録音 (ろくおん)' means 'recording'. It refers to the act of capturing sound or audio and storing it for later playback. This word is commonly used in contexts involving music, voice, or any type of audio recording. For example: I made a recording of the lecture「講義の録音をしました」(こうぎのろくおんをしました). Please listen to this recording「この録音を聞いてください」(このろくおんをきいてください). The word can also be used in compound forms, such as '録音機 (ろくおんき)' (recording device) or '録音中 (ろくおんちゅう)' (currently recording).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1450

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relation, Connection

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related 連Take along

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '関連 (かんれん)' refers to a relationship or connection between things. It is often used to describe how two or more items, ideas, or events are linked or associated with each other. For example: There is a strong relation between these two events「これらの二つの出来事には強い関連がある」(これらのふたつのできごとにはつよいかんれんがある). This book has a connection to the topic「この本はそのトピックに関連している」(このほんはそのトピックにかんれんしている). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to discuss correlations, dependencies, or associations.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1454

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relation

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related 係Person in charge, Connection

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '関係 (かんけい)' means 'relation' or 'connection'. It is used to describe the relationship or connection between two or more things, people, or concepts. This word is often used in both formal and informal contexts to discuss relationships, whether they are personal, professional, or abstract. For example: There is no relation between the two events「その二つの出来事には関係がない」(そのふたつのできごとにはかんけいがない). I have a good relationship with my boss「私は上司と良い関係を持っている」(わたしはじょうしとよいかんけいをもっている). The word can also be used in compound forms, such as '人間関係 (にんげんかんけい)' (human relationships) or '因果関係 (いんがかんけい)' (causal relationship).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1455

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Election

Reading

Kanji

選Choose 挙Raise

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '選挙 (せんきょ)' refers to the process of voting to choose a person or group of people for a position, typically in a political context. It is commonly used to describe national, local, or organizational elections. For example: The election will be held next month「選挙は来月行われます」(せんきょはらいげつおこなわれます). He won the election「彼は選挙に勝った」(かれはせんきょにかった). This term is often used in formal settings and is central to discussions about democracy and governance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1471

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Reform

Reading

Kanji

改Reform 革Reform, Leather

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '改革 (かいかく)' means 'reform'. It refers to making changes to something in order to improve it, often used in the context of systems, organizations, or policies. For example: The government is planning a reform「政府は改革を計画している」(せいふはかいかくをけいかくしている). The company needs a reform「その会社は改革が必要だ」(そのかいしゃはかいかくがひつようだ). This term is commonly used in political, economic, and social contexts to describe significant and often systematic changes aimed at improvement.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1475

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Order

Reading

Kanji

命Command, Life 令Orders

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '命令 (めいれい)' means 'order' or 'command'. It is used to describe an authoritative directive given by someone in a position of authority, such as a boss, teacher, or military officer. This term is often used in formal or hierarchical contexts. For example: The boss gave an order「上司が命令を出した」(じょうしがめいれいをだした). The soldier followed the command「兵士は命令に従った」(へいしはめいれいにしたがった). It can also be used in legal or technical contexts, such as in programming, where it refers to a command given to a computer. For example: Execute the command「命令を実行しなさい」(めいれいをじっこうしなさい).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1477

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Organization

Reading

Kanji

組Association, Group 織Weave

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '組織 (そしき)' primarily means 'organization'. It refers to a structured group of people working together towards a common goal, such as a company, institution, or association. It can also refer to the act of organizing or structuring something. For example: The organization is growing「組織が成長している」(そしきがせいちょうしている). He is in charge of organizing the event「彼はイベントの組織を担当している」(かれはイベントのそしきをたんとうしている). Additionally, in a biological context, '組織' can refer to 'tissue', such as in the human body. For example: This tissue is damaged「この組織は損傷している」(このそしきはそんしょうしている).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1480

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Advancement

Reading

Kanji

進Advance 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '進学 (しんがく)' refers to the act of advancing to a higher level of education, such as moving from high school to university. It is commonly used in the context of academic progression. For example: I plan to advance to university「私は大学に進学する予定です」(わたしはだいがくにしんがくするよていです). He advanced to graduate school「彼は大学院に進学しました」(かれはだいがくいんにしんがくしました). The term emphasizes the transition to a more advanced educational stage.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1485

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Expansion, Magnification

Reading

Kanji

拡Expand, Broaden 大Big

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '拡大 (かくだい)' can mean either 'expansion' or 'magnification', depending on the context. When referring to 'expansion', it is often used in contexts like business growth, territorial expansion, or increasing the scope of something. For example: the expansion of the company「会社の拡大」(かいしゃのかくだい). When referring to 'magnification', it is used in contexts like enlarging images or objects, such as in photography or microscopy. For example: the magnification of the image「画像の拡大」(がぞうのかくだい). The word is versatile and can be applied to both physical and abstract concepts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1487

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Commute

Reading

Kanji

通Commute, Pass 勤Diligence

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '通勤 (つうきん)' refers to the act of commuting, specifically traveling between one's home and workplace. It is commonly used in contexts related to daily work routines and transportation. For example: My commute takes an hour「私の通勤は1時間かかります」(わたしのつうきんはいちじかんかかります). He commutes by train「彼は電車で通勤します」(かれはでんしゃでつうきんします). The word is often paired with verbs like する (to do) to form phrases like 通勤する (to commute). It is a key term in discussions about work-life balance and urban transportation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1492

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hiring, Adoption

Reading

Kanji

採Gather, Pick 用Use

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '採用 (さいよう)' has two distinct meanings. The first is 'hiring', which refers to the act of employing someone for a job. For example: The company is hiring new employees「会社は新しい従業員を採用している」(かいしゃはあたらしいじゅうぎょういんをさいようしている). The second meaning is 'adoption', which refers to the act of taking up or implementing something, such as a method, policy, or idea. For example: The school adopted a new teaching method「学校は新しい教育方法を採用した」(がっこうはあたらしいきょういくほうほうをさいようした). The context in which '採用' is used will determine whether it refers to hiring or adoption.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1508

