Japanese VocabularyOrganized by Composition

word

Meaning

Emerge

Reading

Kanji

出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '出でる (いでる)' means 'to emerge' or 'to appear'. It is an archaic or literary verb, often used in classical Japanese or poetic contexts. It describes something coming into view or becoming visible. For example: The sun emerged from behind the clouds「雲の間から太陽が出でる」(くものあいからたいようがいでる). This verb is less commonly used in modern conversational Japanese, where '出る (でる)' is more frequently used. However, '出でる' carries a more elegant or refined nuance, making it suitable for artistic or formal writing.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3771

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hard

Reading

Kanji

硬Hard, Stiff

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '硬い (かたい)' means 'hard'. It describes something that is physically firm, rigid, or difficult to bend or break. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something strict, inflexible, or tense, such as a person's attitude or a situation. For example: this bread is hard「このパンは硬い」(このパンはかたい). His expression was hard「彼の表情は硬かった」(かれのひょうじょうはかたかった). When used metaphorically, it often conveys a sense of stiffness or lack of flexibility, as in '硬い態度 (かたいたいど) (stiff attitude)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3776

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Significant, Remarkable

Reading

Kanji

著Renowned, Author

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '著しい (いちじるしい)' primarily means 'remarkable' or 'significant'. It is used to describe something that stands out due to its noticeable or striking nature, often in terms of change, difference, or impact. This adjective can be applied to both positive and negative contexts, depending on the situation. For example: There has been a remarkable improvement in his health「彼の健康状態は著しく改善した」(かれのけんこうじょうたいはいちじるしくかいぜんした). The damage caused by the earthquake was significant「地震による被害は著しかった」(じしんによるひがいはいちじるしかった). Note that '著しい' often conveys a sense of something being clearly evident or easily observable.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3782

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Complete

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 来Come 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '出来上がる (できあがる)' means 'to be completed' or 'to be finished'. It is often used to describe the completion of a task, project, or creation. This verb implies that something has reached its final state and is ready for use or presentation. For example: the cake is complete「ケーキが出来上がった」(ケーキができあがった). The painting is finished「絵が出来上がった」(えができあがった). It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as when describing the completion of a plan or idea. Note that this verb is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3784

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Burn

Reading

Kanji

燃Burn

Explanation

The Japanese verb '燃える (もえる)' means 'to burn'. It is used to describe the process of combustion, where something is consumed by fire. This verb can be used for both literal and metaphorical contexts. For example: the wood is burning「木が燃えている」(きがもえている). His passion for music burns brightly「彼の音楽への情熱が燃えている」(かれのおんがくへのじょうねつがもえている). Additionally, '燃える' can be used to describe intense emotions or desires, such as a burning ambition or a burning love.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3785

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Jump into

Reading

Kanji

飛Fly 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '飛び込む (とびこむ)' means 'to jump into' or 'to dive into'. It is used to describe the action of leaping or plunging into something, such as water, a situation, or a new activity. This verb can be used both literally and figuratively. For example: He jumped into the pool「彼はプールに飛び込んだ」(かれはプールにとびこんだ). She decided to dive into the new project「彼女は新しいプロジェクトに飛び込むことにした」(かのじょはあたらしいプロジェクトにとびこむことにした). The verb can also imply a sense of urgency or spontaneity, as in jumping into action without hesitation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3793

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calmness

Reading

Kanji

落Fall 着Arrive, Wear

Explanation

The Japanese noun '落ち着き (おちつき)' refers to a state of calmness, composure, or tranquility. It is often used to describe a person's demeanor, a situation, or an environment that is peaceful and free from disturbance. For example: She has a calm demeanor「彼女は落ち着きがある」(かのじょはおちつきがある). The room has a calming atmosphere「その部屋は落ち着きがある」(そのへやはおちつきがある). This word can also imply stability or a settled state, such as in: The situation has calmed down「状況が落ち着きを取り戻した」(じょうきょうがおちつきをとりもどした).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3794

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lost item

Reading

Kanji

落Fall 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '落とし物 (おとしもの)' refers to an item that has been lost or left behind by someone. It is commonly used in public spaces like trains, buses, or parks, where people might accidentally leave their belongings. For example: I found a lost item「落とし物を見つけました」(おとしものをみつけました). Please take your lost item to the lost and found「落とし物を遺失物係に届けてください」(おとしものをいしつぶつがかりにとどけてください). The term emphasizes the accidental nature of losing something and is often used in announcements or notices to help reunite lost items with their owners.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3797

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Squeeze, Wring

Reading

Kanji

絞Wring, Strangle

Explanation

The Japanese verb '絞る (しぼる)' primarily means 'to squeeze' or 'to wring'. It is used when applying pressure to extract liquid or to tighten something. For example, squeezing juice from a fruit: I squeezed the juice from the orange「オレンジのジュースを絞った」(オレンジのジュースをしぼった). Wringing out a wet towel: She wrung out the wet towel「彼女は濡れたタオルを絞った」(かのじょはぬれたタオルをしぼった). Additionally, '絞る' can be used metaphorically to describe exerting effort or focusing intensely, such as in concentrating one's mind: He concentrated his mind on the problem「彼はその問題に頭を絞った」(かれはそのもんだいにあたまをしぼった).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3803

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Remove

Reading

Kanji

脱Remove, Undress

Explanation

The Japanese verb '脱ぐ (ぬぐ)' means 'to remove' and is specifically used for taking off clothes, shoes, or accessories. It is commonly used in daily conversations when referring to undressing or removing something worn on the body. For example: I took off my shoes「靴を脱いだ」(くつをぬいだ). Please remove your hat「帽子を脱いでください」(ぼうしをぬいでください). This verb is often used in polite or formal contexts, such as when entering a Japanese home or a traditional tatami room, where it is customary to remove shoes.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3806

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Encounter

Reading

Kanji

出Exit 会Meet

Explanation

The Japanese noun '出会い (であい)' refers to a meeting or encounter, often implying a chance or significant meeting between people. It can be used in various contexts, such as meeting someone for the first time, a romantic encounter, or even a meaningful interaction. For example: I had a fateful encounter「運命的な出会いがあった」(うんめいてきなであいがあった). This park is a place of many encounters「この公園は多くの出会いの場所です」(このこうえんはおおくのであいのばしょです). The word carries a nuance of something meaningful or serendipitous, rather than just a casual meeting.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3809

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Washing

Reading

Kanji

洗Wash 物Thing

Explanation

The Japanese noun '洗い物 (あらいもの)' refers to items that need to be washed or are being washed, such as dishes, laundry, or other washable objects. It is commonly used in household contexts. For example: I will do the washing「洗い物をします」(あらいものをします). The washing is piling up「洗い物がたまっている」(あらいものがたまっている). This word is often used in daily conversations about chores or cleaning tasks.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3817

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Grow

Reading

Kanji

生Life

Explanation

The Japanese verb '生える (はえる)' means 'to grow' and is specifically used to describe the growth of plants, hair, or other natural elements. It implies something sprouting or emerging naturally. For example: Grass grows in the garden「庭に草が生える」(にわにくさがはえる). My beard is growing「ひげが生えてきた」(ひげがはえてきた). This verb is often used in contexts related to natural processes, such as plants growing or hair sprouting. It is not typically used for artificial or man-made growth.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3820

