Jōyō KanjiOrganized by JLPT Level

kanji

Meaning

Third person pronoun, He

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 皮Skin

Example Word

彼女: she or girlfriend. The Japanese pronoun '彼女 (かのじょ)' has two primary meanings. First, it is used to mean 'she', referring to a female person. For example: She is my friend「彼女は私の友達です」(かのじょはわたしのともだちです). Second, it can also mean 'girlfriend', referring to a romantic partner. For example: She is my girlfriend「彼女は私の彼女です」(かのじょはわたしのかのじょです). The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended. When used to mean 'girlfriend', it is often clear from the situation or additional context in the conversation.

Radical

彳

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

19

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Fit, Match

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 一One 人Person

Example Word

問い合わせ: inquiry. The Japanese noun '問い合わせ (といあわせ)' refers to an 'inquiry' or 'query'. It is commonly used in formal or business contexts to describe a request for information or clarification. For example: I made an inquiry about the product「製品について問い合わせをしました」(せいひんについてといあわせをしました). Please contact us for any inquiries「ご質問はお問い合わせください」(ごしつもんはおといあわせください). This term is often seen in customer service settings, websites, or official communications.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

48

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Reside, Be

Reading

Parts

尸Corpse 古Old

Example Word

住居: residence. The Japanese noun '住居 (じゅうきょ)' refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house, apartment, or dwelling. It is a formal term often used in legal, official, or technical contexts. For example: This is my residence「ここは私の住居です」(ここはわたしのじゅうきょです). The residence is located in the city center「その住居は市の中心にあります」(そのじゅうきょはしのちゅうしんにあります). Note that '住居' is more formal than everyday terms like '家 (いえ)' or '住まい (すまい).'

Radical

尸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

51

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Honorable, General honorific term

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 卸Wholesale

Example Word

御免: permission or sorry. The Japanese noun '御免 (ごめん)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'sorry', often used in casual apologies, similar to 'ごめんなさい'. The second meaning is 'permission', used in formal contexts to request or grant permission. For example: Sorry for being late「遅れて御免」(おくれてごめん). May I have your permission?「御免をいただけますか？」(ごめんをいただけますか？). Note that '御免' is more formal and less commonly used in modern casual speech compared to 'ごめんなさい' for apologies.

Radical

彳

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

54

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Way, Form

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 羊Sheep 氺Water (水)

Example Word

様々: various. The Japanese adjective '様々 (さまざま)' means 'various' or 'diverse'. It is used to describe a wide range of different things or situations. This word conveys the idea of variety and multiplicity. For example: there are various flowers in the garden「庭には様々な花がある」(にわにはさまざまなはながある). We discussed various topics during the meeting「会議で様々な話題を話し合った」(かいぎでさまざまなわだいをはなしあった). The adjective is often used to modify nouns directly, as in '様々な意見 (さまざまないけん) (various opinions)'.

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

56

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Place

Reading

Parts

戸Door 斤Axe, Catty

Example Word

所得: income. The Japanese noun '所得 (しょとく)' refers to 'income' or 'earnings'. It is commonly used in contexts related to finance, economics, and personal earnings. This term can refer to various types of income, such as salary, wages, or profits. For example: His income is high「彼の所得は高い」(かれのしょとくはたかい). The government taxes income「政府は所得に課税する」(せいふはしょとくにかぜいする). It is important to note that '所得' is often used in formal or official contexts, such as tax-related discussions or financial reports.

Radical

戶

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

65

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Fruit, Truth

Reading

Parts

宀Roof 𡗗Folded hands

Example Word

実在: existence. The Japanese noun '実在 (じつざい)' refers to the concept of 'existence' or 'reality'. It is often used in philosophical or abstract contexts to discuss the existence of something in the real world, as opposed to something that is imaginary or theoretical. For example: The existence of ghosts is debated「幽霊の実在は議論されている」(ゆうれいのじつざいはぎろんされている). This theory questions the existence of extraterrestrial life「この理論は地球外生命の実在を問う」(このりろんはちきゅうがいせいめいのじつざいをとう). The word can also be used in more concrete contexts, such as discussing the existence of historical figures or events.

Radical

宀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

69

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Sort of thing, In that case

Reading

Parts

火Fire 肰

Example Word

不自然: unnatural. The Japanese adjectival noun '不自然 (ふしぜん)' means 'unnatural'. It is used to describe something that does not seem natural, or that appears forced, artificial, or out of place. This word can be applied to a wide range of contexts, such as behavior, appearances, or phenomena. For example: His smile looked unnatural「彼の笑顔は不自然だった」(かれのえがおはふしぜんだった). The way the tree grew seemed unnatural「その木の生え方は不自然だった」(そのきのはえかたはふしぜんだった). Note that '不自然' can also imply a sense of discomfort or oddness, as in '不自然な静けさ (ふしぜんなしずけさ) (unnatural silence)'.

Radical

火

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

73

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Ruler, You

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 尹Official rank

Example Word

君主: monarch. The Japanese noun '君主 (くんしゅ)' refers to a 'monarch', a sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor. This term is used in historical, political, and formal contexts to denote a ruler with supreme authority over a state or territory. For example: The monarch ruled the country wisely「君主は国を賢く治めた」(くんしゅはくにをかしこくおさめた). The power of the monarch was absolute「君主の権力は絶対的だった」(くんしゅのけんりょくはぜったいてきだった). The term can also be used metaphorically in literature or discussions about leadership and authority.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

75

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Face

Reading

Parts

𦣻Neck (首)八Eight 立Stand 厂Cliff 彡Fur

Example Word

顔付き: expression. The Japanese noun '顔付き (かおつき)' refers to a person's facial expression or the look on their face. It is often used to describe the emotions or mood someone is conveying through their face. For example: She had a worried expression「彼女は心配そうな顔付きをしていた」(かのじょはしんぱいそうなかおつきをしていた). His expression changed when he heard the news「彼はそのニュースを聞いて顔付きが変わった」(かれはそのニュースをきいてかおつきがかわった). This word can also imply the overall impression or demeanor someone gives off through their facial appearance.

Radical

頁

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

79

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Face, Surface

Reading

Parts

丆Cliff (厂)囗Box 丨Stick 二Two

Example Word

洗面所: washroom. The Japanese noun '洗面所 (せんめんじょ)' refers to a 'washroom' or 'bathroom sink area'. It is specifically used to describe the area where one washes their face, brushes their teeth, or performs other personal hygiene tasks. This term is commonly used in homes, hotels, and public facilities. For example: The washroom is on the first floor「洗面所は一階にあります」(せんめんじょはいっかいにあります). I left my toothbrush in the washroom「洗面所に歯ブラシを忘れました」(せんめんじょにはブラシをわすれました). Note that this term is distinct from 'トイレ (といれ)', which specifically refers to the toilet area.

Radical

面

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

80

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Feeling, Sensation

Reading

Parts

心Heart 咸Same

Example Word

感動: emotion or impression. The Japanese verbal noun '感動 (かんどう)' refers to a deep emotional response or being deeply moved by something. It can also mean being impressed or touched by an experience, event, or piece of art. This word is often used to describe the feeling one gets when witnessing something profoundly moving or inspiring. For example: I was deeply moved by the movie「映画に感動した」(えいがにかんどうした). The speech left a strong impression on me「スピーチに感動した」(スピーチにかんどうした). Note that '感動' is commonly used in contexts involving art, performances, speeches, or personal experiences that evoke strong emotions.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

83

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Hit, Appropriate

Reading

Parts

⺌Small (小)彐Katakana yo

Example Word

当たり: hit or vicinity. The Japanese noun '当たり (あたり)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'hit,' often used in contexts like games, lotteries, or sports to indicate a successful strike or winning outcome. For example: He got a hit in the lottery「彼は宝くじで当たりを引いた」(かれはたからくじであたりをひいた). The second meaning is 'vicinity,' referring to the area or surroundings of a specific location. For example: There are many shops in the vicinity「この当たりにはたくさんのお店がある」(このあたりにはたくさんのおみせがある). These meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the word is used.

