Jōyō KanjiOrganized by JLPT Level

kanji

Meaning

Third person pronoun, He

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 皮Skin

Example Word

彼れ: that. The Japanese pronoun '彼れ (あれ)' means 'that' and is used to refer to something distant from both the speaker and the listener, either physically or psychologically. It is often used when the specific object or subject is known to both parties but is not immediately present. For example: That is a mountain「あれは山です」(あれはやまです). That over there is my house「あれが私の家です」(あれがわたしのいえです). It can also be used to refer to something that is not tangible, such as an idea or a situation. For example: That was a difficult time「あれは大変な時期でした」(あれはたいへんなじきでした).

Radical

彳

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

19

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Fit, Match

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 一One 人Person

Example Word

合戦: battle. The Japanese noun '合戦 (かっせん)' refers to a 'battle' or 'fight', typically used in the context of historical or large-scale conflicts. It often evokes imagery of samurai or feudal-era battles. For example: The battle was fierce「合戦は激しかった」(かっせんははげしかった). They prepared for the battle「彼らは合戦の準備をした」(かれらはかっせんのじゅんびをした). This word is less commonly used in modern contexts and is more associated with historical or literary descriptions.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

48

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Reside, Be

Reading

Parts

尸Corpse 古Old

Example Word

同居: cohabitation. The Japanese verbal noun '同居 (どうきょ)' refers to the act of living together, typically in the same household. It is often used to describe situations where multiple people, such as family members, roommates, or partners, share a living space. This term can also imply a sense of coexistence or shared living arrangements. For example: My grandparents live with us「祖父母が同居している」(そふぼがどうきょしている). They decided to cohabitate after getting married「結婚後に同居することにした」(けっこんごにどうきょすることにした). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as describing the coexistence of different species or ideas.

Radical

尸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

51

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Honorable, General honorific term

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 卸Wholesale

Example Word

御無沙汰: neglect. The Japanese verbal noun '御無沙汰 (ごぶさた)' refers to the act of neglecting to contact someone or not being in touch for a long time. It is often used in polite expressions to apologize for not having been in contact. For example: I'm sorry for not being in touch「ご無沙汰しております」(ごぶさたしております). It's been a long time since we last met「久しぶりに会いましたね」(ひさしぶりにあいましたね). This term is commonly used in formal or semi-formal contexts to express regret for not maintaining communication.

Radical

彳

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

54

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Way, Form

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 羊Sheep 氺Water (水)

Example Word

多様: diverse. The Japanese adjectival noun '多様 (たよう)' means 'diverse'. It is used to describe a variety or multiplicity of things, often emphasizing the presence of many different types or forms within a group or category. This term is commonly used in contexts discussing culture, biology, opinions, or methods. For example: The opinions of the participants were diverse「参加者の意見は多様だった」(さんかしゃのいけんはたようだった). The ecosystem is diverse「その生態系は多様だ」(そのせいたいけいはたようだ). It can also be used to describe a wide range of options or choices, such as in '多様な選択肢 (たようなせんたくし) (diverse choices)'.

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

56

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Place

Reading

Parts

戸Door 斤Axe, Catty

Example Word

住所: address. The Japanese noun '住所 (じゅうしょ)' means 'address'. It refers to the specific location or place where someone lives or where a business is situated. This word is commonly used in formal and everyday contexts, such as filling out forms, giving directions, or providing contact information. For example: What is your address?「あなたの住所は何ですか？」(あなたのじゅうしょはなんですか？). Please write your address here「ここに住所を書いてください」(ここにじゅうしょをかいてください). The word is neutral and can be used in both written and spoken Japanese.

Radical

戶

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

65

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Fruit, Truth

Reading

Parts

宀Roof 𡗗Folded hands

Example Word

実践: practice. The Japanese noun '実践 (じっせん)' means 'practice' in the sense of putting theory or knowledge into action. It is often used in contexts related to education, training, or personal development, where the focus is on applying what has been learned. For example: Practice is important for mastering a skill「実践はスキルを習得するために重要です」(じっせんはスキルをしゅうとくするためにじゅうようです). He put his ideas into practice「彼は自分の考えを実践した」(かれはじぶんのかんがえをじっせんした). The word emphasizes the active application of knowledge rather than just theoretical understanding.

Radical

宀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

69

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Sort of thing, In that case

Reading

Parts

火Fire 肰

Example Word

自然に: naturally. The Japanese adverb '自然に (しぜんに)' means 'naturally'. It is used to describe actions or events that occur in a natural, spontaneous, or unforced manner. This adverb can be applied to a wide range of contexts, from physical actions to emotional responses. For example: she smiled naturally「彼女は自然に笑った」(かのじょはしぜんにわらった). The flowers bloomed naturally「花が自然に咲いた」(はながしぜんにさいた). It can also imply something happening without human intervention, as in 'the wound healed naturally「傷が自然に治った」(きずがしぜんになおった)'. The nuance of '自然に' often conveys a sense of ease or lack of artificiality.

Radical

火

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

73

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Ruler, You

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 尹Official rank

Example Word

君主: monarch. The Japanese noun '君主 (くんしゅ)' refers to a 'monarch', a sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor. This term is used in historical, political, and formal contexts to denote a ruler with supreme authority over a state or territory. For example: The monarch ruled the country wisely「君主は国を賢く治めた」(くんしゅはくにをかしこくおさめた). The power of the monarch was absolute「君主の権力は絶対的だった」(くんしゅのけんりょくはぜったいてきだった). The term can also be used metaphorically in literature or discussions about leadership and authority.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

75

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Face

Reading

Parts

𦣻Neck (首)八Eight 立Stand 厂Cliff 彡Fur

Example Word

笑顔: smile. The Japanese noun '笑顔 (えがお)' means 'smile'. It specifically refers to a smiling face or expression, often conveying happiness, friendliness, or warmth. This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to describe someone's cheerful or kind demeanor. For example: Her smile is beautiful「彼女の笑顔は美しい」(かのじょのえがおはうつくしい). I want to see your smile「あなたの笑顔が見たいです」(あなたのえがおがみたいです). The word '笑顔' is often associated with positive emotions and is frequently used in expressions of encouragement or gratitude.

Radical

頁

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

79

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Face, Surface

Reading

Parts

丆Cliff (厂)囗Box 丨Stick 二Two

Example Word

直面: confrontation. The Japanese noun '直面 (ちょくめん)' refers to a situation where one directly faces or confronts something, often a challenge, problem, or reality. It is commonly used in contexts where someone must deal with a difficult or unavoidable situation head-on. For example: he faced the problem directly「彼は問題に直面した」(かれはもんだいにちょくめんした). The company is confronting a crisis「その会社は危機に直面している」(そのかいしゃはききにちょくめんしている). This word emphasizes the directness and immediacy of the situation being faced.

Radical

面

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

80

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Feeling, Sensation

Reading

Parts

心Heart 咸Same

Example Word

感謝: gratitude. The Japanese verbal noun '感謝 (かんしゃ)' means 'gratitude'. It refers to the feeling of being thankful or appreciative towards someone or something. This word is commonly used in expressions of thanks, such as '感謝します (かんしゃします)' which means 'I am grateful' or 'I appreciate it'. It can also be used in various contexts to express deep appreciation or acknowledgment of kindness, help, or support received. For example: I feel deep gratitude「深い感謝を感じます」(ふかいかんしゃをかんじます). We express our gratitude to you「あなたに感謝を表します」(あなたにかんしゃをひょうします). The word is often used in formal or heartfelt situations, emphasizing sincerity and respect.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

83

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Hit, Appropriate

Reading

Parts

⺌Small (小)彐Katakana yo

Example Word

不当: unjust. The Japanese adjectival noun '不当 (ふとう)' means 'unjust' or 'unfair'. It is used to describe actions, decisions, or situations that are not morally right or reasonable. This word often carries a strong negative connotation and is commonly used in legal, ethical, or social contexts. For example: That decision was unjust「その決定は不当だった」(そのけっていはふとうだった). It is unjust to treat people differently「人を差別するのは不当だ」(ひとをさべつするのはふとうだ). Note that '不当' is often used in formal or serious discussions, and it can also imply a violation of rules or principles.