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Separate

Reading

Kanji

離Detach, Separate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '離す (はなす)' means 'to separate' or 'to detach'. It is used when describing the action of moving something away from another thing, creating distance or disconnection. This verb can be used in both physical and abstract contexts. For example: please separate the papers「紙を離してください」(かみをはなしてください). He detached himself from the group「彼はグループから離した」(かれはグループからはなした). Note that '離す' often implies an intentional action of separation, distinguishing it from similar verbs like '離れる (はなれる)', which means 'to be separated' or 'to leave'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3821

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sink

Reading

Kanji

沈Sink

Explanation

The Japanese verb '沈める (しずめる)' means 'to sink' something, typically referring to causing an object to submerge or go underwater. It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object (e.g., sinking a ship). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe causing someone or something to fall into a state of despair or ruin. Example sentences: He sank the boat「彼は船を沈めた」(かれはふねをしずめた). The bad news sank her spirits「悪い知らせは彼女の気持ちを沈めた」(わるいしらせはかのじょのきもちをしずめた). Note that '沈める' is distinct from '沈む (しずむ)', which is intransitive and means 'to sink' on its own.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3827

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Return

Reading

Kanji

返Return

Explanation

The Japanese verb '返る (かえる)' means 'to return' or 'to go back'. It is often used to describe the act of returning to a place, state, or condition. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as returning home, returning to a previous state, or even returning an item. For example: I will return home「家に返る」(いえにかえる). The book returned to the library「本が図書館に返った」(ほんがとしょかんにかえった). It's important to note that '返る' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. Instead, it often pairs with particles like 'に' to indicate the destination or target of the return.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3830

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cool

Reading

Kanji

冷Cold

Explanation

The Japanese verb '冷ます (さます)' means 'to cool'. This verb is used when referring to the action of reducing the temperature of something, typically food or drinks, to make it suitable for consumption or handling. It can also be used metaphorically to describe cooling down emotions or situations. For example: I cooled the tea「お茶を冷ました」(おちゃをさました). She cooled her anger「彼女は怒りを冷ました」(かのじょはおこりをさました). Note that '冷ます' is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being cooled.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3836

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Suspicious

Reading

Kanji

怪Weird, Suspicious

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '怪しい (あやしい)' primarily means 'suspicious'. It is used to describe something or someone that seems dubious, questionable, or not entirely trustworthy. This can apply to situations, objects, or people. For example: That person looks suspicious「あの人は怪しい」(あのひとはあやしい). The story sounds suspicious「その話は怪しい」(そのはなしはあやしい). Additionally, '怪しい' can sometimes imply a sense of mystery or the supernatural, as in: The old house looks eerie「その古い家は怪しい」(そのふるいいえはあやしい). The nuance of the word can vary depending on context, but it generally conveys a sense of doubt or unease.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3840

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pleasant

Reading

Kanji

快Pleasant

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '快い (こころよい)' means 'pleasant'. It is used to describe something that is agreeable, enjoyable, or soothing to the mind or senses. This word often conveys a sense of comfort or satisfaction. For example: The breeze feels pleasant「風が快い」(かぜがこころよい). His words were pleasant to hear「彼の言葉は快かった」(かれのことばはこころよかった). It can also be used in more abstract contexts, such as describing a pleasant feeling or atmosphere. Note that this word is more formal and less commonly used in everyday conversation compared to simpler adjectives like '楽しい (たのしい)' (fun) or '気持ちいい (きもちいい)' (feels good).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3846

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Damp

Reading

Kanji

湿Damp, Moist

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '湿っぽい (しめっぽい)' means 'damp'. This adjective is used to describe something that is slightly wet or moist, often in a way that feels uncomfortable or unpleasant. It can be used to describe physical objects, environments, or even metaphorical situations. For example: the towel feels damp「タオルが湿っぽい」(タオルがしめっぽい). The atmosphere in the room is damp「部屋の雰囲気が湿っぽい」(へやのふんいきがしめっぽい). This word can also be used metaphorically to describe something that feels emotionally heavy or melancholic, such as a damp mood「湿っぽい気分」(しめっぽいきぶん).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3852

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bring in

Reading

Kanji

持Hold 込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '持ち込む (もちこむ)' means 'to bring in' or 'to carry in.' It is used when someone brings something into a specific place or context. This verb can be used in both literal contexts, such as bringing an object into a room, or figurative contexts, such as introducing an idea or issue into a conversation. For example: He brought his own food into the restaurant 「彼は自分の食べ物を持ち込んだ」 (かれはじぶんのたべものをもちこんだ). The lawyer introduced new evidence into the case 「弁護士は新しい証拠を持ち込んだ」 (べんごしはあたらしいしょうこをもちこんだ). Note that this verb is often used in situations where the act of bringing in something may have an impact on the surrounding environment or situation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3881

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Worry

Reading

Kanji

悩Worry, Distress

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悩み (なやみ)' means 'worry' or 'concern'. It refers to a state of mental distress or anxiety caused by problems or difficulties. This word is often used to describe personal struggles, such as emotional or psychological burdens. For example: I have many worries「私には悩みが多い」(わたしにはなやみがおおい). His worry is about his future「彼の悩みは将来のことだ」(かれのなやみはしょうらいのことだ). The word can also be used in a broader sense to describe societal or collective concerns, such as 'environmental worries' (環境の悩み, かんきょうのなやみ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3887

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Incorporate, Adopt

Reading

Kanji

取Take 入Enter

Explanation

The Japanese verb '取り入れる (とりいれる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to adopt', often used when referring to adopting ideas, methods, or systems. The second is 'to incorporate', which can refer to physically bringing something in or integrating something into a system. For example: The company adopted new technology「その会社は新しい技術を取り入れた」(そのかいしゃはあたらしいぎじゅつをとりいれた). She incorporated fresh ingredients into her cooking「彼女は新鮮な食材を料理に取り入れた」(かのじょはしんせんなしょくざいをりょうりにとりいれた). This verb is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to describe the process of integrating or adopting something new.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3893

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Crowded

Reading

Kanji

込Put in, Crowded

Explanation

The Japanese verb '込む (こむ)' primarily means 'to be crowded' or 'to be packed'. It is used to describe places or situations where there is a large number of people or things in a confined space, making it feel full or congested. For example: The train is crowded「電車が込んでいる」(でんしゃがこんでいる). The park is crowded on weekends「週末は公園が込んでいる」(しゅうまつはこうえんがこんでいる). Additionally, '込む' can also be used in compound verbs to indicate that something is done thoroughly or deeply, such as in '考え込む (かんがえこむ)' which means 'to think deeply'. However, the primary and most common usage of '込む' is to describe crowdedness.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3898

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Noisy, Annoying

Reading

Kanji

煩Vexed, Anxiety

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '煩い (うるさい)' can mean both 'noisy' and 'annoying'. It is commonly used to describe loud sounds or situations that are bothersome or irritating. For example: The construction noise is annoying「工事の音が煩い」(こうじのおとがうるさい). My little brother is being noisy「弟が煩い」(おとうとがうるさい). This word can also be used to describe someone who is overly critical or nagging, as in 'My mom is always nagging me「母がうるさい」(ははがうるさい)'. The nuance of the word depends on the context, but it generally conveys a sense of irritation or disturbance.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3902