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Graduation

Reading

Kanji

卒Graduate 業Business

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '卒業 (そつぎょう)' means 'graduation'. It refers to the act of completing a course of study, typically from a school or university. This word is commonly used in contexts related to education, such as graduating from high school or university. For example: I graduated from university last year「私は去年大学を卒業しました」(わたしはきょねんだいがくをそつぎょうしました). She will graduate from high school next spring「彼女は来春高校を卒業します」(かのじょはらいしゅんこうこうをそつぎょうします). Additionally, '卒業' can sometimes be used metaphorically to indicate moving on from a phase or stage in life, such as '卒業する' meaning 'to graduate from' a particular habit or mindset.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1511

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Employment

Reading

Kanji

就Settle, Concerning 職Employment

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '就職 (しゅうしょく)' refers to the act of obtaining employment or starting a job, typically after completing education or training. It is commonly used in contexts related to job hunting, career beginnings, or transitioning into the workforce. For example: I found employment at a big company「大きな会社に就職しました」(おおきなかいしゃにしゅうしょくしました). She is looking for employment「彼女は就職を探しています」(かのじょはしゅうしょくをさがしています). The term is often associated with formal or full-time positions and is a significant milestone in Japanese society.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1514

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Discharge

Reading

Kanji

退Retreat 院Institution

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '退院 (たいいん)' refers to the act of being discharged from a hospital or medical facility after receiving treatment. It is commonly used in medical contexts to indicate that a patient has recovered sufficiently to leave the hospital. For example: The patient was discharged from the hospital「患者は退院しました」(かんじゃはたいいんしました). She will be discharged tomorrow「彼女は明日退院します」(かのじょはあしたたいいんします). Note that '退院' is often used in formal or medical settings and implies a sense of recovery or completion of treatment.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1515

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Contract

Reading

Kanji

契Pledge 約Promise, Approximately

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '契約 (けいやく)' refers to a formal agreement or contract between parties. It is commonly used in legal, business, and personal contexts to describe binding agreements. For example: We signed a contract「契約を結びました」(けいやくをむすびました). The contract has been terminated「契約は解除されました」(けいやくはかいじょされました). This term is often paired with verbs like '結ぶ (むすぶ)' (to conclude) or '解除する (かいじょする)' (to cancel) to describe the act of making or ending a contract.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1519

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Negotiation

Reading

Kanji

交Mix 渉Have relations with, Ford

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '交渉 (こうしょう)' means 'negotiation'. It refers to the process of discussing and reaching an agreement between two or more parties. This term is commonly used in business, politics, and personal relationships. For example: The negotiation was successful「交渉は成功した」(こうしょうはせいこうした). We need to start negotiations「交渉を始める必要がある」(こうしょうをはじめるひつようがある). It can also imply a back-and-forth discussion to resolve a conflict or reach a compromise. For instance: The union is in negotiations with the company「組合は会社と交渉中だ」(くみあいはかいしゃとこうしょうちゅうだ).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1521

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Participation

Reading

Kanji

参Participate 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '参加 (さんか)' means 'participation'. It refers to the act of joining or taking part in an event, activity, or group. It is commonly used in formal and informal contexts to describe involvement in meetings, events, or organizations. For example: I will participate in the meeting「会議に参加します」(かいぎにさんかします). She enjoys participating in volunteer activities「彼女はボランティア活動に参加するのが好きです」(かのじょはボランティアかつどうにさんかするのがすきです). Note that '参加' is often paired with verbs like 'する' (to do) or 'する予定です' (plan to do) to indicate participation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1526

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Increase

Reading

Kanji

増Increase 加Join, Add

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '増加 (ぞうか)' means 'increase'. It refers to the act of becoming greater in size, amount, or number. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe growth or expansion in various areas such as population, prices, or data. For example: The population is increasing「人口が増加している」(じんこうがぞうかしている). There was an increase in prices「価格の増加があった」(かかくのぞうかがあった). It's important to note that '増加' is often used in reports, statistics, and discussions about trends.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1528

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Processing

Reading

Kanji

加Join, Add 工Construction

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '加工 (かこう)' means 'processing'. It refers to the act of altering, modifying, or treating raw materials or data to create a finished product or result. This term is commonly used in contexts such as manufacturing, food production, and data handling. For example: The factory processes raw materials「工場は原料を加工する」(こうじょうはげんりょうをかこうする). This data needs further processing「このデータはさらに加工が必要だ」(このデータはさらにかこうがひつようだ). The word can also imply refinement or improvement, as in '加工食品 (かこうしょくひん) (processed food)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1531

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Criticism

Reading

Kanji

批Criticize 判Judge, Stamp

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '批判 (ひはん)' means 'criticism'. It refers to the act of analyzing and evaluating something, often pointing out its faults or shortcomings. This word is commonly used in contexts such as social commentary, reviews, or discussions where judgment or evaluation is involved. For example: His criticism was harsh「彼の批判は厳しかった」(かれのひはんはきびしかった). The media criticized the government「メディアは政府を批判した」(メディアはせいふをひはんした). Note that '批判' can carry a negative connotation, implying disapproval or fault-finding, but it can also be used neutrally in analytical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1534

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Evaluation, Appraisal

Reading

Kanji

評Evaluate 価Price

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '評価 (ひょうか)' refers to the act of assessing or judging the value, quality, or performance of something or someone. It is commonly used in contexts such as performance reviews, product reviews, or academic assessments. For example: The teacher gave a high evaluation to the student「先生はその生徒に高い評価を与えた」(せんせいはそのせいとにたかいひょうかをあたえた). This product received a good appraisal from customers「この商品は顧客から良い評価を受けた」(このしょうひんはこきゃくからよいひょうかをうけた). Note that '評価' can also imply a formal or systematic judgment, often used in professional or academic settings.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1535