Radical

彐

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

92

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Take

Reading

Parts

又Again 耳Ear

Example Word

取り消す: cancel. The Japanese verb '取り消す (とりけす)' means 'to cancel' or 'to revoke'. It is used when someone wants to nullify or withdraw something that was previously decided, stated, or agreed upon. This verb is commonly used in formal contexts, such as canceling contracts, reservations, or announcements. For example: I canceled the reservation「予約を取り消した」(よやくをとりけした). The company revoked the announcement「会社はその発表を取り消した」(かいしゃはそのはっぴょうをとりけした). The nuance of '取り消す' implies an official or formal action to nullify something, making it distinct from more casual terms like 'キャンセルする' (to cancel).

Radical

又

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

93

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Section, Department

Reading

Parts

咅Spit ⻏Mound (阜)

Example Word

一部分: part. The Japanese noun '一部分 (いちぶぶん)' means 'part' or 'portion'. It refers to a segment or section of a whole, often used to describe a fraction or a specific portion of something larger. For example: I read only a part of the book「私は本の一部分だけを読んだ」(わたしはほんのいちぶぶんだけをよんだ). This is just a part of the problem「これは問題の一部分に過ぎない」(これはもんだいのいちぶぶんにすぎない). The word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate a subset of a larger entity.

Radical

邑

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

94

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

God

Reading

Parts

礻Cult (示)申Report

Example Word

神々: gods. The Japanese noun '神々 (かみがみ)' refers to 'gods' in a plural sense, often used to describe multiple deities or divine beings. This term is commonly used in religious, mythological, or spiritual contexts. For example: the gods protect this land「神々がこの土地を守っている」(かみがみがこのとちをまもっている). In ancient stories, the gods descended from the heavens「昔の物語では、神々が天から降りてきた」(むかしのものがたりでは、かみがみがてんからおりてきた). The term emphasizes the plurality of divine entities and is often used in contexts involving mythology or traditional beliefs.

Radical

示

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

99

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Next

Reading

Parts

冫Ice (水)欠Lack

Example Word

取り次ぐ: relay. The Japanese verb '取り次ぐ (とりつぐ)' means 'to relay' or 'to pass on'. It is commonly used in situations where someone acts as an intermediary to convey messages, requests, or information between two parties. For example: I will relay your message to the manager「あなたのメッセージをマネージャーに取り次ぎます」(あなたのメッセージをマネージャーにとりつぎます). The secretary relayed the call to the director「秘書が電話を社長に取り次いだ」(ひしょがでんわをしゃちょうにとりついだ). This verb is often used in formal or business contexts, emphasizing the role of the intermediary.

Radical

欠

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

101

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Facing, Yonder

Reading

Parts

丿Katakana no 冋Desert

Example Word

向く: face. The Japanese verb '向く (むく)' primarily means 'to face' or 'to turn toward'. It is used to describe the direction something or someone is facing or turning. This verb can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: he turned toward the door「彼はドアに向いた」(かれはドアにむいた). This job suits me「この仕事は私に向いている」(このしごとはわたしにむいている). In the second example, '向く' is used figuratively to mean 'to be suited for' or 'to be appropriate for'. The verb can also imply suitability or compatibility in certain contexts, such as when describing whether something is a good fit for someone.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

103

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Mutual

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 目Eye

Example Word

相対: relative. The Japanese noun '相対 (そうたい)' means 'relative'. It refers to something that is considered in relation or comparison to something else, rather than being absolute. This term is often used in contexts involving comparison, relativity, or opposition. For example: relative position「相対的な位置」(そうたいてきないち). Relative truth「相対的な真実」(そうたいてきなしんじつ). The concept of '相対' is fundamental in discussions about perspectives, relationships, and comparisons in various fields such as philosophy, physics, and everyday life.

Radical

目

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

104

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Inside

Reading

Parts

冂Enclosure 人Person

Example Word

都内: Tokyo. The Japanese noun '都内 (とない)' refers to the area within Tokyo Metropolis. It is commonly used to specify locations or events that are situated inside Tokyo. For example: I live in Tokyo「私は都内に住んでいます」(わたしはとないにすんでいます). The concert will be held in Tokyo「コンサートは都内で開催されます」(コンサートはとないではいかいされます). This term is particularly useful when distinguishing between Tokyo and other regions in Japan.

Radical

冂

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

107

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Voice

Reading

Parts

士Samurai 尸Corpse 丨Stick

Example Word

話し声: voice. The Japanese noun '話し声 (はなしごえ)' refers to the sound of someone's voice when they are speaking. It specifically emphasizes the auditory aspect of speech rather than the content. This word is often used to describe the tone, volume, or quality of someone's voice during conversation. For example: I heard a soft voice「優しい話し声が聞こえた」(やさしいはなしごえがきこえた). The loud voices of the children could be heard from outside「子供たちの大きな話し声が外から聞こえた」(こどもたちのおおきなはなしごえがそとからきこえた). Note that '話し声' is distinct from '声 (こえ)', which is a more general term for 'voice' and does not necessarily imply speech.

Radical

士

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

110

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Flat

Reading

Parts

干Dry 丷Divide

Example Word

平仮名: hiragana. The Japanese noun '平仮名 (ひらがな)' refers to the hiragana script, one of the three main writing systems used in Japanese. Hiragana is a phonetic script consisting of 46 basic characters, each representing a specific syllable. It is primarily used for native Japanese words, grammatical elements, and words without kanji. Example sentences: I am learning hiragana「私は平仮名を勉強しています」(わたしはひらがなをべんきょうしています). This word is written in hiragana「この言葉は平仮名で書かれています」(このことばはひらがなでかかれています).

Radical

干

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

111

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Leaf

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 枼Table

Example Word

木の葉: leaf. The Japanese noun '木の葉 (このは)' means 'leaf'. It specifically refers to the leaves of a tree. This word is often used in contexts related to nature, seasons, or descriptions of scenery. For example: The leaves are falling「木の葉が落ちている」(このはがおちている). The leaves are turning red「木の葉が赤くなっている」(このはがあかくなっている). Note that '木の葉' is a compound word combining '木 (き)' (tree) and '葉 (は)' (leaf), emphasizing the connection to trees.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

127

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Head

Reading

Parts

豆Beans 𦣻Neck (首)八Eight

Example Word

頭痛: headache. The Japanese noun '頭痛 (ずつう)' means 'headache'. It refers to a pain in the head, often caused by stress, illness, or other factors. This word is commonly used in both medical and everyday contexts. For example: I have a headache「頭痛がする」(ずつうがする). She often gets headaches「彼女はよく頭痛がする」(かのじょはよくずつうがする). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a troublesome or annoying situation, such as 'this problem is a headache'「この問題は頭痛の種だ」(このもんだいはずつうのたねだ).

Radical

頁

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

129

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Appear, Current

Reading

Parts

王King 見See

Example Word

表現: expression. The Japanese verbal noun '表現 (ひょうげん)' means 'expression'. It refers to the act of conveying thoughts, feelings, or ideas through words, art, gestures, or other forms of communication. It is commonly used in contexts related to language, art, and emotions. For example: Her expression in the painting is beautiful「彼女の絵の中の表現は美しい」(かのじょのえのなかのひょうげんはうつくしい). I struggled to find the right words to express my feelings「気持ちを表現する適切な言葉を見つけるのに苦労した」(きもちをひょうげんするてきせつなことばをみつけるのにくろうした). Note that '表現' can also refer to artistic or creative expression, as well as linguistic expression.

