Jōyō KanjiOrganized by Stroke Count
5 Strokes
kanji
出Meaning
Exit
Reading
de
だda
onyomiしゅつshutsu
Parts
凵Open box 山Mountain
Example Word
出身: origin. The Japanese noun '出身 (しゅっしん)' refers to a person's origin, birthplace, or where they come from. It is commonly used to describe someone's hometown, alma mater, or background. For example: I am from Tokyo「私は東京出身です」(わたしはとうきょうしゅっしんです). She is a graduate of Kyoto University「彼女は京都大学出身です」(かのじょはきょうとだいがくしゅっしんです). This word is often used in introductions or when discussing someone's background. It can also imply a sense of identity or pride in one's roots.
Radical
凵
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N5Grade
1Frequency
4
Handwriting
kanji
生Meaning
Life
Reading
nama
うu
いi
onyomiしょうshou
せいsei
Parts
土Soil 𠂉Person (人)
Example Word
生み出す: produce. The Japanese verb '生み出す (うみだす)' means 'to produce' or 'to create'. It is used to describe the act of bringing something new into existence, whether it be a physical object, an idea, or a result. This verb often implies a sense of innovation or creativity. For example: The artist produced a new masterpiece「その芸術家は新しい傑作を生み出した」(そのげいじゅつかはあたらしいけっさくをうみだした). The company created a revolutionary product「その会社は画期的な製品を生み出した」(そのかいしゃはかっきてきなせいひんをうみだした). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as producing results or outcomes: Hard work produces good results「努力は良い結果を生み出す」(どりょくはよいけっかをうみだす).
Radical
生
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N5Grade
1Frequency
24
Radical Form
龶
Handwriting
kanji
本Meaning
Book, Origin
Reading
moto
onyomiほんhon
Parts
木Tree, Wood 一One
Example Word
根本: root or basis. The Japanese noun '根本 (こんぽん)' refers to the 'root' or 'basis' of something. It is often used to describe the fundamental or essential part of an issue, problem, or concept. For example: the root of the problem「問題の根本」(もんだいのこんぽん). We need to address the basis of the issue「問題の根本に取り組む必要がある」(もんだいのこんぽんにとりくむひつようがある). This word is commonly used in both literal and metaphorical contexts, emphasizing the core or foundation of a matter.
Radical
木
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N5Grade
1Frequency
36
Handwriting
kanji
立Meaning
Stand
Reading
ta
onyomiりつritsu
Parts
亠Lid 䒑Herbs
Example Word
中立: neutrality. The Japanese verbal noun '中立 (ちゅうりつ)' means 'neutrality'. It refers to the state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, or competition. This term is often used in political, social, or ethical contexts to describe a position of impartiality. For example: The country maintained neutrality during the war「その国は戦争中に中立を保った」(そのくにはせんそうちゅうにちゅうりつをたもった). The committee took a neutral stance「委員会は中立の立場を取った」(いいんかいはちゅうりつのたちばをとった). It can also be used in everyday situations to describe a balanced or unbiased approach.
Radical
立
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
39
Handwriting
kanji
目Meaning
Eye
Reading
me
onyomiもくmoku
Parts
二Two 口Mouth
Example Word
目薬: eye drops. The Japanese noun '目薬 (めぐすり)' refers to 'eyedrops', a liquid medication used to treat or soothe eye conditions such as dryness, irritation, or infections. It is commonly used in daily life, especially by people who spend long hours in front of screens or have eye-related health issues. For example: I use eyedrops every day「毎日目薬を使います」(まいにちめぐすりをつかいます). These eyedrops are very effective「この目薬はとても効果的です」(このめぐすりはとてもこうかてきです). The word is often associated with health and self-care contexts.
Radical
目
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
46
Handwriting
kanji
四Meaning
Four
Reading
yon
onyomiしshi
Parts
儿Legs 口Mouth
Example Word
四方: directions. The Japanese noun '四方 (しほう)' refers to the four cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west. It is often used to describe the concept of all directions or the surrounding area. For example: He looked in all directions「彼は四方を見回した」(かれはしほうをみまわした). The wind blows from all directions「風が四方から吹く」(かぜがしほうからふく). This term can also be used metaphorically to indicate a comprehensive or all-encompassing view, as in 'considering all aspects'.
Radical
囗
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N5Grade
1Frequency
77
Handwriting
kanji
代Meaning
Substitute, Era
Reading
ka
onyomiだいdai
Parts
亻Person (人)弋Ceremony
Example Word
代わる: change or replace. The Japanese verb '代わる (かわる)' can mean 'to replace' or 'to change'. When used to mean 'replace', it refers to one thing taking the place of another, often in a role or position. For example: He replaced the manager「彼がマネージャーに代わった」(かれがマネージャーにかわった). When used to mean 'change', it refers to a shift or transformation in state or condition. For example: The seasons change「季節が代わる」(きせつがかわる). This verb is often used in contexts where there is a transition or substitution, and it can be used both for physical and abstract changes.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
78
Handwriting
kanji
世Meaning
World, Generation
Reading
yo
onyomiせいsei
せse
Parts
廿Twenty 𠃊Second (乙)
Example Word
世間: world or society. The Japanese noun '世間 (せけん)' refers to 'society' or 'the world' in a broad sense, often implying the social environment, public opinion, or the general community. It carries a nuance of the collective perspective or norms of people in society. For example: society is harsh「世間は厳しい」(せけんはきびしい). I don't care about what the world thinks「世間の目は気にしない」(せけんのめはきにしない). The word can also imply the boundaries of one's social circle or the realm of everyday life, as in: he is well-known in society「彼は世間に知られている」(かれはせけんにしられている).