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Breakdown, Malfunction

Reading

Kanji

故Reason, Deceased 障Hinder, Hurt

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '故障 (こしょう)' refers to a breakdown or malfunction, typically of machinery, equipment, or systems. It is commonly used to describe when something stops working properly due to a defect or failure. For example: The car broke down「車が故障した」(くるまがこしょうした). The computer is malfunctioning「コンピューターが故障している」(コンピューターがこしょうしている). This term is often used in technical or mechanical contexts but can also apply to abstract systems or plans that fail to function as intended.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1538

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Repair

Reading

Kanji

修Discipline 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '修理 (しゅうり)' means 'repair'. It refers to the act of fixing or restoring something that is broken or damaged. This word is commonly used in contexts involving mechanical, electronic, or structural repairs. For example: I will repair the car「車を修理します」(くるまをしゅうりします). The watch is under repair「時計は修理中です」(とけいはしゅうりちゅうです). It can also be used in a broader sense, such as repairing relationships or systems, though it is most frequently associated with physical objects.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1540

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transfer

Reading

Kanji

乗Ride 換Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乗り換え (のりかえ)' means 'transfer'. It is commonly used in the context of transportation, such as changing trains, buses, or other modes of transport. For example: I need to transfer at Shinjuku Station「新宿駅で乗り換えが必要です」(しんじゅくえきでのりかえがひつようです). The transfer point is on the third floor「乗り換えの場所は三階です」(のりかえのばしょはさんかいです). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe switching from one thing to another, such as changing jobs or switching topics in a conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1544

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Management

Reading

Kanji

管Pipe 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '管理 (かんり)' means 'management'. It refers to the act of controlling, overseeing, or administering something, such as a business, property, or system. This word is commonly used in professional and organizational contexts. For example: He is in charge of the management of the company「彼は会社の管理を担当しています」(かれはかいしゃのかんりをたんとうしています). Proper management of resources is essential「資源の適切な管理が不可欠です」(しげんのてきせつなかんりがふかけつです). The word can also be used in contexts like 'time management' (時間管理, じかんかんり) or 'stress management' (ストレス管理, ストレスかんり).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1558

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arrest

Reading

Kanji

逮Catch up with, Apprehend 捕Catch

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '逮捕 (たいほ)' means 'arrest'. It refers to the act of taking someone into custody by legal authority, typically in the context of law enforcement. This term is commonly used in legal, news, and everyday contexts when discussing criminal activities or police actions. For example: The police made an arrest「警察が逮捕した」(けいさつがたいほした). He was arrested for theft「彼は窃盗で逮捕された」(かれはせっとうでたいほされた). Note that '逮捕' is often used in formal or serious contexts and is not typically used in casual conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1563

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

War

Reading

Kanji

戦Fight, War 争Dispute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '戦争 (せんそう)' means 'war'. It refers to a state of armed conflict between different nations, states, or groups. This term is often used in historical, political, or social contexts to describe large-scale conflicts. For example: The war ended in 1945「戦争は1945年に終わった」(せんそうは1945ねんにおわった). Many people suffered during the war「多くの人が戦争中に苦しんだ」(おおくのひとがせんそうちゅうにくるしんだ). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe intense competition or conflict in non-military contexts, such as 'price wars' or 'trade wars'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1568

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Competition

Reading

Kanji

競Compete 争Dispute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '競争 (きょうそう)' means 'competition'. It refers to a situation in which individuals or groups strive to outperform each other, often in a specific activity or field. This word is commonly used in contexts such as sports, business, academics, or any scenario where rivalry or striving for superiority is involved. For example: The competition was fierce「競争は激しかった」(きょうそうははげしかった). They are in competition for the top position「彼らはトップの座を競争している」(かれらはトップのざをきょうそうしている). Note that '競争' can also imply a sense of striving or effort, not just direct rivalry.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1574

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Swimming

Reading

Kanji

水Water 泳Swim

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '水泳 (すいえい)' means 'swimming'. It refers to the activity or sport of moving through water by using one's arms and legs. This word is commonly used in contexts related to sports, exercise, or recreational activities. For example: I like swimming「水泳が好きです」(すいえいがすきです). Swimming is good for health「水泳は健康に良い」(すいえいけんこうにいい). It can also be used in compound words, such as '水泳大会 (すいえいたいかい)' (swimming competition).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1587

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effect, Influence

Reading

Kanji

影Shadow 響Echo, Reverberate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '影響 (えいきょう)' primarily means 'influence' or 'effect'. It refers to the power or capacity to produce an effect on someone or something, or the result of such an effect. This word is often used in contexts involving social, environmental, or personal impacts. For example: His speech had a big influence on the audience「彼のスピーチは聴衆に大きな影響を与えた」(かれのスピーチはちょうしゅうにおおきなえいきょうをあたえた). The new policy will have a significant effect on the economy「新しい政策は経済に大きな影響を与えるだろう」(あたらしいせいさくはけいざいにおおきなえいきょうをあたえるだろう). It's important to note that '影響' can be used both positively and negatively, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1614

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Construction

Reading

Kanji

建Build 設Set up, Establish

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '建設 (けんせつ)' means 'construction'. It refers to the process of building structures, such as buildings, bridges, or infrastructure. This word is often used in contexts related to urban development, engineering, or architecture. For example: The construction of the new bridge will start next month「新しい橋の建設は来月始まります」(あたらしいはしのけんせつはらいげつはじまります). The company specializes in the construction of skyscrapers「その会社は高層ビルの建設を専門としています」(そのかいしゃはこうそうビルのけんせつをせんもんとしています). Note that '建設' can also be used metaphorically to describe the building or establishment of abstract concepts, such as relationships or systems.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1638