Radical

彐

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

92

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Take

Reading

Parts

又Again 耳Ear

Example Word

引き取る: take or withdraw. The Japanese verb '引き取る (ひきとる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to take' or 'to take in', often used in contexts where someone takes responsibility for something or someone, such as taking in a stray animal or accepting a package. For example: I took in the stray cat「私はその野良猫を引き取った」(わたしはそののらねこをひきとった). The second meaning is 'to withdraw' or 'to retire', used in contexts where someone steps back or retreats from a situation. For example: He withdrew from the meeting「彼は会議から引き取った」(かれはかいぎからひきとった). The verb can also imply a sense of responsibility or care, especially in the first meaning.

Radical

又

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

93

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Section, Department

Reading

Parts

咅Spit ⻏Mound (阜)

Example Word

部分: part. The Japanese noun '部分 (ぶぶん)' means 'part'. It refers to a section or portion of a whole, and can be used in various contexts, such as physical objects, abstract concepts, or even time. For example: this is the most important part「これが最も重要な部分です」(これがもっともじゅうようなぶぶんです). I only understood part of the story「話の部分しか理解できなかった」(はなしのぶぶんしかりかいできなかった). The word is often used in combination with other nouns to specify a particular part, such as '車の部分 (くるまのぶぶん) (part of the car)' or '計画の部分 (けいかくのぶぶん) (part of the plan)'.

Radical

邑

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

94

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

God

Reading

Parts

礻Cult (示)申Report

Example Word

神社: shrine. The Japanese noun '神社 (じんじゃ)' refers to a 'shrine', which is a sacred place in Shinto religion dedicated to the worship of kami (spirits or deities). Shrines are often characterized by their distinctive architecture, including torii gates, and are places for rituals, prayers, and festivals. For example: I visited a shrine「神社に行きました」(じんじゃにいきました). The shrine is old「その神社は古いです」(そのじんじゃはふるいです). Shrines play a significant role in Japanese culture and are commonly visited during New Year celebrations and other traditional events.

Radical

示

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

99

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Next

Reading

Parts

冫Ice (水)欠Lack

Example Word

次第: procedure or dependence. The Japanese noun '次第 (しだい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'dependence', indicating that something is contingent upon or determined by another factor. For example: It depends on the weather「天気次第です」(てんきしだいです). The second meaning is 'procedure' or 'order', referring to the sequence or method in which things are done. For example: The meeting will proceed according to the agenda「会議は次第に従って進みます」(かいぎはしだいにしたがってすすみます). The word can also be used as a suffix to indicate that something will happen as soon as a certain condition is met, as in '着き次第 (つきしだい)', meaning 'as soon as I arrive'.

Radical

欠

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

101

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Facing, Yonder

Reading

Parts

丿Katakana no 冋Desert

Example Word

振り向く: turn. The Japanese verb '振り向く (ふりむく)' means 'to turn' or 'to look back'. It is used when someone turns their head or body to face a different direction, often in response to a sound or call. This verb can also carry a metaphorical meaning, such as reconsidering a past decision or reflecting on something. For example: She turned when I called her name「私が名前を呼ぶと彼女は振り向いた」(わたしがなまえをよぶとかのじょはふりむいた). He looked back at his childhood memories「彼は子供時代の思い出に振り向いた」(かれはこどものじだいのおもいでにふりむいた). Note that this verb is often used in contexts involving physical movement or emotional reflection.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

103

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Mutual

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 目Eye

Example Word

相撲: sumo. The Japanese noun '相撲 (すもう)' refers to the traditional Japanese sport of sumo wrestling. Sumo is a competitive full-contact wrestling sport where a wrestler (rikishi) aims to force his opponent out of a circular ring (dohyō) or to touch the ground with any part of his body other than the soles of his feet. Sumo has deep cultural and historical significance in Japan, often associated with Shinto rituals. Example sentences: I enjoy watching sumo「相撲を見るのが好きです」(すもうをみるのがすきです). Sumo wrestlers are very strong「相撲取りはとても強いです」(すもうとりはとてもつよいです).

Radical

目

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

104

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Inside

Reading

Parts

冂Enclosure 人Person

Example Word

室内: indoors. The Japanese noun '室内 (しつない)' refers to the 'inside of a room' or 'indoors'. It is commonly used to describe activities, events, or conditions that take place inside a building or enclosed space. For example: Let's stay indoors「室内にいましょう」(しつないにいましょう). The indoor temperature is comfortable「室内の温度は快適です」(しつないのおんどはかいてきです). This word is often used in contrast to '室外 (しつがい)', which means 'outdoors'. It can also be used in compound words like '室内遊び (しつないあそび)' (indoor play) or '室内温度 (しつないおんど)' (indoor temperature).

Radical

冂

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

107

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Voice

Reading

Parts

士Samurai 尸Corpse 丨Stick

Example Word

笑い声: laughter. The Japanese noun '笑い声 (わらいごえ)' refers to the sound of laughter. It is used to describe the audible expression of amusement or joy, often heard in social settings or when someone finds something funny. For example: I heard laughter from the next room「隣の部屋から笑い声が聞こえた」(となりのへやからわらいごえがきこえた). Her laughter was contagious「彼女の笑い声は伝染した」(かのじょのわらいごえはでんせんした). This word is commonly used in both casual and formal contexts to describe the sound of people laughing.

Radical

士

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

110

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Flat

Reading

Parts

干Dry 丷Divide

Example Word

平たい: flat. The Japanese adjective '平たい (ひらたい)' means 'flat'. It is used to describe something that has a smooth, even surface without significant curves or bumps. This word can be applied to physical objects like tables, plates, or terrain, as well as abstract concepts like explanations or stories that are straightforward. For example: The table is flat「テーブルは平たい」(てーぶるはひらたい). His explanation was flat and easy to understand「彼の説明は平たくて分かりやすかった」(かれのせつめいはひらたくてわかりやすかった). Note that '平たい' can also imply simplicity or lack of complexity in non-physical contexts.

Radical

干

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

111

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Leaf

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 枼Table

Example Word

葉書: postcard. The Japanese noun '葉書 (はがき)' refers to a 'postcard'. It is a rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard intended for writing and mailing without an envelope. Postcards are often used for short messages, greetings, or as souvenirs. They typically feature a picture or design on one side and space for a message, address, and stamp on the other. Example sentences: I bought a postcard at the souvenir shop「おみやげやで葉書を買いました」(おみやげやではがきをかいました). Please send me a postcard from your trip「旅行から葉書を送ってください」(りょこうからはがきをおくってください).

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

127

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Head

Reading

Parts

豆Beans 𦣻Neck (首)八Eight

Example Word

到頭: finally. The Japanese adverb '到頭 (とうとう)' means 'finally' or 'at last'. It is used to indicate that something has happened after a long period of time or after much anticipation. This word often carries a nuance of relief, completion, or inevitability. For example: He finally arrived「彼は到頭到着した」(かれはとうとうとうちゃくした). The project is finally finished「そのプロジェクトは到頭終わった」(そのプロジェクトはとうとうおわった). Note that '到頭' is typically used in situations where the outcome was expected or inevitable, and it often implies a sense of closure.

Radical

頁

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

129

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Appear, Current

Reading

Parts

王King 見See

Example Word

出現: appearance. The Japanese noun '出現 (しゅつげん)' means 'appearance' or 'emergence'. It refers to the act of something or someone coming into view or becoming noticeable. This word is often used in contexts where something unexpected or significant makes an appearance. For example: The sudden appearance of a comet「彗星の出現」(すいせいのしゅつげん). The emergence of a new species「新種の出現」(しんしゅのしゅつげん). It can also be used metaphorically to describe the rise or emergence of trends, ideas, or phenomena.