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Bend

Reading

Kanji

曲Music, Bend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '曲がる (まがる)' means 'to bend' or 'to curve'. It is used to describe something that changes direction or shape, such as a road, a line, or an object. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe a change in behavior or attitude. For example: The road bends to the right「道が右に曲がる」(みちがみぎにまがる). The metal rod bent under the weight「金属の棒が重みで曲がった」(きんぞくのぼうがおもみでまがった). He never bends the rules「彼は決してルールを曲げない」(かれはけっしてルールをまげない). Note that '曲がる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object, while its transitive counterpart '曲げる (まげる)' means 'to bend something'.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3910

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pray

Reading

Kanji

祈Pray

Explanation

The Japanese verb '祈る (いのる)' means 'to pray'. It is used when someone is making a wish or request to a higher power, such as a deity or the universe, often for the well-being of oneself or others. It can also be used in a more general sense to express a strong hope or desire for something to happen. For example: I pray for your happiness「あなたの幸せを祈ります」(あなたのしあわせをいのります). She prayed for good weather「彼女は良い天気を祈った」(かのじょはよいてんきをいのった). The verb can be used in both formal and informal contexts, and it often carries a sense of earnestness or sincerity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3914

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Child rearing

Reading

Kanji

子Child 育Raise, Grow

Explanation

The Japanese noun '子育て (こそだて)' refers to the act of raising or bringing up children. It encompasses all aspects of parenting, including physical, emotional, and educational care. This term is often used in discussions about family life, parenting challenges, and societal support for families. For example: Child rearing is a rewarding experience「子育てはやりがいのある経験です」(こそだてはやりがいのあるけいけんです). She is dedicated to child rearing「彼女は子育てに専念しています」(かのじょはこそだてにせんねんしています). The government provides support for child rearing「政府は子育て支援を提供しています」(せいふはこそだてしえんをていきょうしています).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3923

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Throw

Reading

Kanji

投Throw

Explanation

The Japanese verb '投げる (なげる)' means 'to throw'. It is used to describe the action of propelling something through the air with force, typically using the hands. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as throwing a ball, discarding something, or even metaphorically, like giving up on something. For example: he throws the ball「彼はボールを投げる」(かれはボールをなげる). I threw away the old magazine「古い雑誌を投げた」(ふるいざっしをなげた). In a more abstract sense, it can also mean to abandon or give up, as in 'he gave up on the project'「彼はプロジェクトを投げた」(かれはプロジェクトをなげた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3932

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Earn

Reading

Kanji

稼Work, Earnings

Explanation

The Japanese verb '稼ぐ (かせぐ)' primarily means 'to earn' or 'to make money'. It is commonly used in contexts related to work, labor, or any activity that generates income. For example: He earns a lot of money「彼はたくさん稼ぐ」(かれはたくさんかせぐ). I need to earn more to support my family「家族を養うためにもっと稼ぐ必要がある」(かぞくをやしなうためにもっとかせぐひつようがある). Additionally, '稼ぐ' can also imply working hard or putting in effort to achieve something, not just financially. For instance: She worked hard to earn her promotion「彼女は昇進を稼ぐために一生懸命働いた」(かのじょはしょうしんをかせぐためにいっしょうけんめいはたらいた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3939

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Sadness

Reading

Kanji

悲Sad

Explanation

The Japanese noun '悲しみ (かなしみ)' means 'sadness'. It refers to the emotional state of feeling sorrow or grief. This word is often used to describe deep emotional pain or melancholy. For example: I feel sadness「悲しみを感じる」(かなしみをかんじる). Her sadness was evident「彼女の悲しみは明らかだった」(かのじょのかなしみはあきらかだった). The word can also be used in poetic or literary contexts to evoke a sense of profound emotional depth.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3942

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Targeted

Reading

Kanji

向Facing, Yonder

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '向け (むけ)' is used to indicate that something is targeted or intended for a specific group, audience, or purpose. It is often attached to nouns to specify the intended recipient or focus of an item, service, or content. For example: a book for children「子供向けの本」(こどもむけのほん). This product is aimed at beginners「この製品は初心者向けです」(このせいひんはしょしんしゃむけです). The suffix can also imply suitability or appropriateness for the target group. It is commonly used in marketing, product descriptions, and media to clarify the intended audience.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3944

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Impose

Reading

Kanji

押Push, Press down 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '押し付ける (おしつける)' means 'to impose' or 'to force something onto someone'. It is often used when someone is making another person accept or deal with something they may not want, such as responsibilities, opinions, or tasks. This verb carries a nuance of pressure or coercion. For example: He imposed his opinion on me「彼は意見を私に押し付けた」(かれはけんをわたしにおしつけた). Don't force your work onto others「仕事を他人に押し付けないで」(しごとをたにんにおしつけないで). The verb can also imply a physical action of pressing or pushing something onto someone or something, though this usage is less common.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3950

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Awkward, Unappetizing

Reading

Kanji

不Not 味Flavor

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '不味い (まずい)' has two distinct meanings. The first and most common meaning is 'unappetizing' or 'bad-tasting', used to describe food or drink that does not taste good. For example: this soup is unappetizing「このスープはまずい」(このスープはまずい). The second meaning is 'awkward' or 'troublesome', often used to describe a situation that is difficult or uncomfortable. For example: this situation is awkward「この状況はまずい」(このじょうきょうはまずい). Note that the second meaning is more colloquial and context-dependent.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3954

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exchange

Reading

Kanji

遣Use, Dispatch 取Take

Explanation

The Japanese noun '遣り取り (やりとり)' refers to an exchange or interaction, often involving communication, goods, or actions between two or more parties. It is commonly used to describe the back-and-forth nature of conversations, transactions, or even physical exchanges. For example: We had a lively exchange of ideas「活発な意見の遣り取りがあった」(かっぱつないけんのやりとりがあった). The exchange of gifts was heartfelt「贈り物の遣り取りは心温まるものだった」(おくりもののやりとりはこころあたたまるものだった). This word emphasizes the mutual and reciprocal nature of the interaction.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3955

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Peel

Reading

Kanji

剥Peel off

Explanation

The Japanese verb '剥く (むく)' means 'to peel'. It is commonly used when referring to removing the outer layer or skin of something, such as fruits, vegetables, or even objects. For example: I peeled the apple「リンゴを剥いた」(りんごをむいた). He peeled the potato「彼はジャガイモを剥いた」(かれはじゃがいもをむいた). This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe stripping away layers of something abstract, such as emotions or concepts. However, the primary and most common usage is in the context of physically peeling something.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3964

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Astringent, Subdued

Reading

Kanji

渋Astringent, Not going smoothly

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '渋い (しぶい)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'astringent', referring to a taste or sensation that is dry, bitter, or puckering, often used to describe foods like unripe persimmons or strong tea. For example: This persimmon is astringent「この柿は渋い」(このかきはしぶい). The second meaning is 'subdued', describing something that is understated, refined, or muted in appearance, taste, or style. This can refer to colors, designs, or even personalities. For example: His taste in fashion is subdued「彼のファッションセンスは渋い」(かれのファッションセンスはしぶい). The word can also imply a sense of sophistication or maturity, often used to describe someone who is reserved but has depth. For example: His humor is subtle and subdued「彼のユーモアは渋い」(かれのユーモアはしぶい).