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Structure, Composition

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care 成Become

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '構成 (こうせい)' refers to the way something is composed or structured. It is often used to describe the arrangement or organization of elements within a system, document, artwork, or group. For example: the composition of this painting is unique「この絵の構成は独特だ」(このえのこうせいはどくとくだ). The structure of the team is well-balanced「チームの構成はバランスが取れている」(チームのこうせいはバランスがとれている). Note that '構成' can also be used in contexts like writing, music, or design to describe how parts are arranged to form a whole.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1641

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Position

Reading

Kanji

位Rank 置Put

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '位置 (いち)' means 'position'. It refers to the place or location of something in space or in a particular arrangement. It can also refer to one's status or role in a group or organization. For example: the position of the chair「椅子の位置」(いすのいち). His position in the company is high「彼の会社での位置は高い」(かれのかいしゃでのいちはたかい). This word is often used in contexts involving physical placement, ranking, or situational status.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1647

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Divorce

Reading

Kanji

離Detach, Separate 婚Marriage

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '離婚 (りこん)' means 'divorce'. It refers to the legal dissolution of a marriage. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe the act of ending a marital relationship. For example: They decided to get a divorce「彼らは離婚することに決めた」(かれらはりこんすることにきめた). Divorce rates are increasing「離婚率が増えている」(りこんりつがふえている). The word can also be used in compound phrases, such as '離婚届 (りこんとどけ)' (divorce papers).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1648

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stop

Reading

Kanji

停Halt 車Car

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '停車 (ていしゃ)' means 'stop' and is specifically used in the context of vehicles, such as trains, buses, or cars, coming to a halt. It is often used in transportation-related contexts. For example: the train stopped at the station「電車が駅に停車した」(でんしゃがえきにていしゃした). The bus will stop here「バスはここで停車します」(バスはここでていしゃします). Note that '停車' is distinct from other words for stopping, as it specifically refers to the stopping of vehicles.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1651

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Judgment

Reading

Kanji

判Judge, Stamp 断Decide, Cut off

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '判断 (はんだん)' means 'judgment' or 'decision'. It refers to the act of making a decision or forming an opinion after careful consideration. This word is often used in contexts where someone evaluates a situation or information to reach a conclusion. For example: I made a quick judgment「私はすぐに判断した」(わたしはすぐにはんだんした). His judgment was correct「彼の判断は正しかった」(かれのはんだんはただしかった). It can also be used in professional or formal settings, such as in legal or medical contexts, to describe the process of making a critical decision.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1662

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Air conditioning

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold 房Tassel, Chamber

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '冷房 (れいぼう)' refers to 'air conditioning' or specifically the cooling function of an air conditioning system. It is commonly used in contexts related to temperature control in buildings, vehicles, or other enclosed spaces. For example: Please turn on the air conditioning「冷房をつけてください」(れいぼうをつけてください). The air conditioning is too cold「冷房がききすぎている」(れいぼうがききすぎている). This term is often contrasted with '暖房 (だんぼう)', which refers to heating. It is widely used in daily life, especially during hot summer months in Japan.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1672

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Heating

Reading

Kanji

暖Warm 房Tassel, Chamber

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '暖房 (だんぼう)' refers to 'heating' or a 'heating system'. It is commonly used to describe the act of heating a space or the equipment used to provide warmth, such as heaters or central heating systems. This term is often used in contexts related to home appliances, buildings, or climate control. For example: The heating is on「暖房がついている」(だんぼうがついている). Please turn on the heating「暖房をつけてください」(だんぼうをつけてください). It is important to note that '暖房' specifically refers to heating and is distinct from '冷房 (れいぼう)', which means 'cooling' or 'air conditioning'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1674

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trade

Reading

Kanji

貿Trade 易Easy

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '貿易 (ぼうえき)' refers to 'trade', specifically the exchange of goods and services between countries or regions. It is commonly used in contexts related to international commerce, economics, and business. For example: Japan trades with many countries「日本は多くの国と貿易をしている」(にほんはおおくのくにとぼうえきをしている). International trade is important for the economy「国際貿易は経済にとって重要だ」(こくさいぼうえきはけいざいにとってじゅうようだ). The term can also be used in compound words like '貿易会社 (ぼうえきがいしゃ)' (trading company) or '貿易赤字 (ぼうえきあかじ)' (trade deficit).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1682

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Import

Reading

Kanji

輸Transport 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '輸入 (ゆにゅう)' means 'import'. It refers to the act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad for sale or use. This term is commonly used in economic and trade contexts. For example: Japan imports oil from the Middle East「日本は中東から石油を輸入する」(にほんはちゅうとうからせきゆをゆにゅうする). The company imports high-quality materials「その会社は高品質の材料を輸入する」(そのかいしゃはこうひんしつのざいりょうをゆにゅうする). It is often used in contrast with '輸出 (ゆしゅつ)', which means 'export'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1685

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Export

Reading

Kanji

輸Transport 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '輸出 (ゆしゅつ)' means 'export'. It refers to the act of sending goods or services to another country for sale or trade. This term is commonly used in economic, business, and trade contexts. For example: Japan exports cars「日本は車を輸出する」(にほんはくるまをゆしゅつする). The company exports electronics「その会社は電子機器を輸出する」(そのかいしゃはでんしききをゆしゅつする). The word can also be used in compound terms, such as '輸出業 (ゆしゅつぎょう)' (export industry).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1688

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Review

Reading

Kanji

復Restore 習Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '復習 (ふくしゅう)' means 'review' or 'revision'. It refers to the act of going over previously learned material to reinforce understanding or memory. This term is commonly used in educational contexts, such as studying for exams or practicing skills. For example: I will review the lesson「復習をします」(ふくしゅうをします). She reviewed her notes before the test「彼女はテスト前にノートを復習した」(かのじょはテストまえにノートをふくしゅうした). The word emphasizes the repetition of learning to ensure retention and mastery.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1693