Radical
一
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
81
Handwriting
kanji
主Meaning
Master
Reading
nushi
あるじaruji
onyomiすsu
しゅshu
Parts
丶Dot 王King
Example Word
主観: subjectivity. The Japanese noun '主観 (しゅかん)' refers to 'subjectivity', which is the quality of being based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. It is often used in philosophical, psychological, or everyday contexts to describe a personal perspective or interpretation. For example: His opinion is based on subjectivity「彼の意見は主観に基づいている」(かれのいけんはしゅかんにもとづいている). In art, subjectivity is important「芸術において主観は重要だ」(げいじゅつにおいてしゅかんはじゅうようだ). This term contrasts with '客観 (きゃっかん)', which means 'objectivity'.
Radical
丶
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
85
Handwriting
kanji
外Meaning
Outside
Reading
soto
はずhazu
onyomiげge
がいgai
Parts
夕Evening 卜Divination
Example Word
外側: outside. The Japanese noun '外側 (そとがわ)' refers to the 'outside' or 'outer side' of something. It is used to describe the external part or surface of an object, area, or structure. For example: the outside of the box is red「箱の外側は赤い」(はこのそとがわはあかい). Please clean the outside of the window「窓の外側を掃除してください」(まどのそとがわをそうじしてください). This word is often used in contrast to '内側 (うちがわ)', which means 'inside' or 'inner side'. It can also be used metaphorically to describe external appearances or superficial aspects.
Radical
夕
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N5Grade
2Frequency
87
Handwriting
kanji
白Meaning
White
Reading
shiro
しらshira
onyomiびゃくbyaku
はくhaku
Parts
丿Katakana no 日Day, Sun
Example Word
白い: white. The Japanese adjective '白い (しろい)' means 'white'. It is used to describe something that is white in color. This adjective can be applied to objects, animals, or even abstract concepts. For example: the snow is white「雪は白い」(ゆきはしろい). Her dress is white「彼女のドレスは白い」(かのじょのドレスはしろい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe purity or innocence, as in '白い心 (しろいこころ) (pure heart)'. It is important to note that '白い' is often used when modifying a noun, as in '白い猫 (しろいねこ) (white cat)'.
Radical
白
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N5Grade
1Frequency
95
Handwriting
kanji
田Meaning
Rice field
Reading
ta
onyomiでんden
Parts
十Ten 口Mouth
Example Word
田んぼ: rice field. The Japanese noun '田んぼ (たんぼ)' refers to a 'rice field' or 'paddy field', which is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice. This term is commonly used in rural areas and is essential in Japanese agriculture. Example sentences: The rice field is vast「田んぼが広い」(たんぼがひろい). We planted rice in the rice field「田んぼに稲を植えた」(たんぼにいねをうえた). The term is often associated with traditional Japanese landscapes and farming practices.
Radical
田
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
100
Handwriting
kanji
平Meaning
Flat
Reading
hira
たいtai
onyomiへいhei
びょうbyou
Parts
干Dry 丷Divide
Example Word
平凡: ordinary. The Japanese adjectival noun '平凡 (へいぼん)' means 'ordinary' or 'commonplace'. It is used to describe something that is not special, unique, or extraordinary, but rather typical or average. This word often carries a neutral or slightly negative connotation, implying a lack of distinction or excitement. For example: His life is ordinary「彼の人生は平凡だ」(かれのじんせいはへいぼんだ). This story is too commonplace「この物語は平凡すぎる」(このものがたりはへいぼんすぎる). Note that '平凡' is often used to describe situations, lifestyles, or characteristics that are unremarkable.
Radical
干
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
3Frequency
111
Handwriting
kanji
以Meaning
By means of
Reading
i
Example Word
以上: more than or no more. The Japanese noun '以上 (いじょう)'can mean 'more than' or 'no more', depending on the context.It is often used to indicate a threshold or limit, such as a minimum requirement or a maximum cap. For example: You need to be 18 years old or more「18歳以上が必要です」(18さいいじょうがひつようです). No more than 5 people can enter「5人以上は入れません」(5にんいじょうははいれません).It can also be used to conclude a statement, meaning 'thats all' or 'no more', as in the phrase '以上です (いじょうです)', which signals 'that's all' or a formal conclusion.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
4Frequency
128
Handwriting
kanji
用Meaning
Use
Reading
mochi
onyomiようyou
Parts
月Moon, Month 丨Stick
Example Word
不器用: clumsy. The Japanese adjectival noun '不器用 (ぶきよう)' means 'clumsy'. It describes someone who lacks skill or dexterity, often in physical tasks or social interactions. This term can also imply a lack of finesse or awkwardness in handling situations. For example: He is clumsy with his hands「彼は手先が不器用だ」(かれはてさきがぶきようだ). She is clumsy at expressing her feelings「彼女は感情を表現するのが不器用だ」(かのじょはかんじょうをひょうげんするのがぶきようだ). The word can carry a slightly endearing or sympathetic tone, depending on the context.
Radical
用
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
130
Handwriting
kanji
母Meaning
Mother
Reading
haha
かあkaa
onyomiぼbo
Parts
毋Mother 丶Dot
Example Word
母: mother. The Japanese noun '母 (はは)' means 'mother'. It is a formal and respectful term used to refer to one's own mother. It is commonly used in polite or formal contexts, such as when speaking to others about one's mother. For example: My mother is kind「私の母は優しい」(わたしのはははやさしい). I will call my mother「母に電話します」(ははにでんわします). Note that '母 (はは)' is more formal than 'お母さん (おかあさん)', which is used in casual or familial settings. The term carries a sense of respect and is often used in written language or formal speech.