Radical

玉

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

131

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Man, Husband

Reading

Parts

人Person 二Two

Example Word

工夫: device or scheme. The Japanese verbal noun '工夫 (くふう)' refers to a device, scheme, or contrivance, often implying a clever or inventive solution to a problem. It can be used in various contexts, from physical devices to abstract strategies. For example: He devised a clever scheme to solve the problem「彼は問題を解決するための工夫をした」(かれはもんだいをかいけつするためのくふうをした). This machine is equipped with various devices「この機械には様々な工夫が施されている」(このきかいにはさまざまなくふうがほどこされている). The term emphasizes ingenuity and resourcefulness in overcoming challenges.

Radical

大

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

133

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Whole, All

Reading

Parts

王King 𠆢Person (人)

Example Word

保全: preservation or conservation. The Japanese noun '保全 (ほぜん)' refers to the act of preserving or conserving something, often in the context of maintaining its original state or preventing damage. It is commonly used in fields such as environmental protection, cultural heritage, and infrastructure maintenance. For example: environmental preservation is important「環境保全は大切です」(かんきょうほぜんはたいせつです). The conservation of historical buildings「歴史的建造物の保全」(れきしてきけんぞうぶつのほぜん). This word emphasizes the proactive effort to protect and maintain something valuable.

Radical

入

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

135

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Pull

Reading

Parts

弓Bow 丨Stick

Example Word

長引く: prolong. The Japanese verb '長引く (ながびく)' means 'to prolong' or 'to drag on'. It is used to describe situations, events, or conditions that continue for a longer time than expected or desired. This verb often carries a nuance of something being extended beyond what is ideal or convenient. For example: The meeting dragged on「会議が長引いた」(かいぎがながびいた). Her cold has been lingering「彼女の風邪が長引いている」(かのじょのかぜがながびいている). It can also be used in contexts like negotiations, illnesses, or projects that take longer than anticipated.

Radical

弓

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

138

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Acquire

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 㝵

Example Word

得意: good or pride. The Japanese adjectival noun '得意 (とくい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'good', referring to being skilled or proficient at something. For example: I am good at math「私は数学が得意です」(わたしはすうがくがとくいです). The second meaning is 'pride', referring to something one takes pride in or is proud of. For example: This dish is my pride「この料理は私の得意です」(このりょうりはわたしのとくいです). The word is often used to describe skills, abilities, or areas of expertise, and can also imply a sense of confidence or satisfaction in one's abilities.

Radical

彳

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

139

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Laugh

Reading

Parts

⺮Bamboo (竹)禾Cereal

Example Word

笑う: laugh. The Japanese verb '笑う (わらう)' means 'to laugh'. It is used to describe the action of laughing, whether it's due to humor, joy, or even nervousness. This verb is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be conjugated to fit various tenses and forms. For example: he laughed「彼は笑った」(かれはわらった). She always laughs at my jokes「彼女はいつも私の冗談に笑う」(かのじょはいつもわたしのじょうだんにわらう). The verb can also be used in a figurative sense to describe something that is amusing or laughable, as in 'that idea is laughable'「その考えは笑える」(そのかんがえはわらえる).

Radical

竹

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

143

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Beautiful

Reading

Parts

𦍌Sheep (羊)大Big

Example Word

美容: beauty. The Japanese noun '美容 (びよう)' refers to 'beauty' or 'beautification'. It is commonly used in contexts related to beauty care, such as skincare, haircare, or cosmetic treatments. For example: beauty salon「美容院」(びよういん). She is studying beauty techniques「彼女は美容の技術を勉強している」(かのじょはびようのぎじゅつをべんきょうしている). This term is often associated with the beauty industry and self-care practices.

Radical

羊

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

144

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Thick, Fat

Reading

Parts

大Big 丶Dot

Example Word

太い: thick. The Japanese adjective '太い (ふとい)' primarily means 'thick'. It is used to describe something that has a large diameter or width, such as a tree trunk, a rope, or a person's body part. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a bold or thick line in art. For example: This rope is thick「このロープは太い」(このロープはふとい). He has thick arms「彼は太い腕をしている」(かれはふというでをしている). Note that '太い' can sometimes carry a negative connotation when describing a person's body, implying they are overweight, so it should be used carefully in such contexts.

Radical

大

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

147

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Against

Reading

Parts

寸Measurement 文Sentence

Example Word

対等: equal. The Japanese adjectival noun '対等 (たいとう)' means 'equal' or 'on equal terms'. It is used to describe a relationship or situation where two or more parties are of the same status, level, or importance. This term is often used in contexts involving relationships, negotiations, or comparisons. For example: We are equal partners「私たちは対等なパートナーです」(わたしたちはたいとうなパートナーです). They negotiated on equal terms「彼らは対等な条件で交渉した」(かれらはたいとうなじょうけんでこうしょうした). The concept of '対等' emphasizes fairness and balance, and it is commonly used in both formal and informal settings.

Radical

寸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

148

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Horse

Reading

Parts

三Three 丨Stick 灬Fire (火)㇉Bent hook

Example Word

馬: horse. The Japanese noun '馬 (うま)' means 'horse'. This word refers to the animal, specifically the domesticated species Equus ferus caballus. It is commonly used in everyday language as well as in idiomatic expressions. For example: I saw a horse at the farm「牧場で馬を見た」(ぼくじょうでうまをみた). The horse is running fast「馬が速く走っている」(うまがはやくはしっている). In Japanese culture, horses have historical significance, often associated with samurai and traditional festivals. The word can also appear in compound words, such as '競馬 (けいば)' (horse racing).

Radical

馬

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

149

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Trust

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)言Say

Example Word

信じる: believe. The Japanese verb '信じる (しんじる)' means 'to believe'. It is used to express trust, faith, or confidence in someone or something. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as believing in a person, an idea, or a concept. For example: I believe in you「あなたを信じる」(あなたをしんじる). He believes in ghosts「彼は幽霊を信じる」(かれはゆうれいをしんじる). It can also be used to express belief in abstract concepts, such as believing in love「愛を信じる」(あいをしんじる). The verb is often used in both positive and negative forms, depending on the context.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

151

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Fall

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 氵Water (水)各Each

Example Word

段落: paragraph. The Japanese noun '段落 (だんらく)' refers to a 'paragraph', a distinct section of a piece of writing, typically dealing with a single theme and indicated by a new line, indentation, or numbering. It is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to refer to sections of text. For example: Please read the next paragraph「次の段落を読んでください」(つぎのだんらくをよんでください). This paragraph is difficult to understand「この段落は理解しにくい」(このだんらくはりかいしにくい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe phases or stages in a process or story.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

152

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Most

Reading

Parts

曰 取Take

Example Word

最低: worst. The Japanese noun '最低 (さいてい)' means 'worst' or 'lowest'. It is used to describe something that is of the lowest quality, standard, or moral level. This word can be used in various contexts, such as describing a terrible experience, a poor performance, or someone's behavior. For example: That movie was the worst「あの映画は最低だった」(あのえいがはさいていだった). His attitude is the worst「彼の態度は最低だ」(かれのたいどはさいていだ). It can also be used to express strong disapproval or disappointment, as in '最低な人 (さいていなひと) (the worst person)'.