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Study abroad

Reading

Kanji

留Stay, Detain 学Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '留学 (りゅうがく)' refers to the act of studying abroad, typically in a foreign country for a certain period of time. It is commonly used in contexts where someone is pursuing education or research in a different country. For example: I want to study abroad in America「アメリカに留学したいです」(あめりかにりゅうがくしたいです). She is studying abroad in France「彼女はフランスに留学しています」(かのじょはふらんすにりゅうがくしています). The term is often associated with higher education but can also apply to language studies or specialized training programs.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1696

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Early rising

Reading

Kanji

早Early, Fast 起Wake up

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '早起き (はやおき)' means 'early rising' or 'getting up early'. It is used to describe the act of waking up early in the morning. This word is often associated with a positive habit or lifestyle choice. For example: I like early rising「私は早起きが好きです」(わたしははやおきがすきです). Early rising is good for health「早起きは健康に良い」(はやおきはけんこうにいい). The word can also be used in compound phrases, such as '早起きする (はやおきする)', which means 'to get up early'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1708

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Nap

Reading

Kanji

昼Daytime, Noon 寝Lie down, Go to sleep

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '昼寝 (ひるね)' refers to a 'nap' or 'siesta', specifically a short sleep taken during the daytime. It is commonly used to describe a rest taken after lunch or during a break in the day. This word is often used in casual contexts and is associated with relaxation. For example: I took a nap after lunch「昼ご飯の後に昼寝をした」(ひるごはんのあとにひるねをした). Taking a nap is refreshing「昼寝をすると気分がすっきりする」(ひるねをするときぶんがすっきりする). The word '昼寝' is distinct from '睡眠 (すいみん)', which refers to sleep in general, as it specifically denotes a short, daytime rest.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1709

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exchange

Reading

Kanji

両Both 替Replace, Exchange

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '両替 (りょうがえ)' refers to the act of exchanging one form of currency for another, such as converting yen to dollars or vice versa. It is commonly used in contexts involving money exchange, such as at banks, airports, or currency exchange offices. For example: I exchanged yen for dollars「円をドルに両替しました」(えんをドルにりょうがえしました). Where can I exchange money?「どこでお金を両替できますか？」(どこでおかねをりょうがえできますか？). This term is specific to currency exchange and does not apply to other types of exchanges.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1715

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Consideration, Examination

Reading

Kanji

検Examine 討Chastise

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '検討 (けんとう)' primarily means 'consideration' or 'examination'. It refers to the act of carefully thinking about or analyzing something, often in preparation for making a decision. This word is commonly used in formal or professional contexts, such as business meetings, academic discussions, or policy-making. For example: We will consider the proposal「提案を検討します」(ていあんをけんとうします). The committee is examining the plan「委員会はその計画を検討しています」(いいんかいはそのけいかくをけんとうしています). Note that '検討' often implies a thorough and deliberate process, and it is frequently paired with verbs like 'する' (to do) or '行う' (to carry out).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1744

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hiking

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ハイキング (haikingu)' means 'hiking'. It refers to the activity of walking in nature, often in mountains or forests, for pleasure or exercise. This word is borrowed from English and is commonly used in Japanese. For example: Let's go hiking this weekend「今週末ハイキングに行きましょう」(こんしゅうまつハイキングにいきましょう). I enjoy hiking in the mountains「山でハイキングをするのが好きです」(やまでハイキングをするのがすきです). The word is often used in casual conversations and is associated with outdoor activities and nature exploration.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

1759

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lateness

Reading

Kanji

遅Slow, Late 刻Engrave

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '遅刻 (ちこく)' refers to the act of being late or tardiness, particularly in the context of arriving late to school, work, or appointments. It is commonly used in formal and informal settings to describe someone's failure to arrive on time. For example: I was late for school「学校に遅刻した」(がっこうにちこくした). He is always late for meetings「彼はいつも会議に遅刻する」(かれはいつもかいぎにちこくする). The word is often used with the verb 'する' to indicate the action of being late, as in '遅刻する (ちこくする) (to be late).' It carries a slightly negative connotation, implying responsibility for the delay.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1775

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Moving

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 越Go across, Go beyond

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '引っ越し (ひっこし)' refers to the act of moving or relocating from one place to another, typically involving changing residences. It is commonly used when someone is moving to a new house or apartment. For example: I will move next month「来月引っ越しします」(らいげつひっこしします). They are moving to Tokyo「彼らは東京に引っ越しします」(かれらはとうきょうにひっこしします). The term is often used in contexts involving packing, transporting belongings, and settling into a new home.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1809

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Rise, Ascent

Reading

Kanji

上Up 昇Ascend, Rise up

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '上昇 (じょうしょう)' primarily means 'rise' or 'ascent'. It is used to describe an upward movement or increase in level, status, or quantity. This word is often used in contexts such as economics, physics, or general descriptions of upward motion. For example: The balloon's rise was rapid「風船の上昇は速かった」(ふうせんのじょうしょうははやかった). The stock market experienced a sharp rise「株価が急激に上昇した」(かぶかがきゅうげきにじょうしょうした). Note that '上昇' can also be used metaphorically, such as in describing a person's rise in status or rank.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1814

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excuse, Rude

Reading

Kanji

失Lose, Fault 礼Bow, Salute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '失礼 (しつれい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'rude', referring to behavior that is impolite or disrespectful. For example: That was rude「それは失礼でした」(それはしつれいでした). The second meaning is 'excuse', often used as a polite way to apologize or take leave. For example: Excuse me, I must leave now「失礼します、もう行かなければなりません」(しつれいします、もういかなければなりません). The word is commonly used in formal and casual settings to express politeness or acknowledge a social misstep.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1819