Radical

玉

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

131

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Man, Husband

Reading

Parts

人Person 二Two

Example Word

夫婦: married couple. The Japanese noun '夫婦 (ふうふ)' means 'married couple'. This word refers to two people who are married to each other, regardless of gender. It is used to describe the relationship between the spouses. For example: They are a married couple 「彼らは夫婦です」 (かれらはふうふです). The married couple went on a trip 「夫婦は旅行に行きました」 (ふうふはりょこうにいきました). Note that this word is neutral and does not imply any particular marital status other than being married.

Radical

大

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

133

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Whole, All

Reading

Parts

王King 𠆢Person (人)

Example Word

全部: all. The Japanese adverb '全部 (ぜんぶ)' means 'all' or 'entirely'. It is used to refer to the whole quantity or extent of something, leaving nothing out. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be applied to objects, actions, or abstract concepts. For example: I ate all the cake「ケーキを全部食べた」(ケーキをぜんぶたべた). All the students came「学生は全部来た」(がくせいはぜんぶきた). It can also be used in negative sentences, such as: I didn't understand all of it「全部は分からなかった」(ぜんぶはわからなかった). Note that '全部' is often used with verbs to emphasize completeness.

Radical

入

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

135

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Pull

Reading

Parts

弓Bow 丨Stick

Example Word

引っ越す: move. The Japanese verb '引っ越す (ひっこす)' means 'to move' in the sense of relocating from one residence to another. This verb is commonly used when someone changes their place of living, such as moving to a new house or apartment. It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object or context to indicate what is being moved. For example: I will move next month「来月引っ越します」(らいげつひっこします). They moved to Tokyo「彼らは東京に引っ越した」(かれらはとうきょうにひっこした). The verb can also imply the process of packing and transporting belongings, as well as settling into a new location.

Radical

弓

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

138

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Acquire

Reading

Parts

彳Stop 㝵

Example Word

所得: income. The Japanese noun '所得 (しょとく)' refers to 'income' or 'earnings'. It is commonly used in contexts related to finance, economics, and personal earnings. This term can refer to various types of income, such as salary, wages, or profits. For example: His income is high「彼の所得は高い」(かれのしょとくはたかい). The government taxes income「政府は所得に課税する」(せいふはしょとくにかぜいする). It is important to note that '所得' is often used in formal or official contexts, such as tax-related discussions or financial reports.

Radical

彳

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

139

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Laugh

Reading

Parts

⺮Bamboo (竹)禾Cereal

Example Word

微笑: smile. The Japanese noun '微笑 (びしょう)' refers to a 'smile', particularly a gentle or faint smile. It is often used in formal or literary contexts to describe a subtle, soft, or serene expression. For example: Her smile was gentle「彼女の微笑は優しかった」(かのじょのびしょうはやさしかった). The painting captured a faint smile「その絵はかすかな微笑をとらえていた」(そのえはかすかなびしょうをとらえていた). This word carries a nuance of quiet beauty and is less commonly used in casual conversation compared to '笑顔 (えがお)', which is a more general term for a smile.

Radical

竹

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

143

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Beautiful

Reading

Parts

𦍌Sheep (羊)大Big

Example Word

美人: beauty. The Japanese noun '美人 (びじん)' refers to a beautiful woman or a beauty. It is commonly used to describe someone who is physically attractive, often emphasizing facial beauty. The term can be used in both formal and informal contexts, but it is generally considered a compliment. For example: She is a beauty「彼女は美人だ」(かのじょはびじんだ). That actress is a famous beauty「あの女優は有名な美人だ」(あのじょゆうはゆうめいなびじんだ). The word can also be used in idiomatic expressions or proverbs, such as '美人薄命 (びじんはくめい)', which means 'beautiful women often have unfortunate fates.'

Radical

羊

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

144

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Thick, Fat

Reading

Parts

大Big 丶Dot

Example Word

太鼓: drum. The Japanese noun '太鼓 (たいこ)' refers to a traditional Japanese drum. It is a percussion instrument that is often used in various traditional Japanese music and performances, such as festivals, theater, and religious ceremonies. The drum is typically made of wood and animal skin, and it is played with sticks called 'bachi'. Example sentences: The sound of the drum is loud「太鼓の音は大きい」(たいこのおとはおおきい). They played the drum at the festival「彼らは祭りで太鼓を叩いた」(かれらはまつりでたいこをたたいた).

Radical

大

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

147

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Against

Reading

Parts

寸Measurement 文Sentence

Example Word

相対: relative. The Japanese noun '相対 (そうたい)' means 'relative'. It refers to something that is considered in relation or comparison to something else, rather than being absolute. This term is often used in contexts involving comparison, relativity, or opposition. For example: relative position「相対的な位置」(そうたいてきないち). Relative truth「相対的な真実」(そうたいてきなしんじつ). The concept of '相対' is fundamental in discussions about perspectives, relationships, and comparisons in various fields such as philosophy, physics, and everyday life.

Radical

寸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

148

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Horse

Reading

Parts

三Three 丨Stick 灬Fire (火)㇉Bent hook

Example Word

馬: horse. The Japanese noun '馬 (うま)' means 'horse'. This word refers to the animal, specifically the domesticated species Equus ferus caballus. It is commonly used in everyday language as well as in idiomatic expressions. For example: I saw a horse at the farm「牧場で馬を見た」(ぼくじょうでうまをみた). The horse is running fast「馬が速く走っている」(うまがはやくはしっている). In Japanese culture, horses have historical significance, often associated with samurai and traditional festivals. The word can also appear in compound words, such as '競馬 (けいば)' (horse racing).

Radical

馬

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

149

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Trust

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)言Say

Example Word

信号: signal. The Japanese noun '信号 (しんごう)' primarily means 'signal'. It is commonly used to refer to traffic signals, such as traffic lights, but can also refer to other types of signals, such as electrical signals or communication signals. For example: The traffic signal turned red「信号が赤になった」(しんごうがあかになった). The signal is weak「信号が弱い」(しんごうがよわい). This word is often used in everyday conversations, especially when discussing traffic or technology.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

151

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Fall

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 氵Water (水)各Each

Example Word

集落: village or settlement. The Japanese noun '集落 (しゅうらく)' refers to a small community or group of houses, typically in a rural area. It can be translated as 'village' or 'settlement'. This term is often used to describe a small, clustered group of dwellings, often in a remote or less urbanized area. For example: The village is surrounded by mountains「その集落は山に囲まれている」(そのしゅうらくはやまにかこまれている). The settlement was established centuries ago「その集落は何世紀も前に作られた」(そのしゅうらくはなんせいきもまえにつくられた). Note that '集落' emphasizes the physical grouping of houses or buildings, rather than the administrative or cultural aspects of a community.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

152

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Most

Reading

Parts

曰 取Take

Example Word

最早: already or no longer. The Japanese adverb '最早 (もはや)' is used to express that a situation has already reached a certain point or that something is no longer the case. It often carries a nuance of finality or inevitability. For example: It's already too late「最早手遅れだ」(もはやておくれだ). He is no longer the person he used to be「最早彼は昔の彼ではない」(もはやかれはむかしのかれではない). This word is commonly used in formal or literary contexts and can convey a sense of resignation or conclusion.

Radical

曰

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

154

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Feeling, Emotion

Reading

Parts

忄 青Blue

Example Word

情勢: situation. The Japanese noun '情勢 (じょうせい)' refers to the state or condition of affairs, particularly in a political, economic, or social context. It is often used to describe the current state of events or trends. For example: The political situation is unstable「政治の情勢は不安定です」(せいじのじょうせいはふあんていです). The economic situation is improving「経済の情勢は改善しています」(けいざいのじょうせいはかいぜんしています). This term is commonly used in news reports, discussions, and analyses to describe the broader state of affairs.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

156

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Attain, Plural

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 羍

Example Word

友達: friend. The Japanese noun '友達 (ともだち)' means 'friend'. It refers to a person whom one knows, likes, and trusts. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation and is neutral in terms of formality. It can be used to describe both close friends and casual acquaintances. For example: I have many friends「友達がたくさんいます」(ともだちがたくさんいます). She is my best friend「彼女は私の親友です」(かのじょはわたしのしんゆうです). Note that '友達' is often used in informal contexts, while '友人 (ゆうじん)' is a more formal alternative.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

160

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Gender, Sex

Reading

Parts

忄 生Life

Example Word

同性: same sex. The Japanese noun '同性 (どうせい)' means 'same-sex'. It is used to refer to people of the same gender or sex. This term is often used in contexts related to relationships, communities, or discussions about gender. For example: They are in a same-sex relationship「彼らは同性の関係です」(かれらはどうせいのかんけいです). The event is for same-sex couples only「そのイベントは同性のカップルのみです」(そのイベントはどうせいのかっぷるのみです). The word can also be used in broader contexts, such as '同性愛 (どうせいあい)' meaning 'homosexuality'.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

162

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Change, Abnormal

Reading

Parts

亦 夂Late

Example Word

変革: reform. The Japanese noun '変革 (へんかく)' means 'reform' or 'transformation'. It refers to a significant change or alteration, often in a system, organization, or society, aimed at improving or modernizing it. This word is commonly used in contexts related to social, political, or organizational changes. For example: The company is undergoing a major reform「その会社は大きな変革を経験している」(そのかいしゃはおおきなへんかくをけいけんしている). We need reform in the education system「教育システムに変革が必要だ」(きょういくシステムにへんかくがひつようだ).

Radical

夂

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

163

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Equal

Reading

Parts

⺮Bamboo (竹)寺Temple

Example Word

不平等: inequality. The Japanese adjectival noun '不平等 (ふびょうどう)' means 'inequality'. It is used to describe a state of unfairness or lack of equality, often in social, economic, or legal contexts. For example: There is inequality in the distribution of wealth「富の分配に不平等がある」(とみのぶんぱいにとみのぶんぱいにふびょうどうがある). The law is unequal「その法律は不平等だ」(そのほうりつはふびょうどうだ). This term can also be used to describe unequal treatment or conditions in various situations, such as in relationships or opportunities.

Radical

竹

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

164

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Straight, Repair

Reading

Parts

十Ten 目Eye 𠃊Second (乙)

Example Word

見直す: reconsider or reassess. The Japanese verb '見直す (みなおす)' can mean 'reconsider' or 'reassess'. It is used when someone re-evaluates or reviews something, often to improve or change their perspective. For example: I need to reconsider my plans「私は計画を見直す必要がある」(わたしはけいかくをみなおすひつようがある). The company reassessed its strategy「会社は戦略を見直した」(かいしゃはせんりゃくをみなおした). This verb can also imply a positive change, such as when someone re-examines and improves something. For instance: He reassessed his lifestyle and became healthier「彼は生活を見直して、より健康になった」(かれはせいかつをみなおして、よりけんこうになった).

Radical

目

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

166

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Law, Method

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)去Past

Example Word

手法: technique. The Japanese noun '手法 (しゅほう)' refers to a method, technique, or approach used to achieve something. It is often used in contexts related to art, craftsmanship, problem-solving, or strategy. For example: This artist's technique is unique「このアーティストの手法は独特だ」(このアーティストのしゅほうはどくとくだ). We need a new approach to solve this problem「この問題を解決するには新しい手法が必要だ」(このもんだいをかいけつするにはあたらしいしゅほうがひつようだ). The word emphasizes the systematic or skillful nature of the method being described.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

169

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Light

Reading

Parts

⺌Small (小)一One 儿Legs

Example Word

観光: sightseeing. The Japanese noun '観光 (かんこう)' refers to 'sightseeing' or 'tourism'. It is commonly used to describe the activity of visiting places of interest, especially when traveling. This word is often associated with leisure travel and exploring new destinations. For example: We went sightseeing in Kyoto「私たちは京都で観光しました」(わたしたちはきょうとでかんこうしました). Sightseeing is popular in this area「この地域では観光が人気です」(このちいきではかんこうがにんきです). The term can also be used in compound words, such as '観光地 (かんこうち)' (tourist spot) or '観光客 (かんこうきゃく)' (tourist).

Radical

儿

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

170

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Put in, Crowded

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 入Enter

Example Word

込める: put or include. The Japanese verb '込める (こめる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to put (something) into' or 'to fill (something) with', often used when referring to physically placing something into a container or space. For example: I put my feelings into the letter「手紙に気持ちを込めた」(てがみにきもちをこめた). The second meaning is 'to include' or 'to incorporate', often used in a more abstract sense. For example: This plan includes everyone's opinions「この計画には皆の意見が込められている」(このけいかくにはみんなのいけんがこめられている). The verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

174

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Like, Fond

Reading

Parts

女Woman 子Child

Example Word

大好き: love. The Japanese adjective '大好き (だいすき)' means 'love' or 'really like'. It is used to express strong affection or preference for something or someone. This word is often used in casual conversations to convey enthusiasm or deep fondness. For example: I love sushi「私は寿司が大好きです」(わたしはすしがだいすきです). He really likes cats「彼は猫が大好きです」(かれはねこがだいすきです). Note that '大好き' is stronger than '好き (すき)', which simply means 'like'.

Radical

女

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

177

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Young

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 右Right

Example Word

若し: if. The Japanese adverb '若し (もし)' means 'if' and is used to introduce a hypothetical or conditional situation. It is often paired with conditional forms of verbs or expressions to indicate a possibility or assumption. For example: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home「もし明日雨が降ったら、家にいます」(もしあしたあめがふったら、いえにいます). If you need help, please tell me「もし助けが必要なら、教えてください」(もしたすけがひつようなら、おしえてください). This word is commonly used in polite or formal contexts and is essential for constructing conditional sentences in Japanese.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

178

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Differ, Different

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 韋

Example Word

違法: illegal. The Japanese noun '違法 (いほう)' means 'illegal'. It refers to actions, activities, or behaviors that are against the law or prohibited by legal regulations. This term is often used in legal, formal, or official contexts. For example: That act is illegal「その行為は違法だ」(そのこういはいほうだ). Illegal parking is strictly prohibited「違法駐車は厳禁です」(いほうちゅうしゃはげんきんです). The word can also be used in compound terms like '違法行為 (いほうこうい)' (illegal act) or '違法ダウンロード (いほうダウンロード)' (illegal download).

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

184

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Theory, Argument

Reading

Parts

言Say 侖

Example Word

言論: discussion or speech. The Japanese noun '言論 (げんろん)' refers to 'speech' or 'discussion', particularly in the context of public expression or debate. It is often used in formal or political contexts to describe the act of expressing opinions or ideas openly. For example: Freedom of speech is important「言論の自由は大切だ」(げんろんのじゆうはたいせつだ). The discussion about the policy was heated「その政策についての言論は白熱した」(そのせいさくについてのげんろんははくねつした). This word is commonly associated with the concept of free speech and intellectual discourse.

Radical

言

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

185

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Meadow, Original

Reading

Parts

厂Cliff 泉Spring, Fountain

Example Word

原子力: nuclear. The Japanese noun '原子力 (げんしりょく)' means 'nuclear' and refers to the energy or power derived from atomic reactions, particularly nuclear fission or fusion. This term is commonly used in contexts related to energy production, weapons, and scientific research. For example: nuclear power plant「原子力発電所」(げんしりょくはつでんしょ). The government is promoting nuclear energy「政府は原子力を推進している」(せいふはげんしりょくをすいしんしている). It's important to note that this term carries significant implications due to its association with both energy and weaponry, and its usage often reflects broader societal and political discussions.

Radical

厂

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

191

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Flow

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)㐬Newborn

Example Word

三流: third rate. The Japanese noun '三流 (さんりゅう)' means 'third-rate'. It is used to describe something of low quality, inferior, or not up to standard. This term is often used in contexts like ranking, performance, or quality, where things are categorized into first-rate (一流), second-rate (二流), and third-rate (三流). For example: That restaurant is third-rate「あのレストランは三流だ」(あのレストランはさんりゅうだ). His skills are third-rate「彼の技術は三流だ」(かれのぎじゅつはさんりゅうだ). Note that this term can carry a negative connotation, so it should be used carefully.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

192

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Lively

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)舌Tongue

Example Word

生活: life. The Japanese verbal noun '生活 (せいかつ)' refers to 'life' in the sense of daily living or livelihood. It encompasses the activities, routines, and conditions that constitute a person's way of living. This term is often used in contexts related to lifestyle, living conditions, and daily necessities. For example: I want to improve my life「生活を改善したい」(せいかつをかいぜんしたい). His life is very busy「彼の生活はとても忙しい」(かれのせいかつはとてもいそがしい). The word can also be used in compound nouns, such as '日常生活 (にちじょうせいかつ)' meaning 'daily life'.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

193

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Theory, Explanation

Reading

Parts

訁Say (言)兑

Example Word

説得: persuasion. The Japanese verbal noun '説得 (せっとく)' means 'persuasion'. It refers to the act of convincing someone to agree with or accept a particular idea, opinion, or course of action. This term is often used in contexts where one person is trying to influence another's thoughts or decisions. For example: His persuasion was successful「彼の説得は成功した」(かれのせっとくはせいこうした). I tried persuasion but it didn't work「説得を試みたがうまくいかなかった」(せっとくをこころみたがうまくいかなかった). The word can also be used in more formal or serious situations, such as legal or business negotiations.

Radical

言

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

194

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Stone

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 丆Cliff (厂)

Example Word

石油: oil. The Japanese noun '石油 (せきゆ)' refers to 'oil', specifically petroleum or crude oil. It is commonly used in contexts related to energy, fuel, and industrial applications. For example: This country imports a lot of oil「この国は石油をたくさん輸入する」(このくにはせきゆをたくさんゆにゅうする). Oil is an important resource「石油は重要な資源だ」(せきゆはじゅうようなしげんだ). The word is often associated with discussions about energy production, environmental issues, and global markets.

Radical

石

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

197

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Put

Reading

Parts

网 直Straight, Repair

Example Word

措置: measure. The Japanese verbal noun '措置 (そち)' refers to a 'measure' or 'step' taken to address a situation or problem. It is often used in formal or official contexts to describe actions or policies implemented to resolve issues. For example: The government took measures to prevent the spread of the disease「政府は病気の拡散を防ぐための措置を取った」(せいふはびょうきのかくさんをふせぐためのそちをとった). The company implemented safety measures「会社は安全措置を実施した」(かいしゃはあんぜんそちをじっしした). This term is commonly used in discussions about policies, regulations, or administrative actions.

Radical

网

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

198

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Return

Reading

Parts

辶Walk 反Anti

Example Word

返却: return. The Japanese verbal noun '返却 (へんきゃく)' means 'return' in the sense of giving something back, such as returning a borrowed item. It is commonly used in contexts like returning books to a library or returning rented items. For example: Please return the book by tomorrow「本を明日までに返却してください」(ほんをあしたまでにへんきゃくしてください). I returned the DVD to the rental shop「DVDをレンタルショップに返却した」(DVDをレンタルショップにへんきゃくした). The term emphasizes the act of returning something to its original place or owner.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

199

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Help

Reading

Parts

且Moreover, Also 力Power

Example Word

助ける: help. The Japanese verb '助ける (たすける)' means 'to help' or 'to assist'. It is used when someone provides assistance or support to another person, often in a situation where the other person is in trouble or needs aid. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as helping someone physically, emotionally, or financially. For example: I helped my friend「友達を助けた」(ともだちをたすけた). She helped me with my homework「彼女は私の宿題を助けてくれた」(かのじょはわたしのしゅくだいをたすけてくれた). It can also imply saving someone from danger, as in: The lifeguard helped the drowning child「ライフガードは溺れている子供を助けた」(ライフガードはおぼれているこどもをたすけた). Note that '助ける' is often used in situations where the help is significant or impactful.

Radical

力

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

200

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Shape

Reading

Parts

彡Fur 开Open

Example Word

形容詞: adjective. The Japanese noun '形容詞 (けいようし)' refers to 'adjective' in English. It is a part of speech that describes or modifies a noun, providing additional information about its qualities or states. In Japanese grammar, 形容詞 specifically refers to i-adjectives, which are a distinct category of adjectives that end in 'い' in their dictionary form. For example: This is a beautiful flower「これは美しい花です」(これはうつくしいはなです). The weather is cold today「今日は寒いです」(きょうはさむいです). Understanding 形容詞 is crucial for constructing descriptive sentences in Japanese.

Radical

彡

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

201

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Other

Radical Form Of

亻

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)也To be

Example Word

他: other or else. The Japanese noun '他 (た／ほか)' primarily means 'other' or 'else'. It is used to refer to something or someone different from what has been mentioned or is already known. The reading 'た' is more formal and often used in written contexts, while 'ほか' is more common in spoken language. For example: I have other plans「他に予定があります」(ほかによていがあります). Is there anything else?「他に何かありますか？」(ほかになにかありますか？). The word can also be used to indicate additional items or people, as in 'other people'「他の人」(ほかのひと). It's important to note that '他' can sometimes imply exclusion or contrast, depending on the context.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

202

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Command, Life

Reading

Parts

令Orders 口Mouth

Example Word

命令: order. The Japanese verbal noun '命令 (めいれい)' means 'order' or 'command'. It is used to describe an authoritative directive given by someone in a position of authority, such as a boss, teacher, or military officer. This term is often used in formal or hierarchical contexts. For example: The boss gave an order「上司が命令を出した」(じょうしがめいれいをだした). The soldier followed the command「兵士は命令に従った」(へいしはめいれいにしたがった). It can also be used in legal or technical contexts, such as in programming, where it refers to a command given to a computer. For example: Execute the command「命令を実行しなさい」(めいれいをじっこうしなさい).

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

203

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Become

Reading

Parts

戊

Example Word

構成: structure or composition. The Japanese verbal noun '構成 (こうせい)' refers to the way something is composed or structured. It is often used to describe the arrangement or organization of elements within a system, document, artwork, or group. For example: the composition of this painting is unique「この絵の構成は独特だ」(このえのこうせいはどくとくだ). The structure of the team is well-balanced「チームの構成はバランスが取れている」(チームのこうせいはバランスがとれている). Note that '構成' can also be used in contexts like writing, music, or design to describe how parts are arranged to form a whole.

Radical

戈

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

204

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Concept

Reading

Parts

心Heart 相Mutual

Example Word

連想: association. The Japanese noun '連想 (れんそう)' means 'association'. It refers to the mental connection or link between ideas, memories, or concepts. This word is often used in contexts where one thing reminds you of another, such as in psychology, creative thinking, or everyday conversation. For example: This song brings back memories「この曲は連想を呼び起こす」(このきょくはれんそうをよびおこす). The word 'red' often leads to the association of 'apple'「『赤』という言葉は『りんご』の連想を引き起こす」(『あか』ということばは『りんご』のれんそうをひきおこす). It can also be used in phrases like '連想ゲーム (れんそうゲーム)' (association game), where participants connect words based on their associations.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

206

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Love

Reading

Parts

心Heart 爪Claw 冖Crown 夂Late

Example Word

愛人: lover or mistress. The Japanese noun '愛人 (あいじん)' refers to a person with whom one is romantically or sexually involved outside of marriage. It can mean 'lover' in a general sense, but it often carries the connotation of an extramarital affair, particularly when referring to a 'mistress'. The term is neutral in tone but can imply secrecy or taboo depending on the context. For example: he has a lover「彼には愛人がいる」(かれにはあいじんがいる). She is his mistress「彼女は彼の愛人だ」(かのじょはかれのあいじんだ). Note that this word is not typically used to describe a spouse or a partner in a committed, non-secretive relationship.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

209

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Deal with

Reading

Parts

夂Late 几

Example Word

対処: handling. The Japanese noun '対処 (たいしょ)' means 'handling' or 'dealing with'. It refers to the act of managing or addressing a situation, problem, or task. This word is often used in contexts where one needs to take action to resolve or manage something. For example: proper handling of the situation is necessary「状況の適切な対処が必要です」(じょうきょうのてきせつなたいしょがひつようです). He is good at handling difficult problems「彼は難しい問題の対処が上手です」(かれはむずかしいもんだいのたいしょがじょうずです). The word can also imply a sense of strategy or method in dealing with challenges.

Radical

几

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

212

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Solve, Untie

Reading

Parts

角Corner, Angle 刀Sword 牛Cow

Example Word

解説: explanation. The Japanese verbal noun '解説 (かいせつ)' means 'explanation' or 'commentary'. It is used to describe a detailed explanation or analysis of a topic, often provided by an expert or someone knowledgeable. This term is commonly used in contexts such as news programs, sports broadcasts, or academic lectures, where a commentator or expert provides insights or explanations. For example: The professor gave a detailed explanation of the theory「教授はその理論の解説をした」(きょうじゅはそのりろんのかいせつをした). The sports commentator provided a play-by-play commentary「スポーツ解説者が実況解説をした」(スポーツかいせつしゃがじっきょうかいせつをした).

Radical

角

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

213

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Usual, Normal

Reading

Parts

尚Still, Esteem 巾Towel

Example Word

非常識: unreasonable. The Japanese adjectival noun '非常識 (ひじょうしき)' means 'unreasonable' or 'lacking common sense'. It is used to describe actions, behaviors, or ideas that are considered illogical, inappropriate, or contrary to societal norms. This term often carries a negative connotation and is used to criticize someone's behavior or judgment. For example: His behavior is unreasonable「彼の行動は非常識だ」(かれのこうどうはひじょうしきだ). It's very unreasonable to be late without notice「連絡なしに遅れるのは非常識だ」(れんらくなしにおくれるのはひじょうしきだ). The word can also be used in a more general sense to describe situations or systems that defy logic or common sense.

Radical

巾

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

214

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Barrier, Related

Reading

Parts

門Gate 关Close

Example Word

関数: function. The Japanese noun '関数 (かんすう)' means 'function'. In mathematics and programming, it refers to a relation or expression involving one or more variables. For example: this function calculates the area「この関数は面積を計算する」(このかんすうはめんせきをけいさんする). The function returns a value「関数は値を返す」(かんすうはあたいをかえす). It is commonly used in technical contexts, particularly in mathematics, computer science, and engineering.

Radical

門

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

215

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Important, Need

Reading

Parts

覀 女Woman

Example Word

要求: demand. The Japanese verbal noun '要求 (ようきゅう)' means 'demand'. It refers to a strong request or claim for something, often implying that the request is backed by authority, necessity, or urgency. This term is commonly used in formal or serious contexts, such as business negotiations, legal settings, or customer service. For example: The workers made a demand for higher wages「労働者たちは賃金の引き上げを要求した」(ろうどうしゃたちはちんぎんのひきあげをようきゅうした). The customer demanded a refund「客は返金を要求した」(きゃくはへんきんをようきゅうした). Note that '要求' can also imply a sense of entitlement or insistence, depending on the context.

Radical

西

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

220

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Report

Reading

Parts

日Day, Sun 丨Stick

Example Word

申し込み: application. The Japanese noun '申し込み (もうしこみ)' means 'application'. It refers to the act of applying for something, such as a service, event, or membership. This word is commonly used in formal or business contexts. For example: I submitted an application for the event「イベントに申し込みをした」(イベントにもうしこみをした). Please fill out the application form「申し込み用紙に記入してください」(もうしこみようしにきにゅうしてください). The term can also imply a request or proposal, depending on the context.

Radical

田

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

221

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Exceed, Error

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 咼

Example Word

過: excess. The Japanese prefix '過 (か)' conveys the idea of excess, overdoing, or surpassing a limit. It is commonly used in compound words to indicate that something is excessive or beyond what is normal or acceptable. For example: overwork「過労」(かろう), overconfidence「過信」(かしん), or excessive speed「過速度」(かそくど). This prefix is often attached to nouns or verbs to create new terms that describe an exaggerated or extreme state. For instance: He died from overwork「彼は過労で亡くなった」(かれはかろうでなくなった). Don't overestimate your abilities「自分の能力を過信しないで」(じぶんののうりょくをかしんしないで).

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

223

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Beginning, First

Reading

Parts

衤 刀Sword

Example Word

初歩: basics. The Japanese noun '初歩 (しょほ)' refers to the 'basics' or 'rudimentary knowledge' of a subject. It is often used to describe the foundational or introductory level of learning something. For example: I am learning the basics of Japanese「私は日本語の初歩を学んでいます」(わたしはにほんごのしょほをまなんでいます). This book covers the basics of programming「この本はプログラミングの初歩をカバーしています」(このほんはプログラミングのしょほをカバーしています). The term emphasizes the starting point of acquiring knowledge or skills.

Radical

刀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

226

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Fly

Reading

Parts

升Sho, Measuring box

Example Word

飛び出す: jump out. The Japanese verb '飛び出す (とびだす)' means 'to jump out' or 'to leap out'. It is used to describe the action of suddenly moving out from a place, often with a sense of urgency or surprise. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The cat jumped out of the box「猫が箱から飛び出した」(ねこがはこからとびだした). He suddenly jumped out of the car「彼は急に車から飛び出した」(かれはきゅうにくるまからとびだした). In a figurative sense, it can also mean to suddenly appear or emerge, as in 'The idea jumped out at me during the meeting'「会議中にそのアイデアが飛び出した」(かいぎちゅうにそのアイデアがとびだした).

Radical

飛

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

229

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Suffer

Reading

Parts

艹Grass 古Old

Example Word

苦労: hardship. The Japanese verbal noun '苦労 (くろう)' refers to 'hardship' or 'difficulty'. It is often used to describe the struggles, efforts, or troubles one experiences in life or work. This word carries a nuance of enduring or overcoming challenges. For example: He went through a lot of hardship「彼はたくさんの苦労をした」(かれはたくさんのくろうをした). Raising children involves a lot of hardship「子供を育てるのは苦労が多い」(こどもをそだてるのはくろうがおおい). The word can also be used in expressions like '苦労する (くろうする)', meaning 'to struggle' or 'to go through difficulties'.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

230

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Number

Reading

Parts

攵Strike 米Rice 女Woman

Example Word

無数: countless. The Japanese adjectival noun '無数 (むすう)' means 'countless' or 'innumerable'. It is used to describe something that is so numerous that it cannot be counted or is difficult to count. This term often conveys a sense of overwhelming quantity or abundance. For example: There are countless stars in the sky「空には無数の星がある」(そらにはむすうのほしがある). The museum has countless artifacts「その博物館には無数の遺物がある」(そのはくぶつかんにはむすうのいぶつがある). The word can be used in both literal and figurative contexts, emphasizing the vastness or multitude of something.

Radical

攴

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

235

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Change

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)匕Spoon

Example Word

文化財: cultural asset. The Japanese noun '文化財 (ぶんかざい)' refers to 'cultural assets' or 'cultural properties'. These are items of significant cultural, historical, or artistic value that are preserved and protected by law. Examples include historical buildings, artworks, traditional crafts, and intangible cultural heritage like performing arts. For example: This temple is a designated cultural asset「この寺は文化財に指定されています」(このてらはぶんかざいにしていされています). The government protects cultural assets「政府は文化財を保護しています」(せいふはぶんかざいをほごしています). The term emphasizes the importance of preserving cultural heritage for future generations.

Radical

匕

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

236

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Determine

Reading

Parts

宀Roof 正Correct

Example Word

定義: definition. The Japanese verbal noun '定義 (ていぎ)' means 'definition'. It refers to the precise explanation or description of the meaning, nature, or scope of something. This term is commonly used in academic, technical, and formal contexts to establish clarity or set boundaries. For example: The definition of this term is unclear「この用語の定義は不明確です」(このようごのていぎはふめいかくです). We need to define the scope of the project「プロジェクトの範囲を定義する必要があります」(プロジェクトのはんいをていぎするひつようがあります). Note that '定義' can also function as a verb when combined with 'する', as in '定義する (ていぎする)', meaning 'to define'.

Radical

宀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

237

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Accompany, Offer

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)共Together

Example Word

供える: offer. The Japanese verb '供える (そなえる)' means 'to offer' or 'to present'. It is commonly used in the context of offering something, often in a religious or ceremonial setting, such as offering food, flowers, or other items to deities, spirits, or ancestors. For example: They offered flowers to the altar「彼らは祭壇に花を供えた」(かれらはさいだんにはなをそなえた). We offered rice to the gods「私たちは神々に米を供えた」(わたしたちはかみがみにこめをそなえた). The verb carries a respectful and formal tone, often implying a sense of reverence or ritual.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

239

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Old, Aged

Reading

Parts

耂Old (老)匕Spoon

Example Word

老人: elderly. The Japanese noun '老人 (ろうじん)' refers to an elderly person or old people in general. It is a neutral term used to describe someone who is advanced in age, typically implying respect for their experience and wisdom. However, context matters, as it can sometimes carry a slightly negative connotation depending on usage. Example sentences: The elderly man is walking slowly「老人がゆっくり歩いている」(ろうじんがゆっくりあるいている). We should respect the elderly「私たちは老人を尊敬すべきだ」(わたしたちはろうじんをそんけいすべきだ).

Radical

老

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

242

Radical Form

耂

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

People, Nation

Reading

Parts

氏Family name

Example Word

民族: ethnicity. The Japanese noun '民族 (みんぞく)' refers to 'ethnicity' or 'ethnic group'. It is used to describe a group of people who share common cultural, linguistic, or ancestral traits. This term is often used in discussions about cultural identity, history, or diversity. For example: Japan is a country with a single dominant ethnicity「日本は単一民族の国です」(にほんはたんいつみんぞくのくにです). The festival celebrates the traditions of various ethnic groups「その祭りはさまざまな民族の伝統を祝います」(そのまつりはさまざまなみんぞくのでんとうをいわいます). The word can also be used in academic or political contexts to discuss ethnic relations or issues.

Radical

氏

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

243

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Be, Exist

Reading

Example Word

在庫: stock or inventory. The Japanese noun '在庫 (ざいこ)' refers to the goods or materials that a business holds in stock or inventory. It is commonly used in retail, manufacturing, and business contexts to describe the quantity of products available for sale or use. For example: The store has a lot of inventory「その店は在庫が多い」(そのみせはざいこがおおい). We need to check the stock levels「在庫を確認する必要がある」(ざいこをかくにんするひつようがある). The term can also be used metaphorically to describe the availability of non-physical items, such as ideas or resources.

Radical

土

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

245

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Record

Reading

Parts

己Oneself 言Say

Example Word

記す: record. The Japanese verb '記す (しるす)' means 'to record' or 'to write down'. It is used to describe the act of documenting or noting something in writing, often for the purpose of preserving information. This verb is commonly used in formal or literary contexts. For example: He recorded the event in his diary「彼はその出来事を日記に記した」(かれはそのできごとをにっきにしるした). The scientist noted the results of the experiment「科学者は実験の結果を記した」(かがくしゃはじっけんのけっかをしるした). The verb can also imply a sense of importance or permanence in the act of recording.

Radical

言

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

246

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Deep

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)罙Deep

Example Word

深める: deepen. The Japanese verb '深める (ふかめる)' means 'to deepen'. It is used to describe the act of making something deeper, whether it be a physical depth, a relationship, knowledge, or understanding. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as deepening a friendship, deepening one's knowledge on a subject, or even deepening a hole. For example: I want to deepen my understanding of Japanese culture「日本の文化への理解を深めたい」(にほんのぶんかへのりかいをふかめたい). They are working to deepen their relationship「彼らは関係を深めようとしている」(かれらはかんけいをふかめようとしている). The verb is often used in both literal and metaphorical senses, making it versatile in conversation.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

248

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Grass

Reading

Parts

早Early, Fast 艹Grass

Example Word

草木: plants. The Japanese noun '草木 (くさき)' refers to 'plants' in general, including both grasses and trees. It is often used to describe vegetation or greenery in a natural setting. For example: The plants are growing「草木が生えている」(くさきがはえている). The garden is full of plants「庭には草木がいっぱいだ」(にわにはくさきがいっぱいだ). This word is commonly used in contexts related to nature, gardening, or the environment.

Radical

艸

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

250

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Surface, Express

Reading

Parts

𧘇Garment (衣)龶Life (生)

Example Word

言い表わす: express. The Japanese verb '言い表わす (いいあらわす)' means 'to express' or 'to put into words'. It is used when someone wants to convey their thoughts, feelings, or ideas clearly and explicitly. This verb is often used in formal or literary contexts. For example: It's hard to express my gratitude「感謝の気持ちを言い表わすのは難しい」(かんしゃのきもちをいいあらわすのはむずかしい). He expressed his opinion clearly「彼は自分の意見をはっきりと言い表わした」(かれはじぶんのいけんをはっきりといいあらわした). Note that this verb emphasizes the act of articulating something clearly and precisely.

Radical

衣

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

251

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Attach

Reading

Parts

亻Person (人)寸Measurement

Example Word

付き合う: accompany or date. The Japanese verb '付き合う (つきあう)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to accompany' or 'to go along with someone', often used when someone joins another person in an activity or event. For example: I will accompany you to the station「駅まで付き合います」(えきまでつきあいます). The second meaning is 'to date' or 'to be in a romantic relationship'. For example: They have been dating for two years「彼らは2年間付き合っています」(かれらはにねんかんつきあっています). The verb can also imply spending time together in a social or supportive context, such as helping someone with a task. For example: I will help you with your work「仕事に付き合います」(しごとにつきあいます).

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

252

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Decide

Reading

Parts

氵Water (水)夬Decide

Example Word

決定: decision. The Japanese verbal noun '決定 (けってい)' means 'decision'. It refers to the act of making a choice or reaching a conclusion after consideration. This term is often used in formal or official contexts, such as in business, legal matters, or organizational settings. For example: The decision has been made「決定がなされた」(けっていがなされた). We need to make a decision soon「早く決定を下す必要がある」(はやくけっていをくだすひつようがある). The word can also be used as a verb in its stem form, such as '決定する (けっていする)', which means 'to decide'.

Radical

水

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

253

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Invite, Call

Reading

Parts

口Mouth 乎

Example Word

呼び出す: call or summon. The Japanese verb '呼び出す (よびだす)' can mean 'summon' or 'call'. It is used when someone is called out or summoned, often in a formal or urgent context. For example: The teacher summoned the student「先生は生徒を呼び出した」(せんせいはせいとをよびだした). The police called the witness to the station「警察は証人を警察署に呼び出した」(けいさつはしょうにんをけいさつしょによびだした). This verb can also be used in technical contexts, such as calling a function in programming or summoning a character in a game.

Radical

口

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

256

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Far

Reading

Parts

⻌Walk 吉Lucky, Good luck 衣Clothes

Example Word

永遠: eternity. The Japanese adjectival noun '永遠 (えいえん)' means 'eternity' or 'perpetual'. It is used to describe something that lasts forever, without end. This word is often used in poetic or philosophical contexts to express timelessness or unending continuity. For example: Their love is eternal「彼らの愛は永遠だ」(かれらのあいはえいえんだ). The beauty of nature is eternal「自然の美しさは永遠だ」(しぜんのうつくしさはえいえんだ). It can also be used to describe abstract concepts like time, life, or emotions that are perceived as infinite.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

257

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Hit

Reading

Parts

扌Hand (手)丁Street

Example Word

打ち消し: negation. The Japanese noun '打ち消し (うちけし)' refers to the act of negating or denying something. It is often used in contexts where one is refuting a statement, idea, or claim. For example: His statement was a clear negation of the rumor「彼の発言はうわさの打ち消しだった」(かれのはつげんはうわさのうちけしだった). The negation of the theory came as a surprise「その理論の打ち消しは驚きだった」(そのりろんのうちけしはおどろきだった). This term is commonly used in both formal and informal settings to express contradiction or denial.

Radical

手

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

260

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Profit, Advantage

Reading

Parts

禾Cereal 刂Sword (刀)

Example Word

権利: right. The Japanese noun '権利 (けんり)' refers to a 'right', particularly in the context of legal or moral entitlements. It is commonly used in discussions about human rights, legal rights, or ownership rights. For example: Everyone has the right to freedom of speech「誰もが言論の自由の権利を持っている」(だれもがげんろんのじゆうのけんりをもっている). She exercised her right to vote「彼女は投票する権利を行使した」(かのじょはとうひょうするけんりをこうしした). This word is often used in formal or legal contexts and carries a strong sense of entitlement or privilege.

Radical

刀

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

262

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Inevitable, Certain

Reading

Parts

心Heart 丿Katakana no

Example Word

必ずしも: not always. The Japanese adverb '必ずしも (かならずしも)' is used to express that something is not necessarily or always the case. It is often used in negative sentences to indicate that a general statement does not apply universally. For example: rich people are not always happy「お金持ちは必ずしも幸せではない」(おかねもちはかならずしもしあわせではない). Success does not always mean happiness「成功は必ずしも幸せを意味しない」(せいこうはかならずしもしあわせをいみしない). This adverb is commonly paired with negative forms like 'ない' or 'とは限らない (とはかぎらない)' to emphasize that a situation is not absolute.

Radical

心

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

264

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Kill

Reading

Parts

殳Pike 木Tree, Wood

Example Word

殺人: murder. The Japanese noun '殺人 (さつじん)' means 'murder'. It refers to the act of intentionally killing another person. This word is often used in legal, criminal, or dramatic contexts. For example: The detective solved the murder「探偵は殺人を解決した」(たんていはさつじんをかいけつした). The movie is about a series of murders「その映画は連続殺人についてです」(そのえいがはれんぞくさつじんについてです). Note that '殺人' is a formal term and is not used in casual conversation.

Radical

殳

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

265

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Machine, Opportunity

Reading

Parts

木Tree, Wood 幾Some, How many

Example Word

不機嫌: displeased. The Japanese adjectival noun '不機嫌 (ふきげん)' means 'displeased' or 'in a bad mood'. It is used to describe someone who is visibly unhappy, irritated, or sulking. This word often conveys a sense of emotional discomfort or dissatisfaction. For example: He seems displeased「彼は不機嫌そうだ」(かれはふきげんそうだ). She was in a bad mood all day「彼女は一日中不機嫌だった」(かのじょはいちにちじゅうふきげんだった). The term can also be used to describe a situation or atmosphere that feels tense or unpleasant due to someone's mood.

Radical

木

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

269

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Remember, Awake

Reading

Parts

見See

Example Word

知覚: perception. The Japanese noun '知覚 (ちかく)' refers to 'perception', the process of recognizing and interpreting sensory information. It is often used in contexts related to psychology, philosophy, or everyday experiences involving the senses. For example: His perception of colors is unique「彼の色の知覚は独特だ」(かれのいろのちかくはどくとくだ). The study focuses on visual perception「その研究は視覚の知覚に焦点を当てている」(そのけんきゅうはしかくのちかくにしょうてんをあてている). This word can also imply awareness or consciousness in certain contexts, such as in '知覚の欠如 (ちかくのけつじょ) (lack of perception)'.

Radical

見

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

270

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Excess

Reading

Parts

亼 朩

Example Word

余分: extra. The Japanese adjectival noun '余分 (よぶん)' means 'extra' or 'surplus'. It is used to describe something that is in addition to what is necessary or expected. This word can be used in various contexts, such as referring to extra time, extra money, or extra ingredients. For example: I have extra time「余分な時間がある」(よぶんなじかんがある). Please take the extra money「余分なお金を持って行ってください」(よぶんなおかねをもっていってください). It's important to note that '余分' often carries a neutral or slightly negative connotation, implying that the extra amount might be unnecessary or excessive.

Radical

人

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

273

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Investigate, Tune

Reading

Parts

言Say 周Circumference

Example Word

調子: condition. The Japanese noun '調子 (ちょうし)' primarily means 'condition' or 'state'. It is often used to describe the physical or mental condition of a person, the state of a machine, or the progress of a situation. For example: His condition is good「彼の調子はいい」(かれのちょうしはいい). The machine's condition is bad「機械の調子が悪い」(きかいのちょうしがわるい). Additionally, '調子' can also refer to the tone or rhythm in music, but this usage is less common in everyday conversation. For example: The rhythm of the song is fast「その曲の調子が速い」(そのきょくのちょうしがはやい).

Radical

言

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

274

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Reason

Reading

Parts

十Ten 口Mouth

Example Word

経由: via. The Japanese verbal noun '経由 (けいゆ)' means 'via' or 'by way of'. It is used to indicate the route or means through which something is done or achieved. This term is commonly used in contexts involving travel, communication, or processes. For example: I will go to Osaka via Kyoto「京都経由で大阪に行きます」(きょうとけいゆでおおさかにいきます). The package was sent via airmail「その小包は航空便経由で送られました」(そのこづつみはこうくうびんけいゆでおくられました). It can also be used metaphorically to describe indirect methods or channels.

Radical

田

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

278

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Take along

Reading

Parts

辶Walk 車Car

Example Word

連続: continuation. The Japanese verbal noun '連続 (れんぞく)' means 'continuation' or 'succession'. It refers to a series of events or actions that occur one after another without interruption. This term is often used in contexts where there is a sequence or chain of occurrences, such as in television series, events, or natural phenomena. For example: The TV drama has a continuous broadcast「そのテレビドラマは連続放送です」(そのテレビドラマはれんぞくほうそうです). There was a continuous series of earthquakes「連続して地震が起こりました」(れんぞくしてじしんがおこりました). It can also be used to describe a continuous state or condition, emphasizing the unbroken nature of the sequence.

Radical

辵

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

279

Handwriting

kanji

Meaning

Kind, Variety

Reading

Parts

禾Cereal 重Heavy

Example Word

品種: breed or variety. The Japanese noun '品種 (ひんしゅ)' refers to a 'breed' or 'variety', particularly in the context of plants, animals, or agricultural products. It is commonly used to describe different types or classifications within a species. For example: this is a new breed of roses「これは新しい品種のバラです」(これはあたらしいひんしゅのバラです). We grow several varieties of apples「私たちはいくつかの品種のリンゴを育てています」(わたしたちはいくつかのひんしゅのリンゴをそだてています). The term is often used in scientific, agricultural, or horticultural contexts to specify distinct types within a category.

Radical

禾

Stroke Count

JLPT

Grade

Frequency

280

Handwriting