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3966

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Relation

Reading

Kanji

関Barrier, Related

Explanation

The Japanese noun '関わり (かかわり)' means 'relation' or 'involvement'. It refers to a connection or association between people, things, or events. This word is often used to describe how one thing affects or is connected to another. For example: the relation between diet and health「食事と健康の関わり」(しょくじとけんこうのかかわり). His involvement in the project was significant「彼のプロジェクトへの関わりは大きかった」(かれのプロジェクトへのかかわりはおおきかった). The nuance of this word often implies a deeper or more meaningful connection rather than a superficial one.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3969

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Collapse, Crumble

Reading

Kanji

崩Collapse, Crumble

Explanation

The Japanese verb '崩れる (くずれる)' primarily means 'collapse' or 'crumble'. It is used to describe something physically falling apart or breaking down, such as a building, structure, or even a pile of objects. It can also be used metaphorically to describe plans, systems, or emotional states breaking down. For example: The old wall collapsed「古い壁が崩れた」(ふるいかべがくずれた). The plan fell apart due to lack of support「計画は支持不足で崩れた」(けいかくはしじぶそくでくずれた). Note that this verb often implies a sudden or gradual breakdown, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3985

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Retreat, Backtrack

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 戻Return

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '後戻り (あともどり)' refers to the act of going back, retreating, or backtracking, either physically or metaphorically. It can describe returning to a previous location, reverting to an earlier state, or reconsidering a decision. For example: There's no retreat now「今は後戻りできない」(いまはあともどりできない). He backtracked on his decision「彼は決断を後戻りした」(かれはけつだんをあともどりした). This word is often used in contexts where progress is halted or reversed, emphasizing the inability or reluctance to move forward.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3987

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Getup

Reading

Kanji

起Wake up 上Up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '起き上がる (おきあがる)' means 'to get up' or 'to rise up'. This verb is typically used to describe the action of moving from a lying or sitting position to a standing position. It can also be used metaphorically to describe recovering from a setback or difficult situation. For example: He got up from the floor「彼は床から起き上がった」(かれはゆかからおきあがった). After the accident, she managed to get up and walk「事故の後、彼女は起き上がって歩くことができた」(じこのあと、かのじょはおきあがってあるくことができた). The verb is often used in contexts involving physical movement or recovery.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3988

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Middle

Reading

Kanji

真Truth 中Center

Explanation

The Japanese noun '真ん中 (まんなか)' means 'middle'. It refers to the central part or point of something, whether it's a physical space, an object, or even a concept. This word is commonly used in everyday conversation to describe the center of an area or the midpoint of a situation. For example: the cat is in the middle of the room「猫は部屋の真ん中にいる」(ねこはへやのまんなかにいる). The answer is in the middle of the book「答えは本の真ん中にある」(こたえはほんのまんなかにある). It can also be used metaphorically, such as in 'the middle of a discussion'「議論の真ん中」(ぎろんのまんなか).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3992

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Calm

Reading

Kanji

静Quiet

Explanation

The Japanese verb '静まる (しずまる)' means 'to calm down' or 'to become quiet'. It is used to describe a situation, place, or person becoming calm or quiet after a period of noise, activity, or disturbance. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as describing the calming of a storm, the quieting of a crowd, or the settling of emotions. For example: The storm has calmed down「嵐が静まった」(あらしがしずまった). The room became quiet after the teacher entered「先生が入ってきて、部屋が静まった」(せんせいがはいってきて、へやがしずまった). It is important to note that '静まる' often implies a natural or gradual process of becoming calm or quiet.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

3993

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Arise, Gush

Reading

Kanji

湧Well, Boil

Explanation

The Japanese verb '湧く (わく)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to gush' or 'to well up', often used to describe liquids like water or oil emerging from the ground. For example: hot water gushes from the spring「温泉からお湯が湧く」(おんせんからおゆがわく). The second meaning is 'to arise' or 'to emerge', used to describe emotions, thoughts, or situations coming into existence. For example: doubts arose in my mind「疑問が心に湧く」(ぎもんがこころにわく). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4004

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Inside out

Reading

Kanji

裏Inside, Rear 返Return

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '裏返し (うらがえし)' means 'inside out' or 'reversed'. It is used to describe something that is turned inside out or flipped, often referring to clothing or objects. It can also metaphorically describe a situation or meaning that is the opposite of what is expected. For example: She wore her shirt inside out「彼女はシャツを裏返しに着ていた」(かのじょはシャツをうらがえしにきていた). The meaning of his words was the opposite of what he said「彼の言葉は裏返しの意味だった」(かれのことばはうらがえしのいみだった). This term is commonly used in everyday conversation and can be applied to both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4006

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Lonely

Reading

Kanji

心Heart 細Slender

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '心細い (こころぼそい)' conveys a sense of loneliness, unease, or feeling insecure, often due to being alone or lacking support. It is used to describe emotional states where one feels vulnerable or uncertain. For example: I felt lonely in the big city「大きな街で心細かった」(おおきなまちでこころぼそかった). She felt uneasy without her friends「友達がいなくて心細い」(ともだちがいなくてこころぼそい). This word is often used in situations where someone feels emotionally isolated or lacks confidence due to their circumstances.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4021

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Built

Reading

Kanji

建Build

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '建て (だて)' is used to indicate the way something is built or constructed. It is often attached to nouns to describe the type of construction or the material used in building something. For example: a wooden house「木造建ての家」(もくぞうだてのいえ). This building is steel-framed「この建物は鉄骨建てです」(このたてものはてっこつだてです). The suffix can also be used to specify the number of floors in a building, such as in 'three-story building'「三階建ての建物」(さんかいだてのたてもの). It is a versatile suffix that provides specific information about the construction or structure of an object or building.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4026

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Excuse

Reading

Kanji

言Say 訳Reason, Translation

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '言い訳 (いいわけ)' means 'excuse'. It refers to a reason or explanation given to justify or defend one's actions, often to avoid blame or responsibility. This word is commonly used in situations where someone is trying to explain away a mistake or failure. For example: He made an excuse for being late「彼は遅れた言い訳をした」(かれはおくれたいいわけをした). Don't give me excuses「言い訳をしないで」(いいわけをしないで). It can also imply a sense of insincerity or reluctance to take accountability, depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4028

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Detach, Miss

Reading

Kanji

外Outside

Explanation

The Japanese verb '外れる (はずれる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to detach' or 'to come off', referring to something physically separating from where it was attached. For example: the button came off「ボタンが外れた」(ぼたんがはずれた). The second meaning is 'to miss', often used in contexts where something does not meet expectations or targets. For example: the arrow missed the target「矢が的を外れた」(やがまとをはずれた). This verb can also be used metaphorically, such as when plans or predictions do not go as expected. For example: the weather forecast was wrong「天気予報が外れた」(てんきよほうがはずれた).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4034

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tidying

Reading

Kanji

後After, Behind 片Fragment, One sided 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '後片付け (あとかたづけ)' refers to the act of tidying up or cleaning up after an event, activity, or meal. It is commonly used in contexts where one needs to restore order or cleanliness after something has been used or done. For example: Please help with the tidying up after the party「パーティーの後片付けを手伝ってください」(パーティーのあとかたづけをてつだってください). She is good at tidying up after cooking「彼女は料理の後片付けが上手です」(かのじょはりょうりのあとかたづけがじょうずです). This word emphasizes the action of restoring order, often after a specific event or activity.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4039

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Attach

Reading

Kanji

付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb 'くっ付ける (くっつける)' means 'to attach' or 'to stick something to something else'. It is often used when describing the action of physically joining two objects together, such as with glue, tape, or other adhesives. This verb can also be used metaphorically to describe the act of bringing people or ideas together. For example: I attached the paper to the wall「紙を壁にくっ付けた」(かみをかべにくっつけた). Let's stick these two pieces together「この二つをくっ付けよう」(このふたつをくっつけよう). The teacher tried to bring the students together「先生は生徒たちをくっ付けようとした」(せんせいはせいとたちをくっつけようとした).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4040

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Entrust

Reading

Kanji

言Say 付Attach

Explanation

The Japanese verb '言付ける (ことづける)' means 'to entrust' or 'to ask someone to deliver a message or item on your behalf. It is often used when you cannot personally deliver something and rely on another person to do so. For example: I entrusted him with a message「彼にメッセージを言付けた」(かれにメッセージをことづけた). She asked me to deliver this letter「彼女はこの手紙を言付けた」(かのじょはこのてがみをことづけた). This verb is commonly used in situations involving communication or delivery, emphasizing reliance on another person.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4045

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Addressed

Reading

Kanji

宛Address

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '宛て (あて)' is used to indicate that something is addressed or directed to someone or something. It is commonly attached to names, titles, or pronouns to specify the recipient. For example: a letter addressed to Tanaka「田中さん宛ての手紙」(たなかさんあてのてがみ). This suffix is often used in formal or written contexts, such as letters, emails, or packages. It can also imply a sense of direction or purpose, as in 'this gift is for you'「このプレゼントはあなた宛てです」(このプレゼントはあなたあてです). Note that '宛て' is typically written in hiragana in modern usage, though it can occasionally appear in kanji as '宛'.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4055

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prepare, Assume

Reading

Kanji

構Structure, Care

Explanation

The Japanese verb '構える (かまえる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to prepare' or 'to set up,' often used in contexts where someone is getting ready for something, such as preparing a stance or setting up equipment. For example: He prepared his camera「彼はカメラを構えた」(かれはカメラをかまえた). The second meaning is 'to assume' or 'to adopt,' often used when someone takes on a particular attitude or posture. For example: She assumed a defensive stance「彼女は防御の姿勢を構えた」(かのじょはぼうぎょのしせいをかまえた). This verb is versatile and can be used in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4061

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

In order

Reading

Kanji

順Order, Obey

Explanation

The Japanese adverb '順々に (じゅんじゅんに)' means 'in order' or 'one after another.' It is used to describe things happening in a sequential or orderly manner, often implying a logical progression. For example: Please read the pages in order 「ページを順々に読んでください」 (ページをじゅんじゅんによんでください). The students entered the classroom one after another 「生徒たちは順々に教室に入った」 (せいとたちはじゅんじゅんにきょうしつにはいった). This adverb can also be used to describe events or actions occurring in a particular sequence, such as '順々に説明する (じゅんじゅんにせつめいする)', meaning 'to explain step by step.'

Part Of Speech

adverb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4065

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overlap, Pileup

Reading

Kanji

重Heavy

Explanation

The Japanese verb '重なる (かさなる)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'overlap', which refers to things lying on top of each other or occurring simultaneously. For example: The two events overlap「二つのイベントが重なる」(ふたつのイベントがかさなる). The second meaning is 'pileup', which refers to multiple things accumulating or stacking up, often in a literal or figurative sense. For example: Problems keep piling up「問題が重なる」(もんだいがかさなる). This verb is commonly used in both physical and abstract contexts, such as describing overlapping schedules, stacked objects, or accumulated issues.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4071

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Defy

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese verb '逆らう (さからう)' means 'to defy' or 'to go against'. It is used to describe an action that opposes or resists something, such as authority, rules, or expectations. This verb often carries a nuance of rebellion or disobedience. For example: he defied his parents' wishes「彼は親の希望に逆らった」(かれはおやのきぼうにさからった). It is dangerous to defy nature「自然に逆らうのは危険だ」(しぜんにさからうのはきけんだ). The verb can also be used in a more neutral sense, such as going against the flow or direction, but it typically implies some form of resistance.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4073

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Upside down

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '逆さ (さかさ)' means 'upside down'. It is used to describe something that is inverted or in a reversed position. This term can be applied to physical objects, situations, or even abstract concepts. For example: the picture is upside down「その絵は逆さだ」(そのえはさかさだ). He hung the flag upside down「彼は旗を逆さに掛けた」(かれははたをさかさにかけた). The word can also be used metaphorically to describe situations that are contrary to what is expected or normal.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4074

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Upside down

Reading

Kanji

逆Reverse

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '逆さま (さかさま)' means 'upside down'. It describes something that is in a position where the top is at the bottom and the bottom is at the top. This word is often used to describe physical objects, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe situations or states of being. For example: The picture is upside down「その絵は逆さまです」(そのえはさかさまです). He hung the map upside down「彼は地図を逆さまに掛けた」(かれはちずをさかさまにかけた). It's important to note that '逆さま' can also imply a sense of disorder or confusion, as in 'Everything is upside down in this house'「この家の中はすべて逆さまです」(このいえのなかはすべてさかさまです).

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4075

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dirty

Reading

Kanji

汚Dirty, Dishonor

Explanation

The Japanese verb '汚れる (よごれる)' means 'to become dirty' or 'to get dirty'. It is an intransitive verb, meaning it describes a state or change of state without requiring a direct object. This verb is commonly used to describe things like clothes, surfaces, or even reputations becoming dirty or tarnished. For example: my shirt got dirty「私のシャツが汚れた」(わたしのシャツがよごれた). The floor became dirty after the party「パーティーの後で床が汚れた」(パーティーのあとでゆかがよごれた). Note that the transitive counterpart, '汚す (よごす)', means 'to make something dirty' and requires a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4093

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Deadline

Reading

Kanji

締Tighten, Bind 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese noun '締め切り (しめきり)' refers to a 'deadline'. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate the final date or time by which something must be completed or submitted. For example: The deadline is tomorrow「締め切りは明日です」(しめきりはあしたです). I missed the deadline「締め切りに間に合わなかった」(しめきりにまにあわなかった). This word is often used in academic, professional, and personal settings to emphasize the importance of completing tasks on time.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4095

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close

Reading

Kanji

締Tighten, Bind 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '締め切る (しめきる)' means 'to close' in the sense of closing an application period, deadline, or entry. It is commonly used in contexts where something is being finalized or concluded, such as closing entries for a contest, applications for a job, or submissions for a project. For example: The application deadline has closed「応募は締め切られました」(おうぼはしめきられました). We will close the entries tomorrow「明日エントリーを締め切ります」(あしたえんとりーをしめきります). This verb is often used in formal or administrative settings and implies a definitive end to a process or opportunity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4096

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Close, Tighten

Reading

Kanji

締Tighten, Bind

Explanation

The Japanese verb '締まる (しまる)' has two primary meanings. The first meaning is 'to tighten,' which refers to something becoming physically tighter or more secure. For example: The screw tightened「ネジが締まった」(ねじがしまった). The second meaning is 'to close,' often used in contexts like doors or events coming to an end. For example: The meeting closed「会議が締まった」(かいぎがしまった). It's important to note that '締まる' is an intransitive verb, meaning it describes a state or action that happens on its own, without a direct object. This verb is commonly used in both everyday and formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4101

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Prosper

Reading

Kanji

栄Prosper, Flourish

Explanation

The Japanese verb '栄える (さかえる)' means 'to prosper' or 'to flourish'. It is used to describe a state of thriving, success, or growth, often in the context of cities, businesses, or cultures. For example: The town prospered thanks to tourism「その町は観光のおかげで栄えた」(そのまちはかんこうのおかげでさかえた). The company flourished under new management「新しい経営陣のもとで会社は栄えた」(あたらしいけいえいじんのもとでかいしゃはさかえた). This verb is often used in historical or economic contexts to describe periods of growth or success.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4102

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Torment

Reading

Kanji

苦Suffer

Explanation

The Japanese verb '苦しめる (くるしめる)' means 'to torment' or 'to cause suffering'. It is used to describe the act of making someone or something experience pain, distress, or hardship. This verb can be used in both physical and emotional contexts. For example: He tormented his younger brother「彼は弟を苦しめた」(かれはおとうとをくるしめた). The disease tormented her for years「その病気は彼女を何年も苦しめた」(そのびょうきはかのじょをなんねんもくるしめた). The verb often implies a deliberate or ongoing action that causes suffering.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4113

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Learn

Reading

Kanji

習Learn

Explanation

The Japanese verb '習う (ならう)' means 'to learn'. It specifically refers to learning through instruction, practice, or imitation, often under the guidance of a teacher or mentor. This verb is commonly used when talking about acquiring skills, knowledge, or techniques in a structured way. For example: I learn Japanese from my teacher「私は先生に日本語を習う」(わたしはせんせいににほんごをならう). She is learning to play the piano「彼女はピアノを習っている」(かのじょはピアノをならっている). Note that '習う' implies a more formal or systematic learning process compared to '学ぶ (まなぶ)', which can refer to learning in a broader sense.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4116

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Keep

Reading

Kanji

預Deposit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '預かる (あずかる)' means 'to keep' or 'to take care of something temporarily on behalf of someone else'. It is often used when someone entrusts an item, responsibility, or even a person to another for safekeeping. For example: I will keep your luggage「あなたの荷物を預かります」(あなたのにもつをあずかります). She is taking care of my child today「彼女は今日私の子供を預かっています」(かのじょはきょうわたしのこどもをあずかっています). This verb emphasizes the temporary nature of the responsibility and the trust involved in the act of keeping something safe.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4120

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Cause, Trigger

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 起Wake up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き起こす (ひきおこす)' means 'to cause' or 'to trigger'. It is used to describe the act of bringing about a situation, event, or condition, often with a focus on the consequences. This verb can be used in both positive and negative contexts, but it is more commonly associated with negative outcomes. For example: The heavy rain caused a flood「大雨が洪水を引き起こした」(おおあめがこうずいをひきおこした). His careless remark triggered an argument「彼の不用意な発言が議論を引き起こした」(かれのふよういなはつげんがぎろんをひきおこした). It is important to note that '引き起こす' often implies a direct or significant impact, making it suitable for serious or notable events.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4121

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Spoil

Reading

Kanji

甘Sweet

Explanation

The Japanese verb '甘やかす (あまやかす)' means 'to spoil' or 'to pamper'. It is used to describe the act of indulging someone, often excessively, by giving them too much attention, leniency, or material things. This can lead to the person becoming dependent or lacking discipline. For example: She spoils her child「彼女は子供を甘やかす」(かのじょはこどもをあまやかす). Don't spoil your dog too much「犬を甘やかしすぎないで」(いぬをあまやかしすぎないで). The verb often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that the indulgence is excessive or harmful.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4124

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Chase

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 掛Set, Hang

Explanation

The Japanese verb '追い掛ける (おいかける)' means 'to chase' or 'to pursue'. It is used to describe the action of following someone or something quickly in order to catch them. This verb can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. For example: The dog chased the cat「犬は猫を追い掛けた」(いぬはねこをおいかけた). He is chasing his dreams「彼は夢を追い掛けている」(かれはゆめをおいかけている). The verb often implies a sense of urgency or determination in the pursuit.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4128

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Refrain, Reserve

Reading

Kanji

控Refrain, Abstain

Explanation

The Japanese verb '控える (ひかえる)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to refrain' or 'to hold back' from doing something. For example: Please refrain from smoking here「ここでは喫煙を控えてください」(ここではきつえんをひかえてください). The second meaning is 'to reserve' or 'to keep something in reserve'. For example: I reserved a seat for the meeting「会議の席を控えました」(かいぎのせきをひかえました). The verb can also imply a sense of caution or moderation, depending on the context. It is often used in formal or polite situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4129

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Fortunate

Reading

Kanji

幸Happiness

Explanation

The Japanese adjectival noun '幸い (さいわい)' means 'fortunate' or 'luckily'. It is used to describe a situation or outcome that is favorable or beneficial. This word can also function as an adverb, meaning 'fortunately' or 'luckily'. For example: Fortunately, it didn't rain「幸い、雨は降らなかった」(さいわい、あめはふらなかった). It was fortunate that he arrived on time「彼が時間通りに到着して幸いだった」(かれがじかんどおりにとうちゃくしてさいわいだった). The word often carries a sense of gratitude or relief about the positive outcome.

Part Of Speech

adjectival noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4131

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dim

Reading

Kanji

薄Thin, Dilute 暗Darkness

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '薄暗い (うすぐらい)' means 'dim'. It is used to describe a place or environment that is not fully lit, often implying a faint or weak light. This word can evoke a sense of gloominess or mystery, depending on the context. For example: The room was dim「部屋は薄暗かった」(へやはうすぐらかった). The forest was dim in the evening「夕方の森は薄暗かった」(ゆうがたのもりはうすぐらかった). Note that '薄暗い' is often used to describe natural lighting conditions, such as twilight or the interior of a poorly lit space.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4137

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dilute

Reading

Kanji

薄Thin, Dilute

Explanation

The Japanese verb '薄める (うすめる)' means 'to dilute'. This verb is used when you want to make a liquid less concentrated by adding water or another solvent. It can also be used metaphorically to describe reducing the intensity of something, such as emotions or colors. For example: dilute the paint with water「絵の具を水で薄める」(えのぐをみずでうすめる). She diluted her anger with a smile「彼女は笑顔で怒りを薄めた」(かのじょはえがおでいかりをうすめた). Note that this verb is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object to indicate what is being diluted.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4138

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Tear

Reading

Kanji

破Break, Tear

Explanation

The Japanese verb '破る (やぶる)' primarily means 'to tear'. It is used when referring to the action of ripping or tearing something apart, such as paper or fabric. Additionally, it can be used metaphorically to describe breaking rules, promises, or records. For example: I tore the paper「紙を破った」(かみをやぶった). He broke the promise「彼は約束を破った」(かれはやくそくをやぶった). The athlete broke the world record「その選手は世界記録を破った」(そのせんしゅはせかいきろくをやぶった). This verb is versatile and can be used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4143

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Overtake

Reading

Kanji

追Follow 抜Pluck, Extract

Explanation

The Japanese verb '追い抜く (おいぬく)' means 'to overtake'. This verb is used when one moves ahead of someone or something that was previously in front, often in the context of racing, driving, or competition. It can also be used metaphorically to describe surpassing someone in skill, achievement, or progress. For example: The car overtook the truck「その車はトラックを追い抜いた」(そのくるまはトラックをおいぬいた). She overtook her rival in the competition「彼女は競争でライバルを追い抜いた」(かのじょはきょうそうでライバルをおいぬいた). Note that this verb implies a sense of movement and progression, and it is often used in dynamic situations.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4159