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thanks

Reading

Kanji

礼Bow, Salute

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お礼 (おれい)' means 'thanks' or 'gratitude'. It is used to express appreciation or acknowledgment for something someone has done. This word is often used in formal or polite contexts, such as when thanking someone for a gift, favor, or kind gesture. For example: I gave my thanks「お礼を言いました」(おれいをいいました). She expressed her gratitude with a gift「彼女はお礼にプレゼントをくれました」(かのじょはおれいにぷれぜんとをくれました). It can also refer to a token of appreciation, such as a gift given in return for a favor. Note that 'お礼' is often used in combination with verbs like '言う (いう)' (to say) or 'する' (to do) to form phrases like 'お礼を言う' (to say thank you) or 'お礼をする' (to show gratitude).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1822

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Injection

Reading

Kanji

注Pour 射Shoot

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '注射 (ちゅうしゃ)' means 'injection'. It refers to the act of injecting a substance, such as a vaccine or medicine, into the body using a syringe. This term is commonly used in medical contexts. For example: I received a flu shot「私はインフルエンザの注射を打った」(わたしはインフルエンザのちゅうしゃをうった). The doctor gave me an injection「医者が私に注射をした」(いしゃがわたしにちゅうしゃをした). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something being introduced forcefully, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1824

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Implementation, Introduction

Reading

Kanji

導Lead, Guide 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '導入 (どうにゅう)' can mean either 'introduction' or 'implementation', depending on the context. When used to mean 'introduction', it refers to the act of bringing something new into a system, environment, or discussion. For example: the introduction of new technology「新しい技術の導入」(あたらしいぎじゅつのどうにゅう). When used to mean 'implementation', it refers to the act of putting a plan or system into effect. For example: the implementation of new policies「新しい政策の導入」(あたらしいせいさくのどうにゅう). The word is often used in business, technology, and academic contexts to describe the process of adopting or applying something new.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1829

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Effort

Reading

Kanji

努Toil 力Power

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '努力 (どりょく)' means 'effort'. It refers to the act of striving or working hard towards a goal. This word is often used in contexts where perseverance and dedication are emphasized. For example: He made an effort to learn Japanese「彼は日本語を学ぶために努力した」(かれはにほんごをまなぶためにどりょくした). Without effort, success is impossible「努力なしでは成功は不可能だ」(どりょくなしではせいこうはふかのうだ). The word can also be used in phrases like '努力家 (どりょくか)', which means 'hard worker' or 'diligent person'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1831

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Processing, Disposal

Reading

Kanji

処Deal with 理Reason

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '処理 (しょり)' primarily means 'processing' or 'disposal', depending on the context. It refers to the act of handling, managing, or dealing with something systematically. In a technical or industrial context, it often refers to data processing or material processing. In everyday usage, it can also mean the disposal of waste or resolving a situation. For example: data processing is important「データの処理は重要です」(データのしょりはじゅうようです). Please dispose of the garbage properly「ゴミを適切に処理してください」(ゴミをてきせつにしょりしてください). The nuance of '処理' often implies a systematic or methodical approach to handling tasks or materials.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1837

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Introduction

Reading

Kanji

紹Introduce 介Mediate, Jammed in

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '紹介 (しょうかい)' means 'introduction'. It is used to refer to the act of introducing someone or something to others. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, such as introducing a person to a group, presenting a new concept, or recommending a product. For example: Let me introduce my friend「友達を紹介します」(ともだちをしょうかいします). This book is highly recommended「この本を紹介します」(このほんをしょうかいします). The word can also be used in compound forms, such as '自己紹介 (じこしょうかい)' (self-introduction), which is often used when meeting someone for the first time.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1840

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Invitation

Reading

Kanji

招Invite 待Wait

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '招待 (しょうたい)' means 'invitation'. It refers to the act of inviting someone to an event, gathering, or occasion. This word is commonly used in formal and informal contexts, such as inviting someone to a party, meeting, or ceremony. For example: I received an invitation to the wedding「結婚式の招待を受けた」(けっこんしきのしょうたいをうけた). Please send an invitation to the guests「ゲストに招待状を送ってください」(ゲストにしょうたいじょうをおくってください). Note that '招待' can also be used as a verb in its stem form, such as '招待する (しょうたいする)', meaning 'to invite'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1846

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cards

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'トランプ (とらんぷ)' refers to 'playing cards' or simply 'cards'. It is derived from the English word 'trump' and is commonly used to refer to a standard deck of playing cards used in games. For example: Let's play cards「トランプをしましょう」(とらんぷをしましょう). I bought a new deck of cards「新しいトランプを買いました」(あたらしいとらんぷをかいました). This word is widely understood in Japanese and is used in casual and formal contexts alike.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

1847

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Love

Reading

Kanji

愛Love

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '愛 (あい)' means 'love'. It refers to a deep feeling of affection, care, or attachment towards someone or something. This word is often used in both romantic and non-romantic contexts, such as love for family, friends, or even hobbies. For example: I love my family「私は家族を愛しています」(わたしはかぞくをあいしています). Love is important in life「愛は人生で大切です」(あいはじんせいでたいせつです). The word can also be used in compound words like '愛犬 (あいけん)' (beloved dog) or '愛国心 (あいこくしん)' (patriotism).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1858

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Celebration

Reading

Kanji

祝Celebrate

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お祝い (おいわい)' refers to a celebration or congratulatory event. It is often used to mark special occasions such as birthdays, weddings, or achievements. The prefix 'お' adds politeness, making it suitable for formal contexts. Example sentences: We held a celebration for her promotion「彼女の昇進のお祝いをしました」(かのじょのしょうしんのおいわいをしました). I received a gift for the celebration「お祝いのプレゼントをもらいました」(おいわいのぷれぜんとをもらいました). The word can also refer to the act of congratulating someone, as in 'お祝いの言葉 (おいわいのことば) (words of congratulations)'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1867