Radical
毋
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N5Grade
2Frequency
132
Handwriting
kanji
仕Meaning
Serve
Reading
tsuka
onyomiしshi
Parts
亻Person (人)士Samurai
Example Word
お仕舞い: end. The Japanese noun 'お仕舞い (おしまい)' means 'end' or 'conclusion'. It is often used to indicate the conclusion of an event, story, or activity. This word carries a sense of finality and is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: the movie has ended「映画はお仕舞いです」(えいがはおしまいです). The party is over「パーティーはお仕舞い」(パーティーはおしまい). It can also be used to express that something is finished or done, as in 'that's it' or 'that's all'. Note that 'お仕舞い' is often written in hiragana as 'おしまい' in modern usage.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
155
Handwriting
kanji
正Meaning
Correct
Reading
masa
ただtada
onyomiしょうshou
せいsei
Parts
一One 止Stop
Example Word
正直: honest. The Japanese adjectival noun '正直 (しょうじき)' means 'honest'. It is used to describe someone who is truthful, sincere, and straightforward in their actions or words. It can also describe situations or statements that are candid or frank. For example: he is an honest person「彼は正直な人です」(かれはしょうじきなひとです). To be honest, I don't like it「正直に言うと、好きじゃない」(しょうじきにいうと、すきじゃない). The word can also function as an adverb, as in '正直に言う (しょうじきにいう) (to speak honestly)'. It carries a positive connotation and is often used to praise someone's character or to emphasize sincerity in communication.
Radical
止
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
1Frequency
158
Handwriting
kanji
込Meaning
Put in, Crowded
Reading
ko
Parts
⻌Walk 入Enter
Example Word
振り込み: transfer. The Japanese noun '振り込み (ふりこみ)' refers to the act of transferring money, typically from one bank account to another. It is commonly used in contexts involving financial transactions, such as paying bills, sending money to someone, or making payments. For example: I made a bank transfer「銀行振り込みをしました」(ぎんこうふりこみをしました). Please make a transfer by tomorrow「明日までに振り込みをお願いします」(あしたまでにふりこみをおねがいします). This term is often used in formal or business settings and is essential for discussing financial matters in Japanese.
Radical
辵
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
7Frequency
174
Handwriting
kanji
石Meaning
Stone
Reading
ishi
onyomiせきseki
しゃくshaku
Parts
口Mouth 丆Cliff (厂)
Example Word
石: stone. The Japanese noun '石 (いし)' means 'stone'. This word is used to refer to a small piece of rock or a mineral substance. It can be used in various contexts, such as describing objects, natural formations, or even in idiomatic expressions. For example: I found a beautiful stone「きれいな石を見つけた」(きれいないしをみつけた). The stone is heavy「その石は重い」(そのいしはおもい). In Japanese culture, stones can also have symbolic meanings, such as in the context of gardens or traditional games like '石取り (いしとり)' (stone collecting).
Radical
石
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
1Frequency
197
Handwriting
kanji
他Meaning
Other
Radical Form Of
亻
Reading
hoka
onyomiたta
Parts
亻Person (人)也To be
Example Word
他者: others. The Japanese noun '他者 (たしゃ)' means 'others' or 'other people'. It refers to individuals who are distinct from oneself, often emphasizing their separateness or different perspectives. This term is commonly used in philosophical, psychological, and social contexts to discuss relationships, empathy, or the distinction between self and others. For example: understanding others is important「他者を理解することは大切です」(たしゃをりかいすることはたいせつです). Respecting others' opinions is essential「他者の意見を尊重することが必要です」(たしゃのいけんをそんちょうすることがひつようです). The word carries a nuanced sense of recognizing the individuality and autonomy of others.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
3Frequency
202
Handwriting
kanji
古Meaning
Old
Reading
furu
onyomiこko
Parts
十Ten 口Mouth
Example Word
古く: old. The Japanese noun '古く (ふるく)' is the adverbial form of the adjective '古い (ふるい)', meaning 'old'. It is used to describe something that has existed for a long time or is from a past era. This form is often used to modify verbs or other adjectives, indicating that something is done in an old-fashioned or traditional way. For example: This tradition is old「この伝統は古くからある」(このでんとうはふるくからある). The house was built in an old style「その家は古く建てられた」(そのいえはふるくたてられた). Note that '古く' is not typically used as a standalone noun but rather as an adverb to describe actions or states.
Radical
口
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
208
Handwriting
kanji
処Meaning
Deal with
Reading
sho
Parts
夂Late 几
Example Word
何処: where. The Japanese pronoun '何処 (どこ)' means 'where'. It is used to ask about the location of something or someone. This pronoun is commonly used in questions to inquire about places or directions. For example: Where is the station?「駅は何処ですか?」(えきはどこですか?). Where did you go?「何処に行きましたか?」(どこにいきましたか?). It can also be used in statements to indicate an unknown or unspecified location, such as 'I don't know where it is'「何処にあるか分からない」(どこにあるかわからない). The word '何処' is often written in hiragana as 'どこ' in modern Japanese, but the kanji form is still used in formal or literary contexts.