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Doubt

Reading

Kanji

疑Doubt, Suspect

Explanation

The Japanese noun '疑い (うたがい)' means 'doubt'. It refers to a feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction about something. This word is often used in contexts where there is suspicion or skepticism about a situation, statement, or person. For example: There is no doubt about his innocence「彼の無実に疑いはない」(かれのむじつにうたがいがない). She had doubts about the plan「彼女はその計画に疑いを持っていた」(かのじょはそのけいかくにうたがいをもっていた). The word can also imply suspicion, as in '疑いをかける (うたがいをかける)', which means 'to cast doubt on' or 'to suspect'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4167

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Hit

Reading

Kanji

殴Beat, Assault

Explanation

The Japanese verb '殴る (なぐる)' means 'to hit' or 'to strike', specifically with a fist or hand. It is often used to describe physical violence or a punch. This verb carries a strong connotation of aggression and is typically used in contexts involving conflict or physical altercations. For example: He hit the man「彼はその男を殴った」(かれはそのおとこをなぐった). Don't hit people「人を殴るな」(ひとをなぐるな). The verb can also be used metaphorically, but this is less common. It is important to note that this word is informal and can sound harsh or violent depending on the context.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4173

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Transparent

Reading

Kanji

透Pass through, Transparent 通Commute, Pass

Explanation

The Japanese verb '透き通る (すきとおる)' means 'to be transparent' or 'to be clear'. It is used to describe something that allows light to pass through it, making it see-through. This verb can be used to describe physical objects like glass or water, as well as more abstract concepts like voices or emotions. For example: The glass is transparent「ガラスが透き通っている」(ガラスがすきとおっている). Her voice is clear and transparent「彼女の声は澄んでいて透き通っている」(かのじょのこえはすんでいてすきとおっている). It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is pure or untainted, such as a transparent heart「透き通った心」(すきとおったこころ).

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4174

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Aim

Reading

Kanji

志Intention

Explanation

The Japanese verb '志す (こころざす)' means 'to aim' or 'to aspire'. It is used to express a strong intention or determination to achieve a specific goal or pursue a particular path. This verb often conveys a sense of purpose or ambition. For example: she aims to become a doctor「彼女は医者になることを志している」(かのじょはいしゃになることをこころざしている). He aspires to be a great writer「彼は偉大な作家になることを志している」(かれはいだいなさっかになることをこころざしている). The verb is typically used in formal or serious contexts, emphasizing a long-term commitment to a goal.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4183

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Warm

Reading

Kanji

温Warm

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '温かい (あたたかい)' means 'warm'. It is used to describe something that has a moderate degree of heat, such as warm weather, warm food, or warm feelings. It can also describe a warm-hearted or kind attitude. For example: The soup is warm「スープは温かい」(スープはあたたかい). She has a warm heart「彼女は温かい心を持っている」(かのじょはあたたかいこころをもっている). This adjective is often used in contexts involving comfort, kindness, or physical warmth.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4184

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Exert

Reading

Kanji

及Reach, Extend

Explanation

The Japanese verb '及ぼす (およぼす)' means 'to exert' or 'to have an influence on'. It is often used to describe the effect or impact that something has on another thing, whether positive or negative. This verb is typically used in formal or written contexts. For example: The new policy will exert a significant influence on the economy「新しい政策は経済に大きな影響を及ぼすでしょう」(あたらしいせいさくはけいざいにおおきなえいきょうをおよぼすでしょう). His actions exerted a negative impact on the team「彼の行動はチームに悪影響を及ぼした」(かれのこうどうはチームにあくえいきょうをおよぼした). Note that '及ぼす' is often followed by the particle 'に' to indicate the target of the influence.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4187

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Help

Reading

Kanji

手Hand 伝Transmit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '手伝う (てつだう)' means 'to help' or 'to assist'. It is commonly used when someone provides assistance to another person, often in a physical or practical sense. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as helping with chores, work, or tasks. For example: I will help you with your homework「宿題を手伝います」(しゅくだいをてつだいます). Can you help me carry this?「これを運ぶのを手伝ってくれますか？」(これをはこぶのをてつだってくれますか？). Note that '手伝う' is often used in situations where the help is temporary or specific to a task, rather than ongoing support.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4188

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pluck, Repel

Reading

Kanji

弾Bullet, Projectile

Explanation

The Japanese verb '弾く (はじく)' has two distinct meanings. The first meaning is 'to pluck', as in plucking the strings of a musical instrument. For example: he plucks the guitar「彼はギターを弾く」(かれはギターをはじく). The second meaning is 'to repel' or 'to flick away', often used to describe repelling water or flicking something off a surface. For example: the umbrella repels water「傘が水を弾く」(かさがみずをはじく). These two meanings are unrelated and depend on the context in which the verb is used.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4189

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Stretch

Reading

Kanji

張Spread, Stretch

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '張り (はり)' is often used to indicate a sense of stretch, tension, or extension. It can be attached to nouns to describe something that is stretched or taut, or to convey a feeling of tightness or firmness. For example: a tight rope「張りのあるロープ」(はりのあるロープ). This suffix can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional tension or enthusiasm. For example: full of enthusiasm「張り切っている」(はりきっている). It's important to note that '張り' is often used in compound words to modify the meaning of the base noun, adding a sense of tension or extension.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4194

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Passive, Defenselessness

Reading

Kanji

受Accept 身Body, Self

Explanation

The Japanese noun '受け身 (うけみ)' primarily means 'passive', referring to a state of being acted upon rather than acting. It is often used in contexts such as grammar (passive voice) or martial arts (a defensive stance). Additionally, it can imply a sense of defenselessness or vulnerability. Example sentences: He always takes a passive stance in arguments「彼はいつも議論で受け身だ」(かれはいつもぎろんでうけみだ). In judo, mastering the passive stance is crucial「柔道では受け身をマスターすることが重要だ」(じゅうどうではうけみをますたーすることがじゅうようだ).

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4195

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Elderly

Reading

Kanji

年Year 寄Draw near

Explanation

The Japanese noun '年寄り (としより)' refers to an elderly person or someone who is old. It is a respectful term used to describe senior citizens, often implying wisdom and experience. However, it can sometimes carry a slightly informal or colloquial tone depending on the context. For example: The elderly are respected in this town「この町では年寄りが尊敬されている」(このまちではとしよりがそんけいされている). My grandmother is an elderly woman「私の祖母は年寄りです」(わたしのそぼはとしよりです). The term is commonly used in discussions about aging, care for the elderly, or generational differences.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4199

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Pickup

Reading

Kanji

拾Pick up

Explanation

The Japanese verb '拾う (ひろう)' means 'to pick up'. It is used when someone picks up something from the ground or a surface, often implying that the object was dropped or lost. This verb can also be used metaphorically to mean picking up on something, such as a signal or a hint. For example: I picked up a coin「私はコインを拾った」(わたしはこいんをひろう). He picked up on her subtle hint「彼は彼女の微妙なヒントを拾った」(かれはかのじょのびみょうなヒントをひろう). Note that this verb is transitive and requires a direct object.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4204

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Each other

Reading

Kanji

互Mutual

Explanation

The Japanese noun 'お互い (おたがい)' means 'each other' or 'mutually'. It is used to describe a reciprocal relationship or action between two or more parties. This word is often used in contexts where people are doing something for or to each other. For example: We should help each other「私たちはお互いを助けるべきです」(わたしたちはおたがいをたすけるべきです). They respect each other「彼らはお互いを尊重します」(かれらはおたがいをそんちょうします). 'お互い' can also imply a sense of shared understanding or commonality, as in 'お互い様 (おたがいさま)', which means 'it's mutual' or 'we're in the same boat'.

Part Of Speech

noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4208

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Adorable

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 愛Love

Explanation

The Japanese adjective '可愛らしい (かわいらしい)' means 'adorable' or 'charming'. It is used to describe something or someone that evokes a sense of endearment or cuteness. This word often carries a nuance of being naturally or innocently cute, rather than intentionally so. For example: That puppy is adorable「あの子犬は可愛らしい」(あのこいぬはかわいらしい). Her smile is charming「彼女の笑顔は可愛らしい」(かのじょのえがおはかわいらしい). The adjective can also be used to describe small, delicate, or aesthetically pleasing things, such as '可愛らしい花 (かわいらしいはな) (adorable flower)'.

Part Of Speech

adjective

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4210

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Decide

Reading

Kanji

思Think 切Cut

Explanation

The Japanese verb '思い切る (おもいきる)' means 'to decide' or 'to make up one's mind'. It conveys the idea of making a firm decision, often after some hesitation or deliberation. This verb is commonly used when someone resolves to take action or make a choice, especially in situations that require courage or a significant change. For example: I decided to quit my job「仕事を辞めることを思い切った」(しごとをやめることをおもいきった). She finally decided to confess her feelings「彼女はついに気持ちを打ち明けることを思い切った」(かのじょはついにきもちをうちあけることをおもいきった). Note that '思い切る' often implies a sense of determination or resolve, making it suitable for situations where a decisive action is taken.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4214

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Dote

Reading

Kanji

可Possible 愛Love

Explanation

The Japanese verb '可愛がる (かわいがる)' means 'to dote on' or 'to treat with affection'. It is used to describe the act of showing love, care, or fondness towards someone or something, often in a nurturing or protective way. This verb is commonly used when referring to how someone treats a child, a pet, or even a close friend. For example: She dotes on her cat「彼女は猫を可愛がる」(かのじょはねこをかわいがる). The teacher dotes on her students「先生は生徒たちを可愛がる」(せんせいはせいとたちをかわいがる). The nuance of this verb often implies a sense of indulgence or pampering, and it is typically used in positive contexts.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4215

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Love

Reading

Kanji

恋Love, Romance

Explanation

The Japanese verb '恋する (こいする)' means 'to love' in the sense of being romantically in love with someone. It conveys deep emotional attachment and longing, often associated with romantic relationships. This verb is used to express the feeling of being in love, rather than general affection or liking. For example: I fell in love with her「彼女に恋した」(かのじょにこいした). He is in love with his best friend「彼は親友に恋している」(かれはしんゆうにこいしている). Note that '恋する' is more specific than '愛する (あいする)', which can refer to love in a broader sense, including familial or platonic love.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4221

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Withdraw, Draw out

Reading

Kanji

引Pull 出Exit

Explanation

The Japanese verb '引き出す (ひきだす)' has two primary meanings. The first is 'to draw out,' which can refer to extracting something physically, such as pulling an object from a container, or metaphorically, such as eliciting information or potential from someone. The second meaning is 'to withdraw,' specifically in the context of taking money out of a bank account. Example sentences: He drew out his wallet from his bag「彼はバッグから財布を引き出した」(かれはバッグからさいふをひきだした). She withdrew money from the ATM「彼女はATMからお金を引き出した」(かのじょはATMからおかねをひきだした). The verb is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts, making it versatile in everyday conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4226

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Celebrate

Reading

Kanji

祝Celebrate

Explanation

The Japanese verb '祝う (いわう)' means 'to celebrate'. It is used to express the act of celebrating an event, occasion, or achievement. This verb can be used in various contexts, such as celebrating birthdays, anniversaries, or cultural festivals. For example: We celebrated the New Year「新年を祝った」(しんねんをいわった). They celebrated their wedding anniversary「彼らは結婚記念日を祝った」(かれらはけっこんきねんびをいわった). The verb can also be used in more formal or ceremonial contexts, such as celebrating a company milestone or a national holiday. It is important to note that '祝う' often implies a sense of joy and festivity.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4227

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Perform

Reading

Kanji

演Perform

Explanation

The Japanese verb '演ずる (えんずる)' means 'to perform' or 'to act'. It is often used in the context of performing a role in a play, movie, or other theatrical performance. It can also be used more broadly to describe performing a function or role in a non-theatrical context. For example: He performed the role of Hamlet「彼はハムレットの役を演じた」(かれはハムレットのやくをえんじた). This machine performs an important function「この機械は重要な機能を演じる」(このきかいはじゅうようなきのうをえんじる). Note that '演ずる' is a more formal or literary variant of '演じる (えんじる)', which is more commonly used in everyday speech.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4230

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Point, Pour

Reading

Kanji

差Difference

Explanation

The Japanese verb '差す (さす)' has multiple meanings depending on context. One meaning is 'to pour' or 'to fill', often used when pouring liquids like tea or water. For example: She poured tea「彼女はお茶を差した」(かのじょはおちゃをさした). Another meaning is 'to point' or 'to indicate', such as pointing at something with a finger or a tool. For example: He pointed at the map「彼は地図を差した」(かれはちずをさした). The verb can also imply a gentle or careful action, such as when inserting or placing something delicately. For example: She inserted the key「彼女は鍵を差した」(かのじょはかぎをさした). The nuance of the verb often depends on the object being acted upon.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4231

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Delight

Reading

Kanji

大Big 喜Rejoice

Explanation

The Japanese verbal noun '大喜び (おおよろこび)' means 'delight' or 'great joy'. It is used to express a state of being extremely happy or overjoyed about something. This term often conveys a sense of visible excitement or celebration. For example: She was delighted with the gift「彼女はプレゼントに大喜びした」(かのじょはぷれぜんとにおおよろこびした). The children were overjoyed when they saw the cake「子供たちはケーキを見て大喜びした」(こどもたちはけーきをみておおよろこびした). The term is commonly used in situations where the joy is openly expressed and shared with others.

Part Of Speech

verbal noun

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4233

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Escape

Reading

Kanji

逃Escape

Explanation

The Japanese verb '逃れる (のがれる)' means 'to escape' or 'to avoid'. It is used to describe the act of getting away from a situation, danger, or responsibility. This verb often carries a nuance of avoiding something undesirable or evading a difficult circumstance. For example: He escaped from the prison「彼は刑務所から逃れた」(かれはけいむしょからのがれた). She managed to avoid the responsibility「彼女は責任を逃れた」(かのじょはせきにんをのがれた). The verb can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as escaping from reality or avoiding a topic in conversation.

Part Of Speech

verb

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4237

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting

word

Meaning

Done

Reading

Kanji

済Finish, Settle

Explanation

The Japanese suffix '済み (ずみ)' is used to indicate that something has been completed or settled. It is often attached to nouns to form compound words that describe the state of completion. For example: payment completed「支払い済み」(しはらいずみ). This suffix is commonly used in formal or business contexts to convey that a task or obligation has been fulfilled. Another example: reservation completed「予約済み」(よやくずみ). It is important to note that '済み' is often written in kanji but can also appear in hiragana in less formal contexts.

Part Of Speech

suffix

Kanji JLPT

Kanji Grade

Frequency

4246

Composition

kanji-hiragana

Handwriting