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Trouble

Reading

Kanji

迷Perplexed, Astray 惑Beguile, Bewildered

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '迷惑 (めいわく)' primarily means 'trouble' or 'inconvenience'. It is used to describe a situation where someone's actions cause annoyance, difficulty, or distress to others. This word often carries a nuance of being bothered or inconvenienced by someone else's behavior. For example: I caused trouble to my neighbor「私は隣人に迷惑をかけた」(わたしはりんじんにめいわくをかけた). Loud noises at night are a nuisance「夜の騒音は迷惑だ」(よるのそうおんはめいわくだ). It is commonly used in expressions like '迷惑をかける (めいわくをかける)' which means 'to cause trouble/inconvenience to someone'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1882

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Savings

Reading

Kanji

貯Savings 金Gold

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '貯金 (ちょきん)' refers to the act of saving money or the money that has been saved. It is commonly used in contexts related to personal finance, banking, or setting aside funds for future use. For example: I am saving money for a trip「旅行のために貯金しています」(りょこうのためにちょきんしています). She has a lot of savings「彼女はたくさん貯金があります」(かのじょはたくさんちょきんがあります). The word can also be used in compound phrases like '貯金箱 (ちょきんばこ)' (piggy bank) or '貯金通帳 (ちょきんつうちょう)' (savings passbook).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1893

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cheers

Reading

Kanji

乾Dry 杯Cup, Cupfuls

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '乾杯 (かんぱい)' means 'cheers'. It is commonly used during gatherings, parties, or meals to propose a toast before drinking. This word is often accompanied by raising glasses and is a gesture of goodwill, celebration, or camaraderie. Example sentences: Let's make a toast!「乾杯しましょう！」(かんぱいしましょう). Cheers to your success!「あなたの成功に乾杯！」(あなたのせいこうにかんぱい). Note that '乾杯' is typically used in formal or celebratory contexts and is not used casually in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1908

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Walk

Reading

Kanji

散Scatter 歩Walk

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '散歩 (さんぽ)' means 'walk' or 'stroll'. It refers to the act of walking leisurely, often for relaxation, exercise, or enjoyment. This word is commonly used to describe a casual walk, such as taking a stroll in a park or around the neighborhood. For example: I took a walk in the park「公園で散歩しました」(こうえんでさんぽしました). Let's go for a walk「散歩に行きましょう」(さんぽにいきましょう). It can also be used to describe walking a pet, as in '犬の散歩 (いぬのさんぽ) (walking the dog)'. Note that '散歩' implies a relaxed and unhurried pace, unlike more purposeful walking like commuting or hiking.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1921

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Yawn

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'あくび (akubi)' means 'yawn'. It refers to the involuntary action of opening one's mouth wide and inhaling deeply due to tiredness or boredom. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe the act of yawning or to express feeling sleepy. For example: I couldn't stop yawning during the meeting「会議中にあくびが止まらなかった」(かいぎちゅうにあくびがとまらなかった). She yawned because she was tired「彼女は疲れていたのであくびをした」(かのじょはつかれていたのであくびをした). Note that 'あくび' can also be used metaphorically to describe something boring or uninteresting, as in 'あくびが出るほどつまらない (akubi ga deru hodo tsumaranai)' meaning 'so boring it makes you yawn'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

1922

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spread, Diffusion

Reading

Kanji

普Universal, Widespread 及Reach, Extend

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '普及 (ふきゅう)' refers to the act of spreading or diffusing something widely, such as information, technology, or ideas. It is often used in contexts where something becomes widely adopted or accepted. For example: The spread of smartphones has changed our lives「スマートフォンの普及は私たちの生活を変えた」(すまーとふぉんのふきゅうはわたしたちのせいかつをかえた). The government is promoting the diffusion of renewable energy「政府は再生可能エネルギーの普及を推進している」(せいふはさいせいかのうえねるぎーのふきゅうをすいしんしている). Note that '普及' is often used in formal or technical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1938

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Broadcast

Reading

Kanji

放Release 送Send

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '放送 (ほうそう)' means 'broadcast'. It refers to the transmission of audio or video content to a wide audience via radio, television, or other media platforms. This word is commonly used in contexts related to media, entertainment, and communication. For example: The news will be broadcast at 7 PM「ニュースは7時に放送されます」(ニュースはしちじにほうそうされます). I watched a live broadcast of the concert「コンサートの生放送を見ました」(コンサートのなまほうそうをみました). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the dissemination of information or ideas.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1964

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Knock

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ノック (nokku)' means 'knock'. It refers to the action of striking a surface, typically a door, to announce one's presence or to gain entry. This term is often used in everyday situations, such as when visiting someone's home or office. For example: Please knock before entering「入る前にノックしてください」(はいるまえにノックしてください). I heard a knock at the door「ドアのノックが聞こえた」(ドアのノックがきこえた). Additionally, 'ノック' can also be used in sports contexts, such as baseball, to refer to practice hitting, but this usage is less common in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

1971

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Holding

Reading

Kanji

開Open 催Hold an event, Sponsor

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '開催 (かいさい)' means 'holding' or 'holding an event'. It is commonly used to describe the act of organizing or conducting events, such as meetings, conferences, festivals, or competitions. For example: The festival will be held next week「来週、祭りが開催されます」(らいしゅう、まつりがかいさいされます). The conference was held in Tokyo「会議は東京で開催されました」(かいぎはとうきょうでかいさいされました). This term is often used in formal or official contexts to announce or describe events.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

1982

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Ping pong

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'ピンポン' refers to the sport of table tennis, commonly known as pingpong. It is a loanword from English and is widely recognized in Japan. The term can also be used metaphorically to describe a back-and-forth exchange, similar to the rapid volleys in a pingpong game. Example sentences: Let's play pingpong「ピンポンをしましょう」(ぴんぽんをしましょう). The conversation was like a pingpong match「会話はピンポンのようだった」(かいわはぴんぽんのようだった).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