Radical

曰

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

154

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Feeling, Emotion

Reading

Parts

忄 青Blue

Example Word

苦情: complaint. The Japanese noun '苦情 (くじょう)' means 'complaint'. It refers to an expression of dissatisfaction or grievance about something. This word is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as when someone voices a complaint about a service, product, or situation. For example: The customer filed a complaint「お客様が苦情を申し立てました」(おきゃくさまがくじょうをもうしたてました). There were many complaints about the noise「騒音について多くの苦情がありました」(そうおんについておおくのくじょうがありました). Note that '苦情' is often used in professional or official settings, and it carries a formal tone.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

156

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Attain, Plural

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 羍

Example Word

速達便: express. The Japanese noun '速達便 (そくたつびん)' refers to an 'express' or 'express delivery' service, typically used for mail or packages that need to be delivered quickly. This term is commonly used in postal and courier services to indicate a faster delivery option compared to standard services. For example: I sent the document by express mail「書類を速達便で送りました」(しょるいをそくたつびんでおくりました). The express delivery arrived earlier than expected「速達便は予想より早く届きました」(そくたつびんはよそうよりはやくとどきました). This service is often chosen when time is a critical factor.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

160

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Gender, Sex

Reading

Parts

忄 生Life

Example Word

個性: individuality. The Japanese noun '個性 (こせい)' refers to 'individuality' or the unique characteristics that distinguish one person or thing from others. It is often used in contexts discussing personal traits, creativity, or the distinct qualities of a person or object. For example: She has a strong individuality「彼女は強い個性を持っている」(かのじょはつよいこせいをもっている). This artist's work reflects his individuality「このアーティストの作品は彼の個性を反映している」(このアーティストのさくひんはかれのこせいをはんえいしている). The word is commonly used in educational, artistic, and professional settings to emphasize the importance of uniqueness.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

162

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Change, Abnormal

Reading

Parts

亦 夂Late

Example Word

変わり: change. The Japanese noun '変わり (かわり)' means 'change'. It refers to a transformation, alteration, or difference in something. This word is often used to describe a shift in state, condition, or situation. For example: there was a big change in the weather「天気に大きな変わりがあった」(てんきにおおきなかわりがあった). I noticed a change in his attitude「彼の態度に変わりを感じた」(かれのたいどにかわりをかんじた). It can also be used in phrases like '変わりがない (かわりがない)', meaning 'there is no change' or 'it remains the same'.

Radical

夂

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

163

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Equal

Reading

Parts

⺮Bamboo (竹)寺Temple

Example Word

等: etc. The Japanese suffix '等 (とう)' is used to indicate a list of items or examples, similar to 'etc.' or 'and so on' in English. It is often attached to nouns to imply that there are additional, unspecified items in the same category. For example: fruits like apples, oranges, etc.「りんご、オレンジ等の果物」(りんご、オレンジとうのかぶつ). books, pens, etc.「本、ペン等」(ほん、ペンとう). This suffix is commonly used in both written and spoken Japanese to avoid listing every single item explicitly. It is important to note that '等' can also be read as 'など' in some contexts, but 'とう' is the more formal reading.

Radical

竹

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

164

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Straight, Repair

Reading

Parts

十Ten 目Eye 𠃊Second (乙)

Example Word

直接: directly. The Japanese adverb '直接 (ちょくせつ)' means 'directly'. It is used to describe actions or interactions that occur without any intermediaries or detours. This word is often used in contexts where something is done in a straightforward manner, such as communication, contact, or physical movement. For example: I spoke to him directly「彼に直接話しました」(かれにちょくせつはなしました). The package was delivered directly to my house「荷物は直接家に届けられました」(にもつはちょくせついえにとどけられました). It can also imply immediacy or lack of interference, as in 'directly responsible' or 'directly involved'.

Radical

目

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

166

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Law, Method

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)去Past

Example Word

法人: corporation. The Japanese noun '法人 (ほうじん)' refers to a 'corporation' or 'legal entity'. It is used to describe an organization that is recognized by law as a single entity, separate from its members, and has legal rights and responsibilities. This term is commonly used in business and legal contexts. For example: The corporation was established last year「その法人は去年設立されました」(そのほうじんはきょねんせつりつされました). Non-profit organizations are also considered legal entities「非営利団体も法人とみなされます」(ひえいりだんたいもほうじんとみなされます).

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

169

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Light

Reading

Parts

⺌Small (小)一One 儿Legs

Example Word

蛍光灯: lamp or fluorescent. The Japanese noun '蛍光灯 (けいこうとう)' refers to a 'fluorescent lamp'. This term is commonly used to describe the type of lighting that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. It is often found in offices, schools, and homes due to its energy efficiency. For example: The fluorescent lamp is bright「蛍光灯が明るい」(けいこうとうがあかるい). I replaced the fluorescent lamp「蛍光灯を交換した」(けいこうとうをこうかんした). Note that while '蛍光灯' specifically refers to fluorescent lamps, it can sometimes be shortened to just '蛍光灯' in casual conversation, but the full term is more precise.

Radical

儿

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

170

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Put in, Crowded

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 入Enter

Example Word

人込み: crowd. The Japanese noun '人込み (ひとごみ)' refers to a 'crowd' or a place where many people are gathered closely together. It is often used to describe busy public spaces like train stations, festivals, or shopping districts. For example: There was a big crowd at the station「駅には大きな人込みがあった」(えきにはおおきなひとごみがあった). I don't like crowded places「私は人込みが苦手です」(わたしはひとごみがにがてです). The word carries a nuance of being packed or dense with people, and it can sometimes imply a sense of discomfort or chaos due to the large number of people.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

174

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Like, Fond

Reading

Parts

女Woman 子Child

Example Word

好奇: curiosity. The Japanese noun '好奇 (こうき)' means 'curiosity'. It refers to a strong desire to know or learn something, often about things that are unusual, mysterious, or unfamiliar. This word is commonly used in contexts where someone is intrigued or fascinated by something. For example: His curiosity was piqued by the strange object「彼の好奇はその奇妙な物にそそられた」(かれのこうきはそのきみょうなものにそそられた). Curiosity drives scientific discovery「好奇は科学の発見を駆り立てる」(こうきはかがくのはっけんをかりたてる). The word can also imply a sense of inquisitiveness or a thirst for knowledge.

Radical

女

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

177

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Young

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 右Right

Example Word

若干: few or some. The Japanese noun '若干 (じゃっかん)' means 'some' or 'a few'. It is used to indicate a small or indefinite quantity of something. This word is often used in formal or written contexts to describe a modest amount or degree. For example: There are some problems「若干の問題がある」(じゃっかんのもんだいがある). A few people attended the meeting「若干の人が会議に出席した」(じゃっかんのひとがかいぎにしゅっせきした). Note that '若干' is more formal than alternatives like '少し (すこし)' or 'いくつか', and it is commonly used in reports, documents, or speeches.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

178

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Differ, Different

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 韋

Example Word

違反: violation. The Japanese verbal noun '違反 (いはん)' means 'violation'. It refers to the act of breaking a rule, law, or agreement. This term is commonly used in legal, social, or formal contexts to describe actions that go against established regulations. For example: He committed a traffic violation「彼は交通違反をした」(かれはこうつういはんをした). Violation of the contract will result in penalties「契約違反は罰則を伴います」(けいやくいはんはばっそくをともないます). Note that '違反' is often used in compound words like '交通違反 (こうつういはん)' (traffic violation) or '契約違反 (けいやくいはん)' (breach of contract).

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

184

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Theory, Argument

Reading

Parts

言Say 侖

Example Word

世論: public opinion. The Japanese noun '世論 (よろん)' refers to 'public opinion'. It is used to describe the collective views or attitudes of the general public on a particular issue or topic. This term is often used in discussions about politics, social issues, and media. For example: Public opinion is divided on this issue「この問題について世論は分かれている」(このもんだいについてよろんはわかれている). The government is paying attention to public opinion「政府は世論に注目している」(せいふはよろんにちゅうもくしている). Note that '世論' can also be read as 'せろん' in some contexts, but 'よろん' is the more common reading.

Radical

言

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

185

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Meadow, Original

Reading

Parts

厂Cliff 泉Spring, Fountain

Example Word

高原: plateau. The Japanese noun '高原 (こうげん)' refers to a 'plateau', which is a flat, elevated landform that rises sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side. This term is commonly used in geography and travel contexts to describe highland areas. For example: The plateau is beautiful「高原は美しい」(こうげんはうつくしい). We went hiking on the plateau「高原でハイキングをしました」(こうげんでハイキングをしました). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe a state of stability or a high level, such as in economic or emotional contexts.

Radical

厂

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

191

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Flow

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)㐬Newborn

Example Word

下流: downstream or lower class. The Japanese noun '下流 (かりゅう)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'downstream', referring to the part of a river or stream that is closer to its mouth or the direction in which the water flows. For example: The village is located downstream「その村は下流にあります」(そのむらはかりゅうにあります). The second meaning is 'lower class', referring to a social or economic class that is considered to be at the bottom of a hierarchy. For example: He comes from a lower-class family「彼は下流の家庭出身です」(かれはかりゅうのかていしゅっしんです). It's important to note that the context in which this word is used will determine which meaning is intended.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

192

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Lively

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)舌Tongue

Example Word

活性: activation. The Japanese noun '活性 (かっせい)' means 'activation'. It is commonly used in scientific, technical, or biological contexts to describe the process of making something active or functional. For example: the activation of enzymes「酵素の活性」(こうそのかっせい). This term can also be used metaphorically to describe the revitalization or energizing of something, such as a business or community. For example: the activation of the local economy「地域経済の活性」(ちいきけいざいのかっせい). Note that this word is often paired with other terms to form compound nouns, such as '活性化 (かっせいか)' (activation/revitalization).

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

193

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Theory, Explanation

Reading

Parts

訁Say (言)兑

Example Word

説明: explanation. The Japanese verbal noun '説明 (せつめい)' means 'explanation'. It refers to the act of making something clear or understandable by describing or giving details about it. This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, such as in education, business, or everyday conversations. For example: Please give me an explanation「説明をしてください」(せつめいをしてください). His explanation was easy to understand「彼の説明は分かりやすかった」(かれのせつめいはわかりやすかった). It can also be used as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '説明する (せつめいする)', meaning 'to explain'.

Radical

言

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

194

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Stone

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 丆Cliff (厂)

Example Word

流石: as expected. The Japanese adjectival noun '流石 (さすが)' is used to express admiration or acknowledgment of someone's abilities, qualities, or actions, often implying that the outcome is as expected given their reputation or skill. It carries a nuance of respect and sometimes surprise. For example: As expected of you, you solved it quickly「さすがあなた、すぐに解決しましたね」(さすがあなた、すぐにかいけつしましたね). As expected of a professional, the work is flawless「さすがプロ、仕事が完璧だ」(さすがぷろ、しごとがかんぺきだ). Note that 'さすが' is often used in positive contexts to highlight someone's excellence or to acknowledge their efforts.

Radical

石

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

197

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Put

Reading

Parts

网 直Straight, Repair

Example Word

放置: neglect. The Japanese noun '放置 (ほうち)' means 'neglect' or 'leaving something as it is without taking action'. It is often used to describe situations where something is ignored or abandoned, either intentionally or unintentionally. For example: the neglect of the problem led to bigger issues「問題の放置が大きな問題を引き起こした」(もんだいのほうちがおおきなもんだいをひきおこした). The car was left abandoned on the side of the road「車が道端に放置されていた」(くるまがみちばたにほうちされていた). This word can also be used in contexts like '放置プレイ (ほうちプレイ)', which refers to a gaming strategy where the player leaves the game running without active input.

Radical

网

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

198

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Return

Reading

Parts

辶Walk 反Anti

Example Word

引き返す: turn back. The Japanese verb '引き返す (ひきかえす)' means 'to turn back' or 'to return'. It is used when someone or something reverses direction and goes back to a previous location or state. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as physical movement, decisions, or actions. For example: He turned back halfway through the journey「彼は途中で引き返した」(かれはとちゅうでひきかえした). Due to the bad weather, we had to turn back「悪天候のため、引き返さなければならなかった」(あくてんこうのため、ひきかえさなければならなかった). The verb often implies a deliberate decision to go back, rather than simply returning.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

199

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Help

Reading

Parts

且Moreover, Also 力Power

Example Word

助かる: saved. The Japanese verb '助かる (たすかる)' means 'to be saved' or 'to be rescued'. It is often used to express relief or gratitude when someone or something is saved from a difficult or dangerous situation. This verb can also imply being helped or assisted in a way that alleviates a burden. For example: I was saved by the doctor「医者に助かった」(いしゃにたすかった). It really helps me out「とても助かります」(とてもたすかります). The verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, such as being saved from physical danger or being relieved from stress or work.

Radical

力

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

200

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Shape

Reading

Parts

彡Fur 开Open

Example Word

形態: form. The Japanese noun '形態 (けいたい)' refers to the 'form' or 'shape' of something, often in a structural or abstract sense. It is commonly used in contexts related to biology, art, or systems to describe the arrangement or configuration of elements. For example: The form of this sculpture is unique「この彫刻の形態は独特だ」(このちょうこくのけいたいはどくとくだ). The company is changing its organizational structure「会社はその組織形態を変えている」(かいしゃはそのそしきけいたいをかえている). This word can also be used in philosophical or theoretical discussions to describe the nature or essence of something.

Radical

彡

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

201

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Other

Radical Form Of

亻

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)也To be

Example Word

他者: others. The Japanese noun '他者 (たしゃ)' means 'others' or 'other people'. It refers to individuals who are distinct from oneself, often emphasizing their separateness or different perspectives. This term is commonly used in philosophical, psychological, and social contexts to discuss relationships, empathy, or the distinction between self and others. For example: understanding others is important「他者を理解することは大切です」(たしゃをりかいすることはたいせつです). Respecting others' opinions is essential「他者の意見を尊重することが必要です」(たしゃのいけんをそんちょうすることがひつようです). The word carries a nuanced sense of recognizing the individuality and autonomy of others.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

202

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Command, Life

Reading

Parts

令Orders 口Mouth

Example Word

寿命: lifespan. The Japanese noun '寿命 (じゅみょう)' refers to the length of time that a living being, object, or system is expected to live or function. It is commonly used in contexts discussing the natural life expectancy of humans, animals, or even the durability of machines and technology. For example: The lifespan of a cat is about 15 years「猫の寿命は約15年です」(ねこのじゅみょうはやく15ねんです). This smartphone has a short lifespan「このスマートフォンは寿命が短い」(このスマートフォンはじゅみょうがみじかい). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe the 'life' of non-living things, such as the lifespan of a product or trend.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

203

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Become

Reading

Parts

戊

Example Word

成立: establishment. The Japanese verbal noun '成立 (せいりつ)' refers to the establishment, formation, or coming into existence of something, such as a system, agreement, or condition. It is often used in formal or technical contexts to describe the process of something being successfully created or realized. For example: The agreement was successfully established「その合意が成立した」(そのごういがせいりつした). The conditions for the plan's establishment were met「計画の成立条件が整った」(けいかくのせいりつじょうけんがととのった). This term is commonly used in legal, political, or organizational contexts.

Radical

戈

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

204

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Concept

Reading

Parts

心Heart 相Mutual

Example Word

空想: daydream. The Japanese verbal noun '空想 (くうそう)' refers to the act of daydreaming or indulging in fantasy. It is often used to describe imaginative thoughts or scenarios that are not grounded in reality. For example: I often daydream about traveling the world「私はよく世界旅行を空想する」(わたしはよくせかいりょこうをくうそうする). His stories are full of wild fantasies「彼の話は空想に満ちている」(かれのはなしはくうそうにみちている). The term can also be used in a more neutral or creative context, such as when discussing imaginative works or ideas.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

206

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Love

Reading

Parts

心Heart 爪Claw 冖Crown 夂Late

Example Word

愛: love. The Japanese verbal noun '愛 (あい)' means 'love'. It refers to a deep feeling of affection, care, or attachment towards someone or something. This word is often used in both romantic and non-romantic contexts, such as love for family, friends, or even hobbies. For example: I love my family「私は家族を愛しています」(わたしはかぞくをあいしています). Love is important in life「愛は人生で大切です」(あいはじんせいでたいせつです). The word can also be used in compound words like '愛犬 (あいけん)' (beloved dog) or '愛国心 (あいこくしん)' (patriotism).

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

209

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Deal with

Reading

Parts

夂Late 几

Example Word

何処: where. The Japanese pronoun '何処 (どこ)' means 'where'. It is used to ask about the location of something or someone. This pronoun is commonly used in questions to inquire about places or directions. For example: Where is the station?「駅は何処ですか？」(えきはどこですか？). Where did you go?「何処に行きましたか？」(どこにいきましたか？). It can also be used in statements to indicate an unknown or unspecified location, such as 'I don't know where it is'「何処にあるか分からない」(どこにあるかわからない). The word '何処' is often written in hiragana as 'どこ' in modern Japanese, but the kanji form is still used in formal or literary contexts.

Radical

几

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

212

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Solve, Untie

Reading

Parts

角Corner, Angle 刀Sword 牛Cow

Example Word

解く: solve or untie. The Japanese verb '解く (とく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to solve', as in solving a problem or puzzle. For example: I solved the math problem「数学の問題を解いた」(すうがくのもんだいをといた). The second meaning is 'to untie', as in untying a knot or untying something that is bound. For example: He untied the rope「彼はロープを解いた」(かれはロープをといた). The verb can also be used metaphorically, such as untying a mystery or solving a riddle. The context will usually make it clear which meaning is intended.

Radical

角

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

213

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Usual, Normal

Reading

Parts

尚Still, Esteem 巾Towel

Example Word

異常: abnormal. The Japanese adjectival noun '異常 (いじょう)' means 'abnormal' or 'unusual'. It is used to describe something that deviates from the norm or is out of the ordinary. This word can be applied to various contexts, such as weather, behavior, or conditions. For example: The weather is abnormal today「今日の天気は異常だ」(きょうのてんきはいじょうだ). His behavior is unusual「彼の行動は異常だ」(かれのこうどうはいじょうだ). It can also be used in medical contexts to describe abnormal conditions or symptoms. For instance: The patient has abnormal symptoms「患者は異常な症状がある」(かんじゃはいじょうなしょうじょうがある).

Radical

巾

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

214

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Barrier, Related

Reading

Parts

門Gate 关Close

Example Word

税関: customs. The Japanese noun '税関 (ぜいかん)' refers to 'customs', specifically the government agency responsible for regulating the flow of goods into and out of a country, as well as collecting duties and taxes on imports and exports. This term is commonly used in contexts related to international travel, shipping, and trade. For example: I went through customs「税関を通りました」(ぜいかんをとおりました). The customs officer checked my luggage「税関の職員が私の荷物をチェックしました」(ぜいかんのしょくいんがわたしのにもつをチェックしました). It is important to note that '税関' is often associated with airports, seaports, and border crossings.

Radical

門

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

215

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Important, Need

Reading

Parts

覀 女Woman

Example Word

不要: unnecessary. The Japanese adjectival noun '不要 (ふよう)' means 'unnecessary'. It is used to describe something that is not needed or required. This word is often used in formal or practical contexts, such as in instructions, warnings, or when discussing items or actions that are superfluous. For example: This tool is unnecessary「この道具は不要です」(このどうぐはふようです). Unnecessary items should be removed「不要なものは取り除いてください」(ふようなものはとりのぞいてください). The word can also imply that something is redundant or excessive, depending on the context.

Radical

西

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

220

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Report

Reading

Parts

日Day, Sun 丨Stick

Example Word

申告: report or declaration. The Japanese noun '申告 (しんこく)' refers to the act of reporting or declaring something, often in an official or formal context. It is commonly used in situations such as tax reporting, customs declarations, or notifying authorities about specific information. For example: I filed a tax report「税金の申告をしました」(ぜいきんのしんこくをしました). Please declare any prohibited items「禁止されている物を申告してください」(きんしされているものをしんこくしてください). The word carries a formal tone and is typically used in legal, financial, or bureaucratic settings.

Radical

田

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

221

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Exceed, Error

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 咼

Example Word

過ごす: spend. The Japanese verb '過ごす (すごす)' means 'to spend' time or to pass time in a certain way. It is commonly used to describe how one spends their time, whether it's a day, a season, or a period of life. For example: I spent the summer in Hokkaido「夏を北海道で過ごした」(なつをほっかいどうですごした). We spent a pleasant evening together「楽しい夜を一緒に過ごした」(たのしいよるをいっしょにすごした). The verb can also imply the manner in which time is spent, such as leisurely or busily. It is a versatile verb that can be used in various contexts to describe the passage of time.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

223

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Beginning, First

Reading

Parts

衤 刀Sword

Example Word

初めて: first. The Japanese adverb '初めて (はじめて)' means 'for the first time'. It is used to indicate that something is happening or being experienced for the very first time. This word is often used to express a sense of novelty or newness. For example: I went to Japan for the first time「初めて日本に行きました」(はじめてにほんにいきました). This is the first time I've eaten sushi「初めて寿司を食べました」(はじめてすしをたべました). It can also be used to describe the first occurrence of an event or action. Note that '初めて' is often used with verbs in the past tense to indicate that the action was done for the first time.

Radical

刀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

226

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Fly

Reading

Parts

升Sho, Measuring box

Example Word

飛び上がる: jump. The Japanese verb '飛び上がる (とびあがる)' means 'to jump up' or 'to leap up'. It is often used to describe a sudden, energetic upward movement, either physically or metaphorically. For example: The cat jumped up when it heard the noise「猫は音を聞いて飛び上がった」(ねこはおとをきいてとびあがった). He jumped up in surprise「彼は驚いて飛び上がった」(かれはおどろいてとびあがった). This verb can also be used to express excitement or shock, as in '飛び上がるほど嬉しい (とびあがるほどうれしい)' (so happy that one could jump for joy).

Radical

飛

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

229

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Suffer

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 古Old

Example Word

苦: suffering. The Japanese noun '苦 (く)' refers to 'suffering' or 'hardship'. It is often used in contexts related to physical or emotional pain, difficulties, or challenges. This word is commonly found in Buddhist teachings, where it is one of the fundamental concepts, but it is also used in everyday language to describe personal struggles. For example: life is full of suffering「人生は苦に満ちている」(じんせいはくにみちている). He endured great hardship「彼は大きな苦を耐えた」(かれはおおきなくをたえた). The word can also appear in compounds, such as '苦痛 (くつう)' (pain) or '苦労 (くろう)' (hardship).

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

230

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Number

Reading

Parts

攵Strike 米Rice 女Woman

Example Word

数百: hundreds. The Japanese noun '数百 (すうひゃく)' means 'hundreds'. It is used to indicate an approximate quantity in the hundreds, often when the exact number is not specified or is not important. This term is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. For example: hundreds of people attended the event「数百人がイベントに参加した」(すうひゃくにんがイベントにさんかした). There are hundreds of books in the library「図書館には数百冊の本がある」(としょかんにはすうひゃくさつのほんがある). Note that '数百' is often followed by a counter or a noun to specify what is being counted, such as '数百人 (すうひゃくにん)' (hundreds of people) or '数百冊 (すうひゃくさつ)' (hundreds of books).

Radical

攴

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

235

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Change

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)匕Spoon

Example Word

文化財: cultural asset. The Japanese noun '文化財 (ぶんかざい)' refers to 'cultural assets' or 'cultural properties'. These are items of significant cultural, historical, or artistic value that are preserved and protected by law. Examples include historical buildings, artworks, traditional crafts, and intangible cultural heritage like performing arts. For example: This temple is a designated cultural asset「この寺は文化財に指定されています」(このてらはぶんかざいにしていされています). The government protects cultural assets「政府は文化財を保護しています」(せいふはぶんかざいをほごしています). The term emphasizes the importance of preserving cultural heritage for future generations.

Radical

匕

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

236

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Determine

Reading

Parts

宀Roof 正Correct

Example Word

未定: undecided. The Japanese noun '未定 (みてい)' means 'undecided' or 'not yet determined'. It is used to describe situations, plans, or decisions that have not been finalized or settled. This word is often used in formal or professional contexts, such as scheduling, planning, or decision-making processes. For example: The date is still undecided「日付はまだ未定です」(ひづけはまだみていです). The venue for the event is undecided「イベントの会場は未定です」(イベントのかいじょうはみていです). It can also be used in casual contexts to express uncertainty, such as: I'm undecided about what to eat「何を食べるか未定です」(なにをたべるかみていです).

Radical

宀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

237

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Accompany, Offer

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)共Together

Example Word

提供: provide. The Japanese verbal noun '提供 (ていきょう)' means 'provide' or 'supply'. It is commonly used in contexts where something is being offered or made available, such as services, information, or goods. For example: The company provides free Wi-Fi「その会社は無料のWi-Fiを提供しています」(そのかいしゃはむりょうのWi-Fiをていきょうしています). This restaurant provides vegetarian options「このレストランはベジタリアン向けのメニューを提供しています」(このレストランはベジタリアンむけのメニューをていきょうしています). The word is often used in formal or business settings, and it emphasizes the act of giving or making something accessible to others.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

239

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Old, Aged

Reading

Parts

耂Old (老)匕Spoon

Example Word

老: old. The Japanese prefix '老 (ろう)' means 'old' and is used to indicate age or seniority. It is often attached to nouns to describe something or someone as being old or elderly. For example: old man「老人」(ろうじん). old age「老年」(ろうねん). This prefix is commonly used in formal or respectful contexts to refer to elderly people or things that have aged. It carries a nuance of respect and experience, especially when referring to people.

Radical

老

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

242

Radical Form

耂

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

People, Nation

Reading

Parts

氏Family name

Example Word

民法: civil code. The Japanese noun '民法 (みんぽう)' refers to the 'civil code', which is a body of laws that govern private legal matters such as contracts, property, family law, and obligations between individuals. It is a crucial part of the legal system in Japan, regulating the legal relationships of citizens. For example: the civil code regulates marriage and divorce 「民法は結婚と離婚を規定している」 (みんぽうはけっこんとりこんをきていしている). He studies civil code at university 「彼は大学で民法を勉強している」 (かれはだいがくでみんぽうをべんきょうしている). The term is commonly used in legal contexts and is essential for understanding Japanese law.

Radical

氏

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

243

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Be, Exist

Reading

Example Word

現在: present or current. The Japanese noun '現在 (げんざい)' refers to the concept of the 'present' or 'current' time. It is often used to describe the current state or situation of something. For example: the current situation is serious「現在の状況は深刻です」(げんざいのじょうきょうはしんこくです). I am currently living in Tokyo「私は現在東京に住んでいます」(わたしはげんざいとうきょうにすんでいます). The word can also be used in a more abstract sense to refer to the present moment in time, as in 'the present moment is all we have'「現在の瞬間がすべてです」(げんざいのしゅんかんがすべてです).

Radical

土

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

245

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Record

Reading

Parts

己Oneself 言Say

Example Word

記: record. The Japanese suffix '記 (き)' means 'record' or 'chronicle'. It is commonly attached to nouns to indicate a written account, documentation, or record of something. For example: a travel record「旅行記」(りょこうき). A historical record「歴史記」(れきしき). This suffix is often used in formal or literary contexts to denote a systematic or detailed account of events, experiences, or information. It can also imply a sense of permanence or importance in the documentation.

Radical

言

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

246

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Deep

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)罙Deep

Example Word

深さ: depth. The Japanese noun '深さ (ふかさ)' means 'depth'. It refers to the measurement of how deep something is, whether it's a physical object like a pool or an abstract concept like emotions. For example: the depth of the ocean「海の深さ」(うみのふかさ). The depth of his feelings「彼の感情の深さ」(かれのかんじょうのふかさ). This word is often used in both literal and metaphorical contexts to describe the extent or intensity of something.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

248

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Grass

Reading

Parts

早Early, Fast 艹Grass

Example Word

ほうれん草: spinach. The Japanese noun 'ほうれん草 (ほうれんそう)' refers to 'spinach', a leafy green vegetable commonly used in cooking. It is a staple in many Japanese dishes, such as salads, soups, and side dishes. For example: I bought spinach at the market「ほうれん草を市場で買いました」(ほうれんそうをいちばでかいました). Spinach is rich in iron「ほうれん草は鉄分が豊富です」(ほうれんそうはてつぶんがほうふです). This word is often used in everyday conversation, especially when discussing food or recipes.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

250

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Surface, Express

Reading

Parts

𧘇Garment (衣)龶Life (生)

Example Word

表情: expression. The Japanese noun '表情 (ひょうじょう)' refers to the 'expression' on someone's face, conveying emotions or feelings. It is commonly used to describe how someone's face looks when they are happy, sad, angry, or surprised. For example: Her expression was very sad「彼女の表情はとても悲しそうだった」(かのじょのひょうじょうはとてもかなしそうだった). I couldn't read his expression「彼の表情が読めなかった」(かれのひょうじょうがよめなかった). This word is often used in contexts involving emotions, communication, or interpersonal interactions.

Radical

衣

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

251

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Attach

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)寸Measurement

Example Word

付き: attached. The Japanese suffix '付き (つき)' means 'attached' or 'included'. It is used to indicate that something comes with or is attached to something else. This suffix is often used in contexts like facilities, services, or features that are included with a product or place. For example: a room with a bathroom attached「バスルーム付きの部屋」(バスルームつきのへや). A meal with dessert included「デザート付きの食事」(デザートつきのしょくじ). It can also imply a sense of accompaniment or association, such as in 'guide attached'「ガイド付き」(ガイドつき). Note that '付き' is often written in hiragana when used as a suffix, but it can also appear as part of compound words written in kanji, such as '手付き (てつき)' (hand movements).

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

252

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Decide

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)夬Decide

Example Word

判決: verdict. The Japanese noun '判決 (はんけつ)' refers to a formal decision or judgment made by a court of law. It is commonly used in legal contexts to describe the outcome of a trial or legal proceeding. For example: The verdict was guilty「判決は有罪だった」(はんけつはゆうざいだった). The court announced its verdict「裁判所は判決を言い渡した」(さいばんしょははんけつをいいわたした). This term is specific to legal judgments and is not used in casual or everyday contexts.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

253

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Invite, Call

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 乎

Example Word

呼び掛ける: callout. The Japanese verb '呼び掛ける (よびかける)' primarily means 'to call out' or 'to appeal to someone'. It is often used when addressing a group of people or making a public appeal. This verb can also imply a sense of urgency or importance in the call. For example: The teacher called out to the students「先生は生徒に呼び掛けた」(せんせいはせいとによびかけた). The politician appealed to the citizens for support「政治家は市民に支援を呼び掛けた」(せいじかはしみんにしえんをよびかけた). The nuance of this verb often involves reaching out to others, whether for attention, help, or action.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

256

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Far

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 吉Lucky, Good luck 衣Clothes

Example Word

待ち遠しい: eagerly awaited. The Japanese adjective '待ち遠しい (まちどおしい)' conveys a sense of eager anticipation or longing for something that is expected to happen in the future. It is often used to describe feelings of excitement or impatience while waiting for a highly anticipated event, person, or thing. For example: I can't wait for the festival「祭りが待ち遠しい」(まつりがまちどおしい). The children are eagerly awaiting the summer vacation「子供たちは夏休みが待ち遠しい」(こどもたちはなつやすみがまちどおしい). This word is commonly used in contexts where the speaker is looking forward to something with great enthusiasm.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

257

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Hit

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)丁Street

Example Word

打ち合わせ: meeting. The Japanese verbal noun '打ち合わせ (うちあわせ)' refers to a meeting or discussion, typically held to coordinate or plan something in advance. It is often used in professional or organizational contexts to describe a preparatory meeting where details are ironed out. For example: We had a meeting to discuss the project「プロジェクトについて打ち合わせをしました」(ぷろじぇくとについてうちあわせをしました). Let's have a quick meeting before the presentation「プレゼンの前に打ち合わせをしましょう」(ぷれぜんのまえにうちあわせをしましょう). The term emphasizes the collaborative and preparatory nature of the meeting, rather than a formal or large-scale gathering.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

260

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Profit, Advantage

Reading

Parts

禾Cereal 刂Sword (刀)

Example Word

便利: convenient. The Japanese adjectival noun '便利 (べんり)' means 'convenient'. It is used to describe something that is useful, handy, or makes tasks easier. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to refer to tools, services, or situations that save time or effort. For example: This app is very convenient「このアプリはとても便利です」(このアプリはとてもべんりです). The convenience store is nearby「コンビニが近くて便利です」(コンビニがちかくてべんりです). Note that '便利' can also describe people who are helpful or resourceful, as in '彼は便利な人だ (かれはべんりなひとだ) (He is a helpful person).'

Radical

刀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

262

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Inevitable, Certain

Reading

Parts

心Heart 丿Katakana no

Example Word

必死に: desperately. The Japanese adverb '必死に (ひっしに)' means 'desperately' or 'with all one's might'. It is used to describe actions performed with extreme effort, urgency, or determination, often in situations where failure is not an option. This word carries a strong sense of urgency and can be used in both positive and negative contexts. For example: He desperately tried to escape「彼は必死に逃げようとした」(かれはひっしににげようとした). She studied desperately for the exam「彼女は試験のために必死に勉強した」(かのじょはしけんのためにひっしにべんきょうした). The word can also imply a sense of life-or-death seriousness, depending on the context.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

264

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Kill

Reading

Parts

殳Pike 木Tree, Wood

Example Word

殺す: kill. The Japanese verb '殺す (ころす)' means 'to kill'. It is used to describe the act of causing the death of a living being, whether intentionally or unintentionally. This verb can be applied to humans, animals, or even metaphorically to ideas or emotions. For example: he killed the insect「彼は虫を殺した」(かれはむしをころした). The harsh words killed her enthusiasm「厳しい言葉が彼女の熱意を殺した」(きびしいことばがかのじょのねついをころした). Note that this verb carries a strong and often negative connotation, so it should be used with care in conversation.

Radical

殳

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

265

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Machine, Opportunity

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 幾Some, How many

Example Word

機嫌: mood. The Japanese noun '機嫌 (きげん)' refers to someone's mood or state of mind. It is often used to describe whether someone is in a good or bad mood. For example: Her mood is good today「彼女の機嫌は今日良い」(かのじょのきげんはきょうよい). He is in a bad mood「彼は機嫌が悪い」(かれはきげんがわるい). The word can also be used in greetings like 'ご機嫌いかが？ (ごきげんいかが？)', which means 'How are you?' or 'How is your mood?'. It is important to note that '機嫌' is often used in formal or polite contexts.

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

269

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Remember, Awake

Reading

Parts

見See

Example Word

目覚まし: alarm. The Japanese noun '目覚まし (めざまし)' refers to an alarm, typically used to wake someone up. It is often associated with alarm clocks or devices that produce a sound to rouse a person from sleep. For example: I set the alarm for 7 AM「目覚ましを7時にセットした」(めざましをしちじにセットした). The alarm didn't go off this morning「今朝、目覚ましが鳴らなかった」(けさ、めざましがならなかった). The word can also be used in compounds like '目覚まし時計 (めざましどけい)', which specifically means 'alarm clock'.

Radical

見

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

270

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Excess

Reading

Parts

亼 朩

Example Word

余: extra. The Japanese suffix '余 (よ)' is used to indicate an excess or surplus of something. It is often attached to numbers to signify 'more than' or 'over' a certain amount. For example: over 100 people「100人余」(ひゃくにんよ). This suffix can also be used in a more abstract sense to denote something beyond the expected or necessary, such as in '余裕 (よゆう)' which means 'leeway' or 'room to spare'. Another example: there is extra time「余った時間がある」(あまったじかんがある).

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

273

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Investigate, Tune

Reading

Parts

言Say 周Circumference

Example Word

調理: cooking. The Japanese noun '調理 (ちょうり)' refers to the act or process of cooking or preparing food. It is commonly used in contexts related to food preparation, such as in professional kitchens, home cooking, or culinary arts. For example: I am studying cooking「私は調理を勉強しています」(わたしはちょうりをべんきょうしています). This kitchen is for cooking「このキッチンは調理用です」(このキッチンはちょうりようです). The word can also appear in compound terms like '調理師 (ちょうりし)', which means 'chef' or 'cook'.

Radical

言

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

274

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Reason

Reading

Parts

十Ten 口Mouth

Example Word

自由: freedom or liberty. The Japanese adjectival noun '自由 (じゆう)' primarily means 'freedom' or 'liberty'. It refers to the state of being free from constraints, whether physical, social, or psychological. This word is often used in contexts discussing personal freedom, free will, or the absence of restrictions. For example: I want freedom「自由が欲しい」(じゆうがほしい). Children have the freedom to play「子供たちは自由に遊べる」(こどもたちはじゆうにあそべる). It can also describe something being optional or unrestricted, as in 'free seating'「自由席」(じゆうせき). Note that while 'freedom' and 'liberty' are closely related, 'freedom' emphasizes the absence of constraints, while 'liberty' often implies the right or permission to act freely.

Radical

田

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

278

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Take along

Reading

Parts

辶Walk 車Car

Example Word

連れる: take. The Japanese verb '連れる (つれる)' means 'to take (someone) along' or 'to bring (someone) with you'. It is used when you are accompanying someone or bringing someone with you to a place. This verb often implies that you are leading or guiding the person you are taking. For example: I will take my friend to the park「友達を公園に連れていきます」(ともだちをこうえんにつれていきます). She took her child to school「彼女は子供を学校に連れていった」(かのじょはこどもをがっこうにつれていった). Note that the verb is transitive and requires an object (the person being taken).

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

279

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Kind, Variety

Reading

Parts

禾Cereal 重Heavy

Example Word

品種: breed or variety. The Japanese noun '品種 (ひんしゅ)' refers to a 'breed' or 'variety', particularly in the context of plants, animals, or agricultural products. It is commonly used to describe different types or classifications within a species. For example: this is a new breed of roses「これは新しい品種のバラです」(これはあたらしいひんしゅのバラです). We grow several varieties of apples「私たちはいくつかの品種のリンゴを育てています」(わたしたちはいくつかのひんしゅのリンゴをそだてています). The term is often used in scientific, agricultural, or horticultural contexts to specify distinct types within a category.

Radical

禾

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

280

Handwriting