Radical
几
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
6Frequency
212
Handwriting
kanji
申Meaning
Report
Reading
mou
onyomiしんshin
Parts
日Day, Sun 丨Stick
Example Word
申し訳ない: apologetic. The Japanese adjective '申し訳ない (もうしわけない)' means 'apologetic' or 'feeling deeply sorry'. It is used to express sincere regret or apology, often in formal or serious situations. This phrase conveys a strong sense of responsibility and remorse. For example: I am deeply sorry for the inconvenience「ご迷惑をおかけして申し訳ありません」(ごめいわくをおかけしてもうしわけありません). I feel terrible for being late「遅れてしまって申し訳ない」(おくれてしまってもうしわけない). The phrase is often used in polite or formal contexts, and it can be intensified by adding 'ございません' (e.g., '申し訳ございません') to make it even more respectful.
Radical
田
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
3Frequency
221
Handwriting
kanji
半Meaning
Half
Reading
naka
onyomiはんhan
Parts
丷Divide 干Dry
Example Word
半月: half month. The Japanese noun '半月 (はんつき)' refers to a period of half a month, typically around 15 days. It is often used to describe a specific time frame or duration. For example: I will be on vacation for half a month「半月休みます」(はんつきやすみます). The project will take half a month to complete「そのプロジェクトは半月かかります」(そのプロジェクトははんつきかかります). This term is commonly used in scheduling, planning, and discussing time-related matters.
Radical
十
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N5Grade
2Frequency
228
Handwriting
kanji
民Meaning
People, Nation
Reading
tami
onyomiみんmin
Parts
氏Family name
Example Word
人民: people. The Japanese noun '人民 (じんみん)' refers to 'the people' or 'the populace' in a general sense, often used in political or social contexts. It emphasizes the collective group of individuals within a society or nation. This term is commonly used in formal or historical contexts, such as discussing the rights, struggles, or governance of a population. For example: The people rose up against the government「人民が政府に対して立ち上がった」(じんみんがせいふにたいしてたちあがった). The welfare of the people is important「人民の福祉は重要だ」(じんみんのふくしはじゅうようだ). Note that this term can carry a slightly formal or ideological tone, often seen in political discourse or historical texts.
Radical
氏
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
4Frequency
243
Handwriting
kanji
付Meaning
Attach
Reading
tsu
onyomiふfu
Parts
亻Person (人)寸Measurement
Example Word
思い付く: think of. The Japanese verb '思い付く (おもいつく)' means 'to think of' or suddenly come up with an idea. It is used when someone has a sudden realization or idea, often unexpectedly. For example: I just thought of a good idea 「いいアイデアを思い付いた」 (いいアイデアをおもいついた). He suddenly thought of a solution 「彼は解決策を思い付いた」 (かれはかいけつさくをおもいついた). This verb is commonly used in contexts where creativity or problem-solving is involved, and it implies a sense of spontaneity.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
4Frequency
252
Handwriting
kanji
打Meaning
Hit
Reading
u
onyomiだda
Parts
扌Hand (手)丁Street
Example Word
打ち消し: negation. The Japanese noun '打ち消し (うちけし)' refers to the act of negating or denying something. It is often used in contexts where one is refuting a statement, idea, or claim. For example: His statement was a clear negation of the rumor「彼の発言はうわさの打ち消しだった」(かれのはつげんはうわさのうちけしだった). The negation of the theory came as a surprise「その理論の打ち消しは驚きだった」(そのりろんのうちけしはおどろきだった). This term is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to express contradiction or denial.
Radical
手
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
3Frequency
260
Handwriting
kanji
必Meaning
Inevitable, Certain
Reading
kanara
onyomiひつhitsu
Parts
心Heart 丿Katakana no
Example Word
必死: desperate. The Japanese adjectival noun '必死 (ひっし)' means 'desperate'. It describes a state of extreme urgency or determination, often implying that someone is putting all their effort into something, as if their life depends on it. It can be used to describe actions, attitudes, or situations. For example: He was desperate to win「彼は勝つために必死だった」(かれはかつためにひっしだった). She worked desperately to finish the project「彼女はプロジェクトを終わらせるために必死に働いた」(かのじょはぷろじぇくとをおわらせるためにひっしにはたらいた). The word can also imply a sense of life-or-death seriousness, as in '必死の努力 (ひっしのどりょく) (desperate effort)'.
Radical
心
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
4Frequency
264
Handwriting
kanji
左Meaning
Left
Reading
hidari
onyomiさsa
Parts
工Construction 𠂇Cliff (厂)
Example Word
左利き: left handed. The Japanese noun '左利き (ひだりきき)' refers to someone who is left-handed. It is used to describe a person's dominant hand preference. For example: my brother is left-handed「私の兄は左利きです」(わたしのあにはひだりききです). She writes with her left hand because she is left-handed「彼女は左利きなので左手で書きます」(かのじょはひだりききなのでひだりてでかきます). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is designed or suited for left-handed people, such as '左利き用のはさみ (ひだりききようのはさみ) (scissors for left-handed people).'
Radical
工
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N5Grade
1Frequency
266
Handwriting
kanji
右Meaning
Right
Reading
migi
onyomiゆうyuu
うu
Parts
𠂇Cliff (厂)口Mouth
Example Word
右: right. The Japanese noun '右 (みぎ)' means 'right'. It refers to the direction or side that is opposite of left. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to indicate direction, position, or orientation. For example: turn right「右に曲がって ください」(みぎにまがってください). The book is on the right「本は右にあります」(ほんはみぎにあります). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in political contexts to describe conservative ideologies, though this usage is less common in everyday speech.
Radical
口
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N5Grade
1Frequency
272
Handwriting
kanji
可Meaning
Possible
Reading
ka
Parts
丁Street 口Mouth
Example Word
認可: approval. The Japanese verbal noun '認可 (にんか)' refers to the act of officially approving or authorizing something. It is commonly used in formal contexts, such as government or organizational settings, where an official body grants permission or recognition. For example: The government granted approval for the new project「政府は新しいプロジェクトを認可した」(せいふはあたらしいプロジェクトをにんかした). The school received official recognition「その学校は認可を受けた」(そのがっこうはにんかをうけた). This term emphasizes the formal and official nature of the approval process.
Radical
口
Stroke Count
5JLPT
UnknownGrade
5Frequency
277
Handwriting
kanji
由Meaning
Reason
Reading
yoshi
onyomiゆうyuu
ゆyu
Parts
十Ten 口Mouth
Example Word
不自由: discomfort. The Japanese verbal noun '不自由 (ふじゆう)' primarily means 'discomfort' or 'inconvenience'. It refers to a state of being unable to do something freely or comfortably, often due to physical, mental, or situational constraints. This word is commonly used to describe a lack of freedom or difficulty in performing actions. For example: He feels discomfort due to his injury「彼はけがで不自由を感じている」(かれはけがでふじゆうをかんじている). Living without electricity is inconvenient「電気がない生活は不自由だ」(でんきがないせいかつはふじゆうだ). The word can also imply a sense of dependency or limitation, such as in the phrase '不自由な体 (ふじゆうなからだ)', meaning 'a body with disabilities'.
Radical
田
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
3Frequency
278
Handwriting
kanji
失Meaning
Lose, Fault
Reading
ushina
onyomiしつshitsu
Parts
大Big 丿Katakana no 夫Man, Husband
Example Word
失礼: excuse or rude. The Japanese verbal noun '失礼 (しつれい)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'rude', referring to behavior that is impolite or disrespectful. For example: That was rude「それは失礼でした」(それはしつれいでした). The second meaning is 'excuse', often used as a polite way to apologize or take leave. For example: Excuse me, I must leave now「失礼します、もう行かなければなりません」(しつれいします、もういかなければなりません). The word is commonly used in formal and casual settings to express politeness or acknowledge a social misstep.
Radical
大
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
4Frequency
335
Handwriting
kanji
去Meaning
Past
Reading
sa
onyomiこko
きょkyo
Parts
厶Private 土Soil
Example Word
去年: last year. The Japanese noun '去年 (きょねん)' means 'last year'. It is used to refer to the year immediately preceding the current one. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and writing to indicate events or situations that occurred in the previous year. For example: I went to Japan last year「去年、日本に行きました」(きょねん、にほんにいきました). Last year was very busy「去年はとても忙しかった」(きょねんはとてもいそがしかった). It is important to note that '去年' is a specific term and should not be confused with '昨年 (さくねん)', which is a more formal term also meaning 'last year'.
Radical
厶
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
344
Handwriting
kanji
加Meaning
Join, Add
Reading
kuwa
onyomiかka
Parts
力Power 口Mouth
Example Word
加工: processing. The Japanese verbal noun '加工 (かこう)' means 'processing'. It refers to the act of altering, modifying, or treating raw materials or data to create a finished product or result. This term is commonly used in contexts such as manufacturing, food production, and data handling. For example: The factory processes raw materials「工場は原料を加工する」(こうじょうはげんりょうをかこうする). This data needs further processing「このデータはさらに加工が必要だ」(このデータはさらにかこうがひつようだ). The word can also imply refinement or improvement, as in '加工食品 (かこうしょくひん) (processed food)'.
Radical
力
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
4Frequency
345
Handwriting
kanji
兄Meaning
Older brother
Reading
ani
にいnii
onyomiけいkei
きょうkyou
Parts
儿Legs 口Mouth
Example Word
お兄さん: older brother. The Japanese noun 'お兄さん (おにいさん)' is a polite term used to refer to an older brother. It is commonly used in both formal and informal settings. The term can also be used to address or refer to a young man in a respectful manner, even if he is not related to the speaker. For example: My older brother is kind「私のお兄さんは優しい」(わたしのおにいさんはやさしい). Excuse me, young man「すみません、お兄さん」(すみません、おにいさん). The term 'お兄さん' carries a sense of respect and affection, and it is often used by younger siblings or children when referring to their older brothers.
Radical
儿
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
360
Handwriting
kanji
台Meaning
Pedestal, Machine
Reading
dai
たいtai
Parts
厶Private 口Mouth
Example Word
舞台: stage. The Japanese noun '舞台 (ぶたい)' primarily means 'stage' as in a physical platform where performances take place. It is commonly used in contexts related to theater, concerts, and other performances. For example: The actor stood on the stage「俳優は舞台に立った」(はいゆうはぶたいにたった). The play will be performed on this stage「この舞台でその劇が上演される」(このぶたいでそのげきがじょうえんされる). Additionally, '舞台' can metaphorically refer to a setting or scene where significant events occur, such as in '人生の舞台 (じんせいのぶたい)' (the stage of life). This word is versatile and deeply embedded in both literal and figurative Japanese expressions.
Radical
口
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
364
Handwriting
kanji
広Meaning
Wide
Reading
hiro
onyomiこうkou
Parts
厶Private 广Dotted cliff
Example Word
広める: spread. The Japanese verb '広める (ひろめる)' means 'to spread' or 'to disseminate'. It is used to describe the act of making something known, expanding its reach, or increasing its scope. This verb can be applied to ideas, information, influence, or even physical things like a scent or light. For example: I want to spread the news「ニュースを広めたい」(ニュースをひろめたい). She spread the word about the event「彼女はイベントについて広めた」(かのじょはイベントについてひろめた). Note that '広める' often implies an intentional effort to make something more widely known or available.
Radical
广
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
2Frequency
428
Handwriting
kanji
北Meaning
North
Reading
kita
onyomiほくhoku
Parts
匕Spoon 冫Ice (水)丨Stick
Example Word
北朝鮮: North Korea. The Japanese proper noun '北朝鮮 (きたちょうせん)' refers to 'North Korea', the country officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). This term is commonly used in Japanese media and everyday conversation to refer to the nation located on the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. For example: North Korea launched a missile「北朝鮮がミサイルを発射した」(きたちょうせんがミサイルをはっしゃした). The relationship between Japan and North Korea is complex「日本と北朝鮮の関係は複雑だ」(にほんときたちょうせんのかんけいはふくざつだ). The term is neutral in tone but carries geopolitical implications due to historical and political contexts.
Radical
匕
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N5Grade
2Frequency
434
Handwriting
kanji
奴Meaning
Servant, Dude
Reading
yatsu
onyomiどdo
Parts
女Woman 又Again
Example Word
奴: thing or guy. The Japanese noun '奴 (やつ)' is a colloquial term that can refer to a person or a thing, often with a slightly derogatory or informal tone. When referring to a person, it translates to 'guy' or 'fellow', and when referring to an object, it translates to 'thing'. It is commonly used in casual conversations and can carry a sense of familiarity or disdain depending on the context. For example: That guy is annoying「あの奴はうるさい」(あのやつはうるさい). What is that thing?「あの奴は何?」(あのやつはなに?). Note that while it can be used neutrally, it often implies a lack of respect or seriousness, so it should be used carefully in formal settings.
Radical
女
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N1Grade
7Frequency
450
Handwriting
kanji
史Meaning
History
Reading
shi
Parts
口Mouth
Example Word
歴史: history. The Japanese noun '歴史 (れ きし)' means 'history'. It refers to the study or record of past events, particularly those involving human affairs. This word is commonly used in academic, cultural, and everyday contexts to discuss historical events, periods, or the development of societies. For example: I study Japanese history「私は日本の歴史を勉強します」(わたしはにほんのれきしをべんきょうします). This town has a long history「この町は長い歴史があります」(このまちはながいれきしがあります). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the background or development of something, such as a person's life or an organization.
Radical
口
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N2Grade
4Frequency
457
Handwriting
kanji
市Meaning
City, Market
Reading
ichi
onyomiしshi
Parts
亠Lid 巾Towel
Example Word
市街: city. The Japanese noun '市街 (しがい)' refers to the urban or city area, typically the built-up part of a city with streets, buildings, and infrastructure. It is often used to describe the central or commercial district of a city. For example: The city is bustling with activity「市街は活気で溢れている」(しがいわかっきであふれている). We walked through the city at night「私たちは夜に市街を歩いた」(わたしたちはよるにしがいをあるいた). This term is commonly used in contexts related to urban planning, geography, or everyday descriptions of city life.
Radical
巾
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
2Frequency
468
Handwriting
kanji
句Meaning
Phrase, Paragraph
Reading
ku
Parts
勹Wrap 口Mouth
Example Word
俳句: haiku. The Japanese noun '俳句 (はいく)' refers to a traditional form of Japanese poetry consisting of three lines with a 5-7-5 syllable structure. Haiku often capture a moment in nature or evoke a specific emotion, and they are known for their brevity and depth. For example: I wrote a haiku about the moon「月について俳句を書いた」(つきについてはいくをかいた). This haiku is beautiful「この俳句は美しい」(このはいくはうつくしい). Haiku is a significant part of Japanese culture and is appreciated worldwide for its simplicity and elegance.
Radical
口
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N1Grade
5Frequency
549
Handwriting
kanji
末Meaning
End
Reading
sue
onyomiまつmatsu
ばつbatsu
Parts
木Tree, Wood
Example Word
週末: weekend. The Japanese noun '週末 (しゅうまつ)' means 'weekend'. It refers to the period from Saturday to Sunday, which is typically a time for rest, leisure, or personal activities in Japan. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to discuss plans or activities during this time. For example: I will go shopping this weekend「今週末は買い物に行きます」(こんしゅうまつはかいものにいきます). How was your weekend?「週末はどうでしたか?」(しゅうまつはどうでしたか?). The word is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
Radical
木
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
4Frequency
551
Handwriting
kanji
辺Meaning
Boundary, Vicinity
Reading
ata
べbe
onyomiへんhen
Parts
辶Walk 刀Sword
Example Word
辺り: area. The Japanese noun '辺り (あたり)' refers to a general area or vicinity. It is often used to describe the surrounding area of a specific location. This word can be used in various contexts, such as indicating the area around a place, or the general vicinity of an event. For example: The area around the station is lively「駅の辺りは賑やかです」(えきのあたりはにぎやかです). I think I left my bag somewhere around here「カバンをこの辺りに置いたと思います」(かばんをこのあたりにおいたとおもいます). Note that '辺り' can also imply a sense of approximation or vagueness when referring to a location.
Radical
辵
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N2Grade
4Frequency
567
Handwriting
kanji
玉Meaning
Ball, Jewel
Reading
tama
onyomiぎょくgyoku
Parts
王King 丶Dot
Example Word
玉: ball or jewel. The Japanese noun '玉 (たま)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'ball', referring to a spherical object, such as a sports ball or a decorative sphere. For example: The child is playing with a ball「子供が玉で遊んでいる」(こどもがたまであそんでいる). The second meaning is 'jewel', referring to a precious stone or gem. For example: She wore a beautiful jewel「彼女は美しい玉を身につけていた」(かのじょはうつくしいたまをみにつけていた). The context in which '玉' is used will determine whether it refers to a ball or a jewel. It is important to note that '玉' can also be used metaphorically to describe something valuable or precious, similar to how 'jewel' is used in English.
Radical
玉
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N2Grade
1Frequency
571
Handwriting
kanji
示Meaning
Show, Indicate
Reading
shime
onyomiじji
しshi
Parts
二Two 小Small
Example Word
表示: display. The Japanese noun '表示 (ひょうじ)' means 'display'. It refers to the act of showing or presenting information, data, or images, often on a screen or sign. This word is commonly used in contexts related to technology, signage, or visual representation. For example: The screen displays the temperature「画面に温度が表示されている」(がめんにおんどがひょうじされている). Please check the display for the next train「次の電車の表示を確認してください」(つぎのでんしゃのひょうじをかくにんしてください). It can also refer to the indication or representation of something, such as a warning or status.
Radical
示
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
5Frequency
574
Radical Form
礻
Handwriting
kanji
礼Meaning
Bow, Salute
Reading
rei
Parts
礻Cult (示)乙Second, Latter
Example Word
礼儀: manners. The Japanese noun '礼儀 (れいぎ)' refers to 'manners' or 'etiquette'. It is used to describe proper behavior, politeness, and respect in social interactions. This word is often associated with traditional Japanese customs and the importance of showing respect to others. For example: Good manners are important「礼儀は大切です」(れいぎはたいせつです). He has no manners「彼は礼儀を知らない」( かれはれいぎをしらない). The concept of '礼儀' is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is often emphasized in both personal and professional settings.
Radical
示
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
3Frequency
605
Handwriting
kanji
未Meaning
Not yet
Reading
ima
まma
ひつじhitsuji
onyomiみmi
Parts
木Tree, Wood
Example Word
未婚: unmarried. The Japanese noun '未婚 (みこん)' means 'unmarried'. It is used to describe someone who has never been married. This term is often used in formal contexts, such as legal documents, surveys, or discussions about marital status. For example: She is unmarried「彼女は未婚です」(かのじょはみこんです). The percentage of unmarried people is increasing「未婚の人の割合が増えています」(みこんのひとのわりあいがふえています). Note that '未婚' specifically refers to someone who has never been married, as opposed to '独身 (どくしん)', which can also mean 'single' but does not necessarily imply that the person has never been married.
Radical
木
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
4Frequency
627
Handwriting
kanji
矢Meaning
Arrow
Reading
ya
onyomiしshi
Parts
𠂉Person (人)大Big
Example Word
矢張り: still or as expected. The Japanese adverb '矢張り (やはり)' can mean 'still' or 'as expected'. It is often used to express that something remains unchanged or that a situation has turned out as one anticipated. This word can convey a sense of inevitability or confirmation of one's expectations. For example: I thought it would rain, and sure enough, it did「雨が降ると思ったら、やはり降った」(あめがふるとおもったら、やはりふった). Even after all these years, he is still the same「何年たって も、彼はやはり変わらない」(なんねんたっても、かれはやはりかわらない). '矢張り' is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to emphasize that something is consistent with what was previously thought or known.
Radical
矢
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N1Grade
2Frequency
637
Handwriting
kanji
永Meaning
Eternity
Reading
naga
onyomiえいei
Parts
水Water 丶Dot
Example Word
永久: eternal. The Japanese adjectival noun '永久 (えいきゅう)' means 'eternal' or 'permanent'. It is used to describe something that lasts forever or has no end. This word is often used in contexts related to time, nature, or abstract concepts. For example: eternal love「永久の愛」(えいきゅうのあい). The beauty of this place is eternal「この場所の美しさは永久だ」(このばしょのうつくしさはえいきゅうだ). Note that '永久' is often used in formal or poetic contexts to emphasize the timeless nature of something.
Radical
水
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N2Grade
5Frequency
664
Handwriting
kanji
写Meaning
Copy, Photograph
Reading
utsu
onyomiしゃsha
Parts
冖Crown 与Give, Involvement
Example Word
描写: depiction. The Japanese noun '描写 (びょうしゃ)' means 'depiction'. It refers to the act of describing or portraying something in detail, often through words, art, or other forms of expression. This term is commonly used in contexts such as literature, art, and film to describe how something is represented. For example: The depiction of nature in this painting is beautiful「この絵の自然の描写は美しい」(このえのしぜんのびょうしゃはうつくしい). His novel is known for its vivid depiction of urban life「彼の小説は都市生活の鮮やかな描写で知られている」(かれのしょうせつはとしせいかつのあざやかなびょうしゃでしられている).
Radical
冖
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N4Grade
3Frequency
667
Handwriting
kanji
甲Meaning
Armor, Shell
Reading
ka
onyomiこうkou
かんkan
Parts
田Rice field |
Example Word
甲: shell or first. The Japanese noun '甲 (こう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning refers to the shell of a turtle or tortoise, often used in traditional contexts or literature. For example: the turtle's shell is hard「亀の甲は硬い」(かめのこうはかたい). The second meaning is 'first' in a sequence, such as in the traditional ordering system (甲, 乙, 丙, etc.), which is similar to 'A, B, C' in English. For example: this is the first item「これは甲の項目です」(これはこうのこうもくです). The word is also used in compound words like '甲羅 (こうら)' (shell) or '甲乙 (こうおつ)' (first and second).
Radical
田
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N1Grade
8Frequency
696
Handwriting
kanji
弁Meaning
Valve, Dialect
Reading
ben
Parts
厶Private 廾Twenty
Example Word
弁護: defense. The Japanese verbal noun '弁護 (べんご)' means 'defense' and is primarily used in legal contexts. It refers to the act of defending someone, particularly in a court of law, or advocating for their rights. This term is often associated with lawyers or legal professionals who provide defense in legal cases. For example: The lawyer provided a strong defense「弁護士は強力な弁護をした」(べんごしはきょうりょくなべんごをした). He is known for his defense of human rights「彼は人権の弁護で知られている」(かれはじんけんのべんごでしられている). Note that '弁護' is often used in compound words like '弁護士 (べんごし)' (lawyer) or '自己弁護 (じこべんご)' (self-defense).
Radical
廾
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N1Grade
5Frequency
704
Handwriting
kanji
布Meaning
Cloth, Linen
Reading
nuno
onyomiふfu
Example Word
布団: futon. The Japanese noun '布団 (ふとん)' refers to a traditional Japanese-style bedding, which typically includes a mattress and a duvet. Futons are designed to be laid directly on the floor and are commonly used in Japanese homes. They are known for their portability and space-saving qualities, as they can be folded and stored away during the day. Example sentences: I spread out the futon「布団を敷いた」(ふとんをしいた). The futon is comfortable「布団は気持ちいい」(ふとんはきもちいい).
Radical
巾
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N2Grade
5Frequency
728
Handwriting
kanji
玄Meaning
Profound, Mysterious
Reading
kuro
onyomiげんgen
Parts
亠Lid 幺Slight
Example Word
玄関: entrance. The Japanese noun '玄関 (げんかん)' refers to the entrance area of a house or building, typically where shoes are removed before entering. It is a culturally significant space in Japanese homes, often designed with a genkan step to separate the outside from the inside. For example: Please take off your shoes at the entrance「玄関で靴を脱いでください」(げんかんでくつをぬいでください). The entrance is very clean「玄関はとてもきれいです」(げんかんはとてもきれいです). This word is essential in daily life and reflects Japanese customs regarding cleanliness and respect for indoor spaces.
Radical
玄
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N1Grade
7Frequency
758
Handwriting
kanji
旦Meaning
Dawn
Reading
asa
あきaki
あきらakira
ただしtadashi
あしたashita
onyomiだんdan
たんtan
Parts
日Day, Sun 一One
Example Word
一旦: once. The Japanese adverb '一旦 (いったん)' means 'once' or 'for the time being'. It is used to indicate a temporary pause, interruption, or a point in time when something is done or considered before proceeding further. It often implies that after this action or state, there will be a change or continuation. For example: Let's stop here once「一旦ここで止めましょう」(いったんここでとめましょう). Once I finish this, I'll take a break「一旦これを終えたら休憩します」(いったんこれをおえたらきゅうけいします). This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to suggest a temporary halt or reconsideration.
Radical
日
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N1Grade
10Frequency
763
Handwriting
kanji
払Meaning
Pay, Drive away
Reading
hara
onyomiふつfutsu
Parts
扌Hand (手)厶Private
Example Word
払い: payment. The Japanese noun '払い (はらい)' refers to the act of paying or settling a debt. It is commonly used in contexts involving financial transactions, such as paying bills, fees, or installments. For example: I made the payment「払いをしました」(はらいをしました). The monthly payment is due「月払いが期限です」(つきばらいがきげんです). This word can also appear in compound terms like '分割払い (ぶんかつばらい)' (installment payment) or '前払い (まえばらい)' (advance payment).
Radical
手
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N3Grade
7Frequency
779
Handwriting
kanji
令Meaning
Orders
Reading
rei
Parts
亼 卩Seal
Example Word
司令: command. The Japanese noun '司令 (しれい)' refers to 'command' or 'orders' in a military or organizational context. It is often used to describe the authority or instructions given by a commanding officer. For example: The general issued a command「将軍が司令を出した」(しょうぐんがしれいをだした). The headquarters is in charge of command「司令部が司令を担当している」(しれいぶがしれいをたんとうしている). This term is typically used in formal or hierarchical settings, emphasizing authority and control.
Radical
人
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N2Grade
4Frequency
781
Handwriting
kanji
皮Meaning
Skin
Reading
kawa
onyomiひhi
Parts
又Again 卜Divination 厂Cliff
Example Word
皮膚: skin. The Japanese noun '皮膚 (ひふ)' refers to the outer covering of the body, commonly known as 'skin'. It is used in both medical and everyday contexts to describe the physical layer that protects the body. For example: My skin is dry「私の皮膚は乾燥している」(わたしのひふはかんそうしている). The skin is the largest organ of the body「皮膚は体の中で一番大きな器官です」(ひふはからだのなかでいちばんおおきなきかんです). The word can also be used in compound terms, such as '皮膚科 (ひふか)' (dermatology).
Radical
皮
Stroke Count
5JLPT
N2Grade
3Frequency
796
Handwriting