1999

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Claim, Assertion

Reading

Kanji

主Master 張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '主張 (しゅちょう)' means 'claim' or 'assertion'. It refers to the act of stating or declaring something firmly, often in the context of expressing an opinion, belief, or position. This word is commonly used in discussions, debates, or when someone is emphasizing their point of view. For example: He made a strong claim about the policy「彼はその政策について強く主張した」(かれはそのせいさくについてつよくしゅちょうした). Her assertion was supported by evidence「彼女の主張は証拠によって裏付けられていた」(かのじょのしゅちょうはしょうこによってうらづけられていた). Note that '主張' can also imply a sense of insistence or determination in one's stance.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2014

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attack

Reading

Kanji

攻Attack, Aggression 撃Beat, Strike

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '攻撃 (こうげき)' primarily means 'attack'. It refers to an aggressive and violent action against someone or something, often used in contexts like military, sports, or debates. It can describe both physical and verbal attacks. For example: The army launched an attack「軍隊が攻撃を開始した」(ぐんたいがこうげきをかいしした). He was criticized for his harsh attack on the policy「彼はその政策への厳しい攻撃で批判された」(かれはそのせいさくへのきびしいこうげきでひはんされた). Note that '攻撃' can also be used metaphorically, such as attacking a problem or issue, indicating a strong and direct approach to solving it.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2029

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Burn

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'やけど' refers to a burn injury, typically caused by heat, fire, or chemicals. It is commonly used in medical contexts or everyday situations to describe the injury itself. For example: I got a burn from the hot water「お湯でやけどをした」(おゆでやけどをした). Be careful not to get a burn「やけどしないように気をつけて」(やけどしないようにきをつけて). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional or psychological 'burns,' though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2059

Composition

hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Thief

Reading

Kanji

泥Mud, Adhere to 棒Pole, Bar

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '泥棒 (どろぼう)' means 'thief'. It refers to a person who steals, typically in a sneaky or covert manner. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can describe both petty thieves and more serious criminals. For example: The thief stole my wallet「泥棒が私の財布を盗んだ」(どろぼうがわたしのさいふをぬすんだ). Be careful of thieves in this area「この辺りでは泥棒に気をつけて」(このあたりではどろぼうにきをつけて). The word can also be used in idiomatic expressions, such as '泥棒を捕まえる (どろぼうをつかまえる)' which means 'to catch a thief'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2066

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Laundry

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 濯Wash, Rinse

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '洗濯 (せんたく)' refers to the act of washing clothes or doing laundry. It is commonly used in everyday conversation to talk about household chores. For example: I did the laundry today「今日は洗濯をしました」(きょうはせんたくをしました). The laundry is drying outside「洗濯物が外で乾いています」(せんたくものがそとでかわいています). This word is often combined with other words to form phrases like '洗濯機 (せんたくき)' (washing machine) or '洗濯物 (せんたくもの)' (laundry items).

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2074

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Break

Reading

Kanji

休Rest 憩Rest

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '休憩 (きゅうけい)' means 'break'. It refers to a short period of rest or pause, often taken during work, study, or other activities. This word is commonly used in contexts like taking a break at work or during a long journey. For example: Let's take a break「休憩しましょう」(きゅうけいしましょう). We took a break after two hours of work「2時間働いた後、休憩しました」(にじかんはたらいたあと、きゅうけいしました). It's important to note that '休憩' is often used in formal or semi-formal settings, and it implies a temporary pause with the intention to resume the activity afterward.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2085

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Makeup

Reading

Kanji

化Change 粧Cosmetics, Apply makeup

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '化粧 (けしょう)' primarily means 'makeup'. It refers to the act of applying cosmetics to enhance or alter one's appearance. This word is commonly used in contexts related to beauty, fashion, and personal grooming. For example: She is putting on makeup「彼女は化粧をしている」(かのじょはけしょうをしている). This store sells makeup「この店は化粧を売っている」(このみせはけしょうをうっている). Additionally, '化粧' can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe something being 'dressed up' or 'embellished', such as in the phrase '化粧直し (けしょうなおし)', which means 'touch-up' or 'refurbishment'.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2089

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cooking

Reading

Kanji

自Self 炊Boil, Cook

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '自炊 (じすい)' refers to the act of cooking for oneself, typically at home. It is often used to describe the practice of preparing one's own meals instead of eating out or relying on pre-made food. This term is commonly used by students or individuals living alone. For example: I cook for myself every day「毎日自炊しています」(まいにちじすいしています). Cooking at home is cheaper「自炊は安いです」(じすいはやすいです). The word emphasizes self-sufficiency and independence in meal preparation.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2095

Composition

kanji

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cleaning

Reading

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'クリーニング (kuriiningu)' refers to the act of cleaning, particularly professional cleaning services such as dry cleaning. It is often used in contexts where clothes or other items are cleaned by a professional service. For example: I took my suit to the dry cleaners「スーツをクリーニングに出した」(スーツをクリーニングにだした). This shirt needs cleaning「このシャツはクリーニングが必要だ」(このシャツはクリーニングがひつようだ). The term is borrowed from English and is commonly used in everyday Japanese to refer to cleaning services.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Frequency

2112

Composition

katakana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bow

Reading

Kanji

辞Word, Resign 儀Ceremony

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun 'お辞儀 (おじぎ)' refers to the act of bowing, which is a common gesture in Japanese culture used to show respect, gratitude, or apology. Bowing is deeply ingrained in Japanese etiquette and varies in depth and duration depending on the situation and the level of formality. For example: He bowed deeply to show his respect「彼は深くお辞儀をして敬意を示した」(かれはふかくおじぎをしてけいいをしめした). She gave a slight bow when greeting her teacher「彼女は先生に挨拶するとき軽くお辞儀をした」(かのじょはせんせいにあいさつするときかるくおじぎをした). The depth and duration of the bow can convey different levels of respect or formality, making it an important aspect of Japanese social interactions.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

2126

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting